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==Genres==

*[[Art, Culture and History]]
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*[[Civilisation/World Geography - South America|South America]]
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Art Culture and History

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#REDIRECT [[Art, Culture and History]]

Art, Culture and History

2021-07-27T16:29:31Z

Admin: Admin moved page Art Culture and History to Art, Culture and History

*[[Art and Culture/American Civil War|American Civil War]]
*[[Art and Culture/Art and Sculpture|Art and Sculpture]]
*[[Art and Culture/Artists|Artists]]
*[[Art and Culture/Bible|Bible]]
*[[Art and Culture/British - Ancient to 1066|British - Ancient to 1066]]
*[[Art and Culture/British - 1066 to 1485|British - 1066 to 1485]]
*[[Art and Culture/British - Tudors|British - Tudors]]
*[[Art and Culture/British - Stuarts and English Civil War|British - Stuarts and English Civil War]]
*[[Art and Culture/British - Hanoverians 1|British - Hanoverians 1]]
*[[Art and Culture/British - Hanoverians 2|British - Hanoverians 2]]
*[[Art and Culture/British Monarchs|British Monarchs]]
*[[Art and Culture/Military History of the Ancient World|Military History of the Ancient World]]
*[[Art and Culture/Mythology|Mythology]]
*[[Art and Culture/Persian Emperors and Dynasties|Persian Emperors and Dynasties]]
*[[Art and Culture/Philosophy|Philosophy]]
*[[Art and Culture/Photography|Photography]]
*[[Art and Culture/Popes|Popes]]
*[[Art and Culture/Religion|Religion]]
*[[Art and Culture/Roman Emperors|Roman Emperors]]
*[[Art and Culture/Wars and Battles - BC|Wars and Battles - BC]]
*[[Art and Culture/Wars and Battles - 1st C to 10th C|Wars and Battles - 1st C to 10th C]]
*[[Art and Culture/Wars and Battles - 11th C to 16th C|Wars and Battles - 11th C to 16th C]]
*[[Art and Culture/Wars and Battles - 17th C to 19th C|Wars and Battles - 17th C to 19th C]]
*[[Art and Culture/Wars and Battles - 20th C|Wars and Battles - 20th C]]
*[[Art and Culture/World War I|World War I]]
*[[Art and Culture/World War II|World War II]]

Civilisation/World Geography - South America

2021-06-19T19:39:14Z

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South America

'''Argentina''' is the eighth-largest country in the world, the second-largest in Latin America, and the largest Spanish-speaking one. The country has its roots in Spanish colonization of the region beginning in 1512. Argentina rose as the successor state of the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata. a Spanish overseas colony founded in 1776

Buenos Aires is served by Ministro Pistarini International Airport

Buenos Aires is known as “Paris of the South”. Spanish seaman Juan Diaz de Solís was the first European to reach the Río de la Plata, in 1516, but his expedition was cut short by an attack in which he was killed by the native Charrúa or Guaraní tribe. The city was first founded as the 'city of Good Air' (old Spanish for 'Fair Winds’) in 1536 by a Spanish gold-seeking expedition under Pedro de Mendoza

Buenos Aires was originally named City of the Holy Trinity and Port of Saint Mary of the Fair Winds

Cordoba is the second largest city

Rosario is the third largest city

Ushuaia in Tierra del Fuego is the most southerly city in the world

Perito Moreno is a glacier in Patagonia

Aconcagua is the highest mountain (22,800’) outside of the Himalayas, in the province of Mendoza

Mendoza produces 70% of the wine from Argentina

Laguna del Carbon (Spanish: Coal Lagoon) is an endorheic salt lake in Argentina. At 105 metres (344 ft) below sea level, it is the lowest point of both the Western and Southern hemispheres

Straits of Magellan are between Argentina and Tierra del Fuego

'''Bolivia''' is named after Simon Bolívar

Sucre is the constitutional capital of Bolivia

In the late 19th century, an increase in the world price of silver brought Bolivia relative prosperity and political stability. During the early 20th century, tin replaced silver as the country's most important source of wealth

Potosi was the major supply of silver for Spain during the period of the New World Spanish Empire

The US Geological Service estimates that Bolivia has 5.4 million cubic tonnes of lithium which represents 50% – 70% of world reserves

Salar de Uyuni is the world's largest salt flat. It is located in southwest Bolivia

Tiwanaku is an important Pre-Columbian archaeological site in western Bolivia. Tiwanaku is recognized by Andean scholars as one of the most important precursors to the Inca Empire

'''Brazil''' is the world's fifth largest country, both by geographical area and by population. It is the largest Portuguese-speaking country in the world. It borders all other South American countries except Ecuador and Chile and occupies 47% of the continent of South America. The country's economy is the seventh largest by GDP. Brazil has been the world's largest producer of coffee for the last 150 years

'''Rio de Janeiro''' was the capital of Portugal in the 19th century

Corcovado, meaning ‘hunchback’ in Portuguese, is a mountain in central Rio de Janeiro. It is known worldwide for the 38-meter (125 ft) statue of Jesus atop its peak, entitled ‘Christ the Redeemer’

Sugarloaf Mountain (in Portuguese, Pao de Acucar), is a peak situated in Rio de Janeiro, at the mouth of Guanabara Bay

Ipanema is a district of Rio de Janeiro

Rocinha is the largest favela in Rio and in Brazil

Rio de Janeiro International Airport is named after songwriter Tom Jobim

Petropolis was the official capital of the state of Rio de Janeiro between 1894 and 1903

Tijuca Forest is a mountainous hand-planted rainforest in the city of Rio de Janeiro. It is the world's largest urban forest

President Kubitschek ordered the construction of '''Brasilia''', enacting a long-forgotten article of the country's republican constitutions stating that the capital should be relocated from Rio de Janeiro. Its main urban planner was Lucio Costa. Oscar Niemeyer was the chief architect of most of the public buildings and Roberto Burle Marx was the landscape designer. The city plan was based on the ideas of Le Corbusier. Brasília was built in 41 months, from 1956 to 1960, when it was officially inaugurated

Brasilia is laid out in the form of an airplane

The Cathedral of Brasília in the capital of the Federative Republic of Brazil is an expression of the architect Oscar Niemeyer. This concrete-framed hyperboloid structure, seems with its glass roof to be reaching up, open, to heaven

The Juscelino Kubitschek Bridge, also known as the JK Bridge, crosses Lake Paranoá in Brasília. It is named for Juscelino Kubitschek de Oliveira, former president of Brazil. It was designed by architect Alexandre Chan and structural engineer Mário Vila Verde. Chan won the Gustav Lindenthal Medal for this project

'''Sao Paulo''' is the largest city in Southern hemisphere and in Latin America. The name of the city honours Saint Paul of Tarsus

Salvador is the capital of the state of Bahia, and the third largest Brazilian city, ahead of Brasilia. Until 1763, Salvador was the capital of Brazil

Fortaleza is rthe fifth largest city in Brazil

Santos is a coffee-exporting port

Manaus is the largest city along the Amazon River

Opera house in Manaus was built in 1896

Londrina is a city in Parana state

Natal is the capital city of Rio Grande do Norte, a northeastern state in Brazil. It was founded on 25 December 1599

Recife is a major port on the Atlantic Ocean. The name Recife means ‘reef’ in Portuguese

Marajo is an island located at the mouth of the Amazon River. It is the largest island to be completely surrounded by freshwater in the world

Fordlandia is a now-abandoned, prefabricated industrial town established in the Amazon Rainforest in 1928 by American industrialist Henry Ford for the purpose of securing a source of cultivated rubber for the automobile manufacturing operations of the Ford Motor Company

Curitiba is the capital and largest city of Parana

Brazil has largest Japanese population outside of Japan

Pantanal is a natural region encompassing the world's largest tropical wetland area. It is located mostly within the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso do Sul

Sao Francisco is the longest river entirely in Brazil

Brazil has the largest Arabic diaspora

'''Chile''' declared its independence from Spain in 1818

Santiago was founded by conquistadors in 1541

Gran Torre Santiago is a 64-story tall skyscraper in Santiago. It is the tallest building in Latin America

Valparaiso is the second largest city of Chile

Concepcion is the third largest city of Chile

Chilean territory includes the Pacific islands of Juan Fernandez, Salas y Gomez, Desventuradas, and Easter Island in Oceania

The Mapocho River flows from the Andes Mountains onto the west and divides Chile's capital Santiago in two

Chile is world’s largest exporter of copper

Casablanca valley is in Chile

Loa is the longest river in Chile

Punta Arenas (English: ‘Sandy Point’) is the capital city of Chile's southernmost region, Magallanes and Antartica Chilena

Puyehue and Cordon Caulle are two coalesced volcanic edifices that form a major mountain massif in Puyehue National Park in the Andes of Ranco Province, Chile. Erupted in 2011

Nevado Ojos del Salaro is a massive stratovolcano in the Andes on the Argentina-Chile border and the highest volcano in the world at 6893 metres. It is also the second highest mountain in the Western Hemisphere and Southern Hemisphere and the highest in Chile

Cape Froward in Chile is the southernmost point in mainland South America

Cape Horn is named after the city of Hoorn in the Netherlands

'''Colombia''' is derived from the last name of Christopher Columbus

Bogota has been called "The Athens of South America”

Gold Museum (Spanish: El Museo del Oro) in Bogota displays the largest pre-Hispanic gold work collection in the world

Cali is the second largest city of Colombia

Medellin is the third largest city of Colombia

Punta Gallinas in Colombia is the northernmost point in mainland South America WikiMiniAtlas

Nevado del Ruiz is a stratovolcano in Colombia. Eruptions often cause massive lahars

Pico Cristobal Colon is the highest mountain in Colombia. The peak is named after Christopher Columbus

'''Ecuador''' also includes the Galapagos Islands

At an elevation of 2,800 meters above sea level, Quito is the highest official capital city in the world

Guayaquil is the largest and the most populous city in Ecuador

Cotapaxi is the world’s highest active volcano

Chimborazo is a currently inactive stratovolcano located in the Andes. With a peak elevation of 6268 m, Chimborazo is the highest mountain in Ecuador. It is the highest peak in close proximity to the equator. While Chimborazo is not the highest mountain by elevation above sea level, its location along the equatorial bulge makes its summit the farthest point on the Earth's surface from the Earth's centre

Galapagos Islands were discovered by the Bishop of Panama. Darwin reached the islands in 1835 in the Beagle. Islands include Espanola (oldest) and Guy Fawkes

Galapagos – formerly known as Columbus Archipelago

Fernandina Island (formerly known in English as Narborough Island) is the third largest, and youngest, island of the Galapagos Islands. The island is an active shield volcano that last erupted in 2005

Isabela Island is the largest island of the Galapagos, nearly four times larger than Santa Cruz, the next largest of the islands. This island was named in honor of Queen Isabella of Spain who sponsored the voyage of Columbus. By the English, it was named Albemarle after the Duke of Albemarle. Shaped like a seahorse

'''French Guiana''', officially called simply, is an overseas department and region of France, on the north Atlantic coast of South America. A large part of the department's economy derives from the presence of the Guiana Space Centre, now the European Space Agency's primary launch site near the equator, at Kourou

Devil’s Island is the smallest and northernmost island of the three Iles du Salut located off the coast of French Guiana

'''Guyana''' was originally colonised by the Netherlands. Later, it became a British colony, known as British Guiana, and remained so for over 200 years until it achieved independence in 1966. In 1970, Guyana officially became a republic

Guyana is a member state of the Commonwealth of Nations and has the distinction of being the only South American nation in which English is the official language. The majority of the population speaks Guyanese Creole

Kaieteur Falls is a waterfall on the Potaro River in Kaieteur National Park, Guyana

Demerara River is a river in eastern Guyana

'''Paraguay''' is sometimes to as the “Heart of America”

Paraguay's indigenous language and culture, Guaraní, remains highly influential

Asuncion is home to nearly a third of Paraguay's population

Atlantic forest is in Paraguay

'''Peru''' was home to the Inca Empire, the largest state in Pre-Columbian America. The main spoken language is Spanish, although a significant number of Peruvians speak Quechua

Lima airport named after Jorge Chavez, the first person to fly across the Alps

Cuzco is a city in southeastern Peru, near the Urubamba Valley (Sacred Valley) of the Andes. Cuzco was the capital of Inca Empire

Cuzco is said to have been originally designed in the shape of a jaguar

Machu Picchu is situated on a mountain ridge above the Sacred Valley which is 80 km northwest of Cuzco and through which the Urubamba River flows. Most archaeologists believe that Machu Picchu was built as an estate for the Inca emperor Pachacuti (1438–1472). Often mistakenly referred to as the "Lost City of the Incas”

Arequipa is known as the “white city”. Third largest city. Arequipa is the second most industrialized and commercial city of Peru

Trujillo is the second largest city

Moray is a town in Peru approximately 50 km northwest of Cuzco that is noted for a large complex of unusual Inca ruins. These include most notably several enormous terraced circular depressions that were used to study the effects of different climatic conditions on crops

Punta Parinas in Peru is the westernmost point in mainland South America

'''Suriname''' is the smallest sovereign state in South America (French Guiana, while less extensive and populous, is an overseas department of France)

In 1667 Suriname was captured by the Dutch, who governed Suriname as Dutch Guiana until 1954. Gained independence in 1975, but Dutch is still the official language

'''Uruguay''' is officially the Eastern Republic of Uruguay. It is ranked first in Latin America in democracy, peace, lack of corruption, and quality of living

Uruguay is geographically the second-smallest nation in South America after Suriname

Uruguay is home to 3.3 million people, of whom 1.8 million live in the metropolitan area of its capital and largest city, Montevideo

Montevideo was first found by Juan Diaz De Solis in 1516

Montevideo is served by Carrasco International Airport

Salto is the second largest city

'''Venezuela''' has the world's largest oil reserves

In 1499, an expedition led by Alonso de Ojeda visited the Venezuelan coast. The stilt houses in the area of Lake Maracaibo reminded the navigator, Amerigo Vespucci, of the city of Venice, so he named the region "Veneziola"

Maracaibo is the second largest city

Valencia is the third largest city

River Orinoco flows through Venezuela

Lake Maracaibo is the largest lake in South America

Margarita Island is the largest island in the Venezuelan state of Nueva Esparta, situated in the Caribbean Sea

Central America

'''Belize''' is the only commonwealth country in Central America and the only country in Central America whose official language is English

Chalillo Dam is a gravity dam in Belize

Lamanai and Caracol are Mayan ruins in Belize

'''Costa Rica''' permanently abolished its army in 1949

Cocos Island is an island located off the shore of Costa Rica, known as ‘Shark Island’

'''El Salvador''' is the only Central American country that does not have a Caribbean coastline

El Salvador is the smallest country in Central America and the most densely populated country in the Americas

Izalco is a stratovolcano on the side of the Santa Ana Volcano

'''Guatemala''' is the most populous state in Central America

El Mirador is a large pre-Columbian Mayan settlement, located in the north of the modern department of El Peten, Guatemala. Discovered in 1926

Tikal is one of the largest archaeological sites and urban centres of the pre-Columbian Maya civilization. It is located in the archaeological region of the Peten Basin in northern Guatemala. Situated in the department of El Petén, the site is part of Guatemala's Tikal National Park and in 1979 it was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site

Tikal is the largest of the ancient ruined cities of the Maya civilization. Tikal reached its apogee during the Classic Period, c. 200 to 850. Discovered by Alfred Maudslay

'''Honduras''' was at times referred to as Spanish Honduras to differentiate it from British Honduras, which became Belize. Honduras was home to several important Mesoamerican cultures, most notably the Maya, prior to being conquered by Spain in the 16th century

La Ciudad Blanca (Spanish for "The White City") is a legendary settlement said to be located in the Mosquitia region of Honduras

'''Nicaragua''' is the largest country in the Central American isthmus. On the Pacific side of the country are the two largest fresh water lakes in Central America – Lake Managua and Lake Nicaragua. The Spanish Empire conquered the region in the 16th century. Nicaragua achieved its independence from Spain in 1821

'''Panama''' seceded from Colombia in 1903, allowing the Panama Canal to be built by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers

Panama Canal designed by Ferdinand de Lesseps in 1880, but the project failed. Work began again in 1904, and the canal was completed in 1914

There are three sets of locks in the Panama Canal. A two-step flight at Miraflores, and a single flight at Pedro Miguel, lift ships from the Pacific up to Lake Gatun; then a triple flight at Gatun lowers them to the Atlantic side

Bridge of the Americas spans the Pacific entrance to the Panama Canal. Built in 1962

Caribbean

The West Indies consist of the Antilles, divided into the larger Greater Antilles which bound the Caribbean sea on the north and the Lesser Antilles on the south and east (including the Leeward Antilles), and the Bahamas. Bermuda lies much further to the north in the Atlantic Ocean (570 miles east of North Carolina) and is in the West Indies

Lucayan Archipelago, also known as the Bahama Archipelago, is an island group comprising the Commonwealth of the Bahamas and the British Overseas Territory of the Turks and Caicos Islands

Greater Antilles – Cuba, Jamaica, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, and Cayman Islands

Lesser Antilles – Leeward Islands and Windward Islands

Leeward Islands – Northern group of the Lesser Antilles. Virgin Islands, Guadeloupe, St Kitts and Nevis, Antigua and Barbuda, Anguilla and Montserrat

Windward Islands – Southern group of the Lesser Antilles. Martinique, Dominica, Grenada, St Lucia, St Vincent and Grenadines

Caribbean Sea is known as “Sea of the Antilles”

Windward Passage is a strait in the Caribbean Sea, between the islands of Cuba and Hispaniola

Caribbean is the deepest sea. Deepest point is the Cayman Trough

Netherlands Antilles was an autonomous country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands located in the Caribbean. It was also informally known as the Dutch Antilles. The country was dissolved in 2010. Historically the Netherlands Antilles included the colony of Curacao and its dependencies

'''Anguilla''' is a British Overseas Territory in the Caribbean, one of the most northerly of the Leeward Islands

'''Antigua and Barbuda''' became an independent state within the Commonwealth of Nations in 1981

Most of the population of Barbuda live in the town of Codrington

'''Aruba''' is one of the four constituent countries that form the Kingdom of the Netherlands, along with the Netherlands, Curacao and Sint Maarten

<nowiki>*</nowiki>ABC – Aruba, Bonaire, Curacao

'''Bahamas''' consists of 29 islands, 661 cays, and 2387 islets

Nassau was formerly known as Charles Town; it was burned to the ground by the Spanish in 1684. Rebuilt, it was renamed Nassau in 1695 in honour of William III from the Dutch House of Orange-Nassau

Andros Island is an archipelago within the archipelago-nation of the Bahamas, the largest of the 26 inhabited Bahamian Islands

'''Bermuda''' is divided into nine parishes

Somers Isles – Bermuda. Britain’s oldest colony. Named after Admiral George Somers

St George’s – first capital of Bermuda

St. George's Island is one of the main islands of the territory of Bermuda

Bermuda is Britain's second oldest remaining British Overseas Territory

'''Barbados''' is served by Grantley Adams airport

In 1813, a statue was erected in Bridgetown, in what was known as Trafalgar Square, (now renamed National Heroes’ Square) in recognition of Nelson's bravery and as a tribute to his honour within the British Empire. This statue was sculpted from bronze by Richard Westmacott

'''Cayman Islands''' – Grand Cayman, Little Cayman and Cayman Brac

Cayman Islands are named after a reptile

George Town is the capital of the Cayman Islands. Named after George III

One of Grand Cayman's main attractions is Seven Mile Beach

'''Cuba''' comprises the main island of Cuba, the Isla de la Juventud and several archipelagos

Cuba is the largest island in the Caribbean

Santiago de Cuba is the second largest city of Cuba

Isla de la Juventud is the second largest Cuban island

'''Dominica''' has been nicknamed the "Nature Isle of the Caribbean" for its unspoiled natural beauty. Christopher Columbus named the island after the day of the week on which he spotted it, a Sunday, 3 November 1493

'''Dominican Republic''' occupies the eastern half of the island of Hispaniola

Santo Domingo, known officially as Santo Domingo de Guzman, is the capital and largest city in the Dominican Republic and the largest city in the Caribbean by population Santo Domingo de Guzman was founded in 1501. Oldest continuously inhabited European settlement in the Americas, and was the first seat of Spanish colonial rule in the New World

First cathedral in the Americas was in Santo Domingo

Pico Duarte is the highest peak in all the Caribbean islands. It lies in the Cordillera Central range, the greatest of the Dominican Republic's mountain chains

'''Guadeloupe''' comprises two main islands: Basse-Terre Island, Grande-Terre (separated from Basse-Terre by a narrow sea channel called Salt River)

Guadeloupe is an overseas region of France

'''Haiti''' occupies the western half of the island of Hispaniola

Haiti is the only French speaking independent republic in Americas

Sans-Souci Palace was the royal residence of King Henri I (better known as Henri Christophe) of Haiti, Queen Marie-Louise and their twin daughters. Construction of the palace started in 1810 and was completed in 1813. It is located in the town of Milot, Nord Department. Its name translated from French means “without worry”. Close to the Palace is the renowned mountaintop fortress; the Citadelle Laferriere, built under decree by Henri Christophe to repel a feared French invasion

'''Jamaica''' is a Commonwealth realm. Once a Spanish possession known as Santiago, in 1655 it came under the rule of England, and was called Jamaica. It achieved full independence from the United Kingdom in 1962

Black River is one of the longest rivers in Jamaica

Spanish Town was the former capital of Jamaica

Jamaica is divided into 14 parishes, which are grouped into the three historic counties of Cornwall, Middlesex and Surrey

Port Royal was a city located at the mouth of the Kingston Harbour. Founded in 1588, it was the centre of shipping commerce in the Caribbean Sea during the latter half of the 17th century. It was destroyed by an earthquake in 1692 and subsequent fires, hurricanes, flooding, epidemics and a final earthquake in 1907

'''Martinique''' is an overseas region of France

In Martinique there is a statue of the Empress Josephine, who was born in Martinique, holding a locket with a portrait of Napoleon

Mount Pelee is on Martinique, and erupted in 1902

'''Montserrat''' is a British Overseas Territory

Christopher Columbus gave Montserrat its name on his second voyage to the New World in 1493, after Montserrat mountain located in Catalonia. Montserrat is nicknamed “the Emerald Isle of the Caribbean”

In 1995, the previously dormant Soufriere Hills volcano became active. Eruptions destroyed Montserrat's Georgian era capital city of Plymouth and two-thirds of the island's population was forced to flee

'''Puerto Rico''' is located in the northeastern Caribbean Sea, east of the Dominican Republic and west of the Virgin Islands

Puerto Rico voted against becoming the 51st US state in 1998

'''Saba''' is the smallest special municipality of the Netherlands

Mount Scenery on the island of Saba, now considered an integral part of the Netherlands following the dissolution of the Netherlands Antilles, is the highest point in the Netherlands at 887 m

'''Saint Kitts''' specifically became the first ever British colony in the West Indies in 1624, and then became the first ever French colony in the Caribbean in 1625, when both nations decided to partition the island

The Narrows separates St Kitts from '''Nevis'''

'''Saint Lucia''' was named after Saint Lucy of Syracuse by the French

'''Saint Martin''' is a tropical island in the northeast Caribbean, approximately 240 km east of Puerto Rico. The 87 km² island is divided roughly in half between France and the Netherlands; it is the smallest inhabited sea island divided between two nations

The short length of the main runway at Princess Juliana International Airport in Saint Martin, and its position between a large hill and a beach causes some spectacular approaches. The southern Dutch part comprises Sint Maarten

'''Saint Vincent and the Grenadines''' consists of the main island of Saint Vincent and the northern two-thirds of the Grenadines

La Soufriere is an active volcano on the island of Saint Vincent. Many volcanoes in the Caribbean are named Soufriere (French: ‘sulphur outlet’). These include Soufriere Hills on Montserrat and La Grande Soufriere on Guadeloupe

'''Sint Eustatius''' is a Dutch overseas public body in the northern Leeward Islands. The capital is Oranjestad

'''Trinidad''' is the southernmost island in the Caribbean and lies just 11 km off the northeastern coast of Venezuela

Pitch Lake is a lake of natural asphalt located at La Brea in Trinidad. It was discovered by Sir Walter Raleigh in 1595

Scarborough is the chief town of '''Tobago'''

'''US Virgin Islands''' were named by Christopher Columbus on his second voyage in 1493 for Saint Ursula and her virgin followers. The main islands are Saint Croix, Saint John, and Saint Thomas. Formerly the Danish West Indies, they were sold to the United States by Denmark in 1916

Other islands

'''Falkland Islands''' took their English name from Falkland Sound, the channel between the two main islands, which was in turn named after Anthony Cary, 5th Viscount Falkland by Captain John Strong, who landed on the islands in 1690

Mount Pleasant airport serves the Falklands

Port Stanley was renamed Puerto Argentino, briefly, in 1982

Pebble Island – one of the Falkland Islands

Grytviken is the principal settlement in the British territory of South Georgia

'''Greenland''' ice sheet is a vast body of ice covering 1,710,000 square kilometres (660,235 sq mi), roughly 80% of the surface of Greenland. It is the second largest ice body in the world, after the Antarctic Ice Sheet

Cape Farewell – southern most point of Greenland

Ilulissat Icefjord is a fjord in western Greenland. At its eastern end is the Jakobshavn Isbræ glacier, the most productive glacier in the Northern Hemisphere. Larger icebergs typically do not melt until they reach 40 – 45 degrees north

Store glacier – Greenland

Petermann glacier connects the Greenland ice sheet to the Arctic Ocean

Borders

World’s most powerful hydroelectric dam – Itaipu, on the border of Brazil and Paraguay, on the Rio Parana, the second longest river in South America. Gravity dam, completed in 1982

Chihuahuan desert – borders USA and Mexico

Sonoran desert – borders of Arizona and Mexico

Lake Titicaca is the highest commercially navigable lake in the world, at 3812 m above sea level. Located in the Altiplano high in the Andes on the border of Peru and Bolivia, Titicaca has a maximum depth of 281 m. The western part of the lake belongs to the Puno Region of Peru, and the eastern side is located in the Bolivian La Paz Department

Iguazu Falls – located on the border of the Brazilian state of Parana and the Argentine province of Misiones. The falls divide the river into the upper and lower Iguazu. The waterfall system consists of 275 falls, including The Devil’s Throat

The 49th parallel of north latitude forms part of the international boundary between Canada and the United States from Manitoba to British Columbia on the Canadian side and from Minnesota to Washington on the U.S. side. Its use as a border is a result of the Anglo-American Convention of 1818 and the Oregon Treaty of 1846

From largest to smallest, the three waterfalls of the Niagara Falls are the Horseshoe Falls, the American Falls and the Bridal Veil Falls. The Horseshoe Falls lie mostly on the Canadian side and the American Falls entirely on the American side (New York state), separated by Goat Island. The smaller Bridal Veil Falls are also located on the American side, separated from the other waterfalls by Luna Island. The combined falls form the highest flow rate of any waterfall in the world

The Canadian Shield, also called the Precambrian Shield, Laurentian Shield, or Laurentian Plateau, is a large thin-soiled area over a part of the North American craton (a deep, common, joined bedrock region) in eastern and central Canada and adjacent portions of the US, composed of base rock dating to the Precambrian Era

Chilkoot Trail leads from Dyea, Alaska, to Bennett, British Columbia. It is part of Klondike Gold Rush National Historical Park in the United States. It was a major access route from the coast to Yukon goldfields in the late 1890s

Gran Chaco – a sparsely populated, hot and semi-arid lowland region of the Río de la Plata basin, divided among eastern Bolivia, Paraguay, northern Argentina and a portion of the Brazilian states of Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul, where it is connected with the Pantanal region

Continental Divide (or Great Divide) of the Americas is the name given to the principal, and largely mountainous, hydrological divide of the Americas that separates the watersheds that drain into the Pacific Ocean from, 1) those river systems which drain into the Atlantic Ocean and 2) those river systems which drain into the Arctic Ocean

Pan-American Highway measures 29,800 miles in total length. Except for a 54 mile rainforest break, called the Darien Gap, the road links the mainland nations of the Americas in a connected highway system. Extends from Prudhoe Bay, Alaska to the lower reaches of South America

Rivers

Amazon River is the largest river by discharge of water in the world. The Amazon basin is the largest drainage basin in the world. Flows for 4,000 miles through Brazil, Colombia and Peru

Javary River is a tributary of the Amazon that forms the boundary between Brazil and Peru for more than 500 miles

In its upper stretches, above the confluence of the Rio Negro, the Amazon is called Solimoes in Brazil

Madeira River is one of the biggest tributaries of the Amazon, and flows through Brazil and Bolivia

Parana River runs through Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina

Longest rivers in North America – Missouri, Mississippi, Yukon, Rio Grande, Nelson

Longest rivers in South America – Amazon, Parana, Madeira, Purus, Sao Francisco

Mountains

Rocky Mountains stretch more than 3,000 miles from the northernmost part of British Columbia to New Mexico. Within the North American Cordillera, the Rockies are distinct from the Pacific Coast Ranges and the Cascade Range and Sierra Nevada which all lie further to the west

Andes is the longest continental mountain range in the world, stretching for 4,300 miles through Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Chile, and Argentina. The Altiplano plateau is the world's second-highest following the Tibetan plateau

Parinacota, a composite volcano, is located on the Chilean / Bolivian frontier and is one of two volcanoes that make up the Nevados Payachata range. The other older volcano, Pomerape, is located to the northeast of Parinacota and makes up the northern part of this volcanic range

Mount Roraima includes the triple border point of Venezuela, Brazil and Guyana

Maya Mountains are in Belize and eastern Guatemala

Highest mountains in North America – McKinley, Logan, Pico de Orizaba

Highest mountains in South America – Aconcagua, Ojos del Salado, Monte Pissis

Seas and oceans

Sargasso Sea is an elongated region in the middle of the North Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by ocean currents. On the west it is bounded by the Gulf Stream; on the north, by the North Atlantic Current; on the east, by the Canary Current; and on the south, by the North Atlantic Equatorial Current

Beaufort Sea is in Arctic Ocean, located north of the Northwest Territories, the Yukon, and Alaska

Drake Passage is the body of water between the southern tip of South America at Cape Horn, Chile and the South Shetland Islands of Antarctica

Beagle Channel is a strait separating islands of the Tierra del Fuego Archipelago. The Beagle Channel, the Straits of Magellan to the north, and the open ocean Drake Passage to the south are the three navigable passages around South America between the Pacific and the Atlantic oceans. Most commercial shipping is through the Drake Passage

Strait of Juan de Fuca forms the principal outlet for the Georgia Strait and Puget Sound, connecting both to the Pacific Ocean. It provides part of the international boundary between the United States and Canada

Lomonosov Ridge – underwater ridge of continental crust in the Arctic Ocean. It spans 1800 km from the New Siberian Islands over the central part of the ocean to Ellesmere Island of the Canadian Arctic islands. Named in honour of Russian scientist and polymath Mikhail Lomonosov

Greenland Sea borders Greenland to the west, the Svalbard archipelago to the east, Fram Strait and the Arctic Ocean to the north, and the Norwegian Sea and Iceland to the south. The Greenland Sea is often defined as part of the Arctic Ocean

Yucatan Channel separates Mexico from Cuba

Puerto Rico trench has a maximum depth of 8648 metres at Milwaukee Deep, which is the deepest point in the Atlantic Ocean and the deepest point not in the Pacific Ocean

Mesoamerican Barrier Reef System, also known as the Great Mayan Reef, is a marine region that stretches over 1000 km from the tip of the Yucatan Peninsula down to Belize, Guatemala and Honduras

Milwaukee Deep is the deepest part of the Atlantic Ocean and is part of the Puerto Rico Trench

Civilisation/World Geography - North America

2021-06-19T19:38:53Z

Admin:

United States of America

The United States is the world's fourth-largest country by total area and third most populous (320 million). The U.S. population almost quadrupled during the 20th century, from about 76 million in 1900

In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a world map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere "America" after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci

'''Alabama''' (AL)

Capital – Montgomery

Largest city – Birmingham

'''Alaska''' (AK)

Capital – Juneau

Largest city – Anchorage

Alaska is the least densely populated state

Alaska Highway was constructed as an emergency supply route in WWII and connects the contiguous U.S. to Alaska through Canada. It runs from Dawson Creek, British Columbia to Faribanks, Alaska. Completed in 1943, it is 1,390 miles long

Dalton Highway is a 414-mile road in Alaska. It begins at the Elliott Highway, north of Fairbanks, and ends at Deadhorse near the Arctic Ocean and the Prudhoe Bay oil fields

Barrow is the northernmost settlement on the North American mainland and in the United States. Nearby Point Barrow is the northernmost point of the United States

Disenchantment Bay is in Alaska

Alexander Archipelago is in Alaska

Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve is in Alaska

Attu is the westernmost and largest island in the Near Islands group of the Aleutian Islands of Alaska, and the westernmost point of land relative to Alaska. The island is currently uninhabited. The island was the site of the only World War II land battle fought on an incorporated territory of the United States

Unalaska is an island in the Fox Islands group of the Aleutian Islands

Yakutat City in Alaska is the largest city by area in USA

Mount Aniakchak is a volcanic caldera located in the Aleutian Range of Alaska

Kodiak Island – second largest island in USA, behind Big Island, Hawaii

Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race is an annual long-distance sled dog race run in March from Anchorage to Nome

'''Arizona''' (AZ)

Capital and largest city – Phoenix

Painted Desert is in Arizona. The desert is composed of stratified layers of easily erodible siltstone, mudstone, and shale. These fine grained rock layers contain abundant iron and manganese compounds which provide the pigments for the various colours of the region

The Wave is a spectacular sandstone formation on the slopes of the Coyote Buttes in the Paria Canyon-Vermilion Cliffs Wilderness Area, located in Arizona

Meteor crater is in Arizona. Scientists refer to the crater as Barringer Crater in honour of Daniel Barringer who was first to suggest that it was produced by meteorite impact

Petrified Forest National Park is in Arizona

London Bridge in Lake Havasu City, Arizona, is the reconstruction of the 1831 London Bridge designed by John Rennie until it was dismantled in 1967. The bridge was bought by Robert P. McCulloch from the City of London

'''Arkansas''' (AR)

Capital and largest city – Little Rock

Mississippi River forms most of the eastern border of Arkansas

Hot Springs National Park is in Arkansas

'''California''' (CA)

Capital – Sacramento

Largest city – Los Angeles

'''Los Angeles''' Aqueduct system comprising the Los Angeles Aqueduct (Owens Valley aqueduct) and the Second Los Angeles Aqueduct delivers water from the Owens River in the Eastern Sierra Nevada Mountains into the city of Los Angeles. Designed by William Mulholland. Completed in 1913

St. Francis Dam was a gravity dam built as a large reservoir near the city of Los Angeles. The dam was built between 1924 and 1926 under the supervision of William Mulholland, an engineer for the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power. In 1928, the dam catastrophically failed

La Brea Tar Pits are a cluster of tar pits located in Hancock Park in the urban heart of Los Angeles. Over many centuries, animals that came to drink the water fell in, sank in the tar, and were preserved as bones. The George C. Page Museum is dedicated to researching the tar pits and displaying specimens from the animals that died there

Los Angeles is known as ‘the big orange’

Griffith Observatory is in Los Angeles. Sitting on the south-facing slope of Mount Hollywood in L.A.'s Griffith Park, it commands a view of the Los Angeles Basin

Grauman's Chinese Theatre is a movie theatre located at 6925 Hollywood Boulevard in Hollywood. It is located along the historic Hollywood Walk of Fame. From 1973 through 2001, the theatre was known as Mann's Chinese Theatre

The Hollywood sign originally read ‘HOLLYWOODLAND’, and its purpose was to advertise a new housing development

Sunset Strip is the name given to the 2.4 km stretch of Sunset Boulevard that passes through West Hollywood

Crystal Cathedral campus is a Christian megachurch in the city of Garden Grove, within Orange County in Southern California

John Wayne airport is in Orange County

John Paul Getty museum is in Malibu

'''San Francisco''' cable cars are the world’s only mobile National Monument

Golden Gate Bridge designed by Joseph Strauss in 1937

The eastern span replacement of the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge is currently scheduled to open to traffic in 2013

Yerba Buena Island connects the western and eastern spans of the Bay Bridge

The Immigration Station on Angel Island in San Francisco Bay processed approximately one million Asian immigrants and has been designated a National Historic Landmark

'''San Diego''' International Airport is on the site of a municipal airport named Lindbergh Field

San Diego has one of the world’s largest zoos

John Sutter founded the city of Sacramento, first naming it New Helvetia, the ancient name of Switzerland

Neverland, formerly the Sycamore Valley Ranch, is in Santa Barbara County

Hearst Castle is a National Historic Landmark mansion. It was designed by architect Julia Morgan between 1919 and 1947 for newspaper magnate William Randolph Hearst, who died in 1951

Lassen Volcanic National Park is in central northern California. The dominant feature of the park is Lassen Peak; the largest plug dome volcano in the world and the southern-most volcano in the Cascade Range. Lassen Volcanic National Park started as two separate national monuments designated by President Theodore Roosevelt in 1907: Cinder Cone National Monument and Lassen Peak National Monument

El Capitan is a 1000m vertical rock formation in Yosemite National Park, located on the north side of Yosemite Valley, near its western end. The granite monolith is one of the world's favorite challenges for rock climbers

Mono Lake, California contains bacteria that grow in high concentrations of arsenic

Sutter Buttes in California are sometimes referred to as the world's smallest mountain range

Point Reyes is a prominent cape and popular tourist destination on the Pacific coast of northern California. It is located in Marin County

Largest county by area – San Bernadino County, California

'''Colorado''' (CO)

Capital and largest city – Denver

Mount Elbert is highest mountain in Rockies

Colorado is known as the Centennial state because it was admitted to the Union in 1876

Colorado River was known as the Grand River until 1921

Colorado River drains into the Gulf of California

Mesa Verde National Park is a U.S. National Park and UNESCO World Heritage Site located in Montezuma County, Colorado. The park features numerous ruins of homes and villages built by the ancient Pueblo people known as the Anasazi. The Anasazi made this stone village their home in the 1200s, before being killed off by drought in 13th century

Monarch Pass is in Colorado

Pikes Peak in the Rocky Mountains is higher than any point in the United States east of its longitude

'''Connecticut''' (CT)

Capital – Hartford

Largest city – Bridgeport

Dinosaur State Park and Arboretum is in Connecticut

'''Delaware''' (DE)

Capital – Dover

Largest city – Wilmington

Delaware is divided into three counties, named New Castle, Kent, and Sussex

'''Florida''' (FL)

Capital – Tallahassee

Largest city – Jacksonville

Florida is the US state most affected by lightning

Miami has the largest collection of Art Deco architecture in the world

St Augustine is the oldest continuously occupied European-established city, and the oldest port, in the continental United States

Fort Lauderdale is known as the ‘Venice of America’

Lake Okeechobee is the largest freshwater lake in Florida

St. Petersburg is the second largest city in the Tampa Bay Area

Orlando is nicknamed ‘The City Beautiful’ and its symbol is the fountain at Lake Eola

Orlando attracts over 51 million tourists a year (3.6 million of them are international tourists)

Epcot is a theme park in the Walt Disney World Resort, located near Orlando

Spaceship Earth is a structure of Epcot. One of the most recognizable structures at the Walt Disney World Resort, it is not only the centerpiece and main focal point of Epcot, but also the name of the attraction housed within the 18-story geodesic sphere that takes guests on a time machine themed experience using the Omnimover system

Sunshine Skyway Bridge in Florida destroyed in 1980 when hit by a ship

Three counties in the Tampa region are known as “sinkhole alley”

Florida's peninsula is made up of porous carbonate rocks such as limestone that store and help move groundwater. Dirt, sand and clay sit on top of the carbonate rock. Over time, these rocks can dissolve from an acid created from oxygen in water, creating a void underneath the limestone roof. When the dirt, clay or sand gets too heavy for the limestone roof, it can collapse and form a sinkhole

'''Georgia''' (GA)

Capital and largest city – Atlanta

Peachtree Street is the main north-south Street of Atlanta

Stone Mountain is a quartz dome monadnock. Stone Mountain is well-known not only for its geology, but also for the enormous bas-relief on its north face, the largest bas-relief in the world. Three figures of the Confederate States of America are carved there: Stonewall Jackson, Robert E. Lee, and Jefferson Davis

Savannah was first state capital of Georgia

'''Hawaii''' (HI)

Capital and largest city – Honolulu

Mount Kilauea is the most active volcano in Hawaii. Kilauea emits large quantities of sulphur dioxide

Hawaiian Islands are an archipelago of eight major islands

Pearl Harbour is on the island of Oahu

Honolulu is on Oahu

Mauna Kea is taller than Everest when measured from its base; it rises over 10,203 m when measured from its base on the mid-ocean floor, but only attains 4205 m above sea level. Means ‘white mountain’

Mauna Loa is the largest volcano on earth in terms of area covered

Kauai the oldest of the main Hawaiian Islands

Mauna Kea observatory is on Big Island, the largest Hawaiian island

Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) is a volcano observatory located at Uwekahuna Bluff on the rim of Kilauea Caldera on the Island of Hawaii

Hawaii Volcanoes National Park encompasses two active volcanoes: Kilauea, one of the world's most active volcanoes, and Mauna Loa, the world's most massive volcano

Hilo is the main town on The Island of Hawaii, also called the Big Island

Lanai is the sixth-largest of the Hawaiian Islands. It is also known as the Pineapple Island

The Hawaiian Islands were (and continue to be) continuously formed from volcanic activity initiated at an undersea magma source called a hotspot. As the tectonic plate beneath much of the Pacific Ocean moves to the northwest, the hot spot remains stationary, slowly creating new volcanoes

Haleakala is a massive shield volcano that forms more than 75% of the island of Maui

'''Idaho''' (ID)

Capital and largest city – Boise

Craters of the Moon National Monument and Preserve is a national monument and national preserve located in the Snake River Plain in central Idaho

'''Illinois''' (IL)

Capital – Springfield

Largest city – Chicago

The Wrigley Building is a skyscraper located directly across Michigan Avenue from the Tribune Tower on the Magnificent Mile in '''Chicago'''

Fort Dearborn, named in honor of Henry Dearborn, was a United States fort built on the Chicago River in 1803 by troops under Captain John Whistler. The site of the fort is now a Chicago Landmark, part of the Michigan–Wacker Historic District

The loop is the downtown area of Chicago

Chicago is the largest city in Illinois

Chicago is called the “windy city” due to politicians being full of hot air

O’Hare airport in Chicago has the code ORD, as it was previously known as Orchard Field

Tribune Tower is a neo-Gothic building in Chicago. It is the home of the ''Chicago Tribune'' and Tribune Company

Home Insurance Building in Chicago was built in 1884. It was the first building to use structural steel

Sears Tower was designed by Bruce Graham and Fazlur Khan. In 2009, Sears Tower was renamed Willis Tower

LaSalle Street is a major street in Chicago named for Sieur de La Salle, an early explorer of Illinois. The portion that runs through the Chicago Loop is considered to be Chicago's financial district

Oak Ridge Cemetery in Springfield contains Lincoln’s Tomb

'''Indiana''' (IN)

Capital and largest city – Indianapolis

Fort Wayne is the second largest city in Indiana

'''Iowa''' (IA)

Capital and largest city – Des Moines

Maharishi Vedic City is a city in Jefferson County, Iowa

'''Kansas''' (KS)

Capital – Topeka

Largest city – Wichita

Lebanon is the centre of the 48 contiguous states

Boot Hill Museum is in Dodge City

'''Kentucky''' (KY)

Capital – Frankfort

Largest city – Louisville

The Bethlehem, Kentucky post office offers a special postmark during the Christmas season

'''Louisiana''' (LA)

Capital – Baton Rouge

Largest city – New Orleans

Angola Penitentiary is the State Penitentiary in Louisiana, the largest prison in the US, housing 5,000 inmates, and was set up by Isaac Franklin with profits from slave trading

New Orleans is known as “crescent city”

Louis Armstrong airport serves New Orleans

Storyville was the red-light district of New Orleans from 1897 to 1917

'''Maine''' (ME)

Capital – Augusta

Largest city – Portland

Maine is the lobster capital of USA

Hundred-Mile Wilderness is a section of the Appalachian Trail

Mount Katahdin is the highest mountain in Maine

Portland was the former capital of Maine

'''Maryland''' (MD)

Capital – Annapolis

Largest city – Baltimore

Andrews air force base is in Maryland

Goddard Space Flight Centre was established in 1959

'''Massachusetts''' (MA)

Capital and largest city – Boston

'''Boston''' is known as the ‘Athens of the Americas’

Boston has the oldest subway system in US, operational from 1897

The Massachusetts State House is the state capitol of Massachusetts. Located in the state capital of Boston in the Beacon Hill neighborhood, the building has a dome gilded with gold leaf. It was designed by Charles Bulfinch

Leonard P Zakin Bunker Hill Memorial Bridge is in Boston

Boston is known as “Beantown”

Breed's Hill is a glacial drumlin located in the Charlestown section of Boston. It is best known as the location where in 1775, early in the American Revolutionary War, most of the fighting in the Battle of Bunker Hill took place

Tanglewood in Massachusetts is the home of the annual summer Tanglewood Music Festival and the Tanglewood Jazz Festival, and has been the Boston Symphony Orchestra's summer home since 1937

'''Michigan''' (MI)

Capital – Lansing

Largest city – Detroit

Detroit was founded by Antoine Cadillac in 1701

Highland Park Ford Plant in Detroit was designed by Albert Kahn in 1908 and was opened in 1910

Davison freeway in Detroit was the first US freeway

Kalamazoo is in Michigan

Grand Rapids, Michigan was first town to have fluoride added to the water supply

Straits of Mackinac is the narrow waterway separating Michigan's Lower Peninsula from its Upper Peninsula. It connects Lake Michigan and Lake Huron

Mackinac Island is an island and resort area located in Lake Huron

'''Minnesota''' (MN)

Capital – St. Paul

Largest city – Minneapolis

Minnesota is known as the "Land of 10,000 Lakes"

Lake Itasca is a small glacial lake in Minnesota. It is the source of the Mississippi River

Minneapolis bridge collapse in 2007 was on the I-35W

Mall of America located in Bloomington, Minnesota. Opened in 1992, the mall receives over 40 million visitors annually, the most of any mall in the world

'''Mississippi''' (MS)

Capital and largest city – Jackson

Tupelo is in Mississippi

'''Missouri''' (MO)

Capital – Jefferson City

Largest city – Kansas City

Independence in Missouri is known as the ‘Queen City of the Trails’ because it was a point of departure of the California, Oregon and Santa Fe Trails. Independence is also noted as the hometown of President Harry S. Truman

'''Montana''' (MT)

Capital – Helena

Largest city – Billings

Glacier National Park is on the border with the Canadian provinces of Alberta and British Columbia. The park encompasses over 1 million acres (4,000 km2)

Lake Missoula was a prehistoric proglacial lake in western Montana that existed periodically at the end of the last ice age between 15,000 and 13,000 years ago

Egg Mountain is a dinosaur site in Montana. Findings demonstrated for the first time that at least some dinosaurs cared for their young

'''Nebraska''' (NE)

Capital – Lincoln

Largest city – Omaha

''Carhenge'' is a replica of Stonehenge located near the city of Alliance, Nebraska on the High Plains. ''Carhenge'' is formed from vintage American automobiles, all covered with gray spray paint. Built by Jim Reinders

'''Nevada''' (NV)

Capital – Carson City

Largest city – Las Vegas

Area 51 is a military base located in the southern portion of Nevada. It is a focus of modern UFO and conspiracy theories

Great Basin is a desert in Nevada

Boulder City was originally built in 1931 by the Bureau of Reclamation and Six Companies, Inc. as housing for workers who were building Hoover Dam

'''New Hampshire''' (NH)

Capital – Concord

Largest city – Manchester

”Live Free or Die” is the motto of New Hampshire

Bretton Woods is in New Hampshire

Dixville Notch is a village in New Hampshire. The population of the township, all of whom live in the village, was 12 at the 2010 census. The village is known for being one of the first places to declare its results during United States presidential elections

'''New Jersey''' (NJ)

Capital – Trenton

Largest city – Newark

New Jersey is the fourth-smallest state, but the most densely populated

To honour the victims that died on September 11, in 2002 the airport's name was changed from Newark International Airport to Newark Liberty International Airport

'''New Mexico''' (NM)

Capital – Santa Fe

Largest city – Albequerque

Acoma Pueblo, also known as “Sky City”, is a Native American pueblo built on top of a 112 m sandstone mesa in New Mexico. It is one of the oldest continuously inhabited communities in the United States

Sante Fe was formally founded and made a capital in 1610, making it the oldest capital city in what is today the United States

Santa Fe’s full name when founded was “The Royal Town of the Holy Faith of St. Francis of Assisi”

Georgia O’Keeffe Museum is in Santa Fe

Albuquerque is on the Rio Grande

National Museum of Nuclear Science & History (formerly named National Atomic Museum) is located in Albuquerque

Chaco Culture National Historical Park is in New Mexico. Evidence of archaeoastronomy at Chaco has been proposed, with the Sun Dagger petroglyph at Fajada Butte a popular example

Bisti Badlands are in New Mexico

'''New York''' (NY)

Capital – Albany

Largest city – New York

'''New York''' is built on a bedrock of schist

New Amsterdam became New York in 1664

Carnegie Hall is located at 881 Seventh Avenue and was designed by architect William Burnet Tuthill and built by philanthropist Andrew Carnegie in 1891

Madison Avenue is associated with advertising

Wall Street extends from Broadway to the East River

The Hotel Chelsea is a well-known residence for artists, musicians, and writers in the neighbourhood of Chelsea in Manhattan

Times Square is used to be called Longacre Square. Renamed in honour of the New York Times

St. Patrick’s is a gothic-style Catholic cathedral in New York

St. John the Divine is the cathedral of the Episcopal Diocese of New York

The Russian Tea Room is a restaurant in New York, located at 150 West 57th Street between Carnegie Hall Tower and Metropolitan Tower

Algonquin Hotel in Manhattan opened in 1902, and was designed by architect Goldwin Starrett

Sixth Avenue is the Avenue of the Americas

Rockefeller Center is a complex of 19 commercial buildings covering 22 acres between 48th and 51st Streets in New York City. Built by the Rockefeller family, it is located in the center of Midtown Manhattan, spanning between Fifth Avenue and Seventh Avenue. It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1987. The centerpiece of Rockefeller Center is the GE Building at 30 Rockefeller Plaza (‘30 Rock’), formerly known as the RCA Building

The Bowery is in the southern portion of Manhattan. Home of many music halls in the 19th century, the Bowery later became notable for its economic depression

After the destruction of the World Trade Center, the Chrysler Building was again the second-tallest building in New York City until December 2007, when the spire was raised on the 1,200 foot Bank of America Tower, pushing the Chrysler Building into third position. In addition, The New York Times Building, which opened in 2007, is exactly level with the Chrysler Building in height

4 World Trade Center (also known by its street address, 150 Greenwich Street) will be 978 feet tall

One World Trade Center (formerly known as the Freedom Tower) occupies the former location of the original 6 World Trade Center. The spire reaches 1776 feet. Designed by David Childs of Skidmore, Owings and Merrill. Tallest building in the western hemisphere

Exchange Place is the subway station at Ground Zero

Times Square Ball is a time ball located atop the One Times Square building, primarily utilized as part of New Year's Eve celebrations held in Times Square

Brill Building in Manhattan is famous for housing music industry offices and studios where some of the most popular American music tunes were written

John D Rockefeller financed the building of the United Nations headquarters

Park51, originally named Cordoba House, is a planned $100 million, 13-story, glass and steel Islamic community centre and mosque in Lower Manhattan

Flatiron Building was originally called the Fuller Building. Located at 175 Fifth Avenue

In 1857 a landscape design contest was held for the design of Central Park. Frederick Law Olmsted and Calvert Vaux developed what came to be known as the Greensward Plan, which was selected as the winning design

Harlem is a district in Manhattan

Gracie Mansion – home of New York mayor

The Morgan Library & Museum (formerly The Pierpont Morgan Library) is a museum and research library in New York City. It was founded to house the private library of JP Morgan in 1906

TriBeCa is a neighborhood in downtown Manhattan. The name is a syllabic abbreviation of ‘Triangle Below Canal Street.’ It runs roughly from Canal Street south to Park Place, and from the Hudson River east to Broadway

Hell’s Kitchen is a district of New York

The Hell Gate Bridge (originally the New York Connecting Railroad Bridge) is a steel arch railroad bridge between Astoria in the borough of Queens and Randalls and Wards Islands (which are now joined into one island and are politically parts of Manhattan) in New York City, over a portion of the East River known as Hell Gate. Designed by Gustav Lindenthal

JFK Airport is on Long Island. Known as Idlewild until 1963, one month after the assassination of JFK

Statue of Liberty is made of steel and copper, and was transported on the French frigate Isere. It was designed by Bartholdi and Eiffel, who supervised the inner framework. It was erected in 1886. A ceremony of dedication was held on the afternoon of October 28, 1886. President Grover Cleveland, the former New York governor, presided over the event. Full name –‘Liberty Enlightening the World’

The first immigrant to pass through Ellis Island was Annie Moore, a 15-year-old girl from Cork, Ireland, on 1 January 1892. The last person to pass through Ellis Island was a Norwegian merchant seaman by the name of Arne Peterssen in 1954. Since 1990, restored buildings on the island host a museum of immigration run by the National Park Service as part of the Statue of Liberty National Monument

Ellis Island was sometimes known as The Island of Tears or Heartbreak Island because of those 2% who were not admitted after the long transatlantic voyage

Staten Island is connected to Brooklyn by Verrazano Narrows Bridge, over the Hudson River. Opened in 1964

The west end of Long Island has the New York City boroughs of Brooklyn (Kings County) and Queens (Queens County)

New York City is often referred to collectively as The Five Boroughs – Bronx, Brooklyn, Manhattan, Queens and Staten Island

High Line is a linear park built on a section of the former elevated New York Central Railroad spur called the West Side Line, which runs along the lower west side of Manhattan

New York subway opened in 1904

Washington Arch is a marble triumphal arch in Washington Square Park, Greenwich Village, celebrating the centennial of George Washington’s inauguration

Pearl Street Station was the first central power plant in the United States. It was located at 255-257 Pearl Street in Manhattan. it started generating electricity in 1882

George Washington Bridge, connecting Manhattan to New Jersey, carries approximately 102 million vehicles per year, making it the world's busiest motor vehicle bridge

Empire State Building completed in 1931.1250’ high. Designed by Shreve, Lamb and Harmon

Brooklyn Bridge crosses the East river. Designed by John Roebling. Opened in 1883

Levittown on Long Island was founded by William Levitt, who built the district as a planned community between 1947 and 1951. William Levitt is considered the father of modern suburbia. Levittown was the first truly mass-produced suburb and is widely regarded as the archetype for postwar suburbs throughout the country

Staten Island was named in honor of the Dutch parliament known as the Staten-Generaal

Long Island is the most populated island in any U.S. state or territory, and the 17th-most populous island in the world. Both the longest and the largest island in the contiguous United States, Long Island extends 190 km eastward from New York Harbor to Montauk Point

Yonkers – city in New York. Name derived from Adriaen van der Donck

Lake Placid is in the Adirondack Mountains in upstate New York (the biggest national park in the US outside Alaska)

Erie Canal – a man-made waterway in New York that runs about 363 miles from Albany on the Hudson River to Buffalo at Lake Erie, completing a navigable water route from the Atlantic Ocean to the Great Lakes. First proposed in 1808, it was under officially opened in1825

'''North Carolina''' (NC)

Capital – Raleigh

Largest city – Charlotte

Roanoke Island is best known for its historical significance as the site of Sir Walter Raleigh's attempt to establish a permanent English settlement with his Roanoke Colony in 1585 and 1587. The fate of the final group of colonists has never been determined, yielding persistent myths about the “Lost Colony”

Charlotte is named in honour of the German Princess Charlotte of Mecklenburg, who had become queen consort of King George III

Mount Mitchell State Park includes the peak of Mount Mitchell, the highest peak east of the Mississippi River

Fort Bragg is a large United States Army installation

'''North Dakota''' (ND)

Capital – Bismarck

Largest city – Fargo

'''Ohio''' (OH)

Capital and largest city – Columbus

Cleveland is the second largest city in Ohio

Cincinnati is the third largest city in Ohio

Cincinnati was named after the Roman general Cincinnatus, and is on the River Ohio

'''Oklahoma''' (OK)

Capital and largest city – Oklahoma City

Will Rogers World Airport serves Oklahoma City

Tallgrass Prairie Preserve is protected as the largest tract of remaining tallgrass prairie in the world

'''Oregon''' (OR)

Capital – Salem

Largest city – Portland

Crater Lake is a caldera lake in Oregon. It is the main feature of Crater Lake National Park. The lake was formed around 7,700 years ago by the collapse of the volcano Mount Mazama. Crater Lake is the deepest lake in the United States, and the second deepest lake in North America (Great Slave Lake is the deepest)

Mount Hood is the highest point in Oregon

Oregon is slightly larger than UK

'''Pennsylvania''' (PA)

Capital – Harrisburg

Largest city – Philadelphia

Dating back to 1829, the Eastern State Penitentiary in Philadelphia has housed some of America's most dangerous criminals including Al Capone

Pittsburgh was named after William Pitt the Elder

The characteristic shape of Pittsburgh's central business district is a triangular tract carved by the confluence of the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers, which form the Ohio River

Heinz Hall for the Performing Arts is concert hall located in Pittsburgh

Three Mile Island is in the Susquehanna River, near Harrisburg

'''Rhode Island''' (RI)

Capital and largest city – Providence

Rhode Island is the smallest in area, the eighth least populous, but the second most densely populated of the 50 US states

'''South Carolina''' (SC)

Capital and largest city – Colombia

Charleston is the oldest and second largest city in South Carolina

'''South Dakota''' (SD)

Capital – Pierre

Largest city – Sioux Falls

The Crazy Horse Memorial is a mountain monument in progress in the Black Hills of South Dakota that when complete will be the world's largest sculpture. It is named after the Lakota warrior Crazy Horse. The monument is being carved out of Thunderhead Mountain on land considered sacred by some Native Americans, between Custer and Hill City, roughly 8 miles away from Mount Rushmore. Crazy Horse Memorial was begun in 1948 by sculptor Korczak Ziolkowski

Mount Rushmore features 60’ sculptures of the heads of former United States presidents (in order from left to right) George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Theodore Roosevelt and Abraham Lincoln

Badlands National Park is in South Dakota

Mammoth Site is a museum and paleontological site near Hot Springs, South Dakota. It contains the remains of fauna and flora preserved by entrapment in a karst sinkhole during the Pleistocene era

'''Tennessee''' (TN)

Capital – Nashville

Largest city – Memphis

Graceland is a mansion on an estate in Memphis that was home to Elvis Presley

In 1942, the United States Federal Government chose Oak Ridge, Tennessee as a site for developing materials for the Manhattan Project

Nashville is the second largest city in Tennessee, and is known as “Music City”

'''Texas''' (TX)

Capital – Austin

Largest city – Houston

Texas is the second most populous (after California) and the second largest of the 50 U.S. states (after Alaska)

Houston was named after former General Sam Houston, who was president of the Republic of Texas

Austin is named after Stephen F. Austin, known as the father of Texas

Austin's official slogan is “The Live Music Capital of the World”. The city has a vibrant live music scene with more music venues per capita than any other U.S. city. Austin's music revolves around the many nightclubs on 6th Street and an annual film / music / multimedia festival known as South by Southwest

The Alamo is in San Antonio, the second largest city in Texas

Bracken Cave, San Antonio is home to 40 million bats

Dallas is the third largest city in Texas

The the Dallas–Fort Worth–Arlington metropolitan area is known as The Metroplex

Padre Island (the world's longest barrier island) is located on Texas's southern coast of the Gulf of Mexico and is famous for its white sandy beaches at the south end

'''Utah''' (UT)

Capital and largest city – Salt Lake City

Bryce Canyon National Park is a national park located in southwestern Utah. Despite its name, this is not actually a canyon, but rather a giant natural amphitheatre created by erosion along the eastern side of the Paunsaugunt Plateau. Bryce is distinctive due to its geological structures, called hoodoos

Moab desert is in Utah

A prominent feature of the Zion National Park is Zion Canyon, which is 15 miles long and up to half a mile deep, cut through the reddish and tan-colored Navajo Sandstone by the North Fork of the Virgin River

Arches National Park is located on the Colorado River. It is known for containing over 2,000 natural sandstone arches, including the world-famous Delicate Arch

Great Salt Lake is the largest salt water lake in the Western Hemisphere, and the fourth-largest terminal lake in the world

'''Vermont''' (VT)

Capital – Montpelier

Largest city – Burlington

Vermont is the second least populous state. Montpelier has a population of under 8,000 making it the least populous state capital in the country

'''Virginia''' (VA)

Capital – Richmond

Largest city- Virginia Beach

Rappahannock River in Virginia was considered to have been the boundary between the North and the South in the Civil War

Hampton Roads is the name of both a body of water and the region of land areas which surround it in southeastern Virginia. Hampton Roads is notable for its year-round ice-free harbour, for U.S. Navy, Air Force, NASA, Marine, and Army facilities, shipyards, coal piers, and hundreds of miles of waterfront property and beaches

Mount Vernon, located near Alexandria, Virginia, was the plantation home of George Washington. The key to the Bastille hangs in the hall – it was sent to Washington by Lafayette in 1790. The remains of George and Martha Washington, as well as other family members, are entombed on the grounds

Monticello, located near Charlottesville, was the estate of Thomas Jefferson. Means “the little mountain”

Colonial Williamsburg is the historic district of the city of Williamsburg, Virginia. It consists of buildings that from 1699 to 1780 formed colonial Virginia's capital

The Native Americans called the James River the Powhatan River. The English colonists named it ‘James’ after King James I of England, as they also constructed their first permanent English settlement in the Americas in 1607 at Jamestown, Virginia, along the banks of the James River

Designed by the American architect George Bergstrom, and built by contractor John McShain, the Pentagon was dedicated on 15 January1943, after ground was broken for construction in1941. Located in Arlington County, Virginia, the Pentagon is the world's largest office building by floor area

Arlington National Cemetery in Virginia is a military cemetery, established during the American Civil War on the grounds of Arlington House, formerly the estate of the family of Confederate general Robert E. Lee's wife Mary Anna (Custis) Lee, a great grand-daughter of Martha Washington. The cemetery is situated directly across the Potomac River from the Lincoln Memorial in Washington

Quantico, Virginia is the site of one of the largest U.S. Marine Corps bases in the world

'''Washington''' (WA)

Capital – Olympia

Largest city – Seattle

Washington is the only US state named after a former president

Space Needle was built for 1962 World Fair in Seattle. Designed by John Graham

Seattle is known as the “Emerald City”

Fremont, Seattle was at one time a centre of the counterculture. The neighborhood remains home to a controversial statue of Lenin salvaged from Slovakia by a local art lover

Mount Rainier is a massive stratovolcano located 54 miles southeast of Seattle. It is the most prominent mountain in the contiguous United States and the Cascade Volcanic Arc

Mount Baker is an active glaciated stratovolcano in the Cascade Volcanic Arc and the North Cascades of Washington State

Grand Coulee Dam is a hydroelectric gravity dam on the Columbia River in Washington. It is the largest electric power producing facility and the largest concrete structure in the United States. The reservoir is called Franklin Delano Roosevelt Lake

Channeled Scablands are an erosion feature in Washington

'''West Virginia''' (WV)

Capital and largest city – Charleston

West Virginia is located entirely within the Appalachian Region, and the state is almost entirely mountainous

'''Wisconsin''' (WI)

Madison is the capital of Wisconsin

Milwaukee is the largest city of Wisconsin

Wisconsin is second to Michigan in the length of its Great Lakes coastline.

Wisconsin is known as “America's Dairyland” because it is one of the nation's leading dairy producers, particularly famous for cheese

'''Wyoming''' (WY)

Capital and largest city – Cheyenne

Wyoming is the least populous and the second least densely populated state

Teton Range is a mountain range of the Rocky Mountains. A north-south range, it is on the Wyoming side of the state's border with Idaho, just south of Yellowstone National Park. The principal summit of the central massif is Grand Teton

President Theodore Roosevelt established the first national monument, Devils Tower in Wyoming, in 1906

Ulysses S Grant made Yellowstone the first National Park in 1872

'''Washington, D.C.''', formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, is the capital of the United States. The signing of the Residence Act in 1790, approved the creation of a capital district located along the Potomac River on the country's East Coast. The states of Maryland and Virginia each donated land to form the federal district, which included the pre-existing settlements of Georgetown and Alexandria. Named in honor of George Washington, the City of Washington was founded in 1791 to serve as the new national capital

White House address is 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue, Washington. The house was designed by Irish-born James Hoban and built between 1792 and 1800 of white-painted Aquia Creek sandstone in the Neoclassical style. In 1814, during the War of 1812, the mansion was set ablaze by the British Army

Lafayette Park is overlooked by the White House

Statue of Freedom is a 6 m high statue on top of Capitol building

Washington has no skyscrapers

Washington Monument is tallest structure in Washington

Lincoln Memorial was completed in 1922. Designed by Henry Bacon

Jefferson Memorial is a neoclassical building designed by John Russell Pope

Korean War Veterans Memorial is located in West Potomac Park, southeast of the Lincoln Memorial and just south of the Reflecting Pool on the National Mall. It was dedicated in 1995

Vietnam Veterans Memorial, which was completed in 1982, is in Constitution Gardens adjacent to the National Mall, just northeast of the Lincoln Memorial

The Smithsonian Institution is the largest museum complex in the world. It operates 19 museums and the National Zoo

The Willard InterContinental Washington is an historic luxury hotel located two blocks east of the White House

Dumbarton Oaks is a historic estate in the Georgetown neighbourhood

K Street is notorious for the density of its lobbying firms

Cascade Range is a major mountain range of western North America, extending from southern British Columbia through Washington and Oregon to Northern California. Includes Mount St Helens. Highest point is Mount Rainier

Allegheny Mountain Range is part of the Appalachian Mountain Range of the eastern United States and Canada. It runs for over 500 miles from north-central Pennsylvania, through western Maryland and eastern West Virginia, to southwestern Virginia

Ozark Mountains are between Appalachians and Rockies

Cumberland Gap is a pass through the Cumberland Mountains region of the Appalachian Mountains. Famous in American history for its role as one key passageway through the lower central Appalachians, it was an important part of the Wilderness Road

Chesapeake Bay is the largest inlet off the Atlantic coast, and has coastlines on Virginia and Maryland

Buffalo, Cleveland, Detroit and Toledo are all on Lake Erie

Hoover Dam, once known as Boulder Dam, is a concrete arch-gravity dam in the Black Canyon of the Colorado River, on the border between Arizona and Nevada. It was constructed between 1931 and 1936 and designed by Frank Crowe. Produces hydroelectric power. Hoover Dam impounds Lake Mead, the largest reservoir in the United States by volume

Lake Powell is a man-made reservoir on the Colorado River, straddling the border between Utah and Arizona. It is the second largest man-made reservoir in the United States behind Lake Mead

Missouri and Tennessee have borders with eight other states

I-90 is the longest interstate highway in the United States at nearly 3100 miles, and runs from Boston to Seattle

Four of the constituent states of the United States officially designate themselves Commonwealths: Kentucky, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, and Virginia

Most common US city name is Franklin (17)

Sea Islands are a chain of 100 tidal and barrier islands, located between the mouths of the Santee and St. Johns Rivers along the coast of South Carolina, Georgia and Florida

Appalachian Trail extends between Springer Mountain in Georgia and Mount Katahdin in Maine. It is approximately 2,181 miles long

Susquehanna River is the longest river entirely within the USA that drains into the Atlantic Ocean

Missouri River is known as ‘the big muddy’

First state capital alphabetically – Albany

Last state capital alphabetically – Trenton

Route 66, also known as the Will Rogers Highway, is colloquially known as the Main Street of America. One of the original U.S. Highways, Route 66 was established on 11 November 1926, with road signs erected the following year. The highway originally ran from Chicago, Illinois, through Missouri, Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, and California, before ending at Los Angeles, covering a total of 2,448 miles

Delaware Bay is bordered by Delaware and New Jersey

Lookout Mountain is located at the northwest corner of Georgia, the northeast corner of Alabama, and along the southern border of Tennessee at Chattanooga

Most populous counties – 1st Los Angeles County, 2nd Cook County, Illinois, 3rd Harris County, Texas

Great Basin – the largest area of contiguous endorheic watersheds in North America. It is noted for both its arid conditions and its Basin and range topography that varies from the North American low point at Badwater Basin to the highest point of the contiguous United States, less than 100 miles away at the summit of Mount Whitney

Okefenokee Swamp is a shallow 1770 km² peat-filled wetland straddling the Georgia–Florida border. Okefenokee is the largest "blackwater" swamp in North America

Lake Michigan is the only Great Lake entirely in USA

Supai Group is a slope-forming section of red bed deposits found in the Grand Canyon

Four Corners is a region consisting of the southwestern corner of Colorado, northwestern corner of New Mexico, northeastern corner of Arizona, and southeastern corner of Utah. The Four Corners area is named after the quadripoint where the boundaries of the four states meet, where the Four Corners Monument is located Connecticut River is the longest river in New England. Forms the boundary between Vermont and New Hampshire

Snake River is the largest tributary of the Columbia River, and the largest North American river that empties into the Pacific Ocean

Green River is the chief tributary of the Colorado River

Missouri River is the longest river in North America. Rising in the Rocky Mountains of western Montana, the Missouri flows east and south for 2341 miles before entering the Mississippi River north of St. Louis. Flows through Bismarck and Pierre

Compact of Free Association (COFA) is a type of diplomatic relationship that an independent country has with the United States of America, as an associated country. Presently, there are three sovereign states that have this type of relationship with the United States. They are the Federated States of Micronesia, the Republic of the Marshall Islands and the Republic of Palau. Presently sovereign countries, the three freely associated states were formerly part of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands

United States Minor Outlying Islands consist of eight United States insular areas in the Pacific Ocean (Baker Island, Howland Island, Jarvis Island, Johnston Atoll, Kingman Reef, Midway Islands, Palmyra Atoll, and Wake Island) and one in the Caribbean Sea (Navassa Island)

Canada

Canada was known as La Nouvelle France

Canada produces 35% of world’s uranium

Canada consists of ten provinces and three territories

Canadian Prairies – the provinces of Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba

Maritime Provinces of Canada – New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island

Atlantic Provinces of Canada – New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, and Newfoundland and Labrador

Alberta and Saskatchewan are the only landlocked provinces

St. Lawrence Seaway permits ocean-going vessels to travel from the Atlantic Ocean to the North American Great Lakes, as far as Lake Superior. Opened in 1959

Provinces –

'''Alberta'''

Capital – Edmonton

Largest city – Calgary

Calgary is third largest city in Canada

Jasper national park is in Alberta

Alberta is named after Princess Louise Caroline Alberta, the fourth daughter of Victoria, the Queen of Canada and Albert, Prince Consort

Banff National Park is Canada's oldest national park, established in 1885, in the Canadian Rockies

Lake Louise is in Banff National Park Alberta

Banff is named by George Stephen, president of the Canadian Pacific Railway, recalling his birthplace in Banffshire, Scotland

Medicine Hat, known to locals as ‘The Hat’, is a city located in the province of Alberta. Its major claim to fame is Rudyard Kipling's famous line ‘all hell for a basement’ referring to the vast reserves of natural gas beneath it

Most of the oil sands (tar sands) of Canada are located in northern Alberta

'''British Columbia'''

Capital – Victoria

Largest city – Vancouver

Burgess Shale Formation, located in the Canadian Rockies of British Columbia, is one of the world's most celebrated fossil fields. It is famous for the exceptional preservation of the soft parts of its fossils. It is 505 million years (Middle Cambrian) old

The Queen Charlotte Islands or Haida Gwaii (‘Islands of the People’) are an archipelago off the northwest coast of British Columbia consisting of two main islands, Graham Island in the North, and Moresby Island in the south

'''Manitoba'''

Capital and largest city – Winnipeg

Churchill is a town on the shore of Hudson Bay in Manitoba. It is known as the ‘Polar Bear Capital of the World’

Winnipeg lies at the bottom of the Red River Valley

'''New Brunswick'''

Capital – Fredericton

Largest city – Saint John

New Brunswick is named for the city of Braunschweig in Lower Saxony. Braunschweig is the ancestral home of George I

'''Newfoundland and Labrador'''

Capital and largest city – St. John’s

Gander International Airport in Newfoundland opened in 1938 and within a few years was the largest in the world

'''Nova Scotia'''

Capital and largest city – Halifax

Sable Island, situated off the coast of Nova Scotia, is known as the “graveyard of the Atlantic”

'''Ontario'''

Capital and largest city – Toronto

Lester B Pearson airport serves Toronto

Toronto is on Lake Ontario, and is the most populous city in Canada

Toronto was known as York until 1834

CN Tower in Toronto was completed in 1976, becoming the world's tallest free-standing structure and world's tallest tower at the time.1815’ tall. Designed by Neil Baldwin

Ottawa was founded in 1826 as Bytown

Rideau Canal connects the city of Ottawa, on the Ottawa River to the city of Kingston, Ontario, on Lake Ontario. Rideau Canal Skateway in Ottawa is the world's largest skating rink at 7.8 km long

Thunder Bay is the most populous city on Lake Superior

Welland Canal connects Lake Ontario and Lake Erie. As a part of the St. Lawrence Seaway, this canal enables ships to ascend and descend the Niagara Escarpment and to bypass the Niagara Falls

Sudbury Basin is the second-largest impact crater on Earth

'''Prince Edward Island'''

Capital and largest city – Charlottetown

Charlottetown is named after Queen Charlotte, the wife of George III

Prince Edward Island is the smallest Canadian province in both area and population

'''Quebec'''

Capital – Quebec City

Largest city – Montreal

Mirabelle airport serves Montreal

Montreal is the second most populous city in Canada

Montreal covers most of the Island of Montreal at the confluence of the Saint Lawrence and Ottawa Rivers

Jacques Cartier Bridge is a steel truss cantilever bridge crossing the Saint Lawrence River from Montreal Island, Montreal, Quebec to the south shore at Longueuil, Quebec

Opened in 1859, Victoria Bridge was the first to span the St. Lawrence River, linking Montreal to the south shore city of Saint-Lambert

Montreal is known as the City of Saints

Quebec City was founded in 1608 by Samuel de Champlain

Plains of Abraham is a historic area in Quebec City

'''Saskatchewan'''

Capital – Regina

Largest city – Saskatoon

Saskatchewan is the only Canadian province with four straight boundaries

Territories –

'''Northwest Territories'''

Capital and largest city – Yellowknife

Yellowknife is named after the local Yellowknives Dene First Nation

Great Bear Lake is the largest lake in Canada, the fourth largest in North America, and the eighth largest in the world

Great Slave Lake is the deepest lake in North America

Mackenzie River originates in Great Slave Lake, in the Northwest Territories, and flows north into the Arctic Ocean. It is the longest river in Canada at 1,738 km. It was originally named Disappointment River

'''Nunavut'''

Capital and largest city – Iqaluit

Nunavut is the largest and newest territory of Canada; it was separated officially from the Northwest Territories in 1999. The creation of Nunavut resulted in the first major change to Canada's map since the incorporation of the new province of Newfoundland (including Labrador) in 1949. The capital Iqaluit (formerly Frobisher Bay) on Baffin Island, in the east, was chosen in 1995

A member of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, Bathurst Island is one of the Queen Elizabeth Islands in Nunavut Territory

Devon Island, claimed to be the largest uninhabited island on Earth, is located in Baffin Bay

Davis Strait separates Baffin Island from Greenland. The strait was named for the English explorer John Davis, who explored the area while seeking a Northwest Passage

'''Yukon'''

Capital and largest city – Whitehorse

Dawson served as the Yukon's capital from the territory's founding in 1898 until 1952, when the seat was moved to Whitehorse

Bay of Fundy is on the northeast end of the Gulf of Maine between the Canadian provinces of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia, with a small portion touching the state of Maine. Bay of Fundy has the highest tides in the world

Lake Athabasca is located in the northwest corner of Saskatchewan and the northeast corner of Alberta. Athabasca means ‘lake of the hills’

Aspen parkland refers to a transitional biome between prairie and boreal forest stretching from northeastern British Columbia through central and northwestern Alberta, central Saskatchewan to central and southern Manitoba. Aspen parkland consists of groves of aspen poplars and spruce interspersed with areas of prairie grasslands

Lake Winnipeg and Lake Manitoba are remnants of prehistoric Glacial Lake Agassiz

Manitoulin Island in Lake Huron is the largest island in a freshwater lake in the world

Lake Manitou is the largest lake on Manitoulin Island. It is the largest lake on a freshwater island in the world

Labrador Peninsula includes the region of Labrador, which is part of the province of Newfoundland and Labrador, and parts of Quebec

Victoria Island in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago straddles the boundary between Nunavut and the Northwest Territories. It is Canada's second largest island, after Baffin Island

Queen Elizabeth Islands are the northernmost cluster of islands in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, split between Nunavut and Northwest Territories. Ellesmere Island is the largest of the Queen Elizabeth Islands

Mexico

With an estimated population of over 113 million, Mexico is the eleventh most populous and the most populous Spanish-speaking country in the world and the second most populous country in Latin America. It is the tenth largest oil producer in the world, and the largest silver producer in the world

The Greater '''Mexico City''' population is 21.2 million people, making it the largest metropolitan area in the western hemisphere

Torre Mayor is a skyscraper in Mexico City. With a height of 225 m, it is the tallest building in Latin America

Soumaya Museum in Mexico City contains a large collection of casts of sculptures by Auguste Rodin. It is owned by the Carlos Slim Foundation

Chicxulub Crater is an ancient impact crater buried underneath the Yucatán Peninsula, with its center located near the town of Chicxulub. The crater is over 180 kilometers in diameter, making the feature one of the largest confirmed impact structures in the world; the asteroid or comet whose impact formed the crater was at least 10 km in diameter. The impact associated with the crater is implicated in causing the extinction of the dinosaurs as suggested by the K–T boundary, 65 million years ago

Chichen Itza is a large pre-Columbian archaeological site built by the Maya civilization, located in the northern centre of the Yucatan Peninsula. Dominating the centre of Chichen is the Temple of Kukulcan (the Maya name for Quetzalcoatl), often referred to as “El Castillo” (the castle). This step pyramid with a ground plan of square terraces has stairways up each of the four sides to the temple on top

The city of Veracruz is a major port city and municipality on the Gulf of Mexico in the Mexican state of Veracruz

Naica Mine of the Mexican state of Chihuahua is a working mine that is known for its extraordinary selenite (a variety of gypsum) crystals in the Cave of the Crystals

Guadalajara Metropolitan Area is the second largest in the country after Greater Mexico City

Juarez is called "the most violent zone in the world outside of declared war zones”

Palanque is a Maya city state in Southern Mexico that flourished in the 7th century

Tula, in the state of Hidalgo, was the ancient capital of the Toltecs. The city was destroyed in the 12th century

Chihuahua is the largest state of Mexico

Gulf of California (also known as the Sea of Cortez) is a body of water that separates the Baja California Peninsula from the Mexican mainland

Popocatepetl is the second highest peak in Mexico, after the Pico de Orizaba. The name Popocatepetl comes from the Nahuatl words for ‘Smoking Mountain’

Paricutin is a dormant volcano in Mexico. It is thought to be the youngest volcano in the world

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Art and Culture/Wars and Battles - 20th C

2021-04-22T11:44:07Z

Admin: Created page with "{| class="wikitable" |War |Campaign |Date Started |Date Ended | colspan="2" |Protaganists | colspan="7" |Major Battles/Sieges | | colspan="2" |Treaty/Armistice |Comments |- |..."

{| class="wikitable"
|War
|Campaign
|Date Started
|Date Ended
| colspan="2" |Protaganists
| colspan="7" |Major Battles/Sieges
|
| colspan="2" |Treaty/Armistice
|Comments
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|Year or Date Started
|Year or Date Ended
|Location
| colspan="4" |Commanders
|Victor
|Date
|Location
|
|-
| rowspan="13" |Boer Wars
| rowspan="2" |1st
|1880
|1881
|Britain
|Boer Republics
|28 January 1881
|
|Laing's Neck
|Sir George Colley
|British
|P J Joubert
|Boers
|Boers
|3August 1881
|Pretoria
|British attack repulsed
|-
| colspan="4" |
|27 February 1881
|
|Majuba Hill
|Sir George Colley
|British
|P J Joubert
|Boers
|Boers
| colspan="2" |
|British driven off the hill
|-
| rowspan="11" |2nd
|1899
|1902
|British Empire
|Boer Republics
|13 October 1899
|17 May 1900
|Mafeking
|Robert Baden-Powell
|British
|Piet Cronje
|Boers
|British
|31 May 1902
|Vereeniging
|Relieved by combined mounted columns. Use of "concentration" camps borrowed from Cuban War
|-
| colspan="3" rowspan="10" |
|Orange Free State
|15 October 1899
|15 February 1900
|Kimberley
|Robert Kekewich
|British
|Wessels
|Boers
|British
| colspan="2" rowspan="10" |
|Siege broken cavalry division under Sir John French
|-
|Transvaal
|2 November 1899
|28 February 1900
|Ladysmith
|Sir George White
|British
|P J Joubert
|Boers
|British
|Siege broken by Sir Redvers Buller
|-
| rowspan="8" |
|28 November 1899
|
|Modder River
|Lord Methuen
|British
|Piet Cronje
|Boers
|British
|Relief force for Kimberley held up
|-
|10 December 1899 (Black Week)
|
|Stormberg
|Sir William Gatacre
|British
|J H Olivier
|Boers
|Boers
|British force got lost and attacked a strong Boer position
|-
|10 December 1899 (Black Week)
|11 December 1899
|Magersfontein
|Lord Methuen
|British
|Piet Cronje
|Boers
|Boers
|Relief force for Kimberley turned back
|-
|15 December 1899 (Black Week)
|
|Colenso
|Redvers Buller
|British
|Louis Botha
|Boers
|Boers
|Buller was replaced by Roberts. Ghandi was a stretcher bearer for British
|-
|19 January 1900
|24 January 1900
|Spion Kop
|Redvers Buller
|British
|Louis Botha
|Boers
|Boers
|Relief force for Ladysmith turned back
|-
|18 February 1900
|27 February 1900
|Paardeberg
|Lord Roberts
|British
|Piet Cronje
|Boers
|British
|Cronje surrendered and his army was destroyed
|-
|31 March 1900
|
|Sanna's Post
|Robert Broadwood
|British
|Christiaan De Wet
|Boers
|Boers
|British column destroyed near Bloemfontein
|-
|11 June 1900
|12 June 1900
|Diamond Hill
|Lord Roberts
|British
|Louis Botha
|Boers
|British
|Boer guerrillas driven off from Pretoria
|-
|Boxer Rebellion
|
|1900
|1900
|Foreign Diplomats in Peking
|Boxers
|20 June 1900
|14 August 1900
|Peking
|Sir Claude MacDonald
|Foreign Diplomats
|Prince Tuan
|Boxers
|Foreign Diplomats
| colspan="2" |
|Siege broken by international relief expedition
|-
| rowspan="8" |Russo - Japanese
| rowspan="8" |
|1904
|1905
|Russia
|Japan
|30 April 1904
|1 May 1904
|Yalu River
|Alexei Kuropatkin
|Russia
|Iwao Oyama
|Japan
|Japan
|5 September 1905
|Portsmouth (USA)
|First "industrialised" war - trenches, barbed wire, machine guns etc. Japanese crossed river and invaded Manchuria
|-
| colspan="4" rowspan="7" |
|25 May 1904
|
|Nanshan
|Alexei Kuropatkin
|Russia
|Iwao Oyama
|Japan
|Japan
| colspan="2" rowspan="7" |
|Japanese opened way to Port Arthur
|-
|1 June 1904
|2 January 1905
|Port Arthur
|Anatoli Stroessel
|Russia
|Maresuke Nogi
|Japan
|Japan
|Port Arthur surrendered after 6 month siege
|-
|25 August 1904
|3 September 1904
|Liaoyang
|Alexei Kuropatkin
|Russia
|Iwao Oyama
|Japan
|Japan
|Russians withdrew towards Mukden
|-
|5 October 1904
|17 October 1904
|Sha-Ho River
|Alexei Kuropatkin
|Russia
|Iwao Oyama
|Japan
|Inconclusive
|
|-
|26 January 1905
|27 January 1905
|Sandepu
|Alexei Kuropatkin
|Russia
|Iwao Oyama
|Japan
|Inconclusive
|
|-
|21 February 1905
|10 March 1905
|Mukden
|Alexei Kuropatkin
|Russia
|Iwao Oyama
|Japan
|Japan
|Russians forced to withdraw
|-
|May 1905
|
|Tsushima
|Rozhdestvenskiy
|Russia
|Togo
|Japan
|Japan
|Russian Baltic fleet defeated after circumnavigation
|-
| rowspan="43" |World War I
| rowspan="21" |Western Front
|28 July 1914
|11 November 1918
|Triple Entente
|Triple Alliance
|14 August 1914
|23 August 1914
|Lorraine
|Noel de Castenau
|France
|Pince Rupprecht
|Germany
|Germany
|11 November 1918
|Versailles
|French elan failed to overcome German firepower and Plan XVII (invasion of Germany) failed
|-
| colspan="2" rowspan="42" |
|Brittish Empire
|Germany
|23 August 1914
|
|Mons
|Horace Smith-Dorrien
|Britain
|von Kluck
|Germany
|Britain
| colspan="2" rowspan="42" |
|British checked but failed to halt German advance
|-
|France
|Austria-Hungary
|26 August 1914
|
|Le Cateau
|Horace Smith-Dorrien
|Britain
|von Kluck
|Germany
|Britain
|British fought out of potential envelopement and withdrew to the South. Smith-Dorrien was a survivor of Isandhlwana
|-
|Russia
|Turkey
|29 August 1914
|
|Guise
|Joseph Joffre
|France
|von Kluck
|Germany
|France
|Germans wheeled towards Paris prematurely. Also known as St Quentin
|-
|Italy
|
|5 September 1914
|10 September 1914
|Marne (1st)
|Joseph Joffre
|Allies
|von Moltke
|Germany
|Allies
|Germans outmanoeuvred and forced to withdraw to Noyon-Verdun line. Von Moltke replaced by von Falkenhayn
|-
|Romania
|
|13 September 1914
|27 September 1914
|Aisne
|Joseph Joffre
|Allies
|von Falkenhayn
|Germany
|Allies
|Once Allied advance stopped both sides began to entrench
|-
|Japan
|
|18 October 1914
|30 November 1914
|Ypres (1st)
|Joseph Joffre
|Allies
|von Falkenhayn
|Germany
|Stalemate
|The end of the "Race to the Sea" as each side tried to turn the other's northern flank
|-
| colspan="2" rowspan="36" |
|22 April 1915
|25 May 1915
|Ypres (2nd)
|Sir John French
|Allies
|von Falkenhayn
|Germany
|Stalemate
|1st use of gas by Germans in West failed to eliminate Ypres salient
|-
|25 September 1915
|8 October 1915
|Loos
|Sir John French
|Allies
|von Falkenhayn
|Germany
|Stalemate
|1st use of gas by British. Haig replaced French
|-
|21 February 1916
|18 December 1916
|Verdun
|Joseph Joffre
|Allies
|von Falkenhayn
|Germany
|Stalemate
|Germans failed to take this important fortress with each side suffering over 300,000 casualties
|-
|1 July 1916
|18 November
|The Somme
|Sir Douglas Haig
|Allies
|von Falkenhayn
|Germany
|Stalemate
|Allies gained strip of land 20 miles long and 7 miles wide at a cost of over 600,000 casualties
|-
|9 April 1917
|14 June 1917
|Arras, Vimy, Messines
|Sir Douglas Haig
|Allies
|Erich Ludendorff
|Germany
|Britain
|Vimy Ridge captured by Canadian troops. Messines Ridge was captured after successful mining operation. Nivelle Offensives failed leading to mutiny in French army
|-
|31 July 1917
|6 November 1917
|Ypres (3rd) (Passchendaele)
|Sir Douglas Haig
|Allies
|Prince Rupprecht
|Germany
|Stalemate
|Allied offensive stalled in heavy mud and ended with the capture of Passchendale ridge and village
|-
|20 November 1917
|3 December 1917
|Cambrai
|Sir Douglas Haig
|Allies
|Erich Ludendorff
|Germany
|Stalemate
|1st use of tanks. Early gains not exploited and untimately lost
|-
|21 March 1918
|13 June 1918
|Ludendorf Offensives
|Sir Douglas Haig
|Allies
|Erich Ludendorff
|Germany
|Allies
|"Michael", "Georgette", "Blucher" and "Gneisenau". Progressively desparate attempts by the Germans to use troops released from Russian front to finally break Allied lines before arrival of United States
|-
|30 May 1918
|17 June1918
|Chateau Thierry
|Denis Duchene
|Allies
|von Bohn
|Germany
|Allies
|Counter-attack by US Divisions threw Germans back over The Marne
|-
|15 July 1918
|7 August 1918
|Marne (2nd)
|Ferdinand Foch
|Allies
|Erich Ludendorff
|Germany
|Allies
|French counter-attack against 5th Ludndorff Offensive ("Marneschutz-Rheims") forced Germans to retreat
|-
|8 August 1918
|11 August 1918
|Amiens
|Ferdinand Foch
|Allies
|Erich Ludendorff
|Germany
|Allies
|Massed tank attack achieved progressive breakthrough. Ludedorff described 8 August as "The Black Day of the German Army"
|-
|12 September 1918
|16 September 1918
|St Mihiel
|Ferdinand Foch
|Allies
|Erich Ludendorff
|Germany
|Allies
|1st major action by US troops under Pershing
|-
|26 September 1918
|11 November 1918
|Meuse-Argonne
|Ferdinand Foch
|Allies
|Erich Ludendorff
|Germany
|Allies
|Allied advance reached Sedan
|-
|27 September 1918
|17 October 1918
|Hindenburg Line
|Ferdinand Foch
|Allies
|Erich Ludendorff
|Germany
|Allies
|German defences breached
|-
| rowspan="9" |Eastern Front
|20 August 1914
|
|Gumbinnen
|Pavel Rennenkampf
|Russia
|von Prittwitz
|Germany
|Russia
|Early succes for Russians led to replacement of Prittwitz by Paul von Hindenburg
|-
|26 August 1914
|30 August 1914
|Tannenberg
|Alexnader Samsonov
|Russia
|von Hindenburg
|Germany
|Germany
|Russian Second Army destroyed.
|-
|3 September 1914
|11 September 1914
|Rava Russkaya
|Nikolai Ivanov
|Russia
|von Hotzendorff
|Austria
|Russia
|Austrian defeat led them to ask for German assistance
|-
|9 September 1914
|14 September 1914
|Masurian Lakes
|Pavel Rennenkampf
|Russia
|von Hindenburg
|Germany
|Germany
|Russian First Army forced to retreat into Russia
|-
|29 December 1914
|3 January 1915
|Sarikamesh
|Vorontsov-Dashkov
|Russia
|Enver Pasha
|Turkey
|Russia
|Turkish invasion of Russia through the Caucasus thwarted
|-
|2 May 1915
|27 June 1915
|Gorlice-Tarnow
|Nikolai Ivanov
|Russia
|von Falkenhayn, von Hotzendorff
|Austria
|Austria
|Combined Austro-German army recovered lost ground and turned war on Eastern Front. Tsar repleced Grand Duke Nicholas with himself as overall commander
|-
|18 March 1916
|14 April 1916
|Lake Narotch
|Alexei Kuropatkin
|Russia
|von Hindenburg
|Germany
|Stalemate
|Massive Russian attack requested by French to relieve pressure on Verdun was a failure
|-
|4 June 1916
|20 September 1916
|Brusilov Offensive
|Alexei Brusilov
|Russia
|von Hotzendorff
|Austria
|Russia
|Most successful Russian operation brought the collapse of both the Austrian and its own Empires closer
|-
|1 September 1917
|5 September 1917
|Riga
|Klembovsky
|Russia
|Oskar von Hutier
|Germany
|Germany
|Riga captured by Germans
|-
| rowspan="5" |Italian Front
|23 June 1915
|15 September 1917
|Isonzo (11 battles)
|Luigi Cadorna
|Italy
|von Hotzendorff
|Austria
|Stalemate
|Constant pressure by the Italians brought few gains but forced the Austrians to seek German aid
|-
|15 May 1916
|17 June 1916
|Asiago
|Luigi Cadorna
|Italy
|von Hotzendorff
|Austria
|Stalemate
|Austrian gains retaken by Italian reinforcements
|-
|24 October 1917
|7 November 1917
|Caporetto
|Luigi Cadorna
|Italy
|Archduke Eugen
|Austria
|Austria
|Italians routed and forced back to Piave. Erwin Rommel 1st distinguished himself at Caporetto
|-
|15 June 1918
|22 June 1918
|Piave
|Armando Diaz
|Italy
|Arz von Straussenburg
|Austria
|Allies
|Austrians forced to abandon attempt to cross the Piave
|-
|24 October 1918
|4 November 1918
|Vittorio Veneto
|Armando Diaz
|Italy
|Arz von Straussenburg
|Austria
|Allies
|Austrians decisively defeated and an armistice signed
|-
| rowspan="7" |Turkish Front
|25 April 1915
|9 January 1916
|Gallipoli
|Sir Ian Hamilton
|Allies
|von Sanders
|Turkey
|Turkey
|Good strategy ruined by terrible execution. Allies forced to evacuate after 8 months
|-
|22 November 1915
|25 November 1915
|Ctesiphon
|Sir Charles Townshend
|Britain
|Nur-ed-Din Pasha
|Turkey
|Britain
|British advance on Baghdad stalled followed by withdrawal to Kut-al-amara
|-
|8 December 1915
|26 April 1916
|Kut-al-Amara
|Sir Charles Townshend
|Britain
|Khalil Pasha
|Turkey
|Turkey
|British army starved into surrender. 1st attempt to supply a besieged garrison by air
|-
|3 August 1916
|5 August 1916
|Romani
|Sir Archibald Murray
|Britain
|Kress von Kressenstein
|Turkey
|Britain
|Turkish forces pushed into Sinai
|-
|13 December 1916
|11 March 1917
|Baghdad
|Sir Frederick Maude
|Britain
|Khalil Pasha
|Turkey
|Britain
|British forces captured Baghdad
|-
|28 October 1917
|7 November 1917
|Gaza (3rd)
|Sir Edmund Allenby
|Britain
|von Falkenhayn
|Turkey
|Britain
|Turkish line broken and Jerusalem captureed
|-
|18 September 1918
|31 October 1918
|Megiddo
|Sir Edmund Allenby
|Britain
|Liman von Sanders
|Turkey
|Allies
|One of the most complete victories in the history of warfare. Three Turkish armies destroyed
|-
|Naval
|31 May 1916
|
|Jutland
|Jellicoe
|Britain
|Scheer
|Germany
|Britain
|Only major naval engagement of the war
|-
|Russo-Polish
|
|1920
|1921
|Russia
|Poland
|16 August 1920
|25 August 1920
|Warsaw
|Tukhachevsky
|Russia
|Pilsudski
|Poland
|Poland
|March 1921
|Riga
|Red Army defeated by Polish counter-attack
|-
| rowspan="2" |Graeco - Turkish
| rowspan="2" |
|1920
|1922
|Greece
|Turkey
|10 January 1920
|30 March 1920
|Inonu (1st and 2nd)
|Papoulas
|Greece
|Ismet Pasha
|Turkey
|Turkey
|24 July 1923
|Lausanne
|Greek advances halted
|-
| colspan="4" |
|24 August 1921
|16 September 1921
|Sakaria River
|King Constantine
|Greece
|Kemal Ataturk
|Turkey
|Turkey
| colspan="2" |
|Narrow Turkish victory
|-
| rowspan="2" |Spanish Civil War
| rowspan="2" |
|1936
|1939
|Nationalists
|Republicans
|8 March 1937
|16 March 1937
|Guadalajara
|Moscarda
|Nationalists
|Pavlov
|Republicans
|Republicans
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" |
|Nationalist offensive defeated
|-
| colspan="4" |
|1 April 1937
|18 June 1937
|Bilbao
|Mola
|Nationalists
|Encomienda
|Republicans
|Nationalists
|Guernica bombed by German squadron 25 April 1937. Republican "Ring of Steel" broken
|-
|Sino-Japanese
|
|1937
|1945
|China
|Japan
|April 1938
|
|Taierchwang
|Li Tsung-jen
|China
|?
|Japan
|China
| colspan="2" |
|First Japanese defeat in modern history
|-
| rowspan="81" |World War II
| rowspan="15" |Western Front
|1 September 1939
|16 September 1945
|Allies
|Axis
|10 May 1940
|25 June 1940
|France, Belgium and Holland
|Maurice Gamelin
|France
|Walter von Brauchitsch
|Germany
|Germany
| colspan="2" rowspan="81" |
|Operation "Sichelschnitt" (Sickle-Cut). Germany invaded France via Holland and Belgium thus cutting off BEF.
|-
| colspan="2" rowspan="80" |
|British Empire
|Germany
|21 May 1940
|
|Arras
|H E Franklyn
|Allies
|Erwin Rommel
|Germany
|Germany
|Allied counter-attack failed but did allow breathing space for Dunkirk evacuation
|-
|United States
|Italy
|26 May 1940
|4 June 1940
|Dunkirk
|Lord Gort
|Allies
|Gerd von Rundstedt
|Germany
|Germany
|Successful evacuation of 400,000 allied troops from envelopment
|-
|France
|Japan
|11 November 1940
|12 November 1940
|Taranto
|Cunningham
|Allies
|?
|Italy
|Allies
|Air attack which crippled the Italian fleet in harbour. Blue print for Pearl Harbor
|-
|Russia
|Finalnd
|28 March 1941
|
|Cape Matapan
|Cunningham
|Allies
|Iachino
|Italy
|Allies
|Italian fleet routed in Mediterranean
|-
|Poland
|
|19 August 1942
|
|Dieppe
|H F Roberts
|Allies
|Konrad Hasse
|Germany
|Germany
|Apparently an expensive failure but achieved political objective of persuading Stalin that a 2nd Front was not yet possible
|-
| colspan="2" rowspan="75" |
|6 June 1944
|
|D-Day
|Bernard Montgomery
|Allies
|Erwin Rommel
|Germany
|Allies
|Operation "Overlord" secured beach-head in Normandy. "Utah", "Omaha", "Gold", "Juno" and "Sword"
|-
|7 June 1944
|25 July 1944
|Caen
|Bernard Montgomery
|Allies
|Erwin Rommel
|Germany
|Allies
|Montgomery employed attritional tactics to allow US armour to perform breakout
|-
|17 September 1944
|25 September 1944
|Arnhem
|Bernard Montgomery
|Allies
|Walter Model
|Germany
|Germany
|A bridge too far. Airborne assault failed to capture objectives. Operation "Market Garden"
|-
|4 October 1944
|1 December 1944
|Aachen
|Omar Bradley
|Allies
|Walter Model
|Germany
|Stalemate
|Siegfried Line breached but Allied offensive abandoned in face of strong German resistance
|-
|9 October 1944
|8 November 1944
|Scheldt Estuary
|Bernard Montgomery
|Allies
|Walter Model
|Germany
|Allies
|Cleared the shipping lanes and opened Antwerp to Allied shipping
|-
|13 August 1944
|21 August 1944
|Falaise Gap
|Dwight Eisenhower
|Allies
|Gunther von Kluge
|Germany
|Allies
|German armies in Normandy destroyed
|-
|16 December 1944
|16 January 1945
|The Bulge
|Dwight Eisenhower
|Allies
|Gerd von Rundstedt
|Germany
|Germany
|Operation "Christrose" or "Wacht am Rhein" enjoyed initial surprise but soon bogged down
|-
|8 February 1945
|3 March 1945
|Reichswald
|Bernard Montgomery
|Allies
|Johannes Blaskowitz
|Germany
|Allies
|Clearing of left bank of the Rhine prior to crossings. Operations "Veritable" and "Grenade"
|-
|7 March 1945
|31 March 1945
|Rhine Crossings
|Dwight Eisenhower
|Allies
|Albrecht Kesselring
|Germany
|Allies
|Capture of Bridge at Remagen precipitated final battles in the West after which German armies were a spent force
|-
| rowspan="18" |Eastern Front
|9 September 1939
|15 September 1939
|The Bzura
|Smigly-Ridz
|Poland
|Brauchitsch
|Germany
|Germany
|Poles failed to break out of double envelopment
|-
|30 November 1939
|13 February 1940
|Mannerheim Line
|Timoshenko
|Russia
|Carl Mannerheim
|Finland
|Russia
|Russians suffered massive casualties but drove Finns to sue for peace
|-
|11 December 1939
|6 January 1940
|Suomossalmi
|Semyon Timoshenko
|Russia
|Carl Mannerheim
|Finland
|Finland
|Russian army destroyed
|-
|25 June 1941
|30 June 1941
|Brody-Dubno
|Mikhail Kirponos
|Russia
|Gerd von Rundstedt
|Germany
|Germany
|Russians slowed but could not stop Operation "Barbarossa"
|-
|17 July 1941
|5 August 1941
|Smolensk
|Semyon Timoshenko
|Russia
|Fedor von Bock
|Germany
|Germany
|Russian army trapped in pocket. Hitler began to use this tactic to detriment of forward momentum of invasion
|-
|1 September 1941
|27 January 1944
|Leningrad
|L A Govorov
|Russia
|Ernst Busch
|Germany
|Russia
|City relieved after siege lasting 900 days
|-
|9 September 1941
|26 September 1941
|Kiev
|Semen Budenny
|Russia
|Gerd von Rundstedt
|Germany
|Germany
|Over 600,000 Russioan troops trapped in pocket and captured
|-
|5 October 1941
|20 October 1941
|Vyazma-Bryansk
|Semyon Timoshenko
|Russia
|Fedor von Bock
|Germany
|Germany
|Closing of Vyazma and Bryansk pockets
|-
|8 October 1941
|30 April 1942
|Moscow
|Josef Stalin
|Russia
|Adolf Hitler
|Germany
|Russia
|Failure to capture Moscow and Russian counter offensive can be seen as turning point of the war
|-
|29 October 1941
|3 July 1942
|Sevastopol
|Semyon Budenny
|Russia
|Gerd von Rundstedt
|Germany
|Germany
|Sevastopol captured and Crimea occupied
|-
|12 May 1942
|22 May 1942
|Kharkov (1)
|Semyon Timoshenko
|Russia
|Ewald von Kleist
|Germany
|Germany
|Major Russian defeat with 250,000 troops captured in pocket
|-
|19 August 1942
|2 February 1943
|Stalingrad
|Andrei Yeremenko
|Russia
|Freiherr von Weichs
|Germany
|Russia
|von Paulus in command of the German 6th Army was trapped and forced to surrender
|-
|16 February 1943
|15 March 1943
|Kharkov (2)
|Filipp Golikov
|Russia
|Erich von Manstein
|Germany
|Germany
|Russian attempt to recapture Kharkov thwarted by German counter-attack. Last major German victory on the Russian Front
|-
|5 July 1943
|17 July 1943
|Kursk
|Georgi Zhukov
|Russia
|Erich von Manstein
|Germany
|Russia
|Largest tank battle in history. German attempt to eliminate the Kursk Salient. Operation "Zitadelle"
|-
|22 June 1944
|27 August 1944
|"Bagration"
|I K Bagramyan
|Russia
|Ernst Busch
|Germany
|Russia
|Byelorussia recaptured and German Army Group Centre destroyed
|-
|1 August 1944
|2 October 1944
|Warsaw
|Tadeusz Bor-Komorowski
|Poland
|Erich von Bach-Zelewski
|Germany
|Germany
|Polish Home Army uprising ruthlessly put down by the SS
|-
|20 August 1944
|30 August 1944
|Jassy-Kishinev
|Rodion Malinovsky
|Russia
|Johannes Freissner
|Germany
|Russia
|German 6th Army isolated by double envelopment
|-
|16 April 1945
|2 May 1945
|Berlin
|Georgi Zhukov
|Russia
|Adolf Hitler
|Germany
|Russia
|Berlin isolated by double envelopment. Hitler committed suicide
|-
| rowspan="13" |North Africa
|9 December 1940
|12 December 1940
|Sidi Barrani
|Archibald Wavell
|Allies
|Rudolfo Graziani
|Italy
|Allies
|Italian forces routed
|-
|3 January 1941
|5 January 1941
|Bardia
|Richard O'Connor
|Allies
|Bergonzoli
|Italy
|Allies
|Comprehensive defeat for Italian army in North Africa
|-
|21 January 1941
|22 January 1941
|Tobruk (1)
|Richard O'Connor
|Allies
|Pitassi Mannella
|Italy
|Allies
|Major Italian defeat
|-
|5 Febraury 1941
|7 Febraury 1941
|Beda Fomm
|Richard O'Connor
|Allies
|Rodolfo Graziani
|Italy
|Allies
|Italian 10th Army trapped and destroyed
|-
|20 May 1941
|1 June 1941
|Crete
|Freyberg
|Allies
|Alexander Lohr
|Germany
|Germany
|Airborne invasion captured island. Operation "Merkur"
|-
|18 November 1941
|7 December 1941
|Tobruk (2)
|Alan Cunningham
|Allies
|Erwin Rommel
|Germany
|Allies
|Relieved Tobruk after fierce fighting. Operation "Crusader"
|-
|26 May 1942
|21 June 1942
|Gazala
|Claude Auchinleck
|Allies
|Erwin Rommel
|Axis
|Germany
|8th Army defeated and forced to withdraw to Egypt. Tobruk captured
|-
|1 July 1942
|27 July 1942
|El Alamein (1)
|Claude Auchinleck
|Allies
|Erwin Rommel
|Axis
|Stalemate
|Germans unable to break through but British unable to counter-attack
|-
|30 August 1942
|2 September 1942
|Alam Haifa
|Bernard Montgomery
|Allies
|Erwin Rommel
|Axis
|Britain
|Germans unable to break through used up most of their resources in the attempt
|-
|23 October 1942
|4 November 1942
|El Alamein (2)
|Bernard Montgomery
|Allies
|Erwin Rommel
|Axis
|Britain
|Decisive British victory which spelled beginning of end of Axis campaign in North Africa
|-
|14 February 1943
|22 February 1943
|Kasserine Pass
|Dwight Eisenhower
|Allies
|Erwin Rommel
|Germany
|Allies
|Early German success contained and Rommel forced to withdraw
|-
|6 March 1943
|
|Medenine
|Bernard Montgomery
|Allies
|Erwin Rommel
|Germany
|Allies
|German counter-attack repulsed and Rommel replaced
|-
|20 March 1943
|27 March 1943
|Mareth Line
|Bernard Montgomery
|Allies
|Giovanni Messe
|Italy
|Allies
|Messe forced to abandon the Mareth Line and retreat to Wadi Akarit
|-
| rowspan="5" |Italy
|9 September 1943
|18 September 1943
|Salerno
|Harold Alexander
|Allies
|Albrecht Kesselring
|Germany
|Allies
|Narrow allied victory in amphibious landing which led to capture of Naples
|-
|12 October 1943
|14 November 1943
|Volturno River
|Harold Alexander
|Allies
|Albrecht Kesselring
|Germany
|Allies
|Allied forces crossed river at heavy cost
|-
|17 January 1944
|22 May 1944
|Cassino
|Harold Alexander
|Allies
|Albrecht Kesselring
|Axis
|Allies
|Allies finally broke through to join up with Anzio beachhead and capture Rome
|-
|22 January 1944
|23 May 1944
|Anzio
|Mark Clark
|Allies
|Albrecht Kesselring
|Axis
|Stalemate
|Attempting to outflank Cassino line, Anzio beachhead quickly contained. Operation "Shingle"
|-
|30 August 1944
|28 October 1944
|Gothic Line
|Harold Alexander
|Allies
|Albrecht Kesselring
|Germany
|Allies
|Allies finally breached line in late Autumn, too late to exploit
|-
| rowspan="28" |Burma, Far East and Pacific
|7 December 1941
|
|Pearl Harbor
|Short
|Allies
|Chuichi Nagumo
|Japan
|Japan
|Surprise attack on US Pacific Fleet base which destroyed 12 battleships
|-
|8 December 1941
|23 December 1941
|Wake Atoll
|Winfield Cunningham
|Allies
|Sadamichi Kajioka
|Japan
|Japan
|Massive Japanese operation resisted strongly by small US force
|-
|2 January 1942
|6 May 1942
|Bataan
|Douglas MacArthur
|Allies
|Masahuru Homma
|Japan
|Japan
|Largest capitulation of a US army. Philippines captured
|-
|8 February 1942
|15 February 1942
|Singapore
|Arthur Percival
|Allies
|Tomoyuki Yamashita
|Japan
|Japan
|Worst military disaster in the history of the British Empire
|-
|4 May 1942
|8 May 1942
|Coral Sea
|Frank Fletcher
|Allies
|Shigeyoshe Inouye
|Japan
|Allies
|Tactical Japanese victory but strategic Allied victory. Naval invasion of Port Moresby thwarted
|-
|4 June 1942
|6 June 1942
|Midway
|Frank Fletcher, Ray Spruance
|Allies
|Isoroku Yamamoto
|Japan
|Allies
|Allied victory which saw 4 Japanese carriers destroyed and severely curtailed as an attacking force
|-
|7 August 1942
|7 February 1943
|Guadalcanal
|Robert Gormley
|Allies
|Shigeyoshe Inouye
|Japan
|Allies
|Desperate battle to prevent Japan from building landing strip on Solomon Islands
|-
|20 November 1942
|22 January 1943
|Buna
|Robert Eichelberger
|Allies
|Hatazo Adachi
|Japan
|Allies
|Japanese invasion of Papua New Guinea thwarted and Japanese forces in the area wiped out
|-
|11 May 1943
|15 August 1943
|Aleutian Islands
|Francis Rockwell
|Allies
|?
|Japan
|Allies
|Islands recaptured
|-
|20 November 1943
|23 November 1943
|Tarawa Atoll
|Chester Nimitz
|Allies
|Keichi Shibasaki
|Japan
|Allies
|Capture of Gilbert Islands
|-
|1 February 1944
|4 February 1944
|Kwajalein Atoll
|Holland Smith
|Allies
|Akiyama
|Japan
|Allies
|Capture of part of Marshall Islands
|-
|6 February 1944
|17 February 1944
|Korsun
|Ivan Konev
|Russia
|Stemmermann
|Germany
|Russia
|Stemmermann killed. Some German troops managed to break out of pocket
|-
|6 February 1944
|25 February 1944
|Admin Box
|A F P Christison
|Allies
|Hanaya
|Japan
|Allies
|Heavy defeat for Japanese, first clear-cut British victory
|-
|17 February 1944
|23 February 1944
|Eniwetok Atoll
|Thomas Watson
|Allies
|Yoshima Nishida
|Japan
|Allies
|Capture of remainder of Marshall Islands
|-
|25 March 1944
|16 April 1944
|Kamenets-Podolsk
|Georgi Zhukov
|Russia
|Erich von Manstein
|Germany
|Germany
|First Panzer Army broke through Russian trap
|-
|29 March 1944
|22 June 1944
|Imphal
|William Slim
|Allies
|Masakuzu Kawabe
|Japan
|Allies
|Brilliant Allied victory which marked turning point of war in Burma
|-
|5 April 1944
|30 May 1944
|Kohima
|William Slim
|Allies
|Renya Mutaguchi
|Japan
|Allies
|Japanese failed to prevent the relief of Imphal
|-
|15 June 1944
|9 July 1944
|Saipan
|Chester Nimitz
|Allies
|Hideyoshi Obata
|Japan
|Allies
|Capture of the Marianas Islands
|-
|19 June 1944
|21 June 1944
|Philippine Sea
|Ray Spruance
|Allies
|Jisaburo Ozawa
|Japan
|Allies
|Naval battle and decisive American victory. A further 3 Japanese carriers destroyed
|-
|21 July 1944
|10 August 1944
|Guam
|Chester Nimitz
|Allies
|Hideyoshi Obata
|Japan
|Allies
|Fall of the Marianas. Two survivors of the Japanese garrison surrendered in 1960
|-
|24 July 1944
|31 July 1944
|Tinian
|Chester Nimitz
|Allies
|Hideyoshi Obata
|Japan
|Allies
|Capture of part of the Marianas
|-
|15 September 1944
|25 November 1944
|Pelelieu-Anguar
|Chester Nimitz
|Allies
|Sadai Inoue
|Japan
|Allies
|Capture of the Caroline Islands
|-
|24 October 1944
|25 October 1944
|Leyte Gulf
|William Halsey
|Allies
|Jisaburo Ozawa
|Japan
|Allies
|Greatest naval battle in history. Offensive capacity of Japanese fleet destroyed
|-
|20 October 1944
|25 December 1944
|Leyte
|Douglas MacArthur
|Allies
|Tomoyuki Yamashita
|Japan
|Allies
|Japanese army on the Philippines destroyed
|-
|14 January 1945
|21 March 1945
|Mandalay
|William Slim
|Allies
|Hoyotaro Kimura
|Japan
|Allies
|Tactical masterstroke isolated each Japanese army in Burma and each was destroyed in turn
|-
|3 February 1945
|4 March 1945
|Manila
|Walter Krueger
|Allies
|Tomoyuki Yamashita
|Japan
|Allies
|Last stand of Japanese naval garrison led to destruction of the city
|-
|19 February 1945
|16 March 1945
|Iwo Jima
|Harry Schmidt
|Allies
|Todomichi Kuribyashi
|Japan
|Allies
|US forces secured Bonin islands for use as airstrips for bombing Japan
|-
|1 April 1945
|22 June 1945
|Okinawa
|Chester Nimitz
|Allies
|Mitsuru Ushijima
|Japan
|Allies
|Ushijima committed suicide. Fight put up by Japanese convinced Truman to unleash the atom bombs
|-
| rowspan="2" |Other Theatres
|30 April 1941
|5 May 1941
|Habbaniya
|H G Smart
|Allies
|Rashid Ali
|Iraq
|Allies
|Iraqi rebels defeated
|-
|9 August 1945
|17 August 1945
|Manchuria
|Alexandr Vasilevsky
|Russia
|Yamada Otozo
|Japan
|Russia
|Russians drove Japanese out of Manchuria and imposed communist rule in Northern Korea
|-
| rowspan="5" |Korean War
| rowspan="5" |
|1950
|1953
|South Korea
|North Korea
|5 August 1950
|15 September 1950
|Pusan Perimeter
|Douglas MacArthur
|Allies
|Choe Yong Gun
|North Korea
|Allies
| colspan="2" rowspan="5" |
|North Korean Peoples Army virtually destroyed
|-
| colspan="2" rowspan="4" |
|UN Forces
|China
|15 September 1950
|25 September 1950
|Inchon
|Douglas MacArthur
|Allies
|Choe Yong Gun
|North Korea
|Allies
|Strategic masterstroke which captured Seoul and isolated North Korean troops
|-
| colspan="2" rowspan="3" |
|27 November 1950
|15 December 1950
|Chosin Reservoir
|Oliver Smith
|Allies
|Sung Shih-lun
|China
|Allies
|Fighting withdrawal to evacuate UN troops
|-
|22 April 1951
|30 April 1951
|Imjin River
|James van Fleet
|Allies
|Peng The-huai
|China
|Allies
|Allied forces (British/Belgian/US) resisted attempt to capture Seoul
|-
|16 April 1953
|18 April 1953
|Pork Chop Hill
|Arthur Trudeau
|Allies
|Peng The-huai
|China
|Allies
|Contest of resolve by Chinese during peace negotiations
|-
|French Indochina War
|
|1946
|1954
|France
|Vietnam
|20 November 1953
|7 May 1954
|Dien Bien Phu
|Christian de Castres
|France
|Vo Nguyen Giap
|Vietnam
|Vietnam
| colspan="2" |
|French forced to surrender fortified garrison
|-
| rowspan="6" |Vietnam War
| rowspan="6" |
|1956
|1975
|South Vietnam
|North Vietnam
|19 October 1965
|26 November 1965
|La Drang Valley
|Harry Kinnard
|United States
|Chu Huy Man
|North Vietnam
|United States
| colspan="2" rowspan="6" |
|Viet Cong suffered crippling losses
|-
| colspan="2" rowspan="5" |
|United States
|China
|18 August 1966
|
|Long Tan
|O D Jackson
|United States
|?
|Viet Cong
|United States
|Serious defeat for the Viet Cong
|-
|Australia
|
|22 February 1967
|14 May 1967
|Junction City
|William Westmoreland
|United States
|?
|North Vietnam
|United States
|US forces cleared the "Iron Triangle" near Saigon
|-
| colspan="2" rowspan="3" |
|19 November 1967
|23 November 1967
|Dak To (Hill 875)
|Leo Schweitzer
|United States
|?
|North Vietnam
|United States
|Vietnamese army attempt to distract US forces prior to the Tet Offensive
|-
|21 January 1968
|14 April 1968
|Khe San
|David Lownds
|United States
|?
|North Vietnam
|United States
|US forces resisted siege of fortified camp
|-
|31 January 1968
|25 February 1968
|Hue
|Ngo Quang Truong
|South Vietnam
|Nguyen Trong Dan
|North Vietnam
|South Vietnam
|Hue was captured by the Viet Cong at the start of the Tet Offensive but recaptured after protracted street fighting
|-
| rowspan="6" |Arab-Israeli Wars
|
|1956
|1973
|Israel
|Arab States
|29 October 1956
|5 November 1956
|Sinai (1)
|Moshe Dayan
|Israel
|Abd el Hakim Amer
|Egypt
|Israel
| colspan="2" rowspan="6" |
|Israeli army overran Sinai and captured Sharm el Sheikh but stopped short of Suez Canal as agreed with British and French
|-
|Suez Canal Crisis
| colspan="4" rowspan="5" |
|5 November 1956
|7 November 1956
|Suez Canal Landings
|Hugh Stockwell
|Allies
|Abd el Hakim Amer
|Egypt
|Stalemate
|Britain and France were forced to break off operations in face of opposition from UN and US
|-
| rowspan="2" |Six Day War
|5 June 1967
|8 June 1967
|Sinai (2)
|Yeshayahu Gavish
|Israel
|Abd el Mohsen Mortagy
|Egypt
|Israel
|Egyptian army destroyed and defence line esatblished on Suez Canal
|-
|9 June 1967
|10 June 1967
|Golan Heights (1)
|David Elazar
|Israel
|Souedan
|Syria
|Israel
|Israel captured Golan Heights and established a defensible frontier with Syria
|-
| rowspan="2" |
|6 October 1973
|8 October 1973
|Suez Canal Crossing
|Shmuel Gonen
|Israel
|Ahmed Ismail Ali
|Egypt
|Stalemate
|Early Egyptian gains from surprise attack on Yom Kippur were subsequently wiped out
|-
|6 October 1973
|10 October 1973
|Golan Heights (2)
|Yitzak Hofi
|Israel
|Hefez al Assad
|Syria
|Israel
|Israel beat off an attempt by Syria to retake the Golan Heights lost in 1967
|-
| rowspan="2" |Falklands War
| rowspan="2" |
|1982
|1982
|Britain
|Argentina
|27 May 1982
|28 May 1982
|Goose Green
|H Jones
|Britain
|Wilson Pedroza
|Argentina
|Britain
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" |
|Col H Jones killed
|-
| colspan="4" |
|11 June 1982
|14 June 1982
|Port Stanley
|Jeremy Moore
|Britain
|Mario Menendez
|Argentina
|Britain
|Argentinian defence lines breached and Argentinian commander surrendered
|-
|Grenada
|
|1983
|1983
|United States
|Grenada
|25 October 1983
|27 October 1983
|Grenada
|Joseph Metcalf
|United States
|Austin Hudson
|Grenada
|United States
| colspan="2" |
|Communists defeated
|-
|Gulf War
|
|1990
|1991
|U N Forces
|Iraq
|24 February 1991
|28 February 1991
|Kuwait
|Norman Schwarzkopf
|Allies
|Saddam Hussein
|Iraq
|
| colspan="2" |
|Iraqi army in Kuwait destroyed. Operation "Desert Sabre"
|}

Art and Culture/Wars and Battles - 17th C to 19th C

2021-04-22T11:43:26Z

Admin: Created page with "{| class="wikitable" |War |Campaign/Theatre |Date Started |Date Ended | colspan="2" |Protaganists | colspan="7" |Major Battles/Sieges | | colspan="2" |Treaty/Armistice |Comme..."

{| class="wikitable"
|War
|Campaign/Theatre
|Date Started
|Date Ended
| colspan="2" |Protaganists
| colspan="7" |Major Battles/Sieges
|
| colspan="2" |Treaty/Armistice
|Comments
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|Year or Date Started
|Year or Date Ended
|Location/Name
| colspan="4" |Commanders
|Victor
|Date(s)
|Location/Name
|
|-
| rowspan="15" |Thirty Years War
| rowspan="15" |
|1618
|1648
|Protestants
|Catholic League
|8 November 1620
|
|White Hill
|Prince Christian
|Protestants
|Maximilian I of Bavaria, de Tilliy
|Catholic League
|Catholic League
|1648
|Westphalia
|Frederick V of Bohemia forced to flee Prague
|-
| colspan="4" rowspan="14" |
|6 May 1622
|
|Wimpfen
|von Mansfield
|Protestants
|de Tilly
|Catholic League
|Catholic League
| colspan="2" rowspan="14" |
|Catholic army occupied Heidelberg
|-
|20 June 1622
|
|Hochst
|Prince Christian
|Protestants
|de Tilly
|Catholic League
|Indecisive
|de Tilly failed to prevent the joining of two Protestant armies
|-
|25 April 1626
|
|Dessau Bridge
|von Mansfield
|Protestants
|Albrecht von Wallenstein
|Imperialists
|Imperialists
|Protestant army destroyed trying to cross the Elbe
|-
|27 August 1626
|
|Lutter
|Christian IV
|Protestants
|de Tilly
|Imperialists
|Imperialists
|Second defeat of 1626 eventually forced Denmark out of the war (1629) and dragged France in
|-
|November 1630
|May 1631
|Magdeburg
|von Falkenberg
|Protestants
|de Tilly
|Imperialists
|Imperialists
|Population of Magdeberg massacred and city destroyed, which brought Netherlands and Saxony into the war.
|-
|17 September 1631
|
|Breitenfeld (1)
|Gustavus Adolphus
|Protestants
|de Tilly
|Catholic League
|Protestants
|Catholic army destroyed, Leipzig recaptured and Sweden emerges as a major military power
|-
|31 August 1632
|4 September 1632
|Altendorf
|Gustavus Adolphus
|Protestants
|Maximilian I of Bavaria, von Wallenstein
|Imperialists
|Imperialists
|Swedes withdrew
|-
|16 November 1632
|
|Lutzen
|Gustavus Adolphus
|Protestants
|von Wallenstein
|Imperialists
|Protestants
|Gustavus Adolphus killed but Swedish army victorious
|-
|5 September 1634
|6 September 1634
|Nordlingen (1)
|Bernard of Saxe-Weimar
|Protestants
|Ferdinand of Hungary
|Imperialists
|Imperialists
|Crushing Imperial victory destroyed Swedish presence in southern Germany
|-
|4 October 1636
|
|Wittstock
|Johan Baner
|Protestants
|John George I of Saxony
|Imperialists
|Protestants
|Imperialist army destroyed by Swedish army
|-
|2 November 1642
|
|Breitenfeld (2)
|Lennart Tortensson
|Protestants
|Archduke Leopold William
|Imperialists
|Protestants
|Imperialist army routed by Swedish army
|-
|18 May 143
|19 May 143
|Rocroi
|Louis d'Enghien
|Protestants
|Don Francisco de Melo
|Imperialists
|Protestants
|French army destroyed Spanish army and became leading continental military power
|-
|3 August 1644
|10 August 1644
|Freiburg
|Louis d'Enghien, Turenne
|Protestants
|Franz von Mercy
|Imperialists
|Protestants
|Imperialists withdrew from Freiburg
|-
|3 August 1645
|3 August 1645
|Nordlingen (2)
|Louis de Bourbon Conde
|Protestants
|Franz von Mercy
|Imperialists
|Protestants
|Costly protestant victory
|-
| rowspan="15" |English Civil War
| rowspan="12" |1st
|1642
|1646
|Royalists
|Parliamentarians
|23 October 1642
|
|Edgehill
|Charkes I
|Royalists
|Robert Devereux
|Parliamentarians
|Royalists
| colspan="2" rowspan="12" |
|Narrow victory for Royalists but turned back from London at Turnham Green
|-
| colspan="4" rowspan="11" |
|18 June 1643
|
|Chalgrove Field
|Prince Rupert
|Royalists
|Sir Philip Stapleton
|Parliamentarians
|Royalists
|John Hampden killed. Rupert ambushed Parliamentarian column
|-
|30 June 1643
|
|Adwalton Moor
|Duke of Newcastle
|Royalists
|Fernando Fairfax
|Parliamentarians
|Royalists
|Parliamentarian presence in Yorkshire destroyed
|-
|13 July 1643
|
|Roundway Down
|Wilmot, Hopton
|Royalists
|Waller
|Parliamentarians
|Royalists
|Relief force trying to lift seige of Devizes drove off Parliamentary army
|-
|29 June 1644
|
|Cropredy Bridge
|Charkes I
|Royalists
|Waller
|Parliamentarians
|Royalists
|Wallers army was dispersed
|-
|2 July 1644
|
|Marston Moor
|Prince Rupert
|Royalists
|Fernando Fairfax
|Parliamentarians
|Parliamentarians
|Royalist cause in the North destroyed
|-
|21 August 1644
|2 September 1644
|Lostwithiel
|Charkes I
|Royalists
|Earl of Essex
|Parliamentarians
|Royalists
|Two separate battles which ended with the surrender of the Parliamentary army
|-
|1 September 1644
|
|Tippermuir
|Montrose
|Royalists
|Lord Elcho
|Covenanters
|Royalists
|Covenanter army was destroyed
|-
|2 February 1645
|
|Inverlochy
|Montrose
|Royalists
|Argyll
|Covenanters
|Royalists
|Covenanter army routed
|-
|14 June 1645
|
|Naseby
|Charkes I
|Royalists
|Fairfax, Cromwell
|Parliamentarians
|Parliamentarians
|Royalist cause in the Midlands destroyed
|-
|15 August 1645
|
|Kilsyth
|Montrose
|Royalists
|Baillie, Argyll
|Covenanters
|Royalists
|Covenanters utterly destroyed but Montrose now had only Royalist field army
|-
|13 September 1645
|
|Philiphough
|Montrose
|Royalists
|David Leslie
|Covenanters
|Covenanters
|Royalists surprised in a dawn raid and forced to surrender
|-
|2nd
|1648
|1648
|Royalists
|Parliamentarians
|17 August 1648
|19 August 1648
|Preston
|Duke of Hamilton
|Royalists
|Oliver Cromwell
|Parliamentarians
|Parliamentarians
| colspan="2" |
|Royalist and Scottish armies routed
|-
| rowspan="2" |3rd
|1650
|1651
|Royalists
|Parliamentarians
|3 September 1650
|
|Dunbar
|David Leslie
|Royalists
|Oliver Cromwell
|Parliamentarians
|Parliamentarians
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" |
|Royalist/covenanter army destroyed and Cromwell took Edinburgh
|-
| colspan="4" |
|3 September 1651
|
|Worcester
|Charkes II
|Royalists
|Oliver Cromwell
|Parliamentarians
|Parliamentarians
|Royalist army defeated and Charles was forced to flee into exile
|-
| rowspan="2" |Poland: The Deluge
| rowspan="2" |
|1648
|1667
|Poland
|Cossacks
|28 June 1651
|30 June 1651
|Beresteczko
|Jan II Casimir
|Poland
|Bohdan Chmielnicki
|Ukrainian Cossacks
|Poland
|
|Biala Cerkwia
|Tartars fled field
|-
| colspan="2" |
|
|Sweden
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|23 April 1660
|Peace of Oliva
|
|-
| rowspan="5" |Anglo-Dutch Wars
| rowspan="5" |
|1652
|1674
|England
|Netherlands
|19 May 1652
|
|Goodwin Sands
|Robert Blake
|England
|Maarten Tromp
|Netherlands
|England
|1654
|Westminster
|Naval battle. Dutch fleet forced to withdraw
|-
| colspan="4" rowspan="4" |
|1653
|
|Three Days Battle
|Robert Blake
|England
|Maarten Tromp
|Netherlands
|England
|1674
|Westminster
|English fleet attacked Dutch convoy
|-
|12 June1653
|13 June 1653
|North Foreland
|?
|England
|?
|Netherlands
|England
| colspan="2" rowspan="3" |
|Dutch fleet defeated
|-
|8 August 1653
|10 August 1653
|Texel (1)
|?
|England
|Maarten Tromp
|Netherlands
|Netherlands
|Tromp killed but English fleet withdrew
|-
|11 August 1673
|
|Texel (2)
|Prince Rupert
|England
|de Ruyter
|Netherlands
|Netherlands
|English fleet forced to withdraw
|-
|Franco-Spanish War
|
|1653
|1659
|France
|Spain
|3 June 1658
|
|The Dunes
|Turenne
|France
|Don John of Austria
|Spain
|France
|1659
|Pyrenees
|Anglo-French army (including Parliamentarian regiments) defeated Anglo-Spanish force (including Royalist troops) near Dunkirk
|-
|Anglo-Spanish War
|
|1654
|1660
|England
|Spain
|April 1657
|
|Santa Cruz
|Robert Blake
|England
|?
|Spain
|England
| colspan="2" |
|Spanish fleet destroyed in one of the most complete vistories in British naval history. Blake died on the voyage home to England and was buried in Westminster Abbey
|-
| rowspan="2" |Covenanter Rising
| rowspan="2" |
|1679
|1679
|Government
|Covenanters
|1 June 1679
|1 June 1679
|Drumclog
|John Graham of Claverhouse
|Government
|Robert Hamilton
|Covenanters
|Covenanters
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" |
|Small government force routed
|-
|
|
|
|
|22 June 1679
|22 June 1679
|Bothwell Bridge
|Monmouth
|Government
|Robert Hamilton
|Covenanters
|Government
|Covenanters routed and rising crushed
|-
| rowspan="3" |Great Turkish War
| rowspan="3" |
|1683
|1699
|Christians
|Turks
|12 September 1683
|12 September 1683
|Vienna
|John Sobieski
|Christians
|Kara Mustapha, Grand Vizier
|Turks
|Christians
|1699
|Treaty of Karlowitz
|Turks defeated and siege of Vienna lifted
|-
|
|
|
|
|12 August 1687
|12 August 1687
|Mohacs
|Charles of Lorraine
|Christians
|Kara Mustapha, Grand Vizier
|Turks
|Christians
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" |
|Turks decisively defaeted and ejected from Hungary
|-
|
|
|
|
|11 September 1697
|11 September 1697
|Zenta
|Eugene of Savoy
|Christians
|Mustapha II
|Turks
|Christians
|Turkish army annihilated
|-
|Monmouth's Rebellion
|
|1685
|1685
|Government
|Rebels
|6 July 1685
|6 July 1685
|Sedgemoor
|Earl of Feversham
|Government
|Monmouth
|Rebels
|Government
| colspan="2" |
|Night attack by rebels dissolved into confusion. Monmouth captured and executed
|-
| rowspan="8" |Jacobite Rebellion
| rowspan="3" |1st
|1689
|1691
|Government
|Jacobites
|27 July 1689
|27 July 1689
|Killiecrankie
|Hugh Mackay
|Government
|John Graham of Claverhouse
|Jacobites
|Jacobites
| colspan="2" rowspan="3" |
|Government army destroyed but Graham (Bonny Dundee) killed which seriously harmed Jacobite cause
|-
| colspan="4" rowspan="2" |
|11 July 1690
|11 July 1690
|The Boyne
|William III
|Government
|James II
|Jacobites
|Government
|Jacobites defeated and James fled to exile in France
|-
|12 July 1691
|12 July 1691
|Aughrim
|Godert de Ginkel
|Government
|Earl of Lucan
|Jacobites
|Government
|Jacobite army destroyed and Limerick captured
|-
| rowspan="2" |2nd
|1715
|1715
|Government
|Jacobites
|13 November 1715
|
|Sheriffmuir
|Duke of Argyll
|Government
|Earl of Mar
|Jacobites
|Inconclusive
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" |
|Mar needed a victory to gain local support but failed to achieve this and the rebellion in Scotland ended
|-
| colspan="4" |
|13 November 1715
|14 November 1715
|Preston
|General Wills
|Government
|Thomas Forster
|Jacobites
|Government
|Forster was outmanouevered and forced to surrender with most of his men
|-
| rowspan="3" |3rd (The '45)
|1745
|1746
|Government
|Jacobites
|21 September 1745
|
|Prestonpans
|Sir John Cope
|Government
|Prince Charles Edward Stewart
|Jacobites
|Jacobites
| colspan="2" rowspan="3" |
|A ten minute engagement which ended in the destruction of Cope's force
|-
| colspan="4" rowspan="2" |
|17 January 1746
|
|Falkirk
|Henry Hawley
|Government
|Lord George Murray
|Jacobites
|Jacobites
|Another short engagement ending with Hawley's defeat. He took "revenge" by hanging some of his own men ("Hangman" Hawley)
|-
|16 April 1746
|
|Culloden
|Duke of Cumberland
|Government
|Prince Charles Edward Stewart
|Jacobites
|Government
|Complete defeat of the Jacobite army and the end of the rebellion
|-
| rowspan="2" |War of the League of Augsburg
| rowspan="2" |
|1688
|1697
|League
|France
|1 July 1690
|1 July 1690
|Fleurus
|George of Waldeck
|League
|Duke of Luxemburg
|France
|France
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" |
|League army defeated
|-
| colspan="4" |
|29 July 1693
|29 July 1693
|Neerwinden
|William III
|League
|Duke of Luxemburg
|France
|France
|Complete French victory but unexploited
|-
| rowspan="2" |Great Northern War
| rowspan="2" |
|1700
|1721
|Sweden
|Russia
|20 November 1700
|
|Narva
|Charles XII
|Sweden
|Prince Dolgorouky
|Russia
|Sweden
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" |
|Swedish army victorious under command of 17 year old Charles
|-
| colspan="4" |
|28 June 1709
|
|Poltava
|Charles XII
|Sweden
|Peter the Great
|Russia
|Russia
|Swedish army destroyed. Marked decline of Sweden and rise of Russia
|-
| rowspan="8" |War of the Spanish Succession
| rowspan="8" |
|1701
|1714
|Austria
|France
|30 September 1703
|
|Hochstadt
|Hermann Styrum
|Austria
|Claude de Villars
|France
|France
|11 April 1713
|Utrecht
|Austrians defetaed and French advanced on Vienna
|-
| colspan="2" rowspan="7" |
|Britain
|Bavaria
|2 July 1704
|
|Donauworth
|Duke of Marlborough
|Allies
|Count d'Arco
|France
|Inconclusive
|26 June 1714
|Utrecht
|Churchill attempted to relieve siege of Vienna
|-
| rowspan="6" |
|Spain
|13 August 1704
|
|Blenheim
|Duke of Marlborough
|Allies
|Camille de Tallard
|France
|Allies
| colspan="2" rowspan="6" |
|Franco-Bavarian army destroyed. Vienna relieved and Bavaria overrun
|-
| rowspan="5" |
|23 May 1706
|
|Ramillies
|Duke of Marlborough
|Allies
|Francois de Villeroi
|France
|Allies
|French army decisively defeated. Spanish Netherlands overrun
|-
|7 September 1706
|
|Turin
|Eugene of Savoy
|Allies
|Ferdinand de Marsin
|France
|Allies
|de Marsin killed. French abandoned all gains in Italy
|-
|25 April 1707
|
|Almanza
|Earl of Galway
|Allies
|Duke of Berwick
|France
|France
|Allies defeated by Franco-Spanish force commanded by the son of Marlboroughs sister Arabella. Allied cause in Spain dealt heavy blow. Earl of Galway was exiled French Huguenot.
|-
|11 July 1708
|
|Oudenarde
|Duke of Marlborough
|Allies
|Joseph de Vendome
|France
|Allies
|Victory regained territorial losses of previous years
|-
|11 September 1709
|
|Malplaquet
|Duke of Marlborough
|Allies
|Claude de Villars
|France
|Allies
|Allied victory at heavy cost in casualties
|-
|Austro-Turkish War
|
|1716
|1718
|Autria
|Turks
|16 August 1717
|
|Belgrade
|Eugene of Savoy
|Austria
|Ibrahim Pasha
|Turks
|Austria
|1718
|Passarowitz
|Turks routed and Austrians captured Belgrade
|-
| rowspan="6" |Wars of the Austrian Succession
| rowspan="6" |
|1740
|1748
|Austria
|Prussia
|10 Arpil 1741
|
|Mollwitz
|Count Adam von Niepperg
|Austria
|Frederick the Great
|Prussia
|Prussia
|1748
|Aix-la-Chapelle
|Austria's defeat led to France, Bavaria, Savoy and Saxony declaring war
|-
| colspan="2" rowspan="5" |
|England
|France
|27 June 1743
|
|Dettingen
|George II of England
|Allies
|Duke de Noailles
|France
|Allies
| colspan="2" rowspan="5" |
|George II led decisive infantry counter attack after his horse had previously run away with him. Last British monarch to command in battle
|-
| rowspan="4" |
|Bavaria
|11 May 1745
|
|Fontenoy
|Duke of Cumberland
|Allies
|Count de Saxe
|France
|France
|Hard won French victory followed by British withdrawal to deal with "The 45"
|-
|Savoy
|4 June 1745
|
|Hohenfriedberg
|Prince Charles of Lorraine
|Allies
|Frederick the Great
|Prussia
|Prussia
|
|-
|Saxony
|30 September 1745
|
|Sohr
|Prince Charles of Lorraine
|Allies
|Frederick the Great
|Prussia
|Prussia
|
|-
|
|2 July 1747
|2 July 1747
|Laffeldt
|Duke of Cumberland
|Allies
|Count de Saxe
|France
|France
|Another costly French victory which left them in control of the Netherlands
|-
| rowspan="7" |North America: French and Indian Wars
| rowspan="7" |
|1754
|1763
|Britain
|France
|3 July 1754
|
|Fort Necessity
|George Washington
|Britain
|Captain de Villiers
|France
|France
| colspan="2" rowspan="7" |
|Washington was forced to surrender when his ammunition ran out
|-
| colspan="4" rowspan="6" |
|9 July 1755
|
|Mononghela River
|Edward Braddock
|Britain
|?
|France
|France
|Braddock killed after his column was ambushed. Washington led survivors to safety. British started to adopt new light infantry tactics
|-
|9 August 1757
|
|Fort William Henry
|Monro
|Britain
|Montcalm
|France
|France
|Monro was forced to surrender and the garisson was massacred by France's Indian allies
|-
|9 June 1758
|20 July 1758
|Louisburg
|Amherst
|Britain
|de Drucour
|France
|Britain
|French surrendered the fort which opened the St Lawrence as an invasion route
|-
|8 July 1758
|
|Fort Ticonderoga
|Abercromby
|Britain
|Montcalm
|France
|France
|Inept tactics by Abercromby forced British to withdraw
|-
|24 November 1758
|
|Fort Duquesne
|John Forbes
|Britain
|Garrison Commander
|France
|Britain
|The French abandoned the fort and it was rebuilt as Fort Pitt, later becoming Pittsburgh
|-
|13 September 1759
|
|Quebec
|James Wolfe
|Britain
|Montcalm
|France
|Britain
|Both Wolfe and Montcalm killed. French surrendered
|-
| rowspan="14" |Seven Years' War
| rowspan="14" |
|1756
|1763
|Britain
|Austria
|1 October 1756
|
|Lobositz
|Maximillian von Browne
|Austria
|Frederick the Great
|Prussia
|Prussia
|10 February 1763
|Paris
|Austrians driven off
|-
| colspan="2" rowspan="3" |
|Prussia
|France
|6 May 1757
|
|Prague
|Prince Charles of Lorraine
|Austria
|Frederick the Great
|Prussia
|Prussia
| colspan="2" rowspan="13" |
|Austrians routed
|-
|Hanover
|Russia
|18 June 1757
|
|Kolin
|Leopold von Daun
|Austria
|Frederick the Great
|Prussia
|Austria
|Prussians forced to give up siege of Prague and return to Prussia
|-
|Hess
|Sweden
|23 June 1757
|
|Plassey
|Suraj-ud-Daula
|Bengal
|Robert Clive
|Britain
|Britain
|Clive routed huge army which had sided with the French. Beginning of British expansion in India
|-
| colspan="4" rowspan="10" |
|5 November 1757
|
|Rosshach
|Prince Charles de Soubise
|Allies
|Frederick the Great
|Prussia
|Prussia
|Decisive victory halted French invasion
|-
|5 December 1757
|
|Leuthen
|Prince Charles of Lorraine, von Daun
|Austria
|Frederick the Great
|Prussia
|Prussia
|Austrian army destroyed
|-
|25 August 1758
|
|Zorndorf
|Wilhelm Fermor
|Russia
|Frederick the Great
|Prussia
|Prussia
|Prussians repulsed a Russian invasion
|-
|14 October 1758
|
|Hochkirch
|Leopold von Daun
|Austria
|Frederick the Great
|Prussia
|Austria
|Austrians failed to follow up their victory
|-
|1 August 1759
|
|Minden
|Louis de Contades
|France
|Ferdinand of Brunswick
|Allies
|Allies
|Removed threat of French invasion of Hanover. Brave attack in line by British and Hanoverian battalions was not followed up by Lord George Sackville's cavalry. British battalions continue to celebrate Minden Day
|-
|12 August 1759
|
|Kunersdorf
|von Laudon, Peter Soltikov
|Austria
|Frederick the Great
|Prussia
|Austria
|Prussians soundly beaten by Austro-Russian army which again failed to follow up its victory
|-
|21 Noember 1759
|
|Quiberon Bay
|Edward Hawke
|England
|Conflans
|France
|England
|The French fleet was trapped and destroyed ending a plan to invade Scotland
|-
|31 July 1760
|
|Warburg
|Chevalier du Muy
|France
|Ferdinand of Brunswick
|Allies
|Allies
|French routed after decisive cavalry charge led by the Marquis of Granby
|-
|15 August 1760
|
|Liegnitz
|Gideon vo n Laudon
|Austria
|Frederick the Great
|Prussia
|Prussia
|Prussians fought their way out of an encirclement by Austro-Russian armies which went on to occupy Berlin
|-
|3 November 1760
|
|Torgau
|Leopold von Daun
|Austria
|Frederick the Great
|Prussia
|Prussia
|Narrow victory by Prussians
|-
| rowspan="23" |American War of Independence
| rowspan="23" |
|1775
|1783
|United States
|Britain
|19 April 1775
|
|Lexington and Concord
|John Parker, James Barrett
|United States
|Francis Smith
|Britain
|Britain
|3 September 1783
|Paris
|Use of force escalated the conflict
|-
|
|
|France
|
|17 June 1775
|
|Bunker Hill
|Artemis Ward
|United States
|Thomas Gage, William Howe
|Britain
|Britain
| colspan="2" rowspan="22" |
|Rebels driven off the hill
|-
| colspan="4" rowspan="21" |
|31 December 1775
|
|Quebec
|Benedict Arnold
|United States
|Guy Carleton
|Britain
|Britain
|Attack on Quebec repulsed. Canada stayed loyal to Britain
|-
|26 August 1776
|29 August 1776
|Long Island
|Israel Putnam
|United States
|William Howe
|Britain
|Britain
|Rebels forced t withdraw into Brooklyn
|-
|28 October 1776
|28 October 1776
|White Plains
|George Washington
|United States
|William Howe
|Britain
|Britain
|Washington consistently outmanouevered and forced to retreat
|-
|26 December 1776
|
|Trenton
|George Washington
|United States
|Johann Rall
|Britain
|United States
|Rall killed. Hessian outpost forced to surrender
|-
|3 January 1777
|
|Princeton
|George Washington
|United States
|Charles Mawhood
|Britain
|United States
|Washington gained narrow victory against much smaller British force
|-
|11 September 1777
|
|Brandywine
|George Washington
|United States
|William Howe
|Britain
|Britain
|Washington outmanouevered again and forced to retreat
|-
|19 September 1777
|
|Saratoga (1)
|Horatio Gates
|United States
|John Burgoyne
|Britain
|Inconclusive
|British advance halted
|-
|4 October 1777
|
|Germantown
|George Washington
|United States
|William Howe
|Britain
|Britain
|Washington defeated again and forced to retire to Valley Forge
|-
|7 October 1777
|
|Saratoga (2)
|Horatio Gates
|United States
|John Burgoyne
|Britain
|United States
|Burgoyne faced with superior force surrendered. France recognised United States and joined the war
|-
|28 June 1778
|
|Monmouth
|George Washington
|United States
|Henry Clinton
|Britain
|Inconclusive
|Clinton able to withdraw to New York
|-
|24 June 1779
|7 February 1783
|Gibraltar
|Alvarez
|Spain
|George Eliott
|Britain
|Britain
|British garrison withstood Franco-Spanish siege of 3 yaers and 7 months
|-
|16 September 1779
|9 October 1779
|Savannah
|Benjamin Lincoln
|United States
|Augustine Prevost
|Britain
|Britain
|British drove off combined US and French force
|-
|13 April 1780
|12 May 1780
|Charleston
|Benjamin Lincoln
|United States
|Henry Clinton
|Britain
|Britain
|Charleston was captured in a month
|-
|29 May 1780
|
|Waxhaws
|Abraham Buford
|United States
|Banastre Tarleton
|Britain
|Britain
|"Bloody Tarleton" destroyed the rebel force
|-
|16 August 1780
|
|Camden
|Horatio Gates, de Kalb
|United States
|Charles Cornwallis
|Britain
|Britain
|Baron de Kalb killed. Rebel forces routed
|-
|7 October 1780
|
|King's Mountain
|John Sevier
|United States
|Patrick Ferguson
|Britain
|United States
|Ferguson killed. Column of loyalists surrounded and butchered by rebels (sorry, "patriots")
|-
|17 January 1781
|
|Cowpens
|Daniel Morgan
|United States
|Banastre Tarleton
|Britain
|United States
|Tarleton outmanouevered
|-
|15 March 1781
|
|Guilford Court House
|Nathanael Greene
|United States
|Charles Cornwallis
|Britain
|Britain
|Cornwallis forced his way through superior forces
|-
|5 September 1781
|9 September 1781
|Battle of the Capes
|Comte de Grasse
|France
|Thomas Graves
|Britain
|France
|Naval battle. French fleet sealed off Chesapeake Bay to prevent supply of Yorktown
|-
|8 September 1781
|
|Eutaw Springs
|Nathanael Greene
|United States
|Alexander Stewart
|Britain
|Britain
|Rebel attack repulsed
|-
|28 September 1781
|19 October 1781
|Yorktown
|George Washington, Rochambeau
|United States
|Charles Cornwallis
|Britain
|United States
|Cornwallis forced to surrender after navy lost command of the seas
|-
| rowspan="25" |French Revolutionary Wars
| rowspan="9" |1st Coalition
|1792
|1798
|France
|Austria
|20 September 1792
|
|Valmy
|Francois Kellermann, Charles Dumouriez
|France
|Duke of Brunswick
|Prussia
|France
|1797
|Campo Formio
|Prussians retreated to Germany and French revolutionaries unleashed 23 year war on Europe
|-
| colspan="2" rowspan="8" |
|Spain
|Britain
|27 August 1793
|19 December 1793
|Toulon
|Jacques Dugommier
|France
|Admiral Hood
|Britain
|France
| colspan="2" rowspan="8" |
|Hood left the naval base with 15 captured ships but victory for France engineered by artillery officer Napoleon Bonaparte
|-
| rowspan="7" |
|Prussia
|26 June 1794
|
|Fleurus
|Baptiste Jourdan
|France
|Friedrich Josias
|Allies
|Inconclusive
|Austrians abandoned Belgium to the French. First ever use of observation balloon (by the French)
|-
|Hanover
|10 May 1796
|
|Lodi
|Napoleon
|France
|Jean Pierre Beaulieu
|Austria
|France
|Napoleon went on to capture Milan
|-
| rowspan="5" |
|8 September 1796
|
|Bassano
|Napoleon
|France
|Dagobert Wurmser
|Austria
|France
|Austrians trying to relief Mantua succeeded in entering city but failed to break the siege
|-
|15 November 1796
|17 November 1796
|Arcola
|Napoleon
|France
|Josef Alvintzy
|Austria
|France
|Another failed attempt to break the siege of Mantua
|-
|14 January 1797
|
|Rivoli
|Napoleon
|France
|Josef Alvintzy
|Austria
|France
|Another failed attempt to break the siege of Mantua, which then surrendered
|-
|14 February 1797
|
|Cape St Vincent
|?
|Spain
|John Jervis
|Britain
|Britain
|Naval battle. Spainsh fleet defeated. Nelson distinguishes himself
|-
|24 July 1797
|
|Santa Cruz
|?
|Spain
|Horatio Nelson
|Britain
|Spain
|Nelson loses his arm in failed operation
|-
| rowspan="3" |Irish Rebellion
|1797
|1798
|France
|Britain
|23 February 1797
|
|Fishguard
|William Tate
|France
|John Cawdor
|Britain
|Britain
| colspan="2" rowspan="3" |
|Tate was an American charged with burning Bristol, Liverpool and Chester. Only battle honour issued for an action in the UK.
|-
| colspan="4" rowspan="2" |
|12 June 1798
|
|Vinegar Hill
|Father John Murphy
|Irish Rebels
|Gerard Lake
|Britain
|Britain
|Rebels routed
|-
|8 September 1798
|
|Ballinamuck
|Joseph Humbert
|France
|Charles Cornwallis, Gerard Lake
|Britain
|Britain
|Small French force belatedly attempted to support rebellion but trapped after victory at Castlebar
|-
| rowspan="7" |French Expedition to Egypt
|1798
|1801
|France
|Britain
|21 July 1798
|
|The Pyramids
|Napoleon
|France
|Murad Bey
|Mamelukes
|France
| colspan="2" rowspan="7" |
|French occupied Cairo
|-
| colspan="3" rowspan="6" |
|Egypt
|1 August 1798
|
|Aboukir Bay
|Admiral Brueys
|France
|Admiral Nelson
|Britain
|Britain
|Naval battle. Nelson caught French fleet at anchor in Aboukir Bay. French fleet destroyed and flagship L'Orient exploded. French army cut off in Egypt
|-
| rowspan="5" |
|16 April 1799
|
|Mount Tabor
|Napoleon
|France
|Pasha of Damascus
|Turks
|France
|Napoleon arrived with reinforcements to win battle
|-
|25 July 1799
|
|Aboukir Bay
|Napoleon
|France
|Mustafa IV
|Turks
|France
|Napoleon defeated a Turkish force from Rhodes. Decided to return to France
|-
|8 March 1801
|
|Aboukir Bay
|Louis Friant
|France
|Ralph Abercomby
|Britain
|Britain
|Amphibious landing by British
|-
|13 March 1801
|
|Mandora
|Louis Friant
|France
|Ralph Abercomby
|Britain
|Britain
|Follow up to landings
|-
|21 March 1801
|
|Alexandria
|Louis Friant
|France
|Ralph Abercomby
|Britain
|Britain
|Abercromby died of wounds but victory ended Napoleon's campaigns in North Africaa
|-
| rowspan="2" |2nd Coalition
|1798
|1801
|France
|Austria
|14 June 1800
|
|Marengo
|Napoleon
|France
|Michael Melas
|Austria
|France
|1801
|Luneville
|Napoleon saved by the prompt action of Louis Desaix, who was killed in the action. Austrians abandoned northern Italy
|-
| colspan="4" |
|3 December 1800
|
|Hohenlinden
|Jean Moreau
|France
|Archduke John
|Austria
|France
|1802
|Amiens
|Austrians forced to abandon Germany and sue for peace
|-
|
|
|
|Denmark
|Britain
|2 April 1801
|
|Copenhagen
|?
|Denmark
|Hyde Parker
|Britain
|Britain
| colspan="2" |
|Copenhagen surrendered. Nelson famously "saw no signal"
|-
| rowspan="3" |Wars in India
|1799
|1805
|France
|Britain
|6 April 1799
|3 May 1799
|Seringapatam
|Tippoo Sahib
|Mysore
|George Harris
|Britain
|Britain
| colspan="2" rowspan="3" |
|British decided to end the rule of pro-French sultan of Mysore. Arthur Wellesley became de facto ruler of Mysore for 4 years after Tippoo killed during the storming of the city
|-
|
|
|Mysore
|
|23 September 1803
|
|Assaye
|Dowlut Rao Scindia
|Maratha
|Arthur Wellesley
|Britain
|Britain
|Wellesley defeated an army 10 times the size of his own and which was French trained and with a German infantry commander
|-
|
|
|Maratha Confederacy
|
|1 November 1803
|
|Laswari
|Suwar Khan
|Maratha
|Gerard Lake
|Britain
|Britain
|Maratha army routed and Dowlut Rao Scindia sued for peace
|-
| rowspan="32" |Napoleonic Wars
| rowspan="4" |3rd Coalition
|1805
|1806
|France
|Austria
|20 October 1805
|
|Ulm
|Napoleon I
|France
|Mack von Leiberich
|Austria
|France
|1805
|Pressberg
|Austrian army capitulated without a fight after being cut off from Russian support
|-
|
|
|Spain
|Britain
|21 October 1805
|
|Trafalgar
|Pierre de Villeneuve
|France
|Horatio Nelson
|Britain
|Britain
| colspan="2" rowspan="3" |
|Nelson killed at the moment of victory
|-
| colspan="3" rowspan="2" |
|Prussia
|2 Dec ember 1805
|
|Austerlitz
|Napoleon I
|France
|Mikhail Kutuzov
|Russia
|France
|"Battle of the Three Emperors". Austro-Russian army defeated and Austria sued for peace
|-
|Russia
|4 July 1806
|
|Maida
|Jean Reynier
|France
|John Stuart
|Britain
|Britain
|Amphibious landing cleared lower Italy of French presence. Maida Vale in London takes its name from this action
|-
| rowspan="3" |4th Coalition
|1806
|1807
|France
|Austria
|14 October 1806
|
|Jena/Auestadt
|Napoleon I, Davout
|France
|Friedrich Hohenlohe, Duke of Briunswick
|Prussia
|France
|
|Treaty of Tilsit
|Twin victories at battles 13 miles apart led to capture of Berlin
|-
| colspan="3" rowspan="2" |
|Prussia
|8 February 1807
|
|Eylau
|Napoleon I
|France
|Levin Bennigsen
|Russia
|Inconclusive
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" |
|Russians could not prevent French from taking Danzig
|-
|Russia
|14 June 1807
|
|Friedland
|Napoleon I
|France
|Levin Bennigsen
|Russia
|France
|Russians routed and called for armistice
|-
|
| colspan="3" |
|Britain
|16 August 1807
|5 September 1807
|Copenhagen
|Prince Frederick
|Denmark
|James Gambier
|Britain
|Britain
| colspan="2" |
|Danish surrendered
|-
| rowspan="13" |Peninsular War
|1807
|1814
|France
|Britain
|19 July 1808
|
|Baylen
|Pierre Dupont
|France
|Francisco de Castanos
|Spain
|Spain
|
|Convention of Cintra
|French ran out of water and were forced to surrender
|-
| colspan="3" rowspan="12" |
|Portugal
|21 August 1808
|
|Vimeiro
|Junot
|France
|Arthur Wellesley
|Britain
|Britain
| colspan="2" rowspan="12" |
|French defeated and surrendered but were allowed to sail away in British ships
|-
|Spain
|16 January 1809
|
|Corunna
|Soult
|France
|John Moore
|Britain
|Inconclusive
|Moore killed and eventually replaced by Wellesley. Frenc unable to prevent Moore from embarking his army on safety
|-
| rowspan="10" |
|27 July 1809
|28 July 1809
|Talavera
|Joseph Bonaparte, Victor
|France
|Arthur Wellesley
|Britain
|Britain
|Wellesley forced to retreat back into Portugal despite his tactical victory
|-
|27 September 1810
|
|Busaco
|Massena
|France
|Duke of Wellington
|Britain
|Britain
|French repulsed as British retreated to Lines of Torres Vedras
|-
|5 March 1811
|
|Barrossa
|Victor
|France
|Thomas Graham
|Britain
|Britain
|Attack on the French besieging Cadiz forced them to commit more trroops to the campaign
|-
|3 May 1811
|5 May 1811
|Fuentes de Onoro
|Massena
|France
|Duke of Wellington
|Britain
|Inconclusive
|Massena abandoned attempted conquest of Portugal
|-
|16 May 1811
|
|Albuerra
|Soult
|France
|William Beresford
|Britain
|Britain
|Hard fought victory for Anglo-Spanish army besieging Badajoz
|-
|7 January 1812
|19 January 1812
|Ciudad Rodrigo
|Barrie
|France
|Duke of Wellington
|Britain
|Britain
|Important frontier fortress captured by the British
|-
|16 March 1812
|6 April 1812
|Badajoz
|Phillipon
|France
|Duke of Wellington
|Britain
|Britain
|Second important frontier fortress captured by the British
|-
|22 July 1812
|
|Salamanca
|Marmont
|France
|Duke of Wellington
|Britain
|Britain
|Serious defeat for the French. British temporarily occupied Madrid
|-
|21 June 1813
|
|Vittoria
|Joseph Bonaparte, Jourdan
|France
|Duke of Wellington
|Britain
|Britain
|French routed and retreated back to France through the Pyrenees
|-
|10 April 1814
|
|Toulouse
|Soult
|France
|Duke of Wellington
|Britain
|Britain
|Last battle of the war and first on French soil. Soult abandoned Toulouse and signed local armistice with Wellington
|-
| rowspan="3" |5th Coalition
|1809
|1809
|France
|Austria
|19 April 1809
|20 April 1809
|Abernsberg
|Napoleon I
|France
|Archduke Charles
|Austria
|France
| colspan="2" rowspan="3" |
|Austrian army split and defeated, French enter Vienna
|-
| colspan="4" rowspan="2" |
|21 May 1809
|22 May 1809
|Aspern-Essling
|Napoleon I
|France
|Archduke Charles
|Austria
|Austria
|Lannes killed and French forced to check advance
|-
|5 July 1809
|6 Juily 1809
|Wagram
|Napoleon I
|France
|Archduke Charles
|Austria
|France
|Austrians withdrew and forced to sign armistice
|-
| rowspan="8" |6th Coalition
|1812
|1814
|France
|Austria
|7 September 1812
|
|Borodino
|Napoleon I
|France
|Kutusov
|Russia
|France
|30 May 1814
|Paris
|French victory at heavy cost for both armies. Russians withdrew and French occupied Moscow
|-
| colspan="3" rowspan="7" |
|Britain
|24 October 1812
|
|Maloyaroslavets
|Eugene de Beauharnias
|France
|Docturov
|Russia
|Inconclusive
| colspan="2" rowspan="7" |
|French forced to retrace steps rather than take new route for retreat from Moscow
|-
|Prussia
|26 November 1812
|28 November 1812
|Berezina River
|Napoleon I
|France
|Kutusov
|Russia
|Russia
|French fought their way through but at such a cost that the Grand Army was finished as a fighting force
|-
|Russia
|2 May 1813
|
|Lutzen
|Napoleon I
|France
|Blucher
|Prussia
|France
|Russo-Prussian army defeated and French occupied Dresden
|-
|Sweden
|20 May 1813
|22 May 1813
|Bautzen
|Napoleon I
|France
|Blucher
|Prussia
|France
|Russo-Prussian army retreated into Silesia
|-
| rowspan="3" |
|26 August 1813
|27 August 1813
|Dresden
|Napoleon I
|France
|Karl von Schwarzenberg
|Allies
|France
|French failed to follow up their victory
|-
|16 October 1813
|18 October 1813
|Leipzig
|Napoleon I
|France
|Blucher, von Schwarzenberg, Bernadotte
|Allies
|Allies
|"Battle of the Nations". Napoleon forced to retreat
|-
|30 March 1814
|
|Paris
|Marmont, Mortier
|France
|Karl von Schwarzenberg
|Allies
|Allies
|French defeat and Marmont signed armistice and surrendered Paris. Napleon abdicated
|-
| rowspan="12" |War of 1812
| rowspan="12" |
|1812
|1815
|Britain
|United States
|13 October 1812
|
|Queenston Heights
|Isaac Brock
|Britain
|Stephen van Rensselaer
|United States
|Britain
|24 December 1815
|Treaty of Ghent
|American force destroyed
|-
| colspan="4" rowspan="11" |
|22 January 1813
|
|Frenchtown
|Henry Proctor
|Britain
|James Winchester
|United States
|Britain
| colspan="2" rowspan="11" |
|American force destroyed
|-
|6 June 1813
|
|Stony Creek
|John Vincent
|Britain
|William Winder
|United States
|Britain
|British night attack on American camp
|-
|10 September 1813
|
|Lake Erie
|Robert Barclay
|Britain
|Perry
|United States
|United States
|Naval battle
|-
|5 October 1813
|
|The Thames
|Henry Proctor
|Britain
|William Harrison
|United States
|United States
|Chief Tecumseh killed, which led to end of British Indian Confederacy. Americans failed to follow up victory and Harrison resigned (later President for 1 month)
|-
|25 October 1813
|
|Chateaugay River
|George Macdonell
|Britain
|Wade Hampton
|United States
|Britain
|Canadian forces held off American invading force
|-
|11 November 1813
|
|Chrysler's Farm
|J W Brown
|Britain
|John Boyd
|United States
|Britain
|American force routed and American invasion of Canada thwarted
|-
|5 July 1814
|
|Chippewa
|Phineas Riall
|Britain
|Jacob Brown
|United States
|United States
|American regulars under Winfield Scott repulsed British forces
|-
|25 July 1814
|
|Lundy's Lane
|Gordon Drummond
|Britain
|Jacob Brown
|United States
|Inconclusive
|Hard fought in which Drummond, Jacob Brown, Scott and Riall were all wounded
|-
|24 August 1814
|
|Bladensburg
|Robert Ross
|Britain
|William Winder
|United States
|Britain
|American force routed and Washington, including future "White House" burned
|-
|12 September 1814
|
|Baltimore
|Robert Ross
|Britain
|Arthur Brooke, Samuel Smith
|United States
|Inconclusive
|Ross killed. This battle was inspiration for Francis Scott Key's "Star Spangled Banner"
|-
|8 January 1815
|
|New Orleans
|Edward Pakenham
|Britain
|Andrew Jackson
|United States
|United States
|British failed to capture New Orleans both sides being unaware that a treaty ending the war had been signed 2 weeks earlier. Jackson became President in 1828
|-
| rowspan="3" |Napoleonic Wars
| rowspan="3" |Waterloo Campaign
|1815
|1815
|France
|Britain
|16 June 815
|
|Ligny
|Napoleon I
|France
|Blucher
|Prussia
|France
|20 November 1815
|Paris
|Napoleon failed to stop the majority of the Prussian army from withdrawing in order to join Wellington at Waterloo
|-
| colspan="3" rowspan="2" |
|Netherlands
|16 June 1815
|
|Quatre Bras
|Ney
|France
|Duke of Wellington
|Britain
|Inconclusive
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" |
|Ney failed to press home an early advantage and Wellngton withdrew to Mont St Jean, Waterloo
|-
|Prussia
|18 June 1815
|
|Waterloo
|Napoleon I
|France
|Duke of Wellington, Blucher
|Allies
|Allies
|A damn near run thing.
|-
| rowspan="20" |British Wars in India, Afghanistan and China
|Bhurtpore
|1826
|1860
|Britain
|Bhurtpore
|1 December 1825
|18 January 1826
|Bhurtpore
|Lord Combermere
|Britain
|Regent of Bhurtpore
|Bhurtpore
|Britain
| colspan="2" |
|Walls of this formidable fortress mined, city captured and illegal regent deposed
|-
| rowspan="2" |Afghan War (1)
|1839
|1842
|Britain
|Afghanistan
|6 January 1842
|13 January 1842
|Jugdulluck
|William Elphinstone
|Britain
|Akbar Khan
|Afghanistan
|Afghanistan
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" |
|British column wiped out. Dr Brydon only known survivor to reach Jellalabad. Others taken hostage
|-
|
|
|
|
|14 November 1841
|16 April 1842
|Jellalabad
|Sir George Sale
|Britain
|Akbar Khan
|Afghanistan
|Britain
|Garrison of Jellalabad resisted siege and drove off besiegers
|-
|Sind
|1843
|1843
|Britain
|Sind
|17 February 1843
|
|Meeanee
|Sir Charles Napier
|Britain
|Amirs of Sind
|Sind
|Britain
| colspan="2" |
|Peccavi ("I have sinned")
|-
| rowspan="4" |Sikh War (1)
|1845
|1846
|Britain
|Sikhs
|18 December 1845
|
|Mudki
|Sir Hugh Gough
|Britain
|Lal Singh
|Sikhs
|Britain
| colspan="2" rowspan="4" |
|Sikh invasion repulsed
|-
| colspan="4" rowspan="3" |
|21 December 1845
|22 December 1845
|Ferozeshah
|Sir Hugh Gough
|Britain
|Lal Singh
|Sikhs
|Britain
|Bloody battle which saw the Sikhs repulsed
|-
|28 January 1846
|
|Aliwal
|Sir Harry Smith
|Britain
|Ranjur Singh
|Sikhs
|Britain
|Further Sikh invasion beaten back
|-
|10 February 1846
|
|Sobraon
|Sir Hugh Gough
|Britain
|Tej Singh
|Sikhs
|Britain
|Sikhs decisively defeated and Punjab became s British protectorate
|-
| rowspan="2" |Sikh War (2)
|1846
|1849
|Britain
|Sikhs
|13 January 1849
|
|Chilianwallah
|Lord Gough
|Britain
|Sher Singh
|Sikhs
|Sikhs
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" |
|Poor tactics allowed Sikhs to regain the field after a bloody battle
|-
| colspan="4" |
|21 February 1849
|
|Gujerat
|Lord Gough
|Britain
|Sher Singh
|Sikhs
|Britain
|Sikhs decisively defeated and Punjab annexed
|-
|Opium War (2)
|1856
|1860
|Britain
|China
|21 August 1860
|
|Taku Forts
|James Grant
|Britain
|Hang Foo
|China
|Britain
|1858
|Tientsin
|British advanced on Peking and Chinese sued for peace
|-
| rowspan="5" |Indian Mutiny
|1857
|1858
|Britain
|Indian Mutineers
|8 June 1857
|20 September 1857
|Delhi
|Archdale Wilson
|Britain
|Bahadur Khan
|Indian Mutineers
|Britain
| colspan="2" rowspan="5" |
|Delhi stormed and captured by British
|-
| colspan="4" rowspan="4" |
|1 July 1857
|19 November 1857
|Lucknow
|Sir Henry Lawrence
|Britain
|Ahmadullah Shah
|Indian Mutineers
|Britain
|Lucknow besieged by large force of mutineers. Eventually relieved by second Relief Force
|-
|6 December 1857
|
|Cawnpore
|Sir Colin Campbell
|Britain
|Tantia Topi
|Indian Mutineers
|Britain
|Mutineers routed in turning point of the Mutiny
|-
|1 April 1858
|
|Betwa
|Sir Hugh Rose
|Britain
|Tantia Topi
|Indian Mutineers
|Britain
|Small British force routed an army of 20,000 mutineers
|-
|17 June 1858
|20 June 1858
|Gwalior
|Sir Hugh Rose
|Britain
|Tantia Topi
|Indian Mutineers
|Britain
|Mutineers routed and Gwalior captured
|-
| rowspan="4" |Afghan War (2)
|1878
|1880
|Britain
|Afghanistan
|6 October 1879
|
|Charasia
|Sir Frederick Roberts
|Britain
|?
|Afghanistan
|Britain
| colspan="2" rowspan="4" |
|Afghans opposed to pro-British King routed and Kabul taken. First use of heliograph in the field
|-
| colspan="4" rowspan="3" |
|23 December 1879
|
|Sherpur
|Sir Frederick Roberts
|Britain
|Mohammed Jan
|Afghanistan
|Britain
|Afghan force dispersed
|-
|27 July 1880
|
|Maiwand
|G R S Burrows
|Britain
|Ayub Khan
|Afghanistan
|Afghanistan
|Small British force overwhelmed and survivors fled to Kandahar
|-
|1 September 1880
|
|Kandahar
|Sir Frederick Roberts
|Britain
|Ayub Khan
|Afghanistan
|Britain
|Afghan army dispersed and new King agreeable to both sides put on throne
|-
|Greek War of Independence
|
|1821
|1832
|Greece
|Turkey
|14 August 1844
|
|Codrington
|Codrington
|Allies
|Tagir Pasha
|Turks
|Allies
|1832
|Constantinople
|Combined British-French-Russian fleet defeated Turkish-Egyptian fleet. Last major battle of wooden warships
|-
|French Conquest of Algeria
|
|1844
|1844
|France
|Algeria
|14 August 1844
|
|Isly
|Thomas Bugeaud
|France
|Abd-el-Kader
|Algeria
|France
| colspan="2" |
|Decisive French victory
|-
| rowspan="7" |U S - Mexican War
| rowspan="7" |
|1846
|1848
|United States
|Mexico
|8 May 1846
|9 May 1846
|Palo Alto
|Zachary Taylor
|United States
|Mariano Arists
|Mexico
|United States
|1848
|Guadalupe-Hidalgo
|Mexican force attacking Camp Texas forced to retreat
|-
| colspan="4" rowspan="6" |
|20 September 1846
|24 September 1846
|Monterrey
|Zachary Taylor
|United States
|Pedro de Apudia
|Mexico
|United States
| colspan="2" rowspan="6" |
|Mexicans surrendered
|-
|22 February 1847
|23 February 1847
|Buena Vista
|Zachary Taylor
|United States
|Santa Anna
|Mexico
|United States
|Hard won and narrow victory for US
|-
|18 April 1847
|
|Cerro Gordo
|Winfield Scott
|United States
|Santa Anna
|Mexico
|United States
|Mexican position forced after hard fighting
|-
|20 August 1847
|
|Contreras-Churubusco
|Winfield Scott
|United States
|Santa Anna
|Mexico
|United States
|Santa Anna withdrew to Chapultepec
|-
|8 September 1847
|
|Molino del Rey
|Winfield Scott
|United States
|Santa Anna
|Mexico
|United States
|
|-
|13 September 1847
|
|Chapultepec
|Winfield Scott
|United States
|Santa Anna
|Mexico
|United States
|Santa Anna was forced to abandon Mexico City, which was occupied by the US army
|-
| rowspan="4" |Crimean War
| rowspan="4" |
|1854
|1855
|Russia
|Britain
|20 September 1854
|
|Alma
|Alexander Menshikov
|Russia
|Lord Raglan
|Allies
|Allies
|30 March 1856
|Paris
|Russians driven off. "The Thin Red Line"
|-
| colspan="3" rowspan="3" |
|France
|25 October 1854
|
|Balaklava
|Alexander Menshikov
|Russia
|Lord Raglan
|Allies
|Allies
| colspan="2" rowspan="3" |
|Russians repulsed. "Charge of the Light Brigade"
|-
|Turkey
|5 November 1854
|
|Inkerman
|Alexander Menshikov
|Russia
|Lord Raglan
|Allies
|Allies
|Russian attempt to break siege of Sevastapol failed
|-
|
|28 September 1854
|8 September 1855
|Sevastapol
|Alexander Menshikov
|Russia
|Lord Raglan
|Allies
|Allies
|Russians evacuated Sevastapol
|-
| rowspan="2" |Italian Wars of Independence
| rowspan="2" |
|1859
|1859
|Piedmomt
|Austria
|4 June 1859
|
|Magenta
|MacMahon
|Allies
|von Clam-Gallas
|Austria
|Allies
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" |
|Austrians forced to retreat
|-
| colspan="2" |
|France
|
|24 June 1859
|
|Solferino
|Napoleon III
|Allies
|Franz Josef
|Austria
|Allies
|Costly Allied victory which led to the forming of the Red Cross
|-
| rowspan="36" |American Civil War
| rowspan="36" |
|1861
|1865
|Union
|Confederate States
|12 April 1861
|14 April 1861
|Fort Sumter
|Robert Anderson
|Union
|P G T Beuaregard
|Confederate States
|Confederate States
| colspan="2" rowspan="36" |
|First shots fired at 4:30 am
|-
|
|
|
|
|21 July 1861
|
|Bull Run (1)
|Irvin McDowell
|Union
|Joe Johnston, P G T Beauregard
|Confederate States
|Confederate States
|Confederate troops moved to the field by train. Defense by "Stonewall" Jackson's brigade turned battle. Also known as Manassas (1)
|-
|
|
|
|
|6 February 1862
|16 February 1862
|Fort Donelson
|U S Grant
|Union
|John B Floyd
|Confederate States
|Union
|After capturing Fort Henry on the Tenessee River, Grant attacked and took the sister fort on the Cumberland. Grant demanded "Complete and Unconditional Surrender" thus earning his nickname "Unconditional Surrender Grant"
|-
|
|
|
|
|6 April 1862
|7 April 1862
|Shiloh
|U S Grant, Don Carlos Buell
|Union
|A S Johnson, P G T Beauregard
|Confederate States
|Union
|A S Jonston killed. Attack took Union army by surprise and fought defensive battle on first day ("Hornets Nest"). Grant was reinforced by Buell overnight and went on the offensive, driving back the Confederates and taking Corinth. Also known as Pittsburg Landing
|-
|
|
|
|
|31 May 1862
|1 June 1862
|Seven Pines
|George Maclennan
|Union
|Joe Johnston
|Confederate States
|Inconclusive
|MacLennan halted his advance on Richmond. Also known as Fair Oaks
|-
|
|
|
|
|9 June 1862
|
|Port Republic
|Erastus Tyler
|Union
|Thomas Jackson
|Confederate States
|Confederate States
|Jackson tied down large Union forces in the Shenandoah Valley
|-
|
|
|
|
|25 June 1862
|1 July 1862
|Seven Days
|George Maclennan
|Union
|Robert E Lee
|Confederate States
|Confederate States
|Battles took place over 7 days - Mechanicsville, Gaines Mill, Savage Station, Fraysers Farm and Malvern Hill. Union army forced back and abandoned the peninsula to return to Washington
|-
|
|
|
|
|9 August 1862
|
|Cedar Mountain
|Nathaniel Banks
|Union
|Thomas Jackson
|Confederate States
|Confederate States
|Banks failed to halt Confederate advance
|-
|
|
|
|
|28 August 1862
|30 August 1862
|Bull Run (2)
|John Pope
|Union
|Robert E Lee
|Confederate States
|Confederate States
|Pope failed to detect flanking action by Longstreet and his army was routed. Also known as Manassas (2)
|-
|
|
|
|
|13 September 1862
|15 September 1862
|Harper's Ferry
|Dixon Miles
|Union
|Thomas Jackson
|Confederate States
|Confederate States
|Largest Union capitulation
|-
|
|
|
|
|17 September 1862
|
|Antietam
|George Maclennan
|Union
|Robert E Lee
|Confederate States
|Union
|Lee forced to abandon his invasion of the North. Lincoln needed a victory, however narrow, to prepare the issuing of the Emancipation Proclamation
|-
|
|
|
|
|3 October 1862
|4 October 1862
|Corinth
|William Rosecrans
|Union
|Earl van Dorn
|Confederate States
|Union
|Confederate attempt to recover Corinth repulsed
|-
|
|
|
|
|8 October 1862
|
|Perryville
|Don Carlos Buell
|Union
|Braxton Bragg
|Confederate States
|Inconclusive
|Confederate attempt to invade Kentucky halted
|-
|
|
|
|
|13 December 1862
|
|Fredericksburg
|Ambrose Burnside
|Union
|Robert E Lee
|Confederate States
|Confederate States
|Ambrose's attempt to capture the town was bloodily repulsed with a series of attacks on Maryes Heights.
|-
|
|
|
|
|31 December 1862
|2 January 1863
|Stones River
|William Rosecrans
|Union
|Braxton Bragg
|Confederate States
|Inconclusive
|Confederate forces withdrew south into Tennessee
|-
|
|
|
|
|1 May 1863
|5 May 1863
|Chancellorsville
|Joseph Hooker
|Union
|Robert E Lee
|Confederate States
|Confederate States
|Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson fatally wounded after battle by friendly fire. He had achieved complete surprise by a flanking movement which threatened to roll up the Union line
|-
|
|
|
|
|19 May 1863
|4 July 1863
|Vicksburg
|U S Grant
|Union
|John Pemberton
|Confederate States
|Union
|After a series of unsuccessful attempts Grant managed to get the bulk of his army across the Mississippi and invested Vicksburg. Pemberton surrendered on Independence Day and the day after Gettysburg
|-
|
|
|
|
|9 June 1863
|
|Brandy Station
|Alfred Pleasanton
|Union
|J E B Stuart
|Confederate States
|Confederate States
|Largest cavalry engagement of the war
|-
|
|
|
|
|1 July 1863
|3 July 1863
|Gettysburg
|George Meade
|Union
|Robert E Lee
|Confederate States
|Union
|Lack of information from Stuart led to the forces meeting almost by accident and a general engagement starting without Lee's blessing. Major actions on Little Round Top (day 2) and Picketts Charge (day 3)
|-
|
|
|
|
|18 September 1863
|20 September 1863
|Chickamauga
|William Rosecrans
|Union
|Braxton Bragg
|Confederate States
|Confederate States
|Hard fought win for Confederates forced Rosecrans to retreat into Chattanooga. George Thomas nicknamed "Rock of Chicamauga" for his defensive stand
|-
|
|
|
|
|24 November 1863
|25 November 1863
|Chattanooga
|U S Grant
|Union
|Braxton Bragg
|Confederate States
|Union
|Two battles - Lookout Mountain and Missionary Ridge - enabled Grant to break the siege
|-
|
|
|
|
|8 April 1864
|9 April 1864
|Mansfield
|Nathaniel Banks
|Union
|Richard Taylor
|Confederate States
|Confederate States
|An attempt to penetrate Texas repulsed
|-
|
|
|
|
|5 May 1864
|6 May 1864
|Wilderness
|U S Grant
|Union
|Robert E Lee
|Confederate States
|Inconclusive
|Grant ignored heavy casualties and tried to turn Lee's flank and continued to advance
|-
|
|
|
|
|8 May 1864
|18 May 1864
|Spotsylvania Courthouse
|U S Grant
|Union
|Robert E Lee
|Confederate States
|Inconclusive
|Grant ignored heavy casualties and tried to turn Lee's flank and continued to advance. Intense action at "the bloody angle"
|-
|
|
|
|
|11 May 1864
|
|Yellow Tavern
|Phillip Sheridan
|Union
|J E B Stuart
|Confederate States
|Union
|J E B Stuart killed and Confederate cavalry driven off
|-
|
|
|
|
|31 May 1864
|3 June 1864
|Cold Harbor
|U S Grant
|Union
|Robert E Lee
|Confederate States
|Inconclusive
|Grant's attack was repulsed but he contiuned to try an turn Lee's flank and march South
|-
|
|
|
|
|15 June 1864
|18 June 1864
|Petersburg
|Benjamin Butler
|Union
|P G T Beuaregard
|Confederate States
|Confederate States
|Butler failed to press an attack on Petersburg while it was relatively undefended. Result was a protracted siege instead of a potential end to the war
|-
|
|
|
|
|27 June 1864
|
|Kennesaw Mountain
|William Tecumsah Sherman
|Union
|Joseph Johnston
|Confederate States
|Union
|Johnston successfully held up Sherman's march on Atlanta but is replaced by John Bell Hood and Sherman moves to outflank him
|-
|
|
|
|
|9 July 1864
|
|Monocacy
|Lew Wallace
|Union
|Jubal Early
|Confederate States
|Confederate States
|Early made a march on Washington and defeated the future author in a hard fought battle but was driven back from the capital two days later
|-
|
|
|
|
|20 July 1864
|31 August 1864
|Atlanta
|William Tecumsah Sherman
|Union
|John Bell Hood
|Confederate States
|Union
|Replacing Joe Johnston, Hood tried an aggressive approach which played into Sherman's hands and enabled him to capture Atlanta
|-
|
|
|
|
|30 July 1864
|
|The Crater
|U S Grant
|Union
|Robert E Lee
|Confederate States
|Confederate States
|A massive mine under the Confederate defences was exploded but the subsequent attack stalled in the crater this formed and was bloodily repulsed
|-
|
|
|
|
|19 October 1864
|
|Cedar Creek
|Phillip Sheridan
|Union
|Jubal Early
|Confederate States
|Union
|Early was operating successfully in the Shenandoah Valley until Sheridan arrived
|-
|
|
|
|
|9 December 1864
|21 December 1864
|Savannah
|William Tecumsah Sherman
|Union
|William Hardee
|Confederate States
|Union
|The end of Sherman's march to the sea
|-
|
|
|
|
|15 December 1864
|16 December 1864
|Nashville
|George Thomas
|Union
|John Bell Hood
|Confederate States
|Union
|Hood's attempt to distract Sherman by invading Tennessee ended when his army was all but destroyed in the most successful tactical battle of the war
|-
|
|
|
|
|1 April 1865
|
|Five Forks
|U S Grant
|Union
|Robert E Lee
|Confederate States
|Union
|Grant sent Sheridan to outflank Lee's lines at Petersburg and cut the rail supply line
|-
|
|
|
|
|9 April 1865
|
|Appomatox Court House
|U S Grant
|Union
|Robert E Lee
|Confederate States
|Union
|Lee's depleted army was trapped and unable to try and join Joe Johnston. Lee forced to surrender
|-
| rowspan="2" |French Intervention in Mexico
| rowspan="2" |
|1863
|1863
|France
|Mexico
|30 April 1863
|
|Camerone
|Jean Danjou
|France
|Colonel Milan
|Mexico
|Mexico
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" |
|A patrol of 65 Foreign Legionnaries was besieged in farm buildings by 2000 Mexicans and all were either killed , wounded or captured. Danjou's artificial hand was recovered and is now a prized possession of the Foreign Legion
|-
|
|
|
|
|4 May 1863
|17 May 1863
|La Puebla
|Elie-Frederic Forey
|France
|Ignacio Zaragoza
|Mexico
|France
|French advance on Mexico City temporarliy checked at fortified city of La Puebla
|-
| rowspan="3" |Austro-Prussian War
| rowspan="3" |
|1866
|1866
|Prussia
|Austria
|24 June 1866
|
|Custozza
|Alfonso di La Marmora
|Italy
|Archduke Albert
|Austria
|Austria
| colspan="2" rowspan="3" |
|Italian army defeated
|-
|
|
|Italy
|Hanover
|27 June 1866
|29 June 1866
|Langensalza
|Vogel von Falkenstein
|Prussia
|George V of Hanover
|Hanover
|Prussia
|Prussians invaded Hanover
|-
|
|
|
|
|3 July 1866
|
|Koniggratz
|Helmuth von Moltke
|Prussia
|Ludwig von Benedek
|Austria
|Prussia
|Austria defeated and Prussia emerged as the chief power in Central Europe
|-
| rowspan="3" |American Indian Wars
| rowspan="3" |
|1866
|1876
|United States
|Indian Tribes
|21 December 1866
|
|Fetterman Massacre
|Henry Carrington
|United States
|Chief Red Cloud
|Sioux, Cheyenne
|Sioux, Cheyenne
| colspan="2" rowspan="3" |
|Sent by Carrington from Fort Kearny Fetterman lured into trap and his force of 80 men massacred. He had previously boasted "give me 80 men and I'll march through the whole Sioux nation"
|-
| colspan="4" rowspan="2" |
|2 August 1867
|
|Wagon Box Fight
|John Smith
|United States
|Chief Red Cloud
|Sioux, Cheyenne
|United States
|Similar attack strategy to the Fetterman Massacre but this time the newly issued Springfield rifle tipped the balance against the Sioux and Cheyenne
|-
|25 June 1876
|26 June 1876
|Little Big Horn
|Alfred Terry
|United States
|Chief Sitting Bull, Crazy Horse
|Sioux, Cheyenne
|Sioux, Cheyenne
|Custer's column launched a premature attack against overwhelming odds and were massacred
|-
|Anglo-Abyssinian War
|
|1867
|1868
|Britain
|Abyssinia
|31 April 1868
|
|Aroghee
|Sir Robert Napier
|Britain
|Emperor Theodore
|Abyssinia
|Britain
| colspan="2" |
|Abyssian army defeated after which Theodore committed suicide
|-
| rowspan="8" |Franco-Prussian War
| rowspan="8" |
|1870
|1871
|Prussia
|France
|6 August 1870
|
|Spicheren
|Karl Friedrich von Steinmetz
|Prussia
|Charles Auguste Frossard
|France
|Prussia
|1871
|Frankfurt
|French army forced to withdraw
|-
| colspan="4" rowspan="7" |
|6 August 1870
|
|Worth
|Prince Friedrich Wilhelm
|Prussia
|Edme Patric Maurice Macmahon
|France
|Prussia
| colspan="2" rowspan="7" |
|French army overwhelmed after a stubborn defence
|-
|16 August 1870
|
|Mars-la-Tour
|Prince Friedrich Karl
|Prussia
|Francois Achille Bazaine
|France
|Inconclusive
|French withdrew towards defensive lines the next day. Largest cavalry melee in Europe. Major von Bredow's "Death Ride". Also known as Vionville
|-
|18 August 1870
|
|Gravelotte-St-Privat
|Helmuth von Moltke
|Prussia
|Francois Achille Bazaine
|France
|Prussia
|French could have won and turned the course of European history if Bazaine had adopted a more positive approach. Instead he withdrew to Metz where he was besieged
|-
|19 August 1870
|27 October 1870
|Metz
|Prince Friedrich Karl
|Prussia
|Francois Achille Bazaine
|France
|Prussia
|French army surrendered and released 2 Prussian armies to fight elsewhere. After the war Bazaine was court-martialled and sentenced to 20 years imprisonment
|-
|1 September 1870
|
|Sedan
|Helmuth von Moltke
|Prussia
|Napoleon III
|France
|Prussia
|French army failed to break out of Sedan and surrendered, including Napoleon III
|-
|20 September 1870
|28 January 1871
|Paris
|Helmuth von Moltke
|Prussia
|Louis Trochu
|France
|Prussia
|City starved into surrender
|-
|15 January 1871
|17 January 1871
|Belfort
|Wilhelm Werder
|Prussia
|Charles Bourbaki
|France
|Prussia
|French army failed to relieve fortress in Alsace and was led into internment in Switzerland
|-
|Ashanti War (2)
|
|1873
|1874
|Britain
|Ashanti
|31 January 1874
|
|Amoaful
|Sir Garnet Wolseley
|Britain
|King Coffee Calcalli
|Ashanti
|Britain
|
|
|Ashanti army defeated
|-
| rowspan="2" |Russo-Turkish War
| rowspan="2" |
|1877
|1878
|Turkey
|Russia
|19 July 1877
|10 December 1877
|Plevna
|Osman Pasha
|Turkey
|General Krudener
|Russia
|Russia
|1878
|Berlin
|Turkish army suceeded in severely delaying Russian invasion of Bulgaria
|-
| colspan="4" |
|17 November 1877
|18 November 1877
|Kars
|Hussein Pasha
|Turkey
|Loris Melikoff
|Russia
|Russia
| colspan="2" |
|Russians stormed fortress in night attack
|-
| rowspan="4" |Zulu War
| rowspan="4" |
|1879
|1879
|Britain
|Zulul Nation
|22 January 1879
|
|Isandhlwana
|Lord Chelmsford
|Britain
|Tshingwayo
|Zulu Nation
|Zulu Nation
| colspan="2" rowspan="4" |
|British camp overrun and over 1300 killed
|-
| colspan="4" rowspan="3" |
|22 January 1879
|23 January 1879
|Rorke's Drift
|John Chard, Gonville Bromhead
|Britain
|Dabulamanzi
|Zulu Nation
|Britain
|Small British force of 139 defended against 5000 Zuku warriors. 11 VCs were awarded
|-
|29 March 1879
|
|Kambula
|Evelyn Wood
|Britain
|Tshingwayo
|Zulu Nation
|Britain
|Attack on British camp repulsed
|-
|4 July 1879
|
|Ulundi
|Lord Chelmsford
|Britain
|King Cetewayo
|Zulu Nation
|Britain
|Zulu army destroyed
|-
|Franco-Chinese War
|
|1883
|1885
|France
|China
|14 December 1883
|16 December 1883
|Son-Tai
|Admiral Courbet
|France
|Lin Yung Ku
|China
|France
| colspan="2" |
|French captured fortress in Vietnam which became a French protectorate
|-
| rowspan="10" |British Intervention in North Africa
|Egypt
|1882
|1882
|Britain
|Arabi Pasha
|13 September 1882
|
|Tel-el-Kebir
|Sir Garnet Wolseley
|Britain
|Achmet Arabi Pasha
|Egypt
|Britain
| colspan="2" |
|A dawn attack to the rebels by surprise and Arabi Pasha's troops were routed and Cairo occupied.
|-
| rowspan="9" |Sudan
|1883
|1898
|Britain
|Mahdists
|3 November 1883
|5 November 1883
|El Obeid
|William Hicks Pasha
|Britain
|Mahdi Mohammed Ahmed
|Mahdists
|Mahdists
| colspan="2" rowspan="9" |
|Hicks killed. Hick's Egyptian troops were surrounded and massacred
|-
|
|
|Italy
|
|29 February 1884
|
|El Teb
|Sir Gerald Graham
|Britain
|Osman Digna
|Mahdists
|Britain
|Local Mahdist forces were forced to retreat and regroup
|-
| colspan="4" rowspan="7" |
|11 March 1884
|26 January 1885
|Khartoum
|Charles Gordon
|Britain
|Mahdi Mohammed Ahmed
|Mahdists
|Mahdists
|Gordon and entire Egyptian garrison killed
|-
|13 March 1884
|
|Tamai
|Sir Gerald Graham
|Britain
|Osman Digna
|Mahdists
|Britain
|Mahdist army defeated but remained besieging Suakin
|-
|17 January 1885
|
|Abu Klea
|Lord Wolseley
|Britain
|Mahdi Mohammed Ahmed
|Mahdists
|Britain
|Relief force on way to Khartoum beat off Dervish attack
|-
|19 January 1885
|
|Abu Kru
|Lord Wolseley
|Britain
|Mahdi Mohammed Ahmed
|Mahdists
|Britain
|Relief force on way to Khartoum beat off Dervish attack
|-
|21 December 1893
|
|Agordat
|General Arimondi
|Italy
|Ahmed Ali
|Mahdists
|Italy
|Italians defeated an invasion of Eritrea
|-
|8 April 1898
|
|Atbara River
|Sir Herbert Kitchener
|Britain
|Emir Mahmud, Osman Digna
|Mahdists
|Britain
|Mahdist army was destroyed
|-
|2 September 1898
|
|Omdurman
|Sir Herbert Kitchener
|Britain
|Khalifa Abdullah
|Mahdists
|Britain
|Mahdist army was destroyed, the revolt ended and the Sudan pacified
|-
|Italo-Abyssinian War
|
|1895
|1896
|Italy
|Abyssinia
|1 March 1896
|
|Adowa
|Oreste Baratieri
|Italy
|Emperor Meneluk
|Abyssinia
|Abyssinia
| colspan="2" |
|Italian army destroyed
|-
|North-West Frontier
|
|1897
|1897
|Britain
|Afridi
|20 October 1897
|
|Dargai
|Sir William Lockhart
|Britain
|Tribal leaders
|Afridi
|Britain
| colspan="2" |
|Successful punitive expedition
|-
|Spanish-American War
|
|1898
|1898
|United States
|Spain
|1 July 1898
|
|San Juan
|William R Shafter
|United States
|Arsenio Linares
|Spain
|United States
|10 December 1898
|Paris
|Best remembered for the attack on San Juan Hill by the Rough Riders commanded by Theodore Roosevelt
|}

Art and Culture/Wars and Battles - 11th C to 16th C

2021-04-22T11:41:25Z

Art and Culture/Wars and Battles - 1st C to 10th C

2021-04-22T11:40:52Z

Admin: Created page with "{| class="wikitable" |War |Date Started |Date Ended | colspan="2" |Protaganists | colspan="7" |Major Battles/Sieges | | colspan="2" |Treaty/Armistice |Comments |- | | | | | |..."

Art and Culture/Wars and Battles - BC

2021-04-22T11:39:59Z

{| class="wikitable"
|War
|Date Started
|Date Ended
| colspan="2" |Protaganists
| colspan="7" |Major Battles/Sieges
|
| colspan="2" |Treaty/Armistice
|Comments
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|Year or Date Started
|Year or Date Ended
|Location/Name
| colspan="4" |Commanders
|Victor
|Date(s)
|Location/Name
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |Ancient Egypt
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" |
|Egypt
|Megiddo
|1469
|
|Megiddo
|Tuthmoses III
|Egypt
|King of Megiddo
|Megiddo
|Egypt
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" |
|First recorded battle in history
|-
|
|Hittites
|1294
|
|Kadesh
|Rameses II
|Egypt
|Muwatalis
|Hittite
|Inconclusive
|Egyptian army survived ambush but was unable to capture Kadesh
|-
| rowspan="6" |Persian Wars
|500
|448
|Greek Cities
|Persia
|490
|
|Marathon
|Miltiades and Callimachus
|Athens
|Datis and Artaphernes
|Persia
|Athens
|450
|Peace of Callias
|Callimachus killed. Phaedipides runs from Marathon to Athens to announce victory
|-
| colspan="4" rowspan="5" |
|480
|
|Thermopylae
|Leonidas
|Sparta
|Xerxes
|Persia
|Persia
| colspan="2" rowspan="5" |
|Leonidas and 200 Spartans defend pass against huge Persian army. Path to outflank Spartans betrayed to Persians by Ephialtes - all Spartans killed
|-
|480
|
|Salamis
|Themistocles
|Athens
|Xerxes
|Persia
|Athens
|Naval battle. Smaller Athenian lead navy (actual commander a Spartan - Eurybiadas) defeats large Persian force.
|-
|479
|
|Plataea
|Pausanias
|Sparta
|Mardonius
|Persia
|Sparta
|Persians attack withdrawing Greeks. Mardonius killed. Persians leave Greece
|-
|479
|
|Mycale
|Leotychidas
|Sparta
|?
|Persia
|Sparta
|Brought Persian Wars to an end
|-
|466
|
|Eurymedon
|Cimon
|Athens (Delian League)
|?
|Persia
|Athens (Delian League)
|Combined naval and land battle. Returned independence to Greek Cities in Asia Minor and loot financed work on the Acropolis
|-
| rowspan="3" |Sicilian Wars
|500
|340
|Greek Cities in Sicily
|Carthage
|480
|
|Himera
|Theron, Gelon
|Syracuse
|Hamilcar
|Carthage
|Syracuse
| colspan="2" rowspan="3" |
|Purportedly fought in same day as Marathon
|-
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" |
|Greek Cities in Sicily
|Etruscans
|474
|
|Cumae
|?
|Syracuse
|?
|Etruscans
|Syracuse
|Naval battle which saw the end of Etruscan influence in Italy
|-
|Greek Cities in Sicily
|Carthage
|340
|
|Crimesus
|Timoleon
|Syracuse
|?
|Carthage
|Syracuse
|
|-
| rowspan="7" |Peloponnesian War
|431
|404
|Athens
|Sparta
|425
|
|Pylos
|Demosthenes, Cleon
|Athens
|Epitadas
|Sparta
|Athens
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" |
|Athenians trapped Spartans on island of Sphakteria
|-
| colspan="4" rowspan="6" |
|424
|
|Delium
|Hippocrates
|Athens
|Pagondas
|Boeotia
|Boeotia
|One of the bloodiest battles of the war. Massive 25-deep Theban phalanx first deployed. Hippocrates killed
|-
|422
|
|Amphipolis
|Cleon
|Athens
|Brasidas
|Sparta
|Sparta
|421
|Peace of Nicias
|In 424 Sparta captured Amphipolis (partly due to poor generalship of Thucydides who was exiled). Following armistice 423 - 422 Athens attempted recapture. Both Cleon and Brasidas killed in ensuing battle. Led to Peace of Nicias.
|-
|418
|
|Mantinea
|?
|Athens
|Agis II
|Sparta
|Sparta
| colspan="2" rowspan="4" |
|Spartan invasion of Argos
|-
|415
|413
|Syracuse
|Nicias, Lamachus, Alcibiades
|Athens
|Hermocrates, Gyllippus the Spartan
|Syracuse
|Syracuse
|Athenians besieged Syracuse on Sicily. Alcibiades recalled on charges of sacrilege. Lamachus killed.Reinforced despite obvious unlikelihood of success eventually whole force destroyed including Nicias
|-
|410
|
|Cyzicus
|Alcibiades, Theramenes, Thrasybulus
|Athens
|Mindarus
|Sparta
|Athens
|Mindarus killed
|-
|405
|
|Aegospotami
|Conon
|Athens
|Lysander
|Sparta
|Sparta
|Naval battle. Spartans ticked Athenians into beaching their ships without a guard. Spartans burnt 161 out of 170 ships and deprived Athens of its fleet, thus precipitating end of the war.
|-
|Persian Civil War
|401
|400
|Cyrus the Younger (claimant)
|Artaxerxes II (encumbent)
|401
|
|Cunaxa
|Cyrus the Younger
|
|Artaxerxes II
|
|Artaxerxes
| colspan="2" |
|Greek mercenaries hired by Cyrus victorious but Cyrus killed and rest of army defeated. Greek commanders lured to death. Xenophon helps lead Greeks back to the Black Sea and safety (the "Anabasis")
|-
| rowspan="4" |Greek City-State Wars
|395
|362
|Sparta
|Thebes
|373
|
|Tegyra
|Pelopidas
|Thebes
|?
|Sparta
|Thebes
| colspan="2" rowspan="4" |
|First victory of the Theban Sacred Band
|-
|
|
|Athens
|
|July 371
|
|Leuctra
|Epaminondas
|Thebes
|Cleombrotus
|Sparta
|Thebes
|King Cleombrotus killed. New Theban tactic - refused right
|-
|
|
|
|
|364
|
|Cynoscephalae
|Pelopidas
|Thebes
|Alexander of Pherae
|Pherae
|Inconclusive
|Pelopidas killed
|-
|
|
|
|
|362
|
|Mantinea
|Epaminondas
|Thebes
|?
|Sparta, Athens
|Inconclusive
|First use of cavalry as a strike force. Epaminondas killed.
|-
| rowspan="2" |Sacred War (3rd)
|356
|346
|Phocis
|Thebes
|352
|
|Crocus Field
|Philip II
|Macedon
|Onomarchus
|Phocis
|Macedon
|346
|Peace of Philocrates
|First significant victory of Macedon over Greek troops. Onomarchus killed
|-
|
|
|Macedonia
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |Sacred War (4th)
|339
|337
|Macedonia
|Athens
|2 August 338
|
|Chaeronea
|Philip II
|Macedon
|Stratocles
|Athens, Thebes
|Macedon
|337
|Common Peace
|First major battle for Alexander the Great. Theban Sacred Band destroyed. Macedon breaks power of Greek City-States
|-
|
|
|
|Thebes
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |Samnite Wars
|343
|290
|Samnium
|Rome
|321
|
|Caudine Forks
|Gavius Pontius
|Samnium
|Veturius, Postumius
|Rome
|Samnium
|321 - 315
|Caudine Peace
|Roman army trapped in a narrow valley and starved into surrender. One of only a few major defeats which impinged on the Roman psyche.
|-
|
|
|
|
|295
|295
|Sentinum
|Gellius Egnatius
|Samnium, Gauls
|Decius, Fabius
|Rome
|Rome
| colspan="2" |
|Gellius Egnatius and Decius killed but decisive victory left Rome in control of Central Italy
|-
| rowspan="5" |Wars of Alexander the Great
|336
|323
|Macedonia
|Persia
|May 334
|
|Granicus
|Alexander the Great
|Macedon
|Arsites, Spithridates, Memnon
|Persia
|Macedon
| colspan="2" rowspan="5" |
|Macedonian army attacked across river. Alexander's life saved by Cleitus the Black
|-
|
|
|
|
|October 333
|
|Issus
|Alexander the Great
|Macedon
|Darius III
|Persia
|Macedon
|Narrow position prevented larger Persian army deploying fully
|-
|
|
|
|
|1 October 331
|
|Gaugamela (Arbela)
|Alexander the Great
|Macedon
|Darius III
|Persia
|Macedon
|Macedonian army formed in double line to prevent envelopment. Alexander defeated a massive Persia army by aiming attack in direction of Darius III
|-
|
|
|
|
|331
|
|Megalopolis
|Antipater
|Macedon
|Agis III
|Sparta
|Macedon
|Alexander's regent in Macedon, Antipater, defeats Spartan revolt, purportedly on the same day as Gaugamela
|-
|
|
|
|India
|June 326
|
|Hydaspes
|Alexander the Great
|Macedon
|Porus
|India
|Macedon
|Alexander divided his army, pinning Porus across the river until he could get the majority of his army over.
|-
|Lamian War
|323
|322
|Macedonia
|Greek City-States
|322
|
|Crannon
|Antipater
|Macedon
|Menon
|Greek City-States
|Inconclusive
| colspan="2" |
|Greeks needed conclusive victory to take advantage of Alexander's death but had to settle for separate peace
|-
|Successor Wars
|323
|281
|Macedonia
|Seleucids, Egypt
|301
|
|Ipsus
|Antigonus Monopthalmus
|Macedon
|Seleucus I Nicator
|Seleucids
|Seleucids
| colspan="2" |
|Demetrius failed to return to help his father after successful cavalry charge. Antigonus killed.
|-
| rowspan="3" |Pyrrhic War
|280
|275
|Tarentum
|Rome
|280
|
|Heraclea
|Pyrrhus of Epirus
|Tarentum
|Laevinius
|Rome
|Tarentum
| colspan="2" rowspan="3" |
|First "Pyrrhic victory"
|-
| colspan="4" rowspan="2" |
|April 279
|
|Asculum
|Pyrrhus of Epirus
|Tarentum
|Decius
|Rome
|Tarentum
|Second "Pyrrhic victory"
|-
|275
|
|Beneventum
|Pyrrhus of Epirus
|Tarentum
|Manius Curius
|Rome
|Rome
|Failed night attack on the Roman camp lead to defeat for Pyrrhus. Name of place originally Malventum
|-
| rowspan="4" |Punic War (1st)
|264
|241
|Rome
|Carthage
|260
|
|Mylae
|Duilius
|Rome
|Hannibal
|Carthage
|Rome
|241
|Treaty of Catulus
|First use by the Romans of the "corvus"
|-
| colspan="4" rowspan="3" |
|256
|
|Ecnomus
|Vulso, Regulus
|Rome
|Hamilcar
|Carthage
|Rome
| colspan="2" rowspan="3" |
|Largest naval battle of the war
|-
|249
|
|Drepana
|Claudius Pulcher
|Rome
|Adherbal
|Carthage
|Carthage
|Only Carthaginian naval victory of the war
|-
|241
|
|Aegates Islands
|Catulus
|Rome
|Hanno
|Carthage
|Rome
|
|-
| rowspan="5" |Punic War (2nd)
|218
|201
|Rome
|Carthage
|December 218
|
|Trebbia
|Sempronius
|Rome
|Hannibal
|Carthage
|Carthage
|201
|Treaty of Scipio
|Hannibal sets up ambush
|-
| colspan="4" rowspan="4" |
|21 June 217
|
|Trasimene
|Flaminius
|Rome
|Hannibal
|Carthage
|Carthage
| colspan="2" rowspan="4" |
|Hannibal traps Roman army on march along the shores of Lake Trasimene
|-
|2 August 216
|
|Cannae
|Varro, Paulus
|Rome
|Hannibal
|Carthage
|Carthage
|Hannibal annihilates Roman army in perfect double envelopment
|-
|207
|
|Metaurus
|Livius, Claudius Nero
|Rome
|Hasdrubal
|Carthage
|Rome
|Hasdrubal defeated attempting to reinforce Hannibal
|-
|202
|
|Zama
|Scipio Africanus
|Rome
|Hannibal
|Carthage
|Rome
|Scipio inflicts Hannibal's only defeat
|-
|Macedonian Wars (2nd)
|200
|197
|Rome
|Macedon
|197
|
|Cynoscephalae
|Flaminius
|Rome
|Philip V
|Macedon
|Rome
| colspan="2" |
|Roman army destroyed a Macedonian phalanx
|-
| rowspan="2" |Syrian War
|195
|190
|Rome
|Syria
|190
|
|Magnesia
|Lucius Scipio
|Rome
|Antiochus III
|Syria
|Rome
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" |
|Massive victory for Rome
|-
| colspan="4" |
|September 190
|
|Myonnessus
|?
|Rome
|?
|Syria
|Rome
|Naval battle. Treaty at end of war meant Rome was now involved in the East.
|-
|Macedonian Wars (3rd)
|172
|167
|Rome
|Macedon
|22 June 168
|
|Pydna
|Paullus
|Rome
|Perseus
|Macedon
|Rome
| colspan="2" |
|King Perseus defeated and captured
|-
|Mithridatic War
|89
|84
|Rome
|Pontus
|86
|
|Chaeronea
|Sulla
|Rome
|Archelaus
|Pontus
|Rome
| colspan="2" |
|Sulla built fence to protect against chariots - 1st recorded use of fieldworks
|-
|Parthian War
|55
|38
|Rome
|Parthia
|June 53
|
|Carrhae
|Crassus
|Rome
|Surenas
|Parthia
|Parthia
| colspan="2" |
|Roman army trapped in semi-desert by horse archers supplied by camel train. Roman army destroyed. Crassus killed
|-
| rowspan="2" |Gallic War
|58
|49
|Rome
|Gaul
|August 58
|September 58
|Mulhouse
|Caesar
|Rome
|Ariovistus
|Gaul
|Rome
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" |
|Caesar repelled an invasion of Gaul by Germanic tribes
|-
| colspan="4" |
|52
|
|Alesia
|Caesar
|Rome
|Vercingetorix
|Gaul
|Rome
|Seige of massive Gaullish citadel involved double circumvallation
|-
| rowspan="3" |Rome: War of the 1st Triumvirate
|49
|45
|Caesarians
|Pompeians
|10 July 48
|
|Dyrrachium
|Caesar
|Caesarians
|Pompey the Great
|Pompeians
|Inconclusive
| colspan="2" |
|Caesar unsuccessfully attempted to encircle Pompey's army in Greece and withdrew towards Thessaly
|-
| colspan="4" rowspan="2" |
|9 August 48
|
|Pharsalus
|Caesar
|Caesarians
|Pompey the Great
|Pompeians
|Caesarians
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" |
|Pompey defeated fled to Egypt, where murdered
|-
|17 March 45
|
|Munda
|Caesar
|Caesarians
|Gnaius Pompey, Sextus Pompey
|Pompeians
|Caesarians
|Sons of Pompey defeated and Gnaius executed
|-
| rowspan="3" |Rome: War of the 2nd Triumvirate
|44
|31
|Caesarians
|Republicans
|3 October 43
|
|Philippi (1st)
|Octavian, Antony
|Caesarians
|Brutus, Cassius
|Republicans
|Caesarians
| colspan="2" rowspan="3" |
|Cassius committed suicide
|-
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
|23 October 43
|
|Philippi (2nd)
|Octavian, Antony
|Caesarians
|Brutus
|Pompeians
|Caesarians
|Brutus committed suicide
|-
|Caesarians
|Antonians
|2 September 31
|
|Actium
|Octavian
|Caesarians
|Antony, Cleopatra
|Antonians
|Caesarians
|Naval battle. Caesarian fleet commanded by Agrippa. Antony and Cleopatra fled to Egypt and committed suicide
|}

Art, Culture and History

2021-04-22T11:39:18Z

Admin:

Art and Culture/British Monarchs

2021-04-22T11:33:44Z

Admin: Created page with "{| class="wikitable" |Name |Nickname(s) |House |Born: Year |Born: Where |Father |Mother |Succeeded: Year |Coronation: Year |Coronation: Where |Spouse/Spouses |Married: Year |M..."

{| class="wikitable"
|Name
|Nickname(s)
|House
|Born: Year
|Born: Where
|Father
|Mother
|Succeeded: Year
|Coronation: Year
|Coronation: Where
|Spouse/Spouses
|Married: Year
|Married: Where
|Mistress(es)
|Children: Names
|Legitimate Children: Total Number
|Illegitimate Children
|Illegitimate Children: Number
|Died: Year
|Died: Age
|Died: Where
|Died: How
|Buried: Where
|Length of Reign
|Notes
|-
|Egbert
|
|Saxon
|780
|
|
|
|802
|802
|
|Redburga
|
|
|
|Ethelwulf/Athelsan/Alfred
|3
|
|
|839
|59
|
|
|
|37
|
|-
|Ethelwulf
|
|Saxon
|800
|
|Egbert
|
|839
|839
|
|
|
|
|
|Ethelbald/Ethelbert/Ethelred/Alfred
|5
|
|
|858
|58
|
|
|
|19
|
|-
|Ethelbald
|
|Saxon
|834
|
|Ethelwulf
|
|858
|858
|
|Judith (stepmother)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|860
|26
|
|
|Sherborne Abbey, Dorset
|2
|
|-
|Ethelbert
|
|Saxon
|836
|
|Ethelwulf
|
|858
|858
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|865
|29
|
|
|Sherborne Abbey, Dorset
|7
|
|-
|Ethelred I
|
|Saxon
|840
|
|Ethelwulf
|
|865
|865
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|871
|31
|
|Killed at Battle of Merton
|Wimborne Minster, Dorset
|6
|St Ethelred
|-
|Alfred
|The Great
|Saxon
|849
|
|Ethelwulf
|
|871
|871
|
|Ealhswith
|867
|
|
|Edward/
|
|
|
|899
|50
|
|
|Old Minster, Winchester
|28
|
|-
|Edward I
|The Elder
|Saxon
|870
|
|Alfred
|Ealhswith
|899
|899
|
|Egwina/Elfleda/Edgifu
|
|
|Egwina
|Athelstan/Edmund/Eadred
|14
|
|
|924
|54
|Farndon-on-Dee, Cheshire
|
|
|25
|
|-
|Athelstan
|
|Saxon
|895
|
|Edward the Elder
|Egwina
|924
|924
|Kingston-upon-Thames
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|939
|45
|
|
|Malmesbury Abbey
|15
|
|-
|Edmund I
|The Deed-Doer/The Magnificant
|Saxon
|921
|
|Edward the Elder
|Edgifu
|939
|939
|
|Elfgifu/Ethelfled
|
|
|
|Edwy/Edgar
|2
|
|
|946
|25
|Pucklechurch, Gloucs
|Stabbed by Leofa
|Glastonbury Abbey
|7
|
|-
|Eadred
|
|Saxon
|923
|
|Edward the Elder
|Edgifu
|946
|946
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|955
|32
|Frome, Somerset
|
|Old Minster, Winchester
|9
|
|-
|Edwy
|The Fair
|Saxon
|940
|
|Edmund I
|Elgifu
|955
|955
|Kingston-upon-Thames
|Elfgifu
|956
|
|
|
|
|
|
|959
|19
|
|
|
|3
|
|-
|Edgar
|The Peaceful
|Saxon
|944
|
|Edmund I
|Elgifu
|959
|959
|Bath
|Ethelfled/Elfrida
|
|
|Wilfthryth
|Edward/Edmund/Ethelred
|4
|
|
|975
|32
|
|
|Glastonbury Abbey
|17
|
|-
|Edward II
|The Martyr
|Saxon
|963
|
|Edgar
|Ethelfled
|975
|975
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|978
|15
|Corfe Castle, Dorset
|Murdered
|Wareham/Shaftesbury Abbey, Dorset
|3
|St Edward
|-
|Ethelred II
|The Unready
|Saxon
|968
|
|Edgar
|Elfrida
|978
|978
|Kingston-upon-Thames
|Elfled/Emma
|1002(Emma)
|
|
|Edmund/Edward
|9
|
|
|1016
|48
|London
|
|Old St Pauls
|37
|
|-
|Edmund II
|Ironside
|Saxon
|993
|
|Ethelred II
|Elfled
|1016
|1016
|
|Eadgyth
|
|
|
|Edward/Edmund
|2
|
|
|1016
|27
|London
|
|Glastonbury Abbey
|Apr-Nov
|
|-
|Canute
|The Wealthy
|Dane
|992
|
|Sweyn Forkbeard
|Gunhild of Poland
|1016
|1016
|
|Emma
|1017
|
|Elfgifu
|Sweyn/Harold Harefoot/Hardecanute
|4
|
|
|1035
|40
|Shaftesbury
|
|Old Minster, Winchester
|18
|
|-
|Harold I
|Harefoot
|Dane
|1016
|
|Canute
|Elfgifu
|1035
|1035
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|1040
|24
|Oxford
|
|Old Westminster Abbey
|5
|
|-
|Hardicanute
|
|Dane
|1018
|
|Canute
|Emma
|1040
|1040
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|1042
|24
|Lambeth
|
|Old Minster, Winchester
|2
|
|-
|Edward II
|The Confessor
|Saxon
|1003
|Islip, Oxfordshire
|Ethelred II
|Emma
|1042
|1042
|Winchester
|Edith
|1043
|
|
|
|
|
|
|1066
|62
|Westminster
|
|Westminster Abbey
|24
|
|-
|Harold II
|
|Saxon
|1020
|
|Godwin
|Gytha
|1066
|1066
|Westminster Abbey
|Aldgyth
|1063
|
|Edith Swan Neck
|Harold
|7
|
|
|1066
|46
|Senlac
|Killed at Battle of Hastings
|Waltham Holy Cross Abbey
|Jan-Oct
|
|-
|William I
|The Bastard/The Conqueror
|Norman
|1027
|Falaise
|Robert of Normandy
|Arlette of Conteville
|1066
|1066
|Westminster Abbey
|Matilda
|1052
|Eu Cathedral
|
|Robert/William/Henry/Adela
|9
|
|
|1087
|60
|Priory of St Gervais, Rouen
|
|St Stephen's Abbey, Caen
|21
|Only 1 thighbone left in his tomb
|-
|William II
|Rufus
|Norman
|1056
|Normandy
|William I
|Matilda of Flanders
|1087
|1087
|Westminster Abbey
|
|
|
|
|
|0
|
|
|1100
|43
|Lyndhurst, New Forest
|Shot by Walter Tyrel
|Winchester Cathedral
|13
|
|-
|Henry I
|Beauclerk/Lion of Justice
|Norman
|1068
|Selby, Yorkshire
|William I
|Matilda of Flanders
|1100
|1100
|Westminster Abbey
|Matilda of Scotland/Adela of Louvain
|1100/1121
|Westminster Abbey
|
|William/Matilda
|3
|
|
|1135
|67
|Lyons-la-Foret, Rouen
|Sufeit of lampreys
|Reading Abbey
|35
|
|-
|Stephen
|
|Norman
|1097
|Blois
|Stephen of Blois
|Adela of Normandy
|1135
|1135
|Westminster Abbey
|Matilda of Boulogne
|1125
|
|
|Eustace
|5
|
|
|1154
|50
|St Martin's Priory, Dover
|Appendicitis
|Faversham Abbey
|19
|
|-
|Henry II
|Curtmantel/Fitzempress
|Plantagenet
|1133
|Le Mans
|Geoffrey of Anjou
|Matilda
|1154
|1154
|Westminster Abbey
|Eleanor of Aquitaine
|1552
|Bordeaux Cathedral
|
|William/Henry/Richard/Geoffrey/John
|11
|
|
|1189
|56
|Chinon Castle, Tours
|Fever
|Fontevrault Abbey
|35
|
|-
|Richard I
|Coeur de Lion
|Plantagenet
|1157
|Beaumont Palace, Oxford
|Henry II
|Eleanor of Aquitaine
|1189
|1189
|Westminster Abbey
|Berengaria of Navarre
|1191
|Limassol, Cyprus
|
|
|0
|
|
|1199
|42
|Chalus, Limousin
|
|Fontevrault Abbey
|10
|Heart in Rouen
|-
|John
|Lackland/Softsword
|Plantagenet
|1167
|Beaumont Palace, Oxford
|Henry II
|Eleanor of Aquitaine
|1199
|1199
|Westminster Abbey
|Isabella of Gloucester/Isabella of Angouleme
|1189/1200
|Marlborough/Angouleme
|
|Henry/Richard/Isabella/Eleanor
|5
|
|
|1216
|50
|Newark Castle
|Dysentry
|Worcester Cathedral
|17
|Peaches and young cider
|-
|Henry III
|
|Plantagenet
|1207
|Winchester
|John
|Isabella of Angouleme
|1216
|1216/1220
|Gloucester Cathedral/Westminster Abbey
|Eleanor of Provence
|1236
|Canterbury
|
|Edward/Margaret/Edmund
|9
|
|
|1272
|65
|Westminster Palace
|
|Westminster Abbey
|56
|
|-
|Edward I
|Longshanks/Hammer of the Scots/English Justinian/Lawgiver
|Plantagenet
|1239
|Westminster Palace
|Henry III
|Eleanor of Provence
|1272
|1274
|Westminster Abbey
|Eleanor of Castille/Margaret of France
|1254/1299
|Las Huelgas/Canterbury
|
|Joan/Margaret/Elizabeth/Edward/Thomas/Edmund
|16
|
|
|1307
|68
|Burgh-by-Sands
|
|Westminster Abbey
|35
|
|-
|Edward II
|Edward of Caernavon
|Plantagenet
|1284
|Caernavon Castle
|Edward I
|Eleanor of Castille
|1307
|1308
|Westminster Abbey
|Isabella of France
|1308
|Boulogne
|Piers Gaveston/Hugh Despenser
|Edward
|4
|
|
|1327
|43
|Berkeley Castle
|Red hot poker up the arse
|Gloucester Cathedral
|20
|
|-
|Edward III
|Edward of Windsor/King of the Sea
|Plantagenet
|1312
|Windsor Castle
|Edward II
|Isabella of France
|1327
|1327
|Westminster Abbey
|Philippa of Hainault
|1328
|York
|
|Edward/Lionel/John/Thomas/Edmund
|12
|
|
|1377
|65
|Sheen Palace
|
|Westminster Abbey
|50
|
|-
|Richard II
|Richard of Bordeaux
|Plantagenet
|1367
|Bordeaux
|Edward the Black Prince
|Joan of Kent
|1367
|1377
|Westminster Abbey
|Anne of Bohemia/Isabella of France
|1382/1396
|Westminster Abbey/Westminster Abbey
|
|
|0
|
|
|1399
|34
|Pontefract Castle
|Starvation
|Kings Langley/Westminster Abbey
|22
|
|-
|Henry IV
|Henry of Bolingbroke
|Lancaster
|1366
|Bolingbroke Castle Lincs
|John of Gaunt
|Blanche of Lancaster
|1399
|1399
|Westminster Abbey
|Mary de Bohun/Joan of Navarre
|1380/1403
|Rochford Essex/Winchester
|
|Henry
|7
|
|
|1413
|47
|Jerusalem Chamber, Westminster Palace
|
|Canterbury Cathedral
|13
|
|-
|Henry V
|Henry of Monmouth
|Lancaster
|1387
|Monmouth Castle
|Henry IV
|Mary de Bohun
|1413
|1413
|Westminster Abbey
|Catherine de Valois
|1420
|Troyes
|
|Henry
|1
|
|
|1422
|34
|Vincennes Castle
|Dysentry
|Westminster Abbey, Confessor Chapel
|9
|
|-
|Henry VI
|
|Lancaster
|1421
|Windsor Castle
|Henry V
|Catherine de Valois
|1422
|1429/1431/1470
|Westminster Abbey/St Denis/St Pauls
|Margaret of Anjou
|1445
|Tichfield Abbey
|
|Edward
|1
|
|
|1471
|49
|Tower of London
|Murdered
|Chertsey Abbey/St Georges Chapel Windsor
|39
|
|-
|Edward IV
|
|York
|1442
|Rouen
|Richard of York
|Cicely Neville
|1461
|1461
|Westminster Abbey
|Elizabeth Woodville
|1464
|Grafton
|
|Edward/Richard
|10
|
|
|1483
|41
|Westminster Palace
|
|
|22
|
|-
|Edward V
|
|York
|1470
|Abbots House, Westminster
|Edward IV
|Elizabeth Woodville
|1483
|1483
|
|
|
|
|
|
|0
|
|
|1483
|13
|Tower of London
|Murdered?
|Tower of London?
|Apr-Jun
|Deposed by his uncle Richard of York
|-
|Richard III
|Crookback/Old Dick
|York
|1452
|Fotheringhay Castle
|Richard of York
|Cicely Neville
|1483
|1483
|Westminster Abbey
|Anne Neville
|1472
|Westminster Abbey
|
|Edward
|1
|
|
|1485
|32
|Bosworth Field
|Killed in battle
|Abbey of Grey Friars, Leicester
|2
|Body was later dug up and thrown into river - only crowned king with no identifiable burial place
|-
|Henry VII
|
|Tudor
|1457
|Pembroke Castle
|Edmund Tudor
|Margaret Beaufort
|1485
|1485
|Westminster Abbey
|Elizabeth of York
|1486
|Westminster Abbey
|
|Arthur/Henry/Margaret/Mary
|8
|
|
|1509
|53
|Richmond Palace
|
|Westminster Abbey, Henry VII Chapel
|24
|
|-
|Henry VIII
|Bluff King Hal/Father of the English Navy
|Tudor
|1491
|Greenwich Palace
|Henry VII
|Elizabeth of York
|1509
|1509
|Westminster Abbey
|Catherine of Aragon/Anne Boleyn/Jane Seymour/Anne of Cleves/Catherine Howard/Catherine Parr
|1509/1533/1536/1540/1540/1543
|Chapel of the Observant Friars/Whitehall Palace/Whitehall Palace/Greenwich Palace/Oatlands/Hampton Court
|Mary Boleyn/Elizabeth Blount
|Mary/Elizabeth/Edward
|3
|Henry Fitzroy
|
|1547
|56
|St James's Palace
|
|Windsor Castle, St George's Chapel
|38
|
|-
|Edward VI
|
|Tudor
|1537
|Hampton Court
|Henry VIII
|Jane Seymour
|1547
|1547
|Westminster Abbey
|
|
|
|
|
|0
|
|
|1553
|16
|Greenwich Palace
|Tuberculosis
|Westminster Abbey, Henry VII Chapel
|6
|
|-
|Jane
|The Nine Days Queen
|Grey
|1537
|Bradgate Park, Leics
|Henry Grey
|Frances Brandon
|1553
|
|
|Lord Guildford Dudley
|1553
|Durham House
|
|
|0
|
|
|1554
|17
|Tower of London
|Executed
|Tower of London
|9 Days
|
|-
|Mary I
|Bloody Mary
|Tudor
|1516
|Greenwich Palace
|Henry VIII
|Catherine of Aragon
|1553
|1553
|Westminster Abbey
|Philip II of Spain
|1554
|Winchester Cathedral
|
|
|0
|
|
|1558
|43
|St James's Palace
|Influenza
|Westminster Abbey, Henry VII Chapel
|5
|
|-
|Elizabeth I
|Virgin Queen/Gloriana/Good Queen Bess
|Tudor
|1533
|Greenwich Palace
|Henry VIII
|Anne Boleyn
|1558
|1558
|Westminster Abbey
|
|
|
|
|
|0
|
|
|1603
|69
|Richmond Palace
|Blood poisoning from tonsillar abscess
|Westminster Abbey, Henry VII Chapel
|44
|
|-
|James I
|British Solomon/Wisest Fool in Christendom
|Stuart
|1566
|Edinburgh Castle
|Lord Darnley
|Mary Queen of Scots
|1603
|1603
|Westminster Abbey
|Anne of Denmark
|1590
|Oslo
|
|Henry/Charles/Elizabeth
|7
|
|
|1625
|59
|Theobalds Park
|Kidney failure
|Westminster Abbey, Henry VII Chapel
|22
|
|-
|Charles I
|
|Stuart
|1600
|Dunfermline Castle
|James I
|Anne of Denmark
|1625
|1626
|Westminster Abbey
|Henrietta Maria
|1625
|Canterbury Cathedral
|
|Charles/Henrietta/Mary/James
|9
|
|
|1649
|49
|Whitehall Palace
|Executed
|Windsor Castle, St George's Chapel
|24
|
|-
|Oliver Cromwell
|
|Commonwealth
|1599
|Huntingdon
|Robert Cromwell
|Elizabeth Steward
|1653
|
|
|Elizabeth Bourchier
|1620
|St Giles, London
|
|Robert/Oliver/Richard/Elizabeth/Bridget/Henry/Mary/Frances
|8
|
|
|1658
|59
|Whitehall
|
|
|5
|Body was later dug up and head exhibited (25 years) until stolen by a guard, eventually reburied at Sidney Sussex Cambridge in 1960
|-
|Richard Cromwell
|Tumbledown Dick
|Commonwealth
|1626
|Huntingdon
|Oliver Cromwell
|Elizabeth Bourchier
|1658
|
|
|Dorothy Major
|1643
|Hursley, Hampshire
|
|Mary/Elizabeth/Anne/Oliver/Dorothy
|8
|
|
|1712
|86
|Hursley House, Hampshire
|
|Hursley
|2
|Overthrown May 1659, buried under the name John Clarke
|-
|Charles II
|Old Rowley/The Merry Monarch
|Stuart
|1630
|St James's Palace
|Charles I
|Henrietta Maria
|1649
|1661
|Westminster Abbey
|Catherine of Braganza
|1662
|Portsmouth
|Nell Gwynn
|
|0
|Duke of Monmouth
|14
|1685
|55
|Whitehall Palace
|Uraemia/Mercury poisoning
|Westminster Abbey, Henry VII Chapel
|36
|
|-
|James II
|
|Stuart
|1633
|St James's Palace
|Charles I
|Henrietta Maria
|1685
|1685
|Westminster Abbey
|Anne Hyde/Mary of Modena
|1660/1673
|Worcester House/Dover
|
|Mary/Anne/James
|15
|
|
|1701
|68
|St Germain-en-Laye
|Stroke
|St Germain-en-Laye
|3
|Deposed 1689
|-
|William III
|King Billy
|Stuart & Orange
|1650
|The Hague
|William II of Orange
|Mary Stuart
|1689
|1689
|Westminster Abbey
|Mary II
|1677
|St James's Palace
|
|
|0
|
|
|1702
|52
|Kensington Palace
|Pneumonia after fall from horse (Sorrel)
|
|13
|
|-
|Mary II
|
|Stuart
|1662
|St James's Palace
|James II
|Anne Hyde
|1689
|1689
|Westminster Abbey
|William III
|1677
|St James's Palace
|
|
|0
|
|
|1694
|32
|Kensington Palace
|Smallpox
|Westminster Abbey, Henry VII Chapel
|5
|
|-
|Anne
|
|Stuart
|1665
|St James's Palace
|James II
|Anne Hyde
|1702
|1702
|Westminster Abbey
|George of Denmark
|1683
|St James's Palace
|
|William (died at 11) + 16 babies/infants
|17
|
|
|1714
|49
|Kensington Palace
|Stroke
|Westminster Abbey, Henry VII Chapel
|12
|
|-
|George I
|
|Hanover
|1660
|Osnabruck
|Ernest Augustus
|Sophia
|1714
|1714
|Westminster Abbey
|Sophia Dorothea of Celle
|1682
|
|
|George/Sophia Dorothea
|2
|
|
|1727
|67
|Osnabruck
|
|Leinesschlosskirche, Hanover/Herrenhausen Palace
|13
|Divorced 1694
|-
|George II
|
|Hanover
|1683
|Herrenhausen Palace
|George I
|Sophia Dorothea of Celle
|1727
|1727
|Westminster Abbey
|Caroline of Ansbach
|1705
|Hanover
|
|Frederick/Anne/William/Mary/Louisa
|8
|
|
|1760
|77
|Westminster Palace
|Heart attack
|Westminster Abbey, Henry VII Chapel
|33
|
|-
|George III
|Farmer George
|Hanover
|1738
|Norfolk House, London
|Frederick Louis
|Augusta of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha
|1760
|1761
|Westminster Abbey
|Charlotte Sophia of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
|1761
|St James's Palace
|
|George/Frederick/William/Ernest/Augustus/Adolphus
|15
|
|
|1820
|82
|Windsor Castle
|Senility
|
|60
|Periodic attacks of apparent insanity
|-
|George IV
|Prinny
|Hanover
|1762
|St James's Palace
|George III
|Charlotte Sophia of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
|1820
|1821
|Westminster Abbey
|Maria Fitzherbert/Caroline of Brunswick
|1785/1795
|Mayfair/St James's Palace
|
|Charlotte
|1
|
|
|1830
|68
|Windsor Castle
|Liver damage
|Windsor Castle, St George's Chapel
|10
|
|-
|William IV
|Sailor King/Royal Tar/Silly Billy
|Hanover
|1765
|Buckingham Palace
|George III
|Charlotte Sophia of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
|1830
|1831
|Westminster Abbey
|Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen
|1818
|Kew
|Dorothea Jordan
|Charlotte/Elizabeth
|2
|
|10
|1837
|72
|Windsor Castle
|Pneumonia and liver failure
|Windsor Castle, St George's Chapel
|7
|
|-
|Victoria
|Grandmother of Europe
|Hanover
|1819
|Kensington Palace
|Edward, Duke of Kent
|Victoria of Saxe-Coburg
|1837
|1838
|Westminster Abbey
|Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha
|1840
|St James's Palace
|
|Victoria/Albert Edward/Alice/Alfred/Helena/Louise/Arthur/Leopold/Beatrice
|9
|
|
|1901
|82
|Osborne House
|
|Frogmore, Windsor Home Park
|64
|
|-
|Edward VII
|Peacemaker/Tum-tum
|Saxe-Coburg-Gotha
|1841
|Buckingham Palace
|Victoria
|Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha
|1901
|1902
|Westminster Abbey
|Alexandra of Denmark
|1863
|St George's Chapel, Windsor
|Lilly Langtree
|Edward/George/Louise/Victoria/Maude
|6
|
|
|1910
|69
|Buckingham Palace
|Bronchitis
|Windsor Castle, St George's Chapel
|9
|Coronation postponed because of appendicitus
|-
|George V
|Sailor King
|Saxe-Coburg-Gotha/Windsor
|1865
|Marlborough House
|Edward VII
|Alexandra of Denmark
|1910
|1911
|Westminster Abbey/Delhi
|Mary of Teck
|1893
|St James's Palace
|
|Edward/George/Mary/Henry/George Edward/John
|6
|
|
|1936
|71
|Sandringham House
|Bronchitis
|Windsor Castle, St George's Chapel
|26
|
|-
|Edward VIII
|Our Smiling Prince
|Windsor
|1894
|White Lodge, Richmond Park
|George V
|Mary of Teck
|1936
|
|
|Wallis Simpson
|1937
|Chateau Conde, Tours
|
|
|0
|
|
|1972
|78
|Paris
|Cancer
|Frogmore, Windsor Home Park
|11 months
|Abdicated 1936
|-
|George VI
|
|Windsor
|1895
|York Cottage, Sandringham
|George V
|Mary of Teck
|1936
|1937
|Westminster Abbey
|Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon
|1923
|Westminster Abbey
|
|Elizabeth/Margaret
|2
|
|
|1952
|57
|Sandringham House
|Lung cancer
|Windsor Castle, St George's Chapel
|16
|
|-
|Elizabeth II
|
|Windsor
|1926
|17 Bruton St, London
|George VI
|Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon
|1952
|1953
|Westminster Abbey
|Philip
|1947
|Westminster Abbey
|
|Charles/Anne/Andrew/Edward
|4
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|}

Art, Culture and History

2021-04-22T11:32:57Z

Admin:

*[[Art and Culture/American Civil War|American Civil War]]
*[[Art and Culture/Art and Sculpture|Art and Sculpture]]
*[[Art and Culture/Artists|Artists]]
*[[Art and Culture/Bible|Bible]]
*[[Art and Culture/British - Ancient to 1066|British - Ancient to 1066]]
*[[Art and Culture/British - 1066 to 1485|British - 1066 to 1485]]
*[[Art and Culture/British - Tudors|British - Tudors]]
*[[Art and Culture/British - Stuarts and English Civil War|British - Stuarts and English Civil War]]
*[[Art and Culture/British - Hanoverians 1|British - Hanoverians 1]]
*[[Art and Culture/British - Hanoverians 2|British - Hanoverians 2]]
*[[Art and Culture/British Monarchs|British Monarchs]]
*[[Art and Culture/Military History of the Ancient World|Military History of the Ancient World]]
*[[Art and Culture/Mythology|Mythology]]
*[[Art and Culture/Persian Emperors and Dynasties|Persian Emperors and Dynasties]]
*[[Art and Culture/Philosophy|Philosophy]]
*[[Art and Culture/Photography|Photography]]
*[[Art and Culture/Popes|Popes]]
*[[Art and Culture/Religion|Religion]]
*[[Art and Culture/Roman Emperors|Roman Emperors]]
*[[Art and Culture/World War I|World War I]]
*[[Art and Culture/World War II|World War II]]

Civilisation

2021-04-22T11:30:38Z

Admin:

*[[Civilisation/20th Century History|20th Century History]]
*[[Civilisation/Acronyms|Acronyms]]
*[[Civilisation/Architecture|Architecture]]
*[[Civilisation/Biographies|Biographies]]
*[[Civilisation/British Isles Geography|British Isles Geography]]
*[[Civilisation/British Isles Politics|British Isles Politics]]
*[[Civilisation/Business|Business]]
*[[Civilisation/Education|Education]]
*[[Civilisation/Explorers|Explorers]]
*[[Civilisation/Flags|Flags]]
*[[Civilisation/Founders|Founders]]
*[[Civilisation/Inventions|Inventions]]
*[[Civilisation/Language|Language]]
*[[Civilisation/Law and Order|Law and Order]]
*[[Civilisation/Nobel Prizes|Nobel Prizes]]
*[[Civilisation/Psychology|Psychology]]
*[[Civilisation/Space Exploration|Space Exploration]]
*[[Civilisation/Technology|Technology]]
*[[Civilisation/Transport|Transport]]
*[[Civilisation/USA Politics|USA Politics]]
*[[Civilisation/Words|Words]]
*[[Civilisation/World Geography - Africa|World Geography - Africa]]
*[[Civilisation/World Geography - Americas|World Geography - Americas]]
*[[Civilisation/World Geography - Asia|World Geography - Asia]]
*[[Civilisation/World Geography - Europe|World Geography - Europe]]
*[[Civilisation/World Geography - Oceania and Antarctica|World Geography - Oceania and Antarctica]]
*[[Civilisation/World Politics|World Politics]]

Civilisation/Inventions

2021-04-22T11:30:11Z

Admin: Created page with "Disclaimer: Many inventions are disputed. It is possible that other lists will have different inventors for some of the inventions listed here. {| class="wikitable" |Year |Inv..."

Disclaimer: Many inventions are disputed. It is possible that other lists will have different inventors for some of the inventions listed here.
{| class="wikitable"
|Year
|Inventor
|Invention
|Notes
|-
|1454
|Johannes Gutenberg
|Printing press
|
|-
|1571
|Leonard Digges
|Theodolite
|
|-
|1577
|Jost Burgi
|Minute hand
|Burgi's invention was part of a clock made for Tycho Brahe
|-
|1590
|Antonie van Leeuwenhoef
|Microscope
|
|-
|1596
|John Harrington
|Flush toilet
|NOT invented by Thomas Crapper
|-
|1608
|Hans Lippershey
|Refracting telescope
|
|-
|1614
|John Napier
|Logarithms
|
|-
|1620
|Cornelius van Drebel
|Submarine
|
|-
|1630
|Wiliam Oughtred
|Slide rule
|
|-
|1643
|Evangelista Torricelli
|Barometer
|
|-
|1650
|Otto van Guericke
|Vacuum pump
|
|-
|1656
|Christian Huygens
|Pendulum clock
|
|-
|1670
|Dom Perignon
|Champagne
|
|-
|1679
|Denis Papin
|Pressure cooker
|
|-
|1671
|Isaac Newton
|Reflecting telescope
|Isaac Newton did not 'invent' the cat flap. He may have made a hole in a door for his cat to get out
|-
|1698
|Thomas Savery
|Steam powered engine
|Known as the 'fire engine'
|-
|1700
|Bartolomeo Cristofori
|Piano
|
|-
|1701
|Jethro Tull
|Seed drill
|Jethro Tull improved the seed drill, but didn't invent it
|-
|1704
|George Graham
|Orrery
|Named after Charles Boyle, 4th Earl of Orrery
|-
|1711
|John Shore
|Tuning fork
|
|-
|1712
|Thomas Newcomen
|Atmospheric engine
|First operational and practical industrial engine
|-
|1714
|Gabriel Fahrenheit
|Mercury thermometer
|
|-
|1733
|John Kay
|Flying shuttle
|
|-
|1749
|Philip Vaughan
|Ball bearings
|
|-
|1750
|Benjamin Beale
|Bathing machine
|First used at Margate
|-
|1752
|Benjamin Franklin
|Lightning rod
|Franklin also invented bifocal glasses, glass armonica, and the flexible urinary catheter
|-
|1760
|James Heath
|Bath chair
|Named after city of Bath
|-
|1760
|John Merlin
|Roller skate
|Merlin was born in Belgium
|-
|1761
|John Harrison
|Marine chronometer
|
|-
|1762
|Earl of Sandwich
|Sandwich
|John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich, wanted a snack whilst gambling
|-
|1764
|John Hargreaves
|Spinning jenny
|
|-
|1767
|Joseph Priestley
|Soda water
|
|-
|1767
|John Spilsbury
|Jigsaw puzzle
|
|-
|1769
|Richard Arkwright
|Spinning frame
|Later renamed the water frame. Powered the world's first water-powered cotton mill at Cromford, Derbyshire
|-
|1769
|Nicholas-Joseph Cugnot
|Steam wagon
|
|-
|1775
|James Watt
|Steam engine with separate condensor
|Led to development of engines by Boulton and Watt
|-
|1779
|Samuel Crompton
|Spinning mule
|Hybrid of Arkwright's water frame and Hargreaves's Spinning jenny
|-
|1780
|William Addis
|Mass-produced toothbrush
|
|-
|1783
|Joseph and Etienne Montgolfier
|Hot air balloon
|
|-
|1783
|Henry Cort
|Puddling furnace
|Steam rolling machine used for refining iron ore
|-
|1790
|Johann Jacob Schweppe
|Process of artificially carbonating water
|Founded the Schweppes Company of Geneva in 1783
|-
|1791
|Marie Harel
|Camembert
|
|-
|1792
|William Murdoch
|Gas lighting
|Also invented the oscillating steam engine
|-
|1792
|Claude Chappe
|Semaphore telegraph
|First practical telecommunications system
|-
|1792
|Dominique-Jean Larrey
|Ambulance
|
|-
|1793
|Eli Whitney
|Cotton gin
|Short for 'cotton engine'. Separates cotton fibres from seeds
|-
|1793
|George Dunnage
|Silk top hat
|The invention of the top hat is often erroneously credited to a haberdasher named John Hetherington
|-
|1795
|Nicholas Conte
|Modern pencil
|
|-
|1795
|Samuel Henshall
|Corkscrew
|
|-
|1796
|Alois Senefelder
|Lithography
|
|-
|1797
|Andre-Jacques Garnerin
|Frameless parachute
|
|-
|1799
|Alessandro Volta
|Battery
|Known as the Voltaic pile
|-
|1801
|Joseph Marie Jacquard
|Jacquard loom
|The loom is controlled by punched cards with punched holes
|-
|1804
|Richard Trevithick
|Steam locomotive
|First railway journey at the Penydarren Ironworks, in Merthyr Tydfil
|-
|1804
|George Cayley
|Glider
|
|-
|1806
|Ralph Wedgwood
|Carbon paper
|
|-
|1807
|George Manby
|Breeches buoy
|Originally known as the Manby Mortar
|-
|1809
|Nicolas Appert
|Canning
|May also have invented Chicken Kiev
|-
|1816
|Rene Laennec
|Stethoscope
|
|-
|1815
|Humphrey Davy
|Miner's lamp
|
|-
|1816
|David Brewster
|Kaleidoscope
|
|-
|1816
|Joseph Maelzel
|Metronome
|
|-
|1818
|Seth Boyden
|Patent leather
|
|-
|1819
|Joseph van Fraunhofer
|Spectroscope
|
|-
|1821
|Christian Buschmann
|Harmonica
|
|-
|1822
|Nicephore Niepce
|Photoetching
|First photographic images
|-
|1823
|Charles Babbage
|Difference Engine
|Designed to calculate tables of logarithms
|-
|1823
|Charles Macintosh
|Waterproof clothing
|
|-
|1824
|William Sturgeon
|Electromagnet
|
|-
|1824
|Joiseph Aspdin
|Portland cement
|Name is derived from its similarity to Portland stone
|-
|1825
|Robert Foulis
|Foghorn
|
|-
|1826
|John Walker
|Friction match
|
|-
|1827
|Louis Braille
|Braille
|Developed from a French military code
|-
|1830
|Edwin Budding
|Lawnmower
|
|-
|1831
|Michael Faraday
|Electric generator
|
|-
|1833
|Charles Babbage
|Analytical Engine
|Used punched cards
|-
|1834
|George Horner
|Zoetrope
|A device that produces an illusion of action from a rapid succession of static pictures
|-
|1834
|Jacob Perkins
|Refrigeration
|
|-
|1834
|Cyrus McCormick
|Mechanical reaper
|
|-
|1834
|Hiram Moore
|Combine harvester
|
|-
|1834
|Joseph Hamson
|Hamson cab
|Originally called the Hansom safety cab. Designed in York
|-
|1836
|Samuel Morse
|Morse code
|First message - "What hath God wrought"
|-
|1837
|William Cooke and Charles Wheatstone
|Electric telegraph
|
|-
|1837
|Alfred Bird
|Egg-free custard
|
|-
|1838
|Chester Carlson
|Electrophotography
|Process was subsequently renamed to xerography
|-
|1838
|Charles Babbage
|Cow catcher
|Also known as a pilot
|-
|1839
|Louid Daguerre
|Daguerrotype
|First practical photographic process
|-
|1839
|Charles Goodyear
|Vulcanisation
|Rubber heated with sulphur
|-
|1840
|George Elkington
|Electroplating
|
|-
|1840
|Rowland Hill
|Postage stamp
|First stamps were Penny Black and Two penny Blue
|-
|1841
|William Henry Fox Talbot
|Calotype process
|Photographic process using paper coated with silver iodide
|-
|1842
|Joseph Groll
|Pilsener beer
|
|-
|1843
|Charles Wheatstone
|Wheatstone bridge
|Also invented the English concertina, the stereoscope, and the Playfair cipher
|-
|1843
|Alexander Bain
|Fax machine
|
|-
|1845
|Henry James
|Self-raising flour
|
|-
|1845
|William Morton
|Anaesthesia
|Used ether as the anaesthetic
|-
|1845
|Robert Thomson
|Pneumatic tyre
|Design improved by John Dunlop in 1888
|-
|1846
|Elias Howe
|Sewing machine
|
|-
|1846
|Ascanio Sobrero
|Nitroglycerine
|
|-
|1846
|Abraham Gesner
|Kerosene
|
|-
|1848
|James Bogardus
|Skyscraper
|Built the Cast Iron building in New York
|-
|1849
|William Hunt
|Safety pin
|
|-
|1852
|Samuel Fox
|Steel-ribbed umbrella
|
|-
|1852
|Elisha Otis
|Safety lift
|
|-
|1852
|Jean Foucault
|Gyroscope
|Foucault experimented with a giant pendulum
|-
|1853
|Ignacy Lukasiewicz
|Modern street lamp
|Also invented the kerosene lamp and built the world's first oil refinery
|-
|1853
|George Crum
|Potato crisp
|
|-
|1855
|Henry Bessemer
|Bessemer converter
|Converts pig iron into steel by blowing air through it
|-
|1856
|William Henry Perkin
|Synthetic dyes
|Accidentally discovered mauveine, the first aniline dye
|-
|1857
|Joseph Gayetty
|Toilet paper
|
|-
|1857
|Edouard-Leon Scott de Martinville
|Phonautograph
|Earliest known device for recording sound
|-
|1858
|Etienne Lenoir
|Internal combustion engine
|
|-
|1861
|Francis Galton
|Weather map
|
|-
|1866
|Georges Leclanche
|Dry cell battery
|
|-
|1866
|Thomas Allbutt
|Clinical thermometer
|
|-
|1866
|Robert Whitehead
|Torpedo
|
|-
|1867
|George Pullman
|Sleeping car
|
|-
|1867
|Joseph Monier
|Reinforced concrete
|
|-
|1868
|J.P. Knight
|Traffic lights
|First used outside Houses of Parliament
|-
|1869
|Thomas Edison
|Stock ticker
|
|-
|1870
|Alexander Parkes
|Celluloid
|First created as Parkesine by Alexander Parkes and as Xylonite before being registered as Celluloid
|-
|1870
|William Lyman
|Rotating wheel can opener
|
|-
|1871
|Thomas Adams
|Modern chewing gum
|
|-
|1873
|Christopher Latham Sholes
|Qwerty Typewriter
|Marketed by the Remington Arms company
|-
|1874
|Joseph Glidden
|Barbed wire
|
|-
|1875
|Daniel Peter
|Milk chocolate
|Made in Vevey, Switzerland
|-
|1876
|Alexander Graham Bell
|Telephone
|Elisha Grey is considered by many to be the true inventor of the variable resistance telephone
|-
|1876
|Nickolas Otto
|Atmospheric gas engine
|First internal combustion engine to efficiently burn fuel directly in a piston chamber
|-
|1876
|Francis Galton
|Dog whistle
|
|-
|1876
|Samuel Plimsoll
|Plimsoll line
|
|-
|1836
|Melville Bissell
|Carpet sweeper
|
|-
|1877
|Thomas Edison
|Phonograph
|First words recorded were “Mary had a little lamb”
|-
|1878
|Lazarus Zamenhof
|Esperanto
|First 'planned language'
|-
|1879
|Joseph Swan
|Light bulb
|Edison developed a light bulb with a filament later in 1879
|-
|1879
|James Ritty
|Cash register
|
|-
|1880
|Charles Philips
|Milk of Magnesia
|
|-
|1881
|Alexander Graham Bell
|Metal detector
|
|-
|1884
|Hiram Maxim
|Maxim gun
|First self-powered machine gun
|-
|1884
|Paul Nipkow
|Nipkow disc
|A fundamental component in mechanical television
|-
|1884
|Francis Galton
|Fingerprint forensics
|
|-
|1885
|LaMarcus Adna Thompson
|Roller coaster
|
|-
|1885
|Karl Benz
|Automobile powered by internal combustion engine
|
|-
|1885
|Gottlieb Daimler
|Motorcycle
|
|-
|1887
|Charles Parsons
|Steam turbine
|
|-
|1887
|Adolf Fick
|Contact lens
|
|-
|1887
|Emile Berliner
|Gramaphone record
|Also invented the first microphone used as a telephone voice transmitter
|-
|1888
|Marvin Stone
|Paper drinking straws
|
|-
|1889
|John Brodie
|Football goal net
|
|-
|1891
|Karl Elsener
|Swiss Army knife
|
|-
|1891
|Jesse Reno
|Escalator
|
|-
|1892
|Alexander Grant
|Digestive biscuit
|Invented by McVities in Edinburgh
|-
|1892
|James Dewar
|Vacuum flask
|
|-
|1893
|Henry Perky
|Shredded Wheat
|
|-
|1893
|Whitcomb Judson
|Zipper
|
|-
|1894
|William Hooker
|Mouse trap
|James Atkinson, a British inventor, invented a prototype called the ‘Little Nipper’ in 1897
|-
|1894
|john Harvey Kellogg
|Cornflakes
|Brother of W.K. Kellogg
|-
|1895
|Johann Vaaler
|Paper clip
|
|-
|1895
|Guglielmo Marconi
|Rado
|Invented independently by Alexander Popov
|-
|1896
|Neville Bertie-Clay
|Dum dum bullet
|
|-
|1897
|Karl Braun
|Cathode ray tube
|
|-
|1899
|Leo Baekeland
|Velox photographic paper
|Baekeland sold his patent to the president of Kodak, George Eastman, for $1 million
|-
|1901
|King Camp Gillette
|Disposable razor blade
|
|-
|1901
|Hubert Booth
|Powered vacuum cleaner
|Vacuum cleaner was known as 'Puffing Billy'
|-
|1902
|George Ransome
|Powered lawnmower
|
|-
|1903
|Edouard Benedictus
|Laminated glass
|
|-
|1903
|Albert Parkhouse
|Wire coat hanger
|
|-
|1904
|John Ambrose Fleming
|Diode
|
|-
|1904
|Auguste and Louis Lumiere
|Colour photography
|
|-
|1904
|Thomas Sullivan
|Tea bag
|
|-
|1906
|Lee De Forest
|Triode
|Known as an Audion
|-
|1907
|Paul Cornu
|Twin-rotor helicopter
|
|-
|1907
|Alva Fisher
|Electric washing machine
|
|-
|1908
|Jacques Brandenberger
|Cellophane
|
|-
|1910
|William Allen
|Hex key
|
|-
|1910
|George Claude
|Neon tube lighting
|
|-
|1913
|Harry Brearley
|Stainless steel
|
|-
|1913
|Mary Phelps Jacob
|Modern brassiere
|She sold the patent for the ‘backless brassiere’ to the Warner Brothers corset company for $1500
|-
|1913
|Franz Schneider
|Interrupter gear
|Design improved by Fokker in 1915
|-
|1913
|Arthur Wynne
|Crossword puzzle
|Published in New York World
|-
|1914
|Stefan Banic
|Parachute
|
|-
|1915
|Maurice Levy
|Metal lipstick cylinder
|
|-
|1915
|William Mills
|Mills bomb grenade
|
|-
|1916
|Earle Dickson
|Sticking plaster
|Marketed as Band-Aid
|-
|1920
|George Owen Squier
|Technical basis for Muzak
|
|-
|1920
|John Thompson
|Submachine gun
|Known as the Tommy gun
|-
|1922
|Gustaf Dalen
|Aga cooker
|
|-
|1924
|Hans Berger
|Electroencephalogram
|
|-
|1924
|Clarence Birdseye
|Frozen food
|
|-
|1925
|Vladimir Zworykin
|Television system
|Television transmitting and receiving system employing cathode ray tube
|-
|1926
|John Logie Baird
|Television
|
|-
|1926
|Robert Goddard
|Liquid-fuel rocket
|
|-
|1926
|Erik Rotheim
|Aerosol
|
|-
|1927
|Pjilo Farnsworth
|Image dissector camera tube
|First electronic television demonstration
|-
|1928
|Otto Rohwedder
|Bread slicer
|
|-
|1928
|Joseph Schick
|Electric razor
|
|-
|1928
|Philip Drinker
|Iron lung
|
|-
|1929
|Gyorgy Jendrassik
|Turboprop engine
|
|-
|1929
|Ernest Lawrence
|Cyclotron
|
|-
|1930
|Thomas Midgley
|Freon gas
|
|-
|1930
|Frank Whittle
|Jet engine
|
|-
|1932
|George Carwardine
|Anglepoise lamp
|
|-
|1932
|Karl Jansky
|Radio telescope
|
|-
|1933
|Ernst Ruska
|Electron microscope
|
|-
|1934
|Edwin Armstrong
|FM radio
|
|-
|1934
|Percy Shaw
|Catseyes
|
|-
|1935
|Robert Watson-Watt
|Radar
|
|-
|1935
|Wallace Carothers
|Nylon
|Invented at DuPont Experimental Station laboratory
|-
|1936
|George Nissen and Larry Griswold
|Trampoline
|
|-
|1936
|Max Factor
|Foundation (cosmetics)
|Known as Pan-Cake
|-
|1937
|Otto Bayer
|Polyurethane
|Invented at IG Farben in Leverkusen
|-
|1938
|Laszlo Biro
|Ballpoint pen
|
|-
|1938
|Fred Morrison
|Frisbee
|Registered trademaek of the Wham-O toy company
|-
|1943
|Jacques Cousteau
|Aqualung
|
|-
|1944
|Ruben Rausing
|Tetra Pak
|
|-
|1946
|Percy Spencer
|Microwave oven
|Invented at Raytheon
|-
|1946
|Louis Reard
|Bikini
|
|-
|1947
|Dennis Gabor
|Holography
|
|-
|1947
|Ed Lowe
|Cat litter
|Sold as 'kitty litter'
|-
|1947
|Shockley, Bardeen, and Brattain
|Transistor
|Invented at AT&T's Bell Telephone Laboratories
|-
|1947
|Marion Donovan
|Disposable nappy
|
|-
|1948
|Edwin Land
|Polaroid camera
|
|-
|1948
|George de Mestral
|Velcro
|
|-
|1949
|Frank Zamboni
|Ice resurfacer
|
|-
|1949
|Al Gross
|Telephone pager
|Also patented the first walkie-talkie, CB radio, and the cordless telephone
|-
|1950
|Hubert Schlafly
|Teleprompter (autocue)
|
|-
|1950
|Howard Head
|Lamimate skis
|Also invented the oversized tennis racket
|-
|1950
|Ralph Schneider
|Credit card
|Diners Club card
|-
|1951
|Carl Djerassi
|Oral contreaceptive pill
|
|-
|1952
|Gregory Pincus
|Combined oral contraceptive pill
|
|-
|1952
|Buckminster Fuller
|Geodesic dome
|
|-
|1952
|Bernard Silver and Joseph Woodland
|Barcode
|
|-
|1953
|John Hetrick
|Airbag
|
|-
|1953
|Townes, Gordon, and Zeiger
|Maser
|Invented at Columbia University
|-
|1955
|Louis Essen
|Atomic clock
|At UK National Physical Laboratory
|-
|1955
|Christopher Cockerell
|Hovercraft
|
|-
|1955
|Jonas Salk
|Polio vaccine
|
|-
|1956
|Robert Adler
|TV remote control
|Device was known as 'Lazy Bones'
|-
|1957
|Alfred Fielding and Marc Chavannes
|Bubble wrap
|Invented at Sealed Air Corporation
|-
|1958
|Momofuku Ando
|Instant noodles
|
|-
|1958
|Jack Kilby
|Integrated circuit
|Invented at Texas Instruments. Also invented the handheld calculator and thermal printer
|-
|1960
|Theodore Maiman
|Laser
|Invented at Hughes Research Laboratories
|-
|1960
|Wilson Greatbatch
|Cardiac pacemaker
|
|-
|1962
|Alex Moulton
|Folding bicycle
|
|-
|1962
|Ermal Fraze
|Ring pull
|
|-
|1963
|Douglas Englebart
|Computer mouse
|
|-
|1963
|Edward Craven-Walker
|Lava lamp
|Also known as Astro lamp
|-
|1964
|Rudi Gernreich
|Monokini
|
|-
|1964
|Bitzer, Slottow, and Willson
|Plasma display
|Invented at University of Illinois for the PLATO Computer System
|-
|1965
|Stephanie Kwolek
|Kevlar
|Invented at DuPont
|-
|1965
|James Russell
|Optical disc
|
|-
|1965
|Owen Maclaren
|Baby buggy
|
|-
|1969
|Willard Boyle and George E. Smith
|Charge-coupled device
|Invented at AT&T's Bell Labs
|-
|1971
|Steve Chmelar
|Foam hand (finger)
|
|-
|1971
|Clayton Jacobsen
|Jet ski
|
|-
|1974
|Arthur Fry
|Post-it note
|Invented at 3M. Originally known as Press ‘n Peel
|-
|1977
|Patrick Steptoe
|In vitro fertilisation
|Louise Brown was first 'test tube baby'
|-
|1977
|Raymond Damadian
|MRI scanner
|
|-
|1980
|Bill Carlton
|Cyclops
|System uses infra-red to decide whether tennis balls are in or out
|-
|1984
|Friedhelm Hillebrand
|SMS (Short Message Service)
|
|-
|1984
|Alec Jeffreys
|DNA fingerprinting
|
|-
|1991
|Trevor Baylis
|Clockwork radio
|
|-
|2001
|Dean Kamen
|Segway
|
|-
|2001
|Paul Hawkins
|Hawk-Eye
|First used on television at cricket matches
|}

Civilisation/Founders

2021-04-22T11:29:14Z

Admin: Created page with "{| class="wikitable" |Year |Organisation |Founder |Notes |- |1652 |Quakers |George Fox |Religious Society of Friends |- |1660 |Royal Society |Christopher Wren and others |The..."

{| class="wikitable"
|Year
|Organisation
|Founder
|Notes
|-
|1652
|Quakers
|George Fox
|Religious Society of Friends
|-
|1660
|Royal Society
|Christopher Wren and others
|The Royal Society of London for the Improvement of Natural Knowledge
|-
|1694
|Bank of England
|William Patterson
|
|-
|1741
|Foundling Hospital
|Thomas Coram
|
|-
|1747
|The Shakers
|Jane and James Wardley
|Ann Lee was a member
|-
|1750
|Jockey Club
|
|Founded as a high society social club
|-
|1753
|British Museum
|Hans Sloane
|
|-
|1768
|Royal Academy of Arts
|
|Founded through a personal act of King George III
|-
|1780
|Sunday School movement
|Robert Raikes
|
|-
|1788
|Linnean Society
|
|Named after the Swedish naturalist Carolus Linnaeus
|-
|1791
|Ordnance Survey
|
|
|-
|1799
|Royal Institution
|Henry Cavendish and others
|
|-
|1802
|United States Military Academy
|Thomas Jefferson
|West Point
|-
|1804
|Royal Horticultural Society
|John Wedgwood and Joseph Banks
|
|-
|1823
|The Lancet
|Thomas Wackley
|
|-
|1824
|National Gallery
|
|
|-
|1824
|Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI)
|William Hilary
|Founded on Isle of Man
|-
|1828
|Royal Free Hospital
|Richard Marsden
|
|-
|1830
|The Mormons
|Joseph Smith
|Succeeded by Brigham Young
|-
|1830
|Royal Geographical Society
|
|
|-
|1843
|The Economist
|James Wilson
|Founded to campaign against the Corn Laws
|-
|1844
|YMCA
|George Williams
|
|-
|1851
|Western Union
|Ezra Cornell
|Completed the first transcontinental telegraph line in 1861
|-
|1857
|Alpine Club
|
|Probably the world's first mountaineering club
|-
|1859
|Red Cross
|Henry Dunant
|After the Battle of Solferino
|-
|1860
|Battersea Dogs Home
|Mary Tealby
|In 2002, name changed to 'The Battersea Dogs and Cats Home'
|-
|1865
|Salvation Army
|William Booth
|Originally the East London Christian Mission
|-
|1865
|Ku Klux Klan
|
|Founded in Tennessee by Confederate Army veterans
|-
|1866
|National Secular Society
|Charles Bradlaugh
|
|-
|1866
|Howard League for Penal Reform
|John Howard
|
|-
|1867
|Ladybird Books
|Henry Wills
|
|-
|1869
|Nature
|Norman Lockyer
|
|-
|1875
|Theosophical Society
|Madame Blavatsky
|
|-
|1876
|Mothers' Union
|Mary Sumner
|
|-
|1879
|Christian Scientists
|Mary Baker Eddy
|
|-
|1881
|American Red Cross
|Clara Barton
|
|-
|1882
|Church Army
|Wilson Carlile
|
|-
|1883
|Boys Brigade
|William Smith
|Motto - "sure and steadfast"
|-
|1884
|Fabian Society
|
|Named in honour of the Roman general Fabius Maximus
|-
|1891
|Crufts
|Charles Cruft
|Best in Show was first awarded in 1928
|-
|1891
|National Canine Defence League
|
|Now known as Dogs Trust
|-
|1897
|Women's Institute
|Adelaide Hoodless
|Founded in Stoney Creek, Canada. First UK meeting in 1915
|-
|1897
|World Zionist Organisation
|
|
|-
|1897
|National Union of Women’s Suffrage Societies
|Millicent Fawcett
|
|-
|1897
|Royal Automobile Club (RAC)
|
|Oldest motoring organisation in UK
|-
|1903
|Automobile Association (AA)
|
|
|-
|1903
|Women’s Social and Political Union (WSPU)
|Emmeline Pankhurst
|
|-
|1904
|Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA)
|Herbert Beerbohm Tree
|
|-
|1905
|Rotary Club
|
|Founded in Chicago
|-
|1905
|Magic Circle
|
|
|-
|1908
|Mills & Boon
|Gerald Rusgrove Mills and Charles Boon
|
|-
|1909
|National Association for the Advancement of Coloured People
|
|
|-
|1912
|Calgary Stampde
|Guy Weadick
|
|-
|1912
|Girl Scouts of the USA
|Juliette Gordon Low
|
|-
|1913
|New Statesman
|Sidney and Beatrice Webb
|
|-
|1916
|Paramount Pictures
|Adolph Zukor and Jesse Lasky
|
|-
|1917
|People’s Dispensary for Sick Animals (PDSA)
|Maria Dickin
|
|-
|1917
|Hogarth Press
|Leonard Woolf and Virginia Woolf
|
|-
|1919
|Save the Children
|Eglantyne Jebb
|
|-
|1919
|United Artists
|Chaplin, Fairbanks, Pickford and Griffith
|
|-
|1921
|British Legion
|Earl Haig and others
|Granted a Royal Charter in 1971
|-
|1922
|Reader's Digest
|Lila Bell Wallace and DeWitt Wallace
|
|-
|1922
|Transport and General Workers’ Union
|
|Merged with Amicus to form Unite in 2007
|-
|1923
|Warner Brothers
|Harry, Albert, Sam and Jack Warner
|
|-
|1923
|Interpol
|
|Founded in Austria as the International Criminal Police (ICP)
|-
|1928
|Flying Doctor Service
|John Flynn
|Founded in Queensland
|-
|1928
|Muslim Brotherhood
|Hassan al-Banna
|
|-
|1928
|Opus Dei
|Josemaría Escriva de Balaguer
|Founded in Madrid
|-
|1934
|British Council
|
|
|-
|1934
|Hammer Film Productions
|William Hinds
|
|-
|1934
|National Council for Civil Liberties (NCCL)
|
|Changed its name to "Liberty" in 1989
|-
|1935
|Alcoholics Anonymous
|Bill Wilson and Bob Smith
|Founded in Akron, Ohio
|-
|1935
|American Institute of Public Opinion
|George Gallup
|
|-
|1935
|Ramblers’ Association
|TA Leonard
|Rebranded as the "Ramblers" in 2009
|-
|1946
|Mensa
|Roland Berrill and Lancelot Ware
|At Lincoln College Oxford
|-
|1950
|Missionaries of Charity
|Mother Teresa
|Headquarters in Kolkata
|-
|1951
|War on Want
|
|Motto - "Poverty is Political"
|-
|1953
|The Samaritians
|Chad Varah
|
|-
|1955
|Black Sash
|Jean Sinclair
|White women's resistance organization in South Africa
|-
|1955
|Institute of Economic Affairs
|
|Think tank
|-
|1957
|White Defence League
|Colin Jordan
|Dissolved in 1960
|-
|1957
|Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (CND)
|
|Bertrand Russell was the first President
|-
|1961
|Monday Club
|
|Founded by four young Conservative Party members
|-
|1961
|Amnesty International
|Peter Benenson
|
|-
|1961
|World Wildlife Fund
|
|Changed its name to World Wide Fund for Nature in 1986
|-
|1964
|Organization of Afro-American Unity
|Malcolm X
|
|-
|1965
|Confederation of British Industry (CBI)
|
|
|-
|1965
|National Viewers' and Listeners' Association (NVLA)
|Mary Whitehouse
|Now known as Mediawatch-uk
|-
|1965
|The Landmark Trust
|John Smith
|Building preservation charity
|-
|1966
|Black Panthers
|Huey Newton and Bobby Seale
|
|-
|1967
|Hospice movement
|Cecily Saunders
|St Christopher’s Hospice
|-
|1969
|Friends of the Earth
|David Brower
|Motto - "Think globally, act locally"
|-
|1971
|Campaign for Real Ale (CAMRA)
|
|Founded in Ireland
|-
|1971
|Greenpeace
|Bob Hunter
|Founded in Vancouver
|-
|1971
|Médecins Sans Frontières
|Bernard Kouchner and others
|Formed as an aftermath of the Biafra secession
|-
|1977
|Sea Shepherd Conservation Society
|Paul Watson
|
|-
|1979
|Inamrsat
|
|Founded as the International Maritime Satellite Organization
|-
|1984
|Cirque de Soleil
|Guy Laliberte
|
|-
|1985
|COTS (Childlessness Overcome Through Surrogacy)
|Kim Cotton
|Britain’s first surrogate mother
|-
|2003
|Fathers 4 Justice
|Matt O'Connor
|
|-
|2005
|Plane Stupid
|
|Want to see an end to airport expansion
|-
|2007
|Help for Heroes
|Bryn and Emma Parry
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Civilisation

2021-04-22T11:28:33Z

Admin:

*[[Civilisation/20th Century History|20th Century History]]
*[[Civilisation/Acronyms|Acronyms]]
*[[Civilisation/Architecture|Architecture]]
*[[Civilisation/Biographies|Biographies]]
*[[Civilisation/British Isles Geography|British Isles Geography]]
*[[Civilisation/British Isles Politics|British Isles Politics]]
*[[Civilisation/Business|Business]]
*[[Civilisation/Education|Education]]
*[[Civilisation/Explorers|Explorers]]
*[[Civilisation/Founders|Founders]]
*[[Civilisation/Flags|Flags]]
*[[Civilisation/Inventions|Inventions]]
*[[Civilisation/Language|Language]]
*[[Civilisation/Law and Order|Law and Order]]
*[[Civilisation/Nobel Prizes|Nobel Prizes]]
*[[Civilisation/Psychology|Psychology]]
*[[Civilisation/Space Exploration|Space Exploration]]
*[[Civilisation/Technology|Technology]]
*[[Civilisation/Transport|Transport]]
*[[Civilisation/USA Politics|USA Politics]]
*[[Civilisation/Words|Words]]
*[[Civilisation/World Geography - Africa|World Geography - Africa]]
*[[Civilisation/World Geography - Americas|World Geography - Americas]]
*[[Civilisation/World Geography - Asia|World Geography - Asia]]
*[[Civilisation/World Geography - Europe|World Geography - Europe]]
*[[Civilisation/World Geography - Oceania and Antarctica|World Geography - Oceania and Antarctica]]
*[[Civilisation/World Politics|World Politics]]

Sport and Leisure/USA Major League teams

2021-04-22T11:26:14Z

Admin: Created page with "{| class="wikitable" | |NFL |MLB |NBA |NHL |- |Anaheim | |Angels | |Mighty Ducks |- |Arizona |Cardinals |Diamondbacks | | |- |Atlanta |Falcons |Braves |Hawks | |- |Baltimore |..."

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|MLB
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|Falcons
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|Ravens
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|Bears
|Cubs, White Sox
|Bulls
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|Cincinnati
|Bengals
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|Indians
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|Charlotte
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Sport and Leisure

2021-04-22T11:25:49Z

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*[[Sport and Leisure/Chess|Chess]]
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*[[Sport and Leisure/Sport 2014|Sport 2014]]
*[[Sport and Leisure/Sport 2015|Sport 2015]]
*[[Sport and Leisure/Sport 2016|Sport 2016]]
*[[Sport and Leisure/Sports Personality of the Year|Sports Personality of the Year]]
*[[Sport and Leisure/Summer Olympics|Summer Olympics]]
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Sport and Leisure/Sport 2016

2021-04-19T13:55:14Z

Admin: Created page with "Jan 1 European Capital of Sport – Prague Jan 2 Sussex cricketer Matthew Hobden dies Jan 3 Ben Stokes hits the fastest double century for England, the second fastest in..."

Jan 1

European Capital of Sport – Prague

Jan 2

Sussex cricketer Matthew Hobden dies

Jan 3

Ben Stokes hits the fastest double century for England, the second fastest in history. He reached 200 in 163 balls to beat Ian Botham's 220-ball record. Jonny Bairstow struck his maiden Test century and shared in a stand of 399, a sixth-wicket world record

Stokes and Bairstow added 196 in the morning session

PDC final – Anderson bt Lewis 7-5

Jan 4

Zinedene Zidane replaces Rafa Benitez as manager of Real Madrid

Richard Johnson records 3,000th career win

Jan 5

BDO first round – Jeff Smith (Canada) bt Martin Adams

Chris Gayle fined £4,900 after he asked a TV reporter for a date in a live interview during a Big Bash League match

England Player of the Year – Wayne Rooney

England U21 Player of the Year – Jack Butland

Jan 6

Christy O'Connor Jnr dies

Second Test (Cape Town) England 629-6 (Stokes 258, Bairstow 150) and 159-6 South Africa 627-7 (Amla 201, Bavuma 102)

Temba Bavuma is first black South African to score a Test century

Stuart Broad is fined 30% of his match fee after telling umpire Aleem Dar to "just get on with the game"

Hashim Alma resigns as South African captain

Nick Kyrgios beats Murray for the first time, in the Hopman Cup

Four Hills Tournament – Peter Prevc (Slovenia)

Jan 7

Caretaker manager Alan Curtis to remain in charge of Swansea City until the end of the season

Jan 8

Borussia Dortmund and Gabon striker Pierre-Emerick Aubameyang beats Yaya Toure to be named the CAF African Player of the Year for 2015

Jan 9

BDO women’s final – Trina Gulliver bt Deta Hedman to win her 10th title

Jan 10

Hopman Cup final – Australia Green (Kyrgios and Gavrilova) bt Ukraine

Murray and Watson represented GB in Hopman Cup

FA Cup third round – Oxford Utd bt Swansea

Colin Munro hits the second-fastest Twenty20 international half-century, off only 14 balls, for New Zealand against Sri Lanka

Masters first round – Allen bt Murphy

Murphy forfeited a frame after failing to hit the reds with three successive shots when not snookered

BDO final – Scott Waites bt Jeff Smith 7-1

Jan 11

Tournament of Champions – Jordan Speith

Ballon d'Or – Lionel Messi 2nd Cristiano Ronaldo 3rd Neymar

Women's world player – Carli Lloyd

Men’s football coach – Luis Enrique

Women’s football coach – Jill Ellis (USA)

Puskas goal award – Wendell Lira (Brazil). David Ball was nominated for his goal for Fleetwood against Preston

Jan 12

Jonjo Shelvey moves from Swansea to Newcastle

Jan 13

Fifa sacks general secretary Jerome Valcke

St Louis Rams to move to Los Angeles

Defoe hat-trick for Sunderland against Swansea

Jan 16

Third Test (Johannesburg) South Africa 313 and 83 (Broad 6-17) England 323 (Root 110, Rabada 5-78) and 74-3. England won by seven wickets

Broad took 5-1 in 31 balls

In South Africa’s first innings all players made double figures, but no one scored 50; the first time this has happened in Test cricket

Stuart Broad becomes the first England player since Steve Harmison in 2004 to top the International Cricket Council's Test bowling rankings

David Haye beats Mark de Mori in comeback fight

Charlie Austin moves from QPR to Southampton

Jan 17

BBL Cup final – Newcastle Eagles bt Leicester Riders

Victoria Pendleton completes first point-to-point race as jockey

EurAsia Cup (Kuala Lumpur) – Europe bt Asia

Abu Dhabi Golf Championship – Rickie Fowler

Martin Guptill and Kane Williamson break the record for the highest stand in Twenty20 international cricket, with 171 for New Zealand against Pakistan

Masters final – O’Sullivan bt Hawkins 10-1. Sixth Masters title, equaling Stephen Hendry’s record

Javier Hernandez (Spain) wins fourth successive men’s title at European Figure Skating Championships

Jan 18

Chris Gayle equals T20 record with 50 off 12 balls for Melbourne Renegades in Big Bash League

Mohammed Amir plays for Pakistan after a five-year ban for spot-fixing

Jan 19

Australian Open first round – Konta bt Venus Williams, Verdasco bt Nadal

Francesco Guidolan appointed as head coach of Swansea City

Jan 21

Women’s World Indoor Bowls Championship final – Ellen Falkner bt Rebecca Field

Tennis commentator Gerald Williams dies

Hereford racecourse to re-open

Jan 23

Jack Bannister dies

Shiv Chanderpaul retires from international cricket

Norwich 4 Liverpool 5

Jan 24

Women’s Big Bash League final – Sydney Thunder bt Sydney Sixers

Big Bash League final – Melbourne Stars 176-9 (Pietersen 74) Sydney Thunder 181-7 (Khawaja 70)

Men’s World Indoor Bowls Championship final – Nick Brett bt Robert Paxton

Stephen Gostkowski misses an extra point for New England Patriots, after 523 consecutive successes

Lindsey Vonn sets a new record for women's World Cup downhill victories with her 37th win

Irish Champion Hurdle – Faugheen

Jan 25

Adidas to end IAAF sponsorship deal

Andros Townsend moves from Spurs to Newcastle

Jan 26

Fourth Test (Centurion) South Africa 475 (Cook 115, Amla 109, de Kock 129) and 248-5 England 342 (Rabada 7-112) and 101(Rabada 6-32). South Africa won by 280 runs. England win series 2-1

Capital One Cup semi-final – Liverpool bt Stoke

Jan 27

Capital One Cup semi-final – Man City bt Everton

Jan 28

Semi-finals – Kerber bt Konta, Williams bt Radwanska

Johanna Konta is first British woman to reach semi-final of a Grand Slam since Jo Durie in US Open in 1983

Semi-final – Djokovic bt Federer

Jan 29

Women’s doubles final – Hingis and Mirza bt Hlavackova and Hradecka

Semi-final – Murray bt Raonic

Jan 30

Women’s final – Kerber bt Williams

Men’s doubles final – Jamie Murray and Soares bt Nestor and Stepanek

Men’s wheelchair – Gordon Reid

Dakar Rally (Buenos Aires to Rosario, via Bolivia) –

Cars – Stephane Peterhansel, driving a Peugeot

Bikes – Toby Price (Australia)

Netball Superleague Super Saturday at Genting Arena, Birmingham

Jan 31

Final – Djokovic bt Murray. Sixth Australian title for Djokovic. Fifth time that Murray has lost in the final

Mixed doubles final – Soares and Vesnina bt Tecau and Vandeweghe

Shane Watson 124 in T20 international for Australia against India

Great Ocean Road Race – Peter Kennaugh

Bike at cyclo-cross world championships is allegedly found to contain a motor

Scottish League Cup semi-final – Ross County bt Celtic

Feb 1

Pep Guardiola to replace Manuel Pellegrini as manager of Man City at the end of the season

Kevin Magnusson to replace Pastor Maldonado at Renault

Transfer deadline day –

Most expensive UK signing – Giannelli Imbula (Porto to Stoke) £18.3 million

Feb 3

First ODI – England 399-9 (Buttler 105) South Africa 250-5 (De Kock 130). England won on D/L method

Wayne Bennett appointed as coach of England rugby league team

Feb 6

Fed Cup play-off – Belgium bt GB (Watson and Swan)

Second ODI – South Africa 262-7 England 263-5 (Hales 99)

Feb 7

Six Nations captains – Dylan Hartley, Sam Warburton, Rory Best, Grieg Laidlaw, Guilhem Guirado, Sergio Parisse

Six Nations coaches – Eddie Jones, Warren Gatland, Joe Schmidt, Vern Cotter, Guy Noves, Jacques Brunel

Ireland 16 Wales 16. First draw between the two sides in Dublin since 1974

Super Bowl 50 (Levi’s Stadium, Santa Clara) – Denver Broncos 24 Carolina Panthers 10. MVP – Von Miller

Peyton Manning retires after fourth Super Bowl appearance

Half-time entertainment – Coldplay and Beyonce

Super Bowl LI is scheduled to be held at NRG Stadium in Houston

NFL MVP – Cam Newton (Carolina Panthers)

Dubai Desert Classic – Danny Willett

German Open final – Martin Gould bt Luca Brecel

Hennessy Cognac Irish Gold Cup – Carlingford Lough

Feb 9

Third ODI – England 318-8 (Root 125) South Africa 319-3 (De Kock 135, Amla 127)

Paul O’Connell retires from all forms of rugby union

Feb 10

Nestle to end IAAF sponsorship deal

Liverpool scrap plans for £77 ticket following walk-out by fans at game against Sunderland

Adam Johnson admits child sex charges and is sacked by Sunderland

Feb 11

Kyren Wilson and Anthony Hamilton make history by scoring six consecutive centuries in a snooker match, at the China Open qualifiers in Barnsley

Feb 12

Fourth ODI – England 262 (Root 109) South Africa 266-9

Tour of Qatar – Cavendish

Jerome Valcke banned from all football-related activity for 12 years

Feb 14

Fifth ODI – England 236 (Hales 112) South Africa 237-5 (De Villiers 101) South Africa win series 3-2

Under-19 World Cup final (Bangladesh) West Indies bt India

Aston Villa 0 Liverpool 6

Jonathan Joseph hat-trick for England against Italy

Feb 15

Snooker Shoot-Out – Robin Hull

Walter McGowan dies

Feb 16

South Stand at Old Trafford to be renamed in honour of Bobby Charlton

Ronnie O'Sullivan turns down the chance of a 147 break at the Welsh Open because the £10,000 prize is not enough

Feb 17

Ding 147 against Robertson

Feb 19

World Club Challenge game 1 – Sydney Roosters bt St Helens

First T20 – England 134-8 South Africa 135-7. Chris Morris hit two off the last ball as bowler Reece Topley failed to collect Joe Root's throw

Feb 20

World Club Challenge game 2 – Brisbane Broncos bt Wigan Warriors

Brendan McCullum hits fastest Test century, off 54 balls, in his final Test match, against Australia

Kate Richardson-Walsh breaks England hockey caps record, winning her 356th cap

Feb 21

World Club Challenge game 3 – Leeds Rhinos 4 North Queensland Cowboys 38

Man of the match – Jonathan Thurston

Mitch Garbett (Leeds) is sent off

Welsh Open final – O’Sullivan bt Robertson

Second T20 – England 171 South Africa 172-1. De Villiers 71 off 29 balls. South Africa win series 2-0

Denny Hamlin wins Daytona 500 by 11 one-thousandths of a second, the closest in the history of the race

Feb 22

Golden State Warriors eclipse a record set by Michael Jordan's Chicago Bulls as they became the fastest side in NBA history to 50 wins

Feb 24

Sepp Blatter and Michel Platini lose Fifa appeals but their suspensions are reduced from eight to six years

Feb 26

Steph Curry (Golden State Warriors) becomes the first player in NBA history to score a three-point shot in 128 consecutive games

Gianni Infantino from Switzerland is elected Fifa president

Stuart Pearce signs a one-match deal with Longford AFC, a team dubbed 'The worst in Great Britain', in order to support the grass roots game

Super Rugby expanded to 18 teams with addition of the Jaguares from Argentina and the Sunwolves from Japan

Feb 27

Carl Frampton bt Scott Quigg at Manchester Arena in IBF and WBA super-bantamweight title fight

BBL Trophy final –Leicester Riders bt Newcastle Eagles

Feb 28

Capital One Cup final – Man City 1 (Fernandinho) Liverpool 1 (Coutinho). Man City won 3-1 on penalties. Willy Cabellero saved three penalties

Marcus Rashford, aged 18, scores twice for Man Utd against Arsenal

Feb 29

Fahrad Moshari buys 49.9% stake in Everton

Mar 2

Victoria Pendleton wins her first race as an amateur jockey on Pacha Du Polder at Wincanton

Galatasaray suspended from European competition for a year for breaching financial fair play rules

World Track Cycling Championships start at Lee Valley VeloPark

Mar 3

Scratch race – Trott

Championship League Snooker final – Trump bt O’Sullivan

Martin Crowe dies

Mar 4

Points race – Jon Dibben

Mar 5

Sprint – Jason Kenny

Alan Shearer’s team beats Robbie Savage’s team in a 57-hour five-a-side game for Sport Relief

Mar 6

Omnium – Trott

Madison – Wiggins and Cavendish

Davis Cup (Birmingham) – GB 3 Japan 1. Murray bt Nishikori in fourth match

EIHL Challenge Cup final – Nottingham Panthers bt Cardiff Devils

Monterey Open – Heather Watson

Doral WGC – Adam Scott

UK Open darts final – Van Gerwen bt Wright

Mar 7

Sharapova fails drugs test for meldonium

All-England badminton finals (Barclaycard Arena, Birmingham). Men’s – Lin Dan (China). Women’s – Nozomi Okuhara (Japan)

Mar 9

Oman bt Ireland in T20

SheBelieves Cup – 1st USA, 2nd Germany, 3rd France, 4th England. Women’s football tournament held in USA

Mar 11

Rafa Benitez replaces Steve McClaren as manager of Newcastle

Premier League clubs to cap away ticket prices at £30

Mar 12

Scotland bt Hong Kong. First ever win in a major cricket tournament

South Africa's Wayde van Niekerk becomes the first athlete to run under 10 seconds for the 100m, 20 seconds for the 200m and 44 seconds for 400m

Anthony Watson scores England’s only try against Wales

London Irish and Saracens play first ever Aviva Premiership match abroad, at Red Bull Arena in Harrison, New Jersey

Mar 13

Paris-Nice – Geraint Thomas

FA Cup quarter-final – Watford bt Arsenal

England win Six Nations after Scotland beat France for first time in 10 years

Scottish League Cup final – Ross County bt Hibernian

World Grand Prix final – Murphy bt Bingham

ICC World Twenty20 final group tables –

Group A – Bangladesh, Oman, Netherlands, Ireland

Group B – Afghanistan, Zimbabwe, Scotland, Hong Kong

Paris St Germain win Ligue 1 with eight games to spare

Mar 15

Champion Hurdle – Annie Power (Ruby Walsh), trained by Willie Mullins. 2nd My Tent Or Yours 3rd Nichols Canyon

India bowled out for 79 by New Zealand in opening match of World Twenty20 Super 10s

Mar 16

Queen Mother Champion Chase – Sprinter Sacre

West Indies bt England. Gayle 100, including 11 sixes

Barcelona bt Arsenal

PGA Grand Slam of Golf to be discontinued

Mar 17

World Hurdle – Thistlecrack

Europa League – Liverpool bt Man Utd, Borussia Dortmund bt Spurs

World Indoor Athletics Championships start in Portland, Oregon

Mar 18

Gold Cup – Don Cossack (Bryan Cooper), trained by Gordon Elliott. 2nd Djakadam 3rd Don Poli

Foxhunter Chase – On The Fringe (Nina Carberry). 5th Pacha Du Polder (Victoria Pendleton)

Leading jockey – Ruby Walsh

Leading trainer – Willie Mullins

Women’s Six Nations – France

Mar 19

Women’s 60m hurdles. Bronze – Tiffany Porter

Women’s long jump. Bronze – Lorraine Ugen

England beat France to win first grand slam since 2003

Final table – England, Wales, Ireland, Scotland, France, Italy

Leading try scorer – George North (4)

Leading points scorer – Owen Farrell (69)

Player of the Tournament – Stuart Hogg

Ben Swift finishes second in Milan-San Remo race

New qualifying format in Formula 1, which sees drivers eliminated every 90 seconds through three sessions of qualifying, comes in for criticism

Champion County Match (Abu Dhabi) – MCC bt Yorkshire. Gary Ballance 105 for Yorkshire

Mar 20

Women’s high jump won by Vashti Cunningham, the daughter of NFL star Randall Cunningham

High jump. Silver – Robbie Grabarz

Great Britain fails to win a gold medal at the World Indoor Championships for only the second time since 1997

Formula 1 teams –

Mercedes – Hamilton, Rosberg

Red Bull – Ricciardo, Kvyat

Ferrari – Vettel, Raikkonen

McLaren – Alonso, Button

Williams – Massa, Bottas

Force India – Perez, Hulkenberg

Sauber – Ericsson, Nasr

Toro Rosso – Sainz, Verstappen

Renault – Magnussen, Jolyon Palmer

Haas F1 – Grosjean, Gutierrez

Manor – Pascal Wehrlein (Germany), Rio Haryanto (Indonesia)

Australian GP – Rosberg, Hamilton, Vettel. 6th Grosjean – debut points for Haas F1

Alonso survives 180mph crash

Tim Howard to move from Everton to Colorado Rapids

Mar 23

India bt Bangladesh by 1 run after Bangladesh lose three wickets off last three balls

Alpine Ski World Cup –

Men’s overall – Marcel Hirscher

Men’s downhill – Peter Fill (Italy)

Women’s overall – Lara Gut (Switzerland)

Women’s downhill – Lindsey Vonn

Men’s Ski Jumping World Cup – Peter Prevc (Slovenia)

Women’s Ski Jumping World Cup – Sara Takanashi (Japan)

Elite League ice hockey champions – Sheffield Steelers

Mar 24

Johan Cruyff dies

Mar 26

World Half Marathon (Cardiff) – Geoffrey Kamworor (Kenya). 3rd Mo Farah

Dubai World Cup – California Chrome (Victor Espinoza)

Germany 2 England 3 (Vardy, Kane, Dier). Danny Rose makes England debut

British middleweight title – Chris Eubank bt Nick Blackwell, who is put in an induced coma after the fight

Mar 27

Players’ Championship final – Allen bt Walden

Afghanistan bt West Indies

World Women's Curling Championship final (Canada) – Switzerland bt Japan

Boat race – Cambridge. Women’s race won by Oxford

WGC-Dell Match Play final – Day bt Oosthuizen

Mar 28

Final Super10 tables –

Group 1 – West Indies, England, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Afghanistan

Group 2 – New Zealand, India, Australia, Pakistan, Bangladesh

Harry Redknapp to act as an adviser for Jordan’s national side

Jamie Murray becomes world number one men’s doubles player

Irish Grand National – Rogue Angel

Mar 29

England 1 (Vardy) Netherlands 2. Danny Drinkwater makes England debut

Remi Garde leaves Aston Villa

Mar 30

Semi-final – England bt New Zealand

Women’s semi-final – Australia bt England

Gary Neville sacked as manager of Valencia

Mar 31

Semi-final – West Indies bt India

Sarah Young dies in Clipper Round the World yacht race

Eric Black appointed as caretaker manager of Aston Villa

Apr 2

Stoffel Vandoorne (Belgium) replaces Alonso for Bahrain GP

Lincoln Handicap – Secret Brief

Apr 3

World Figure Skating Championships (Boston) – Men’s – Javier Fernandez (Spain). Women’s – Evgenia Medvedeva (Russia)

Apr 4

Women’s World Cup final – West Indies bt Australia

World Cup final (Kolkata) – England 155-9 (Root 54) West Indies 161-6 (Samuels 85)

Carlos Brathwaite hit the last four balls bowled by Ben Stokes for six

Player of the tournament – Kohli

China Open final – Trump bt Walden

Elite League play-off final – Nottingham Panthers bt Coventry Blaze

Bahrain GP – Rosberg, Raikkonen, Hamilton. 10th Stoffel Vandoorne

Football League Trophy final – Barnsley bt Oxford United

ANA Inspiration (formerly known most recently as the Kraft Nabisco Championship) – Lydia Ko. 2nd Charley Hull

Italy manager Antonio Conte appointed as manager of Chelsea for next season

Women’s Ice Hockey World Championship final (Canada) – USA bt Canada

Apr 6

Joe Marler banned for two matches and fined £20,000 by World Rugby for calling Wales forward Samson Lee "Gypsy boy"

Masters Par 3 contest – Jimmy Walker. Nine holes-in-one in the contest, including one from Gary Player

Apr 7

Aintree Hurdle – Annie Power (Ruby Walsh)

Apr 8

Melling Chase – God’s Own (Paddy Brennan)

Apr 9

Grand National – Rule The World (David Mullins), trained by Mouse Morris, 2nd The Last Samurai, 3rd Vics Canvas

Andy Carroll hat-trick for West Ham against Arsenal

Anthony Joshua beats Charles Martin to win IBF World Heavyweight title

IPL 9 starts. Rising Pune Supergiants and Gujarat Lions are new to the tournament, replacing the two suspended Chennai Super Kings and Rajasthan Royals franchises respectively

Apr 10

British & Irish Cup final – London Welsh bt Yorkshire Carnegie

The Masters – Danny Willett. 2nd Speith, Westwood, 4th Casey, 7th Fitzpatrick, 10th Rose

Speith took seven at the par-three 12th in the final round

Lowry, Love, and Oosthuizen all shoot holes-in-one at 16th hole

World Men's Curling Championship final (Switzerland) – Canada bt Denmark

Hong Kong Sevens final – Fiji bt New Zealand

Apr 12

James Taylor forced to retire because of a serious heart condition

Champions League quarter-final – Man City bt Paris St Germain

Allister Coetzee is named as the new coach of the South Africa rugby team

Apr 13

Ben Duckett 282 for Northants against Sussex

Champions League – Atletico Madrid bt Barcelona

Wisden Cricketers of the Year – Jonny Bairstow, Brendan McCullum, Steve Smith, Ben Stokes, Kane Williamson

Leading Cricketer in the World – Kane Williamson

Apr 14

Kobe Bryant scores 60 points in final game with LA Lakers

Golden State Warriors set NBA record with 73rd win in regular season, beating Chicago Bulls record set in 1995–96

Steph Curry becomes first player to net more than 400 three-pointers in a season

Liverpool 4 Borussia Dortmund 3. Winning goal scored by Lovren

Apr 16

Worcester 35 Wasps 54. Christian Wade scores six tries to equal the premiership record of Ryan Constable (Saracens)

Aguero hat-trick for Man City against Chelsea

World Snooker Championship first round – Carter bt Bingham

Apr 17

Chinese GP – Rosberg, Vettel, Kvyat

Scottish Cup semi-final – Rangers bt Celtic

Steve Davis retires

Kenya Sevens win first World Series title

Scottish Grand National – Vicente

Sky Bet Championship Player of the Year – Andre Gray (Burnley)

League One award – Bradley Dack (Gillingham)

League Two award – Kemar Roofe (Oxford)

Apr 18

Bairstow 246 for Yorkshire against Hampshire

Laureus World Sport Awards (Berlin) –

World Sportsman of the Year – Novak Djokovic

World Sportswoman of the Year – Serena Williams

World Team of the Year – New Zealand rugby union

World Breakthrough of the Year – Jordan Speith

World Comeback of the Year – Dan Carter

World Sportsperson of the Year with a Disability – Daniel Dias (Brazilian swimmer)

World Action Sportsperson of the Year – Jan Frodeno (German triathlete)

Lifetime Achievement Award – Niki Lauda

Spirit of Sport Award – Johan Cruyff

Apr 19

England Hockey League Championship Men’s Premier Division – Wimbledon

England Hockey League Championship Women’s Premier Division – Surbiton

Apr 20

The Masters trophy will be renamed the Paul Hunter Trophy from 2017

Former WWE wrestler Chyna dies

Apr 21

Ladies World Snooker Championship final – Reanne Evans bt Ng On Yee

Apr 23

Champion jockey – Richard Johnson

Champion trainer – Paul Nicholls

FA Cup semi-final – Man Utd 2 Everton 1. Winning goal scored by Martial

European Champions Cup semi-final – Saracens bt Wasps

Apr 24

London Marathon –

Men’s – Eliud Kipchoge (Kenya)

Women’s – Jemima Sumgong (Kenya)

Men’s wheelchair – Marcel Hug (Switzerland)

Women’s wheelchair – Tatyana McFadden (USA)

FA Cup semi-final – Crystal Palace 2 Watford 1. Winning goal scored by Wickham

European Champions Cup semi-final – Racing 92 bt Leicester

PFA Player of the Year – Riyad Mahrez

PFA Young Player of the Year – Dele Alli

Women’s Player of the Year – Izzy Christiansen (Man City)

Apr 25

Second round – Hawkins bt O’Sullivan

Apr 27

Shane Sutton resigns as technical director of British Cycling

FA Youth Cup final – Chelsea bt Man City

CONCACAF Champions League final – America (Mexico) bt Tigres UANL (Mexico)

Toronto Wolfpack will join English rugby league's third tier from next season

Apr 28

Jared Goff is first pick in NFL draft for Los Angeles Rams

Apr 29

Simon Yates fails a drugs test, with his team (Orica-GreenEdge) blaming an "administrative error" over the use of an asthma inhaler

Apr 30

2015 Women’s World Squash Championships final (Kuala Lumpur) – Nour El Sherbini (Egypt) bt Massaro

Semi finals – Ding hits a record seven centuries against McManus, Selby bt Fu

2000 Guineas – Galileo Gold (Frankie Dettori), trained by Hugo Palmer

May 1

1000 Guineas – Minding (Ryan Moore), trained by Aidan O’Brien

Russian GP – Rosberg, Hamilton, Raikkonen

Saracens finish top of Premiership. London Irish are relegated

Mane hat-trick for Southampton against Man City

Hyundai A-League Grand Final – Adelaide United bt Western Sydney Wanderers

May 2

Leicester City win Premier League after Spurs draw at Chelsea

Final – Selby bt Ding 18-14

Highest break – Kyren Wilson (143)

PFA Scotland Premiership player of the year – Leigh Griffiths (Celtic)

Roger Millward dies

May 3

Champions League semi-final – Atletico Madrid bt Bayern Munich

Kosovo becomes the 55th member of UEFA

May 4

Champions League semi-final – Real Madrid bt Man City

May 5

Europa League semi-final – Liverpool bt Villareal

NBA Coach of the Year – Steve Kerr (Golden State Warriors)

May 6

Giro d’Italia starts in Apeldoorn (Netherlands)

May 7

Netball Superleague Grand Final – Surrey Storm bt Manchester Thunder

Kentucky Derby – Nyquist

Worries about the Zika virus lead to the relocation of two Major League Baseball games from Puerto Rico to Miami

May 8

Badminton Horse Trials – Michael Jung, becoming the second rider, after Pippa Funnell, to win the Rolex Grand Slam

BBL play-offs final – Sheffield Sharks bt Leicester Riders

Max Verstappen and Daniel Kvyat swap F1 teams

May 9

GB top the medal table at European Rowing Championships in Germany

Andy Murray splits from coach Amelie Mauresmo

Shannon Foudy named as one millionth finisher in history of London Marathon

May 10

West Ham play final match at Boleyn Ground, against Man Utd

May 11

Charlotte Edwards retires

Football Writers' Association player of the year – Jamie Vardy

Rugby Players' Association awards –

Player’s player of the year – George Smith (Wasps)

England player of the year – Billy Vunipola

Young player of the year – Maro Itoje

England women player of the year – Sarah Hunter

Leading points scorer – Gareth Steenson (Exeter) 234 points

Leading try scorer – Thomas Waldrom (Exeter) 13 tries

May 13

Senegal's Fatma Samba Diouf Samoura is appointed as Fifa's first female secretary general, succeeding Jerome Valcke

European Challenge Cup final (Lyon) – Montpelier bt Harlequins

Kosovo and Gibraltar are elected as new members of FIFA

May 14

Women’s FA Cup final – Arsenal bt Chelsea

European Rugby Champions Cup final (Lyon) – Saracens bt Racing 92. Owen Farrell kicked all 21 points for Saracens

2017 European Rugby Champions Cup final will be held at Murrayfield

EPCR European Player of the Year – Maro Itoje (Saracens)

Quique Sanchez Flores sacked as manager of Watford

Christy O’Connor Snr dies

May 15

Spanish GP – Verstappen, Raikkonen, Vettel

Verstappen is youngest-ever GP winner, aged 18, and the first Dutchman to win an F1 race, in his first race for Red Bull

Hamilton and Rosberg collided on first lap

Man Utd vs Bournemouth postponed due to fake bomb left by security company SSMS after a training exercise

Giroud hat-trick for Arsenal against Aston Villa

Leinster finish top of PRO12

Players Championship – Jason Day

European Aquatics Championship start in London

Conference play-off – Grimsby bt Forest Green Rovers

Conference champions – Cheltenham Town

Scottish Premiership final table – 1st Celtic, 2nd Aberdeen

Leading scorer – Leigh Griffiths (Celtic), 31 goals

Relegated – Dundee Utd

Scottish Premiership play-off final – Kilmarnock bt Falkirk

Scottish Championship – Rangers

Scottish League One – Dunfermline

Scottish League Two – East Fife

Highland League – Cove Rangers

Lowland League – Edinburgh City

Scottish League Two play-off final – Edinburgh City bt East Stirling to become the first team to be promoted to Scottish League two through the pyramid system

May 17

Final goal in Premier League – Chris Smalling (o.g.) for Bournemouth against Man Utd

Final table – Leicester City (81 points), Arsenal (71 points), Spurs, Man City

Relegated – Newcastle, Norwich, Aston Villa

Leading scorers – Harry Kane (25), Jamie Vardy (24), Sergio Aguero (24)

May18

Europa League final (Basle) – Sevilla 3 Liverpool 1 (Sturridge). Third win in a row for Sevilla

2017 Europa League final will be held in Stockholm

British Open squash. Men’s – Mohamed El Shorbagy (Egypt), Women’s – Nour El Sherbini (Egypt)

Premiership Rugby Player of the Year – Alex Goode (Saracens)

Under-23 Player of the Season – Maro Itoje (Saracens)

Director of Rugby of the Season – Mark McCall (Saracens)

Barclays Manager of the Season – Claudio Ranieri

Barclays Player of the Season – Jamie Vardy

May 19

Premier League darts final – Van Gerwen bt Taylor

Muirfield votes not to let women become members, so will not be allowed to stage another Open Championship

May 21

FA Cup final – Man Utd 2 (Mata, Lingard) Crystal Palace 1 (Puncheon)

Chris Smalling sent off

Scottish Cup final – Hibernian 3 Rangers 2. First win since 1902. First final between two teams from outside the top division

First Test (Headingly) – England 298 (Bairstow 140) Sri Lanka 91 (Anderson 5-16) and 119 (Anderson 5-29). England won by an innings and 88 runs

Bairstow took nine catches in the match

Premiership semi-finals – Saracens bt Leicester, Exeter bt Wasps

Magic Weekend at St James’ Park

Preakness Stakes – Exaggerator

May 22

FA Trophy final – Halifax bt Grimsby

FA Vase final – Morpeth Town bt Hereford

Irish Open – McIlroy

London Sevens – Scotland. First ever World Rugby Sevens series title

IRB Sevens World Series – Fiji

Men’s Ice Hockey World Championship final (Russia) – Canada bt Finland

England bt Turkey at Etihad Stadium

May 23

Woakes 9-36 for Warwicks against Durham

May 24

BBC Women’s Footballer of the Year – Kim Little (Seattle Reign and Scotland)

May 25

Championship play-off final – Bristol Rugby bt Doncaster Knights

League Managers' Association manager of the year – Claudio Ranieri

May 26

FA Cup quarter-final replays to be scrapped

Women’s Champions League final – Olympique Lyonnais bt Wolfsburg

May 27

Jose Mourinho replaces Louis van Gaal as manager of Man Utd

Nigel Pearson appointed as manager of Derby County

Brian McDermott sacked as manager of Reading

England bt Australia at Stadium of Light. Rashford scores on England debut

Nadal pulls out of French Open with injury after recording his 200th grand slam victory

May 28

Premiership final – Saracens bt Exeter

PRO12 final – Connacht bt Leinster

Principality Premiership – Ebbw Vale

Scottish Premiership – Heriot’s

Ulster Bank All-Ireland League – Clontarf

Championship play-off – Hull 1 (Diame) Sheffield Wednesday 0

Promoted – Burnley, Middlesbrough, Hull

Relegated – Charlton, MK Dons, Bolton

Leading Scorer – Andre Gray (Burnley), 25 goals

European Gymnastics Championships (Bern) men’s team final – Russia. 2nd GB

Ricky Burns becomes the first Scot to win a world title at a third weight and the first Briton since Duke McKenzie in 1992

Herath takes 300th Test wicket

Maiden pole for Ricciardo in Monaco GP

Champions League final (San Siro Stadium, Rome) Real Madrid 1Atletico Madrid 1. Real Madrid win on penalties. Referee – Mark Clattenburg

Zidane becomes seventh person to win Champions League as a player and a manager

2017 Champions League final will be held in Cardiff

County Championship final (Bill Beaumont Cup) – Cornwall bt Cheshire

May 29

League One play-off – Barnsley bt Millwall

Promoted – Wigan, Burton, Barnsley

Relegated – Doncaster, Blackpool, Colchester, Crewe

Leading Scorer – Will Grigg (Wigan), 25 goals

Monaco GP – Hamilton, Ricciardo, Perez

BMW PGA Championship – Chris Wood

Giro d’Italia – Nibali

Nile Wilson becomes the first Briton ever to win gold on the high bar at the European Gymnastics Championships. Kristian Thomas wins silver

IPL 9 final – Sunrisers Hyderabad bt Royal Challengers Bangalore

Player of the series – Kohli

Leading run scorer – Kohli (973)

Leading wicket taker – Kumar (23)

David Weir becomes the first wheelchair racer in the world to complete a mile in less than three minutes

Toulon under-20 football Tournament final – England bt France

Liverpool's Tony Bellew wins the vacant WBC cruiserweight title with a knockout of Ilunga Makabu at Goodison Park

Rookie driver Alexander Rossi wins the 100th running of the Indy 500

May 30

League Two play-off – Wimbledon bt Plymouth

Promoted – Northampton, Oxford United, Bristol Rovers, Wimbledon

Relegated – Dagenham & Redbridge, York City

Leading scorer – Matty Taylor (Bristol Rovers), 27 goals

May 31

Anderson replaces Broad as No 1 Test bowler

Serie A – Juventus

La Liga – Barcelona

Bundesliga – Bayern Munich

Liga Sagres – Benfica

Ligue 1 (Le Championnat) – Paris St Germain

Eredivisie – PSV Eindhoven

Jun 1

Professional boxers to be allowed at the Olympics

Britannia Stadium at Stoke is renamed the bet365 Stadium

Jun 2

Roberto Di Matteo appointed as manager of Aston Villa

England 1 (Smalling) Portugal 0

Jun 3

Oaks – Minding (Ryan Moore), trained by Aidan O’Brien

Alistair Cook becomes the youngest player to score 10,000 Test runs

Second Test (Chester-le-Street) England 498-9 (Moeen 155) and 80-1 Sri Lanka 101 and 475 (Chandimal 126, Anderson 5-58). England won by nine wickets

French Open semi-finals – Djokovic bt Dominic Thiem (Austria), Murray bt Wawrinka

Women’s semi-finals – Williams bt Kiki Bertens (Netherlands), Muguruza bt Stosur

Mixed doubles final – Paes and Hingis bt Dodig and Mirza

Jun 4

Derby – Harzand (Pat Smullen), trained by Dermot Weld. 2nd US Army Ranger, 3rd Idaho

Sean Levey becomes first black jockey to ride in the Derby, riding Humphrey Bogart

Women’s final – Muguruza bt Williams

Men’s doubles final – Lopez and Lopez bt Bryan and Bryan

Muhammad Ali dies, aged 74

Greyhound Derby – Jaytee

Women’s World Duathlon Championships – Emma Pallant

Jun 5

Final – Djokovic bt Murray

Women’s doubles final – Garcia and Mladenovic bt Makarova and Vesnina

PDC World Cup of Darts final (Frankfurt) England (Taylor and Lewis) bt Netherlands (Van Gerwen and Van Barneveld)

Jun 6

One-Day Cup – Notts 445-8 (Lumb 184, Wessels 146) Northants 425

Notts openers Riki Wessels and Michael Lumb put on 342 – the highest-ever stand in one-day cricket in England

ConIFA World Cup won by the host nation, Abkhazia

Jun 7

Former Chelsea doctor Eva Carneiro settles her dismissal claim against the club on confidential terms

Southampton manager Ronald Koeman moves to Everton

Jun 8

Sharapova banned for two years for using meldonium

Ivory Coast defender Eric Bailly moves from Villareal to Man Utd

Scottish Challenge Cup is expanded to include teams from Wales and Northern Ireland

Heather Knight appointed as captain as England women’s cricket team

Jun 10

France bt Romania in opening match of Euro 2016

Gordie Howe dies

Jun 11

First Test (Brisbane) – Australia 28 England 39

Ireland win first ever Test match in South Africa

Alun Wyn Jones wins 100th cap for Wales

England 1 (Dier) Russia 1. Match played in Marseille

Wales 2 Slovakia 1

Granit Xhaka of Switzerland plays against his brother Taulant Xhaka of Albania

Belmont Stakes – Creator

Queen’s Birthday Honours –

CBE – Alistair Cook, Alan Shearer

OBE – Leon Smith, Jamie Murray, Hayley Turner, Claire Williams

MBE – Stuart Broad, Nigel Owens

Jun 12

Curtis Cup (County Wicklow) GB & Ireland bt USA

Andy Murray reunites with coach Ivan Lendl

Chris Froome wins Criterium du Dauphine for the third time

Canadian GP – Hamilton, Vettel, Bottas

Stanley Cup – Pittsburgh Penguins bt San Jose Sharks 4-2

Play-offs MVP – Sidney Crosby

Regular season MVP – Patrick Kane (Chicago Blackhawks)

Michael Dunlop becomes the first rider in the history of the Isle of Man TT to achieve a lap of the course in under 17 minutes

Le Mans won by a Porsche for the seventh year in succession. Chris Hoy finishes 18th in the Algarve Pro Racing car

KPMG Women's PGA Championship – Brooke Henderson (Canada)

Jun 13

Third Test (Lords) England 416 (Bairstow 167) and 233-7 Sri Lanka 288 and 78-1

England win series 2-0

Brazil knocked out of Copa America at group stage by Peru and Ecuador

British Speedway Championship – Danny King

Jaap Stam appointed as manager of Reading

Jun 14

St James’s Palace Stakes – Galileo Gold

Russia given suspended qualification from Euro 2016 following crowd trouble during match against England

Jun 15

Prince of Wales’s Stakes – My Dream Boat

Jun 16

Gold Cup – Order of St George (Ryan Moore), trained by Aidan O’Brien

England 2 (Vardy, Sturridge) Wales 1 (Bale). Match played in Lens

First time that England have won a game coming from behind in a major tournament

Northern Ireland 2 Ukraine 0

Aegon Championships – Murray bt Bedene. First time that Murray has played another British player since Henman in 2006

Jun 17

Coronation Stakes – Qemah

Leading jockey at Ascot – Ryan Moore

Leading trainer at Ascot – Aidan O’Brien

Aegon Championships – Murray bt Edmund

Jun 18

Hardwicke Stakes – Dartmouth. Owned by the Queen

Diamond Jubilee Stakes – Twilight Son

Second Test (Melbourne) – Australia 7 England 23

First time that England have won a rugby union Test series in Australia

Jun 19

Aegon Championships final (Queens) – Murray bt Raonic. Fifth win for Murray

Aegon Classic final (Birmingham) – Keys bt Strycova

European GP (Baku City Circuit, Azerbaijan) – Rosberg, Vettel, Perez

Albania 1 Romania 0. First win in a major tournament

Women’s Tour – Armitstead

US Open (Oakmont, Pennsylvania) – Dustin Johnson. 2nd Lowry, Furyk, Piercy

Johnson was penalized a shot for making his ball move

NBA finals – Cleveland Cavaliers 4 Golden State Warriors 3

Finals MVP – LeBron James

Steph Curry becomes the first unanimous regular season NBA Most Valuable Player winner

Jun 20

England 0 Slovakia 0. Match played in Saint-Etienne

Wales 3 Russia 0

Bale scored in all three group matches

Ched Evans signs for Chesterfield

Jun 21

Croatia 2 Spain 1. First defeat for Spain in Euros since 2004

Plunkett hits six off last ball to tie first ODI against Sri Lanka

Jun 22

Ireland 1 (Brady) Italy 0

NHL approves an expansion team in Las Vegas which is set to begin play in the 2017–18 season. Quebec City's bid is deferred

Swedish footballer Adam Lindin Ljungkvist is sent off for breaking wind

Jun 23

Final group tables –

Group A – France, Switzerland, Albania, Romania

Group B – Wales, England, Slovakia, Russia

Group C – Germany, Poland, Northern Ireland, Ukraine

Group D – Croatia, Spain, Turkey, Czech Republic

Group E – Italy, Belgium, Ireland, Sweden

Group F – Hungary, Iceland, Portugal, Austria

No teams won all three matches

Ukraine were the only team to lose all three matches and not score a goal

Philadelphia 76ers choose Australian Ben Simmons as first pick in NBA draft

Jun 24

Second ODI – Sri Lanka 254-7 England 255-0 (Roy 112, Hales 133)

Worcs bowled out for 53 by Lancs in T20 Blast

Top 14 final – Racing 92 bt Toulon. The final was moved to Barcelona as the final clashed with UEFA Euro 2016

Jun 25

Wales 1 (McAuley o.g.) Northern Ireland 0

Irish Derby – Harzand

Third Test (Sydney) – Australia 40 England 44

Eastbourne International final – Cibulkova bt Pliskova

Aegon Open final (Nottingham) – Steve Johnson bt Pablo Cuevas

Jun 26

Copa America final (MetLife Stadium, New Jersey) – Chile bt Argentina

Messi retires from international football

France 2 Republic of Ireland 1

British Cycling National Championships. Men’s – Adam Blythe, Women’s – Hannah Barnes

British Jumping Derby (Hickstead) – William Whitaker, riding Glenavadra Brilliant

Jun 27

Italy 2 Spain 0

England 1 (Rooney) Iceland 2 (Siguosson, Sigborsson). Match played in Nice

Roy Hodgson resigns as England manager

Wimbledon men’s singles first round – Marcus Willis, ranked 772 in the world, beat Ricardo Berankis. Supporters of Willis take their shoes off and wave them in the air

Jun 29

Second round – Federer bt Willis

Roy 162 in fourth ODI against Sri Lanka

Sadio Mane moves from Southampton to Liverpool

Jun 30

Nice manager Claude Puel moves to Southampton

Jul 1

Quarter-final – Wales 3 (Williams, Robson-Kanu, Vokes) Belgium 1

Lukaku brothers (Jordan and Romelu) played for Belgium

Royal Troon votes to admit women members

Zlatan Ibrahimovic moves from Paris St Germain to Man Utd

Walter Mazzarri appointed as manager of Watford

Andros Townsend moves from Newcastle to Crystal Palace

Jul 2

Third round – Querry bt Djokovic

Cavendish wins opening stage of Tour de France and will wear yellow jersey for the first time in his career

Germany bt Italy on penalties. Germany miss three penalties in shootout

Henrikh Mkhitaryan moves from Borussia Dortmund to Man Utd. First Armenian to play in Premier League

Jul 3

Austrian GP – Hamilton, Verstappen, Riakkonen, 10th Wehrlein (Manor)

Rosberg given two penalty points after colliding with Hamilton on final lap

Play on Middle Sunday at Wimbledon for the first time since 2004

Formula E series finishes at Battersea Park. Title won by Sebastien Buemi

WGC-Bridgestone Invitational – Dustin Johnson

Jul 5

Liam Dawson and Tymal Mills make England debuts in T20 against Sri Lanka. England win ‘Super Series’ 20-4

Jul 6

European Athletics Championships start in Amsterdam

Semi-final – Portugal 2 (Ronaldo, Nani) Wales 0

Jul 7

Semi-finals – Serena Williams bt Vesnina, Kerber bt Venus Williams

Long jump – Rutherford

Women’s 200m – Asher-Smith

Cavendish wins his 29th stage of the Tour de France, and is now second behind Eddy Merckx who won 34 stages

Semi-final – France 2 (Griezmann 2) Germany 0

Luol Deng joins LA Lakers

Jul 8

Semi-finals – Murray bt Berdych, Raonic bt Federer

Steve Cummings wins stage 7 of Tour de France

400m – Rooney

British Speedway GP (Millennium Stadium) – Antonio Lindback (Sweden)

Jul 9

Final – Williams bt Kerber. 22nd grand slam win, equaling the record of Steffi Graf

Men’s doubles final – Herbert and Mahut bt Benneteau and Roger-Vasselin

Women’s doubles final – Williams and Williams bt Babos and Shvedova

Men’s wheelchair doubles – Gordon Reid and Alfie Hewett

Chris Froome takes yellow jersey in Tour de France

Jul 10

Final – Murray bt Raonic

First time since 2002 that the men's final (Hewitt bt Nalbandian) didn't feature Novak Djokovic, Roger Federer, or Rafael Nadal

Mixed doubles final – Kontinen and Watson bt Farah and Groenefeld

The last time two Britons won two of the five traditional titles at Wimbledon was in 1937

Men’s wheelchair – Gordon Reid

Women’s wheelchair doubles – Jordanne Whiley and Yui Kamiji

British GP – Hamilton, Rosberg, Verstappen

Rosberg drops to third place after being given a 10 second penalty for an illegal radio message. Hamilton’s third win in a row at Silverstone

GB win gold in men’s 4x100m and women’s 4x400m relays, and finish the European Athletics Championships with 16 medals

Final – Portugal 1 (Eder) France 0

Match played in Stade de France, Saint-Denis. Referee – Mark Clattenburg

Brittany Lang wins US Open after Anna Nordqvist is given a two-stroke penalty for touching sand in a bunker with her club

Scottish Open – Alex Noren

Jul 11

Tim Duncan, who played his entire career with San Antonio Spurs, retires

Jul 12

Champions League second round qualifier – Celtic lose 1-0 to Lincoln Red Imps from Gibraltar

Brendan Rodgers’ first match as manager of Celtic

Bastian Schweinsteiger marries Ana Ivanovic

Jul 13

Dallas Cowboys top Forbes list of the world’s most valuable sports teams

State of Origin – Queensland Maroons bt New South Wales Blues

Jul 14

Mont Ventoux summit finish in Tour de France cancelled due to high winds in Provence. Froome runs part of the course after a crash caused by Richie Porte running into the back of a motorbike

The Open first round – hole-in-one for Oosthuizen. Mickelson shoots 63

Jake Ball makes England debut against Pakistan

Jul 17

The Open (Royal Troon) – Stenson -20, 2nd Mickelson -17

Stenson shoots 63 in the final round

Davis Cup – GB bt Serbia. Kyle Edmund won both his singles matches. Jamie Murray and Dom Inglot won the doubles match

First Test (Lords) – Pakistan 339 (Misbah 114, Woakes 6-70) and 215 (Woakes 5-32) England 272 (Yasir 6-72) and 207. Pakistan won by 75 runs. Pakistan celebrate by doing press-ups

Jul 22

Sam Allerdyce given a two-year contract as England manager

Steve Bruce resigns as manager of Hull City. Mike Phelan appointed as caretaker manager

Keni Harrison breaks women’s 100m hurdles world record at London Anniversary Games

Jul 23

David Moyes appointed as manager of Sunderland

King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes – Highland Reel

Jul 24

Hungarian GP – Hamilton, Rosberg, Ricciardo

La Course by Le Tour de France – Chloe Hosking (Australia)

Tour de France – Froome (Team Sky). 2nd Romain Bardet

Points – Peter Sagan

King of the Mountains – Rafal Majka

Young Rider – Adam Yates (Orica-BikeExchange)

Team – Movistar Team

IOC allows each sport to decide whether Russia will be allowed to compete in Olympics

Konta wins first ATP title, beating Venus Williams in final of Stanford Classic

Senior Open Championship – Paul Broadhurst

World Matchplay final (Blackpool) – Van Gerwen bt Taylor

Jul 25

Second Test (Old Trafford) England 589-8 (Cook 105, Root 254) and 173-1 Pakistan 198 and 234. England won by 330 runs

Joe Allen moves from Liverpool to Stoke City

Dandy Flame wins race at Wolverhampton at odds of 200-1

Russian doping whistleblower Yuliya Stepanova is banned from competing in Rio

Jul 26

Irish jockey JT McNamara dies three years after being paralyzed in Cheltenham Festival fall

Gonzalo Higuain moves from Napoli to Juventus for €90 million

Jul 27

Sussex Stakes – The Gurkha

Copa Libertadores – Atletico Nacional (Colombia)

Jul 28

Goodwood Cup – Big Orange

Jul 29

Stephan Jaeger shoots a 12-under-par 58 on the PGA Tour's secondary Web.com Tour to record the lowest score ever on either of the main US-based circuits

Russian weightlifters banned from Rio Olympics

Jul 30

Kia Super League starts. Teams – Lancashire Thunder, Loughborough Lightning, Southern Vipers, Surrey Stars, Western Storm, Yorkshire Diamonds

Carl Frampton becomes the first Northern Irish boxer to earn two-weight world champion status with his WBA featherweight title victory over Leo Santa Cruz

Australia face 154 balls without scoring against Sri Lanka

Speedway World Cup (National Speedway Stadium, Manchester) – Poland

Queen Elizabeth II Cup (Hickstead) –David Simpson (Ireland)

Jul 31

World Open final (China) – Carter bt Perry

German GP – Hamilton, Ricciardo, Verstappen

Women’s British Open – Ariya Jutanugarn (Thailand)

PGA (Baltusrol, New Jersey) – Jimmy Walker. 2nd Jason Day

All four golf majors this year were won by first-timers

King George V Gold Cup (Hickstead) – Billy Twomey (Ireland)

Aug 2

Lizzie Armitstead misses three drugs tests but escapes a ban

Aug 3

IOC approve the addition of baseball/softball, karate, sport climbing, surfing, and skateboarding to the 2020 Olympics

Women’s football starts at Olympics

Roberto Martinez appointed as manager of Belgium

Aug 5

Opening ceremony – Maracana Stadium. Directed by Fernando Meirelles

Games officially opened by Acting President of Brazil Michel Temer

Olympic cauldron lit by Vanderlei de Lima. Accompanied by a kinetic sculpture by Anthony Howe

Inaugural presentation of the Olympic Laurel made to Kip Keino

Flag bearers include – Andy Murray, Rafael Nadal, Michael Phelps, Wayde van Niekerk, Anna Meares, Paddy Barnes, Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce

More than 11,000 athletes from 207 National Olympic Committees, including first time entrants Kosovo, South Sudan, and the Refugee Olympic Team, are taking part. With 306 sets of medals, the games feature 28 Olympic sports, including rugby sevens and golf, which were added to the Olympic program in 2009

Independent Olympic Athletes is composed of Kuwaiti athletes who compete under the Olympic flag, as the Kuwait Olympic Committee had been suspended by the IOC due to governmental interference

Mascot – Vinicius, a mix of different Brazilian animals, named after the Brazilian musician Vinicius de Moraes

Aug 6

First gold medal – Virginia Thrasher (USA) in 10m air rifle

Road race – Greg Van Avermaet (Belgium). 11th Chris Froome

Super Rugby final – Hurricanes bt Lions

Aug 7

100m breaststroke – Adam Peaty, in a world record time of 57.1 seconds. First GB male swimming gold since Adrian Moorhouse in 1988

Women’s 400m freestyle – Katie Ledecky. Silver – Jazz Carlin

Women’s road race – Anna van der Breggen (Netherlands). 5th Lizzie Armitstead

Men’s singles first round – Del Potro bt Djokovic

Men’s doubles first round – Thomaz Bellucci and Andre Sa (Brazil) bt Andy Murray and Jamie Murray

Women’s 52kg judo – Majlinda Kelmendi. First ever medal for Kosovo

Third Test – England 297 (Sohail 5-96) and 445-6 Pakistan 400 (Azhar 139) and 201. England won by 141 runs

Jim Furyk shoots first 58 in PGA Tour history at Travelers Championship

CPLT20 final – Jamaica Tallawahs bt Guyana Amazon Warriors

Community Shield – Man Utd 2 (Lingard, Ibrahimovic) Leicester 1 (Vardy)

Premiership Rugby Sevens Series – Wasps

Aug 8

Trap shooting. Bronze – Ed Ling

Synchronised 10m platform. Bronze – Tom Daley and Dan Goodfellow

Light flyweight Paddy Barnes (Ireland) loses in first round

Women’s rugby sevens final – Australia bt New Zealand. Bronze medal match – Canada bt GB

Men’s team all-around – Japan. GB finishes fourth after Louis Smith falls off the pommel horse

Women’s 57kg judo – Rafaela Silva. First gold medal for Brazil

Aug 9

Women’s 200m individual medley. Silver – Siobhan-Marie O’Connor

Men’s 4x200m freestyle relay. Silver – GB (Scott, Guy, Milne, Wallace)

Women’s team gymnastics – USA

Women’s singles third round – Elina Svitolina (Ukraine) bt Serena Williams

Pogba moves from Juventus to Man Utd for £89 million

John Stones moves from Everton to Man City

Ashley Williams moves from Swansea to Everton

European Super Cup (Trondheim) – Real Madrid bt Sevilla

Aug 10

K1 canoe slalom – Joe Clarke

Synchronised 3m springboard – Jack Laugher and Chris Mears. GB’s first ever gold medal in diving

Time trial – Fabian Cancellara. Bronze – Froome

Double trap – Fehaid Al-Deehani. Bronze – Steven Scott. Al-Deehani, from Kuwait, becomes the first independent athlete to win a gold medal

Women’s 70kg judo. Bronze – Sally Conway

Individual-around – Kohei Uchimura. Bronze – Whitlock. GB’s first medal in the event for 108 years

Women’s time trial – Kristin Armstrong (USA). Third successive win for Armstrong

Bernard ‘Midget’ Farrelly dies. First world surfing champion

Esteban Ocon will drive for Manor Racing in the second half of the 2016 Formula One season, replacing Rio Haryanto

Aug 11

Team sprint – GB (Kenny, Hindes, Skinner)

200m individual medley – Michael Phelps, who becomes the first swimmer to win gold medals in the same event at four successive Olympic Games

Women’s double sculls. Silver – GB (Katherine Grainger and Victoria Thornley). Fifth Olympic medal for Grainger in her fifth Olympics

C2 canoe slalom. Silver – GB (Florence and Hounslow)

Rugby Sevens final – Fiji 43 GB 7. First ever medal for Fiji

Women’s all-around – Simone Biles

Justin Rose hits first-ever hole-in-one in Olympic golf

Women’s 100m freestyle – Simone Manuel (USA) and Peny Oleksiak (Canada) tie for gold medal. Manuel becomes the first African-American woman to win an individual Olympic gold in swimming

Women’s singles quarter-final – Kerber bt Konta

Aug 12

Women’s pair – GB (Helen Glover and Heather Stanning)

Coxless four – GB (Gregory, Louloudis, Nash, Sbihi). Fifth consecutive win for GB in this event

Lightweight double sculls. Silver – Ireland (Gary O’Donovan and Paul O’Donovan)

Team pursuit – GB (Wiggins, Clancy, Doull, Burke). Eighth Olympic medal for Wiggins

Women’s trampoline. Silver – Bryony Page

Women’s 800m – Katie Ledecky. Silver – Jazz Carlin

Team dressage. Silver – GB (Bigwood, Wilton, Dujardin, Hester)

Women’s football quarter-final – Sweden bt USA

Women’s 10000m – Almaz Ayana (Ethiopia) in 29’ 17”, breaking the world record by 14 seconds

100m butterfly – Joseph Schooling (Singapore). Silver – Michael Phelps. First ever gold medal for Singapore

Aug 13

Rowing men’s eight – GB. Andrew Triggs Hodge and Pete Reed win their third gold medals

Women’s team pursuit – GB (Trott, Rowsell Shand, Barker, Archibald)

10000m – Mo Farah

Rowing women’s eight. Silver – GB

Women’s kieren. Silver – Becky James

4x100m medley relay. Silver – GB (Guy, Peaty, Scott, Walker-Hebborn)

Women’s 100m – Elaine Thomson (Jamaica). Bronze – Fraser-Pryce

Heptathlon – Nafissatou Thiam (Belgium). Silver – Ennis-Hill

Long jump. Bronze – Rutherford

Michael Phelps won five gold medals and one silver medal, taking his tally to 23 gold medals and 28 medals in total

Darya Klishina, Russia's sole track and field competitor at the Rio Olympics, has her exemption to Russia's blanket ban revoked and finishes ninth in the long jump

First goal in Premier League scored by Diomande, for Hull City against Leicester

Premier League shirt sponsors. Burnley – Dafabet, Hull City – SportPesa, Middlesbrough – Ramsdems, Southampton – Virgin Media, Swansea City – BetEast, WBA – UK-K8.com

Hanif Mohammad dies

Aug 14

GB’s most successful day at an overseas Olympics, winning five gold medals

Floor – Max Whitlock. First GB gold in gymnastics

Pommel horse – Max Whitlock. Silver – Louis Smith

Golf – Justin Rose. Silver – Henrik Stenson

Sprint – Jason Kenny. Silver – Callum Skinner

Men’s singles final – Andy Murray bt Juan Martin del Potro

RS:X windsurfing. Silver – Nick Dempsey

100m – Bolt. Silver – Gatlin

400m – Wayde van Niekerk. Silver – Kirani James. Bronze – LaShawn Merritt. Van Niekerk set a new world record of 43.03 seconds, beating Michael Johnson’s previous record set at the 1999 World Championships by 0.15 seconds. No other athlete had won a major championship from lane 8

Women’s marathon – Jemima Sumgong (Kenya). Three sets of twins finished the marathon; two of the Luik triplets from Estonia, the Hahner twins from Germany and the Kim sisters from North Korea

Fourth Test – England 328 (Moeen 108, Sohail 5-68) and 253 (Yasir 5-71) Pakistan 542 (Younis 218, Shafiq 109) and 42-0. Pakistan won by 10 wickets. Series drawn 2-2

Arsenal 3 Liverpool 4

Arlington Million – Mondialiste

Aug 15

Individual dressage – Charlotte Dujardin, riding Valegro. Third gold medal

Omnium. Silver – Mark Cavendish

Women’s hammer. Bronze – Sophie Hitchon

Pole vault – Thiago Braz da Silva (Brazil). Silver – Renaud Lavillenie, who was booed throughout the competition

800m – David Rudisha

Women’s 400m – Shaunee Miller (Bahamas). Silver – Allyson Felix. Miller dived across the line

Dalian Atkinson dies after being tasered by police

Aug 16

Finn – Giles Scott. Fifth consecutive win for GB in this event

Women’s omnium – Laura Trott. Fourth gold medal

Kieren – Jason Kenny. Sixth gold medal, drawing him level with Chris Hoy as GB’s greatest Olympian

3m springboard. Silver – Jack Laugher

Women’s sprint – Kristina Vogel. Silver – Becky James. Bronze – Katy Marchant

All 11 of GB’s track cycling team won a medal

High bar. Bronze – Nile Wilson

Women’s floor. Bronze – Amy Tinkler, aged 16

Light heavyweight boxing. Bronze – Joshua Buatsi

Laser Radial. Silver – Annalise Murphy (Ireland)

Jose Havelange dies

Aguero hat-trick for Man City against Steaua Bucharest

Aug 17

Michael Conlan (Ireland) loses controversial boxing bout

Sisters Cindy Ofili and Tiffany Porter run in 100m hurdles final

Women’s 200m – Elaine Thompson. Silver – Daphne Schippers. Thompson is the first woman to win sprint double since Flo-Jo in 1988

Women’s 100m hurdles – Brianna Rollins. USA wins all three medals

Women’s hockey semi-final – GB bt New Zealand

Gregor Townsend to replace Vern Cotter as Scotland head coach in 2017

Spanish Super Cup – Barcelona bt Sevilla

Aug 18

Triathlon – Alistair Brownlee. Silver – Jonny Brownlee. First brothers to win gold and silver in the same event since the D’Inzeo brothers in equestrian in 1960

470 – GB (Hannah Mills and Saskia Clark)

Women’s taekwondo -57kg – Jade Jones

Canoe K2 200m sprint. Silver – GB (Liam Heath and Jon Schofield)

Badminton men’s doubles. Bronze – GB (Marcus Ellis and Chris Langridge)

200m – Bolt

Decathlon – Ashton Eaton

Aug 19

Show jumping – Nick Skelton, riding Big Star. Aged 58, riding in his seventh games

Women’s hockey final – GB bt Netherlands. Maddie Hinch unbeaten in penalty shootout

Kate and Helen Richardson-Walsh become the first same-sex married couple to win Olympic medals

Taekwondo -80kg. Silver – Lutalo Muhammed, who lost in the final to Cheick Sallah Cisse (Cote d’Ivoire) in the last second

Women’s 4x100m relay. Bronze – GB (Philip, Henry, Asher-Smith, Neita)

4x100m relay – Jamaica. Bolt completes ‘triple triple’

First medal for Tajikistan in men’s hammer

Aug 20

5000m – Mo Farah

Canoe K1 200m sprint – Liam Heath

Women’s flyweight boxing – Nicola Adams

Women’s triathlon – Gwen Jorgensen. Bronze – Vicky Holland

Women’s taekwondo -67kg. Bronze – Bianca Walkden

Women’s 4x400m relay. Bronze – GB (Ohuruogu, Diamond, Doyle, Onuora)

Ohuruogu becomes first British woman to win athletics medals in three Olympics

Men’s football final – Brazil bt Germany. Neymar scores winning penalty in shootout

Benteke moves from Liverpool to Crystal Palace

T20 Blast Finals Day (Edgbaston). Semi-finals – Northants bt Notts, Durham bt Yorkshire. Final – Northants bt Durham

World’s strongest man – Brian Shaw

Aug 21

Super heavyweight boxing. Silver – Joe Joyce

Marathon – Eliud Kipchoge (Kenya). Silver – Feyisa Lilesa (Ethiopia). As he neared the line, Lisela crossed his arms above his head – a political gesture in solidarity with Oromo protests in Ethiopia. 9th Callum Hawkins. His brother, Derek Hawkins, also competed in the race

Mongolian wrestling coaches strip in anger at a judges’ decision

Final medal table – 1st USA (46-37-38) 121 2nd GB (27-23-17) 67 3rd China (26-18-26) 70 4th Russia (19-18-19) 56

This year's Olympics saw the first gold medal winners for Fiji, Kosovo, Puerto Rico, Singapore, Tajikistan, Vietnam and Independent Olympic Athletes (from Kuwait) and three other countries won medals for the first time

Saudi Arabia were only G20 country not to win a medal

USA won its 1,000th Olympic gold medal

Closing ceremony – Shinzo Abe appears dressed as Super Mario

British flag bearer – Kate Richardson-Walsh

USA flag bearer – Simone Biles

Michail Antonio scores first Premier League at the London Stadium, for West Ham against Bournemouth

Kia Super League final – Southern Vipers bt Western Storm

Czech MotoGP – Cal Crutchlow. First British winner of a Grand Prix race since Barry Sheene

Aug 22

Nikki Hamblin and Abbey D'Agostino are awarded the International Fair Play Committee Award after colliding with each other on the track during the 5000m event at the Olympics and assisting each other to continue the race

Aug 23

Dundalk beaten by Legia Warsaw in final qualifying round of Champions League

Aug 24

EFL Cup second round – Accrington Stanley bt Burnley

Aug 26

Minor Counties final – Cornwall bt Northumberland

Aug 27

Twenty20 international (Lauderhill, Florida) West Indies 245-6 India 244-4. A record 489 runs and 32 sixes are scored

Challenge Cup final – Hull FC bt Warrington Wolves. Lance Todd Trophy – Marc Sneyd

Uefa Best Player in Europe Award – Ronaldo

Aug 28

Belgian GP – Rosberg, Ricciardo, Hamilton

Hamilton started from the back of the grid after being hit with a grid penalty totaling 55 places

Paul Hunter Classic final – Selby bt Tom Ford

Aug 30

Lee Westwood, Martin Kaymer and Thomas Pieters are picked as Europe's wildcards by Ryder Cup captain Darren Clarke

ODI (Trent Bridge) England 444-3 (Hales 171, Wahab Riaz 0-110) Pakistan 275

Highest-ever score in an ODI

Hales breaks Robin Smith’s record ODI score for England

Aug 31

Transfer deadline day –

David Luiz moves from Paris St Germain to Chelsea

Marcos Alonso moves from Fiorentina to Chelsea

Moussa Sissoko moves from Newcastle to Spurs

Islam Slimani moves from Sporting Lisbon to Leicester

Joe Hart moves to Torino on loan

$150 million roof over Arthur Ashe Stadium closes for the first time during match between Rafael Nadal and Andreas Seppi at US Open

Sep 3

US Open third round – Wawrinka bt Evans

Rachel Atherton wins UCI Mountain Bike World Cup (Downhill) for the fifth time

Sep 4

Italian GP – Rosberg, Hamilton, Vettel

Pakistan win fifth ODI at Cardiff to avoid whitewash

Slovakia 0 England 1 (Llanana). Only match as manager for Sam Allerdyce

European Masters – Alex Noren

Fourth round – Djokovic bt Edmund, Pouille bt Nadal, Sevastova bt Konta

The last time Britain had three players in the fourth round of a Grand Slam was when John Lloyd, Anne Hobbs and Jo Durie got to that stage at the 1985 Australian Open

Robert Snodgrass hat-trick for Scotland against Malta

Burghley Horse Trials – Christopher Burton (Australia) riding Nobolis 18

All-Ireland Hurling Final – Tipperary bt Kilkenny

Sep 5

Kosovo play first-ever world cup match, in Finland

Sep 6

Jake Ball hat-trick in first over for Notts against Middlesex

Australia hit new record score of 263-3 (Maxwell 150) against Sri Lanka in Twenty20 international

Sep 7

T20 international (Old Trafford) – Pakistan bt England

Quarter-final – Nishikori bt Murray

Ken Higgs dies

Sep 8

Semi-finals – Pliskova bt Serena Williams, Kerber bt Wozniaki

Sylvia Gore, the scorer of the first official goal for the England women’s football team, dies

Sep 9

Sarah Storey becomes Great Britain's most successful female Paralympian by winning her 12th gold medal

Diamond League final in Brussels. Overall winners –

Men’s 100m – Asafa Powell

Men’s 200m – Alonso Edward

Men’s 400m – LaShawn Merritt

Women’s 100m – Elaine Thompson

Women’s 200m – Dafne Schippers

Women’s 400m – Stephanie Ann McPherson

Women’s 1500m – Laura Muir

Women’s discus – Sandra Perkovic. Won at every meeting

Mixed doubles final – Pavic and Siegemund bt Ram and Vandeweghe

Semi-finals – Djokovic bt Monfils, Wawrinka bt Nishikori

Jockey Kieren Fox escapes unhurt when he fell from his horse in a bizarre incident involving a golf ball during a race at Sandown

Sep 10

Men’s PT2 paratriathlon – Andy Lewis

Kadeena Cox wins gold medals in athletics and cycling

St Leger – Harbour Law (George Baker), trained by Laura Mongan. First-ever woman to train a St Leger winner

Men’s doubles final – Jamie Murray and Soares bt Carreno Busta and Garcia-Lopez

Women’s final – Kerber bt Pliskova

Kerber becomes new women’s No 1

Women’s doubles final – Mattek-Sands and Safarova bt Garcia and Mladenovic

Final – Wawrinka bt Djokovic

Gennady Golovkin beats Kell Brook in middleweight fight at O2 Arena

Vuelta e Espana – Quintana. 2nd Froome

Tour of Britain – Steve Cummings

Great North Run. Men’s – Farah. Women’s – Vivian Cheruiyot

Sep 12

Lukaku hat-trick for Everton against Sunderland

Morgan and Hales pull out of tour of Bangladesh

Sep 13

Barcelona 7 Celtic 0

QPR 0 Newcastle 6

Lamar Hunt U.S. Open Cup final – FC Dallas bt New England Revolution

Sep 14

Leicester win first match in Champions League, against Club Brugge. Matt Albrighton scores first goal

Aguero hat-trick for Man City against Borussia Munchengladbach

Spurs lose to Monaco at Wembley before a record crowd of 85,011

Aleksander Ceferin, a Slovenian lawyer and head of the country's football association, is elected president of Uefa to succeed Michel Platini

Sep 16

GB men’s 4x400m squad is upgraded to bronze in 2008 Olympics after Russian is disqualified. Goldie Sayers is upgraded to bronze in the javelin

Davis Cup (Glasgow) – Del Potro bt Murray, Pella bt Edmund

Sep 17

Iranian Para-cyclist Bahman Golbarnezhad dies after a crash during the men's C4-5 road race

Royal London One-Day Cup final – Warwicks bt Surrey

New Zealand win the Rugby Championship with two matches to spare after beating South Africa

Gareth Barry plays 600th Premier League match

Davis Cup – Murray and Murray bt Del Potro and Mayer

Lizzie Armitstead marries Philip Deignan

Sep 18

Paralympics final medal table – 1st China (107-81-51) 239 2nd GB (64-39-44) 147 3rd Ukraine

GB won most medals in swimming, with a total of 47

Sarah Storey’s total of fourteen gold medals puts her ahead of Tanni Grey-Thompson and Dave Roberts as the most successful British Paralympian of the modern era (but still behind Mike Kenny in the all-time list)

Singapore GP – Rosberg, Ricciardo, Hamilton

South Korea's In Gee Chun shoots the lowest ever 72-hole score at a major to win the Evian Championship, finishing 21 under par

Davis Cup – Murray bt Pella, Mayer bt Evans. Argentina won 3-2

IndyCar series – Simon Pagenaud (France)

Jonny Brownlee is helped over the finish line by brother Alistair in a dramatic end to the Triathlon World Series in Mexico. They were overtaken by South African Henri Schoeman, the eventual winner. Victory in Mexico would have given Jonny the world title, but second place left him just four points behind Mario Mola of Spain

Women’s triathlon title won by Flora Duffy of Bermuda

Alan Shearer statue unveiled at St James' Park

Sep 20

Chris Ashton banned for 13 weeks for biting Northampton prop Alex Waller

Sep 21

Rome withdraws bid for 2024 Olympics

Sep 23

Middlesex win Specsavers county championship for first time since 1993. Toby Roland-Jones takes hat-trick with the last three balls of the match against Yorkshire. Captain – James Franklin

Hampshire and Notts are relegated. Essex are promoted

Most runs – Keaton Jennings (Durham)

Most wickets – Jeetan Patel (Warwickshire)

League Leaders’ Shield – Warrington Wolves

Sep 24

Venezuelan Jorge Linares defeats reigning champion Anthony Crolla to claim the WBA lightweight title at Manchester Arena

Tony Pulis reaches 1,000 games as a manager

Cambridgeshire Handicap – Spark Plug

Sep 25

Arnold Palmer dies

The Tour Championship – McIlroy

McIlroy wins $10 million FedEx Cup

Ryan Moore is announced as the final captain's pick for USA Ryder Cup team

Champions League of Darts final (Cardiff) – Taylor bt Van Gerwen

Women’s Super League – Man City

European Open – Alexander Levy (France)

Shanghai Masters final – Ding bt Selby

Berlin Marathon – Kenenisa Bekele

Sep 27

Sam Allerdyce sacked as England manager after 67 days following entrapment by Daily Telegraph. Gareth Southgate becomes caretaker manager

PCA Player of the Year and Young Player of the Year – Ben Duckett (Northants)

Sep 28

Celtic 3 Man City 3. Sterling scores for both teams

Sep 30

USA wins morning foursomes on first day of Ryder Cup 4-0

Oct 1

Gareth O'Brien kicks a drop-goal in golden-point extra time as Salford win the Million Pound Game 19-18 to relegate Hull KR from Super League

Scottish boxer Mike Towell dies in hospital after being seriously injured in a bout

All-Ireland Gaelic Football Final – Dublin bt Mayo

Hull FC skipper Gareth Ellis and vice-captain Danny Houghton share the Rugby League Writers and Broadcasters player of the year award

AFL Grand Final – Western Bulldogs bt Sydney Swans

Oct 2

Ryder Cup (Hazeltine National, Minnesota) – USA 17 Europe 11

Ryan Moore won the point for USA that secured the Ryder Cup

Leading points scorers – Reed 3 ½, Pieters 4

No points – Fitzpatrick, Sullivan, Westwood, Willett

USA team – Fowler, Holmes, Koepka, Kuchar, Dustin Johnson, Zach Johnson, Mickelson, Moore, Reed, Snedeker, Spieth, Walker

Europe team – Cabrera-Bello, Fitzpatrick, Garcia, Kaymer, McIlroy, Pieters, Rose, Stenson, Sullivan, Westwood, Willett, Wood

Ryder Cup 2018 will take place at Le Golf National in Paris

Malaysian GP – Ricciardo, Verstappen, Rosberg

Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe (Chantilly) – Found (Ryan Moore), trained by Aidan O’Brien

NRL Grand Final – Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks bt Melbourne Storm

British Touring Car Championship – Gordon Shedden

FA WSL Continental Cup final – Man City bt Birmingham City

Atlanta Braves play their final game at Turner Field. They now move to the new SunTrust Park for the 2017 season

Oct 3

Durham relegated from Division One for financial issues, with Hampshire being reinstated. Durham will start next season with a 48 point deduction

Bob Bradley replaces Francesco Guidolin as manager of Swansea City

Roberto di Matteo sacked as manager of Aston Villa

Rugby League Championship – Leigh Centurions

Oct 5

Neil Warnock replaces Paul Trollope as manager of Cardiff City

Speedway Elite League Grand Final – Wolverhampton Wolves bt Belle Vue Aces

Steve Prescott Man of Steel – Danny Houghton (Hull FC)

Oct 7

Ben Duckett scores 60 and Jake Ball takes 5-51 on England ODI debuts against Bangladesh

Oct 8

England beat Malta 2-0 in Gareth Southgate’s first match in charge

Johanna Konta becomes the first British woman to make the world’s top 10 since Jo Durie in 1984

Super League Grand Final – Wigan bt Warrington. Harry Sunderland Trophy – Liam Farrell. Winning try scored by Josh Charnley, who is moving to Sale Sharks

Australia bt Argentina in Rugby Championship match at Twickenham

Cesarewitch – Sweet Selection

Jan Frodeno (Germany) and Daniela Ryf (Switzerland) retain titles at Ironman World Championships in Hawaii

World Grand Prix final (Dublin) – Van Gerwen bt Anderson

Oct 9

Japanese GP – Rosberg, Verstappen, Hamilton

Mercedes win constructors championship

Rooney faces £3.5 million bill through tax avoidance via Invicta 43 film partnership

Sky rugby league commentator Mike Stephenson retires

Alfred Dunhill Links Championship – Tyrell Hatton

Oct 10

Dickie Jeeps dies

Christian Benteke scores the fastest World Cup qualifying goal after eight seconds for Belgium against Gibraltar

Oct 11

Road Cycling World Championships start in Qatar

Women’s time trial – Amber Neben (USA)

San Marino score their first away goal in a World Cup qualifier in 15 years – despite going on to lose 4-1 to Norway

PGA Tour Player of the Year – Dustin Johnson

Oct 12

Men’s time trial – Tony Martin

England win ODI series against Bangladesh 2-1

Steve Bruce appointed as manager of Aston Villa

Oct 13

Jessica Ennis-Hill retires

Tyson Fury suspended by British Boxing Board of Control

Mike Phelan appointed as manager of Hull City

Oct 15

Women’s road race – Amalie Dideriksen (Denmark). 4th Lizzie Deignan

Bournemouth 6 Hull City 1

Wasps 82 Zebre 14

Steve McClaren re-appointed as manager of Derby County

Champion Stakes – Almanzor

Betfair to sponsor Super League

Oct 16

Men’s road race – Peter Sagan. 2nd Cavendish

Munster Rugby head coach Anthony Foley dies

British Masters – Alex Noren

Queen Elizabeth II Stakes – Minding

British Superbike Championship – Shane Byrne

Oct 19

Ozil hat-trick for Arsenal against Ludogorets Razgrad

Messi hat-trick for Barcelona against Man City

Gary Sprake dies

Oct 20

Gareth Batty plays for England after 11 year absence

Azhar Ali 302 for Pakistan against West Indies

WNBA finals – Los Angeles Sparks bt Minnesota Lynx

Oct 21

India agree to trial DRS for Test series against England

European Track Cycling Championships start in Paris

Oct 22

Speedway Grand Prix – Greg Hancock

New Zealand become the first top-tier nation to win 18 consecutive Tests after beating Australia in the Bledisloe Cup

Chicago Cubs beat LA Dodgers in National League Championship Series to reach World Series for first time since 1945

A public poll on the internet in Russia selects the cartoon wolf Zabivaka as the official mascot of the 2018 FIFA World Cup

Oct 23

Cardinals tie with Seahawks 6-6

US Grand Prix – Hamilton, Rosberg, Ricciardo

Glasgow City win their tenth consecutive Scottish Women's Premier League title

League of Ireland – Dundalk

Oct 24

First Test (Chittagong) England 293 (Mehedi 6-80) and 240 (Shakib 5-85) Bangladesh 248 and 263. England won by 22 runs

European Golden Boy Award – Renato Sanches (Bayern Munich). 2nd Marcus Rashford

Oct 25

Carlos Alberto dies

Chris Ashton to move from Saracens to Toulon next season

Oct 26

Serie A match between Pescara and Atalanta suspended following an earthquake

Oct 28

Surrey spinner Zafar Ansari makes England debut against Bangladesh

World Billiards Championship. Short – David Causier. Timed – Mike Russell

Oct 30

Second Test (Dakar) Bangladesh 220 (Tamim 104, Moeen 5-57) and 296 England 244 (Mehedi 6-82) and 164 (Mehedi 6-77). Bangladesh won by 108 runs. Series drawn 1-1

Mexican GP – Rosberg, Hamilton, Vettel

European Championship darts final – Van Gerwen bt Mensur Suljovic (Austria)

Bengals 27 Redskins 27. First time an NFL game held in London has gone into overtime

WGC-HSBC Champions – Hideki Matsuyama (Japan). First Asian winner of a World Golf Championships event

WTA Championships final (Singapore) – Cibulkova bt Kerber

Superbike World Championship – Jonathan Rea

Oct 31

Freddy Tylicki is paralysed from the waist down after a fall in a four-horse pile-up at Kempton

Nov 1

Melbourne Cup – Almandin (Kerrin McEvoy)

Nov 2

World Series – Chicago Cubs bt Cleveland Indians 4-3. First win since 1908, ending the Curse of the Billy Goat. MVP – Ben Zobrist

Nov 3

Kraigg Brathwaite becomes the first opener to end not out in both innings of a Test as West Indies beat Pakistan

Paris Masters quarter-final – Cilic bt Djokovic

Nov 4

Fifa opens disciplinary proceedings over the Republic of Ireland’s use of a logo to commemorate the centenary of the Easter Rising

Lance Stoll is named as the replacement for the retiring Felipe Massa at Williams in 2017

Steph Curry's record streak of 157 games with a three-pointer ends

Jimmy Floyd Hasselbaink sacked as manager of QPR

Semi-finals – Murray bt Raonic, Isner bt Cilic

Murray becomes world No 1 after Raonic withdrew due to injury. Djokovic had topped the rankings for 122 weeks

Ladbrokes Four Nations rugby league matches played at Ricoh Arena

Ireland defeat New Zealand 40–29 at Soldier Field in Chicago. The win is Ireland's first ever over the All Blacks in 29 matches and 111 years, and also ends the All Blacks' record-setting Test match winning streak at 18

Nov 5

Breeders’ Cup Classic – Arrogate

Final – Murray bt Isner

WTA Elite Trophy final – Kvitova bt Svitolina

China Championship final – Higgins bt Bingham

Kenya's Mary Keitany becomes the first woman to win three consecutive New York Marathons for 30 years. Men’s race won by Eritrean world champion Ghirmay Ghebreslassie

Turkish Open – Thorbjorn Olesen (Denmark)

Philippine Senator Manny Pacquiao defeats Jessie Vargas in Las Vegas to claim the WBO welterweight title

Nov 6

Vendee Globe starts in France

Champion jockey – Jim Crowley

Champion trainer – Aidan O’Brien

Men’s World Squash Championship final (Cairo) – Karim Abdel Gawad (Egypt) bt Ramy Ashour (Egypt)

Nov 7

Steph Curry claims a record 13 three-pointers in a single game

Carabao to sponsor EFL Cup from 2017

Nov 8

Checkatrade Trophy – Chelsea bt Oxford 13-12 on penalties. 34 penalties taken in longest penalty shootout in English football

Nov 9

Haseeb Hameeb, aged 19, makes debut for England against India

Cartier Horse of the Year – Minding

Nov 11

England 3 Scotland 0

Four Nations – Scotland 18 New Zealand 18. Match played in Workington

Nov 12

England beat South Africa for first time since 2006. Elliot Daly makes debut for England

Ross Ford wins 100th cap for Scotland

Conor McGregor becomes the first mixed martial artist to simultaneously hold world titles in two different weight divisions

Four Nations – England 18 Australia 36. Match played at London Stadium

Nov 13

First Test (Rajkot) England 537 (Root 124, Moeen 127, Stokes 128) and 260-3 (Cook 130) India 488 (Vijay 126, Pujara 124) and 172-6. Match drawn

MotoGP final standings – 1st Marquez (Honda), 2nd Rossi (Yamaha), 3rd Lorenzo (Yamaha)

Constructors’ champion – Honda

Moto2 – Johann Zarco (France)

Moto3 – Brad Binder (South Africa)

Fed Cup final – Czech Republic bt France

Brazilian GP – Hamilton, Rosberg, Verstappen. 9th Nasr, winning the first points for Sauber this season

Hamilton moves ahead of Alain Prost in second place on the all-time Formula 1 winners' list with his 52nd win

Rochelle Clark becomes England's most-capped player, overtaking fellow prop Jason Leonard by making her 115th international appearance. She is now level with Scotland's Donna Kennedy as the record caps holder in the women's game

World Rugby Awards –

Player of the Year – Beauden Barrett (New Zealand)

Team of the Year – New Zealand

Coach of the Year – Steve Hansen (New Zealand)

Breakthrough Player of the Year – Maro Itoje

Women's Player of the Year – Sarah Hunter

Nov 15

England 2 Spain 2

Ron Dennis forced to quit by McLaren

Nov 16

Jack Bodell dies

National League MVP – Kris Bryant (Chicago Cubs). American League MVP – Mike Trout (Los Angeles Angels)

Nov 18

ATP World Tour Finals group tables –

John McEnroe Group – Murray, Nishikori, Wawrinka, Cilic

Ivan Lendl Group – Djokovic, Raonic, Thiem, Monfils

Goffin replaced Monfils for final match

Nov 19

Semi-finals – Murray bt Raonic in longest-ever ATP Finals match, Djokovic bt Nishikori

Italy beat South Africa for the first time in rugby union

Nov 20

Final – Murray bt Djokovic

Men’s doubles final – Kontinen and Peers bt Klaasen and Ram

World Rally Championship – Sebastien Ogier, driving a VW Polo

DP World Tour Championship – Matthew Fitzpatrick

Race to Dubai – Henrik Stenson

Four Nations final (Anfield) Australia bt New Zealand. Mel Meninga is manager of Australia. Captain – Cameron Smith

Ben Ainslie's Land Rover BAR team wins the America's Cup World Series

Grand Slam of Darts final – Van Gerwen bt Wade

CMF Group Tour Championship – Charley Hull. First LPGA title

NASCAR Sprint Cup – Jimmie Johnson. 7th Cup championship, which ties the all-time record set by Richard Petty in 1979 and Dale Earnhardt in 1994

Craig Reedie is elected for a second term as President of WADA

Nov 21

Second Test (Visakhapatnam) India 455 (Pujara 119, Kohli 167) and 204 England 255 (Ashwin 5-57) and 155. India won by 246 runs

Nov 22

Bruce Arena replaces Jurgen Klinsmann as manager of USA

Borussia Dortmund 8 Legia Warsaw 4

The identity of the Las Vegas team that will become the NHL's 31st franchise in the 2017–18 season is unveiled as the Vegas Golden Knights

Nov 24

Steven Gerrard retires

William Hill Sports Book of the Year – ‘Barbarian Days: A Surfing Life’ by William Finnegan

Nov 25

Four police forces in England say they are actively investigating allegations of child sexual abuse in association football. Several ex-players have gone public with allegations against former Crewe Alexandra and Manchester City coach Barry Bennell

Nov 26

Faf du Plessis charged with ball tampering by ICC

Spurs become last team in the Premier League to lose a match, to Chelsea

Swansea 5 Crystal Palace 4

Elliot Daly sent off for England against Argentina

Hennessey Gold Cup – Native River

European Curling Championships (Braehead Arena, Renfrew) –

Men's team – Sweden

Women's team – Russia

Nov 27

Abu Dhabi GP – Hamilton, Rosberg, Vettel

Final standings – 1st Rosberg 385 points, 2nd Hamilton 380 points, 3rd Ricciardo

Constructors – 1st Mercedes 765 points, 2nd Red Bull 468 points, 3rd Ferrari

Race winners – Hamilton 10, Rosberg 9, Ricciardo 1, Verstappen 1

Pole positions – Hamilton 12, Rosberg 8, Ricciardo 1

Jenson Button retires

Scottish League Cup final – Celtic bt Aberdeen. 100th major trophy won by Celtic

Davis Cup final – Argentina 3 Croatia 2. Delbonis bt Karlovic in deciding match

Peter Lines and his son Oliver both reach the third round of UK Snooker Championship

Mark Allen 147 against Rod Lawler

Players Championship final – Van Gerwen bt Dave Chisnall

Grey Cup – Ottawa Redblacks bt Calgary Stampeders

Japan Cup – Kitasan Black

Nov 29

Third Test (Mohali) England 283 and 236 India 417 (Stokes 5-73) and 104-2. India won by 8 wickets

Jessica Ennis-Hill will be awarded her third World Championship heptathlon gold medal, after Tatyana Chernova is stripped of the 2011 title

Ben Woodburn, aged 17, becomes Liverpool’s youngest ever goal scorer

Nov 30

Bonus point system introduced for 2017 Six Nations

Gareth Southgate appointed as manager of England on a four-year deal

Dec 2

Nico Rosberg retires

World Athletes of the Year – Usain Bolt and Almaz Ayana

Dec 3

England beat Australia to equal their record of 14 successive rugby union Test wins

Sanchez hat-trick for Arsenal against West Ham

Preston players Jermaine Beckford and Eoin Doyle sent off for fighting each other

Chelsea apologise to Gary Johnson over sex abuse he suffered as a youth team member in the 1970s

Dec 4

Winmau World Masters – Glen Durrant

UK Championship final (York Barbican) – Selby bt O’Sullivan. Five centuries were scored in the final six frames

2017 British Figure Skating Championships. Men – Graham Newberry. Women – Natasha McKay

Hero World Challenge – Hideki Matsuyama

Dec 5

Thomas Bjorn to captain 2018 Europe Ryder Cup team

BBC Wales Sports Person of the Year – Jade Jones

CONMEBOL officially awards Brazilian team Chapecoense the 2016 Copa Sudamericana title in the wake of the plane crash that killed almost the entire team

Dec 6

Lucas Perez hat-trick for Arsenal against Basle

WTA Tour Player of the Year – Angelique Kerber

Dec 7

MCC to introduce sendings-off and to restrict bat-thickness and edge-thickness

London Welsh to enter liquidation

Porto 5 Leicester 0

Dec 8

Keaton Jennings scores a century on Test debut for England against India

Cambridge win Varsity match for first time since 2009

Referees are able to use a pitch-side monitor for the first time to review decisions in the Club World Cup

Dec 9

Dylan Hartley sent off against Leinster and is banned for six weeks

Badminton, archery, fencing, weightlifting and wheelchair rugby to lose all UK Sport funding for the 2020 Olympics in Tokyo

Mosconi Cup (Alexandra Palace) – Team Europe bt Team USA

Sunday Times and Sky Sports Sportswomen of the Year – Laura Kenny

Dec 10

Kal Yafai wins the WBA super-flyweight title to become the first boxing world champion from Birmingham

Joseph Parker (New Zealand) wins IBF world heavyweight title

Tom Brady sets a new NFL record with his 201st win

Vardy hat-trick against Man City

MLS Cup – Seattle Sounders FC bt Toronto FC

Dec 11

Crewe Alexandra director Dario Gradi suspended pending a Football Association investigation that claims he "smoothed over" a complaint of sexual assault against a Chelsea scout in the 1970s

International Premier Tennis League final – Singapore Slammers bt Indian Aces

Dec 12

Fourth Test (Mumbai) England 400 (Jennings 112, Ashwin 6-112) and 195 (Ashwin 6-55) India 631 (Vijay 136, Kohli 235, J Yadav 104). India won by an innings and 36 runs

Walter Swinburn dies

Ballon d'Or – Cristiano Ronaldo 2nd Lionel Messi 3rd Antoine Griezmann

BBC African Footballer of the Year – Riyad Mahrez

Dec 13

International Tennis Federation World Champions – Murray and Kerber

Men’s doubles World Champions – Jamie Murray and Bruno Soares

Dec 14

Club World Cup semi-final – Kashima Antlers bt Atletico National (Colombia)

Salomon Rondon hat-trick for WBA against Swansea, becoming only the second player to score a hat-trick of headers in the Premier League, with Everton striker Duncan Ferguson the only other to do so, against Bolton in 1997

Dec 15

Zola replaces Gary Rowett as manager of Birmingham City

Semi-final – Real Madrid bt America (Mexico)

Dec 16

Liam Dawson makes debut for England against India

T20 Challenge final (Pretoria) – Titans bt Warriors

Dec 17

Leinster 60 Northampton 13

51-year-old Bernard Hopkins loses final fight, against Joe Smith

Dec 18

Scottish Open final – Fu bt Higgins

Club World Cup final (Yokohama) Real Madrid 4 (Ronaldo 3) Kashima Antlers 2

Final ranking – Real Madrid, Kashima Antlers, Atletico National, America, Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors, Mamelodi Sundowns, Auckland City

BBC Sports Personality of the Year (Genting Arena, Birmingham) 1st Andy Murray, 2nd Alistair Brownlee, 3rd Nick Skelton

Overseas Personality – Simon Biles

Coach – Claudio Ranieri

Team – Leicester City

Young Personality – Ellie Robinson

Lifetime Achievement Award – Michael Phelps

Helen Rollason award – Ben Smith

Unsung hero – Marcellus Baz

Dec 19

Fifa fines all four home nations for displaying poppies during World Cup qualifiers around Armistice Day

Bobsleigh and skeleton World Championships in 2017 will be held in the German resort of Koenigssee after the event was taken away from Sochi following claims of doping

Dec 20

Fifth Test (Chennai) England 477 (Moeen 146) and 207 (Jadeja 7-48) India 759-7 (Rahul 199, Nair 303). India won by an innings and 75 runs. India win series 4-0

England’s first innings score of 477 is the highest by any side that has gone on to lose by an innings

Dec 21

Petra Kvitova injured in a potentially career-threatening knife attack at her home

Cricket Australia bans the black and pink bat used by Sydney Thunder's Andre Russell in the Big Bash after it left marks on the ball

Dec 22

Florida Panthers winger Jaromir Jagr becomes the second highest points scorer in NFL history behind Wayne Gretsky

John Buckingham dies

International Cricket Council awards –

Sir Garfield Sobers Trophy for ICC cricketer of the year – Ravichandran Ashwin

Test cricketer of the year – Ravichandran Ashwin

ODI cricketer of the year – Quinton de Kock

Dec 23

Miruts Yifter dies

Sam Allardyce replaces Alan Pardew as manager of Crystal Palace

Dec 26

Bristol win for the first time in Aviva Premiership, against Worcester. Hat-trick for Tom Varndell

King George VI Chase – Thistlecrack

Dec 27

Welsh Grand National – Native River

Bob Bradley sacked as manager of Swansea

Dec 28

Bradley Wiggins retires

Ana Ivanovic retires

Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race – Perpetual LOYAL

Dec 30

New Saints break Ajax’s 44-year-old world record for the longest winning streak in top-flight football, with their 27th win in a row

Amanda Nunes defeats Ronda Rousey to retain the Women's Bantamweight title at UFC 207

Dec 31

Andre Gray hat-trick for Burnley against Sunderland

New Years Honours –

Knighthood – Andy Murray, Mo Farah, Lee Pearson

Dame – Jessica Ennis-Hill, Katherine Grainger

Companion of Honour – Roger Bannister

CBE – Jason Kenny, Laura Kenny, Charlotte Dujardin, Nick Skelton, Sascha Kindred, Sophie Christiansen

OBE – Nicola Adams, Kate Richardson-Walsh, Chris Coleman, Pete Reed, Andrew Triggs Hodge, Ed Clancy, Jody Cundy, John Gosden

MBE – Jonathan Agnew, Michael O’Neill, GB women’s hockey team

Sport and Leisure/Toys and Games

2021-04-19T13:53:14Z

Admin: Created page with "Cards Playing cards were invented in imperial China. They were found in China as early as the 9th century during the Tang Dynasty Right-facing playing cards – Jack of Club..."

Cards

Playing cards were invented in imperial China. They were found in China as early as the 9th century during the Tang Dynasty

Right-facing playing cards – Jack of Clubs, Jack/Queen/King of Spades

King of Hearts does not have a moustache

King of Diamonds has an axe behind his left shoulder

Queens in a pack of cards hold flowers

Nine of Diamonds is known as the ‘curse of Scotland’

Ace of spades is also known as the ‘death card’

Ace of spades used to show the tax on a set of playing cards

Swiss playing cards – acorns, bells, flowers and shields

German playing cards – acorns, bells, hearts and leaves

'''Tarot''' – a set of cards featuring 21 trump cards, the fool, and an extra face card per suit, in addition to the usual suit (face and pip) cards found in ordinary playing cards. Tarot cards came to be utilized primarily for divinatory purposes with the trump cards along with the fool card comprising the 22 major arcana cards and the pip and four face cards the 56 minor arcana. 78 cards in total. The traditional Italian tarot suits are swords, batons/wands, coins and cups

Ranking of '''poker''' hands –

1.Straight flush – five cards in sequence, all of the same suit

2.Four of a kind – four cards of one rank and an unmatched card of another rank

3.Full house – three matching cards of one rank and two matching cards of another rank

4.Flush – all five cards are of the same suit

5.Straight – five cards of sequential rank

6.Three of a kind – three cards of the same rank, plus two unmatched cards

7.Two pair – two cards of the same rank, plus two cards of another rank (that match each other but not the first pair), plus one unmatched card

8.One pair – two cards of the same rank, plus three other unmatched cards

9.High card – highest card

Odds of a royal flush (an ace-high straight flush) are 649,739:1

Blaze is a poker hand consisting of five face cards

World Series of Poker is a series of poker tournaments held annually in Las Vegas and, since 2005, sponsored by Caesars Entertainment

World Series of Poker (WSOP) bracelet is considered the most coveted non-monetary prize a poker player can win

Community card poker refers to any game of poker that uses community cards (also called ‘shared cards’ or ‘window cards’), which are cards dealt face up in the centre of the table and shared by all players

Omaha hold 'em is a poker game similar to Texas hold 'em, where each player is dealt four cards and must make his best hand using exactly two of them, plus exactly three of the five community cards

Pineapple hold 'em exists halfway between Texas hold 'em and Omaha hold 'em. Players are initially dealt three cards. Each player then discards one of the three cards, and the game proceeds exactly as in Texas hold 'em

Poker players – Dave ‘The Devilfish’ Ulliott, Phil ‘The Unabomber’ Laak

Thomas Preston was a poker player known as Amarillo Slim

'''Whist''' is a classic English trick-taking card game which was widely played in the 18th and 19th centuries. Bridge is a development of whist

'''Duplicate bridge''' is the most widely used variation of contract bridge in club and tournament play. It is called duplicate because the same bridge deal is played at each table and scoring is based on relative performance

'''Rubber bridge''' is a form of contract bridge, played by two competing teams of two players each. A rubber is a best-of-three competition which is completed when one team is first to win two games. A team wins a game when it is first to score 100 or more contract points

Yarborough is a hand with no card higher than a nine

A '''pinochle''' deck consists of two copies of each of the Ace through 9 cards of all four suits, for 48 cards per deck. Aces are considered high. Pinochle follows a nonstandard card ordering. The complete ordering from highest to lowest is A, 10, K, Q, J, 9

In '''Baccarat''', cards 2 to 9 are worth face value, 10s and face cards (J, Q, K) are worth zero, and Aces are worth 1 point. Baccarat is a simple game with only three possible results – 'Player', 'Banker' and 'Tie'

Players attempt to score nine (known as ‘le grande’) in Baccarat

The '''piquet''' deck is a subset of the French-suited 52-card deck, with all values from 2 through 6 in each suit removed

A two-handed '''bezique''' deck is a 64-card deck, consisting of ace through 7 of each suit twice (two piquet decks)

'''Cribbage''' was invented by poet John Suckling

Cribbage is played to 121 points. The highest possible hand score is 29

Pegging, two for his heels, one for his nob, muggins, skunking – terms used in cribbage

'''Euchre''' is played with four people in two partnerships with a deck of 24 standard playing cards. It is the game responsible for introducing the joker into modern packs

'''Skat''' is a trick-taking card game for three players

In Germany, Doppelkopf is nearly as popular as Skat. Trick-taking card game for four players

'''Pelmanism''' is a card game in which all of the cards are laid face down on a surface and two cards are flipped face up over each turn. The object of the game is to turn over pairs of matching cards. Also known as Pairs

'''Patience''' (UK) also known as Solitaire (US)

Klondike, Sultan, Miss Milligan, Clock – types of Patience

'''Top Trumps''' is a card game whereby the aim is collect all the cards in the pack. Each card in the pack describes an item from a selected theme, such as cars or aircraft

'''Canasta''' uses two complete decks of 52 playing cards plus the four jokers

'''Blackjack''', also known as '''twenty-one''', is the most widely played casino banking game in the world

Pontoon is the British variant of blackjack

Royal pontoon – Ace and court card of the same suit (or three sevens)

The objective in '''gin rummy''' is to score points and reach an agreed number of points or more, usually 100, before the opponent does. The basic game strategy is to improve one's hand by forming melds and eliminating deadwood

Misere is call by a player who is bidding to win no tricks

Board games

'''Abalone''' is a two-player strategy board game. The objective is to push six of the opponent's marbles off the edge of the board

'''Backgammon''' was first played 5,000 years ago

Each side of a backgammon board has a track of 12 long triangles, called points. The points are considered to be connected across one edge of the board, forming a continuous track in the shape of a horseshoe, and are numbered from 1 to 24. Players begin with two checkers on their 24-point, three checkers on their 8-point, and five checkers each on their 13-point and their 6-point

Tric-tric is another name for backgammon

Edmund Hoyle published ''A Short Treatise on the Game of Back-Gammon'' in 1743

'''Candy Land''' is a simple racing board game. It has become a cultural icon in the U.S., where it is often the first board game played by children because it requires no ability to read and only minimal counting skills

'''Chinese checkers''' is a variety of ''Halma''

'''Cluedo''' was invented by Anthony Pratt in 1947

''Cluedo: Discover the Secrets'' was released in 2008. The six suspects from the original crime have been updated to include first names and more modern-day lifestyles. Each character has a special ability or ‘power’ which can be used once during a game

'''Go''' originated in ancient China more than 2,500 years ago

The two players alternately place black and white playing pieces, called ‘stones’, on the vacant intersections (‘points’) of a board with a 19x19 grid of lines

''Hex'' is a similar game to ''Go'' and was invented by John Nash

'''Halma''' (from the Greek word meaning ‘jump’) is a board game invented in 1884 by an American plastic surgeon at Harvard Medical School, George Howard Monks. The goal of the game is to transfer all of one's pieces from one's own camp into the camp in the opposing corner of the 16x16 board

'''Ludo''' (from Latin ludus, ‘game’) is a simplification of the traditional Indian Cross and Circle game '''''Pachisi'''''. It originally appeared in 1896. The game was patented in England

''Parcheesi'' is an American adaptation of ''Pachisi''

'''Mancala''' is a family of board games played around the world, sometimes called sowing games or count and capture games, which comes from the general gameplay. Mancala games play a role in many African and some Asian societies comparable to that of chess in the West. The mancala games best known in the Western world are ''Kalah'', ''Oware'' (or ''Awele''), ''Congklak'', ''Omweso'', and ''Bao''

'''Monopoly''' was invented by Charles B. Darrow in 1933

Best ''Monopoly'' strategy – buy orange properties, ignore utilities

''Monopoly'' rentals – site only £2, house on Old Kent Road £10; site only £50, hotel on Mayfair £2000

On a ''Monopoly'' board, there are three Chance and three Community Chest squares

Electric Company – only property that includes all the letters of the word Monopoly

''Here and Now'' – limited 70th anniversary edition of ''Monopoly'', brought up to date. Played with Visa credit cards. Cheapest property – Bishopsgate (£600,000), most expensive property – Kensington Palace Gardens (£4,000,000). Airports instead of stations. Playing pieces include a skateboard and mobile phone

The history of the board game ''Monopoly'' can be traced back to the early 1900s. Based on original designs by the American Elizabeth Magie, several board games were developed from 1903 through the 1930s that involved the buying and selling of land and the development of that land. The first game was called ''The Landlord’s Game''

The character locked behind the bars is called Jake the Jailbird. Officer Edgar Mallory sent him to jail

The ''Monopoly'' games mascot, Rich Uncle Pennybags, is intended to be a representation of the late financier, J. P. Morgan. However the monopoly game mascot is now called Mr. Monopoly

US ''Monopoly'' – based on Atlantic City. Most expensive property – Boardwalk, cheapest property – Mediterranean Avenue

''Anti-Monopoly'' is a board game made by San Francisco State University Professor Ralph Anspach in 1973, in response to ''Monopoly''. Players compete to return the state of the board to a free market system

The first Monopoly World Championships took place in New York, in 1973

'''Risk''' was invented by Albert Lamorisse and released in 1957 as ''The Conquest of the World''. The standard version is played on a board depicting a political map of the Earth, divided into 42 territories, which are grouped into six continents

''Castle Risk'' is a version of ''Risk'' that is played on a map of Europe

'''Senet''', a board game from predynastic and ancient Egypt, is the oldest board game whose ancient existence has been confirmed, dating to c. 3500 BC

'''Shogi''' is a Japanese board game played by two players. The object of the game is to capture the opponent's King. It is played on a nine-by-nine board. The vertical rows are called files, the horizontal ones ranks or just rows. Each player has twenty pieces: one King, two Gold Generals, two Silver Generals, two Knights, two Lances, one Rook, one Bishop and nine Pawns

'''Snakes and Ladders''' is an ancient Indian board game. The most widely known edition of Snakes and Ladders in the United States is ''Chutes and Ladders'' from Milton Bradley

'''Sorry!''' is a Cross and Circle board game that is based on ''Pachisi''

'''Stratego''' is originally a Dutch board game featuring a 10x10 square board and two players with 40 pieces each. Pieces represent individual officers and soldiers in an army. The objective of the game is to either find and capture the opponent's Flag or to capture so many of the opponent's pieces that he/she cannot make any further moves

'''The Game of Life''' is a board game originally created in 1860 by Milton Bradley. The game simulates a person's travels through his or her life, from college to retirement, with jobs, marriages and children (or not) along the way

'''Totopoly''' is a commercial board game, based on the events leading up to, and during, a horse race. Originally made in 1938 by Waddingtons

'''Trivial Pursuit''' was created by Scott Abbott and Chris Haney. Released in 1982. Owned by Hasbro

In the classic version of ''Trivial Pursuit'', the ''Genus'' edition, the six categories are Geography (blue), Entertainment (pink), History (yellow), Arts & Literature (brown), Science & Nature (green), and Sports & Leisure (orange)

'''Trouble''' is a board game in which players compete to be the first to send four pieces all the way around a board. It is a variant of ''Frustration''

'''German-style board games''', frequently referred to in gaming circles as Euro Games or Euro-style, are a broad class of tabletop games that generally have simple rules, short to medium playing times, indirect player interaction and abstract physical components. The games emphasize strategy, play down luck and conflict, lean towards economic rather than military themes, and usually keep all the players in the game until it ends. German-style games are sometimes contrasted with American-style games, which generally involve more luck, conflict, and drama

'''Agricola''' was created by Uwe Rosenberg, and published by Lookout Games. The goal of the game is to build the most well-balanced farm at the end of 14 rounds

'''Carcassonne''' is a tile-based game. It is named after the medieval fortified town of Carcassonne in southern France, famed for its city walls

'''El Grande''' game board represents renaissance-era Spain where the nobility (the Grandes) fight for control of the nine regions

'''Imperial''' – the object is to accumulate wealth in the form of bond holdings in successful countries and cash. Players take on the role of international financiers who purchase government bonds in the six pre-World War I empires

'''Puerto Rico''' – players assume the roles of colonial governors on the island of Puerto Rico during the age of Caribbean ascendancy

'''The Settlers of Catan''' is a multiplayer game Players assume the roles of settlers, each attempting to build and develop holdings while trading and acquiring resources. Players are rewarded points as their settlements grow

Tile-based games

'''Dominoes''' – the earliest mention of dominoes is from Song Dynasty China

The traditional domino set consists of 28 dominoes, which have a total of 168 dots

'''Mahjong''' is played with a set of 144 tiles. In most variations, each player begins by receiving 13 tiles. In turn players draw and discard tiles until they complete a legal hand using the 14th drawn tile to form four groups (melds) and a pair (head). There are two different honour suits: the winds and the dragons (red, green, and white)

''Mahjong'' – Chinese for ‘sparrow’

'''Qwirkle''' shares some characteristics with the games ''Rummikub'' and ''Scrabble''

'''Rummikub''' was invented by Ephraim Hertzano, a Romanian-born Jew, who immigrated to Mandate Palestine in the early 1930s. The game combines elements of rummy, dominoes, mahjong and chess

'''Scrabble''' was invented by Alfred Butts in 1931

''Lexico'', ''Criss-Cross Words'' – forerunners of ''Scrabble''

Scrabble board is divided into a 15×15 grid of squares. In an English-language set, the game contains 100 tiles. Players have seven tiles

SOWPODS is a term used to refer to the word list used in tournament ''Scrabble'' in most countries

‘Twelve’ is the only number equal to its score in Scrabble

In the Polish version of Scrabble, Z score one point

Puzzles

'''Eternity''' is a tiling puzzle created by Christopher Monckton and launched by the Ertl Company in 1999. Consisting of 209 pieces, it was marketed as being practically unsolvable, with a £1 million prize on offer for whoever could solve it within four years. The prize was paid out in 2000 for a winning solution arrived at by two mathematicians from Cambridge

'''Futoshiki''' is a logic puzzle game from Japan. Its name means ‘inequality’. The objective is to place the numbers 1 to 5 (or whatever the dimensions are) such that each row, and column contains each of the digits 1 to 5. Some digits may be given at the start. In addition, inequality constraints are also initially specified between some of the squares

'''Jigsaw''' puzzle made by John Spilsbury in 1766

'''Kakuro''' is a ''Sudoku'' type puzzle, aka ''Cross Sums''

'''KenKen''' is a ''Sudoku'' type puzzle, where grids are divided into ‘cages’. ''KenKen'' translates as ‘square wisdom’

'''Rubik’s Magic''' – the goal of the game is to fold the puzzle into a heart-like shape and unscramble the picture on the back side, thus interconnecting the three rings

'''Sudoku''' was originally called '''''Number Place'''''. Numbers in a ''Sudoku'' puzzle add up to 405

'''Tangram''' is a dissection puzzle consisting of seven flat shapes, called tans, which are put together to form shapes. The objective of the puzzle is to form a specific shape (given only an outline or silhouette) using all seven pieces, which may not overlap

'''Tredoku''' is a Sudoku that appears to exist in three dimensions

Word games

'''Pictionary''' is a guessing word game invented by Robert Angel with graphic design by Gary Everson and first published in 1985. The game is played with teams with players trying to identify specific words from their teammates' drawings

Dice games

'''Poker dice''' are dice which, instead of having number pips, have representations of playing cards upon them. Poker dice have six sides, one each of an Ace, King, Queen, Jack, ten and nine, and are used to form a poker hand

'''Yahtzee''' is made by Milton Bradley (now owned by Hasbro), which was first marketed by game entrepreneur Edwin S. Lowe in 1956. The object of the game is to score the most points by rolling five dice to make certain combinations

Snake Eyes – two 1’s in dice

Role-playing games

Gary Gygax, the author of '''Dungeons & Dragons''' (D&D), co-created with Dave Arneson and co-published with Don Kaye in 1974 under the company Tactical Studies Rules (TSR), which was bought by Wizards of the Coast

Avalon Hill is now a division of the game company Wizards of the Coast, which is itself a subsidiary of Hasbro

Wizards of the Coast produce ''Magic: The Gathering'' and ''Pokemon Trading Card Game''

Traditional games

World '''conker''' championships held annually at Ashton, in Northants

World '''marbles''' championships held at Tinsley Green in West Sussex every Good Friday

Each player has five marbles and a larger shooter or ‘taw’. The simplest variant is called ‘shooting the ring’

'''Tiddlywinks''' – players use a ‘squidger’ to propel a wink into flight by pressing down on a wink, thereby flicking it into the air. The objective of the game is to score points by sending your own winks into the pot and preventing the opponent from ‘squopping’ your winks by placing your own winks on top of them

Bomb, boondock, doubleton, nurdle, scrunge – terms in tiddlywinks

Mathematical games

'''Nim''' is a two-player mathematical game of strategy in which players take turns removing objects from distinct heaps

'''Tower of Hanoi''' consists of three pegs, and a number of disks of different sizes which can slide onto any peg. The puzzle starts with the disks neatly stacked in order of size on one peg, the smallest at the top, thus making a conical shape. The puzzle was invented by the French mathematician Edouard Lucas in 1883

Other games

'''Subbuteo''' is derived from the scientific name ''Falco subbuteo'' (a bird of prey commonly known as the Eurasian hobby), after a trademark was not granted to its creator PeteAdolph to call the game ‘Hobby’. First sets sold in 1947

'''Jenga''' is a game of physical and mental skill, marketed by Hasbro, in which players remove blocks from a tower and put them on top. The player who causes the tower to collapse loses. The word jenga is derived from kujenga, the Swahili verb ‘to build’

'''Pachinko''' is a Japanese gaming device used for amusement and prizes. Although pachinko machines were originally strictly mechanical, modern pachinko machines are a cross between a pinball machine and a video slot machine

'''Rock-paper-scissors''' is also known as Roshambo. It is a type of a zero sum hand game

'''Escalado''' was invented and patented in 1928 by Swiss inventor Arthur Gueydan and produced by Chad Valley. Model race horse game pieces, originally made of lead, make their way across a long fabric race track towards the finish line at the other end. The horses move across the race track by means of a mechanical hand crank

Toys

'''Lego''' comes from Danish ‘leg godt’ which translates to ‘play well’. The name could also be interpreted as ‘I put together’ or ‘I assemble’ in Latin. Toy of the year in 1974 and 1975

The Lego Group began in the workshop of Ole Kirk Christiansen, a carpenter from Billund, Denmark. Christiansen began creating wooden toys in 1932, and began calling itself ''Lego'' in 1934

''Bionicle'' – Lego toys. Portmanteau constructed from the words ‘biological’ and ‘chronicle’

''Duplo'' – Lego for young children

Lego initiated a robotics line of toys called ''Mindstorms'' in 1999

''Lego Friends'' is a product range of Lego designed to appeal primarily to girls. Introduced in 2012

Kiddicraft was a toy company founded in 1932 by Hilary 'Harry' Page. The company is notable for the releasing of the predecessor of the Lego bricks, the ''Self-locking Bricks''

Erector Set is a toy construction set invented by Olympic pole vault gold medalist A.C. Gilbert in 1911

'''Matchbox''' was introduced by Lesney Products in 1953 and is now owned by Mattel. Lesney's reputation would be moulded by Jack Odell, Leslie Smith and Rodney Smith (hence the name ‘Lesney’); their first major sales success was the million-selling model of Queen Elizabeth II's Coronation Coach

'''Hornby''' Railways dates back to 1901, when founder Frank Hornby received a patent for his ''Meccano'' construction toy. The first clockwork train was produced in 1920. In 1938, Hornby launched its first 00 gauge train. In 1964, Hornby and '''Meccano''' were bought by their competitor Tri-Ang

Lines Bros Ltd was a British toy manufacturer of the 20th century, operating under the Tri-ang brand name

'''Slinky''' or ‘Lazy Spring’ is a toy consisting of a helical spring that stretches and can bounce up and down. The toy was invented and developed by naval engineer Richard James in the early 1940s

'''View-Master''' – the trademark name of a line of special-format stereoscopes and corresponding View-Master ‘reels’, which are thin cardboard disks containing seven stereoscopic 3-D pairs of small colour photographs on film. The View-Master system was introduced in 1939

'''Etch A Sketch''' was invented by Andre Cassagnes and subsequently manufactured by the Ohio Art Company. Introduced in 1960

'''Playmobil''' is a line of plastic figures produced by the Brandstatter Group, headquartered in Zirndorf, Germany

The American businesswoman Ruth Handler is regarded as the creator of '''Barbie''' in 1959, and the doll's design was inspired by a German doll called Bild Lilli. Barbie's full name is Barbara Millicent Roberts. Made by Mattel (founded by Howard ‘matt’ Matson and ‘el’ Elliott Handler). Barbie ditched Ken, is now with surfer Blaine

Fulla is a Muslim Barbie, released in 2009

Sara and Dara are Islamic Barbie dolls, released in 2012

Francie Fairchild was a fashion doll issued by Mattel from 1966 to 1976 and re-introduced in 2011. Marketed as "Barbie's MODern cousin" (sic) from England, the doll had an extensive line of mod-style clothing

'''Bratz''' – manufactured by MGA Entertainment. Four original 10" dolls were released in 2001 – Cloe, Jade, Sasha and Yasmin

The original nine '''Beanie Babies''' were launched in 1993 by Ty, Inc.

Character Group produce ''Dr Who'' and ''Little Britain'' toys

Wham-O Inc. is a toy company currently located in California. They are known for marketing many popular toys in the past 50 years, including the Hula Hoop, the Frisbee, Slip 'N Slide, Super Ball, Trac-Ball, Silly String, Hacky Sack and the Boogie board. Founded in 1948 by Richard Knerr and Arthur ‘Spud’ Melin

''Magic 8 Ball'' is a toy used for fortune-telling or seeking advice, manufactured by Mattel

''Lincoln Logs'' is the name of a children's toy consisting of notched miniature logs, used to build miniature forts and buildings. They were invented by John Lloyd Wright, son of the architect Frank Lloyd Wright

Dreidel is a four-sided spinning top, played with during the Jewish holiday of Hanukkah

''Jacob's ladder'' is a toy consisting of blocks of wood held together by strings or ribbons. When the ladder is held at one end, blocks appear to cascade down the strings

Nerf is a toy brand created by Parker Brothers and currently owned by Hasbro. Most of the toys are a variety of foam-based weaponry, but there are also several different types of Nerf toys, such as balls for sports like football, basketball, and others. The most notable of the toys are the dart guns (referred to by Hasbro as ‘blasters’) that shoot ammunition made from Nerf foam

Zhu Zhu Pets, formerly Go Go Hamsters in the UK, is an American line of plush robotic hamster toys

''Diabolo'' is a juggling prop consisting of a spool which is whirled and tossed on a string tied to two sticks held one in each hand

Beyblade is a high-performance spinning top. As of 2005 over 100 million units had been sold worldwide

‘Walking the dog’ and ‘rock the cradle’ are terms used in yo-yo

The ''My Friend Cayla'' doll is designed to sync with a smartphone or tablet which allows her to recognize a child's speech and conduct simple conversations

Toy of the Year awards began in 1965. First winner – James Bond Aston Martin die-cast car. Action Man won in 1966. Spirograph won in 1967

Pogo stick was invented by Hans Pohlig and Ernst Gottschall, from Germany, in 1920

''Transformers'' – Toy of the Tear in 1985 and 1986

''Furby'' – Toy of the Year in 1998 and 1999

Computer and video games

Nintendo Game Boy was released in 1989. Game Boy Colour was released in 1998. The Game Boy and Game Boy Colour combined have sold 118 million units worldwide

NES – Nintendo Entertainment System

Nintendo DS – Dual Screen

Nintendo 3DS has the ability to produce ‘3D effects without the need for any special glasses’ via a process called autostereoscopy

Nintendo Wii has a Nunchuk controller and Mii avatar

Master System – Sega 8-bit video game console released in 1987

Xbox was released by Microsoft in 2001

Microsoft's second console, the Xbox 360, was released in 2005 and has sold over 77 million consoles worldwide. The successor to the Xbox 360 and Microsoft's most recent console, the Xbox One, was revealed in 2013

Kinect is a line of motion sensing input devices by Microsoft for Xbox 360 and Xbox One video game consoles

PlayStation was released by Sony in 1994

PlayStation 2 is the best-selling home console to date, having reached over 155 million units sold as of 2012. Sony's next console, the PlayStation 3, was released in 2006 and has sold over 80 million consoles worldwide. Sony's latest console, the PlayStation 4, was released in 2013

PSP – PlayStation Portable. Succeeded by PlayStation Vita

First-person shooter (FPS) is a genre of computer and video games which is characterized by an on-screen view that simulates the in-game character's point of view and a focus on the use of handheld ranged weapons

Third-person shooter (TPS) is a genre of 3D action games in which the player character is visible on-screen, and the gameplay consists primarily of shooting

A god game is a computer simulation game that casts the player in the position of an entity with divine or supernatural powers, and places them in charge of a game setting containing autonomous mortals to guard and influence. Examples of such god games are ''Little Computer People'' and ''The Sims''

A dungeon crawl is a type of scenario in fantasy role-playing games in which heroes navigate a labyrinthine environment, battling various monsters, and looting any treasure they may find

Hack and slash, abbreviated H&S, refers to a type of gameplay that emphasizes combat

A merger between Activision and Vivendi Games took place in 2008, with the newly formed company known as Activision Blizzard. Activision still exists as a subsidiary owned by Activision Blizzard, and it still develops and publishes games such as ''Call of Duty'' and ''Guitar Hero''

Draughts was the first computer game, in 1951

Platform games are characterized by the player having to climb up and down, or jump from and to, platforms and ledges, while fighting enemies and collecting objects, e.g. ''Super Mario'', ''Donkey Kong''

Shigeru Miyamoto is best known as the creator of some of the most successful video game franchises of all time, including ''Mario'', ''Donkey Kong'', ''The Legend of Zelda'', ''Star Fox'', ''F-Zero'', ''Pikmin'', and the ''Wii'' series

Traveller’s Tales have sold over 60 million games to date, and have won two BAFTAs; one for Gameplay with ''Lego Star Wars II: The Original Trilogy'', and one for Children's Videogame of the Year for ''Lego Batman: The Video Game''. It is part of the TT Games group

Ubisoft headquarters are in Montreuil, France

Independent video games (commonly referred to as indie games) are video games created by individuals or small teams generally without video game publisher financial support

'''Pong''' was invented by Nolan Bushnell, the founder of Atari, in 1972. It is a tennis sports game featuring simple two-dimensional graphics

'''Magnavox Odyssey''', released in 1972, was the first home gaming console

'''Space Invaders''' is an arcade video game developed by Tomohiro Nishikado of Taito Corporation and released in 1978. The player controls a laser cannon by moving it horizontally across the bottom of the screen and firing at descending aliens. The aim is to defeat five rows of eleven aliens. By mid-1981, more than four billion quarters, or $1 billion, had been grossed from Space Invaders machines

'''Asteroids''' is an arcade space shooter released in 1979 by Atari, Inc. The player controls a spaceship in an asteroid field which is periodically traversed by flying saucers

'''Pac-Man''' was developed by Namco and first released in Japan in1980. Four enemies (Blinky, Pinky, Inky and Clyde) roam the maze, trying to catch Pac-Man

'''Frogger''' is a 1981 arcade game. The object of the game is to direct frogs to their homes one by one by crossing a busy road and navigating a river full of hazards

'''Elite''' is a space trading video game, originally published by Acornsoft in 1984 for the BBC Micro and Acorn Electron computers

'''Tetris''' is a puzzle video game originally designed and programmed by Alexey Pajitnov in the Soviet Union. It was created in 1984

'''Age of Empires''' requires the player to develop a nation, from a handful of Stone Age villagers. Developed by Ensemble Studios

'''SimCity''' was designed by Will Wright

'''The Sims''' is a strategic life simulation computer game created by game designer Will Wright, published by Maxis, and distributed by Electronic Arts. The game is a simulation of the day-to-day activities of one or more virtual people (dubbed ‘Sims’) in a suburban household located near SimCity

'''Pokemon''' was created by Satoshi Tajiri, controlled by Nintendo. The franchise began as a pair of video games for the original Game Boy in 1995

Ash Ketchum, known as Satoshi in Japan, is the protagonst in the ''Pokemon'' franchise

In most incarnations of the fictional Pokémon universe, a Trainer that encounters a wild Pokémon is able to capture that Pokémon by throwing a specially designed, mass-producible spherical tool called a Poké Ball at it. If the Pokémon is unable to escape the confines of the Poké Ball, it is officially considered to be under the ownership of that Trainer

'''Sensible Soccer''' was first released for Amiga and Atari ST computers in 1992

'''The Secret of Monkey Island''' is a 1990 point-and-click graphic adventure game developed by Lucasfilm Games. It takes place in a fantastic version of the Caribbean during the age of piracy. The player assumes the role of Guybrush Threepwood

'''Mortal Kombat''' was developed and published by Midway Games in 1992. Known for its gory finishing moves. The game focuses on the journey of the monk Liu Kang to save Earth from the evil sorcerer Shang Tsung. Mortal Kombat features at least 60 player characters

'''Mario''' was the official mascot of Nintendo. He first appeared in ''Donkey Kong'', though his original name was Jumpman. Because of the common reference to him and his brother Luigi as the ‘Mario Brothers,’ it has been speculated his full name is Mario Mario. Mario is depicted as a short, pudgy Italian plumber who lives in the Mushroom Kingdom, where he is regarded as a hero by many; he is best known for thwarting the plans of the evil King Bowser to kidnap Princess Peach and subjugate the Mushroom Kingdom

''Super Mario Bros'' released in 1985

''Luigi’s Mansion'' was the first ''Mario'' game to be released for Nintendo GameCube, in 2001

'''Sonic the Hedgehog''' was the mascot of Sega. Battles against his nemesis Doctor Eggman, also known as Doctor Robotnik. Sonic's best friend is a young fox called Miles ‘Tails’ Prower

'''Ape Escape''' is a series of video games made by Sony, starting with ''Ape Escape'' for PlayStation in 1999

The original '''Legend of Zelda''' (1986) is the fourth best selling NES game of all time. The series centres primarily on Link, a playable character and the protagonist. Link is often given the task of rescuing Princess Zelda

'''Crash Bandicoot''' is a series of platform video games. The protagonist of the series is an anthropomorphic bandicoot named Crash, whose quiet life on the Wumpa Islands is often interrupted by the games' main antagonist, Doctor Neo Cortex

'''Animal Crossing''' is a community simulation video game series developed and published by Nintendo, in which the player lives in a village inhabited by anthropomorphic animals, carrying out various activities

'''Street Fighter''' made its debut in the arcades in 1987. The player took control of martial artist Ryu, who competed in a worldwide martial arts tournament. A second player could join in at any time and take control of Ryu's rival, Ken

'''Civilization''' was designed by Sid Meier. The game's objective is to ‘Build an empire to stand the test of time’: it begins in 4000 BC and the players attempt to expand and develop their empires through the ages from the ancient era until modern and near-future times

'''Banjo-Kazooie''' stars a honey bear named Banjo and his friend, a large red bird – of the fictional Breegull species – named Kazooie, who are both controlled by the player, and a witch named Gruntilda as the primary antagonist

'''Halo''' is a series of science fiction first-person shooter video games developed by Bungie Studios and published by Microsoft, developed exclusively for the Xbox 360. The games are set in the ‘Halo universe’. The Halo trilogy centres around the SPARTAN 117 ‘John’, also known as Master Chief, a human super-soldier equipped with technologically advanced battle armour, and his AI companion, Cortana

''Halo 3'' follows the character Master Chief and his struggle against the Covenant and the Flood

'''Half-Life''', often abbreviated HL or HL1, is a science fiction first-person shooter computer game developed by Valve Software and published by Sierra Studios. In ''Half-Life'', players assume the role of Dr. Gordon Freeman, a theoretical physicist, who must fight his way out of a research facility overrun by aliens and soldiers. ''Half-Life 2'' was released in 2004

'''Doom''' is a 1993 computer game by John Romero of id Software. The player takes the role of a nameless space marine who has been deported to Mars

'''Grand Theft Auto''' games are produced by Rockstar

''Grand Theft Auto III'' – set in Liberty City (based on New York)

''Grand Theft Auto: Vice City'' – set in Vice City (based on Miami)

''Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas'' – set in the fictional state of San Andreas

''Grand Theft Auto IV'' is set in a re-imagined Liberty City, a fictional city based heavily on modern day New York City. It follows Niko Bellic, a Serbian veteran of the Bosnian War who comes to the United States in search of the American Dream. ''GTA IV'' sold about 3.6 million units on its first day of release and grossed more than $500 million in its first week, breaking the first-week sales record of $300 million set by ''Halo 3''

''Grand Theft Auto V'' is set within the fictional state of San Andreas, based on Southern California, the game's single-player story follows three criminals and their efforts to execute a number of heists while under pressure from a government agency. The game's use of open world design allows the player to freely roam the state's countryside and the city of Los Santos, based on Los Angeles

Only the expansion packs for the original ''Grand Theft Auto'', ''London 1969'' and ''London 1961'', have featured a location outside of the United States

'''Resident Evil''' is a video game series developed by Capcom and created by Shinji Mikami. The series is credited with popularizing the survival horror game genre. This franchise has been heavily influenced by George A. Romero's Dead movies, as well as the ''Alone in the Dark'' series of PC horror games. The original ''Resident Evil'' revolves around a series of cannibalistic homicides that occur in the Arklay Mountains region, situated north of the fictional Raccoon City

'''World of Warcraft''' is a massively multiplayer online role-playing game (MMORPG) developed by Blizzard Entertainment. Players create characters which serve as their avatars in the online world of Azeroth

'''Gears of War''' is a tactical third-person shooter video game developed by Epic Games using Unreal Engine 3.0 technology and published by Microsoft Game Studios. The game centres around the soldiers of Delta Squad as they fight to save the human inhabitants of the fictional planet Sera from a relentless subterranean enemy known as The Locust Horde. The player assumes the role of Marcus Fenix

'''Assassin’s Creed''' was developed by Ubisoft Montreal and published by Ubisoft. It was released worldwide in 2007 on the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360. The objective in the game is to assassinate nine historical figures propagating the Crusades in 1191

''Assassin’s Creed: Brotherhood'' is a direct sequel to ''Assassin's Creed II'', with Ezio Auditore da Firenze and Desmond Miles returning as the main protagonists

''Assassin's Creed IV: Black Flag'' was released in 2013

''Assassin's Creed Unity'' was released in 2014

'''Tekken''' (Japanese: ‘Iron Fist’) is a fighting game franchise created, developed and published by Namco

'''Knights and Merchants: The Peasants Rebellion''' is a history-based Real-time strategy game. The game was developed by Joymania Entertainment (since changed to Joymania Development) and published by TopWare Interactive. The scenery is based on the Anglo-Saxon period, c. 1000 AD

'''Guitar Hero''' is a music video game developed by Harmonix Music Systems and published by RedOctane for the PlayStation 2 video game console

''Guitar Hero World Tour'' is the first game in the Guitar Hero series to feature drum and microphone controllers for percussion and vocal parts

''Rock Band'' was developed by Harmonix Music Systems and MTV Games, and distributed by Electronic Arts. The series, inspired by Harmonix's previous efforts on the ''Guitar Hero'' series, allows up to four players to simulate the performance of popular rock music songs by playing with controllers modeled after musical instruments. Players can play the lead guitar, bass guitar, and drums parts to songs, as well as sing through a USB microphone

'''Call of Duty''' is a first-person shooter video game, released in 2003. The game was developed by Infinity Ward and published by Activision. The game simulates the infantry and combined arms warfare of World War II

''Call of Duty 4: Modern Warfare'' is the fourth installment of the main series. It is the first game in the series not to be set during World War II

''Call of Duty: Black Ops'' – the playable characters are Special Forces operatives conducting black operations behind enemy lines

''Call of Duty: Ghosts'' was released in 2013

'''RuneScape''' is the world's most popular free MMORPG, released in 2001 by Andrew and Paul Gower, and developed and published by Jagex Games Studio

'''L.A. Noire''' is a video game for PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 developed by Team Bondi in conjunction with Rockstar Games. ''L.A. Noire'' is set in Los Angeles in 1947, with players being challenged to solve a range of crimes

'''Final Fantasy''' is a fantasy role-playing video game, developed and first published in Japan by Square (now Square Enix) in 1987. The story follows four youths called the Light Warriors, who each carry one of their world's four elemental orbs which have been darkened by the four Elemental Fiends. 14 installments

'''Hitman''' game series revolves around Agent 47, a cloned assassin-for-hire

''Hitman: Absolution'' is an action-adventure stealth game developed by IO Interactive and published by Square Enix. Fifth ''Hitman'' game

'''The Elder Scrolls''' is a role-playing video game series developed by Bethesda Game Studios and published by Bethesda Softworks. The first product – ''The Elder Scrolls: Arena'' – was released in 1994 for DOS PC systems. Development of ''The Elder Scrolls IV: Oblivion'' began in 2002

''The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim'' was released in 2011

'''Dishonored''' was developed by Arkane Studios and published by Bethesda Softworks. Set in the fictional, plague-ridden industrial city of Dunwall, ''Dishonored'' follows Corvo Attano, the Empress's legendary bodyguard

'''Kirby''' series is a fantasy video game series developed by HAL Laboratory and Nintendo. All of the games in the ''Kirby'' series feature a pink spherical creature named Kirby as the main playable character and protagonist. Kirby frequently saves the world he resides in from various powerful antagonists, the most recurring one being King Dedede, the self-proclaimed ruler of Dream Land (a region of Pop Star)

'''Portal''' was developed by Value Corporation and released in 2007

''Portal 2'' is a first-person puzzle-platform video game developed and published by Valve Corporation. It is the sequel to ''Portal'' and was released in 2011

GLaDOS, short for Genetic Lifeform and Disk Operating System, is a fictional artificially intelligent computer system in Valve Software's ''Half-Life'' video game series and the main antagonist in the video game ''Portal''

'''Brain Age''', also known as '''Dr. Kawashima's Brain Training''', is a series of video games developed and published by Nintendo

'''Red Dead Redemption''' is an open world action-adventure western video game, developed by Rockstar San Diego and published by Rockstar Games

'''Need for Speed''' is a series of racing video games published by Electronic Arts. ''Need for Speed'' is the most successful racing video game series in the world

''Need for Speed: Most Wanted'' was released in 2012

'''The Last of Us''' was developed by Naughty Dog and published by Sony Computer Entertainment exclusively for the PlayStation 3. The player takes control of Joel, who is trekking across a post-apocalyptic United States in 2033, in order to escort the young Ellie to a resistance group, the Fireflies, who believe Ellie may be the key to curing an infection that has ravaged the world

'''Second Life''' is a virtual world developed by Linden Lab. A free client program called the Viewer enables its users, called Residents, to interact with each other through avatars. Ailin Graf is a German teacher who is Second Life’s first dollar millionaire

'''Scene It?''' is a DVD game series created by Screenlife, in which players answer trivia questions about films or pop culture

'''Kinect Adventures!''' is a 2010 sports video game for the Xbox 360, which utilizes the Kinect motion camera, and is included as a pack-in game with the device. The game is a collection of five adventure and sports minigames, including ''River Rush''

'''Diablo''' is an action role-playing hack and slash video game series developed by Blizzard Entertainment

In ''Diablo III'', players choose one of five character classes; the Witch Doctor, Barbarian, Wizard, Monk or Demon Hunter and are tasked with defeating the titular Diablo. ''Diablo III'' set a new record for fastest-selling PC game by selling over 3.5 million copies in the first 24 hours of its release, and was the highest selling PC game of 2012, selling more than 12 million copies during the year

'''Night Trap''' is a survival horror interactive movie video game that was released in1992 originally for the Sega CD

'''Mass Effect''' takes place in the year 2183, with the player assuming direct control of an elite human soldier named Commander Shepard and setting out to explore the Galaxy on a starship, the SSV ''Normandy''. The eponymous ‘mass effect’ is a form of inertia-suppressing technology, allowing faster-than-light travel

'''PaRappa the Rapper''' is a rhythm video game for the PlayStation. The game is named after its protagonist, Parappa, a rapping dog with the motto, "I gotta believe!"

'''Starcraft''' is owned by Blizzard Entertainment. The series centres on a galactic struggle for dominance between three species – the Terrans, the Zerg, and the Protoss – in a distant part of the Milky Way galaxy known as the Koprulu Sector in the 26th century

'''Shadow of the Colossus''' – a man named Wander must travel across a vast expanse on horseback and defeat sixteen massive beings, known simply as colossi, in order to restore the life of a girl named Mono

'''Minecraft''' is a sandbox indie game originally created by Swedish programmer Markus ‘Notch’ Persson and publshed by Mojang. The creative and building aspects of ''Minecraft'' allow players to build constructions out of textured cubes in a 3D procedurally generated world. In 2014, Microsoft announced a deal to buy Mojang, along with the ownership of the ''Minecraft'' intellectual property for US$2.5 billion

'''BioShock''' is set in 1960, in which the player guides the protagonist, Jack, after his airplane crashes in the ocean near the bathysphere terminus that leads to the underwater city of Rapture

'''FIFA''' is a series of association football video games or football simulator, released annually by Electronic Arts under the EA Sports label. As of ''FIFA 13'', Lionel Messi is the face of the franchise

'''Madden NFL''' is an American football video game series developed by Electronic Arts Tiburon for EA Sports. It is named after Pro Football Hall of Famer John Madden

'''Destiny''' received the title of Game of the Year from GamesRadar and the BAFTA Award for Best Game at the British Academy Video Games Awards. Released in 2014, ''Destiny'' marked Bungie's first new franchise since the ''Halo'' series. Set in a "mythic science fiction" setting

'''Temple Run''' is an endless running video game. In ''Temple Run'', the player controls an explorer who, having stolen a treasure from a temple, is chased by "demonic monkeys" who want to eat him

Mobile apps

Zynga is a social network game developer founded by Mark Pincus. Games include ''Mafia Wars'' and ''FarmVille''

Playfish, currently a property of Electronic Arts, is a developer of free-to-play social network games

'''Angry Birds''' is a puzzle video game developed by Finland-based Rovio Mobile. Inspired primarily by a sketch of stylized wingless birds, the game was first released for Apple's iOS in December 2009. Since that time, over 12 million copies of the game have been purchased from Apple's App Store. The birds are angry at pigs that have stolen their eggs

''Angry Birds Rio'' added a number of new elements, most notably the first use of boss levels. Players must now rescue caged exotic birds or defeat evil marmosets

''Angry Birds Star Wars'' was released in 2012

''Angry Birds Transformers'' was released in 2014

'''CastleVille''' was released by Zynga in 2011

'''FarmVille''' is a farming simulation social network game developed by Zynga

'''Words with Friends''' is a multi-player word game developed by Zynga with Friends (formerly Newtoy, Inc.)

'''Fruit Ninja''' is a game where the player slices fruit with a blade controlled via a touch pad

'''Candy Crush Saga''' is a video game for smartphones and Facebook that was released in November 2012 It was developed by King.com. As of March 2013, ''Candy Crush Saga'' surpassed FarmVille 2 as the most popular game on Facebook. The game is a variation of ‘match three’ games. The basic move of the game consists of swapping two candies' positions to align sets of three of the same colour, whereupon they disappear, causing candies above them to collapse into the space left behind

In 2014 a sequel ''Candy Crush Soda Saga'' was released

'''Bejeweled''' is a tile-matching puzzle video game by PopCap Games. More than 75 million copies of ''Bejeweled'' have been sold, and the game has been downloaded more than 150 million times. The objective of this game is to swap one gem with an adjacent gem to form a horizontal or vertical chain of three or more gems of the same colour

'''Flappy Bird''' was developed by Vietnam-based developer Dong Nguyen. The objective is to direct a flying bird, named ‘Faby’ which moves continuously to the right, between sets of Mario-like pipes. ''Flappy Bird'' was removed from both Apple's App Store and Google Play by its creator in 2014, due to guilt over what he considered to be its addictive nature and overuse

'''Heads Up!''' was created by the Ellen DeGeneres Show. You hold your iOS device on your head as it displays a word, which you have to guess from your friends' clues

'''Clash of Clans''' is a 2012 freemium mobile MMO strategy video game developed and published by Supercell, a video game company based in Helsinki

'''Subway Surfers''' features youths applying graffiti to (tagging) a metro railway site

Sport and Leisure/UEFA European Championship

2021-04-19T13:52:08Z

Admin: Created page with "'''History''' The idea for a pan-European football tournament was first proposed by the French Football Federation's secretary-general Henri Delaunay in 1927, but it was not..."

'''History'''

The idea for a pan-European football tournament was first proposed by the French Football Federation's secretary-general Henri Delaunay in 1927, but it was not until 1958 that the tournament was started, three years after Delaunay's death. In honour of Delaunay, the trophy awarded to the champions is named after him

'''1960 France'''

Qualifying competition

The 1960 UEFA European Nations' Cup was the first European Football Championship. Just 17 teams entered with some notable absences, West Germany, Italy and England among them

Czechoslovakia beat Republic of Ireland in Preliminary round

Spain, still under Francisco Franco's far-right dictatorship, refused to travel to the Soviet Union, and withdrew from the tournament

Semi-finals

France 4 Yugoslavia 5

Czechoslovakia 0 Soviet Union 3

Third place playoff

Czechoslovakia 2 France 0

Final

'''Soviet Union 2 Yugoslavia 1'''. Played at Parc des Princes, Paris

Winning captain – Igor Netto

Winning manager – Gavriil Kachalin

Referee – Arthur Ellis (England)

Top scorer(s) all with 2 goals: Viktor Ponedelnik, Milan Galić, Dražan Jerković, Valentin Ivanov, François Heutte

'''1964 Spain'''

Qualifying competition

29 teams entered the 1964 European Nations' Cup. The teams played home-and-away matches until the semi-finals; the final four teams would move on to the final tournament, whose host was selected after the teams became known

England drew 1-1 with France at Hillsborough, but lost the second leg 5-2 in Paris

Luxembourg beat Netherlands, but lost to Denmark in the quarter-finals after a replay

Greece withdrew after being drawn against Albania, with whom they were still at war

Semi-finals

Spain 2 Hungary 1

Denmark 0 Soviet Union 3

Third place playoff

Hungary 3 Denmark 1

Final

'''Spain 2 Soviet Union 1'''. Played at Bernabeu Stadium, Madrid

Winning captain – Ferran Olivella

Winning manager – Jose Villalonga

Referee: Arthur Holland (England)

Top scorer(s) all with 2 goals: Jesús María Pereda, Ferenc Bene, Dezső Novák

'''1968 Italy'''

Qualifying competition

The tournament changed its name from the European Nations' Cup to the European Championship

There were some changes in the tournament's qualifying structure, with the two-legged home-and-away knock-out stage being replaced by a group phase, with eight groups. The quarter-finals were played by the group winners in two legs on a home-and-away basis

Group 8's results were formed by combining the results of the 1967 and 1968 British Home Championships

England beat Spain in the quarter-finals

Semi-finals

Italy 0 Soviet Union 0. Italy won on a coin toss

England 0 Yugoslavia 1

Third place playoff

England 2 (Charlton, Hurst) Soviet Union 0

Final

'''Italy 1 Yugoslavia 1'''. Played at Olympic Stadium, Rome

Referee: Gottfried Dienst (Switzerland)

Replay – '''Italy 2 Yugoslavia 0'''. Played at Olympic Stadium, Rome

Winning captain – Giacinto Facchetti

Winning manager – Ferruccio Valcareggi

Referee: José María Ortiz de Mendíbil (Spain)

Top scorer: Dragan Džajić (2 goals)

'''1972 Belgium'''

Qualifying competition

In the quarter-finals, England lost 3-1 at home to West Germany, with Francis Lee scoring for England. The second leg, played in Berlin, was a 0-0 draw

Semi-finals

Belgium 1 West Germany 2

Hungary 0 Soviet Union 1

Third place playoff

Belgium 2 Hungary 1

Final

'''West Germany 3 Soviet Union 0'''. Played at Heysel Stadium, Brussels

Winning captain – Franz Beckenbauer

Winning manager – Helmut Schon

Referee: Ferdinand Marschall (Austria)

Top scorer: West Germany Gerd Müller (4 goals) - two goals in the semi-final and two goals in the final

'''1976 Yugoslavia'''

Qualifying competition

The 1976 tournament in Yugoslavia was the last in which only four teams took part in the final tournament, and the last in which the hosts had to qualify

Czechoslovakia finished a point ahead of England in Group 1

Malcolm Macdonald scored five goals in a match against Cyprus

Wales won Group 2, but lost in the quarter-finals to Yugoslavia

Semi-finals

Czechoslovakia 3 Netherlands 1

Yugoslavia 2 West Germany 4

Dieter Muller scored a hat-trick for West Germany

Third place playoff

Netherlands 3 Yugoslavia 2

Final

'''Czechoslovakia 2 West Germany 2'''. Played at Marakana Stadium, Belgrade

Czechoslovakia won 5-3 on penalties

Winning captain – Anton Ondrus

Winning manager – Vaclav Jezek

Referee: Sergio Gonella (Italy)

Czechoslovakia beat West Germany in the newly introduced penalty shootout. Uli Hoeness missed, and Antonin Panenka scored the winning penalty, with an audacious chip over Sepp Maier which is now known as a “Panenka penalty”

It was the first and only time that all four matches in the final tournament were decided after extra time, either on penalties or by goals scored

Top scorer: Dieter Müller (4 goals)

'''1980 Italy'''

Qualifying competition

The competition was expanded to eight teams in the 1980 tournament, hosted by Italy for the second time. It involved a group stage, with the winners of the groups going on to contest the final, and the runners-up playing in the third place play-off

England were undefeated in Group 1, with Kevin Keegan scoring seven goals

Group stage

West Germany won Group A, with Klaus Allofs scoring a hat-trick against Netherlands

England finished third in Group B, after a 1-1 draw against Belgium, a 1-0 loss to Italy, and a 2-1 win against Spain

Third place playoff

Czechoslovakia 1 Italy 1

Czechoslovakia won 9-8 on penalties

Final

'''West Germany 2 Belgium 1''' Played at Olympic Stadium, Rome

Horst Hrubesch scored both goals for West Germany

Winning captain – Bernard Dietz

Winning manager – Jupp Derwall

Referee: Nicolae Rainea (Romania)

The official mascot was Pinocchio. First mascot in the European Championship

Top scorer: Klaus Allofs (3 goals)

'''1984 France'''

Qualifying competition

England beat Luxembourg 9-0, with Luther Blissett scoring a hat-trick

Denmark qualified after beating England 1-0 at Wembley, with Allan Simonsen scoring the winning goal

Northern Ireland failed to qualify, despite beating West Germany both home and away

Spain went into the very last match needing to beat Malta by eleven goals in order to qualify ahead of the Netherlands. Spain won the match 12-1

Group stage

Group A was won by France, with Michel Platini scoring hat-tricks against Belgium and Yugoslavia

Spain won Group B, after beating West Germany in their final match

Semi-finals

France 3 Portugal 2

This match is often considered one of the best matches in the history of the European Championship. Michel Platini scored the winning goal after 119 minutes

Spain 1 Denmark 1

Spain won 5-4 on penalties

Final

'''France 2 Spain 0'''. Played at Parc des Princes, Paris

Winning captain – Michel Platini

Winning manager – Michel Hidalgo

Referee: Vojtech Christov (Czechoslovakia)

Top scorer: Michel Platini (9 goals)

'''1988 West Germany'''

Qualifying competition

England were unbeaten in Group 4. They beat Northern Ireland both home and away, and beat Turkey 8-0 with Gary Lineker scoring a hat-trick

Group stage

In Group A, West Germany and Italy were both unbeaten

In Group B, England lost their opening match to Republic of Ireland, with Ray Houghton scoring the only goal. England then lost 3-1 to Netherlands, with Bryan Robson scoring for England, and Marco van Basten scoring a hat-trick. England lost their final match 3-1 to Soviet Union, with Tony Adams scoring the England goal. Republic of Ireland failed to qualify after losing their final match 1-0 to Netherlands

Semi-finals

West Germany 1 Netherlands 2

First time Netherlands had beaten West Germany in a competitive match

Soviet Union 2 Italy 0

Final

'''Netherlands 2 (Gullit, Van Basten) Russia 0'''. Played at Olympic Stadium, Munich

Van Basten's goal would later be described as one of the greatest goals in the history of the European Championships

Winning captain – Ruud Gullit

Winning manager – Rinus Michels

Referee: Michel Vautrot (France)

Top scorer: Marco van Basten (5 goals)

Euro 88 was a rare instance of a major football tournament ending without a single sending-off or goalless draw, nor any knockout matches going to extra time or penalties

'''1992 Sweden'''

Qualifying competition

Sweden were chosen over Spain to host the event

England qualified ahead of Republic of Ireland, with both teams being unbeaten

Scotland qualified for the finals for the first time

Germany qualified, despite losing to Wales 1-0 in Cardiff, with Ian Rush scoring the only goal

The Soviet Union qualified for the finals shortly before the break-up of the country, and took part in the tournament under the banner of the Commonwealth of Independent States

Originally, Yugoslavia qualified for the final stage, but due to the Yugoslav wars, the team was disqualified and their qualifying group's runner-up, Denmark, took part in the championship

Group stage

In Group 1, England drew 0-0 with Denmark and France, and lost 2-1 to Sweden with David Platt scoring for England and Tomas Brolin scoring the late winner for Sweden

In Group 2, Scotland lost 1-0 to Netherlands and 2-0 to Germany, then beat CIS 3-0 with goals from McStay, McClair and McAllister

Semi-finals

Sweden 2 Germany 3

Karl-Heinz Riedle scored twice for Germany

Netherlands 2 Denmark 2

Denmark won 5-4 on penalies. Van Basten was the only player to miss in the penalty shoot-out, his penalty being saved by Peter Schmeichel

Final

'''Denmark 2 (Jensen, Vilfort) Germany 0'''. Played at Ullevi, Gothenburg

Winning captain – Lars Olsen

Winning manager – Richard Moller Nielsen

Referee: Bruno Galler (Switzerland)

Top scorers: Dennis Bergkamp, Tomas Brolin, Henrik Larsen, Karl-Heinz Riedle (3 goals each)

This was the last tournament with only eight participants, the last to award the winner of a match with only two points, and the last tournament before the introduction of the back-pass rule

'''1996 England'''

Qualifying competition

This was the first European Championship to feature 16 finalists

Scotland finished second to Russia in Group 8, but qualified as one of the best runners-up

The bottom two runners-up took part in a play-off on a neutral ground to determine the final team to qualify. Netherlands defeated Republic of Ireland 2-0 at Anfield, with Patrick Kluivert scoring both goals

Group stage

The teams finishing in the top two positions in each of the four groups progressed to the quarter-finals

England 1 (Shearer) Switzerland 1

England 2 (Shearer, Gascoigne) Scotland 0

Gascoigne received the ball from Darren Anderton outside the Scotland penalty area, flicked the ball over Colin Hendry with his left foot and changed direction; Hendry was completely wrong-footed and, as the ball dropped, Gascoigne volleyed it with his right foot past Andy Goram. The goal was followed by the "dentist's chair" celebration

England 4 (Shearer (2), Sheringham (2)) Netherlands 1

Patrick Kluivert's late goal for the Netherlands secured second place in the group and ensured that Scotland would exit another major competition on goal difference

Scotland’s only goal in the tournament was scored by Ally McCoist, against Switzerland

Turkey became the first team since the introduction of a group stage to be eliminated without gaining a point or scoring a goal

Quarter-finals

England 0 Spain 0

England won 4-2 on penalties. Pearce scored, having missed a penalty against Germany in the 1990 World Cup semi-final. David Seaman saved two penalties

France 0 Netherlands 0

France won 5-4 on penalties

Clarence Seedorf was the only player to miss a penalty in the shoot-out

Germany 2 Croatia 1

Czech Republic 1 Portugal 0

Semi-finals

France 0 Czech Republic 0

Czech Republic won 6-5 on penalties

England 1 (Shearer) Germany 1 (Kuntz)

Germany won 6-5 on penalties

Shearer, Platt, Pearce, Gascoigne and Sheringham scored. Southgate missed

Andreas Moller scored the winning penalty

Final

'''Germany 2 (Bierhoff (2)) Czech Republic 1 (Berger)'''. Played at Wembley Stadium

Germany won the tournament, with a golden goal during extra time; this was the first major competition to be decided using this method. This was Germany's first major title won as a unified nation

Winning captain – Jurgen Klinsmann

Winning manager – Berti Vogts

Golden Boot – Alan Shearer (5 goals)

Player of the tournament – Matthias Sammer (Germany)

The official mascot was Goaliath, who was designed in a similar fashion to World Cup Willie

'''2000 Belgium and Netherlands'''

Qualifying competition

England finished as runners-up to Sweden in Group 5, and faced Scotland in a play-off over two legs

Scotland 0 England 2 (Scholes (2)); England 0 Scotland 1 (Hutchison)

Group stage

Portugal 3 England 2 (Scholes, McManaman)

England were 2-0 up after18 minutes

England 1 (Shearer) Germany 0

Romania 3 England 2 (Shearer, Owen); Ganea scored the winning penalty for Romania in the 89th minute

Denmark's three losses with eight goals conceded and none scored set a new record for the worst team performance in the group stages of a European Championship

Quarter-finals

Portugal 2 Turkey 0

Italy 2 Romania 0

Netherlands 6 Yugoslavia 1; Kluivert scored a hat-trick

France 2 Spain 1

Semi-finals

France 2 Portugal 1

Winning goal scored by Zidane in extra time

Italy 0 Netherlands 0; Italy won 3-1 on penalties. Jap Stam missed a penalty which was described by the BBC as "one of the worst spot kicks ever"

Final

'''France 2 (Wiltord, Trezeguet) Italy 1 (Delvecchio)'''. Played at Feyenoord Stadium, Rotterdam

France won the tournament, with a golden goal during extra time

Winning captain – Didier Deschamps

Winning manager – Roger Lemerre

Referee: Anders Frisk (Sweden)

Golden Boot – Patrick Kluivert and Savo Milosevic (5 goals)

Player of the tournament – Zinedene Zidane

'''2004 Portugal'''

Qualifying competition

England were unbeaten in their qualifying group, finishing one point ahead of Turkey

Latvia made its first appearance in a major football competition, while Greece returned to the European Championship finals after a 24-year absence

For the first time in an international football tournament, the silver goal system was applied, whereby the team that led the game at the half-time break during the extra time period would be declared the winner

Group stage

England 1 (Lampard) France 2; Zidane scored twice for France in stoppage time

England 3 (Rooney (2), Gerrard) Switzerland 0

England 4 (Rooney (2), Scholes, Lampard) Croatia 2

Germany failed to advance from the group stage for the second consecutive time

Czech Republic were the only team to win all three of their group matches

Quarter-finals

Portugal 2 England 2 (Owen, Lampard); Portugal won 6-5 on penalties

Beckham and Vassell missed in the penalty shoot-out. Portuguese goalkeeper Ricardo scored the deciding penalty

Greece 1 France 0

Netherlands 0 Sweden 0

Netherlands won 5-4 on penalties

Czech Republic 3 Denmark 0

Semi-finals

Portugal 2 Netherlands 1

Greece 1 Czech Republic 0

Traianos Dellas scored the first and only silver goal in a European Championship

Final

'''Greece 1 (Charisteas) Portugal 0'''. Played at Stadium of Light, Lisbon

Winning captain – Theodoros Zagorakis

Winning manager – Otto Rehhagel

Referee: Markus Merk (Germany)

Golden Boot – Milan Baros (5 goals)

Player of the tournament – Theodoros Zagorakis

'''2008 Austria and Switzerland'''

Qualifying competition

Croatia and Russia qualified from Group E, after England lost their final game 3-2 at home to Croatia with Petric scoring the winning goal

Northern Ireland failed to qualify, despite David Healy being the leading scorer in qualifying with 13 goals

Poland qualified for the first time

Group stage

Greece lost all three matches

Austria and Switzerland both failed to qualify, making Euro 2008 the first European Championship not to have one of the host nations present in the knockout phase

Quarter-finals

Germany 3 Portugal 2

Turkey 1 Croatia 1; Turkey won 3-1 on penalties

Spain 0 Italy 0; Spain won 4-2 on penalties

Russia 3 Netherlands 1

Semi-finals

Germany 3 Turkey 2

Spain 3 Russia 0

Final

'''Spain 1 (Torres) Germany 0''' Played at Ernst Happel Stadium, Vienna

Winning captain – Iker Casillas

Winning manager – Luis Aragones

Referee: Roberto Rosetti (Italy)

Golden Boot – David Villa (Spain) (4 goals)

Golden Ball – Xavi (Spain)

The official mascots were Trix and Flix

The match ball, manufactured by Adidas, was named the Europass

'''2012 Poland and Ukraine'''

Qualifying competition

Ukraine made their debut as an independent nation

England were unbeaten in their qualifying group, and beat Wales twice

Republic of Ireland finished as runners-up to Russia, and beat Estonia in a play-off

Group stage

England 1 (Lescott) France 1 (Nasri)

England 3 (Carroll, Walcott, Welbeck) Sweden 2; Glen Johnson scored the only own goal of the tournament

England 1 (Rooney) Ukraine 0

Ukraine were denied a goal when Dević's shot was hooked clear from behind the England goal-line by John Terry

Ashley Cole set a new record of 21 appearances in tournaments for England

Ukraine vs France match suspended due to a thunderstorm

Germany were the only team to win all three matches

Netherlands and Republic of Ireland lost all three matches

As at Euro 2008 in Austria and Switzerland, both 2012 host nations were eliminated in the group stage

Quarter-finals

England 0 Italy 0; Italy won 4-2 on penalties; Gerrard and Rooney scored penalties. Young and Cole missed penalties

Germany 4 Greece 2

Spain 2 France 0

Portugal 1 Czech Republic 0

Semi-finals

Italy 2 (Balotelli (2)) Germany 1 (Ozil)

Spain 0 Portugal 0; Spain won 4-2 on penalties

Final

'''Spain 4 (Silva, Alba, Torres, Mata) Italy 0'''. Played at Olympic Stadium, Kiev

Winning captain – Iker Casillas

Winning manager – Vicente del Bosque

Referee: Pedro Proença (Portugal)

Golden Boot – Fernando Torres (Spain) (3 goals)

Golden Ball – Andres Iniesta (Spain)

Spain became the first team to win two consecutive European Championships, and also three straight major tournaments (Euro 2008, 2010 World Cup and Euro 2012)

The official mascots were Slavek and Slavko, twins that wore the national colours of the two host nations

The match ball, manufactured by Adidas, was named the Tango 12

'''2016 France'''

Qualifying competition

France was chosen as the host nation in 2010, after a bidding process in which they beat Italy and Turkey for the right to host the finals

For the first time, the European Championship final tournament was contested by 24 teams, having been expanded from the 16-team format used since 1996. Under this new format, the finalists contested a group stage consisting of six groups of four teams, followed by a knockout stage including three rounds and the final

Five teams secured their first-ever qualification to a UEFA European Championship final tournament: Albania, Iceland, Northern Ireland, Slovakia and Wales

England won all 10 qualifying matches in Group E

Republic of Ireland beat Bosnia and Herzegovina in a play-off

Scotland were the only team from the British Isles not to qualify for the finals

Former winners Greece, Netherlands and Denmark all failed to qualify

Group stage

England 1 (Dier) Russia 1. Played in Marseilles

Russia given suspended qualification following crowd trouble during match against England

England 2 (Vardy, Sturridge) Wales 1 (Bale). Played in Lens

First time that England have won a game coming from behind in a major tournament

England 0 Slovakia 0. Played in St Etienne

Northern Ireland 2 Ukraine 0

Ireland 1 (Brady) Italy 0

Croatia 2 Spain 1. First defeat for Spain in the tournament since 2004

No teams won all their matches

Ukraine were the only team to gain no points and score no goals

Wales beat Slovakia and Russia. Gareth Bale scored in all three games

Granit Xhaka of Switzerland played against his brother Taulant Xhaka of Albania

Albania won their first ever match at a major championships, beating Romania

Iceland won their first ever match at a major championships, beating Austria

Round of 16

England 1 (Rooney) Iceland 2 (Sigurdsson, Sigthorsson). Played in Nice

Roy Hodgson resigned as England manager

Wales 1 (McAuley o.g.) Northern Ireland 0. Referee – Martin Atkinson

France 2 (Griezmann (2)) Ireland 1 (Brady)

Italy 2 Spain 0

Quarter-finals

Portugal 1 Poland 1; Portugal won 5-3 on penalties

Wales 3 (Williams, Robson-Kanu, Vokes) Belgium 1

Lukaku brothers (Jordan and Romelu) played for Belgium

Germany 1 Italy 1; Germany won 6-5 on penalties; Germany missed three penalties in shootout

France 5 Iceland 2

Semi-finals

Portugal 2 (Ronaldo, Nani) Wales 0

France 2 (Griezmann (2)) Germany 0

Final

'''Portugal 1 (Eder) France 0'''. Played at Stade de France, Saint-Denis

Winning captain – Ronaldo

Winning manager – Fernando Santos

Referee – Mark Clattenburg

Golden Boot – Antoine Griezmann (France) (6 goals)

Golden Ball – Dimitri Payet (France)

Young Player – Reanto Sanches (Portugal)

The official mascot was Super Victor, a child superhero in the kit of the France national football team, with a red cape at the back

The match ball, manufactured by Adidas, was named the Beau Jeu

'''2020 Pan-European'''

The tournament is being hosted in several nations is a one-off event to celebrate the 60th "birthday" of the European Championship competition. Wembley Stadium will host the semi-finals and final of the tournament.

Sport and Leisure/Sports Personality of the Year

2021-04-19T13:51:21Z

Admin: Created page with "The BBC Sports Personality of the Year is an awards ceremony that takes place annually in December. Devised by Paul Fox in 1954, it originally consisted of one titular award...."

The BBC Sports Personality of the Year is an awards ceremony that takes place annually in December. Devised by Paul Fox in 1954, it originally consisted of one titular award. Several new awards have been introduced, and currently[update] eight awards are presented. The oldest of these are the Team of the Year and Overseas Personality awards, which were introduced in 1960. A Lifetime Achievement Award was first given in 1995 and again in 1996, and has been presented annually since 2001. In 1999, three more awards were introduced: the Helen Rollason Award, the Coach Award, and the Newcomer Award, which was renamed to Young Sports Personality of the Year in 2001. The newest is the Unsung Hero Award, first presented in 2003. In 2003, the 50th anniversary of the show was marked by a five-part series on BBC One called ‘Simply The Best – Sports Personality’. It was presented by Gary Lineker and formed part of a public vote to determine a special Golden Sports Personality of the Year. That year Steve Rider and Martyn Smith wrote a book reflecting on the 50-year history of the award and the programme. The event was held outside London for the first time in 2006, when tickets were made available to the public.

History

The BBC's Sports Personality of the Year was created by Paul Fox, who came up with the idea while he was editor of the magazine show Sportsview. The first award ceremony took place in 1954 as part of Sportsview, and was presented by Peter Dimmock. The programme was edited by Paul Fox and produced by Dennis Monger. Held at the Savoy Hotel on 30 December 1954 as part of the established Sporting Record awards, the show lasted 45 minutes. It consisted of one titular award for the sportsperson judged by the public to have achieved the most that year. Voting was by postcard, and rules presented in a Radio Times article stipulated that nominations were restricted to athletes who had featured on the Sportsview programme since April. For the inaugural BBC Sportsperson of the Year award, 14,517 votes were cast and Christopher Chataway beat fellow athlete Roger Bannister. The following year the show was renamed Sports Review of the Year and given a longer duration of 75 minutes.

In 1960 Dimmock presented the show, and introduced two new awards: the Team of the Year award and the Overseas Personality award, won by the Cooper Car Company and athlete Herb Elliott respectively. David Coleman joined the show the following year and remained a co-presenter until 1983. Swimmer Anita Lonsbrough became the first female recipient of the main award in 1962; females won it in the following two years as well. Frank Bough took over as presenter in 1964 and presented Sports Review for 18 years. In 1969, a new Manager of the Year award was given to Don Revie for his achievements with Leeds United, the only occasion it was presented. In the following year boxer Henry Cooper became the first person to win the main award twice, having already won in 1967.

During the 1970s Bough and Coleman presided over the ceremony alongside Jimmy Hill, Cliff Morgan, Kenneth Wolstenholme, and Harry Carpenter, who also went on to present the show for much of the 1980s. Des Lynam presented from 1983, and presided over figure skating duo Torvill and Dean's win the following year, when they became the first non-individual winners of the main award. Steve Rider co-presented the 1986 show with Lynam, at which a Special Team Award was presented to Great Britain men’s 4 x 400 m relay team. In the 1980s, Steve Davis finished in the top three on five occasions, including one win in 1988. In 1991, angler Bob Nudd received the most votes following a campaign in the Angling Times. However the BBC deemed this to be against the rules and "discarded all the ballots cast on forms printed in the Angling Times", allowing athlete Liz McColgan to win the award. The following year racing driver Nigel Mansell became the second person to win the main award twice, having won his first in 1986. Sue Barker presented the show for the first time in 1994, at which racing driver Damon Hill won the first of his two awards, the second coming two years later. Boxer Frank Bruno was the inaugural winner of the Lifetime Achievement Award in 1996

In 1999 the show was renamed Sports Personality of the Year, and Gary Lineker joined the show as a co-presenter alongside Barker. Barker and Lineker were supported by John Inverdale and Clare Balding that year. The ceremony introduced a further three regular awards: Coach of the Year, Newcomer of the Year, and a Helen Rollason Award for "outstanding courage and achievement in the face of adversity". In a one-off award, boxer Muhammad Ali was voted as the Sports Personality of the Century. Leading up to the anniversary show on 14 December 2003, a series of five half-hour special programmes, entitled Simply The Best – Sports Personality, were broadcast. Hosted by Gary Lineker, the episodes were shown on BBC One for five consecutive nights during 8 – 12 December 2008; each covered one decade of Sports Personality history. At the beginning of each special programme the public could vote for a past winner. The five most popular winners were announced at the start of the anniversary ceremony as a shortlist for one of two special 50th Anniversary awards. From the shortlist, rower Steve Redgrave was voted Golden Sports Personality of the Year by the public. The England World Cup–winning team of 1966 won a Team of the Decades award, voted for by representatives from all previous Teams of the Year.

In 2006, for the first time in its 53-year history, the event was held outside London, in Birmingham's National Exhibition Centre (NEC). For the first time, tickets for the event were made available to the public, and 3,000 were sold in the first hour. That year, Adrian Chiles joined the show and co-presented alongside Barker and Lineker for two years. The 2007 ceremony was the first of a two-year sponsorship deal with Britvic's brand Robinsons, and the capacity of the NEC was increased from 5,000 to 8,000. The event sold out, but the sponsorship deal was shortened to one year after complaints by ITV and RadioCentre caused the BBC Trust to rule in June 2008 that "Editorial Guidelines were breached and the editorial integrity of the BBC compromised by giving the impression to licence fee payers via Sports Personality of the Year that part of a BBC service had been sponsored.” They decided that the 2008 awards should not be broadcast as a sponsored event, and no new sponsorship deal was negotiated after the Britvic deal expired. In February 2008, the BBC announced that the 2008 Sports Personality of the Year event would be held at the Echo Arena, Liverpool. One reason for the move to Liverpool was to allow greater numbers to view the show live, as the 10,600-seater venue in Liverpool had a bigger capacity than the NEC. That year Jake Humphrey replaced Chiles as co-presenter

Trophy

The trophy for the main award was commissioned from John Proctor of the Palace of Arts, Wembley, and cost about £1,000. It was first presented to the inaugural winner, Christopher Chataway, in 1954. It is a silver-plated four-turret lens camera, one sixth scale, with the name of each winner engraved on individual shields attached to a plinth underneath the camera. The trophy originally had one plinth, but two more were added to create room for more shields. A replica trophy was made in 1981 and sent to Australia in case Ian Botham won the award while playing cricket there – which he did. The original trophy is still used for the ceremony, and is engraved after the show before being given to the winner, who keeps it for eight or nine months. The trophies for second and third place, and for the other awards, are smaller imitations of the main trophy, but have in the past been silver salvers. For the two special awards celebrating the 50th Anniversary, and for the Sports Personality of the Century award, similar miniature trophies were presented but they were gold in colour.

Intermittent awards

Manager of the Year

1969 Don Revie Leeds Utd

Special Achievement Award

1981 Dennis Moore Blind London marathon runner

1984 Lester Piggott

1995 Lester Piggott

2006 David Walliams

2009 Eddie Izzard

International Team Award

1983 Alan Bond and the crew of Australia II

Special Team Award

1986 Men’s 4x400m relay team (Derek Redmond, Kriss Akabusi, Brian Whittle, Roger Black, Todd Bennett, and Phil Brown)

Good Sport Awards

1990 Derek Warwick, Martin Donnelly, Louise Aitken-Walker, Tina Thorner All involved in motor racing accidents

Sports Personality of the Century Award

1999 Muhammad Ali Muhammad Ali accumulated more votes from BBC viewers than the combined total of George Best, Pele, Donald Bradman, Jack Nicklaus, and Jesse Owens

Special Gold Award

2005 Sebastian Coe For chairing London's winning bid for the 2012 Olympics

Golden Sports Personality of the Year (50th anniversary award)

2003 Steve Redgrave Shortlist – Redgrave, Botham, Beckham, Moore, Torvill and Dean

Team of the Decades (50th anniversary award)

2003 England 1966 World Cup team

Diamond Award

2013 Alex Ferguson

Venues

1954 – 1956 Savoy Hotel

1957 – 1958 Grosvenor House Hotel

1959, 1965 – 1976 BBC Television Theatre

1960 – 1964, 1978 – 1988, 1999 – 2005 BBC Television Centre

1977 New London Theatre

1998 – 1999 Queen Elizabeth II Conference Centre

2006 – 2007 National Exhibition Centre

2008 Echo Arena, Liverpool

2009 Sheffield Arena

2010 LG Arena, Birmingham

2011 MediaCityUK

2012 ExCeL

2013 First Direct Arena, Leeds

2014 SSE Hydro, Glasgow

2015 Odyssey Arena, Belfast

'''1954'''

1st Chris Chataway

2nd Roger Bannister

3rd Pat Smythe

The location was the Lancaster Room in the Savoy Hotel. It was expected that Bannister would win, having broken the four minute barrier for the mile – but the coverage was screened a day late and was shot by a single camera. A few weeks before viewers were asked to make their decision, Chataway had beaten Vladimir Kuts at White City, and taken five seconds off the world 5000m record.

A total of 14517 votes were cast, and more than a third went to Chataway. Eligibility for the award was restricted to sportsmen or women since its launch in April 1954. Stanley Matthews was fourth, Geoff Duke was fifth, and Billy Wright was sixth.

'''1955'''

1st Gordon Pirie

No record of the second and third place winners survives

The show had grown from 45 to 75 minutes and Peter Dimmock was joined by Max Robertson. Len Martin provided the ‘newsreel voice’.

Gordon Pirie has beaten Zatopek in a 10000m race, which prompted people to vote for him. When he collected his award, he expressed his surprise at winning, then made a speech criticising sports journalists. Other leading contenders were Donald Campbell, Peter May, Don Cockell and Stirling Moss

'''1956'''

1st Jim Laker

No record of the second and third place winners survives

The show took place on 9 January, 1957, the only time the programme wasn’t held in the year that it celebrated. This was because the Daily Express had purchased the Sportsman and Sportswoman of the Year awards from the Sporting Record and was unable to organise the event until January

At the end of the programme Peter Dimmock announced that the top names in rthe voting were Chris Brasher, Donald Campbell, Bert Trautmann, Peter May and Jim Laker. However, the final order was never confirmed.

The BBC was unable to use any of the footage from the Olympic Games due to a dispute

'''1957'''

1st Dai Rees

No record of the second and third place winners survives

The programme was switched to the Great Room at the Grosvenor House. Bryan Cowgill took over as producer.

The programme ended with a dramatic flourish and a fanfare by four trumpeters from the Royal Military School of Music before the toastmaster, John Mills, announced the arrival of the Ryder Cup team onto the stage. Peter Dimmock presented the award to Dai Rees, who was the first Welsh winner and the oldest winner (aged 44)

Rees had inspired Great Britani and Ireland to their first Ryder Cup win since 1935, in the match played at Lindrick in Yorkshire

'''1958'''

1st Ian Black

2nd Bobby Charlton

3rd Nat Lofthouse

Black was the first Scottish winner and the youngest winner (aged 17). He had won three gold medals in the European Championships, as well as gold and two silvers at the Empire Games

'''1959'''

1st John Surtees

2nd Bobby Charlton

3rd Ian Black

The programme moved to the Television Theatre in Shepherd’s Bush, and broke away from the Daily Express awards. With a full stage to work with, the production team brought in cars and props.

David Coleman appeared for the first time. Jack Brabham pushed his car into the studio, recreating the moment when his car ran out of petrol on the last lap in the final race of the season in Florida.

John Surtees won both the 350cc and 500cc world titles, and retained both titles in 1960

'''1960'''

1st David Broome

2nd Don Thompson

3rd Anita Lonsbrough

Overseas – Herb Elliott

Team – Cooper Motor Racing

Peter Dimmock announced the introduction of two new trophies: the International award and the Team of the Year award.

David Coleman interviewed Beryl Burton, “You’ve also got a job, you’re a housewife and you’ve got a child”. Burton replied that she would turn professional if she was offered £20 a week and a pound a week.

As Broome wanted to be handed the trophy, his horse, Sunsalve, was brought into the studio.

The Cooper team had taken Jack Brabham to the World Championship for the second time. His team mate Bruce McLaren was runner-up. Real Madrid beat Eintracht Frankfurt 7-3 in the European Cup final, but they were not candidates for what was purely a domestic team award in the gift of Paul Fox.

The Sports Review music was first used in 1960. It is called ‘Pioneer Trail’ and was composed by Charles Williams and played by the Melody Light Orchestra.

On the day the show was broadcast (14 December) West Indies and Australia took part in the first Test match to end in a tie.

'''1961'''

1st Stirling Moss

2nd Billy Walker

3rd Angela Mortimer

Overseas – Valery Brumel

Team – Tottenham Hotspur

Harry Carpenter made his first studio appearance on the show. Peter West was a co-presenter for the first time.

Moss was presented with his award by Sir Stanley Rous.

Brumel set a new world record in the high jump of 7’ 4 ½”

Spurs won the double, captained by Danny Blanchflower and managed by Bill Nicholson

'''1962'''

1st Anita Lonsbrough

2nd Dorothy Hyman

3rd Linda Ludgrove

Overseas – Donald Jackson

Team – BRM

Lonsbrough won three Empire and one European gold, and set two world records. First woman to win. Only occasion when sportswomen have filled the top three places.

Linda Ludgrove won two backstroke golds at the Empire Games in Perth.

Graham Hill won the world championship, and his BRM team won the Team of the Year award.

Donald Jackson was a Canadian figure skater. Alan Weeks presented him with the award at Streatham ice rink.

'''1963'''

1st Dorothy Hyman

2nd Bobby McGregor

3rd Jim Clark

Overseas – Jacques Anquetil

Team – West Indies cricket

Alun Williams interviewed the All Blacks in Cardiff. Frank Windsor voiced a film focusing on the problems that football was facing.

Dorothy Hyman won two medals in Rome, and won another in Tokyo. Learie Constantine presented the trophy

Bobbie McGregor became the first Briton to hold a world sprint record

Jim Clark was world champion in 1963

West Indies captain Frank Worrell flew in to collect the team award

'''1964'''

1st Mary Rand

2nd Barry Briggs

3rd Ann Packer

Overseas – Abele Bikila

Team – England youth football

Frank Bough succeeded Peter Dimmock as the main presenter. Len Martin introduced Britain’s five gold medalists, who were standing in giant rings at the back of the set. Harry Carpenter interviewed boxers in a mock gym. Fred Trueman was in a gloomy mood when interviewed by Peter West, as he had been omitted from the squad to tour South Africa.

Lord Mounbatten made the presentation as the trumpeters played ‘Tokyo Melody’

Mary Rand won gold in the long jump, silver in the pentathlon and bronze in the 4x100m relay at the Olympics

Barry Briggs was world speedway champion

Ann Packer won gold in the 800m and silver in the 400m at the Olympics

Abebe Bikila was presented with his award by Haile Selassie

The England youth squad successfully defended the Youth World Cup. Stanley Rous presented the trophy

A wedding cake was presented to Ann Packer and Robbie Brightwell

'''1965'''

1st Tommy Simpson

2nd Jim Clark

3rd Marion Coakes

Overseas – Ron Clarke and Gary Player

Team – West Ham

First programme featuring Graham Hill chatting to Jackie Stewart

Tommy Simpson was Britain’s first ever road race world champion. Died in 1967

Jim Clark won the world championship

Marion Coakes, aged 18, won the World Championship, on Stroller

The Overseas awartd was shared for the first time

West Ham beat Munich 1860 in the European Cup Winners’ Cup final at Wembley

First programme edited by Alan Hart, who remained at the helm for 12 shows

'''1966'''

1st Bobby Moore

2nd Barry Briggs

3rd Geoff Hurst

Overseas – Eusebio and Gary Sobers

Team – England football

Barry Briggs won his fourth world title

Bobby Moore became the first person to win both the individual and team awards. Steve Redgrave is the only other person to have collected both in the same year

The Team award was presented to Alf Ramsey by Helmet Schoen, the manager of West Germany

Eusebio won the Golden Boot for scoring nine goals in the World Cup

Gary Sobers averaged 103 in the Test series against England

'''1967'''

1st Henry Cooper

2nd Beryl Burton

3rd Harvey Smith

Team – Celtic

Overseas – George Moore

Cooper defended his British and Commonwealth titles, defeating Jack Bodell and Billy Walker

Harvey Smith was in the studio with Harvester

Francis Chichester presented the main award

Matt Busby presented Jock Stein with the Team award

Australian jockey George Moore rode 72 winners, including Royal Palace in the Derby. At 44 he was the oldest winner of the award, which was presented to him in Sydney by Bobbie Simpson

'''1968'''

1st David Hemery

2nd Graham Hill

3rd Marion Coakes

Team – Man Utd

Overseas – Oleg Protopopov and Ludmila Belousova

As in 1964, the five gold medalists stood in giant Olympic rings. Alongside them stood David Hemery.

Ron Clarke presented the trophy to Hemery

Graham Hill won his second World Championship

Marion Coakes won a silver medal on Stroller

Jack Charlton presented the Team award to Bobby

Protopopov and Belousova were the first married couple to receive an award. They won the Olympic pairs ice skating title in 1964 and 1968, as well as four successive world championships from 1965

'''1969'''

1st Ann Jones

2nd Tony Jacklin

3rd George Best

Team – Women’s 4x400m relay, Ryder Cup

Overseas – Rod Laver

Manager – Don Revie

Ann Jones also won the Wimbledon mixed doubles (with Fred Stolle). Trophy presented by Princess Alexandra

Tony Jacklin won the Open at Lytham

Team award shared for the first time. Relay team of Pat Lowe, Rosemary Stirling, Janet Simpson and Lillian Board won the European Championships in Athens

Ryder Cup team drew with America, following Nicklaus’s conceded putt at Royal Birkdale

Rod Laver won his second Grand Slam

Don Revie won a special Manager of the Year award, a tiny replica camera trophy

'''1970'''

1st Henry Cooper

2nd Tony Jacklin

3rd Bobby Moore

Team – Vincent O’Brien, Lester Piggott and Nijinsky

Overseas – Pele

Cooper became the first person to win the main award twice

Jacklin became the first British player to win the US Open

Nijinsky won the Derby, 2000 Guineas, St Leger and the King George. Trophy presented by Lord Wigg. Nijinsky had been retired to stud in America

'''1971'''

1st Princess Anne

2nd George Best

3rd Barry John

Team – British Lions

Overseas – Lee Trevino

Princess Anne won both the team and individual golds on Doublet at the European Three-day Event Championship at Burghley. Henry Cooper presented the trophy

The Lions won the series in New Zealand, captained by John Dawes and managed by Dr Doug Smith

Lee Trevino won the 100th Open Championship at Royal Birkdale

This was the last time that Peter Dimmock announced the overall winner. He had done so for all 18 years, as well as presenting the first ten programmes

'''1972'''

1st Mary Peters

2nd Gordon Banks

3rd Richard Meade

Team – Three-day event team

Overseas – Olga Korbut

Mary Peters collected the trophy from Princess Anne, and remarked ‘hasn’t she kept it nice!’

Richard Meade won the individual gold medal on Laurieston

The gold medal winning team was Richard Meade, Mark Phillips, Mary Gordon-Watson and Bridget Parker. Trophy presented by Roger Bannister

Olga Korbut was aged 17, and won gold on the beam and the floor, as well as with the USSR team. Korbut was the first woman to win the Overseas award outright

Harry Carpenter interviewed Ali, who was in an NBC studio in New York. Ali said Harry was ‘not as dumb as he looked’

'''1973'''

1st Jackie Stewart

2nd Roger Taylor

3rd Paddy McMahon

Team – Sunderland

Overseas – Muhammad Ali

Jackie Stewart won his third world championship, and retired at the end of the year

Roger Taylor reached the Wimbledon semi-finals, in the year of the boycott

Paddy McMahon won at the European Championships at Hickstead

Muhammad Ali wins the first of his three awards, presented by James J Braddock

'''1974'''

1st Brendan Foster

2nd John Conteh

3rd Willie John McBride

Team – British Lions

Overseas – Muhammad Ali

Foster won the 5000m at the European Championships, and was second in the 5000m at the Commonwealth Games in New Zealand

Conteh became the first British light-heavyweight champion for 25 years, beating the Argentinian Jorge Ahumada

McBride captained the Lions to a 3-0 series win in South Africa

Don Revie presented the Lions with the Team award

Ali beat Frasier, and then beat Foreman in the ‘rumble in the jungle’

Roger Mills received his medal for the 20km walk at the European Championships during Sports Review, as the bronze medalist was later disqualified

'''1975'''

1st David Steele

2nd Alan Pascoe

3rd David Wilkie

Team – Men’s swimming team

Overseas – Arthur Ashe

Steele scored 365 runs in 6 innings in the Ashes series, including a top score of 92

Pascoe won 22 of his 23 races in 1975

Wilkie won two world swimming golds and Brian Brinkley won six ASA titles. Britain were the second strongest team in the world, behind USA. The award was presented by Chris Bonnington

Ashe was the first black male to win Wimbledon, beating Connors in the final

'''1976'''

1st John Curry

2nd James Hunt

3rd David Wilkie

Team – British modern pentathlon team

Overseas – Nadia Comaneci

Jimmy Hill joined Frank Bough and Harry Carpenter for the first time

John Curry became the first British figure skater to win Olympic gold

James Hunt won his first and only world title

David Wilkie won gold in the 200m breaststroke, and silver in the 100m breaststroke

Modern pentathlon team of Adrian Parker, Jeremy Fox and Robert Nightingale won gold, and the Soviet team was disqualified after Boris Onischenko’s epee was found to be recording illegal hits

Nadia Comaneci won three golds, one silver and a bronze

'''1977'''

1st Virginia Wade

2nd Geoff Boycott

3rd Barry Sheene

Team – Liverpool

Overseas – Niki Lauda

The programme moved to the New London Theatre in Drury Lane. Martin Hopkins began a long run as programme producer

Wade had also won the 1968 US and Australian Open titles. Trophy presented by Prince Michael of Kent

Boycott returned after three years of self-imposed exile, and scored his hundredth first class century in the Headingley Ashes Test

Barry Sheene was 500cc world champion for the second successive year

Liverpool beat Borussia Monchengladbach in the European Cup final. Only football team to have won the Team award three times

Niki Lauda won the world championship, a year after his near-fatal accident, for Ferrari

Red Rum was in the studio and pricked up its ears when it heard Tommy Stack’s voice

'''1978'''

1st Steve Ovett

2nd Daley Thompson

3rd Ian Botham

Team – British men’s and women’s tennis

Overseas – Muhammad Ali

Programme held at BBC Television Centre for the first time

Ovett won the European 1500m title. He was presented with the award by Prince Charles, but Ovett’s speech was never heard as the programme ran out of time

Thompson had won gold in the Commonwealth Games in Edmonton

Botham made 108 and took 8-34 against Pakistan at Lords

Paul Hutchins captained the men’s team to a semi-final win over Australia in the Davis Cup, and captained the women’s team to a Wightman Cup victory over the USA

Muhammad Ali won the Overseas award for a third time, after regaining the title from Leon Spinks

'''1979'''

1st Sebastian Coe

2nd Ian Botham

3rd Kevin Keegan

Team – British show jumping

Overseas – Bjorn Borg

Coe broke the world records for the 800m, the mile and the 1500m

Botham completed the fastest double (1000 runs and 100 wickets) in Test cricket, reaching it in just 21 matches

Keegan was European Player of the Year, playing for SV Hamburg

The show jumping team of Caroline Bradley, Malcolm Pyrah, Derek Ricketts and David Broome won the European Championships

Borg won Wimbledon for the fourth consecutive year, beating Roscoe Tanner in the final

'''1980'''

1st Robin Cousins

2nd Sebastian Coe

3rd Daley Thompson

Team – England rugby union

Overseas – Jack Nicklaus

Cousins won the Olympic figure skating title in Lake Placid

Coe won the Olympic 1500m and took silver in the 800m

Thompson won gold in the decathlon

England won the Grand Slam for the first time in 23 years. This was a rare team win by non-Olympic team in an Olympic year

Nicklaus won the US Open and PGA, and received the trophy from Sam Sneed

'''1981'''

1st Ian Botham

2nd Steve Davis

3rd Sebastian Coe

Team – Bob Champion and Aldaniti

Overseas – Chris Evert Lloyd

Special award – Dennis Moore

Botham scored 149 at Headingley and 118 at Old Trafford. Trophy presented by Douglas Bader

Davis won his first World Championship, beating Doug Mountjoy

Coe twice lowered the record time for the mile

Aldaniti was trained by Josh Gifford

Evert won her third, and last, Wimbledon singles title, beating Hana Mandlikova

Dennis Moore, who had been blind since birth, ran the London marathon. In recognition of this achievement, and to mark the Year of the Disabled, Jimmy Saville prersented him with a special Award

'''1982'''

1st Daley Thompson

2nd Alex Higgins

3rd Steve Cram

Team – Torvill and Dean

Overseas – Jimmy Connors

Thompson won gold at the Commonwealth Games in Brisbane, and the European Championships in Athens. Trophy presented by Gary Sobers

Higgins won his second world title, beating Ray Reardon

Cram won the 1500m at Brisbane and Athens

Torvill and Dean won the World Championships with their ‘Mack and Mabel’ routine

Connors beat McEnroe to win his second Wimbledon, and also won the US Open

'''1983'''

1st Steve Cram

2nd Torvill and Dean

3rd Daley Thompson

Team – Torvill and Dean

Overseas – Carl Lewis

International Team – Alan Bond and the crew of Australia II

Des Lynam took over as main presenter, a job he kept for 16 years

Cram won the 1500m in the first ever World Championships, held in Helsinki

Torvill and Dean won the World Championship with their ‘Barnum’ routine

Thompson won gold in the decathlon at the World Championships

Carl Lewis won the 100m and long jump at the World Championships

Torvill and Dean became the first winners of the Team award in successive years

Alan Bond won the Americas Cup, after the USA had held it for 132 years, and won the Special award for International Team

For the first time there were silver plates for the second and third placed personalities

Richard Noble was in the studio with Thrust II, which had reached 633 mph

Frank Bruno appeared on the programme for the first time

'''1984'''

1st Torvill and Dean

2nd Sebastian Coe

3rd Steve Davis

Team – British hockey squad

Overseas – Seve Ballesteros

Special award – Lester Piggott

Torvill and Dean won Olympic gold in Sarajevo with their ‘Bolero’ routine. Elton John presented the award

Coe won Olympic gold in the 1500m

Davis won his third world title, beating Jimmy White in the final

The British hockey team won Olympic bronze

Ballesteros won The Open at St Andrews. Tony Jacklin presented the award

Lester Piggott won a Special award, having ridden to a record 28th classic success on Commanche Run in the St Leger

'''1985'''

1st Barry McGuigan

2nd Ian Botham

3rd Steve Cram

Team – Ryder Cup

Oversea – Boris Becker

McGuigan won the WBA featherweight title against Eusebio Pedroza at Loftus Road

Botham was in the England team that retained the Ashes under David Gower

Cram broke 1500m, mile and 2000m world records in the space of 19 days

Europe’s golfers won the Ryder Cup for the first time since 1957. Sam Torrance made the winning putt. Henry Cotton presented the trophy

Becker won Wimbledon at the age of 17, beating Kevin Curren in the final

'''1986'''

1st Nigel Mansell

2nd Fatima Whitbread

3rd Kenny Dalglish

Team – Liverpool

Overseas – Greg Norman

Special Team – British men’s 4x400m relay squad

Steve Rider presented the programme with Des Lynam for the first time

Mansell lost the world title when his left rear tyre exploded in Adelaide, driving for Williams

Whitbread won the European Championships with a world record throw of over 77m

Dalglish played in the double-winning team

Greg Norman won his first Open, at Turnberry

The relay squad (Derek Redmond, Kriss Akabusi, Brian Whittle, Roger Black, Todd Bennett, and Phil Brown) won gold at the European Championships. Brian Whittle ran the last leg in just one shoe

Ballyregan Bob became the first dog to appear in the studio

'''1987'''

1st Fatima Whitbread

2nd Steve Davis

3rd Ian Woosnam

Team – European Ryder Cup

Overseas – Martina Navratilova

Whitbread won Britain’s only gold medal at the World Championships in Rome

Steve Davis won his fourth world title

Ian Woosnam had the richest season ever in golf, winning eight tournaments and $1.8 million

Ryder Cup team won on American soil for the first time in 60 years, at Muirfield. Tony Jacklin was captain, and Eamonn Darcy holed the winning putt

Navratilova won her eight Wimbledon, and was presented with the award by Chris Evert

Money was raised for Jonjo O’Neill’s cancer charity in a golf simulator in the studio

'''1988'''

1st Steve Davis

2nd Adrian Moorhouse

3rd Sandy Lyle

Team – British hockey squad

Overseas – Steffi Graf

Davis beat Griffiths to win his fifth world title

Moorhouse emulated Duncan Goodhew eight years earlier by winning the 100m breaststroke at the Olympics

Lyle became the first British winner of the Master

The hockey beat Germany to win Britain’s first ever hockey gold. Captained by Richard Dodds. Barry Davis – ‘Where were the Germans? And frankly who cares?’

Graf won the Grand Slam and the Olympic title. Award presented by Fred Perry

Malcolm Cooper and Alistair Allan, who had won gold and silver in the small bore rifle, were persuaded to take part in a studio-based duck-shooting competition

'''1989'''

1st Nick Faldo

2nd Frank Bruno

3rd Steve Davis

Team – British men’s athletics

Overseas – Mike Tyson

The programme moved to the Queen Elizabeth II Conference Centre in Westminster

Faldo won the Masters

Bruno fought Tyson in Las Vegas, but lost in the fifth round

Davis finished in the top three for the fifth time

Britain won the Europa Cup at Gateshead, and came third in the World Cup final in Barcelona. The award was presented by Gordon Pirie

Tyson was the undisputed heavyweight champion

Gary Lineker and Frank Bruno won a special game of table football in the studio stunt

The first telephone poll to identify the sporting moment of the decade finished in a tie between Liverpool (1986 double) and Daley Thompson (1983 World Championships)

'''1990'''

1st Paul Gascoigne

2nd Stephen Hendry

3rd Graham Gooch

Team – Scotland rugby union

Overseas – Mel Meninga

Good Sport – Derek Warwick, Martin Donnelly, Louise Aitken-Walker and co-driver Tina Thorner

New editor John Phillips decided to look back at the sporting year in monthly film packages, rather than the traditional sport by sport basis

Hendry won his first world title, aged 21, beating Jimmy White

Gooch scored 333 and 123 against India at Lords

Scotland beat England in the Grand Slam, decider. Winning try scored by Tony Stanger. Trophy presented by Bill McLaren

Mel Meninga captained Australia to a Test series win over England

The racing drivers who won the special Good Sport of the Year award were all involved in bad crashes

'''1991'''

1st Liz McColgan

2nd Will Carling

3rd Gary Lineker

Team winner 1 – British men’s 4x400m relay

Team winner 2 – England rugby union

Overseas – Mike Powell

New editor Brian Barwick returned to the traditional formula

McColgan won the 10000m at the World Championships in Tokyo

Carling led England to a Grand Slam and a World Cup final, where they lost to Australia.

Relay squad of Redmond, Black, Regis and Akabusi won gold at the World Championships

Team award presented by David Campese

Powell broke Beamon’s world record, with a jump of 8.95m at the World Championships. Trophy presented by Lynn Davies

Bob Nudd received the most votes following a campaign in the Angling Times. However the BBC deemed this to be against the rules and ‘discarded all the ballots cast on forms printed in the Angling Times’

'''1992'''

1st Nigel Mansell

2nd Linford Christie

3rd Sally Gunnell

Team – British rowing

Overseas – Andre Agassi

Mansell won the world title, driving for Williams

Christie won the 100m gold at the Barcelona Olympics

Gunnell won the 400m hurdles gold

In a studio stunt, Redgrave beat Pinsent and the Searle brothers in a rowing contest

Agassi beat Ivanisevic in the Wimbledon final

'''1993'''

1st Linford Christie

2nd Sally Gunnell

3rd Nigel Mansell

Team – England rugby union

Overseas – Greg Norman

Christie and Gunnell both won gold in the World Championships held in Stuttgart

Nigel Mansell won the Indycar Championship, racing for Paul Newman

England beat the All Blacks

Greg Norman won the Open at Royal St Georges

Des Lynam appeared in the Grand National starter’s outfit of black bowler, brown raincoat and red flag. Keith Brown was the starter of the National that never was

'''1994'''

1st Damon Hill

2nd Sally Gunnell

3rd Colin Jackson

Team – Wigan

Overseas – Brian Lara

Special award – Lester Piggott

Sue Barker presented the programme for the first time

Damon Hill finished second in the world championship to Michael Schumacher. Trophy presented by Chris Chataway

Gunnell and Jackson won gold at the European Championships in Helsinki

Wigan won the Treble and the World Club Challenge

Lara scored 375 against England in Antigua and 501 for Warwicks against Durham. Trophy presented by Gary Sobers

Piggott won his second Special award, aged 60. Presented by Peter O’Sullevan

'''1995'''

1st Jonathan Edwards

2nd Frank Bruno

3rd Colin McRae

Team – Ryder Cup

Overseas – Jonah Lomu

Edwards won gold and broke the world record at the World Championships in Gothenburg

Bruno beat Oliver McCall at Wembley to win the WBC heavyweight title

Colin McRae became the first Briton and the youngest to win the World Rally Championship Drivers' title, aged 27, driving a Subaru

Ryder Cup team, captained by Bernard Gallagher, won at Oak Hill

Lomu scored four tries against England in the World Cup semi-final. First rugby player and first New Zealander to win the award

An unsuccessful attempt to break the world standing long jump record was made in the studio

'''1996'''

1st Damon Hill

2nd Steve Redgrave

3rd Frankie Dettori

Team – Redgrave and Pinsent

Overseas 1 – Evander Holyfield

Overseas 2 – Michael Johnson

Lifetime Achievement – Frank Bruno

Damon Hill won the world title, and won the award for the second time. Only Cooper and Mansell have also been double winners

Redgrave and Pinsent won the coxless pairs at the Atlanta Olympics, giving Redgrave his fourth gold medal. Ann Redgrave presented the team award

Frankie Dettori rode seven winners in a day at Ascot

Holyfield held versions of the world heavyweight title on four separate occasions. In 1996 he defeated Mike Tyson. Frank Bruno presented the award

Michael Johnson became the first man to complete the 200m and 400m double at the same games, and set a 200m world record of 19.32 seconds

Bruno retired after losing to Tyson in Las Vegas

After 20 years at the helm, this was the final show for producer Martin Hopkins

'''1997'''

1st Greg Rusedski

2nd Tim Henman

3rd Steve Redgrave

Team – British Lions

Overseas – Martina Hingis

Lifetime Achievement – Seve Ballesteros

Rusedski became the first British player to reach the US Open final for 61 years. He was beaten by Pat Rafter

Henman won his first title, in Sydney. Henman and Rusedski both reached the quarter-finals

Lions won in South Africa thanks to Guscott’s drop goal in Durban. Willie John McBride presented the award

Hingis beat Novotna at Wimbledon to become the youngest winner of the century, aged 16

Ballesteros captained the Ryder Cup team in Valderrama. Colin Montgomerie presented the award

Andy Green’s land speed record-breaking Thrust SS6 (714 mph in the Black Rock Desert, Nevada) was parked outside the conference centre

'''1998'''

1st Michael Owen

2nd Denise Lewis

3rd Iwan Thomas

Team – Arsenal

Overseas – Mark O’Meara

Editor Dave Gordon instigated the first ever telephone poll. Calls cost 10p

This was the final show presented by Des Lynam

Michael Owen scored against Argentina in the World Cup, and at 19, was the second youngest winner of the trophy

Denise Lewis won gold at the Commonwealth Games in Kuala Lumpur and the European Championships in Budapest

Iwan Thomas won gold in the 400m at the Commonwealth Games and the European Championships

Arsenal won the double

Mark O’Meara won the Masters and the Open at Royal Birkdale, aged 41

'''1999'''

1st Lennox Lewis

2nd David Beckham

3rd Colin Jackson

Team – Man Utd

Overseas – Maurice Greene

Coach – Alex Ferguson

Helen Rollason award, awarded to someone who has shown ‘outstanding achievement in the face of adversity’ – Jenny Pitman

Newcomer – Dean Macey

Sports Personality of the Century – Muhammad Ali

The programme moved to the BBC Television Centre, and set out to review a century of sporting achievement. Clare Balding and John Inverdale joined the team of presenters. The name of the show changed from ‘Sports Review of the Year’ to ‘Sports Personality of the Year’. Philip Bernie took over as editor

Lewis defeated Holyfield to become undisputed champion

Jackson won gold in the 110m hurdles at the World Championships in Seville

Greene broke the 100m world record and won all three sprint golds at the World Championships

Ferguson was presented with the trophy by Seve Ballesteros

Jenny Pitman had overcome cancer and was presented with the award by Helen Rollason’s daughter, Nicky

Macey won silver in the decathlon at the World Championships

Muhammad Ali was interviewed by Harry Carpenter. Holyfield presented the trophy

'''2000'''

1st Steve Redgrave

2nd Denise Lewis

3rd Tanni Grey-Thompson

Team – British Olympic and Paralympic teams

Overseas – Tiger Woods

Coach – Jurgen Grobler

Helen Rollason award – Tanni Grey-Thompson

Newcomer – Jenson Button

Redgrave won his fifth Olympic gold. Third individual and third team award

Denise Lewis won Olympic gold in the heptathlon

Tanni Grey-Thompson won four golds at the Paralympics

Britain won 28 medals at the Olympics, including 11 gold, and 131 medals at the Paralympics

Tiger Woods won the Open at St Andrews, the US Open and the PGA

Jurgen Grobler coached the coxless four

Jenson Button made his F1 debut for Williams

'''2001'''

1st David Beckham

2nd Ellen MacArthur

3rd Michael Owen

Team – Liverpool

Overseas – Goran Ivanisevic

Coach – Sven Goran Eriksson

Helen Rollason award – Ellen MacArthur

Young Sports Personality (replaced the Newcomer award) – Amy Spencer

Lifetime Achievement (established as a permanent category) – Alex Ferguson

Beckham scored with a free kick against Greece to ensure qualification for World Cup

Ellen MacArthur sailed round the world in Kingfisher

Michael Own scored a hat-trick in 5-1 win over Germany

Liverpool won five trophies, managed by Gerard Houllier

Goran Ivanisevic won Wimbledon, beating Pat Rafter in the final. Trophy presented by Boris Becker

Eriksson was presented with the award by Bobby Charlton

Amy Spencer was a 16-year-old sprinter

'''2002'''

1st Paula Radcliffe

2nd David Beckham

3rd Tony McCoy

Team – Ryder Cup

Overseas – Ronaldo

Coach – Arsene Wenger

Helen Rollason award – Jane Tomlinson

Young Sports Personality – Wayne Rooney

Lifetime Achievement – George Best

For the first time the voting figures were announced. Paula Radcliffe received over 600000 votes

Paula Radcliffe broke her own world record in the London marathon

Tony McCoy passed Richard Dunwoody’s record of National Hunt winners

Europe, captained by Sam Torrance, won the Ryder Cup at The Belfry. Moved from 2001 following 9/11 attacks

Arsene Wenger managed Arsenal to their second double in five years

Jane Tomlinson ran the London marathon and a triathlon

Wayne Rooney, aged 17, received the trophy from Eriksson, who had already capped him

George Best received the trophy from Bobby Charlton

'''2003'''

1st Jonny Wilkinson

2nd Martin Johnson

3rd Paula Radcliffe

Team – England rugby union

Overseas – Lance Armstrong

Coach – Clive Woodward

Helen Rollason award – Michael Watson

Young Sports Personality – Kate Haywood

Lifetime Achievement – Martina Navratilova

Unsung Hero – Nobby Woodcock

Golden Sports Personality – Steve Redgrave

Team of the Decades – England 1966 football team. Also known as the Golden Team award

Wilkinson was the first rugby union player to win the award, presented by the Princess Royal

England won the rugby union World Cup

Lance Armstrong won the Tour de France for the fifth year in succession

Michael Watson completed the London marathon despite having been told he may never walk again, as a result of near-fatal injury sustained in a WBO super-middleweight title fight defeat by Chris Eubank in 1991

Kate Haywood was the youngest ever swimmer to represent England at the 2002 Commonwealth Games, aged 15

The inaugural winner of the Unsung Hero award was 63-year-old Nobby Woodcock, for ‘his unstinting work with grassroots football in Wales’

To celebrate the golden anniversary of the show, a special award was voted for by the public to recognise an all-time Golden Sports Personality from the previous winners of the last 49 years. The show was preceded every evening of the preceding week by a programme called ‘Simply The Best’, in which the merits are considered of each decade's past winners

'''2004'''

1st Kelly Holmes

2nd Matthew Pinsent

3rd Andrew Flintoff

Team – Olympic men’s coxless four

Overseas – Roger Federer

Coach – Arsene Wenger

Helen Rollason award – Kirsty Howard

Young Sports Personality – Andy Murray

Lifetime Achievement – Ian Botham

Unsung Hero – Abdullah Ben-Kmayal

Holmes was the first black woman to win

Pinsent won his fourth Olympic gold

Rowing four – Matthew Pinsent, James Cracknell, Ed Coode and Steve Williams

Kirsty Howard won the award for raising money for poorly children in Francis House hospice through Kirsty's Appeal, despite having an inoperable heart condition

Federer won three Grand Slam events. Trophy presented by Tim Henman

Arsenal were unbeaten in the Premire League

Murray won the US Open boy’s singles title. Trophy presented by Boris Becker

Botham was presented with the trophy by Viv Richards

'''2005'''

1st Andrew Flintoff

2nd Ellen MacArthur

3rd Steven Gerrard

Team – England cricket

Overseas – Shane Warne

Coach – Jose Mourinho

Helen Rollason award – Geoff Thomas

Young Sports Personality – Harry Aikines-Aryeetey

Lifetime Achievement – Pele

Unsung Hero – Trevor Collins

Special Gold Award – Sebastian Coe

England regained the Ashes for the first time in 18 years. Botham presented the award in Lahore

Ellen MacArthur broke the solo record for sailing non-stop around the world in 2004 and was made a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 2005

Vaughan accepted the Team award

Warne took 40 wickets in the Ashes series

Mourinho managed Chelsea to their first title in 50 years

Geoff Thomas won for raising ‘more than £150,000 for the Leukaemia Research charity’ by cycling

Harry Aikines-Aryeetey won for becoming the "first sprinter in the six-year history of the IAAF World Youth Championships to win gold in both the 100m and 200m’

Sebastian Coe received a Special Gold Award for chairing London's winning bid for the 2012 Olympics

'''2006'''

1st Zara Phillips

2nd Darren Clarke

3rd Beth Tweddle

Team – St Helens

Overseas – Roger Federer

Coach – Daniel Anderson

Helen Rollason award – Paul Hunter

Young Sports Personality – Theo Walcott

Lifetime Achievement – Bjorn Borg

Unsung Hero – Val Hanover

Special Award – David Walliams

Held at the NEC – the first time the event had been held outside London. For the first time, tickets for the event were made available to the public, and 3,000 were sold in the first hour. Adrian Chiles joined the show and co-presented alongside Barker and Lineker for two years

Zara Phillips won the individual gold on Toytown in the three-day eventing competition at the World Equestrian Games in Aachen

Darren Clarke lost his wife to cancer six weeks before he honoured a commitment he made to her by playing in the Ryder Cup

Beth Tweddle became Britain's first ever gymnastics World Champion by winning the uneven bars event in the World Championships in Aarhus, Denmark

Lindsey Hunter accepted the Helen Rollason Award on behalf of her husband, Paul, the snooker player who died of cancer two months earlier aged 27

Team award decided by public vote. St Helens won the Challenge Cup and the Super League

Daniel Anderson was the first rugby league coach to win the award

David Walliams swam the English Channel for charity, and raised over £1 million for Sport Relief

'''2007'''

1st Joe Calzaghe

2nd Lewis Hamilton

3rd Ricky Hatton

Team – England rugby union

Overseas – Roger Federer

Coach – Erno Calzaghe

Helen Rollason award – Oscar Pistorius

Young Sports Personality – Tom Daley

Lifetime Achievement – Bobby Robson

Unsung Hero – Margaret Simons

Held at the NEC

The Welsh super-middleweight boxer was crowned undisputed world champion in November when he defeated Mikkel Kessler in Cardiff. Lewis presented Calzaghe with his award

Hamilton finished runner-up to Raikkonen in his debut F1 season

Hatton finished in third place having surrendered his unbeaten record to Floyd Mayweather in Las Vegas overnight

England rugby team reached the World Cup final, beaten by South Africa

Roger Federer became only the second person after Muhammad Ali to win the Overseas Personality of the Year three times

Erno Calzaghe won the award for training Joe Calzaghe to 44 undefeated fights and 10 years as world champion

Tom Daley was aged 13

'''2008'''

1st Chris Hoy

2nd Lewis Hamilton

3rd Rebecca Adlington

Team – Olympic cycling

Overseas – Usain Bolt

Coach – David Brailsford

Helen Rollason award – Alistair Hignall

Young Sports Personality – Eleanor Simmons

Lifetime Achievement – Bobby Charlton

Unsung Hero – Ben Geyser

In February 2008, the BBC announced that the 2008 Sports Personality of the Year event would be held at the Echo Arena, Liverpool. One reason for the move to Liverpool was to allow greater numbers to view the show live, as the 10,600-seater venue in Liverpool had a bigger capacity than the NEC. Jake Humphrey replaced Chiles as co-presenter

David Brailsford was named Coach of the Year for steering his team to eight gold medals

Jack Charlton presented Bobby with his award

'''2009'''

1st Ryan Giggs

2nd Jenson Button

3rd Jessica Ennis

Team – England men’s cricket

Overseas – Usain Bolt

Coach – Fabio Capello

Helen Rollason award – Phil Packer

Young Sports Personality – Tom Daley

Lifetime Achievement – Seve Ballesteros

Unsung Hero – Doreen Adcock

Special Award – Eddie Izzard

It was announced in April 2009 that the show would be staged at the 11,000-seater Sheffield Arena

Major Phil Packer won the award for fundraising over £1.2 million for the Help for Heroes charity, despite being paraplegic since sustaining injuries in the Iraq War

Olazabel presented Ballesteros with his award

Eddie Izzard ran 43 marathons in 51 days for Sport Relief

'''2010'''

1st Tony McCoy

2nd Phil Taylor

3rd Jessica Ennis

Team – European Ryder Cup

Overseas Personality – Rafael Nadal

Coach – Colin Montgomery

Helen Rollason award – Frank Williams

Young Sports Personality – Tom Daley

Lifetime Achievement – David Beckham

Unsung Hero – Lance Haggith

Held at the LG Arena, Birmingham

McCoy is the first jockey to win the award

Daley wins Young Sports Personality for the third time

'''2011'''

1st Mark Cavendish

2nd Darren Clarke

3rd Mo Farah

Team – England cricket

Overseas Personality – Novak Djokovic

Coach – Andy Flower

Helen Rollason award – Bob Champion

Young Sports Personality – Lauren Taylor, the youngest-ever winner of the British Ladies amateur Golf Championship

Lifetime Achievement award – Steve Redgrave

Unsung Heroes – '''Janice Eaglesham''' and '''Ian Mirfin'''

Held at MediaCityUK

The shortlist was widely criticised for its lack of any female competitors

'''2012'''

1st Bradley Wiggins

2nd Jessica Ennis

3rd Andy Murray

Team – Team GB and Paralympics GB

Overseas Personality – Usain Bolt

Coach – Dave Brailsford

Helen Rollason award – Martine Wright

Young Sports Personality – Josef Craig

Lifetime Achievement award – Seb Coe

Unsung Heroes – '''Sue and Jim Houghton'''

Held at ExCeL

'''2013'''

1st Andy Murray

2nd Leigh Halfpenny

3rd Tony McCoy

Overseas Personality – Sebastian Vettel

Coach – Warren Gatland

Team – British and Irish Lions

Young Sports Personality – Amber Hill (15-year-old skeet shooter)

Diamond Award – Alex Ferguson (special award)

Helen Rollason award – Anne Williams (Hillsborough justice campaigner)

Unsung Heroes – Joe and Maggie Forber (basketball coaches)

Held at First Direct Arena, Leeds

Sue Barker steps down as a presenter

'''2014'''

1st Lewis Hamilton

2nd Rory McIlroy

3rd Jo Pavey

Overseas Personality – Cristiano Ronaldo

Coach – Paul McGinley

Team – England women’s Rugby World Cup

Young Sports Personality – Claudia Fragapane

Lifetime Achievement Award – Chris Hoy

Helen Rollason award – Competitors at the Invictus Games. Award presented by Prince Harry

Unsung Hero – Jill Stidever

Held at SSE Hydro, Glasgow

The ceremony was held in Scotland for the first time in its history

'''2015'''

Held at Odyssey Arena, Belfast

The ceremony will be held in Northern Ireland for the first time in its history

Sport and Leisure/Winter Olympics

2021-04-19T13:49:43Z

Admin: Created page with "Figure skating was included in the original programme of the 1900 Summer Olympics, but the competitions never took place. In 1908, four figure skating events were held in Lond..."

Figure skating was included in the original programme of the 1900 Summer Olympics, but the competitions never took place. In 1908, four figure skating events were held in London. Sweden refused to include winter sports in the 1912 Games on the grounds that it would threaten their own Nordic Games. The organizers of the 1916 Games planned a separate Skiing Olympia but the Olympics were cancelled due to WWI. Figure skating and ice hockey were included in the 1920 Games

1908 London

Men’s figure skating – Ulrich Salchow

Special figures – Nikolai Panin (Kolomenkin), the first Russian Olympic gold medal winner. This was the only Olympics where Special figures was skated

Women’s figure skating – Madge Syers. Bronze – Dorothy Greenhough-Smith

Madge Syers won the British national championship in 1903 and 1904, when she defeated her husband

Pairs. Silver – Phyllis and James Johnson. Bronze – Madge and Edgar Syers

1920 Antwerp

Ice hockey played by seven-man teams. Two 20-minute periods with no substitutions. Canada won the gold medal round, which consisted of eight teams. The three teams that lost to Canada played off for second place. USA finished second, and Czechoslovakia beat Sweden to win the bronze match

Canada was represented by the Winnipeg Falcons

USA beat Switzerland 29-0 in a gold medal quarter-final match

Men’s figure skating – Gillis Grafstrom (Sweden). Bronze – Martin Stixrud (Norway), aged 44

Pairs. Bronze – Phyllis Johnson and Basil Williams

'''1924''' '''Chamonix''' (I)

In 1922, over the objections of Pierre de Coubertin, a motion was passed to stage ‘International Winter Sports Week 1924’ in Chamonix. The event was a success and was retrospectively named the First Olympic Winter Games. The Scandinavians dropped their objections and supported a proposal to continue the Winter Olympics every four years

16 events, 16 nations represented, 294 competitors (13 women)

At the closing of the games Pierre de Coubertin presented a prize for alpinisme to Charles Granville Bruce, the leader of the expedition that tried to climb Mount Everest in 1922

First event to be decided was the men’s 500m speed skating. First gold medal won by Charles Jewtraw (USA)

Clas Thunberg (Finland) won medals in all five speed skating events, including three gold medals (1500m, 5000m, and Allround (four races combined event, only raced in 1924))

Canada, represented by the Toronto Granites, won all five ice hockey matches, outscoring their opponents 110-3. Won final match against USA 6-1

Based on medal count, this was Great Britain's best ever performance at a Winter Olympic Games (Gold – curling, silver – four-man bob, bronze – women’s figure skating and ice hockey)

Men’s figure skating – Gillis Grafstrom

Women’s figure skating. Bronze – Ethel Muckelt (GB)

11-year-old Sonja Henie finished last (eighth)

Four-man bob – Switzerland

Ski jumping large hill – Jacob Thams (Norway). Bronze – Anders Haugen (USA), though he was not awarded the medal until 1974 due to a scoring error

'''1928''' '''St. Moritz''' (II)

Argentina were the first country from the Southern Hemisphere to compete in the Winter Games

Military patrol and skijoring were demonstration sports

Norway finished on top of the medal table with 15 medals (6 gold medals, 4 silver medals and 5 bronze medals)

Clas Thunberg won two more gold medals in speed skating (500m and 1500m)

Gillis Grafstrom (Sweden) won his third straight gold medal in men’s figure skating

Canada was advanced straight to the final round of the ice hockey, while the other ten nations were divided into three pools. The winners of the three pools joined Canada in the final round. Canada, represented by the Toronto Graduates, won all three matches, outscoring their opponents 38-0

15-year old Sonja Henie won the women’s figure skating

Pairs – Andree Joly and Pierre Brunet (France). Retained the title in 1932

Men’s speed skating 5000m – Ivar Ballangrud (Norway)

In the 10000m speed skating, Irving Jaffee was leading the competition, having outskated Norwegian defending world champion Bernt Evensen in their heat, when rising temperatures thawed the ice. In a controversial ruling, the referee – a Norwegian – canceled the entire competition. Although the International Olympic Committee reversed the decision, and awarded Jaffee the gold medal, the International Skating Union overruled the IOC and restored the referee's ruling

Skeleton. Bronze – David Northesk (GB)

'''1932''' '''Lake Placid''' (III)

Games opened by Governor Franklin D. Roosevelt. Eleanor Roosevelt took a run down the bobsled course

Figure skater Mollie Phillips was the first woman to carry a flag at the Opening Ceremony

USA topped the medal tally with a total of 12 medals (6 gold medals, 4 silver medals, and 2 bronze medals)

Sled dog race was a demonstration sport

European speed skaters were unhappy that local officials imposed a different set of rules than those with which they were familiar. Five-time Olympic champion Clas Thunberg refused to participate

Sonja Henie defended her figure skating title

Cecilia Colledge was the youngest ever British competitor at Olympics, aged 11 at 1932 Olympics. Colledge is credited as being the first female skater to perform a double jump, as well as being the inventor of both of the camel spin and the layback spin. Won silver medal in 1936

Only four nations entered the ice hockey, so each team played each other team twice. Canada won gold, USA silver, Germany bronze. The other team to compete was Poland

Men’s figure skating – Karl Schafer (Austria). Silver – Gillis Grafstrom

Men’s speed skating 5000m and 10000m – Irving Jaffee (USA)

Two-man bob raced for the first time. Won by brothers Hubert and Curtis Stevens (USA)

Eddie Eagan won gold in USA four-man bobsleigh team

Jay O’Brien became oldest person to win gold, in USA four-man bob, aged 48

Ski jumping large hill – Birger Ruud (Norway). Retained the title in 1936 and won silver in 1948. Ruud was an accomplished alpine skier and finished fourth in the Alpine combined in 1936

'''1936''' '''Garmisch-Partenkirchen''' (IV)

Games opened by Hitler

Norway topped the medal table

The largest and heaviest medals ever were awarded to athletes

500,000 people attended the final day’s events

Alpine skiing events were included for the first time, with the combined event. Skiers were penalized six seconds for each gate missed during the slalom competition rather than being disqualified

The IOC declared that ski instructors could not take part in the Olympics because they were professionals. Incensed, the Austrian and Swiss skiers boycotted the events

Germany’s leading hockey player, Rudy Ball, was the only Jewish member of the German Winter Olympics team

Canada’s undefeated streak in ice hockey was halted at 20 by Great Britain

10 of the 12 GB ice hockey players lived in Canada

GB medals: gold – ice hockey, silver – women’s figure skating, bronze – four-man bob

Men’s figure skating – Karl Schafer

Women’s figure skating – Sonia Henie. Silver – Cecilia Colledge (GB)

Ivar Ballangrud won three gold medals in speed skating (500m, 5000m, and 10000m)

1940 Sapporo; St. Moritz; Garmisch-Partenkirchen

The 1940 Winter Olympics were awarded to Sapporo, but when Japan invaded China the games were reassigned to St. Moritz. The continuing dispute about ski instructors caused the Swiss to withdraw. The Germans volunteered Garmisch-Partenkirchen in July 1939, but four months later the event was cancelled due to World War II

1944 Cortina d’Ampezzo

Cortina d'Ampezzo had been awarded the games in June 1939, but due to World War II, the 1944 Winter Olympics were cancelled in 1941

'''1948''' '''St. Moritz''' (V)

St. Moritz was selected because it was located in Switzerland, which had remained neutral during the war, and also because it had already hosted a Winter Games

Germany and Japan were barred from competing

There were also two demonstration sports – military patrol and the winter pentathlon

Winter pentathlon involved five competitions: 10 km cross-country ski race, shooting, downhill skiing, fencing and horseback riding

Two American teams turned up to play in the ice hockey – the team from the American Hockey Association were allowed to play, the team from the American Olympic Committee were not allowed to play. Canada won the gold medal. Italy conceded 156 goals in their eight matches. Jaroslav Drobny won a silver medal as a member of the Czech team

For the first time, North America took gold medals in figure skating (Dick Button (USA) and Barbara Ann Scott)

Women’s figure skating – Barbara Ann Scott (Canada). Bronze – Jeannette Altwegg

Skeleton. Bronze – John Crammond (GB)

Men’s downhill raced for the first time. Won by Henri Oreiller (France)

Men’s slalom raced for the first time. Won by Edi Reinalter (Switzerland)

Alpine combined held for the last time until 1988

Women’s slalom raced for the first time. Won by Gretchen Fraser (USA)

'''1952''' '''Oslo''' (VI)

Alpine skiing events were held at Norefjell, 113 km from the capital

Demonstration sport – bandy

All flags were flown at half-mast during the opening ceremony at Bislett Stadion following the death of George VI on 6 February

The Games closed with the presentation of a flag that would be passed from one Winter Olympics host city to the next. The flag, which became known as the ‘Oslo flag’, has been displayed in the host city during each subsequent Winter Games

Norway topped the medal table

Canada, represented by the Edmonton Mercurys, won the gold medal in ice hockey

Combined event replaced by giant slalom

Cross-country skiing event for women held for the first time

Men’s figure skating – Dick Button. First skater to perform a triple jump

Women’s figure skating – Jeannette Altwegg

Brother-sister pairs took the first four places in the pairs event

Hjalmar Andersen (Norway) won three gold medals in speed skating (1500m, 5000m, and 10000m)

Men’s giant slalom – Stein Eriksen (Norway). First skier from outside of the Alps to win an Olympic men’s Alpine gold medal, and the first skiing superstar

Greek slalom skier Antoin Miliordos fell 18 times on his run and crossed the finish line backwards

Women’s giant slalom and slalom – Andrea Lawrence (USA)

Women’s 10 km classical cross-country held for the first time

'''1956''' '''Cortina d’Ampezzo''' (VII)

Cortina d'Ampezzo was selected with 75% of the votes, over bids from Montreal, Colorado Springs and Lake Placid

First games to be televised to a multi-national audience

Cortina Games were held before the Hungarian uprising, and the Suez War, which occurred in the autumn of 1956; the Winter Games escaped the boycotts that plagued the Melbourne Olympics

Athletes from West Germany (FRG) and East Germany (GDR) competed together as the United Team of Germany from 1956 to 1964

To remedy the lack of snow at the alpine skiing events, the Italian army transported large amounts of snow to ensure the courses were adequately covered

Last games at which figure skating competitions were held outdoors

First appearance by Soviet Union, who won more medals than any other nation

Soviet Union won ice hockey gold medal

Tony Sailer (Austria) won gold medals in downhill, slalom, and giant slalom

Chiharu Igaya won the silver medal in the men’s slalom, to become the first Japanese athlete to win a medal at the Winter Olympics

Women’s figure skating – Tenley Albright (USA)

Men’s figure skating – Hayes Alan Jenkins (USA). Bronze – David Jenkins, the younger brother of Hayes Alan Jenkins

Men’s 500m speed skating – Yevgeny Grishin (Russia). Retained the title in 1960

Poland won their first medal at the Winter Olympics, bronze in Nordic Combined

'''1960''' '''Squaw Valley''' (VIII)

Squaw Valley, California defeated Innsbruck in the bid process. At the time the Squaw Valley resort consisted of one chair lift, two rope tows, and a fifty-room lodge

In 1957 the United States government threatened to deny visas to athlete from Communist countries, causing the IOC to threaten to revoke Squaw Valley's right to host the 1960 Games. Bowing to international pressure, the United States allowed athletes from Communist countries entry for the Games

China and North Korea did not compete

In the men's slalom event, officials who were unsure if a skier had missed a gate asked CBS if they could review tape of the event. This request gave CBS the idea for what is now known as instant replay

The opening and closing ceremonies were produced by Walt Disney and televised by CBS. The 1960 Games were the first to have television broadcast rights sold to the highest bidder

Walt Disney was chairman of the Pageantry Committee in charge of the Opening and Closing ceremonies

Vice President Richard Nixon represented the United States government and declared the Games open. Carol Heiss took the Athletes’ Oath

Organizing committee refused to build a bobsled run because only nine nations were going to take part. This is the only time in Winter Olympic history that the bobsled events were not held

Biathlon was added to the Olympic programme

Soviet Union dominated the medal count winning 21 medals, 7 of which were gold

Women competed in speed skating for the first time with Lydia Skoblikova winning two gold medals (1500m and 3000m)

USA won ice hockey, and beat the Soviet Union for the first time. Team included the Cleary brothers and the Christian brothers

Men’s figure skating – David Jenkins. Bronze – Don Jackson (Canada), the first skater to perform a triple lutz

Women’s figure skating – Carol Heiss (USA), who married Hayes Alan Jenkins in 1961

Men’s downhill – Jean Vuarnet (France), the first gold medalist to use metal skis and no wax. Also invented the ‘egg position’, now known as the tuck

Kyung Soon-yim (South Korea) had only skied on grass before arriving at the Olympics

'''1964''' '''Innsbruck''' (IX)

Innsbruck defeated Calgary and Lahti (Finland) in the bid process

Luge made its Olympic debut

North Korea participated in the Winter Games for the first time

Russia topped the medal table

A British lugist (Kazimierz Kay-Skrzypeski, born in Poland) and an Australian downhill skier (Ross Milne) were killed in practice

Lydia Skoblikova won all four women’s speed skating events (500m, 1000m, 1500m, and 3000m) to become the first athlete to win four gold medals in one Winter Olympics

Ice hockey – Soviet Union

Men’s figure skating – Manfred Schnelldorfer (Germany). Bronze – Scott Allen (US), the youngest male to win a medal at the Winter Olympics, aged 14

Pairs – Lyudmila Belousova and Oleg Protopopov. Retained the title in 1968

Men’s 500m speed skating – Terry McDermott. The only USA gold medal in 1964

Two-man bob – Tony Nash and Robin Dixon. Suffered a broken axle bolt during their first run, but Italian world champion Eugenio Monti loaned them an axle bolt. Monti won two gold medals in 1968 and was honoured as the first recipient of the Pierre de Coubertin medal for sportsmanship

Women’s giant slalom – Marielle Goitschel (France). Silver – Christine Goitschel, her sister

Women’s slalom – Christine Goitschel. Silver – Marielle Goitschel

Competitors in ski jumping allowed to use the best two of three jumps for the only time

Charles Palmer-Tomkinson, Tara’s father, was a competitor in the giant slalom and downhill events

'''1968''' '''Grenoble''' (X)

Grenoble defeated Calgary and four other cities in the bid process

IOC first permitted East and West Germany to enter separately

Sex tests for women and drug tests were introduced

Games opened by President Charles de Gaulle

First Olympiad to adopt a mascot, although unofficially. Schuss, the mascot, is a styled skier

Norway topped the medal table

Jean-Claude Killy (France) won gold medals in downhill, slalom, and giant slalom

Karl Schranz (Austria) claimed that a mysterious man in black crossed his path during the slalom race, causing him to skid to a halt. Given a restart, Schranz beat Killy’s time. However, a Jury of Appeal disqualified Schranz for missing two gates and gave the victory to Killy

Men’s giant slalom decided by a combination of two runs, rather than a single run, for the first time

Women’s giant slalom – Nancy Greene (Canada)

Women’s slalom – Marielle Goitschel. 4th Gina Hathorn

Avery Brundage demanded that all trademarks be removed from the skis used by competitors. The International Ski Federation rejected the ban

Three East German entrants were disqualified from the women’s luge for heating their runners

Franco Nones (Italy) won the 30 km race to become the first non-Scandinavian skier to win a men’s cross–country contest

Ice hockey – Soviet Union

Women’s figure skating – Peggy Fleming

Fleming was the only USA gold medal winner. Signed a $500,000 contract with Ice Follies

Men’s 500m speed skating – Erhard Keller (Germany). Retained the title in 1972

'''1972''' '''Sapporo''' (XI)

Sapporo defeated Banff, Lahti, and Salt Lake City in the bid process

First Winter Olympics to be held outside Europe or the USA

Games opened by Emperor Hirohito

The Republic of China (Taiwan) participated in their first Winter Olympic Games

Ice hockey – Soviet Union

Canada withdrew from the ice hockey tournament as a protest against the hypocrisy of the eligibility rules. Professionals were not allowed, but the Communist nations used their leading players as there were no ‘professionals’ (their players were employed by the government)

Galina Kulakova (USSR) won all three cross-country skiing events for women

Japan won their first-ever gold medal (Yukio Kasaya) in the Winter Olympics, in the normal hill ski jumping event (and also won silver and bronze in this event)

Women’s figure skating. Bronze – Janet Lynn (USA). The Ice Follies offered her a three-year contract for $1.45 million, which made her the highest-paid female professional athlete of the time

Pairs – Irina Rodnina and Aleksei Ulanov

Ulanov married Lyudmila Smirnova of the number-two USSR team

Ard Schenk (Netherlands) won three gold medals in speed skating (1500m, 5000m, and 10000m)

Connie Carpenter (USA) finished seventh in the 1500m speed skating, and won the gold medal in the cycling road race in the 1984 Summer Olympics

Men’s downhill – Bernhard Russi (Switzerland)

Avery Brundage banned Karl Schranz from competing as he was earning money as a ‘tester and designer’ for ski product manufacturers

Men’s giant slalom – Gustav Thoni (Italy)

Men’s slalom – Paquito Ochoa, the first Spaniard to win a gold medal in the Winter Olympics. Silver – Gustav Thoni. Bronze – Roland Thoni (Gustav’s cousin)

Women’s downhill – Marie-Therese Nadig (Switzerland). Silver – Annemarie Proll

Women’s giant slalom – Marie-Therese Nadig. Silver – Annemarie Proll

Ski jumping large hill – Wojciech Fortuna, winning the first-ever gold medal for Poland at the Winter Olympics

Nordic combined – Ulrich Wehling (GDR). Retained the title in 1976 and 1980

'''1976''' '''Innsbruck''' (XII)

The Games were awarded to Denver, but the people of Colorado voted to prohibit public funds from being used to support the games. The IOC then offered the games to Whistler, but they too declined. Salt Lake City offered itself as a potential host after the withdrawal of Denver. The IOC declined and selected Innsbruck

At the opening ceremony, two flames were lit, to celebrate both Innsbruck Games

The mascot was the Tyrolean snowman

Ice dancing was added to the programme

Canada and Sweden boycotted the ice hockey over the ‘professional’ players from the Communist nations

Ice hockey – Soviet Union

Czechoslovakia’s captain, Frantisek Pospipil, was chosen for a random drug test. The team trainer immediately admitted that Pospipil had been given codeine to contact a virus infection, but he was expelled by the IOC

Men’s figure skating – John Curry, who had moved to Colorado in 1973. Terry Kubicka (USA) became the only skater to legally perform a backflip during Olympic competition. The move was banned immediately afterward

Women’s figure skating – Dorothy Hamill

Hamill became the first female to sign a $1 million-a-year contract, with the Ice Capades

Curry and Hamill were both coached by Carlo Fassi

Pairs – Rodnina and Aleksandr Zaitsev. Retained the title in 1980

Tai Babilonia (who skated with Randy Gardner) was the first black athlete to compete at the Winter Olympics

Ice dance – Lyudmila Pakhomova and Aleksandr Gorshkov. Retained the title in 1980

Men’s 1000m speed skating held for the first time

Speed skater Sheila Young became the first US athlete to win three medals at a single Winter Olympics

East Germany won the four-man bobsleigh in 1976, 1980, and 1984

Luge timings changed from 1/100 of a second to 1/1000 of a second

Men’s downhill – Franz Klammer. Silver – Bernhard Russi

Women’s downhill – Rosi Mittermaier (Germany)

Women’s giant slalom – Kathy Kreiner (Canada). Silver – Rosi Mittermaier

Women’s slalom – Rosi Mittermaier

Men’s 30 km cross-country. Silver – Bill Koch (USA), the first American to win an Olympic Nordic skiing medal

Galina Kulakova (Russia), who won eight Olympic medals, finished third in the 5 km cross-country event, but was disqualified due to taking a nasal spray that contained the banned substance ephedrine, to become the first person in the history of the Winter Olympics to lose a medal because of a positive drug test

Normal hill ski jumping – Hans-Georg Aschenbach (GDR), who later admitted to having taken anabolic steroids for eight years

Large hill ski jumping – Karl Schnabl (Austria)

'''1980''' '''Lake Placid''' (XIII)

The only other candidate city to bid for the Games was Vancouver-Garibaldi; which withdrew before the final vote

The Games were an organizational disaster

The Lake Placid Games saw the only national boycott in the history of the Winter Olympics. People's Republic of China entered the Olympics Games for the first time after the IOC agreed to designate the Republic of China ‘Chinese Taipei’, so they boycotted

The mascots of the Games were Roni and Ronny, two raccoons

First use of artificial snow in Olympic competition

Games opened by Vice President Walter Mondale

Athletes’ Oath taken by Eric Heiden

Ice Hockey – USA. Nine of the USA team were from the University of Minnesota, as was the coach, Herb Brooks. USA bt Russia 4-3 in the match known as the ‘Miracle on Ice’. Winning goal – Mike Eruzione. Jim Craig recorded 39 saves. USA bt Finland in final match

Men’s figure skating – Robin Cousins, who trained in Colorado with Carlo and Christa Fassi

Women’s figure skating – Anett Potzsch (East Germany)

Eric Heiden won all five speed skating events (500m, 1000m, 1500m, 5000m, and 10000m) to become the first person in Olympic history to win five individual gold medals at one Games (three of Mark Spitz’s seven were in relay events)

Women’s speed skating 500m – Karin Enke

Women’s luge – Vera Zozulya (Russia). First non-German-speaking athlete to win a luge gold medal

Men’s downhill – Leonhard Stock (Austria)

Men’s giant slalom – Ingemar Stenmark. Silver – Andreas Wenzel (Liechtenstein)

Men’s slalom – Ingemar Stenmark. Silver – Phil Mahre (USA)

Women’s downhill – Annemarie Moser-Proll. Silver – Hanni Wenzel (Liechtenstein)

Women’s giant slalom decided by a combination of two runs, rather than a single run, for the first time

Women’s giant slalom and slalom – Hanni Wenzel, brother of Andreas

Men’s 30 km cross-country. Bronze – Ivan Lebanov, the first Bulgarian to win a medal in the Winter Olympics

Nikolay Zimyatov (Russia) won three gold medals in cross-country skiing

'''1984''' '''Sarajevo''' (XIV)

Sarajevo defeated Sapporo and Gothenburg in the bid process

The Winter Games took place in a Socialist country for the first time

The Republic of China ended its boycott of the Olympic Games over the controversy regarding the IOC's recognition of the People's Republic of China, and competed as Chinese Taipei for the first time

By 1992, the Olympic bobsled run had been transformed into an artillery position for Serbian guerrillas. The site of the slalom races was a Serb military installation and the Zetra Figure Skating Centre had been reduced to rubble

‘Speed Skater’ – poster by Andy Warhol

Mascot – Vucko, the little wolf

Disabled skiing was a demonstration sport for the first time

Stenmark was not allowed to compete because he was a professional

Marc Girardelli was not allowed to compete because he retained Austrian citizenship while skiing for Luxembourg

Austria won one bronze medal (Anton Steiner in men’s downhill skiing)

Lamine Gueye of Senegal was the first Black African skier to compete in the Winter Olympics

Marja-Liisa Hamalainen won all three individual cross-country races for women

Ice hockey – Soviet Union

Men’s figure skating – Scott Hamilton (USA). Silver – Brian Orser (Canada)

Women’s figure skating – Katarina Witt (GDR)

Ice dance – Torvill and Dean, performing ''Bolero''. Silver – Natalya Bestemianova and Andrei Bukin

Men’s speed skating 5000m – Tomas Gustafson (Sweden)

Women’s speed skating 500m – Christa Rothenburger (GDR)

Women’s speed skating 1000m and 1500m – Karin Enke

Men’s downhill – Bill Johnson (USA). Silver – Peter Muller (Switzerland)

Men’s giant slalom. Silver – Jure Franko, the first Yugoslav to win a Winter Olympics medal

Men’s slalom – Phil Mahre. Silver – Steve Mahre, Phil’s twin brother

Women’s downhill – Michela Figini (Switzerland), the youngest skier (aged 17) ever to win an Olympic gold medal

Women’s giant slalom – Debbie Armstrong (USA)

Normal hill ski jumping – Jens Weissflog (GDR)

Large hill ski jumping – Matti Nykanen (Finland)

'''1988''' '''Calgary''' (XV)

Calgary defeated Falun (Sweden) and Cortina d'Ampezzo in the bid process

For the first time, the Alpine events were held on artificial snow. The Alpine programme expanded to five events with the inclusion of the super giant slalom and the reintroduction of the Alpine combined

Team events were added in Nordic combined and ski jumping (large hill)

The official mascots of the games were two western-attired polar bears named Hidy and Howdy

Curling, freestyle skiing, and short track speed skating were demonstration events

Disabled skiing was an exhibition sport

The host Canadian team failed to win a gold medal

Wilf O’Reilly won two gold medals in short track speed skating demonstration event

Yvonne van Gennip (Netherlands) won three gold medals in speed skating

In biathlon, Frank-Peter Roetsch (East Germany) became the first person to win both individual events

Ice hockey – Soviet Union

Men’s figure skating – Brian Boitano (USA). Silver – Brian Orser. Bronze – Victor Petrenko, the first Ukrainian to win a medal in an individual event at the Winter Olympics

Women’s figure skating – Katarina Witt. Bronze – Debi Thomas (USA), the first black athlete to win a medal in the Winter Olympics. Witt and Thomas independently elected to skate their long programme to music from Bizet's opera ''Carmen'' (known as Battle of the Carmens)

Pairs – Yekaterina Gordeyeva and Sergei Grinkov

Ice Dance – Natalya Bestemianova and Andrei Bukin

Men’s speed skating 5000m and 10000m – Tomas Gustafson

Women’s speed skating 500m – Bonnie Blair (USA). Silver – Christa Rothenburger

Women’s speed skating 1000m – Christa Rothenburger

Women’s speed skating 5000m skated for the first time

12-year-old Jan Hoffman (GDR) competed in figure skating. Youngest-ever male competitor

Bobsleigh event included competitors from countries with little or no snow. These countries included Jamaica (whose involvement spurred the movie ''Cool Runnings''), Mexico, and New Zealand. An informal "Caribbean Cup" of such countries was won by New Zealand. In the two-man event, the best result from a completely snow-less country was 29th by the Netherlands Antilles

Luge. Silver – Georg Hackl (Germany)

Men’s downhill – Pirmin Zurbriggen (Switzerland). Silver – Peter Muller. 8th Martin Bell

Men’s super G – Franck Piccard (France). Named after Frank Sinatra

Men’s giant slalom and slalom – Alberto Tomba (Italy)

Women’s giant slalom – Vreni Schneider (Switzerland)

Women’s slalom – Vreni Schneider

Rusiate Rogoyawa from Fiji entered the men’s 15 km classical cross-country event

Roberto Alvarez (Mexico) was so far behind in the men’s 50 km classical cross-country that race officials thought he had got lost and sent out a delegation to find him

Normal hill and large hill ski jumping – Matti Nykanen

Team ski jumping – Finland, including Matti Nykanen

Michael ‘Eddie the Eagle’ Edwards competed in the 70m and 90m ski jumps

'''1992''' '''Albertville''' (XVI)

A record of seven different locales bid for the Games

Seven other towns in the Savoy Alps hosted medal competitions

Competitions spread over 14 different sites

Short track speed skating, moguls and women's biathlon made their debut as an Olympic sport. The games were the last Winter Games to have demonstration sports, consisting of curling, aerials, ski ballet and speed skiing. It was the last Olympics to have an outdoor speed skating rink

Games opened by President Mitterand

Olympic flame co-lit by Michel Platini

Germany topped the medals table

Nicolas Bochatay was a Swiss speed skier who was killed when he collided with a snow grooming vehicle on the morning of the speed skiing finals

Alpine skiing

Men’s downhill – Patrick Ortlieb (Austria)

Men’s super G – Kjetil Andre Aamodt (Norway). Silver – Marc Girardelli (Luxembourg)

Men’s giant slalom – Alberto Tomba. Silver – Girardelli

Tomba became the first Alpine skier to win the same event twice. Most entrants ever in an event – 131, from 46 different nations

Men’s slalom – Finn Christian Jagge (Norway). Silver – Tomba (also won silver in 1994)

Alejandro Preinfalk Lavagni (Costa Rica) came last in the slalom and giant slalom

Women’s downhill – Kerrin Lee-Gartner (Canada), the first winner from a non-German-speaking country

Women’s super G – Deborah Compagnoni (Italy)

Women’s giant slalom – Pernilla Wiberg (Sweden)

Women’s slalom – Petra Kronberger (Austria). Bronze – Fernandez Ochoa (Spain), brother of Paquito Ochoa who won the slalom in 1972. First Spanish woman to win an Olympic medal in either winter or summer

Annelise Coberger of New Zealand won the southern hemisphere's first Winter Olympic medal – silver in the women's slalom

Women’s combined – Petra Kronberger

Figure skating

Men’s figure skating – Victor Petrenko

Women’s figure skating – Kristi Yamaguchi (USA). Her mother was born in a World War II internment camp for Japanese-Americans

Ice Dance. Silver – Paul and Isabelle Duchesnay, brother and sister from France, choreographed by Christopher Dean, who was Isabelle’s husband

Speed skating and Short track speed skating

Women’s speed skating 500m – Bonnie Blair. Silver – Ye Quaobo, the first Chinese athlete to win a Winter Olympic medal

Women’s speed skating 1000m – Bonnie Blair

Women’s speed skating 1500m. Bronze – Seiko Hashimoto, the first Japanese woman to win a Winter Olympic medal, also competed as a cyclist at three Summer Olympics

Women’s speed skating 3000m and 5000m – Gunda Niemann-Stirnemann (Germany)

Men’s short track 1000m held for the first time. Gold – Kim ki-hoon (Korea). 5th Wilf O’Reilly

Women’s short track 500m – Cathy Turner (USA). Retained the title in 1994

First ice hockey tournament played with a final, instead of pool matches. Soviet Union (Unified Team) bt Canada in the final

Luge – Georg Hackl (Germany), Retained the title in 1994 and 1998

Vegard Ulvang (Norway) and Bjorn Daehlie each won three gold medals in cross-country skiing

Men’s combined pursuit introduced. Won by Bjorn Daehlie. Two competitors from Morocco

Men’s 4x10 km and women’s 4x5 km cross-country relays changed from a freestyle event to an event where two skiers use the classical technique and two use the freestyle technique

Women’s combined pursuit introduced. Won by Lyubov Yegorova (Russia), who retained the title in 1994

Women’s 15 km freestyle cross-country introduced. Won by Lyubov Yegorova

Large hill ski jumping – Toni Nieminen (Finland)

Team ski jumping – Finland, including Toni Nieminen. Aged 16, he became the youngest male to win a Winter Olympics gold medal

Men’s moguls – Edgar Grospiron (France)

Women’s moguls – Donna Weinbrecht (USA)

'''1994 Lillehammer''' (XVII)

The Games were the first to be held in a different year from the Summer Olympics, the first and only one to be held two years after the previous winter games

Lillehammer defeated Ostersund (Sweden), Anchorage, and Sofia in the bid process

The games also saw the introduction of stricter qualifying rules, reducing the number of under-performing participants from warm-weather countries. New events were two new distances in short track speed skating and aerials, while speed skating was moved indoors

Games opened by King Harald V

South Africa competed for the first time since 1960

Alpine skiing

Men’s downhill – Tommy Moe (USA). Silver – Aamodt

Conner O’Brien skied for his fourth different country

Men’s super-G and giant slalom – Markus Wasmeier (Germany)

Men’s slalom – Thomas Stangassinger (Austria)

Men’s combined – Lasse Kjus (Norway). Silver – Aamodt, who became the first Alpine skier to win five medals

Women’s downhill – Katja Seizinger (Germany). Silver – Picabo Street (USA)

Women’s super-G – Diann Roffe (USA)

Women’s giant slalom – Deborah Compagnoni. Retained the title in 1998, to become the first Alpine skier to earn gold medals in three different Olympics

Women’s slalom – Vreni Schneider. First female Alpine skier to win three gold medals

Women’s combined – Pernilla Wiberg. Bronze – Alenka Dovzan, first medal won by Slovenia

Figure skating

Elvis Stojko (Canada) won the silver medal in men’s figure skating in 1994 and 1998

Women’s figure skating – Oksana Baiul (Ukraine). Silver – Nancy Kerrigan. 8th Tonya Harding

On 6 January, Tonya Harding's ex-husband Jeff Gillooly hired Shane Stant to club fellow figure skater Nancy Kerrigan in the knee. Tonya Harding became a boxer

Pairs – Yekaterina Gordeyeva and Sergei Grinkov

Ice dance – Oksana Grischuk and Yevgeny Platov. Retained the title in 1998. Bronze – Torvill and Dean, performing ''Let’s Face the Music and Dance''

Speed skating and Short track speed skating

Men’s 1000m speed skating – Dan Jansen (USA). Jansen had won seven overall World Cup titles and set seven world records, but he had never won an Olympic medal

Johann Olav Koss won three gold medals in speed skating (1500m, 5000m, and 10000m)

Women’s speed skating 500m and 1000m – Bonnie Blair

Women’s speed skating 5000m – Claudia Pechstein (Germany). Retained the title in 1998 and 2002

Men’s short track 500m held for the first time. Bronze – Nicky Gooch

Men’s short track 1000m – Kim ki-hoon. Marc Gagnon (Canada) won the bronze medal despite not taking part in the final. He won the consolation final, and two skaters in the final were disqualified

Ice hockey final – Sweden bt Canada in a shootout. First ice hockey gold medal won by Sweden

USA became the first bobsleigh crew to be disqualified for overheated runners

Bosnia used a sled donated by Netherlands

Women can now enter luge two-seater, but no women have yet entered

Men’s combined pursuit – Bjorn Daehlie, becoming the first male cross-country skier to win five gold medals

Men’s 50 km classical cross-country – Vladimir Smirnov (Kazakhstan)

Women’s 15 km and 30 km cross-country – Manuela Di Centa (Italy)

Large hill ski jumping – Jens Weissflog

Women’s 7.5 km and 15 km biathlon – Myriam Bedard (Canada)

'''1998 Nagano''' (XVIII)

Nagano defeated Salt Lake City in the final round of voting. The host city selection was held in Birmingham in 1991

The games saw the introduction of curling and snowboarding

Games opened by Emperor Akihito

For the first time, the best professional hockey players in the world were allowed to compete. Czech Republic won gold, beating Russia 1-0 in the final. Shutout by goaltender Dominik Hasek

Women’s ice hockey made its first appearance. Body checking is not allowed. All women are required to wear full face masks. USA bt Canada in the gold medal match

Ross Rebagliati (Canada) tested positive for marijuana and was stripped of his snowboarding gold medal. It was the first time in Olympic history that an athlete was punished for taking a non-performance-enhancing drug. The IOC decision was appealed to the Court of Arbitration for Sport and Rebagliati’s victory was reaffirmed

Because of Japan’s strict gun control laws, biathlon rifles were kept under lock and key and biathletes had to submit to a retina scan to retrieve them

Curling tournament was held at Karuizawa, which hosted the equestrian events at the 1964 Summer Olympics, becoming the first city to hold events at both the Summer and Winter Olympics

Alpine skiing

Men’s downhill – Jean-Luc Chretier (France). Silver – Lasse Kjus. Martin Bell set a record by competing in his fifth Olympic downhill

Men’s super G – Hermann Maier (Austria). Silver – Didier Cuche (Switzerland)

Men’s giant slalom – Hermann Maier. Silver – Stephan Eberharter (Austria)

Men’s combined – slalom held before the downhill. Because of weather delays, the combined downhill was held on the same day as the regular downhill. Lasse Kjus won silver in both events, becoming the only Alpine skier to win two Olympic medals in one day

Women’s downhill – Katja Seizinger (Germany). First person to win the Olympic downhill twice

Women’s super G – Picabo Street

Women’s slalom – Hilde Gerg (Germany)

Australia won their first individual Winter Olympic medal when Zali Steggall won bronze in the women's slalom

Women’s combined – Katja Seizinger

Figure skating

Steven Cousins (GB) finished sixth in men’s figure skating

Women’s figure skating – Tara Lipinski (USA). Silver – Michelle Kwan (USA)

Tara Lipinski broke Sonja Henie’s record as the youngest winner of an individual event, aged 15. Surya Bonaly performed an illegal backflip

Speed skating and Short track speed skating

500m speed skating changed from a one-race to a two-race format. Final places are determined by the combined total of the two races

Men’s speed skating 5000m and 10000m – Gianni Romme (Netherlands)

Men’s curling – Switzerland

Women’s curling final – Canada bt Denmark, who won their first Winter Olympic medal. 4th GB (skip – Kirsty Hay)

Four-man bobsleigh. Bronze – GB (Sean Olsson, Dean Ward, Courtney Rumbolt, Paul Attwood)

Luge two-seater. Bronze – USA. First medal won by USA in luge

Men’s 50 km classical cross-country – Bjorn Daehlie, winning his eighth gold medal, his twelfth total medal, his ninth medal in an individual event, and his sixth gold medal in an individual event (tying Lydia Skoblikova)

Men’s 10 km classical cross-country saw the first appearance of a Black African in cross-country. Philip Boit and Henry Bitok were Kenyans trained in Finland in order to become competitive skiers. Both were former middle distance runners with no previous skiing experience. Their project was sponsored by Nike

Large hill ski jumping – Kazuyoshi Funaki (Japan)

Team ski jumping – Japan, including Masahiko Harada, who had lost Japan the gold medal in 1994 with a poor final jump. Okabe and Harada both jumped 137 metres, the longest ever jump in an Olympic ski jumping competition

Men’s 10 km biathlon – Ole Einar Bjorndalen (Norway)

Women’s 15 km biathlon – Yekaterina Dafovska, winning Bulgaria’s first gold medal at the Winter Olympics

Women’s moguls – Tae Satoya, becoming the first Japanese woman to earn a gold medal in the Winter Olympics

'''2002 Salt Lake City''' (XIX)

Salt Lake City was chosen over Quebec City, Sion (Switzerland), and, Ostersund

Scandal broke in December 1998, when Swiss IOC member Marc Hodler, head of the coordination committee overseeing the organization of the 2002 games, announced that several members of the IOC had taken bribes. As a result of an investigation, ten members of the IOC were expelled and another ten were sanctioned

Mascots – Powder (a hare), Copper (a coyote), and Coal (a bear)

Emblem – a snow crystal

The opening ceremony featured LeAnn Rimes singing ''Light the Fire Within'', the official song of the 2002 Olympics

John Williams composed a five-minute work for orchestra and chorus, ''Call of the Champions'', that served as the official theme of the 2002 Winter Olympics

Games opened by President George W Bush

The closing ceremony marked the final live performance of KISS

Norway tied the Soviet Union at the 1976 Winter Olympics for most gold medals at a Winter Olympics, with 13

Germany set a record for most total medals at a Winter Olympics, with 36

Men’s skeleton was held in 1928 and 1948, then not until 2002

Women’s skeleton was held for the first time in 2002

Alpine skiing

Men’s downhill – Fritz Strobl (Austria)

Men’s combined and super-G – Aamodt

Men’s giant slalom – Eberharter

Men’s slalom – Jean-Pierre Vidal (France)

Alain Baxter finished third in slalom. He sparked controversy at the time, by dying his hair with the Saltire cross of St Andrew. A few days after his return home, Baxter discovered that he had failed a drug test. The bronze was then awarded to Austrian Benjamin Raich

Bode Miller won silver medals in the combined and giant slalom

Janica Kostelic (Croatia) won gold medals in the combined, giant slalom and slalom, and a silver medal in the super-G. The first Winter Olympic medals ever for an athlete from Croatia and the first three-gold performance by a female

Women’s downhill – Carole Montillet (France)

Women’s super-G – Daniela Ceccarelli (Italy)

Figure skating

Men’s figure skating – Alexei Yagudin (Russia). Silver – Plushenko

American Sarah Hughes won the gold medal in figure skating. Michelle Kwan fell during her long program and received the bronze medal

In the figure skating pairs competition, Yelena Berezhnaya and Anton Sikharulidze of Russia had won the short program over Jamie Sale and David Pelletier of Canada. In the free skate, Berezhnaya and Sikharulidze made a minor (but obvious) technical error. Meanwhile, Sale and Pelletier skated a flawless program, albeit one that many experts considered to be of lesser difficulty than that of the Russians, who were awarded the gold medal. There was immediate suspicion of cheating. The French judge, Marie-Reine Le Gougne said that she had been pressured by the head of the French skating organization, Didier Gailhaguet, to vote for the Russian pair regardless of how the others performed. Sale and Pelletier's silver medal was upgraded to a gold medal. The judging system was changed for the 2006 Olympics

Speed skating and Short track speed skating

Men’s and women’s short track 1500m held for the first time

Men’s short track 1500m – Apolo Anton Ohno (USA). Also won silver in 1000m

China won its first and second Winter Olympic gold medals, both by women's short-track speed skater Yang Yang (A)

One of the most memorable stories of the event occurred at the men's short track 1000m. Australian skater Steven Bradbury, a competitor who had won a bronze in 1994 as part of a relay team but well off the pace of the medal favourites, cruised off the pace in his semi-final only to see three of his competitors crash into each other, allowing him to finish second and go through to the final. Bradbury was again well off the pace, but all four other competitors crashed out in the final turn, leaving Bradbury to take the most unlikely of gold medals, the first for Australia – or any other country of the Southern Hemisphere – in the Winter Olympic Games

Two-woman bobsleigh held for the first time, over two runs. Vonetta Flowers (USA) became the first black person to win a gold medal in the Winter Olympics

The cross-country skiing events were marred by drug problems. The winners of three races were disqualified after blood tests showed that three skiers had overly high red blood cell counts indicating the use of darbepoetin

Sprint cross-country skiing events held for the first time (1500m freestyle)

Women’s curling final – GB (Rhona Martin, Debbie Knox, Fiona MacDonald, Janice Rankin) bt Switzerland

Both the men's and women's ice hockey tournaments were won by Canada, defeating USA in both games

Luge. Silver – Hackl

Women’s luge – Sylke Otto (Germany). Retained the title in 2006

Women’s skeleton. Bronze – Alex Coomber

Simon Ammann of Switzerland took the double in ski jumping

Adam Małysz (Poland) won the silver medal in the large hill and the bronze medal in the normal hill ski jumping

Glynn Pedersen represented UK in ski jumping

Snowboard parallel giant slalom – Philipp Scoch (Switzerland)

Ole Einar Bjorndalen of Norway won gold in all four men's biathlon events (10 km, 12.5 km, 20 km, 4 x 7.5 km relay

Nordic combined athlete Samppa Lajunen of Finland won three gold medals

'''2006 Turin''' (XX)

Turin beat Sion (Switzerland) in the bid

The Olympic mascots of Torino 2006 were Neve (‘snow’ in Italian), a female snowball, and Gliz, a male ice cube. The official motto of the XX Olympic Winter Games was ‘Passion lives here’

Events that made their Olympic debut in Turin included mass start biathlon, team sprint cross country skiing, snowboard cross and team pursuit speed skating. The classical men's 50 km and women's 30 km distances, which were held at the previous Winter Games in 2002, were not held in these Games, as these events were alternated with freestyle events of the same distances. Most of the cross country skiing events at these Games involved different distances from those in Salt Lake City

Stefania Belmondo, a 10-time Olympic medalist in cross-country skiing, lit the Olympic Flame during the opening ceremony. Rhona Martin carried the GB flag

In the closing ceremony, Manuela Di Centa, a seven-time Olympic medalist from Italy and then-member of the IOC, was scheduled to present the medals for the men's 50 kilometre cross-country skiing event. This resulted in her presenting the gold medal to her own brother when Giorgio Di Centa won the event to take his second gold medal

Shelley Rudman carried the GB flag at the closing ceremony

Germany topped the medal table

Alpine skiing

Men’s downhill – Antoine Deneriaz (France)

Men’s combined – Ted Ligety (USA). Bode Miller disqualified. 14th Noel Baxter (GB)

Men’s super-G – Aamont

Men’s giant slalom and slalom – Benjamin Raich (Austria)

Women’s downhill – Michaela Dorfmeister (Austria). 11th Chemmy Alcott (GB)

Women’s combined – Janica Kostelic (Croatia)

Chemmy Alcott disqualified from Women’s combined because her skis were too narrow (should be at least 60 mm)

Women’s super-G – Michaela Dorfmeister

Women’s giant slalom – Julia Mancuso (USA)

Women’s slalom – Anja Paerson (Sweden)

Kjetil Andre Aamodt and Janica Kostelic both won their fourth gold medals. Aamodt also set the overall medal record in the sport with eight

Figure skating

Men’s figure skating – Evgeni Plushenko (Russia)

Women’s figure skating – Shizuka Arakawa (Japan)

Speed skating and Short track speed skating

Cindy Klassen (Canada) won five medals in speed skating (one gold, two silver, and two bronze)

Women’s 5000m – Clara Hughes (Canada)

South Korea won six of the eight gold medals in short track speed skating

Men’s 500m – Apolo Anton Ohno

Shani Davis (USA) became the first black athlete from any nation to win a gold medal in an individual sport at the Olympic Winter Games, winning the speed skating 1000m event. Defended the title in 2010

Latvia won its first winter Olympic medal when Martiņs Rubenis took the bronze in the men's luge

Men’s skeleton – Duff Gibson (Canada). Gibson became the oldest individual gold medalist in the history of the Winter Games, aged 39

Women’s skeleton – Maya Pedersen (Switzerland). Silver – Shelley Rudman (GB)

Lascelles Brown became the first Jamaican-born competitor to win a medal at the Winter Olympics, competing on the Canadian two-man bobsleigh team which finished second

Women’s ice hockey final – Canada bt Sweden

Men’s ice hockey final – Sweden bt Finland

Women’s curling final – Sweden bt Switzerland

Men’s curling third-place play-off – USA bt GB (skip – David Murdoch)

Men’s curling final – Canada bt Finland

Women’s cross country 10 km and 15 km pursuit – Kristina Smigun (Estonia), the first Estonian woman to win a medal at the Winter Olympics

Ski jumping large hill – Thomas Morgenstern (Austria)

Snowboard halfpipe – Shaun White

Snowboard parallel giant slalom – Philipp Scoch (Switzerland), defeated his brother Simon in the final

Snowboard cross – Seth Westcott (USA). Retained the title in 2010

'''2010 Vancouver''' (XXI)

Vancouver beat Pyeongchang and Salzburg in the bid

Opening ceremony – flame lit by Wayne Gretsky, GB flag carried by Shelley Rudman, Canada flag carried by Clara Hughes

Games motto – ‘with glowing hearts’ / ‘des plus brilliants exploits’

Mascots – Miga (sea bear), Quatchi (sasquatch) and Sumi (animal spirit, mascot for Paralympics)

Emblem – Ilanaaq (Inuktitut word for ‘friend’), a traditional stone sculpture

Alpine events held in Whistler

Closing ceremony – Amy Williams carried GB flag, Joannie Rochette carried Canadian flag

For the first time, Olympic ice hockey matches were played on a narrower NHL-sized ice rink, instead of the international size

Luge competitor Nodar Kumaritashvili (Georgia) died in a training accident

Canada became the first host nation since Norway in 1952 to lead the gold medal count. With 14, Canada broke the record for the most gold medals won at a single Winter Olympics. The United States broke the record for the most medals won at a single Winter Olympics, with 37

Leading individual medal winners – Marit Bjoergen (Norway, women’s cross country skiing, 3-1-1), Meng Wang (China, short track, 3-0-0), Petter Northug (Norway, cross country skiing, 2-1-1)

Alpine skiing

Men’s downhill – Didier Defago (Switzerland). Silver – Aksel Lund Svindal, Bronze – Bode Miller

Men’s super-G – Svindal

Men’s giant slalom – Carlo Janka (Switzerland)

Men’s slalom – Guiliano Razzoli (Italy)

Men’s super combined – Miller

Ivaka Kostelic (Croatia) won two silver medals. He is the elder brother of Janica Kostelic

Women’s downhill – Vonn. Silver –Mancuso, Bronze – Goergl. 13th Chemmy Alcott

Anja Paerson crashed after flying for nearly 60m off the final jump. Marion Rolland crashed after five seconds

Women’s super-G – Andrea Fischbacher (Austria)

Women’s giant slalom – Viktoria Rebensburg (Germany)

Women’s slalom – Maria Riesch

Women’s super combined – Reisch. Silver – Mancuso. Bronze – Paerson (winning her sixth Olympic medal)

Tina Maze (Slovenia) won two silver medals

Figure skating

Men’s figure skating – Evan Lysacek (USA). Silver – Plushenko

Women’s figure skating – Kim Yu-Na (South Korea). Silver – Mao Asada, Bronze – Joannie Rochette (Canada), whose mother died the previous week

First time after 1960 that a Russian, Soviet or Unified Team (CIS) flagged team did not win the pair skating gold medal. Won by Chinese team of Shen Xue and Zhao Hongbo

Ice Dance – Moir and Virtue (Canada). 8th John and Sinead Kerr

Speed skating and Short track speed skating

Apolo Anton Ohno won his seventh and eighth speed skating Olympic medals, beating Bonnie Blair’s record for most medals won by a US Winter Olympian

John Eley (GB) finished sixth in 500m short track

Mens’s 10000m speed skating – Lee Seunh-Hoon (South Korea). Sven Kramer (Netherlands), who had not lost a 10000m race since 2006, finished first but was disqualified due to a missed lane change

Men’s 5000m speed skating – Sven Kramer

Haralds Silovs (Latvia) competed in the 1500m short track and 5000m long track speed skating events in the same day. He is the only athlete in the history of the Winter Olympics to compete in both short track and long track events at the same Games, and the only athlete to compete in two different disciplines on the same day

Norwegian biathlete Ole Einar Bjoerndalen won his 11th Olympic medal. Only fellow Norwegian Bjorn Daehlie has won more Olympic medals, with 12 in total

Four-man bobsleigh – USA. Bobsled known as the ‘night train’

Men’s curling play-off – Sweden bt GB (skip – David Murdoch)

GB women’s curling team eliminated by Canada. GB Skip – Eve Muirhead

Women’s curling final – Sweden bt Canada

Men’s curling final – Canada bt Norway. Skip – Kevin Martin

Alexandre Bilodeau won Canada’s first ever Olympic gold medal on home soil in the men’s mogul event

Jeret Petersen performed a trick known as the ‘hurricane’ in Men’s Aerials

Men’s halfpipe – Shaun White, known as the ‘flying tomato’, who included the ‘double McTwist 1260’, also known as the ‘tomahawk’

Women’s halfpipe – Torah Bright (Australia)

Men’s ice hockey final – Canada bt USA. Winning goal scored by Sidney Crosby (Pittsburgh Penguins)

Women’s ice hockey final – Canada bt USA

Men’s luge – Felix Loch (Germany)

Women’s skeleton – Amy Williams, 6th Shelley Rudman. A Canadian complaint about the helmet worn by Williams was rejected. Williams’ sled is known as ‘Arthur’

Men’s skeleton – Jon Montgomery (Canada), 6th Kristan Bromley

Simon Ammann won both ski jumping hills, having won the double eight years ago. Adam Malysz won silver medals on both hills

'''2014 Sochi''' (XXII)

Sochi beat Pyeongchang and Salzburg in the bid process

Opening ceremony held at Fisht Olympic Stadium. Flame lit by Vladislav Tretiak and Irina Rodnina. GB flag carried by Jon Eley. Games motto – ‘Hot. Cool. Yours.’ Mascots – a polar bear, a European hare, and an Amur leopard

Events held at Sochi Olympic Park (Coastal Cluster) and Krasnaya Polyana (Extreme Park)

New events approved – Ski slopestyle, snowboard slopestyle, and snowboard parallel special slalom

Sochi 2014's organizers make a joke at their own expense during the Winter Olympics closing ceremony after the fifth Olympic ring ‘fails’ to unfurl

Lizzy Yarnold carried GB flag at closing ceremony

Russia topped the medal table

Alpine skiing

Men’s downhill – Matthias Mayer (Austria)

Men’s super-G – Kjetil Jansrud (Norway). Bronze – Bode Miller

Bode Miller, 36, became the oldest alpine skier to win an Olympic medal and became the joint-second most successful US Winter Olympian alongside Bonnie Blair, with six medals

Men’s giant slalom – Ted Ligety. First non-European winner of this event

Men’s slalom – Mario Matt (Austria). Aged 34, Matt became the oldest champion in Olympic alpine skiing

Men’s super-combined – Sando Viletta (Switzerland)

Women’s downhill – Dominique Gisin (Switzerland) and Tina Maze shared the gold medal

Women’s super-G – Anna Fenninger (Austria)

Women’s giant slalom – Tina Maze. Vanessa-Mae, competing as Vanessa Vanakorn (Thailand), finished last

Women’s slalom – Mikaela Shiffrin (USA). Aged 18, Shiffrin became the youngest champion in Olympic alpine skiing

Women’s super-combined – Maria Hofl-Riesch

Figure skating

Men’s figure skating – Yuzuru Hanyu (Japan)

Women’s figure skating – Adelina Sotnikova (Russia). Silver – Kim Yuna. This event led to a controversy on the scoring and judging

Ice dance – Meryl Davis and Charlie White (USA). Silver – Tessa Virtue and Scott Moir (Canada). 10th Penny Coomes and Nick Buckland

Davis and White were the first ice dance gold medalists from USA

Speed skating and Short track speed skating

Speed skating 500m – Michel Mulder (Netherlands). Bronze – Ronald Mulder, his twin brother

Elise Christie failed to finish in all three short track speed skating events

Bjoerndalen won his 13th Olympic medal – gold in mixed biathlon relay

Marit Bjorgen won her third gold medal in cross-country skiing and equaled the record for most Winter Olympic medals by a woman, with 10, six of them gold

Alex Bilodeau retained moguls Olympics title

Slopestyle snowboard – Sage Kotsenburg (USA). First gold medal to be awarded

Women’s moguls – Canadian sisters Justine Dufour-Lapointe and Chloe Dufour-Lapointe won gold and silver

Women’s slopestyle snowboard – Jamie Anderson (USA). Bronze – Jenny Jones. GB’s first-ever medal on snow

Ski jumping normal hill and large hill both won by Kamil Stoch (Poland)

Women’s normal hill – Carina Vogt (Germany). First women’s ski jumping competition

Women’s skeleton – Lizzie Yarnold. Sled is called ‘Mervyn’

Felix Loch retained men's luge title

Women’s bobsleigh – Canada. Silver – USA-2, with Olympic sprinter Lauren Williams

Williams became the fifth person to have won a medal in both the Summer and Winter Olympic games

Former Olympic hurdler Lolo Jones represented USA-3 in bobsleigh

Women’s curling final – Canada bt Sweden. Skip – Jennifer Jones. Canada were unbeaten in the tournament

Bronze medal match – GB (Muirhead, Sloan, Adams, Hamilton) bt Switzerland

Men’s curling final – Canada bt GB (Murdoch, Drummond, Andrews, Goodfellow). Canada skip – Brad Jacobs

Men’s ice hockey final – Canada bt Sweden

Women’s ice hockey final – Canada bt USA

'''2018 Pyeongchang''' (XXIII)

Games will take place between 9 and 25 February 2018. The winning bid was announced on 6 July 2011 by the IOC, after the 123rd IOC Session in Durban. The two other candidates which applied to host the game were Annecy (France) and Munich

'''2022 ?''' (XXIV)

The host city will be elected on 31 July 2015, at the 128th IOC Session in Kuala Lumpur. The candidate cities are Almaty and Beijing

GB medals

1924 – Gold, curling. Silver, four-man bob. Bronze – women’s figure skating (Ethel Muckelt) and ice hockey

1928 – Bronze, skeleton (David Northesk)

1936 – Gold, ice hockey. Silver – women’s figure skating (Cecilia Colledge). Bronze – four-man bobsleigh

1948 – Bronze, skeleton (John Crammond)

1952 – Gold, women’s figure skating (Jeanette Altwegg)

1964 – Gold, two-man bobsleigh (Tony Nash and Robin Dixon)

1976 – Gold, men’s figure skating (John Curry)

1980 – Gold, men’s figure skating (Robin Cousins)

1984 – Gold, ice dance (Torvill and Dean)

1994 – Bronze, 500m short-track speed skating (Nicky Gooch), ice dance (Torvill and Dean)

1998 – Bronze, four-man bobsleigh

2002 – Gold, women’s curling (skip – Rhona Martin). Bronze – women’s skeleton (Alex Coomber)

2006 – Silver, women’s skeleton (Shelley Rudman)

2010 – Gold, women’s skeleton (Amy Williams)

2014 – Gold, women’s skeleton (Lizzy Yarnold). Silver, men’s curling (skip – David Murdoch). Bronze, women’s slopestyle snowboard (Jenny Jones), women’s curling (skip – Eve Muirhead)

Miscellaneous

Best UK skiing finish – Gina Hathorn, fourth in slalom, 1968

Prince Albert of Monaco was a bobsled driver in five Olympics, between 1988 and 2002

India is the biggest country, in terms of population, to have contested the Winter Olympics but never won a medal

Men’s curling has been won most often by Canada

Japan is only non-European nation to win 70m ski jumping

In the Olympics, tied ice hockey playoff games are followed by ten minutes of sudden death overtime. If the game remains tied, it is decided by a shootout. If the game remains tied after the first three shooters, any player can be chosen to shoot any number of times

An Olympic ice hockey rink is wider than an NHL rink

In 1987 the International Ice Hockey Federation voted to make all professionals, including those from the NHL, eligible for the Olympics. The NHL owners refused to allow their best players to leave in the middle of the season. The 1998 Games were the first in which the best professional players in the world took part

All Olympic speed skating races are held on a 400 metres oval track

Bonnie Blair was the first American to earn six medals in the Winter Olympics (five gold and one bronze)

Karin Enke won eight medals in speed skating at the Winter Olympics (three gold, four silver and one bronze)

Gunda Niemann-Stirnemann won eight medals in speed skating at the Winter Olympics (three gold, four silver and one bronze)

With a total of five Olympic gold medals, two silver, and two bronze medals, Claudia Pechstein is the most successful German Winter Olympian of all time. Pechstein is the first female Winter Olympian to win medals in five consecutive Olympics (1992 to 2006), and she won the gold medal in the women's 5000m speed skating race in three consecutive Olympics (1994 to 2002), and the silver medal in the fourth (2006). In the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, Pechstein also won a gold medal in the women's team pursuit

Men’s short track relay is raced over 5000 metres

Women’s short track relay is raced over 3000 metres

Kim Yun-Mi (Korea) won her first Olympic gold medal at the 1994 Winter Olympics in Lillehammer in short track at only thirteen years of age. She is the youngest female Olympic Gold Medalist and the youngest Winter Olympic Gold Medalist

There were two Chinese short track skaters named Yang Yang. Originally, Yang Yang (A) was known as Yang Yang (L) for ‘large’ as she is older than Yang Yang (S) (for ‘small’); however, she objected to the ‘L’ identifier, changing it to ‘A’ for ‘August’, her birth month

In February 2006, a few days before the start of the 2006 Winter Olympics, the International Olympic Committee ruled that the curling medals were part of the official Olympic programme in 1924, and not a demonstration event as many authoritative sources had previously claimed

Curling was a demonstration sport at the 1932 Games, and then again after a lengthy absence in 1988 and 1992. The sport was finally added to the official program for the 1998 Nagano Games

The related sport of ice stock sport was a demonstration event in 1936 and 1964. These events are not to be considered additional demonstrations of curling

In 1984 bobsledder Carl-Erik Eriksson (Sweden) became the first person to compete in six Winter Olympics

Armenia were prevented from taking part in the 1920 Olympics by Russia. When they marched in the Parade of Nations at the Opening Ceremony of the 1994 Olympics, they wore replicas of the 1920 Armenian team uniform

The first participation of a warm weather nation in the Winter Games was Mexico, which made its Winter debut at the 1928 Winter Olympics with a five-man bobsleigh team

The first truly tropical nation to compete in the Winter Olympic Games is the Philippines, who sent two alpine skiers to the 1972 Winter Olympics

The 1988 Winter Olympics in Calgary attracted a large number of tropical nations. The Jamaican Bobsled Team became a fan favorite at these Games and were later the inspiration behind the 1993 motion picture ''Cool Runnings''. In the 1994 Games, the Jamaican four man sled placed a creditable fourteenth, ahead of the United States and Russia, while a Jamaican bobsledder won silver for Canada in 2006

Beginning with the 1988 Winter Olympics, Bernhard Russi has been noted as the designer of the downhill courses for the Olympics

Alpine skiing debuted at the Winter Olympics in 1936; the combined was the only event. The combined was one of three medal events included in the next Olympics in 1948, along with downhill and slalom. The combined used the results of a downhill race with two runs of combined slalom. With the introduction of the giant slalom in 1952, the combined event disappeared from the Olympics for four decades, until re-introduced in 1988. The winner is the skier with the fastest aggregate time of the three races (until the 1990s, a complicated point system was used to determine placings in the combined event)

In 2005, the International Ski Federation (FIS) introduced the super combined, consisting of a single run of slalom and normally a shortened downhill run (or a super G run). The super combined format debuted at the Winter Olympics in 2010

Erika Schinegger was the world champion women's downhill skier in 1966. As she was preparing for the 1968 Winter Olympics, a medical test by the IOC determined that Schinegger was male, with internal male sex organs, and disqualified him

Davina Galica participated in her first Olympic games at Innsbruck in 1964, competing in downhill skiing and the slalom. She also participated at Grenoble in 1968 and Sapporo in 1972. On both occasions Galica was captain of the British Women’s Olympic Ski Team, and finished in the top-ten in the Giant Slalom (8th and 7th)

Uschi Disl was a 19 year veteran of biathlon and was a five time Olympian, with two Olympic gold medals from the 4x7.5 km relays in 1998 and 2002. She also has four silver medals and three bronze medals. Nicknamed ‘Turbo-Disl’

Cross-country skiing is also known as langlauf. Two skiing techniques are used in Nordic events – classical (diagonal stride) and freestyle (skating style)

Men’s classical cross-country race is either 15 km or 18 km

In the men’s combined pursuit event, skiers race 10 km using the classical technique. Then, setting out on a staggered start based on the results of the first race, they race another 10 km freestyle. Prior to 2002, this was a two-day event and the second event was 15 km rather than 10 km

In the women’s combined pursuit event, skiers race 5 km using the classical technique. Then, setting out on a staggered start based on the results of the first race, they race another 5 km freestyle. Prior to 2002, this was a two-day event and the second event was 10 km rather than 5 km

Men’s 30 km cross-country was an event from 1956 to 2002 (freestyle, but some races used classical style)

Men’s 10 km classical cross-country was an event from 1992 to 1998. Won by Daehlie in 1994 and 1998

Women’s 5 km classical cross-country was an event from 1964 to 1998

Women’s 20 km freestyle cross-country changed to 30 km in 1992, classical in 1994

Sixten Jernberg (Sweden) won nine medals, including four gold medals, in cross-country skiing. Won the 50 km classical in 1956 and 1964, and the 30 km in 1960

Russian cross-country skier Lyubov Yegorova won a total of nine medals at the Winter Olympics, earning six golds and three silver medals. She was the most successful athlete at both the 1992 and 1994 Winter Olympics. Yegorova's career ended at the 1997 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships when she was disqualified for doping on bromantan, an anabolic steroid

Raisa Smetanina is a cross-county skier and the first woman in history to win ten Winter Olympic medals, including four gold medals. Smetanina took part in five Olympics, representing the USSR team four times and the Unified Team once

Stefania Belmondo is an Italian cross-country skier who won ten Winter Olympic medals, including two gold medals, in 1992 and 2002

Individual Olympic competition in ski jumping consists of a training jump and two scored jumps. The team event consists of four members of the same nation, who each jump twice

Jumps are scored according to distance and style (scored by five judges)

In 1964 the ski jump was split into normal hill (70m jump) and large hill (90m jump)

Prior to 1994, the lowest score of each round was dropped for each team in the ski jumping team event

In April 2011 the International Olympic Committee officially accepted women ski jumping into the official Olympic program for the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi

The Nordic combined events have been contested since 1924. The first competition involved 18 km cross-country skiing, followed by ski jumping (two jumps on a normal hill). Whoever earned the most points from both competitions won the event. At the 1952 Winter Olympics, the ski jumping was held first, followed by 18 km cross-country skiing. The cross-country skiing portion was reduced to 15 km at the 1956 Winter Olympics. At the 1988 Winter Olympics the scoring was changed with the Gundersen method, meaning the 15 km cross country portion would go from an interval start race to a pursuit race, so that whoever crossed the finish line first won the event

The Nordic combined team event with a 3 x 10 km cross country relay started at the 1988 Winter Olympics, changing to the current 4 x 5 km cross-country relay at the 1998 Winter Olympics. The starting order is based on the results of the ski jumping

The 7.5 km Nordic combined sprint event was added at the 2002 Winter Olympics

Biathlon debuted at the 1960 Winter Olympics with the men's 20 km individual event. At the 1968 Winter Olympics, the men's 4 x 7.5 km relay debuted, followed by the 10 km sprint event at the 1980 Winter Olympics. Beginning at the 1992 Winter Olympics in Albertville, women's biathlon debuted with the 15 km individual, 3 x 7.5 km relay (4 x 7.5 km during 1994 – 2002, and 4 x 6 km in 2006), and 7.5 km sprint. A pursuit race (12.5 km for men and 10 km for women) was included at the 2002 Winter Olympics. The top 60 finishers of the sprint race (10 km for men and 7.5 km for women) would qualify for the pursuit event. The sprint winner starts the race, followed by each successive biathlete at the same time interval he/she trailed the sprint winner in that event. At the 2006 Winter Olympics, a mass start (15 km for men and 12.5 km for women) was introduced where the top 30 biathletes from the previous four events were allowed to start together for the competition

Prior to the biathlon debut at the 1960 Winter Olympics, there was a military patrol event that was held at four Winter Olympic Games: 1924, 1928, 1936, and 1948. Medals were awarded for military patrol in 1924, but it was a demonstration event for the other three Games

Men’s 10 km biathlon and women’s 7.5 km – five shots prone at first stop, five shots standing at second stop. Each missed target is penalized by forcing the skier to ski a 150m penalty loop

Men’s 20 km biathlon and women’s 15 km – five shots prone at first and third stops, five shots standing at second and fourth stops. Each missed target incurs a one-minute penalty

Biathlon relay – each skier has to hit five shots out of eight, and skis a 150m penalty loop for each miss beyond three

Soviet Union won men’s 4 x 7.5 km relay from 1968 to 1988

Germany won men’s 4 x 7.5 km relay from 1992 to 1998

Freestyle skiing has been contested at the Winter Olympic Games since 1992. It was a demonstration sport at the 1988 Winter Olympics, with moguls, aerials, and ballet events. Moguls became an official medal sport at the 1992 games, while aerials and ballet were still demonstration events. At the 1994 Games, aerials also became an official medal event and the ski ballet competition was dropped. For the 2010 Winter Olympics, ski cross was added to the program while the 2014 Winter Olympics had ski halfpipe added

Aerial competitors receive a score based on jump takeoff (20%), jump form (50%) and landing (30%). A degree of difficulty (DD) is then factored in for a total score. Skiers are judged on a cumulative score of two jumps

Mogul competitors receive a score based on turns (50%), two aerial manouvres (25%) and time (25%)

Snowboarding was one of five new sports or disciplines added to the Winter Olympic program between 1992 and 2002, and was the only one not to have been a previous medal or demonstration event. In 1998, four events, two for men and two for women, were held in two specialities: the giant slalom, a downhill event similar to giant slalom skiing; and the half-pipe, in which competitors perform tricks while going from one side of a semi-circular ditch to the other. Canadian Ross Rebagliati won the men's giant slalom and became the first athlete to win a gold medal in snowboarding. For the 2002 Winter Olympics, the giant slalom was dropped in favour of the parallel giant slalom, an event that involves head-to-head racing. In 2006, a third event, the snowboard cross, was held for the first time. In this event, competitors race against each other down a course with jumps, beams and other obstacles

The International Snowboard Federation (ISF) set the standard for snowboarding competition, which contributed to the development of it as an Olympic sport in the 1998 Winter Olympics. In a controversial move, the International Olympic Committee recognized the Federation International Ski (FIS) as the sport's official governing body. Three-time world champion Terje Haakonsen boycotted the Olympics as a result of the FIS being appointed to oversee the officiating

Andre Lange is a retired German bobsledder and the most successful bob pilot of all time who competed at senior level from 1998 to 2010. Competing in three Winter Olympics, he has won four gold medals

Russian biathlete Alexander Tikhonov took part in the gold medal relay winning teams in 1968, 1972, 1976, and 1980

Janne Ahonen (Finland) has never won an Olympic medal from an individual ski jumping competition: he has placed 4th three times. Won silver medals in team competitions in 2002 and 2006

Passing skier shouts “track” in cross country skiing

Noel Harrison represented GB in giant slalom in 1952 and 1956. Had a Top 10 hit with ''The Windmills of Your Mind'' in 1968

Speed skaters must be 15 by 1 July of the Olympic Year

Nordic Combined is the only event not contested by women

Winston Watts is a member of the Jamaica national bobsleigh team. He has been a participant at four Olympics, most recently the 2014 Winter Olympics

Sport and Leisure/Summer Olympics

2021-04-19T13:48:34Z

Admin: Created page with "Ancient Olympics The original Olympic Games began in 776 BC in Olympia, Greece, as part of a festival to honour Zeus, and were celebrated until 393 AD when Emperor Theodosius..."

Ancient Olympics

The original Olympic Games began in 776 BC in Olympia, Greece, as part of a festival to honour Zeus, and were celebrated until 393 AD when Emperor Theodosius the Great (I) banned the games as he considered them pagan

Held in Elis

In the first Olympic Games, the only event was the stadion, a sprint of 192.27m

The first recorded Olympic champion was Koroibos, a cook from Elis

The olive wreath, also known as kotinos, was the prize for the winner at the ancient Olympic Games

Pankration – a no-holds-barred combination of boxing and wrestling

Tethrippon – a four-horse chariot race of about 14km. Started in 689 BC

Pentathlon – stadion, long jump, discus, javelin, wrestling. Started in 708 BC

Apene – chariot race with mules

The most decorated champion was the runner Leonidas of Rhodes, who won 12 championships between 164 BC and 152 BC

The 6th century BC wrestler Milo of Kroton is the only athlete in history to win in six Olympics

The first female champion was Kyniska of Sparta, who won the tethrippon in 396 BC

The last recorded champion of the ancient Olympics was Varasdates, Prince of Armenia, who won the boxing in 369

The term halteres comes from the Greek word for dumbbells. In ancient Greek sports, halteres were used as lifting weights, and also as weights in their version of the long jump, which was probably a set of three jumps. Halteres were held in both hands to allow an athlete to jump a greater distance

The Olympic Flame or Olympic Torch commemorates the theft of fire from the Greek god Zeus by Prometheus, its origins lie in ancient Greece, when a fire was kept burning throughout the celebration of the ancient Olympics. The fire was reintroduced at the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam, and it has been part of the modern Olympic Games ever since. The torch relay of modern times which transports the flame from Greece to the various designated sites of the games had no ancient precedent and was introduced by Carl Diem, with the support of Joseph Goebbels, at the Berlin Olympics in 1936

'''1896''' '''Athens''' (I)

At the inaugural meeting of the IOC held at the Sorbonne in Paris in 1894, Baron Pierre de Coubertin proposed that the Olympic Games should be revived. The Greek delegate at the Congress, Demetrius Vikelas, was elected as the first president of the IOC, which had 13 members

Motto proposed in 1894 by de Coubertin

On 6 April 1896, King George I of Greece declared open the first modern Olympic Games. There were 245 athletes representing 14 nations, all of them men. 43 separate events were contested

Events were held at the Panathenaic Stadium. Alexandrian billionaire Georgios Averoff donated one million drachma towards the reconstruction of the stadium

The first race was a heat of the 100m dash, which was won by Francis Lane of USA

The first gold medal was in the triple jump, which was won by James Connolly of USA. Connolly performed two hops and a jump. Every other competitor performed a hop, a step and a jump

First place winners were awarded a silver medal, a crown of olive branches and a diploma

Second place winners were awarded a bronze medal, a crown of laurel and a diploma

The front of the medal had a picture of Zeus. The back of the medal had a picture of the Acropolis

USA won most gold medals. Many athletes were students from Princeton

Greece won most medals

At the closing ceremony George Robertson (GB) read an ode which he had written in ancient Greek to honour the Olympic Games

The 40km marathon race was won by Greek shepherd Spiridon Louis

Stamata Revithi (Greece) ran the marathon course one day after the men’s race. Women were excluded from competing in the Games

The swimming contests were held outdoors in open water, in the Bay of Zea

Alfred Hajos-Guttmann was the first-ever Olympic swimming champion and the first Hungarian Olympic gold medalist. He won two gold medals in Athens: the 100m freestyle, and the 1200m freestyle. Hajos-Guttmann became a world renowned architect, specializing in sport facilities. In a special arts competition at the 1924 Paris Olympic Games, he was awarded an Olympic silver medal for architecture, the highest honour presented in that competition

100m freestyle for sailors – restricted to members of the Greek navy

100m – Thomas Burke (USA)

Cycling events included a 12-hour race, won by Adolf Schmal (Austria)

Regattas cancelled due to bad weather

Tennis – John Boland (GB / Ireland), who travelled to the Games as a spectator

Masters foil – Leonidas Pyrgos. Greece’s first modern Olympic champion

Carl Schuhmann won four Olympic titles in gymnastics and wrestling at the 1896 Summer Olympics, becoming the most successful athlete at the inaugural Olympics of the modern era. He also competed in weightlifting

One-handed weightlifting was an event for the only time

'''1900''' '''Paris''' (II)

Baron Pierre de Coubertin insisted that the 1900 games were held in Paris as part of the World’s Fair (Universal Exposition)

The events were spread over five months and went almost unnoticed

France won most medals and most gold medals

Women were allowed to compete for the first time. First women competitors represented France at croquet (Filleul Brohy and Marie Ohnier)

The first female champion was in tennis: Charlotte Cooper (GB)

Margaret Abbott was the first US woman to win an Olympic gold medal, in golf

Poster had a woman fencer, even though women were not allowed to compete in fencing

Helen de Pourtales was a member of the Swiss boat ''Lerina'', which won the gold medal in the first race of 2-3 ton class and silver medal in the second race of 2-3 ton class. Her husband, Hermann, was also a crew member

Tennis was one of five sports in which athletes from different nations were allowed to compete on the same team

Several athletes from USA refused to compete on Sunday

Ray Ewry (USA) won three events in one day

The swimming obstacle race required the entrants to climb a pole, scramble over a row of boats and swim under another row of boats

Events included underwater swimming, equestrian high and long jumps

In the coxed pairs rowing event, the Dutch team chose a small French boy for their coxswain. He is probably the youngest Olympic champion

Professional races took place alongside the official amateur programme

Swimming races were held in the River Seine and swum with the current

Men’s 1500m freestyle – John Jarvis (GB)

4000m freestyle, 200m team swimming, 200m obstacle race, and underwater swimming raced for the only time

Water polo won by Osbourne Swimming Club, Manchester. GB also won water polo gold medals in 1908, 1912 and 1920

Alvin Kraenzlein (USA) was the first sportsman to win four Olympic titles in a single Olympic Games (60m, 110m hurdles, 200m hurdles, long jump), and is the only track and field athlete to achieve such a haul in individual events

4000m steeplechase – John Rimmer. GB won all three medals

Marathon – Michel Theato (France). Won by over 40 minutes

Standing high jump – Ray Ewry (USA). Retained the title in 1904, 1906 and 1908

Standing long jump – Ray Ewry. Retained the title in 1904, 1906 and 1908

Standing triple jump – Ray Ewry. Retained the title in 1904

Hammer – John Flanagan (USA). Retained the title in 1904 and 1908

Equestrian high jump and long jump events were held

Men’s singles – Laurie Doherty

Men’s doubles – Reg and Laurie Doherty, who were brothers

Mixed doubles – Reg Doherty and Charlotte Cooper

Football – GB (Upton Park Football Club)

Cricket – GB bt France. GB was represented by the Devon and Somerset Wanderers cricket club, France by a team made up of players from the British embassy in Paris

Three women took part in the croquet tournament

Polo – GB. Retained the title in 1908 and 1920

Pelota was held in 1900

Live pigeon shooting is not included in the official IOC Olympic results list

First black gold medalist – French rugby player Constantin Henrique de Zubiera

'''1904''' '''St Louis''' (III)

The 1904 Games were awarded to Chicago, but moved to St Louis to coincide with the Louisiana Purchase Exhibition. The games were spread over 4 ½ months

First Olympics at which gold, silver and bronze medals were awarded

Decathlon, boxing and freestyle wrestling made their debuts

George Eyser (USA) won six medals in gymnastics. He had a wooden leg

Fred Lorz won the 1904 Olympic marathon, but was disqualified as he hitched a lift. Thomas Hicks was awarded the gold medal – he had survived the hot, dusty conditions by drinking strychnine and brandy

Marathon runners Len Tau and Jan Mashiani of the Tswana tribe were in St Louis for the Exposition as part of a Boer War show, and became the first African athletes to compete at an Olympic Games

The Games were hijacked by two ‘Anthropological Days’, when native tribes were forced to make a humiliating exhibition of their links with sport

Six female athletes in 1904 – all archers

The most unusual event was the plunge for distance

Triathlon was part of a combined gymnastics and track and field competition

Men’s 50m freestyle was held, and was then discontinued until 1988

Men’s 200m freestyle was held, and was then discontinued until 1968

880 yard freestyle raced for the only time

Archie Hahn (USA) won the 100m, and also won in 1906

Archie Hahn also won the 60m. Known as ‘the Milwaukee Meteor’

200m was on a straight track

Americans took the first six places in the 400m

Jim Lightbody (USA) won gold medals in the 2500m steeplechase, 800m and 1500m

Decathlon – Thomas Kiely (Ireland). All 10 events were held on the same day

Football – Canada (Galt Football Club)

Rugby – France. Silver – GB, represented by Moseley Wanderers

Roque was an Olympic sport in the 1904 Summer Games, replacing croquet from the previous games

1906 Athens

Known as the Intercalated or Intermediary games. Not considered official by the IOC

Pierre de Coubertin permitted Greece to stage the Games as compensation for losing the right to host every Summer Olympics

First Olympics to limit entries to athletes sent by national Olympic committees and the first at which there was a Parade of Nations

Rowing events included six-man and seventeen-man naval rowing boats

The participants in the two dueling pistol events shot at dummies dressed in frock coats

Men’s pentathlon, held from 1906 to 1924, was decided according to placement points. Events were – standing long jump, discus (Greek-style), javelin, 192m race, and Greco-Roman wrestling)

GB won 8 gold, 11 silver and 6 bronze medals

'''1908''' '''London''' (IV)

The 1908 Olympics were awarded to Rome. When Mount Vesuvius erupted in 1906, the Italian government decided that their limited financial resources were needed to rebuild Naples. The Olympics were reassigned to London and White City stadium was built

The Games were opened by Edward VII

Parade of the Delegations (or Nations) took place for the first time

The Irish Whales was a nickname given to a group of Irish and Irish-American athletes who dominated weight-throwing events in the first two decades of the 20th century. The Irish Whales included John Flanagan and Martin Sheridan

It is often claimed that Martin Sheridan fueled a controversy, when USA flag bearer Ralph Rose refused to dip the flag to King Edward VII. Sheridan is supposed to have supported Rose by explaining "This flag dips to no earthly king"

Also missing was the Swedish flag, leading some Swedes to boycott the Games

Americans abandoned tug-of-war when one of the British team was found to be wearing spiked shoes to prevent slipping

Last Games in which the host country had full jurisdiction over all the sports

Australia and New Zealand competed as one team, known as Australasia

GB won 56 gold medals. USA were second with 23 gold medals

Bishop of Pennsylvania declared “The important thing about these Olympic Games is less the winning than the taking part”. This quote was later taken up by Baron de Coubertin

First appearance of diving, field hockey, and figure skating (which was transferred to the Winter Olympics in 1924)

Sophus Nielsen scored 10 goals for Denmark in a football match against France

Ray Ewry won the standing high jump and the standing long jump for the third time. He won 8 gold medals at the Olympic Games and 2 gold medals at the Intercalated Games

Ray Ewry is the only athlete to win eight gold medals in individual events

First marathon to be run over 26 miles 385 yards, extended so that the royal family would be able to get a good view of the start from the balcony at Windsor Castle

Dorando Pietri (Italy) was disqualified from the marathon as he was helped across the line. Johnny Hayes (USA) was awarded the gold medal

At the presentation ceremony, the Queen summoned Pietri, and presented him with a special gold cup

Henry Taylor (GB) won the 400m freestyle and 1500m freestyle, and a third gold in the 4 x 200m relay

100m – Reggie Walker (South Africa)

Wyndham Halswelle (GB) won the 400m running the final alone after John Carpenter (USA) was disqualified and the other two Americans refused to race in a rerun. The controversy over this race resulted in the formation of the IAAF, and from 1912 onwards all 400m races were run in lanes

800m and 1500m – Melvin Sheppard (USA)

1500m. Silver – Harold Wilson (GB)

110m hurdles – Forrest Smithson (USA). There is a widespread story about Smithson winning the gold medal while carrying a Bible in his left hand (ostensibly to protest against the decision to run the 110m hurdles final on a Sunday). However, the final was held on a Saturday

In the men’s 4 x 400m relay, the first-ever Olympic relay race, the runners did not pass a baton, but touched hands instead

Featherweight – Richard Gunn (GB), aged 37

Middleweight – John Douglas. Captained the England cricket team 18 times

Archery York Round – Willy Dod

Women’s archery National Round – Sybil ‘Queenie’ Newell (GB). Silver – Lottie Dod

Newell is the oldest female medalist in Olympic history, aged 53

Archers Willy and Lottie Dod (GB) became the first brother and sister medalists in Olympic history

Tennis – Arthur Wentworth Gore

Individual all-around. Silver – Walter Tysall

Football – GB. Retained the title in 1912

Tug of war – GB (City of London Police)

Motor boating was held in 1908

Rackets was held in 1908

Jeu de Palme (Real Tennis) contested for the only time. Won by Jay Gould (USA)

'''1912''' '''Stockholm''' (V)

Coubertin won the gold medal for literature at the 1912 Summer Olympics for his poem ''Ode to Sport''

First use of unofficial electronic timing devices, a photo-finish machine, and a public address system

Modern pentathlon, women’s swimming and women’s diving were introduced

Equestrian events were introduced

Sweden would not allow boxing contests to he held

First Olympics in which Japan participated

Finland had to march under a Russian flag at the Parade of Nations, as Finland was ruled by Russia at the time

USA won most gold medals, Sweden won the most medals

Last Games at which solid gold medals were awarded

Winter sports not held as Swedish organizers preferred the Nordic Games

Oscar Swahn (Sweden) became the oldest person ever to win a gold medal when, aged 64, he was a member of the team that won the the single shot running deer shooting event

The course for the cycling road race was 196 miles, the longest race of any kind in Olympic history. Won by Okey Lewis (South Africa) in 10’ 42”

Hannes Kolehmainen (Finland) won three gold medals in long-distance running

Jim Thorpe won gold medals in the pentathlon and decathlon. He was disqualified (and later reinstated) as he has played professional baseball

Avery Brundage finished sixth in the pentathlon. Also entered high jump and long jump

“Sir, you are the greatest athlete in the world” – King Gustav of Sweden to Jim Thorpe at the 1912 Olympics. Thorpe replied “Thanks, King”

Otto Herschmann, president of the Austrian Olympic Committee, won a silver medal in the team sabre fencing event

A Greco-Roman wrestling bout between Martien Klein and Alfred Asikainen lasted 11 hours and forty minutes – the world's longest wrestling match. After Klein finally took the victory, he was too tired to compete in the final

In the final of the light heavyweight Greco-Roman wrestling, Anders Ahlgren and Ivar Bohling wrestled for nine hours until officials called the contest a double loss. As neither wrestler had won, they were both awarded silver medals

5000m and 10000m – Hannes Kolehmainen (Finland)

Marathon – Kenneth McArthur (South Africa)

Javelin – Eric Lemming (Sweden). First ever 60m throw. Also won in 1908

Modern pentathlon. 5th George Patton (USA)

Women’s 100m freestyle – Fanny Durack (Australia)

Belle White – first UK diving medal, bronze in 10m platform

Gottfried Fuchs scored 10 goals for Germany in a 16–0 win against Russia

England deliberately missed a penalty against Finland in semi-final as the team thought the decision of the referee too harsh

1916 Berlin (VI)

The 1916 Olympics were scheduled to be held in Berlin, but were cancelled due to World War I

'''1920''' '''Antwerp''' (VII)

The 1920 Games were awarded to Antwerp to honour the suffering that had been inflicted on the Belgium people during the war

Candidate cities – Amsterdam and Lyon

Germany, Austria, Hungary, Bulgaria and Turkey were not allowed to compete

Russia was absent due to the civil war

Olympic flag was adopted for the Olympic movement at the 1914 Congress

The Opening Ceremony was notable for the introduction of the Olympic flag and the presentation of the Athletes’ Oath, spoken by Victor Boin. Doves were released as a symbol of peace for the first time

The five rings signified the unity of the five continents

Games opened by King Albert

The Nadi brothers, Nedo and Aldo (Italy) won eight gold medals in fencing. Nedo Nadi won the individual sabre in 1920, the only break in Hungary’s 56-year domination of the event

Suzanne Lenglen won the tennis singles and mixed doubles (with Max Decugis), and a bronze medal in the women’s doubles

One of the members of the gold medal-winning USA rugby team was Daniel Carroll, who had also been a member of Australia’s winning team in 1908

American boxer Eddie Eagan triumphed in the light-heavyweight division. 12 years later he won Olympic gold in bobsledding. He is the only person to have won a gold medal at both the Summer and Winter Olympic Games

Swedish shooter Oscar Swahn earned a silver medal to become the oldest medalist ever, aged 72

Ice hockey was included in the Summer Games for the first and only time

Figure skating was included for the second and final time

The 12-foot dinghy yachting event was the only event in Olympic history to be held in two countries – Belgium and the Netherlands, because both entrants were Dutch

Just before the start of the 100m, the US sprint coach gave his athletes a mixture of sherry and raw egg

The diving events were held outdoors in a moat. Aileen Riggin (USA) won the women’s springboard gold medal, aged 14, 4’ 7” tall

Duke Paoa Kahanamoku (USA) who was born in Honolulu defended his 100m freestyle title. Nicknamed ‘The Duke’ after the Duke of Edinburgh who visited Hawaii in 1869

800m and 1500m – Albert Hill

1500m. Silver – Philip Baker, who became MP and Nobel Peace Prize winner Philip Noel-Baker

5000m. Silver – Paavo Nurmi

10000m – Paavo Nurmi

Marathon – Hannes Kolehmainen

3000m steeplechase – Percy Hodge (GB)

Cross-country – Nurmi. Retained the title in 1924, the last time the event was run

Cross-country team race – Finland (including Nurmi)

Harry Mallin was world champion in the middleweight class between 1920 and 1928. He never lost an amateur bout and never turned professional. He won a gold medal in middleweight division in 1920. He went on to win another gold medal in the same weight class in boxing at the 1924 Summer Olympics

Hockey – GB

Egypt were first non-European team to enter Olympic football

In the football final against Belgium, Czechoslovakia walked off the field when a player was sent off, and were disqualified

Tug of war – GB (the last time the event was held)

Rugby – USA

Morris Kirksey won two gold medals. (4 x 100m relay, and rugby). He is one of four athletes to win gold medals in two different Olympic sports

GB completed a hat-trick of wins in water polo

'''1924''' '''Paris''' (VIII)

The Olympic motto was introduced, as was the closing ceremony ritual of raising three flags: the flag of the IOC, the flag of the host nation and the flag of the next host nation

Events held at Colombes Stadium

Women’s fencing made its debut

Ireland competed for the first time. Prior to 1922, Ireland was part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Irish competitors at earlier Games are counted as British in Olympic statistics

William DeHart Hubbard (USA) became the first black athlete to win an individual event, the long jump

Robert Legendre (USA) broke the long jump world record in the pentathlon

Johnny Weissmuller won three gold medals in swimming (100m, 400m, 4 x 200m freestyle relay) and a bronze medal in water polo

Benjamin Spock was a member of the Yale University crew that won the eights

Gertrude Ederle won a gold medal in the 4x100m freestyle relay, and bronze medals in the 100m freestyle and 400m freestyle

Paavo Nurmi won five gold medals in five events, including the 1500m, 5000m (with only 26 minutes between the final races; he broke the world record for both of them), the 3000 m team race, and both cross country events (10000m and team race). He also won three gold medals in 1920

Last Olympics to feature cross country events

Men’s plain high dive was discontinued

Marathon distance fixed at 42.195 km, the distance run in 1908

200m breaststroke – Lucy Morton

100m – Harold Abrahams. Eric Liddell withdrew as he refused to run on a Sunday

200m – Jackson Scholz (USA). Bronze – Eric Liddell. 6th Harold Abrahams

400m – Eric Liddell (last Briton to hold 400m Olympic record)

800m – Douglas Lowe. Retained the title in 1928

Solly Abrahams, older brother of Harold Abrahams, competed in the long jump in the 1912 Games

10000m – Ville Ritola (Finland)

3000m steeplechase – Ville Ritola

3000m team race – Finland (including Nurmi and Ritola)

Cross-country team race – Finland (including Nurmi and Ritola)

Middleweight – Henry Mallin. Lost to Roger Brousse (France) in the quarter-finals, but Brousse was later disqualified for biting

Light Heavyweight – Harry Mitchell (GB)

Women’s tennis – Helen Wills (USA)

Mixed doubles – USA (Hazel Wightman and Dick Williams). Williams was a passenger on the Titanic

Women’s doubles – Wills and Wightman

Football – Uruguay. Retained the title in 1928

Polo – Argentina. Retained the title in 1936 (the last time the event was held)

Rugby – USA (the last time the event was held)

Philip Neame was a member of Great Britain's Running Deer shooting team and is the only Victoria Cross recipient who has won an Olympic Gold Medal

Clay pigeon shooting held for the last time

'''1928''' '''Amsterdam''' (IX)

Los Angeles was the only rival candidate city

At the opening ceremony, the team from Greece led the Parade of Nations and the host Dutch team marched in last

Olympic flame lit for the first time

Germany returned to the Games

Stadium designed by Jan Wils, who won the gold medal in architecture

Women were allowed to compete in gymnastics and track and field

Tennis was withdrawn

Several finalists collapsed with exhaustion in the 800m final, leading to a ban on all women’s races longer than 200m for 32 years

Discus was the first women’s track and field event to be decided in the history of the Olympics

Coca-Cola became the first sponsors, providing the American team with 1000 crates

India won the field hockey, the first of six straight gold medals

Hungary won the first of seven straight gold medals in team sabre fencing

Crown Prince Olav of Norway was part of the crew that won the six-metre yachting event

100m freestyle – Johnny Weissmuller

4 x 200m freestyle relay – USA, including Johnny Weissmuller

100m and 200m – Percy Williams (Canada)

100m. Silver – Jack London (GB)

5000m – Ville Ritola (Finland). Silver – Nurmi

10000m – Nurmi. Silver – Ritola. Nurmi’s ninth gold medal

Marathon – Boughera El Ouafi (France). Born in Algeria

400m hurdles – (Lord) David Burghley

3000m steeplechase. Silver – Nurmi

Triple jump – Mikio Oda (Japan). Asia’s first gold medal in an individual event. The pole that bore the Olympic flag during the 1964 Olympics was 15.21 metres high in honour of Oda’s jump

Hammer – Patrick O’Callaghan (Ireland). Retained the title in 1932

Women’s 100m – Betty Robinson (USA). The first women’s track event to be contested in the Olympics

Women’s high jump – Ethel Catherwood (Canada), known as ‘The Saskatoon Lily’

Single sculls – Henry ‘Bobby’ Pearce (Australia). Won his quarter-final despite stopping to let a family of ducks pass. Won the gold medal, and retained the title in 1932

'''1932''' '''Los Angeles''' (X)

Football tournament cancelled due to lack of entrants

First Games to make a profit

First Games to last 16 days. The duration of the Olympics has remained between 15 and 18 days ever since

Medal ceremonies took place shortly after each event has finished. Previously, the medals were presented at the closing ceremony

At the victory ceremonies the medal winners stood on a victory podium, the flag of the winner was raised, and the national anthem was played

Official automatic timing was introduced for the track events, as well as the photo-finish camera

Prohibition was suspended to allow foreign athletes to import and drink wine

Main stadium – Memorial Coliseum

Olympic Village for male athletes created for the first time

Demonstration sports – American football and lacrosse

In order to finance their visit, the Brazilians travelled with a cargo of coffee

Franz and Toni Schmid won an Olympic prize for mountaineering after they were the first to scale the north face of the Matterhorn

Nurmi was not allowed to compete, as he was classed as a professional

Sprinter Liu Changchun was the first and only representative of China

Mildred ‘Babe’ Didrikson Zaharias won two gold medals (80m hurdles, javelin) and one silver medal (high jump)

Bertil Sandstrom (Sweden) was relegated to last place in the dressage for encouraging his horse by making clicking noises

Men’s 400m freestyle – Clarence ‘Buster’ Crabbe, who was signed by Paramount Studios

Japanese swimmers won gold in all other men’s swimming events

1500m freestyle – Kusuo Kitamura (Japan). Aged 14, the youngest male to win an Olympic gold medal in an individual event in any sport

Women’s 100m freestyle, 400m freestyle – Helene Madison (USA). Also won gold medal in 4 x 100m relay

Women’s 100m backstroke – Eleanor Holm (USA). Holm was banned from the 1936 Olympics due to indiscipline on the boat (SS ''Manhattan'') to Germany

Maria Lenk was the first Brazilian and South American woman to participate in the Summer Olympic Games, in swimming

100m – Eddie Tolan (USA)

800m – Tommy Hampson

400m hurdles – Bob Tisdall (Ireland). Silver – Glenn Hardin (USA), who was awarded the world record as Tisdall knocked over a hurdle

3000m steeplechase – Volmari Iso-Hollo (Finland), who retained the title in 1936. Thomas Evenson (GB) won silver, but should have won bronze as an extra lap was run by mistake

50 km walk – Tommy Green

Gymnastics events included rope climbing, club swinging, and tumbling

Women’s 100m champion, Stanislawa Walasiewicz, known as Stella Walsh, was a Polish athlete with ambiguous genitalia and a condition known as mosaicism in which she had both male and female chromosomes

Freestyle wrestling light heavyweight – Pete Mehringer (USA). Perfected his technique by taking a correspondence course

'''1936''' '''Berlin''' (XI)

A boycott proposal led by Ernest Jahnke in the USA was narrowly defeated

An alternative People’s Olympics was scheduled to take place in Barcelona, but was cancelled when the Spanish Civil War broke out

During the long jump competition, Owens’ German rival, Luz Long, publicly befriended him

Torch relay was introduced. Olympia to Berlin. Torch designed by Lemcke

25 large TV screens were set up throughout Berlin

Official film – ''Olympia'', directed by Leni Riefenstahl

Basketball, canoeing and handball were introduced

Basketball final, won by USA, was played outdoors in heavy rain

Handball was played on a football patch with two teams of 11

Polo was included for the last time

13-year-old Marjorie Gestring (USA) won the gold medal in springboard diving

12-year-old Inge Sorenson (Denmark) won the bronze medal in the 200m breaststroke, making her the youngest medalist ever in an individual event

Hendrika Mastenbroek (Netherlands) won three gold medals in swimming

Jack Beresford (GB) won a gold medal in the double sculls event, marking the fifth Olympics at which he earned a medal

Jacob Thams (Norway) won a silver medal in yachting. In 1924 he won the ski jump at the first Winter Olympics

GB team ‘eyes right’ instead of Nazi salute at opening ceremony

100m – Jesse Owens. Silver – Ralph Metcalfe (USA), who also won silver in 1932

200m – Jesse Owens

400m. Silver – Godfrey Brown

1500m – Jack Lovelock (NZ)

Finland won all three10000m medals

Marathon – Sohn Kee-chung (Korea), who was forced to adopt a Japanese name as Korea was occupied by Japanese forces

4 x 100m relay – USA, including Owens

4 x 400m relay – GB. Godfrey Rampling was a member of the team

50 km walk – Harry Whitlock

Long jump – Jesse Owens. Silver – Luz Long

Long was posthumously awarded the Pierre de Coubertin Medal for Sportsmanship

Decathlon – Glenn Morris (USA)

Women’s 4 x 100m relay – USA, including Betty Robinson, who was injured in a plane crash in 1931

Dora Ratjen competed in the high jump at the Olympics for Germany, but in 1938 was found to be a man called Heinrich Ratjen

Peru withdrew from the Games in protest at being ordered to replay a quarter-final football match after beating Austria

Rowing eights – USA. All members of the University of Washington

Ilona Elek (Hungary) was was the first woman to win two Olympic gold medals in the individual foil competition, in 1936 and 1948. Won silver in same event in 1952

1940 Tokyo; Helsinki (XII)

The 1940 Olympics were awarded to Japan, but when Japan invaded China in 1937 the games were reassigned to Helsinki. When Soviet troops invaded Finland in 1939, the games were cancelled

1944 London (XIII)

The 1944 Olympics were scheduled for London, but were cancelled due to World War II

'''1948''' '''London''' (XIV)

Germany and Japan were banned. A record 59 nations took part

Soviet Union were invited to compete, but declined

Opening ceremony in Wembley Stadium on 29 July. Games opened by King George VI

The first political defection took place. Marie Provaznikova, the president of women’s gymnastics, refused to return to Czechoslovakia

Women’s canoeing was held for the first time

First photo finish in Olympics

Starting blocks used for the first time

Demonstration sports – lacrosse and Swedish system team gymnastics

Rowing events were held at Henley

Audrey Patterson became the first black woman to earn an Olympic medal, in 200m

Alice Coachman (USA) became the first black woman to win a gold medal, in the high jump

Fanny Blankers-Koen won four gold medals – 100m, 200m, 80m hurdles, 4 x 100m relay

Shirley Strickland won bronze in 100m and 80m hurdles

First time that the Women’s 200m was run

Concert pianist Micheline Ostermeyer (France) won the shot put and the discus

Sweden were disqualified from the dressage as one of their members was only a noncommissioned officer and thus ineligible to compete

Emil Zatopek won gold in 10000m and silver in 5000m

Vicki Draves (USA) became the first female diver to win two gold medals in one Olympics

100m – Harrison Dillard (USA)

5000m – Gaston Reiff (Belgium)

Hammer – Imre Nemeth (Hungary)

Decathlon – Bob Mathias (aged 17). Retained the title in 1952

Women’s 80m hurdles. Silver – Maureen Gardner (GB)

Women’s high jump. Silver – Dorothy Tyler, who won the silver medal in 1936 as Dorothy Odam

Middleweight – Laszlo Papp (Hungary)

Kayak singles 100m – Gert Fredriksson (Sweden). Retained the title in 1952 and 1956, and six gold medals in total

Cycling sprint. Silver – Reg Harris

Sailing events held in Torbay

Harold Sakata won the silver medal for USA in light heavyweight weightlifting. He wrestled professionally using the name Tosh Togo

GB gold medals in 1948 Olympics – Dickie Burnell and Bert Bushnell (double skulls),

Jack Wilson and William Laurie (coxless pairs), Morris and Bond (swallow class yachting)

Dickie Burnell and his father Charles Burnell are the only father and son in Olympic history to have won gold medals in rowing. First father and son to win Olympic gold medals

Burnell and Bushnell were coached by Jack Beresford

William Laurie is the father of Hugh Laurie

Star class yachting – gold and silver medals both won by father-son teams

'''1952''' '''Helsinki''' (XV)

Germany invited back. West Germany competed as the Federal Republic of Germany. East Germany, as the German Democratic Republic, did not send any athletes to the 1952 Games

Japan invited back

The Soviet Union entered for the first time

Israel made their first appearance

China competed, but Taipei did not. China’s first appearance at the Summer Olympic Games after 1952 was the 1984 Summer Olympics

Saar Protectorate competed for the only time

Male civilians and women were allowed to enter dressage for the first time

Women’s individual gymnastics introduced

Flame lit by Nurmi and Kolehmainen

Demonstration sports – baseball and rugby

Zatopek won 10000m, 5000m and marathon. His wife, Dana, won the javelin

Aleksandra Chudina (Russia) won medals in the long jump, high jump and javelin

Lars Hall (Sweden) became the first non-military winner of the modern pentathlon. Retained the title in 1956

1500m – Josy Barthel (Luxembourg). 4th Roger Bannister

5000m – Emil Zatopek (Czechoslovakia). 4th Gordon Pirie. 5th Chris Chataway

Alain Mimoun (France) was second in 5000m and 10000m

4 x 400m relay – Jamaica

110m hurdles – Harrison Dillard (USA)

Pole vault – Bob Richards (USA). Known as ‘The Vaulting Vicar’. Retained the title in 1956

Triple jump – Adhemar da Silva (Brazil). Retained the title in 1956

Shot put – Parry O’Brien (USA). Retained the title in 1956

Women’s 100m and 200m – Marjorie Jackson (Australia)

Women’s 80m hurdles – Shirley Strickland de la Hunty (Australia). Retained the title in 1956

Pat McCormick (USA) won both women’s diving gold medals in 1952 and 1956

Light Middleweight – Laszlo Papp. Retained the title in 1956

Middleweight – Floyd Patterson

Heavyweight – Ed Sanders (USA) defeated Ingemar Johansson in the final. Johansson was disqualified for not ‘giving of his best’

Show jumping team – GB (Wilf White, Duggie Stewart, and Harry Llewellyn riding Foxhunter). Only gold medal won by GB

Football – Hungary. Team included Ferenc Puskas

Jacques Anquetil won a bronze medal as part of the French time trial team

Heavyweight wrestling. Bronze – Ken Richmond. Became a gongman seen on Rank films

Tommy Kono (USA) won a weightlifting gold medal at both the 1952 and 1956 Olympic Games, and a silver medal at the 1960 Olympics

'''1956''' '''Melbourne''' (XVI)

Melbourne beat Buenos Aires by one vote

Equestrian events were held in Stockholm in May due to Australia’s six-month quarantine law imposed on foreign horses

Egypt, Iraq and Lebanon withdrew in protest at the Suez Canal invasion

Netherlands, Spain and Switzerland withdrew in protest at the Soviet invasion of Hungary

People’s Republic of China withdrew because the Republic of China (under the name Formosa) had been allowed to compete

West and East Germany entered a combined team

North Borneo competed for the only time

Games opened by Duke of Edinburgh in Melbourne Cricket Ground

Ron Clarke lit the Olympic flame

John Landy gave the Olympic oath

In the closing ceremony, the athletes entered the stadium together for the first time

Laszlo Papp of Hungary became the first boxer to win three gold medals

The butterfly stroke was separated from the breaststroke, and was contested over 200m

Underwater swimming was banned from the breaststroke after the Olympics

Australia won all the freestyle races

Hammer gold medalist Harold Connolly (USA) married discus gold medalist Olga Fikotova (Czechoslovakia)

The water polo semi-final between Hungary and the Soviet Union degenerated into a brawl, and is known as ‘the blood in the water match’. Ervin Zador had his eyebrow cut open

100m freestyle – Jon Henricks (Australia)

400m and 1500m freestyle – Murray Rose (Australia)

100m backstroke – David Thiele (Australia). Retained the title in 1960

Dawn Fraser won her first gold medal, in Women’s 100m freestyle

Women’s 100m backstroke – Judy Grinham

100m and 200m – Bobby Morrow (USA)

800m – Tom Courtney (USA). Silver – Derek Johnson (GB)

1500m – Ron Delany (Ireland)

5000m – Vladimir Kuts (Soviet Union). Silver – Pirie. Bronze – Ibbotson

10000m – Kuts

Marathon – Alain Mimoun, after a false start

Lee Calhoun (USA) won the 110m hurdles and retained the title in 1960

Glenn Davis (USA) won the 400m hurdles and retained the title in 1960

3000m steeplechase – Chris Brasher. First Briton to win a gold medal in track and field since 1932. GB’s only track and field gold medal

Discus – Al Oerter. Retained the title in 1960, 1964 and 1968

Women’s 100m and 200m – Betty Cuthbert (Australia)

Women’s 4 x 100m relay – Australia, including Shirley Strickland de la Hunty

Flyweight – Terry Spinks

Lightweight – Dick McTaggart. Won bronze in same event in 1960

Women’s foil – Gillian Sheen (GB)

Rings – Albert Azaryan (Soviet Union). Inventor of the Olympic cross

Women’s All-Around – Larissa Latynina. Retained the title in 1960

Team show jumping. Bronze – GB, including Pat Smythe

Football – Russia, with Lev Yashin in goal

'''1960''' '''Rome''' (XVII)

USSR won most gold medals

Gymnastics took place in the Caracalla Baths

Wrestling took place in the Basilica of Maxentius

Marathon finished beneath the Arch of Constantine

Official Olympic hymn adopted

Egypt and Syria, as the United Arab Republic, competed

Athletes from the West Indies Federation competed under the name Antilles

Knud Enemark Jensen of Denmark participated in the 1960 Games riding under the influence of amphetamines. He collapsed during the 100 km team time trial, fracturing his skull, and in a nearby Rome hospital shortly thereafter, he was pronounced dead

Dawn Fraser became the first woman to defend an Olympic swimming title

200m breaststroke – Anita Lonsbrough

100m – Armin Hary (Germany). Bronze – Peter Radford (GB). First non-American winner since 1928

200m – Livio Berruti (Italy). First non-American in Olympic history to win 200m

Peter Snell won the 800m and retained the title in 1964

1500m – Herb Elliott (Australia)

Marathon – Abebe Bikila. First black African Olympic champion

50 km walk – Don Thompson

Germany won the men’s 4 x 100m relay after the USA team was disqualified

Long jump – Ralph Boston

Triple jump – Josef Schmidt (Poland). Retained the title in 1964

Decathlon – Rafer Johnson

Wilma Rudolph became the first American woman to win three track and field gold medals (100m, 200m, 4 x 100m relay) at an Olympiad

Women’s 100m – Wilma Rudolph (USA). Silver – Dorothy Hyman

Women’s 200m – Wilma Rudolph. Bronze – Dorothy Hyman

Women’s 80m hurdles – Iryna Press (Soviet Union). Silver – Carole Quinton (GB)

Women’s high jump – Iolanda Balas (Romania). Retained the title in 1964

Women’s high jump. Silver – Dorothy Shirley (GB)

Women’s shot put – Tamara Press. Retained the title in 1964. Sister of Iryna Press

Light Heavyweight – Cassius Clay. Silver – Pietryskowsky (Poland)

Light-welterweight boxer Ike Quartey (Ghana) became the first black African Olympic medalist

Show jumping – Raimondo D’Inzeo. Silver – Piero D’Inzeo (brother of Raimondo). Bronze – David Broome

Danish cyclist Knud Jensen died from a drug overdose during the road race. His death led the International Olympic Committee to form a medical commission in 1967 and institute drug testing at the 1968 Summer Olympics

King Constantine II of Greece won a gold medal in sailing (Dragon Class)

Paul Elvstrom (Denmark) won the gold medal in Finn class yachting for the fourth successive games

Pakistan beat India in the final of the field hockey, to win their first ever gold medal

Boris Shakhlin won four gymnastics gold medals, two silver medals and a bronze medal to add to the two gold medals he had won in 1956

'''1964''' '''Tokyo''' (XVIII)

Final torchbearer Yoshinori Sakai was born in Hiroshima on the day of the atomic bomb

South Africa were banned

Games opened by Emperor Hirohito

In 1962 Indonesia refused to let Israel and Taiwan compete in the Asian Games, and was suspended by the IOC. Indonesia withdrew its team from the Olympics, as did North Korea

Judo and volleyball were introduced. Women’s volleyball was the first ever women’s team sports event at an Olympic Games

Last Games to use a cinder running track

TV broadcast to USA was first TV programme to cross the Pacific Ocean

A qualifying football match between Peru and Argentina in Lima was suspended leading to riots in which 328 people died

Ewa Klobukowska (Poland) won the gold medal in the women's 4 x100m relay and the bronze medal in the women's 100m. Klobukowska failed a traditional gender test for European Cup women's track and field competition in Kiev in 1967 and was subsequently banned from competing in professional sports

Larysa Latynina brought her career medal total to 18

American swimmer Don Schollander won four gold medals (100m freestyle, 400m freestyle and two relays)

100m freestyle. Silver – Bobby McGregor (GB)

Dawn Fraser won the 100m freestyle for the third time

100m – Bob Hayes, in 10.0 seconds

1500m – Peter Snell

10000m – Billy Mills (USA). Bronze – Ron Clarke

3000m steeplechase – Gaston Roelants (Belgium). Silver – Maurice Herriott (GB)

400m hurdles. Silver – John Cooper

20 km walk – Ken Matthews

50 km walk. Silver – Paul Nihill

Marathon – Abebe Bikila. Silver – Basil Heatley (GB)

Abebe Bikila became the first repeat winner of the marathon, six weeks after having his appendix removed

High jump – Valery Brumel (Soviet Union)

Long jump – Lynn Davies. Silver – Ralph Boston

Women’s 100m – Wyomia Tyus (USA). Retained the title in 1968

Women’s 400m – Betty Cuthbert. Silver – Ann Packer. First time the event was held

Women’s 800m – Ann Packer

Women’s long jump – Mary Rand. First British woman to win an Olympic gold medal in track and field

Women’s discus – Tamara Press

Pentathlon – Iryna Press. Silver – Mary Rand. 4th Mary Peters

Women’s 4 x 100m relay. Bronze – GB, including Mary Rand

Heavyweight – Joe Frazier

Women’s All-Around – Vera Caslavska (Czechoslovakia). Retained the title in 1968

Super heavyweight – Leonid Zhabotynsky. Retained the title in 1968

Football – Hungary. Retained the title in 1968

Volleyball – Soviet Union. Retained the title in 1968

Women’s volleyball – Japan

Featherweight wrestling – Osamu Watanabe (Japan). Won every match without conceding a point

Although Japan dominated three of the four judo weight divisions (light, middle and heavy), Anton Geesink (Netherlands) won the final of the open weight division, defeating Akio Kaminaga in front of his home crowd

Hockey – India

Epee. Silver – Bill Hoskyns. The last individual fencing medal won by GB

'''1968''' '''Mexico City''' (XIX)

Detroit, Lyon and Buenos Aires bid unsuccessfully

The high altitude (2300m) proved disastrous for many endurance athletes but led to world records in all the men’s races of 400m or shorter

Bob Beamon’s world record long jump of 8.90m stood for 22 years

Lee Evan’s world record of 43.86 in the 400m stood for 19 years

First Games to a synthetic athletics track

Demonstration sport – Pelota basque

Norma de Sotelo was the first woman to light Olympic flame

First Summer Games to include sex testing for women

First Games to have a mascot – an unnamed red jaguar

Every gold medal winner was required to undergo a drug test

Wyomia Tyus (USA) became the first repeat winner of the 100m

Vera Caslavska (Czechoslovakia) won four gold medals and two silver medals. Married Josef Odlozil at the Olympics

Mikhail Voronin and his wife Zinaida Voronina won 10 gymnastics medals between them

Al Oerter (USA) won the discus for the fourth time

Protest by Tommie Smith (gold) and John Carlos (bronze) at medal ceremony for 200m. Peter Norman (Australia) won the silver medal. All three athletes on the podium wore OPHR (Olympic Project for Human Rights) badges

First drug disqualification – modern pentathlete Hans-Gunnar Liljenwall (Sweden) tested positive for excessive alcohol

Klaus Dibiasi became the first Italian to earn swimming or diving gold, winning the platform. He also won gold in the platform in 1972 and 1976

100m and 200m freestyle – Mike Wenden (Australia)

Mike Burton (USA) won gold in the 400m and 1500m freestyle, and in the 1500m at the 1972 Summer Olympics

100m backstroke – Roland Matthes (GDR). Matthes won four gold medals and married Kornelia Ender

200m butterfly. Silver – Martin Woodroffe

Debbie Meyer (USA) became the first swimmer to win three individual gold medals in one Olympics (200m, 400m, and 800m)

Mark Spitz won two gold medals, one silver medal and one bronze medal

100m – Jim Hines. First 100m final with eight black athletes

200m – Tommie Smith. Silver – Peter Norman. Bronze – John Carlos

400m – Lee Evans. USA won all three medals, and showed support for Tommie Smith on the podium

1500m – Kip Keino. Silver – Jim Ryun

5000m – Mohamed Gammoudi (Tunisia)

110m hurdles – Willie Davenport (USA)

400m hurdles – David Hemery. Bronze – John Sherwood

Hemery received his gold medal from David Burghley

High jump – Dick Fosbury

Pole vault – Bob Seagren

Long jump – Bob Beamon. Silver – Klaus Beer (GDR). Bronze – Ralph Boston

Triple jump – Victor Saneyev (Soviet Union). Retained the title in 1972 and 1976

Decathlon – Bill Toomey

Women’s 200m – Irena Szewinska (Poland)

Raelene Boyle (Australia) won silver in 200m, and silver in 100m and 200m in 1972

Women’s 400m – Colette Besson (France). Silver – Lillian Board

Women’s long jump. Silver – Sheila Sherwood

Middleweight – Chris Finnegan

Heavyweight – George Foreman

Three-day event. Silver – Derek Allhusen (GB)

Three-day event, team – GB (Allhusen, Richard Meade riding Cornishman V, Reuben Jones)

Show jumping – Bill Steinkraus (USA). Silver – Marion Coakes, riding Stroller. Bronze – David Broome, riding Mister Softee

Flying Dutchman – GB (Rodney Pattison, Iain Macdonald-Smith)

Rodney Pattisson also won a gold medal at the 1972 Olympics and a silver medal at the 1976 Olympics, all in the Flying Dutchman class. He was Great Britain’s most successful Olympic yachtsman until Ben Ainslie overtook him with three gold medals at three different Olympic Games at the 2008 Olympics

Trap – Bob Braithwaite

'''1972''' '''Munich''' (XX)

Candidate cities – Detroit, Madrid and Montreal

On 5 September, eight Palestinian terrorists from the Black September faction broke into the Olympic village. Two Israelis were killed and nine taken hostage. At Furstenfeldbruck military airport, all nine Israeli hostages were killed, as were five of the terrorists and one policeman. Competition resumed after a pause of 34 hours. Avery Brundage insisted “The Games must go on!”

Archery and handball were re-introduced

Athletes’ oath sworn by a woman for the first time

Officials’ oath taken for the first time

Official emblem – the ‘Bright Sun’

Official slogan – ‘the Happy Games’

Slalom canoeing was introduced

Women’s 1500m run for the first time

First games to have a named mascot – Waldi the dachshund

Mark Spitz won seven gold medals (100, 200m, 100m butterfly, 200m butterfly, 4 x 100 freestyle relay, 4 x 200m freestyle relay, 4 x 100m medley relay)

The last gold medal won by Spitz was the 100m freestyle, beating Jerry Heidenreich (USA)

Wrestler Chris Taylor (USA) weighed 412 pounds, and is the heaviest athlete in Olympic history

British horse Cornishman V appeared in ''Dead Cert'' and ''International Velvet''

Aged 69, Lorna Johnstone became the oldest ever British competitor to appear in the Olympic Games, in the Dressage

Since 1936, USA teams had won 62 straight basketball games and seven straight gold medals before losing the final to USSR. Aleksandr Belov scored the winning basket in a 51-50 victory in the last second

Rick DeMont (USA) won the gold medal in the 400m freestyle, but was disqualified as his asthma medicine, Marax, contained ephedrine. The gold medal was awarded to Brad Cooper (Australia)

200m breaststroke – John Hencken (USA). Silver – David Wilkie

Women’s 200m freestyle – Shane Gould. Silver – Shirley Babashoff

Women’s 400m freestyle – Shane Gould

After winning the 200m individual medley, Shane Gould was presented with a worn-out toy kangaroo by Dawn Fraser

100m – Valeriy Borzov. Some American athletes missed their heats as their coaches failed to inform them of a change in start time

200m – Valeriy Borzov

400m – Vince Matthews (USA). Silver – Wayne Collett (USA). Both athletes were banned from further competition for lack of respect during the medal ceremony

800m – Dave Wottle (USA). Wore a golf cap. Known as “The Head Waiter” and “the Throttle”

1500m – Pekka Vasala (Finland). Silver – Keino. 5th Brendan Foster

5000m – Lasse Viren. Silver – Gammoudi. Bronze – Ian Stewart

10000m – Viren. Silver – Emiel Puttemans. 6th Dave Bedford. Viren fell during the race

Marathon – Frank Shorter (USA). A hoaxer ran a full lap of the track

110m hurdles – Rod Milburn (USA)

400m hurdles – John Akii-Bua (Uganda). Bronze – Hemery

3000m steeplechase – Kip Keino

4 x 400m relay – Kenya. Silver – GB (Martin Reynolds, Alan Pascoe, David Hemery, David Jenkins)

Dwight Stones won bronze in the high jump in 1972 and 1976

Pole vault – Wolfgang Norgwig (GDR). Silver – Seagren. First non-US winner. Controversy over banning of the new model of Cata-Poles

Women’s 100m and 200m – Renate Stecher (GDR)

Women’s 4 x 100m relay – Germany, including Heide Rosendahl

Women’s high jump – Ulrike Meyfarth (Germany). Aged 16, Meyfarth became the youngest person to win an individual track and field gold medal in the Olympics

Women’s long jump – Heide Rosendahl

Women’s javelin – Ruth Fuchs (GDR). Retained the title in 1976

Pentathlon – Mary Peters. Silver – Heide Rosendahl

Light Middleweight. Bronze – Alan Minter

Heavyweight – Teofilo Stevenson. Retained the title in 1976 and 1980

Half-heavyweight judo. Silver – Dave Starbrook. Won bronze in same event in 1976

Three-day event – Richard Meade, riding Laurieston

Three-day event, team – GB (Richard Meade, Mary Gordon-Watson riding Cornishman V, Bridget Parker)

Show jumping. Silver – Ann Moore, riding Psalm

High bar – Mitsuo Tsukahara. Retained the title in 1976. First gymnast to perform the vault sideways

Women’s All-Around – Lyudmila Turischeva

Olga Korbut from Belarus won gold medals in floor and beam, and in the team event. Known as ‘the sparrow from Minsk’

Uneven bars – Karin Janz (GDR). Silver – Korbut

Sailing events held at Kiel, along with water skiing (demonstration sport)

Flying Dutchman – GB (Rodney Pattison, Chris Davies)

After the Tempest event, Allen Warren and David Hunt set their boat (Gift ‘Orse) on fire after performing poorly

Super heavyweight – Vassily Alekseyev. Retained the title in 1976

'''1976''' '''Montreal''' (XXI)

Candidate cities – Los Angeles and Moscow

Many citizens regard the Olympiad as a financial disaster for the city as it faced debts for 30 years after the Games had finished

Julius Nyerere of Tanzania called for a boycott because the New Zealand rugby team had toured South Africa. 26 African nations, Iraq and Guyana boycotted the games

The Republic of China (Taiwan) team withdrew after Canada's government informed it that it could not compete under the name ‘Republic of China’

Mascot – Amik, a beaver

Games opened by the Queen

Olympic flame was sent in the form of electronic signal to a receiver where it was restored to a physical flame

Canada remains the only host nation of a Summer Olympics that did not win at least one gold medal in its own games

Women’s events were included for the first time in basketball, rowing and handball

Irena Szewinska (Poland) won the 400m, bringing her career total to seven medals (three gold medals), in five different events (100m, 200m, 400m, 4 x 100m and long jump)

Miklos Nemeth (Hungary) won the javelin to become the first son of a track and field gold medalist to win a gold medal – his father, Imre, had won the hammer in 1948

Clarence Hill won a bronze medal in boxing to give Bermuda the honour of being the least populous nation ever to win a medal in the Summer Olympics

Cycling events held indoors for the first time

USA won 12 of the 13 men’s swimming events

James Montgomery (USA) became the first person to swim under 50 seconds in the 100m freestyle final. Jack Babashoff (brother of Shirley) won the silver medal

100m backstroke – John Naber (USA)

200m backstroke – John Naber broke the two-minute barrier

100m breaststroke – John Hencken (USA). Silver – David Wilkie

200m breaststroke – David Wilkie. Silver – John Hencken

East Germany won 11 of the 13 women’s swimming events. East German men only won one swimming medal, a bronze for Roland Matthes in the 100m backstroke

Kornelia Ender won four gold medals

100m freestyle – Kornelia Ender. Bronze medal won by Enith Brigitha (Netherlands), the first black swimmer to win an Olympic medal. Born in Curacao

200m freestyle – Kornelia Ender, silver – Shirley Babashoff. Ender won the 100m butterfly 27 minutes earlier

Babashoff won one gold medal (freestyle relay) and four silver medals

100m – Hasely Crawford (Trinidad). Silver – Don Quarrie (Jamaica)

200m – Don Quarrie

Alberto Juantorena (Cuba) became the first person to win the 400m and 800m double. Known as ‘White Lightning’

Ivo van Damme won silver in the 800m and 1500m

1500m – John Walker

5000m – Viren. 5th Brendan Foster

10000m – Viren. Bronze – Foster. Viren accused of advertising after taking off his shoes, so the logo of the manufacturer could be seen

Marathon – Waldemar Cierpinski (GDR). Retained the title in 1980

Frank Shorter won silver in the marathon. Lasse Viren was fifth

110m hurdles – Guy Drut

400m hurdles – Ed Moses

Victor Saneyev of Soviet Georgia won his third triple jump gold medal

Geoff Capes finished 6th in the shot put, and finished 5th in 1980

Decathlon – Bruce Jenner

3000m steeplechase – Anders Garderud (Sweden)

Women’s 100m – Annegret Richter (West Germany). Only female athlete from outside Eastern Europe to win a track gold medal

Women’s 200m – Barbel Eckert (Wockel). Retained the title in 1980

Women’s 400m – Irena Szewinska

Women’s 800m and 1500m – Tatyana Kazankina (Soviet Union)

Women’s high jump – Rosemarie Ackermann (GDR)

Light Welterweight – Sugar Ray Leonard

Middleweight – Michael Spinks

Light Heavyweight – Leon Spinks

Open Class judo. Silver – Keith Remfry

Show jumping – Alwin Schockemohle

Women’s All-Around – Nadia Comaneci (aged 14). Silver – Nelli Kim. Comaneci scored the first 10, on the uneven bars. Comaneci scored seven 10s (shown as 1.00 as the scoreboard could only display three figures), and Kim scored two

Nadia Comaneci won three gold medals, one silver and one bronze

Women’s floor – Nelli Kim

Shun Fujimoto achieved fame by continuing to compete in the team event right after breaking his knee during the floor exercise, helping Japan to win gold in the team competition

Modern pentathlon – GB (Adrian Parker, Danny Nightingale, Jim Fox). Boris Onyschenko (Soviet Union) disqualified for having a push-button circuit breaker in his epee sword

Sailing events held at Kingston

Tornado – GB (Reg White, John Osborn)

Women’s basketball – Soviet Union, including Uļjana Semjonova, born in Latvia, who was 2.13m (6’ 11”) tall

Double sculls. Silver – GB (Mike Hart and Chris Bailliau)

'''1980''' '''Moscow''' (XXII)

Los Angeles was the only other candidate city

65 nations turned down their invitations, due to a USA-led boycott over the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan

15 national teams (including GB) marched under the Olympic flag, and had the Olympic hymn played at medal ceremonies

Mascot – Misha, a bear cub

Games opened by Leonid Brezhnev

Flame lit by Aleksandr Belov

Russian gymnast Nikolai Andrianov took the Athletes’ Oath and won five medals to bring his career total to 15 (seven gold, five silver and three bronze)

Alexandr Dityatin won eight gymnastic medals, and became the first male gymnast to receive a 10 in an Olympic competition, in the vault

Cuban super-heavyweight Teofilo Stevenson became the first boxer to win the same weight division three times

Vladimir Salnikov (Russia) broke the 15 minute barrier in the 1500m freestyle. He retained the title in 1988

Zimbabwe won the first women’s field hockey competition. The team was selected the weekend before the Olympics opened

100m breaststroke – Duncan Goodhew. GB’s first gold medal

200m butterfly. Silver – Philip Hubble

East Germany won 11 of the 13 women’s swimming events. East German men only won one swimming gold medal, Jorg Woithe in the 100m freestyle

Christiane Knacke (GDR) won bronze in the 100m butterfly. In 1998 she became the first Olympic athlete to volunteer to return her medals because she had been doped. The British representatives in the race were Ann and Janet Osgerby, 17-year-old twins

400m individual medley – Petra Schneider (GDR). Silver – Sharron Davies

100m – Allan Wells. Silver – Silvio Leonard

200m – Pietro Mennea (Italy). Silver – Allan Wells

800m – Ovett. Silver – Coe. 8th Dave Warren

1500m – Coe. Silver – Jurgen Straub (GDR). Bronze – Ovett. 8th Steve Cram

5000m and 10000m – Miruts Yifter (Ethiopia)

400m hurdles. Bronze – Gary Oakes

3000m steeplechase – Bronislaw Malinowski (Poland). Silver – Filbert Bayi

Decathlon – Daley Thompson

Heather Hunte (Oakes) reached the final of the 100m at the 1980 and 1984 Olympics

Three GB girls in 200m final – Smallwood, Goddard and Lannaman

Women’s 400m – Marita Koch (GDR). Silver – Kratochvilova (Czechoslovakia)

Women’s 1500m – Tatyana Kazankina

Women’s high jump – Sara Simeoni (Italy)

Nadia Comaneci won two gold medals and two silver medals

Heavyweight judo – Angelo Parisi (France), formerly a member of the British team

Open Class judo. Bronze – Arthur Mapp

Sailing events held at Tallinn

Basketball – Yugoslavia

Rowing eights – GB, coxed by Colin Moynihan

Coxless pairs – gold and silver teams were both identical twins

Individual sprint cycling – Lutz Hesslich (East Germany). Retained the title in 1988

Medal table – 1st Soviet Union 80 golds, 195 medals 2nd East Germany 47 golds, 126 medals, 3rd Bulgaria 8 golds

'''1984''' '''Los Angeles''' (XXIII)

No other cities bid for the Games

Profit of $223 million

Los Angeles Olympic Organizing Committee (LAOOC) oversaw the 1984 Games

14 nations stayed away as a result of a Soviet-led boycott, and held their own Friendship Games at the same time as the Olympics

The only Warsaw Pact country to compete was Romania, who finished second in the medal table

Iran and Libya also boycotted the Games, citing reasons other than Soviet support

During the opening ceremony Bill Suitor flew into the Coliseum powered by a Jet Pack

Mascot – Sam the Eagle. Games opened by Ronald Reagan. Oath taken by Ed Moses. Flame lit by Rafer Johnson (winner of decathlon in 1960)

Women’s 400m hurdles held for the first time

Men’s windsurfing (sailboard) included for the first time

Women’s events were included for the first time in rhythmic gymnastics, synchronized swimming and the cycling road race

Athletics

Carl Lewis matched Jesse Owens’ 1936 feat of winning the 100m, 200m, long jump and 4 x 100m relay

100m. Bronze – Ben Johnson

800m – Joaquim Cruz (Brazil). Silver – Coe

1500m – Coe. Silver – Cram. First time an athlete has retained the 1500m

5000m – Said Aouita (Morocco)

10000m. Silver – Mike McLeod

Marathon – Carlos Lopes (Portugal). Silver – John Treacy (Ireland). Bronze – Charlie Spedding. Lopes was hit by a car two weeks before the Olympics

110m hurdles – Roger Kingdom. Silver – Greg Foster

Nigel Walker represented GB in the 110m hurdles and later played rugby for Wales

400m hurdles – Ed Moses. Silver – Danny Harris. Second gold medal for Ed Moses

4 x 400m relay. Silver – GB (Kriss Akabusi, Gary Cook, Todd Bennett, Phil Brown)

Triple jump – Al Joyner. Bronze – Keith Connor

Al Joyner married Florence Griffith in 1987

Javelin. Silver – Dave Ottley

Pole vault – Pierre Quinon (France)

Decathlon – Daley Thompson. Silver – Jurgen Hingsen (Germany). Thompson failed to beat Hingsen’s world record by one point

Women’s 100m – Evelyn Ashford

Women’s 200m – Valerie Brisco-Hooks. Silver – Florence Griffith. 4th Kathy Cook

Women’s 400m – Valerie Brisco-Hooks. Bronze – Cook

First 200m / 400m double in Olympic history

Women’s 800m – Doina Melinte (Romania)

Women’s 100m hurdles. Silver – Shirley Strong

Women’s 400m hurdles – Nawal El Moutawakel (Morocco). First Muslim and first African Olympic champion

Women’s 3000m – Maricica Puica (Romania). Silver – Wendy Sly. 7th Zola Budd, who collided with Mary Decker

Joan Benoit (USA) won the first women’s marathon, ahead of Grete Waitz and Rosa Mota

Women’s high jump – Ulrike Meyfarth, to become the oldest person to win an Olympic high jump competition

Women’s shot put. 4th Judy Oakes

Women’s javelin – Tessa Sanderson. Silver – Tina Lillak (Finland). Bronze – Fatima Whitbread

First heptathlon won by Glynis Nunn (Australia). Silver – Jackie Joyner

Chandra Cheesborough (USA) became the first woman to win gold medals in both Olympic relays

USA won all four Olympic relays

Swimming

100m freestyle – Ambrose ‘Rowdy’ Gaines (USA)

200m freestyle – Michael Gross (Germany), 6’7”, known as ‘The Albatross’

The winner of the ‘B’ final in the 400m freestyle, Thomas Fahrner (Germany) posted a faster time than the gold medal winner, George DiCarlo (USA)

100m butterfly – Michael Gross

Women’s 400m freestyle – Tiffany Cohen (USA). Silver – Sarah Hardcastle, bronze – June Croft

Women’s 800. Bronze –Sarah Hardcastle

Women’s 100m and 200m butterfly – Mary Meagher. Known as ‘Madame Butterfly’

Tracy Caulkins won three gold medals (200m individual medley, 400m individual medley, 4 x 100m medley relay)

Boxing

Evander Holyfield won a bronze medal after a controversial disqualification in the second round of the Light Heavyweight semi-final against New Zealand's Kevin Barry. Barry was knocked out by Holyfield's illegal punch; under IABA health regulation he was not allowed to box for 28 days, so scratched from the final. Anton Josipovic (Yugoslavia) was awarded the gold medal without having to box

Super Heavyweight – Tyrell Biggs (USA). Biggs beat Lennox Lewis in the quarter-finals

Rowing

Coxed pairs – Abbagnale brothers (Italy). Retained the title in 1988

Coxed fours – GB (Martin Cross, Richard Budgett, Holmes, Redgrave; cox – Adrian Ellison)

Ann Callaway rowed in the women's eight. Married Steve Redgrave in 1988

Gymnastics

Parallel bars – Bart Conner (USA), who married Nadia Comaneci

Li Ning (China) won three gold medals, two silver medals and a bronze medal

Mary Lou Retton (USA), aged 16, first female gymnast outside Eastern Europe to win the Olympic all-around title

Ecaterina Szabo (Romania) won three of the four apparatus finals

Equestrian

Three-day event – Mark Todd, riding Charisma. Bronze – Virginia Holgate

Sailing

Sailing events held at Long Beach

Finn – Russell Coutts (NZ), who won the America’s Cup three times

Paul Elvstrom and his daughter Trine finished fourth in the Tornado class

Half-middleweight judo. Silver – Neil Adams

Super heavyweight wrestling – Bruce Baumgartner (USA). Retained the title in 1992 and won medals in 1988 and 1996

Modern pentathlon. 4th Richard Phelps

Small-bore rifle, three positions – Malcolm Cooper. Retained the title in 1988

Hockey. Bronze – GB

USA won men’s volleyball for the first time

David Mercer – last UK weightlifting medal, bronze

Tracy Ruiz (USA) won two gold medals in synchronized swimming

For the first time, professionals were allowed in the football tournament, as long as they had not played in the World Cup. France beat Brazil in the final, watched by 101,799 spectators at the Rose Bowl, Pasadena

'''1988''' '''Seoul''' (XXIV)

Nagoya was the only other candidate city

South Korea turned democratic in order to host the Summer Games

North Korea boycotted, and was joined by Cuba, Ethiopia and Nicaragua

At the Opening Ceremony the torch was run into the stadium by Sohn Kee-chung, the winner of the 1936 marathon. In 1936 Sohn had been forced to enter using a Japanese name because Korea was occupied by Japan

North Yemen competed as the Yemen Arab Republic

South Yemen competed as the Yemen Democratic Republic

''One Moment In Time'' – official song

Mascots – Hodori and Hosuni, two tigers

Table tennis was introduced

Tennis returned to the Olympics, having been left out since the 1924 Summer Olympics

Fencer Kerstin Palm (Sweden) became the first woman to take part in seven Olympics

Jan Boersma is the only Netherlands Antillean athlete to win an Olympic medal, a silver medal in sailing in 1988

Athletics

Ben Johnson won the 100m, but tested positive for the banned steroid stanozolol. Carl Lewis was awarded the gold medal, Linford Christie was awarded the silver medal, and Calvin Smith was awarded the bronze medal

Lewis became the first athlete to retain the 100m title

Christie tested positive for the banned stimulant Pseudophredine but was cleared by the IOC when it was discovered that the substance could have come from ginseng

200m – Joe DeLoach (USA). Silver – Carl Lewis

400m – Steven Lewis (USA). Silver – Butch Reynolds

1500m – Peter Rono (Kenya). Silver – Peter Elliott

5000m – John Ngugi (Kenya)

110m hurdles – Roger Kingdom. Silver – Colin Jackson

Colin Jackson competed in the next three Olympic finals

400m hurdles – Andre Phillips. Silver – Dia Ba (Senegal). Bronze – Ed Moses

3000m steeplechase. Bronze – Mark Rowland

4 x 100m relay. Silver – GB (Elliott Bunney, John Regis, Mike McFaralane, Linford Christie)

Pole vault – Sergei Bubka, his only Olympic medal

Long jump – Lewis. Silver – Mike Powell

Javelin – Tapio Korjus (Finland). Silver – Jan Zelezny (Czechoslovakia)

Decathlon. Silver – Torsten Voss (GDR), who switched to bobsleigh in 1994

Daley Thompson finished fourth in decathlon after his pole snapped in pole vault

Women’s 100m – Florence Griffith-Joyner. Silver – Ashford

Women’s 200m – Florence Griffith-Joyner

Women’s 1500m – Paula Ivan (Romania). 4th Christina Cahill (Boxer)

Women’s 3000m. Silver – Paula Ivan. Bronze – Yvonne Murray

Women’s 10000m held for the first time. Gold – Olga Bondarenko (Soviet Union). Silver – Liz McColgan

Women’s 400m hurdles – Debbie Flintoff-King (Austrtalia)

Women’s marathon – Rosa Mota

Women’s long jump – Jackie Joyner-Kersee

Women’s javelin – Petra Felke (GDR). Silver – Whitbread

Heptathlon – Jackie Joyner-Kersee. Retained the title in 1992

Florence Griffith-Joyner is the sister-in-law of Jackie Joyner-Kersee

Swimming

Kristin Otto became the first woman to win six gold medals (50m freestyle, 100m freestyle, 100m backstroke, 100m butterfly, and two relays) at an Olympic Games. Born in East Germany

Matt Biondi (USA) won seven medals including five gold medals (50m freestyle, 100m freestyle, and three relays)

100m breaststroke – Adrian Moorhouse

200m breaststroke. Silver – Nick Gillingham

100m butterfly – Anthony Nesty (Suriname). First black swimmer to win an Olympic gold medal

Janet Evans (USA) won three gold medals (400m freestyle, 800m freestyle, 400m individual medley) and also won the 800m freestyle in 1992

Boxing

After a bantamweight fight against Hristov (Bulgaria), Byun Jong-il sat in the ring for 67 minutes and staged a silent protest. Referee Keith Walker (New Zealand) was attacked

Heavyweight – Ray Mercer

Super Heavyweight – Lennox Lewis (Canada). Silver – Riddick Bowe

Light Middleweight – Park Si-hun. Silver – Roy Jones Jr. Park won all his fights on dubious decisions

Rowing

Pair-oared shell without coxswain, i.e. coxless pairs – GB (Holmes and Redgrave)

Coxed pair. Bronze – GB (Holmes and Redgrave)

Equestrian

Three-day event – Mark Todd, riding Charisma. Silver – Ian Stark. Bronze – Virginia Holgate

Sailing

Sailing events were held in Pusan

Canadian sailor Lawrence Lemieux saved two sailors in a Finn class race, and was awarded the Pierre de Coubertin Medal for Sportsmanship

Star – GB (Michael McIntyre, Philip Bryn Vaile)

Men’s single final – Mecir bt Mayotte

Women’s singles final – Graf bt Sabatini

Men’s doubles – USA (Flach and Seguso)

Women’s doubles – USA (Shriver and Garrison)

Greg Louganis (USA) became the first man to win both diving events twice, despite hitting his head on the springboard. Louganis tested HIV-positive six months before the Olympics

British judo player Kerrith Brown was stripped of his bronze medal after showing up positive for a diuretic

Super Heavyweight Greco-Roman wrestling – Alexandr Karelin (Soviet Union). Retained the title in 1992 and 1996

Women’s 1000m cycling sprint introduced

Modern pentathlon. Bronze – GB (Richard Phelps, Dominic Mahony, Graham Brookhouse)

Featherweight weightlifting – Naim Suleymanoglu (Turkey), who was born Naim Suliemanov in Bulgaria but defected to Turkey. Retained the title in 1992 and 1996

Super heavyweight – Aleksandr Kurlovich. Retained the title in 1992

Basketball – Soviet Union

Hockey – GB. Imran Sherwani scored two goals in the final against Germany

Honours for hockey team – OBE Richard Dodds (captain), MBE Sean Kerly, Stephen Martin

Women’s volleyball – Soviet Union. Silver – Peru

Bulgaria withdrew its athletes after two weightlifters were stripped of their gold medals after failing drugs tests

Hungarian fencer Pal Szekeres won a bronze medal at the 1988 Summer Olympics, then was disabled in a bus accident, and went on to win three gold medals and three bronze in wheelchair fencing at the Paralympics. He has the distinction of being the first person to have won medals at both the Olympic and Paralympic Games

'''1992''' '''Barcelona''' (XXV)

Birmingham and Brisbane bid unsuccessfully

Games opened by King Juan Carlos I

Estadi Olímpic Lluís Companys, formerly known as the Estadi Olímpic de Montjuic or Barcelona Olympic Stadium , was main stadium for the 1992 Summer Olympics

Cauldron lit by arrow fired by paralympic archer Antonio Rebollo

Independent teams from Estonia and Latvia made their first appearance since 1936, and Lithuania fielded its first team since 1928

The remaining ex-Soviet republics competed as the ‘Unified Team’, although individual winners were honoured by the raising of the flag of their own republic

Yugoslavia was banned from taking part in any team sports, but individual Yugoslav athletes were allowed to compete as ‘independent Olympic participants’

South Africa and unified Germany and Yemen teams participated

Mascot – Cobi, a cubist Catalan sheepdog

Musical theme – ''Barcelona'', written by Freddie Mercury, and sung by Montserrat Caballe

Badminton and women’s judo were added to the Olympic programme

Baseball, which had appeared as a demonstration sport at six Olympic Games, received full accreditation as a medal sport

Modern pentathlon team event contested for the last time

Women’s windsurfing (sailboard) included for the first time. Won by Barbara Kendall (New Zealand), brother of Bruce won won gold in 1988

Men’s basketball was opened to all professionals for the first time, leading to the creation of the US ‘Dream Team’

Athletics

Linford Christie became the oldest winner of the men’s 100m, aged 32. Silver – Frankie Fredericks (Namibia), who also won silver in the 200m

200m – Mike Marsh (USA)

400m – Quincy Watts (USA)

Derek Redmond was helped across the line in the 400m semi-final by his father after tearing a hamstring

1500m – Fermin Cacho Ruiz (Spain)

10000m – Khalid Skah (Morocco), with assistance from lapped teammate Hammou Boutayeb

400m hurdles – Kevin Young, beating Moses’ world record. Bronze – Kriss Akabusi

4 x 400m relay. Bronze – GB (Black, David Grindley, Akabusi, Regis)

High jump – Javier Sotomayor (Cuba)

Sergei Bubka failed to clear a height in the pole vault

Long jump – Lewis. Silver – Mike Powell

Triple jump – Mike Conley (USA)

Javelin – Zelezny, Bronze – Steve Backley

Women’s 100m – Gail Devers. Retained the title in 1996

Women’s 200m – Gwen Torrence

Juliet Cuthbert (Jamaica) won silver medal in 100m and 200m

Women’s 400m – Marie-Jose Perec (France)

Women’s 800m – Ellen van Langen (Holland)

Women’s 1500m – Hassiba Boulmerka (Algeria)

Derarta Tulu (Ethiopia) won the women’s 10000m, the first black African female gold medalist in Olympic history

Women’s 400m hurdles – Sally Gunnell. Silver – Sandra Farmer-Patrick (USA)

Evelyn Ashford was the oldest US women’s gold medalist in track and field, aged 35, in 4 x 100m relay. She is one of only six women to have won four gold medals in track and field Olympic history

Women’s 4 x 400m. Bronze – GB (Sally Gunnell, Phyllis Smith, Sandra Douglas, Jennifer Stoute)

Women’s long jump – Heike Drechsler (Germany)

Women’s javelin – 4th Tessa Sanderson

Swimming

Kieran Perkins (Australia) won the 1500m freestyle and retained the title in 1996

200m breaststroke. Bronze – Nick Gillingham

Krisztina Egerszegi (Hungary) won three gold medals (100m backstroke, 200m backstroke, 400m individual medley)

Boxing

Bantamweight. Silver – Wayne McCullough (Ireland)

Lightweight – Oscar De La Hoya. Only USA gold medal in boxing

Welterweight – Michael Carruth (Ireland). First Irish Olympic champion since Ron Delany in 1956

Light Middleweight. Bronze – Robin Reid

Heavyweight – Felix Savon (Cuba). Retained the title in 1996 and 2000

Rowing

Coxless pairs – GB (Redgrave and Pinsent)

Coxed pairs – GB (Johnny and Greg Searle; cox – Garry Herbert). Silver – Abbagnale brothers

Coxed pairs and coxed fours rowed for the last time

Spain’s cox in the eights, 11-year-old Carlos Front, was the youngest competitor in the Summer Games since 1900

Gymnastics

Vitaly Scherbo (Belarus) won six gold medals including a record four in one day

Women’s All-Around. Silver – Shannon Miller

Equestrian

Show jumping – Ludger Beerbaum (Germany). Also won three gold medals in three team competitions (1988, 1996, and 2000)

Cycling

Individual pursuit – Chris Boardman, riding a bike designed by Mike Burrows and built by Lotus. Silver – Jens Lehmann (Germany)

The gold and silver medals in the duet synchronized swimming were both won by identical twin sisters

Half-heavyweight judo. Silver – Ray Stevens

Women’s half-lightweight judo. Bronze – Sharon Rendle

Women’s lightweight judo. Silver – Nicola Fairbrother

Women’s middleweight judo. Bronze – Kate Howey

Archery individual. Bronze – Simon Terry (GB)

Table tennis singles – Jan-Ove Waldner (Sweden). He is known as "the Mozart of table tennis"

Deng Yaping (China) won the women’s table tennis singles and doubles, and repeated the feat in 1996

Men’s singles – Marc Rosset (Switzerland)

Men’s doubles – Germany (Becker and Stich)

Women’s singles – Jennifer Capriati. Silver – Graf

Women’s doubles – USA (Gigi and Mary Joe Fernandez)

Light heavyweight weightlifting – Pyrros Dimas (Greece). Ibragim Samadov dropped his bronze medal and walked away from the presentation ceremony. He was banned for life. Dimas retained the title in 1996 and 2000

Baseball – Cuba. Retained the title in 1996

Basketball – USA. ‘Dream Team’ managed by Chuck Daly, included Larry Bird, Magic Johnson, Scottie Pippen, Michael Jordan, Karl Malone, and Charles Barkley

Women’s hockey – Spain. Bronze – GB

Women’s volleyball – Cuba. Retained the title in 1996 and 2000

'''1996''' '''Atlanta''' (XXVI)

Manchester bid unsuccessfully

Bill Clinton opened the Games at the Centennial Olympic Stadium

The cauldron at the Opening Ceremony was lit by Muhammad Ali

On 27 July a bomb exploded at Centennial Olympic Park, killing one person

Beach volleyball, mountain biking, lightweight rowing, women’s football (won by USA), and softball were added to the Olympic programme

Professional cyclists allowed to race for the first time

Mascot – Izzy, an abstract figure

Official song – ''Reach''

Bruce Baumgartner carried US flag at opening ceremony

At the closing ceremony, Samaranch said “Well done Atlanta”, rather than calling the Olympiad the best yet, which he had done at every other previous Games under his presidency

Athletics

100m – Donovan Bailey. Linford Christie was disqualified for two false starts

Frankie Fredericks won silver in 100m and 200m

200m – Michael Johnson, in 19.32 seconds

400m – Michael Johnson. Silver – Roger Black

1500m – Morceli (Algeria)

El Guerrouj fell in 1500m

5000m – Niyongabo (Burundi)

10000m – Gebreselassie. Silver – Paul Tergat (Kenya)

110m hurdles – Allen Johnson (USA)

Marathon – Josia Thugwane. First black South African to win a gold medal

4 x 100m relay – Canada. Donovan Bailey ran the anchor leg

4 x 400m relay. Silver – GB (Iwan Thomas, Jamie Baulsh, Mark Richardson, Roger Black)

Carl Lewis won the long jump for the fourth time, becoming only the fourth person to win nine career gold medals

Triple jump – Kenny Harrison. Silver – Jonathan Edwards

Discus – Lars Riedel (Germany). Five times world champion

Javelin. Silver – Backley

Decathlon – Dan O’Brien (USA)

Devers became first woman to retain 100m since Tyus

Marie-Jose Perec (France, born in Guadeloupe) won the women’s 200m and 400m. First female athlete to defend the 400m title

Women’s 400m. Silver – Cathy Freeman

Women’s 800m – Svetlana Masterkova (Russia). Silver – Quirot (Cuba). Bronze – Mutola (Mozambique). 4th – Kelly Holmes

Women’s 1500m – Svetlana Masterkova

Women’s 5000m held for the first time. 5th Paula Radcliffe

Women’s high jump – Stefka Kostadinova (Bulgaria)

Women’s long jump – Ajunwa (Nigeria). Silver – Fiona May (Italy)

Women’s triple jump held for the first time. 4th Ashia Hansen

Heptathlon – Ghada Shouaa (Syria). Bronze – Denise Lewis

Swimming

Alexsandr Popov (Russia) won the 50m and 100m freestyle in 1992 and 1996. One month after the Olympics he was stabbed on the streets of Moscow

Popov was the first man to retain the 100m since Weissmuller in 1928

Gary Hall was second in the 50m and 100m freestyle

Paul Palmer (GB) won the silver medal in the 400m freestyle

Nick Gillingham finished fourth in the 200m breaststroke, but was moved up to third when Andrei Korneyev (Russia) tested positive for a stimulant. The following week the ban on bromantan was lifted and Korneyev was reinstated

Amy van Dyken became the first American woman to win four gold medals in one Olympics (50m freestyle, 100m butterfly, two relays)

Women’s 200m freestyle – Claudia Poll Ahrens (Costa Rica)

Michelle Smith (Ireland) won three gold medals (400m, 200m individual medley, 400m individual medley) and a bronze medal in the 200m butterfly. Married to Dutch discus thrower Erik de Bruin

100m breaststroke – Penny Heyns. First South African gold medalist since 1952. Heyns 200m breaststroke – Penny Heyns

Krisztina Egerszegi (Hungary) won the 200m backstroke for the third time, becoming the first woman swimmer to win five gold medals in individual events

Boxing

Welterweight – Oleg Saitov (Russia). Retained the title in 2000

Super Heavyweight – Wladimir Klitschko (Ukraine). Silver – Paea Wolfgramm from Tonga, who became the smallest nation to win a medal in the Summer Olympics

Rowing

Coxless pairs – GB (Redgrave and Pinsent). GB’s only gold medal

Gymnastics

Uneven bars – Svetlana Khorkina (Russia). Retained the title in 2000

Beam – Shannon Miller. First American woman gymnast to win an individual gold medal in an unboycotted Olympics

USA won the team event after Kerri Strug vaulted when injured

Equestrian

For the first time, kur, or freestyle dressage to music, was added to the competition

Sailing

Sailing events held at Savannah

Yachtsman Hubert Raudaschl (Austria) became the first person ever to compete in nine Olympics, between 1964 and1996

470. Silver – GB (John Merricks, Ian Walker)

Laser – Robert Scheidt (Brazil). Silver – Ben Ainslie

Sailboard – Lee Lai Shan, Hong Kong’s first ever gold medal

Cycling

Inaugural Road time trial – Miguel Indurain. Bronze – Chris Boardman

Road race. Bronze – Max Sciandri (GB)

Birgit Schmidt (Germany) won her fifth gold medal in kayak canoeing, 16 years after her first victory

Football teams were allowed to include three professionals regardless of their age or of their World Cup experience. Nigeria beat Argentina in the final, to become the first African country to win the title

Heavyweight judo – David Douillet (France). Retained the title in 2000

Heavyweight freestyle wrestling – Kurt Angle. Went on to star in WWE

Modern pentathlon changed from a five-day event to a one-day event

Men’s singles – Andre Agassi. His father boxed for Iran in the 1948 and 1952 Games

Men’s doubles – Australia (Woodbridge and Woodforde). Silver – GB (Neil Broad and Tim Henman)

Women’s singles – Lindsay Davenport

Women’s doubles – USA (Gigi and Mary Joe Fernandez)

Hockey – Netherlands. Retained the title in 2000

Women’s hockey – Australia. Retained the title in 2000

Women’s handball – Denmark. Retained the title in 2000

Softball – USA. Retained the title in 2000 and 2004

Paola Pezzo (Italy) became first Olympic champion in mountain biking. Retained the title in 2000

'''2000''' '''Sydney''' (XXVII)

Manchester bid unsuccessfully

Afghanistan was the only IOC nation not to participate

South Korea and North Korea marched together under the same flag but the athletes competed separately

East Timor competed under the IOA (Individual Olympic Athletes) banner

Tests to detect EPO and blood tests were introduced

Triathlon, taekwondo, trampoline and synchronized diving were added to the Olympic programme

Women’s events were added in weightlifting (China won four gold medals), water polo, and modern pentathlon

Modern pentathlon swimming cut from 300m to 200m

Mascots – Olly (Olympics) the kookaburra, Syd (Sydney) the platypus, and Millie (Millennium) the echidna

Birgit Fischer (Germany) won two gold medals in canoeing to become the first woman in Olympic history to win medals 20 years apart

Birgit Fischer was married to canoeist Jorg Schmidt from 1984 to 1993

Women’s 20 km walk and hammer held for the first time

For the first time in Olympic history, a married couple played against each other, in the women’s handball match between Denmark and Norway

Colombia won their first gold medal, in women’s weightlifting

Vietnam won their first medal, in taekwondo

Athletics

100m – Maurice Greene

200m – Konstantinos Kenteris (Greece). Silver – Darren Campbell

400m – Michael Johnson, aged 33. First athlete to retain 400m title

1500m. Silver – Hicham El Guerrouj (Morocco)

5000m – Millon Wolde (Ethiopia)

10000m – Haile Gebreselassie. Silver – Paul Tergat

400m hurdles – Angelo Taylor (USA). Also won in 2008

High jump – Charles Austin (USA). Bronze – Steve Smith

Long jump – Ivan Pedroso (Cuba)

Triple jump – Jonathan Edwards

Javelin – Jan Zelezny, Silver – Steve Backley

Backley is the only British track and field competitor to win medals at three different Olympic Games

Decathlon – Erki Nool (Estonia). Silver – Roman Sebrle (Czech Republic). 4th Dean Macey

Marion Jones won three gold medals (100m, 200m, 4 x 400m relay) and two bronze medals (long jump and 4 x 100m relay)

Women’s 100m – Marion Jones. Silver – Katerini Thanou. Bronze – Merlene Ottey

Ottey won three silver medals and six bronze medals between 1980 and 2000

Women’s 200m – Marion Jones

Women’s 400m – Cathy Freeman. Bronze – Katharine Merry. 4th Donna Fraser

Prior to the Olympics, Marie-Jose Perec left the Olympic Village in a cloud of controversy and did not compete in the 400m

Cathy Freeman was the first athlete to light the Olympic flame and go on to win a gold medal at the same Games

Women’s 800m – Maria Mutola. Silver – Stephanie Graf (Austria). Bronze – Holmes

Women’s 5000m – Gabriela Szabo (Romania). Silver – Sonia O’Sullivan

Women’s 10000m – Derarta Tulu. 4th Radcliffe

Women’s 400m hurdles – Irina Privalova. Won 100m bronze in 1992

Women’s 4 x 100m relay – Bahamas

Women’s pole vault held for the first time. Gold – Stacy Dragila (USA)

Women’s long jump – Heike Drechsler. Silver – May. Bronze – Marion Jones

Heptathlon – Denise Lewis

Swimming

50m freestyle won by Anthony Ervin, the first black swimmer to represent USA, in a dead heat with Gary Hall

100m freestyle – Peter van den Hoogenband (Netherlands). Silver – Popov. Eric Moussambani (Equatorial Guinea) completed the course in 1:52.72. However, because the other two swimmers in his heat made false starts, and were thus disqualified, he won the heat unopposed. Known as ‘Eric the Eel’

200m freestyle – Peter van den Hoogenband. Silver – Ian Thorpe

400m freestyle – Ian Thorpe

1500m freestyle – Grant Hackett. Silver – Kieran Perkins

Inge de Bruijn (Netherlands) won three gold medals (50m freestyle, 100m freestyle, 100m butterfly)

Paula Barila Bolopa (Equatorial Guinea) swam the 50m in 64 seconds. Known as ‘Paula the Crawler’

Brooke Bennett (USA) won the women’s 400m and 800m

Diana Mocanu (Romania) won the 100m backstroke and 200m backstroke

Women’s 4 x 200m freestyle relay – USA. With this race, Jenny Thompson became the first female swimmer to win seven career gold medals

Boxing

Super Heavyweight – Audley Harrison

Light Middleweight. Bronze – Jermain Taylor. Known as ‘Bad Intentions’

Rowing

Coxless pairs. 4th GB (Ed Coode and Greg Searle)

Coxless fours – GB (Cracknell, Redgrave, Foster, Pinsent)

Eights – GB

Gymnastics

Vault – Gervasio Deferr. Spain’s first gymnastics medalist

Dong Fangxiao originally won a bronze medal in gymnastics with the Chinese team. After an investigation, the International Gymnastics Federation ruled that Dong had lied about her age in 2000, and was probably 14, and not 17. Her scores were canceled and the International Olympic Committee stripped the Chinese team of its medal in 2010

Equestrian

Pippa Funnell won silver medals in 2000 and 2004 in team eventing

Sailing

Finn – Iain Percy

Star. Silver – GB (Ian Walker, Mark Covell)

Europe – Shirley Robertson

Laser – Ainslie. Silver – Robert Scheidt (Brazil)

49er class sailed for the first time. Silver – GB (Ian Barker, Simon Hiscocks)

Cycling

Road time trial – Ekimov (Russia). Silver – Jan Ullrich. Bronze – Lance Armstrong (disqualified in 2013)

Road race – Jan Ullrich

Women’s 500m time trial introduced. Won by Felicia Ballanger (France), who also won the 1000m sprint

Time trial – Jason Queally

Individual pursuit. 4th Rob Hayles

Olympic sprint introduced into cycling programme. Silver – GB (Hoy, Craig MacLean, and Queally)

Madison (named after Madison Square Garden) and Keirin (means ‘racing wheels’) introduced. Wiggins and Hayles finished fourth

Individual pursuit. Bronze – Yvonne McGregor

Dutch cyclist Leontien van Moorsel won gold medals on the road (road race and time trial), and on the track (3 km pursuit). At the 2004 Summer Olympics, she defended her time trial title

Women’s middleweight judo. Silver – Kate Howey

Badminton mixed doubles. Bronze – Jo Goode and Simon Archer

Kayak slalom singles. Silver – Paul Ratcliffe

Women’s modern pentathlon – Stephanie Cook. Bronze – Kate Allenby

Double trap – Richard Faulds

Men’s singles – Yevgeny Kafelnikov

Men’s doubles – Canada (Sebastien Lareau and Daniel Nestor)

Women’s singles – Venus Williams

Women’s doubles – USA (Serena Williams and Venus Williams)

Triathlon – Simon Whitfield (Canada)

Women’s triathlon – Brigitte McMahon (Switzerland)

Baseball – USA. First time Cuba had not won the gold medal

Basketball final – USA bt France

Cameroon beat Spain in a penalty shootout in the football final

Dagny Mellgren scored the golden goal for Norway against USA in women’s football final

Taekwondo middleweight – Steven Lopez (USA). Retained the title in 2004

Australia won the first ever women’s water polo tournament

Rulon Gardner (USA) handed Aleksandr Karelin (Russia) his first defeat in Greco-Roman wrestling in 13 years

'''2004''' '''Athens''' (XXVIII)

Athens defeated Rome on the final ballot

Mascots – Athena and Phevos

Katerina Thanou lit the torch outside the Panathinaiko (Panathenaic) Stadium on 31 March

Afghanistan's first return to the Games since 1996

Kiribati and East Timor entered for the first time

UAE won first ever gold medal, in trap shooting (Sheikh Al Maktoum of Dubai)

USA topped the medal table from China and Russia

Women’s wrestling was added to the programme

Women’s individual sabre held for the first time

Windsurfer Gal Fridman won Israel's first-ever gold medal

Argentina won their first ever team gold medals on same day, in football and basketball

Athletics

100m – Justin Gatlin

200m – Shawn Crawford

400m – Jeremy Wariner

1500m and 5000m – Hicham El Guerrouj. First 1500m / 5000m double since Nurmi in 1924

5000m. Silver – Kenenisa Bekele

10000m – Bekele

110m hurdles – Liu Xiang

400m hurdles – Felix Sanchez (Dominican Republic)

4 x 100m – GB (Gardener, Campbell, Devonish, Lewis-Francis). First win since 1912

Marathon – Stefano Baldini (Italy). Bronze – Vanderlei da Lima (Brazil), who was grabbed by Cornelius Horan, an Irish protester

Vanderlei de Lima won the Pierre de Coubertin medal

High jump – Stefan Holm (Sweden)

Long jump – Dwight Philips

Triple jump – Christian Olsson (Sweden)

Pole vault – Tim Mack (USA)

Javelin – Andreas Thorkildsen (Norway)

Decathlon – Roman Sebrle (Czech Republic). Silver – Bryan Clay (USA)

Women’s 100m – Yulia Nestsiarenka (Belarus)

Women’s 200m – Veronica Campbell (Jamaica)

Women’s 400m – Tonique Williams-Darling (Bahamas). Silver – Ana Guevara (Mexico)

Women’s 800m and 1500m – Kelly Holmes

Women’s 5000m – Meserat Defar

Women’s 400m hurdles – Fani Halkia (Greece)

Women’s 4 x 100m – Jamaica

Women’s marathon – Mizuki Noguchi (Japan)

Women’s triple jump – Francoise Etone (Cameroon). Retained the title in 2008

Women’s long jump – Lebedeva

Women’s pole vault – Isinbeyeva. Retained the title in 2008

Women’s javelin – Osleidys Menendez (Cuba)

Heptathlon – Carolina Kluft. Bronze – Kelly Sotherton

Swimming

50m freestyle – Gary Hall

100m freestyle – Pieter van den Hoogenband

200m and 400m freestyle – Ian Thorpe

1500m freestyle – Grant Hackett. Bronze – David Davies

100m and 200m backstroke – Aaron Peirsol (USA)

100m and 200m breaststroke – Kosuke Kitajima (Japan)

100m and 200m butterfly, 200m and 400m individual medley – Michael Phelps

200m butterfly. Bronze – Stephen Parry

Phelps won eight medals (six gold and two bronze), becoming the first athlete to win eight medals in a non-boycotted Olympics

Women’s 50m freestyle – Inge de Bruijn (Netherlands)

Women’s 200m backstroke – Kirsty Coventry (Zimbabwe)

Boxing

Lightweight – Mario Kindelan (Cuba). Silver – Amir Khan

Cuba won five boxing gold medals

Rowing

Romania's Elisabeta Lipa won her fourth consecutive Olympic gold medal and fifth overall. Lipa, who was part of Romania's women's eight, won her first in Los Angeles in 1984 followed by gold medals in 1992, 1996, 2000 and 2004, a record span of 20 years between her first and last gold medal

Matthew Pinsent won his fourth consecutive medal. The British men's coxless four was Steve Williams, James Cracknell, Ed Coode with Pinsent at stroke

United States won the men's eight for the twelfth time overall and the first time since 1964

Women’s quadruple sculls. Silver – GB (including Rebecca Romero)

Gymnastics

Individual all- around – Paul Hamm (USA)

Women’s individual all- around – Carly Patterson (USA)

Equestrian

Individual eventing – Leslie Law on Shear L’Eau. Bronze – Pippa Funnell on Primmore’s Pride. German rider Bettina Hoy accidentally crossed the start flags twice

Individual jumping – Rodrigo Pessoa (Brazil). Son of Nelson Pessoa. Waterford Crystal, the mount of Ireland’s Cian O'Connor, finished first, but tested positive for drugs and was disqualified

Sailing

Sailing events were split into four classes for men, four for women, and three mixed classes that were open to both men and women. Since the previous Games, the open keelboat event in the Soling class was removed, while the women's keelboat event in the Yngling class was added. The Star class was converted from a mixed event to a men's-only event

Finn – Ben Ainslie

470. Silver – Nick Rogers and Joe Glanfield

Yngling – GB (Shirley Robertson, Sarah Webb, Sarah Ayton)

Laser – Robert Scheidt

49er. Bronze – GB (Chris Draper and Simon Hiscocks)

Mistral sailboard. Bronze – Nick Dempsey

Cycling

Pursuit – Bradley Wiggins

Wiggins won silver in team pursuit and bronze in Madison (with Rob Hayles)

Wiggins became the first British athlete in 40 years to win three medals at one Games, the last being Mary Rand at the 1964 Olympic Games

Time trial – Chris Hoy

Women’s time trial – Anna Meares (Australia)

Sarah Ulmer became the first New Zealander to win an Olympic cycling gold medal, which she won in the individual pursuit

Baseball – Cuba. United States did not make it to Athens after losing a qualifying game to Mexico

United States lost for the first time in Olympic men's basketball since NBA players were permitted to play in the Games. This defeat came at the hands of Puerto Rico. USA head coach was Larry Brown

Argentina defeated USA in basketball semi-final, and went on to win the gold medal

K-1 slalom canoeing. Silver – Campbell Walsh

K-1 canoeing sprint. Bronze – Ian Wynne

Birgit Fischer won gold in the K-4 500 m and silver in the K-2 500 m. In so doing, she became the first woman in any sport to win gold medals at six different Olympics, the first woman to win gold 24 years apart and the first person in Olympic history to win two or more medals in five different Games. Won eight gold medals

Mountain biking – Julien Absalon (France). Retained the title in 2008

10m platform. Silver – Pete Waterfield and Leon Taylor

China won six of the eight diving gold medals

Hockey – Australia

Women’s hockey – Germany

Football – Argentina. Golden boot – Carlos Tevez. German Lux did not concede a goal in the tournament

Women’s football – USA

There was controversy in the men's judo competition, when Iranian competitor and two-times world champion Arash Miresmaeili weighed in overweight and was disqualified before a match in which he would have faced Israeli judoka Ehud Vaks. Miresmaeili's comments strongly suggested that he had intentionally disqualified himself so as not to compete against an Israeli

Women’s modern pentathlon. Bronze – Georgina Harland

50m rifle prone – Matthew Emmons (USA)

Men’s singles – Nicolas Massu (Chile)

Men’s doubles – Chile (Gonzalez and Massu). First-ever gold medal won by Chile

Fernando Gonzalez is the only person to win gold, silver and bronze medals in tennis

Women’s singles – Justine Henin

Women’s doubles – China (Li and Sun)

Triathlon – Hamish Carter (New Zealand)

Women’s triathlon – Kate Allen (Austria)

Volleyball – Brazil

Women’s volleyball – China

Misty May-Treanor and teammate Kerri Walsh were the gold medalists in beach volleyball at both the 2004 and 2008 Summer Olympics. They have been called ‘the greatest beach volleyball team of all time’

A total of twelve weightlifters were disqualified for doping, amongst them Greek star Leonidas Sampanis, who had won two silver medals in previous Olympics

Japan won two of the four gold medals in women’s wrestling

Irini Merlini (Ukraine) was the first female to win a wrestling gold medal

Women’s archery. Bronze – Alison Williamson

'''2008''' '''Beijing''' (XXIX)

Beijing was elected as the host city in 2001, during the IOC Session in Moscow, defeating Toronto, Paris, Istanbul, and Osaka

There were 28 sports and 302 events. Nine new events were held, including two from the new cycling discipline of BMX. Women competed in the 3000m steeplechase for the first time. Open water swimming events for men and women, over the distance of 10 kilometres, were added to the swimming discipline. Team events (men and women) in table tennis replaced the doubles events. In fencing, women's team foil and women's team sabre replaced men's team foil and women's team epee. Two sports were open only to men, baseball and boxing, while one sport and one discipline were open only to women, softball and synchronized swimming. Equestrian and Mixed Badminton are the only sport in which men and women compete together

In addition to the official Olympic sports, the Beijing Organizing Committee was given special dispensation by the IOC to run a wushu competition in parallel to the Games

Aquatics ‘sport’ consists of diving, swimming, synchronized swimming, and water polo

Athletes from China won 51 gold medals, the most of any nation at these Olympics, becoming the first nation other than the United States and Russia to do so since the 1936 Summer Olympics. Athletes from the United States won the most total medals, with 110. Afghanistan, Mauritius, Sudan, Tajikistan, and Togo won their first Olympic medals. Athletes from Mongolia and Panama won their nation's first gold medals. An athlete from Serbia won its first medal under that name, having previously won medals as part of Yugoslavia and Serbia and Montenegro

‘Bird’s Nest’ stadium designed by Herzog and de Meuron

Artistic consultant – Al Weiwei

Zhang Yimou directed the opening and closing ceremonies

All but one of the 205 National Olympic Committees (NOCs) participated in the 2008 Summer Olympics, the exception being Brunei. Three countries participated in the Olympic Games for their first time: the Marshall Islands, Montenegro and Tuvalu. The states of Serbia and Montenegro, which participated at the 2004 Games jointly as Serbia and Montenegro, competed separately for the first time

As in Olympics Games since 1984, athletes from the Republic of China (Taiwan) competed at the 2008 Games as Chinese Taipei

The 2008 Summer Olympics emblem was known as Dancing Beijing

The slogan for the 2008 Olympics was ‘One World, One Dream’

The mascots of Beijing 2008 were the five Fuwa (‘good-luck dolls’), each representing both a colour of the Olympic rings and a symbol of Chinese culture

Official emblem – ‘Chinese Seal – Dancing Beijing’. Depicts a dancing human figure resembling the Chinese character ‘jing’

Natalie du Toit was one of two Paralympians to compete; the other being table tennis player Natalia Partyka

Latvian shooter Afanasijs Kuzmins made his eighth appearance at the Olympics

Rohullah Nikpai became the first Afghan Olympics medalist, in Taekwondo

Abhinav Bindra won India's first ever individual Olympic gold, in the 10m Air Rifle

Togo won first ever Olympic medal, bronze in kayak

Pakistan was the largest nation (in terms of population) not to win a medal in 2008

Judoka Naidangiin Tuvshinbayar was the first Mongolian ever to win a gold medal at the Olympics

French racing cyclist Jeannie Longo competed for France in her seventh Olympic Games

Final medal table. 1st China (51-21-28) 100, 2nd USA (36-38-36) 110, 3rd Russia (23-21-28) 72, 4th GB (19-13-15) 47

55 countries won gold medals, 87 countries won medals

Australian swimmer Stephanie Rice was the most successful female athlete, winning three gold medals. Natalie Coughlin (USA) won six swimming medals

Athletics

100m and 200m – Bolt

Controversy arose within minutes after the 200m medal race when Wallace Spearmon, who finished third, was disqualified for stepping out of his lane. United States officials filed a protest, but conceded after seeing the video and noticing that silver medalist Churandy Martina who had celebrated the second ever Olympic medal for the Netherlands Antilles, also may have stepped out of his lane. They filed an appeal to disqualify Martina, which after more than an hour of deliberation was granted, through which the United States obtained both the silver and bronze medals (Shawn Crawford and Walter Dix)

400m – LaShawn Merritt. 6th Martyn Rooney

5000m and 10000m – Kenenisa Bekele

110m hurdles – Dayron Robles (Cuba)

400m hurdles – Angelo Taylor (USA)

Marathon – Sammy Wanjiru (Kenya)

High jump – Andrey Silnov (Russia). Silver – Germaine Mason

Long jump – Irving Saladino (Panama). First gold medal for Panama

Triple jump – Nelson Evora (Portugal). Silver – Philips Idowu

Pole vault – Steve Hooker (Australia)

Javelin – Thorkildsen. Bronze – Pitamaki

Decathlon – Bryan Clay

Women’s 100m – Shelly-Anne Fraser (Jamaica)

Women’s 200m – Veronica Campbell-Brown (Jamaica). Also won in 2004

Women’s 400m – Christine Ohuruogu

Women’s 5000m and 10000m – Tirunesh Dibaba

Women’s 100m hurdles – Dawn Harper (USA)

Women’s 400m hurdles – Melaine Walker (Jamaica). Bronze – Tasha Danvers

Women’s marathon – Constantina Dita-Tomescu (Romania)

Women’s high jump – Tia Hellebaut (Belgium). Silver – Blanka Vlasic

Women’s long jump – Maurren Maggi (Brazil)

Lebedeva won silver medals in long jump and triple jump

Women’s shot put – Valerie Vili (Adams)

Women’s javelin – Barbora Spotakova

Heptathlon – Natalya Dobrynska (Ukraine)

Lyudmila Blonska of Ukraine originally won the silver medal in the women's heptathlon, but was disqualified after she tested positive for drugs

Swimming

50m freestyle – Cesar Filho (Brazil)

100m freestyle – Alain Bernard (France)

100m backstroke – Aaron Peirsol

200m backstroke – Ryan Lochte (USA)

100m and 200m breaststroke – Kosuke Kitajima (Japan)

200m freestyle, 100m and 200m butterfly, 200m and 400m individual medley, three relays – Michael Phelps

1500m freestyle – Oussama Mellouli (Tunisia). First African male swimmer to ever win an Olympic gold medal in an individual swimming event

10km open water. Silver – David Davies

Women’s 50m and 100m freestyle – Britta Steffen (Germany)

Women’s 200m freestyle – Federica Pellegrini (Italy)

Women’s 400m freestyle – Rebecca Adlington. Silver – Katie Hoff (USA). Bronze – Jo Jackson

Women’s 800m freestyle – Rebecca Adlington

Women’s 200m backstroke – Kirsty Coventry

Women’s 100m breaststroke – Liesel Jones (Australia)

Women’s 200m and 400m individual medley – Stephanie Rice (Australia)

Women’s 10km open water – Larisa Ilchenko (Russia). Silver – Keri-Anne Payne. Bronze – Cassie Patten

Many swimmers wore Speedo LZR Racer swim suits. This and other high performance body suits have since been banned from FINA competitions

Boxing

Middleweight – James DeGale

Light Heavyweight. Bronze –Tony Jeffries

Super Heavyweight. Bronze – David Price

Deontay Wilder was the only American boxer to win a medal

Rowing

Men’s coxless fours. Gold – GB (Hodge, Reed, Williams, James)

Lightweight double sculls – GB (Purchase and Hunter)

Gymnastics

Pommel horse. Bronze – Louis Smith

Women’s individual all-around – Nastia Liukin (USA), the daughter of Olympic gold medalist Valeri Liukin – the first man to do a triple backflip – and World Champion rhythmic gymnast Anna Kotchneva, born in Moscow

Equestrian

The equestrian competitions were held apart from the main games in Hong Kong

Individual show jumping – Eric Lamaze (Canada)

Individual eventing – Hinrich Romeike (Germany). Bronze – Tina Cook on Miners Frolic

Sailing

The Neil Pryde RS:X was selected to replace the Mistral for both Men's and Women's sailboard, and the Laser Radial replaced the Europe as the Women's single-handed dinghy

Races in all events were sailed in a fleet racing format of ten regular series races (fifteen for the 49er), followed by a Medal Race. The contestants raced around the course in a group, and each boat earned a score equal to its finishing position. The nine (thirteen for the 49er) best scores for each boat were summed up for the regular series of races. The Medal Races were 30 minutes long, limited to the ten boats with the lowest series scores in each event, and were scored double points based on finish position. The medals in each event were decided based on the overall total points (series plus medal), with ties being decided based on the Medal Race finish order

Laser – Paul Goodison

Star – Iain Percy and Andrew Simpson

Yngling – GB (Sarah Webb, Sarah Ayton, Pippa Wilson)

Finn – Ben Ainslie

Sailboard – Tom Ashley (New Zealand)

Cycling

Road race – Samuel Sanchez (Spain)

Time trial – Fabian Cancellara

Women’s road race – Nicole Cooke

Women’s time trial – Kristin Armstrong (USA). Silver – Emma Pooley

Pursuit – Wiggins

Sprint, Keirin – Hoy

Women’s pursuit – Romero

Rebecca Romero became only the second woman of any country (after Roswitha Krause of East Germany, in swimming and handball) to win a medal in two different sports at Summer Games

Women’s sprint – Pendleton

'''Mark Cavendish was the only GB track cyclist''' to return from Beijing without a medal

Baseball – South Korea

C-1 slalom. Silver – David Florence

K-1 500m. Bronze – Tim Brabants

K-1 1000m – Tim Brabants

Peter Hochschorner and Pavol Hochschorner from Slovakia became the first slalom canoeists to win three Olympic gold medals

Football final – Argentina bt Nigeria

Women’s football final – USA bt Brazil

Handball – France

Women’s handball – Norway

Women’s modern pentathlon (shooting, fencing, swimming, riding, running). Silver – Heather Fell

Katerina Emmons equaled the world record with a perfect 400 in the women's air rifle competition

Matthew Emmons lost a large lead in the very last shot of the men's three positions – just as he had in Athens four years earlier

Softball – Japan

The quarter-final match in the Women's +67 kg between Sarah Stevenson and China's Chen Zhong, the defending gold medalist from Sydney and Athens, was plagued with controversy. Chen Zhong had led 1-0 through most of the match but four seconds before the end, Stevenson landed a clear strike to the face of her opponent. However, only half the judges recorded the hit and thus was not registered, dashing Stevenson's Olympic hopes of gaining her the two points that would have secured her a quick victory. Stevenson's coach was furious and protested to the referee and judges, but initially Zhong was awarded the match. The decision was overturned but Stevenson lost in the semi-final

Men’s singles final – Nadal bt Fernando Gonzalez

Men’s doubles final – Switzerland (Federer and Wawrinka) bt Sweden (Aspelin and Johansson)

Women’s singles final – Dementieva bt Safina

Women’s doubles final – USA (Williams and Williams) bt Spain (Medina Garrigues and Ruano Pasqual)

Volleyball final – USA bt Brazil

Women’s volleyball final – Brazil bt USA

China won eight of the 15 weightlifting events

Ara Abrahamian of Sweden originally won one of the two bronze medals in the 84 kg Greco-Roman wrestling weight class but was disqualified by the IOC after he stepped off the podium and dropped his medal in the centre of the mat to protest the officiating

BMX 2008 – Men’s won by Maris Strombergs (Latvia), Women’s won by Anne-Caroline Chausson (France)

Matthew Mitcham (Australia) was the only non-Chinese winner of a diving event

'''2012''' '''London''' (XXX)

London was elected as the host city on 6 July 2005 during the 117th IOC Session in Singapore, defeating Moscow, New York City, Madrid and Paris after four rounds of voting

Amber Charles – schoolgirl involved in London 2012 Olympic bid

John Armitt – chairman of the ODA

David Higgins was Chief Executive of the Olympic Delivery Authority

Barbara Cassani – founder of ‘Go’ airline, became chairperson of UK 2012 Olympic Games bid. Replaced by Lord Coe after the shortlist of five was announced

‘Back the Bid’ posters by M&C Saatchi

Softball and baseball dropped

Due to IOC sponsorship regulations, the O2 Arena was known as North Greenwich Arena

Olympic Stadium designed by Populous (formerly HOK Sport). Structural engineers – Buro Happold

Logo designed by Wolff Olins. The word ‘london’ appears on the first digit. The five Olympic rings are included on the second digit

Basketball arena – temporary structure, known as ‘the Marshmallow’. Designed by WilkinsonEyre architects

Venues outside Olympic Park –

Earls Court – Volleyball

ExCeL – Boxing, Fencing, Judo, Table Tennis, Taekwondo, Weightlifting, Wrestling (Freestyle and Greco-Roman)

Greenwich Park – Equestrian

Horse Guards Parade – Beach Volleyball

Hyde Park – Swimming (Marathon), Triathlon

Lord’s Cricket Ground – Archery

North Greenwich Arena – Basketball, Gymnastics (Artistic and Trampoline)

Royal Artillery Barracks – Shooting

Wembley Arena – Badminton, Gymnastics (Rhythmic)

Wimbledon – Tennis

Lee Valley White Water Centre – Canoeing

Hadleigh Farm, Essex – Cycling (Mountain Bike)

Eton Dorney – Rowing

Weymouth and Portland – Sailing

Coventry, Cardiff, Glasgow (Hampden Park), Manchester (Old Trafford), Newcastle, Wembley Stadium – Football

For the first time, women's boxing was included in the Olympic programme with female boxers able to participate in three events – flyweight, lightweight, and middleweight

The men’s 500 metre canoe races were replaced by 200m. In addition, men’s C2 500m was replaced by women’s K1 200m

The sailing classes had two changes from the Beijing 2008 sailing events. The women's Match Race competition (Elliott 6m keelboat) replaced the Yngling competition and the Tornado Class Catamaran competition has been dropped

For the first time since 1924 mixed doubles tennis was officially included

The 2012 Summer Olympic programme featured 26 sports and a total of 38 disciplines

Women from Saudi Arabia, Qatar and Brunei competed for the first time

Women-only events – synchronized swimming and rhythmic gymnastics

Seven Cameroon athletes deserted their Olympic squad

GB won six gold medals on ‘Super Saturday’ (4 August), including three gold medals in athletics (Ennis, Rutherford, Farah in 10000m) in the space of 46 minutes

The women's athletics schedule lacked the 50 km race walk and included 100 m hurdles and heptathlon as opposed to the men's 110 m hurdles and decathlon

Pavlos Kontides won the first Olympic medal in Cyprus’s history, silver in Laser class

Erick Barrando won Guatemala’s first-ever Olympic medal, silver in 20km walk

Canadian showjumper Ian Millar set a new record for Olympic appearances by taking part in his 10th Games

Final medal table – 1st USA (46-29-29) 104 2nd China (38-27-23) 88 3rd GB (29-17-19) 65 4th Russia (24-26-32) 82

54 countries won gold medals. 85 countries won medals

44 world records broken

Sebastian Coe appointed as Legacy Ambassador

Athletics

100m – Usain Bolt (9.63 seconds). Silver – Yohan Blake. Bronze – Justin Gatlin. Seven men went under 10 seconds, with only the injured Asafa Powell failing to break that mark

200m – Usain Bolt. Silver – Yohan Blake. Bronze – Warren Weir. Jamaican clean sweep

400m – Kirani James – First Olympic medal in Grenada’s history

800m – David Rudisha, in world record time. Silver – Nigel Amos, winning Botswana’s first-ever Olympic medal

1500m – Taoufik Makhloufi (Algeria), who was reinstated after being disqualified for not trying in a heat of the 800m

5000m – Mo Farah

10000m – Mo Farah. Silver – Galen Rupp (USA)

110m hurdles – Aries Merritt

400m hurdles – Felix Sanchez

American runner Manteo Mitchell ran the last 200m of the men's 4x400m relay heats with a broken left leg

4 x 100m relay – Jamaica (Carter, Frater, Blake, Bolt), in a world record time of 36.84 seconds. Tyson Gay was stripped of his silver medal due to doping violations. Following consideration by the IOC, the United States team were disqualified, and their results expunged

4 x 400m relay – Bahamas

Decathlon – Ashton Eaton (USA)

Discus – Robert Harting (Germany), who celebrated by ripping the shirt off his chest, and jumping over a number of hurdles

Cuban pole vaulter Lazaro Borges’s pole broke in three during qualifying

Pole vault – Renaud Lavillenie (France)

Javelin – Keshorn Walcott (Trinidad and Tobago). A lighthouse in Trinidad was named after Keshorn Walcott

Long jump – Greg Rutherford (8.31m). 6th Chris Tomlinson

Marathon – Stephen Kiprotich (Uganda)

Women’s 100 – Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce. Retained the title. Silver – Carmelita Jeter. Bronze – Veronica Campbell-Brown

Women’s 200m – Allyson Felix

Women’s 400m – Sanya Richards-Ross. Silver – Ohuruogu

Women’s 800m – Mariya Savinova (Russia). Silver – Caster Semenya (South Africa)

Following her victory at the 2009 World Championships, it was announced that she Caster Semenya been subjected to gender testing. She was withdrawn from international competition until July 2010

Sarah Attar, the first female Saudi Arabian track and field athlete at the Olympic Games, ran in the 800m

Women’s 1500m – Asli Alptekin. Turkey's first ever track and field Olympic ''gold'' medal

Bahraini runner Mariam Jamal becme the first Gulf female athlete to receive a medal, winning the bronze medal in the 1500m

Women’s 5000m – Meseret Defar

Women’s 10000m – Tirunesh Dibaba

Women’s 100m hurdles – Sally Pearson. Silver – Dawn Harper

Women’s 4x100m – USA, breaking the world record had been set 27 years previously by East German. Anchor leg run by Jeter

Allyson Felix won a gold medals in the 4 x 100m and 4 x 400m relays

Women’s marathon – Tiki Gelana (Ethiopia)

Women’s long jump – Brittney Reese (USA)

Women’s pole vault – Jenn Suhr (USA)

Women’s shot put – Valerie Adams

Women’s javelin – Barbora Spotakova

Heptathlon – Jessica Ennis (6955 points)

Swimming

100m freestyle – Nathan Adrian (USA)

200m freestyle – Yannick Agnel (France)

200m individual medley – Phelps. First man to win same swimming event at three consecutive Olympics

400m and 1500m freestyle – Sun Yang (China)

400m individual medley – Ryan Lochte. 4th Phelps

200m butterfly – Chad Le Clos (South Africa). Silver – Phelps. Le Clos’s father Bert interviewed by Clare Balding

Phelps won 19th Olympic medal in 4x200m relay

Phelps won18th gold medal in 4 x100m medley relay, his last Olympic race

Michael Phelps emerged as the most decorated Olympian of all time after winning six more medals at these Games to end his Olympic career with a tally of 22 (18 gold, 2 silver, and 2 bronze)

Men’s 10km marathon swim – Ous Mellouli (Tunisia), the first swimmer to win Olympic medals in the pool and open water

Women’s 50m and 100m freestyle – Ranomi Kromowidjojo (Netherlands)

Women’s 400m freestyle – Camille Muffat (France). Bronze – Adlington

Camille Muffat died when two helicopters filming the TV survival show ''Dropped'' collided in Argentina in 2015

Women’s 400m individual medley – Ye Shiwen, who swam the last 50m faster than Ryan Lochte

Women’s 100m breaststroke – Ruta Meilutyte (Lithuania), who attended the same Plymouth college as Tom Daley and was coached by John Rudd

Women’s 100m backstroke – Missy Franklin (USA)

Women’s 200m backstroke – Missy Franklin. 4th Lizzie Simmonds

Missy Franklin won four gold medals and one bronze medal

Women’s 800m freestyle – Katie Ledecky (USA). Bronze – Adlington

Australia only won one swimming gold medal, in women’s 4 x 100m freestyle relay

Boxing

Azerbaijan bantamweight Magomed Abdulhamidov knocked down six times by Japan's Satoshi Shimizu, only for the Turkmenistan referee to ignore each one

Bantamweight – Luke Campbell. Silver – Joe Nevin (Ireland)

Superheavyweight final – Anthony Joshua beat reigning Olympic champion Roberto Cammarelle of Italy

Welterweight. Silver – Fred Evans

Middleweight. Bronze – Anthony Ogogo

Russia's Elena Savelyeva became the first woman to win an Olympic boxing match

Natasha Jonas became the first British woman to win an Olympic boxing match

Lightweight quarter-final – Katie Taylor bt Natasha Jonas

Nicola Adams became the first woman to win an Olympic boxing gold medal, in the flyweight competition

Lightweight boxing – Katie Taylor (Ireland)

Rowing

Coxless four – GB (Gregory, James, Reed, Triggs-Hodge)

Eights – Germany. Bronze – GB, including Greg Searle and Alex Partridge

Lightweight four. Silver – GB. Richard and Peter Chambers became first British brothers to win an Olympic medal since Searle brothers in 1996

Lightweight double sculls – Denmark. Silver – Purchase and Hunter. The race was stopped when Purchase's seat broke but the pair were allowed to restart as it happened within 100m of the start

Niger rower Hamadou Djibo Issaka completed the 2000m course in just under 9 minutes

Women’s pair – Helen Glover and Heather Stanning. GB’s first gold medal. First British women to win gold in rowing since 1976

Women’s double sculls – Anna Watkins and Katherine Grainger

Women’s lightweight double sculls – Katherine Copeland and Sophie Hosking

Gymnastics

Horizontal bar – Epke Zonderland (Netherlands)

Men’s individual all-around – Kohei Uchimura (Japan)

Women's individual all-around – Gabby Douglas (USA)

Equestrian

Team show jumping – GB (Peter Charles, Nick Skelton, Ben Maher, Scott Brash) bt Netherlands in jump-off. First gold since 1952

Nick Skelton (aged 54) competed at his sixth Olympic Games, riding Big Star

Peter Charles rode for Ireland between 1992 and 2007

Three day eventing team. Silver – GB (Zara Phillips, Mary King, Tina Cook, Nicola Wilson, William Fox-Pitt). Medals presented by Princess Royal. Individual gold – Michael Jung (Germany)

Zara Phillips rode High Kingdom

Individual dressage – Charlotte Dujardin, riding Valergo. Bronze – Laura Bechtolsheimer

Team dressage – GB (Carl Hester, Bechtolsheimer, Dujardin)

'''Damon Hill''' ridden by Helen Langehanenberg (Germany) won a silver medal in dressage

Sailing

Finn – Ainslie

Ben Ainslie took his fifth consecutive sailing medal, and his fourth consecutive gold, after a battle with Jonas Hogh Christensen of Denmark that was only decided at the last mark of the medal race

GB won four silver medals in sailing

Cycling

Road race – Alexander Vinokourov (Kazakhstan)

Women’s road race – Marianne Vos (Netherlands). Silver – Lizzie Armitstead. First GB medal

Time trial (Hampton Court) – Bradley Wiggins. Silver – Tony Martin. Bronze – Chris Froome

Wiggins became Britain’s most decorated Olympian with seven medals

Women’s time trial – Kristin Armstrong (USA)

Pendleton and Varnish relegated in women’s sprint against Ukraine. Germany win gold medal after China relegated in final

Men’s team sprint – GB (Hindes, Kenny, Hoy)

Philip Hindes deliberately crashed after a slow start in a qualifying race to get a restart

Men’s team pursuit – GB

Keirin – Victoria Pendleton

Women’s team pursuit final – GB (King, Roswell, Trott) bt USA

Sprint – Jason Kenny

Omnium – Laura Trott. Silver – Sarah Hammer (USA)

Sprint – Anna Meares. Silver – Victoria Pendleton

Kierin – Chris Hoy

GB won 12 cycling medals (8 gold, 2 silver and 2 bronze). No other nation won more than one gold medal

Triathlon – Alistair Brownlee. Silver – Gomez (Spain). Bronze – Jonathan Brownlee

Women’s triathlon – Nicola Spirig (Switzerland). Silver – Lisa Norden (Sweden), who was given the same time

Second round – Tsonga bt Raonic 25-23 in final set of longest-ever Olympic match

Semi-final – Federer bt Del Potro 19-17 in final set. Match lasted 4 hours 26 minutes

Singles final – Murray bt Federer

Doubles final – USA (Bryan and Bryan) bt France (Tsonga and Llodra)

Women’s singles final – Serena Williams bt Sharapova

Women’s doubles final – USA (Williams and Williams) bt Czech Republic (Hlavackova and Hradecka)

Mixed doubles final – Belarus (Mirnyi and Azarenka) bt GB (Murray and Robson)

Murray was the only British athlete to win two medals on the same day

Men’s football quarter-final – South Korea bt GB. Sturridge missed penalty in shoot-out

Men’s football final – Mexico bt Brazil. Referee – Mark Clattenburg

GB beat Brazil in women’s football group stages

Women’s football quarter-final – Canada bt GB

Women’s football final – USA bt Japan. Winning goal scored by Carli Lloyd, who also scored the winning goal in the 2008 final

Stephan Feck (Germany) landed on his back in the 3m springboard competition

10m platform – David Boudin (USA). Bronze – Tom Daley

Daley allowed a re-dive due to flash photography

South Korea fencer Shin A-lam remained on the piste for 75 minutes following a controversial defeat

North Korean weightlifter Om Yun Choi lifted three times his own bodyweight

Nasser Al-Attiyah, who won the Dakar Rally in 2011, won a bronze medal for Qatar in skeet shooting

Double Trap – Peter Wilson. Coached by Sheikh Al Maktoum of Dubai

Eight Olympic badminton players disqualified with ‘not using one's best efforts to win a match’. Two pairs from South Korea and one each from China and Indonesia

Canoe Slalom – Tim Baillie and Etienne Stott. Silver – David Florence and Richard Hounslow. Bronze – Hochshorner brothers

Men’s K1 200m – Ed McKeever

Men’s trampoline – Dong Dong (China)

Judo 78kg – Kayla Harrison (USA). Silver – Gemma Gibbons, coached by Kate Howey

Judo heavyweight (+78kg). Bronze – Karina Bryant

Guam judoka Ricardo Blas Jr. weighed 218 kg (480 lb)

Men’s hockey semi-final – Netherlands 9 GB 2

Men’s hockey final – Germany bt Netherlands

Women’s hockey – Netherlands bt Argentina

Women’s taekwondo -57 kg – Jade Jones. Youngest GB gold medal winner, aged 19

Japanese female freestyle wrestlers Kaori Icho and Saori Yoshida both won their third successive gold medals

May-Treanor and Walsh won women’s beach volleyball for third consecutive Olympics

Men’s basketball final – USA bt Spain

Women’s modern pentathlon. Silver – Samantha Murray. Final event of the Olympics

Modern pentathlon – fencing, swimming (200m), horse riding, combined running (3km) / shooting

'''2016''' '''Rio de Janeiro''' (XXXI)

Rio was elected as the host city on 2 October 2009 during the 121st IOC Session in Copenhagen, defeating Chicago, Tokyo and Madrid after three rounds of voting

On 9 October 2009 the IOC voted to include rugby sevens and golf on the program for the Games in Rio

'''2020 Tokyo''' (XXXII)

Tokyo was announced as the host city at the 125th IOC Session in Buenos Aires, on 7 September 2013. No city won over 50% of the votes in the first round, and Madrid and Istanbul were tied for second place. A run-off vote between these two cities was held to determine which would be eliminated. In the final vote, a head-to-head contest between Tokyo and Istanbul, Tokyo was selected by 60 votes to 36. The games are planned to be held from 24 July to 9 August 2020

Miscellaneous

Olympic Games polo – won by GB in 1900, 1908 and 1920, Argentina in 1924 and 1936

Olympic Games rugby union – won by France in 1900, Australia in 1908, USA in 1920 and 1924

Princess Anne became President of the BOA in 1983. She was the only female competitor not required to have a sex test at the 1976 Olympics

Jacques Rogge competed in three Olympic Games in yachting, for Belgium. Took over as IOC president from Juan-Antonio Samaranch in 2001

National anthem of Greece is always played at closing ceremony of Olympics

HQ of International Olympic Association (IOA) is in Lausanne

Valentyn Mankin (Russia) was the first sailor to win gold in three different classes (Finn, Tempest, and Star)

Larisa Latynina was a Soviet gymnast who was the first female athlete to win nine Olympic gold medals. She won 18 medals (9 gold medals, 5 silver medals and 4 bronze medals). Won 14 medals in individual events

‘Light the passion, share the dream’ – slogan for Olympic torch

The Pierre de Coubertin medal (also known as the De Coubertin medal or the True Spirit of Sportsmanship medal) is a special medal given by the International Olympic Committee to those athletes that demonstrate the spirit of sportsmanship in Olympic events

Aladar Gerevich (Hungary) won seven gold medals in fencing. He is also the only athlete to win the same event (Sabre team) six times

Pal Kovacs (Hungary) won six gold medals in fencing

Shannon Miller was the 1993 and 1994 all-around World Champion, the 1996 Olympics balance beam gold medalist, and a member of the gold medal-winning Magnificent 7 team at the Atlanta Olympics. The winner of 9 World Championships medals and 7 Olympic medals since her elite International debut in 1990, Miller ranks as the most decorated gymnast, male or female, in U.S. history

Bangladesh is largest country in terms of population never to have won an Olympic medal

DR Congo is largest country in terms of size never to have won an Olympic medal

Costa Rica, Liechtenstein, and Zimbabwe have more Olympic medals won by women than by men

Project 119 was China’s Soviet-style plan to dominate the medals table at the Beijing Games

Sheila Taormina was the first woman to compete in three different Olympic events. Swimming (1996), Triathlon (2000 and 2004), modern pentathlon (2008)

Val Barker Trophy is awarded to the outstanding and most stylistic boxer of each Olympic Games since 1936. Only British winner is Dick McTaggart in 1956

Eddie Eagan was the first person to win medals at both the winter and summer Olympic Games. He is the only person to have won a gold medal in both the Summer (light-heavyweight boxing, 1920) and Winter Olympics (four-man bobsleigh, 1932)

Clara Hughes (Canada) won a bronze medal in the 1996 cycling road race, a bronze medal in the 2002 speed skating 5000m, and a gold medal in the 2006 speed skating 5000m

Hossein Rezazadeh is nicknamed ‘The Iranian Hercules’. He currently holds the world records in weightlifting's super heavyweight class in the snatch, clean and jerk and total. He is the first Iranian athlete to have won two Olympic gold medals (2000 and 2004)

The first person to be expelled from the IOC was Jose Zubiaur of Argentina in 1907, as he failed to attend a single meeting in 13 years

American IOC member Ernst Jahncke called for the 1936 Olympics to be taken away from Berlin and urged American athletes to boycott the Games if they were held in Nazi Germany. The president of the USA Olympic Committee, Avery Brundage, spoke in favour of the Berlin Games. In July 1936, the IOC expelled Jahncke and replaced him with Brundage

Avery Brundage was elected president of the IOC in 1952, succeeding Sigfrid Edstrom

Brundage retired as IOC president following the 1972 Summer Games, having had the job for 20 years, and was succeeded by Lord Killanin. He is the only American to hold the IOC presidency

Juan Antonio Samaranch was elected President of the IOC prior to the 1980 Summer Olympics

Jacques Rogge was elected President of the IOC in 2001

Thomas Bach was elected President of the IOC in 2013

After the 1988 Games, the IOC voted to declare all professionals eligible for the Olympics, subject to the approval of the international federations in charge of each sport. Boxing continues to forbid professionals, while football has agreed to allow each nation to include three professionals in addition to the professionals under the age of 23, against whom there is no prohibition

The Medical Commission of the IOC began outlawing drugs in 1967. Full-scale drug testing began in 1972

East German athletes began taking steroids in 1968

The IOC banned steroids in 1974 and began testing for them at the 1976 Olympics. The East Germans beat the tests

When an athlete is chosen for doping control, they must produce a urine sample of 100ml, which is divided into two bottles. If the ‘A’ sample is positive, the ‘B’ sample is tested. If the ‘B’ sample is also positive, the athlete is disqualified

Drug testing is now administered by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA)

Springboard diving is performed from a springboard 3m above the water. The board must be at least 4.8m long and 0.5m wide

Platform diving is staged from a rigid platform 10m above the water. The platform must be at least 6m long and 2m wide

In early Olympics positions were determined by ordinals (place-figures) rather than points

Olympic swimming pools must be 50m long

The first false start in a race was excused until 2010. Anyone who commits a false start after the first one was immediately disqualified

Fastest qualifier is swimming is in lane 4, slowest qualifier is in lane 8

Backstroke – the feet must be submerged. Swimmers may remain completely submerged for the first 15m of a race – rule introduced after the 1988 Olympics to ban the ‘submarine’ start

Individual medley – butterfly, backstroke, breaststroke, freestyle

Medley relay – backstroke, breaststroke, butterfly, freestyle

Men’s 400m breaststroke was an event in 1904, 1912, and 1920

Synchronized swimming was introduced to the Olympics in 1984 with a solo event and a duet event. Both of these events were dropped after the 1992 Olympics and were replaced in 1996 by a team event with nine swimmers on each team. The duet event was reinstated in 2000

Between 1960 and 1980, water polo matches consisted of four five-minute quarters. In 1984 the quarters were extended to seven minutes

GB has won more medals in tennis than any other country

Between 1896 and 1968 athletes from the USA won every Olympic pole vault competition. At 16 in a row, this remains the longest national winning streak in any event in any sport in Olympic history

Irme Nemeth and Miklos Nemeth are the only father-and-son combination to win track and field gold medals

Between 1964 and 1976 Irena Szewinska won seven medals in five different events, second only to Merlene Ottey’s nine

Merlene Ottey was the first female runner to compete in six Olympics

Women’s high hurdles race was 80m from 1932 to 1968, and 100m from 1972 onwards

Gail Devers never won a medal in her strongest event, the 100m hurdles

Evelyn Ashford won three gold medals in 4 x 100m relay, in 1984, 1998 and 1992

Women’s 10 km walk was held in 1992 and 1996

Boxing takes place in a 20’ square ring. Format changed to four two-minute rounds in 2000, then back to three three-minute rounds in 2009. Boxers may not wear beards. Boxers must be at least 17 and no older than 34. If one boxer builds an advantage of 15 points the bout is stopped. Boxing is the only Olympic sport in which professionals are not allowed to compete. Lowest weight – light flyweight (48 kg)

Women’s boxing consists of four two-minute rounds

Super Heavyweight boxing division was known as Heavyweight from 1904 to 1980

A fencing match is played to 15. If the score is tied after nine minutes, one minute of sudden death overtime is contested

Cosmo Duff Gordon was in the British team that won silver in the Team Epee in 1906. Sailed to New York on the ''Titanic'' and back on the ''Lusitania''

Taekwondo weight categories – flyweight, featherweight, welterweight, heavyweight

A freestyle wrestling match is ended as a result of a fall or if one wrestler achieves a 10-point lead

Wrestling weights. Men – Bantamweight, featherweight, lightweight, welterweight, middleweight, heavyweight, super heavyweight. Women – Flyweight, lightweight, middleweight, heavyweight

Wrestling is the only sport with a maximum weight limit (120kg super heavyweight)

In Greco-Roman wrestling, no holds may be made below the hips. The weight categories and scoring is the same as freestyle wrestling. Created in 19th century France

Korea won all women’s archery events from 1984 to 2004

Men’s canoeing events (Kayak and Canadian) are over 500m and 1000m

Women’s canoeing events (Kayak) are over 500m

Men’s cycling pursuit is over 4000m

Women’s cycling pursuit is over 3000m

Match sprint is over 1000m (three laps)

GB won six straight bronze medals in the team pursuit between 1928 and 1956

2000m tandem race held between 1906 and 1972

Team time trial race held from 1912 to 1992

Equestrian participants must be 18, or 16 for dressage events

Horses must be at least 7, and have a passport

A fall in show jumping results in eight penalty points

Show jumping team competition is known as Prix des Nations

Isabell Werth (Germany) has competed in the Olympics dressage in 1992, 1996, 2000 and 2008. In those four games she won eight medals, five of them gold

The 24 gymnasts with the highest scores in the team competition advance to the All-Around final

The top eight scorers for each apparatus in the team competition qualify for the apparatus finals

Gymnasts must be at least 16 years old in the year of the Olympics

Only four of the five accessories (hoop, rope, clubs, ball, and ribbon) are chosen for each Olympic rhythmic gymnastics competition. Competitors must be at least 15 years old

In sculling events, each rower pulls two oars. In sweep events, each rower pulls one oar

The cox must weigh at least 55kg

Men in lightweight events may weigh no more than 72.5kg

All races are over 2000m

USA won rowing eights from 1920 to 1956

Finn dinghy was designed by Swedish canoe designer Rickard Sarby in 1949

470 was designed in 1963 by the Frenchman André Cornu. The name is the overall length of the boat in centimetres (i.e., the boat is 4.70 m long). Double-handed dinghy

Star was designed by Francis Sweisguth of New York in 1910

Europe is a single-handed dinghy sometimes known as the ‘small Finn’. It was designed by Alois Roland of Belgium in 1960

Yngling is a three-person keelboat designed in 1967 by Jan Herman Linge

Laser was designed in 1969 by Bruce Kirby of the USA

49er is a double-handed dinghy with a large sail area

Tornado is a two-man catamaran. Designed in England in 1966

The first woman to take part in Olympic yachting was Frances Rivett-Carnac (GB) who crewed for her husband in the 7-metre class in 1908

Discontinued yachting events – Dragon, Flying Dutchman, Tempest, Swallow, Soling (three-man keelboat designed by Jan Herman Linge), Sharpie

Men’s pistol events – rapid-fire, free, and air

Women’s pistol events – sport, and air

Small-bore rifle, three positions – each entrant shoots 40 shots prone, 40 kneeling and 40 standing

Between 1972 and 1988 the running target event used a life-size reproduction of a wild boar as the target

In the trap or clay pigeon event, clay saucers 4 1/3” in diameter are flung into the air. The shooter is allowed two shots at each bird

Double trap – two clay targets are launched at the same time

Skeet shooting uses the same clay saucers as trap shooting, but the rifle must be held at the hip until the target is launched. Whereas trap birds are sent out at ground level, in skeet they are released from two towers, one high, one low

Skeet shooting was introduced in 1968, and until 1992 both men and women were allowed to participate. But in 1996 the event was limited to men only, which was somewhat controversial because the 1992 Olympic Champion was a woman, Zhang Shan of China

Sexual integration of shooting began in 1968. In 1984 some events were divided into separate men’s and women’s competitions. By 1996 the sexes were completely segregated once again

Weightlifting weights. Men – Bantamweight, featherweight, lightweight, middleweight, light heavyweight, middle heavyweight, heavyweight, super heavyweight. Women – Flyweight, featherweight, lightweight, middleweight, light heavyweight, heavyweight, super heavyweight

The press was discontinued following the 1972 Olympics

First heavyweight class existed from 1980 to 1996

Early weightlifting competitions included the one-hand snatch and one-hand jerk

Kakhi Kakhiashvili, a Georgian-Greek weightlifter, is one of only four weightlifters to have won three consecutive gold medals at Olympic Games. He won his first in 1992, competing with the Unified Team, and later as a citizen of Greece in and 2000

In Olympic baseball, if one team is ahead by 10 or more runs after seven or eight innings, the game is over. A designated hitter is used in all games

In 1989, the International Amateur Basketball Federation (FIBA) voted to allow NBA players to compete at the Olympics

Men’s lacrosse was held in 1904 and 1908. Won by Canada on both occasions

In tug of war, the first team to pull the other team 6’ was declared the winner

The awarding of gold, silver, and bronze medals began in 1904

Austrian sailor Hubert Raudaschl made nine Olympic appearances

Albania boycotted four consecutive Olympics, from 1976 to 1988

Michael Phelps is the most decorated Olympian of all time, with a total of 22 medals. Phelps also holds the all-time records for Olympic gold medals (18, double the second highest record holders), and Olympic gold medals in individual events (11). In winning eight gold medals at the 2008 Beijing Games, Phelps took the record for the most first-place finishes at any single Olympic Games. Five of those victories were in individual events, tying the single Games record. In the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, Phelps won four golds and two silver medals, making him the most successful athlete of the Games for the third Olympics in a row

Boris Shakhlin was a Soviet gymnast who was the 1960 Olympic all-around champion and the 1958 all-around World Champion. He won total of 13 medals including seven gold medals at the Summer Olympics, and was the most successful athlete at the 1960 Summer Olympics. He held the record for most Olympic medals by a male athlete record until gymnast Nikolai Andrianov won his 14th and 15th medal at the 1980 Summer Olympics

Deszo Gyarmati (Hungary) won five Olympic medals (gold in 1952, 1956 and 1964, silver in 1948, bronze in 1960

Agnes Keleti (Hungary) won 10 Olympic medals including five gold medals, and is considered to be one of the most successful Jewish Olympic athletes of all time. She was the most successful athlete at the 1956 Summer Olympics

Oliver Halassy was a member of the Hungarian water polo team which won two gold medals and one silver medal between 1928 and 1936. His left leg was amputated below the knee after a childhood traffic accident

Vyacheslav Ivanov (Soviet Union) won the Olympic Gold medals in the single scull at 1956 Melbourne Games, 1960 Rome Games and 1964 Tokyo Games

Matt Biondi won 11 medals (eight gold, two silver, and one bronze) between 1984 and 1992

Detroit has had seven failed bids to hold the Olympics

Yugoslavia were runners-up in the football in 1948, 1952 and1956, and won in 1960

Shirley Babashoff won two gold medals and six silver medals in swimming

Sports at every Olympics – Athletics, Cycling, Fencing, Gymnastics, and Swimming

Neroli Fairhall took up archery following a motorbike accident which paralysed her from the waist down, ending her previous athletic career. She was able to compete in the 1984 Los Angeles Olympic Games, shooting for New Zealand. Fairhall was the first paraplegic to compete in the Olympic Games

Karoly Takacs (Hungary) was a world-class pistol shooter, but he was denied a place in the Hungarian shooting team for the 1936 Summer Olympics on the grounds that he was a sergeant, and only commissioned officers were allowed to compete. During army training in 1938, his right hand was badly injured when a faulty grenade exploded. Takacs was determined to continue his shooting career, and switched to shooting with his left hand. He won the gold medal in the 25m rapid fire pistol in 1948, and retained the title in 1952

Sawao Kato (Japan) won eight golds, three silvers and a bronze in gymnastics between 1968 and 1976

Anne Packer married Robbie Brightwell

Reiner Klimke (Germany) won six gold and two bronze medals in dressage at the Summer Olympics – a record for equestrian events. He appeared in six Olympic Games from 1960 to 1988 (excluding 1980)

Fastest average speed in athletics – men’s 4 x 100m relay

Kitty Godfree won five Olympic medals in tennis at the 1920 Antwerp and 1924 Paris games, the most Olympic medals ever won by a tennis player

Malaysian athletes have won a total of four Olympic medals, all in badminton

Representing Jamaica, Lennox Miller won the silver medal in the 100 metres in the 1968 Summer Olympics, and the bronze in the 1972 Summer Olympics, also in the 100 metres. He and Inger (gold, 4x100m relay) are the first father-daughter to win Olympic track and field medals

Lightweight events are held in rowing and weightlifting

Shirley Strickland has won more Olympic medals (seven) than any other Australian in running sports

Discus – women’s Olympic record is further than men’s Olympic record

The idea of the Olympic Village comes from Pierre de Coubertin. Up until 1924, National Olympic Committees rented locations around the host city to house participants. For the 1924 Summer Olympics, the organizers built cabins near the Stade Olympique de Colombes to allow the athletes to easily access the Games' venues. The Olympic Village of the 1932 Summer Olympics served as the model of today's Olympic Villages; it consisted of a group of buildings with rooms to lodge athletes

Lis Hartel (Denmark) became the first woman in equestrianism to win an Olympic medal when she won silver medals at the 1952 and 1956 Summer Olympics in dressage. She accomplished this feat despite being paralysed below the knees as a result of polio and required assistance on and off her horse

Fibreglass poles were used in the pole vault competition in 1964

Four members of the Keller family have won gold medals for Germany in field hockey

Jefferson Perez (Ecuador) specializes in the 20 km event, in which he has won the only two medals his country has ever achieved in the Olympic Games. He won the gold medal at the 1996 Olympics. In the 2008 Olympics he won the silver medal in the same competition

Russian gymnast Alexei Nemov has won 12 Olympic medals, including more Olympic bronze medals (six) than any other athlete

Jack Kelly was a triple Olympic Gold Medal winner, the first to do so in the sport of rowing. He won 126 straight races in the single scull. He was the father of Grace Kelly

Nova Peris-Kneebone became the first person Aboriginal Australian to win a medal, as a member of the winning women’s hockey team at the 1996 Olympics in Atlanta

Badminton doubles dominated by China, South Korea and Indonesia

Beach volleyball – two sets to 21, tie-break to 15 if one set all

Sinclair Coefficients are a means to compare different weight classes in Olympic weightlifting

The Olympic eventing competition was originally open only to male military officers in active duty, mounted only on military charges. In 1924, the event was open to male civilians, although non-commissioned Army officers could not participate in the Olympics until 1956. Women were first allowed to take part in 1964

Jenny Thompson is an American swimmer, and one of the most decorated Olympians in history, winning twelve medals, including eight gold medals (all relay), in the 1992, 1996, 2000, and 2004 Summer Olympics

Finland is the most successful currently competing country at the Olympic Games based on their population size and the number of Olympic medals and gold medals won

New Zealand – most medals per capita

Brazil has won most medals in sailing

Liechtenstein is longest-serving IOC member yet to win a medal

Paulo Radmilovic was a Welsh water polo player and swimmer of Croatian and Irish origin who won four Olympic titles in a 22 year Olympic career. He won four gold medals across three successive Olympic Games, a record which stood for a Great Britain Olympic athlete until broken by Steve Redgrave when he won his fifth gold medal at Sydney in 2000. In 1928, he was the first person to compete for Britain at five Olympic Games, a record that would remain until surpassed by fencer Bill Hoskyns in 1976

Henry Taylor was a British freestyle swimmer who competed at four Olympic Games. His record of three gold medals at one Olympic Games – the most by any Briton – stood for 100 years until it was equalled by cyclist Chris Hoy in 2008. Along with American runner Mel Sheppard, he was the most successful athlete at the 1908 Olympics

Valentina Vezzali has won six Olympic gold medals in foil competitions. Together with the German shooter Ralf Schumann, the Slovak slalom canoeist Michal Martikan and the Japanese female judoka Ryoko Tani, she is one of only four athletes in the history of the Summer Olympic Games to have won five medals in the same individual event

Sport and Leisure/Tour de France

2021-04-19T13:40:00Z

Admin: Created page with "'''History''' The Tour de France began to promote a new daily sports newspaper, ''L'Auto'' ahead of the largest paper in France, ''Le Vélo'', which sold 80,000 copies a day...."

'''History'''

The Tour de France began to promote a new daily sports newspaper, ''L'Auto'' ahead of the largest paper in France, ''Le Vélo'', which sold 80,000 copies a day. Some of ''Le Vélo'' 's advertisers had disagreed with the paper's support for Alfred Dreyfus, a soldier found guilty of selling secrets to the Germans but eventually acquitted after being sent to Devil's Island. The Tour was to promote their new rival paper, ''L'Auto''. The editor, Henri Desgrange, planned a five-week race from 31 May to 5 July. This proved too daunting and only 15 entered. Desgrange cut the length to 19 days and offered a daily allowance

The first Tour de France was staged in 1903. The route was split into six stages over a distance of 2,428 km, with a few days’ rest between each one. The race was won by Frenchman Maurice Garin, who won 3,000 francs

Maurice Garin also won the 1904 Tour de France, by a small margin over Lucien Pothier, but was subsequently stripped of the title which was awarded to Henri Cornet. Spectators felled trees to hold back rivals and beat up others at night outside St-Étienne. Cheating was rife too between riders and nine were thrown out during the race for, among other things, riding in or being pulled by cars. The first four finishers were all disqualified. Cornet, aged 19, remains the youngest ever winner of the Tour

The 1906 Tour saw the introduction of the ''flamme rouge'' (red flame), a red flag that indicates that the cyclists only have one kilometre to go

The race captured the imagination. ''L'Auto''<nowiki/>'s circulation rose from 25,000 to 65,000; by 1908 it was a quarter of a million. The Tour returned after its suspension during World War One and continued to grow, with circulation of ''L'Auto'' reaching 500,000 by 1923. More stages were added to the race.

In 1909 Francois Faber from Luxembourg became the first non-Frenchman to win the Tour de France, and his record of winning five consecutive stages still stands

The 1910 Tour saw the introduction of the ''voiture balai'' (broom wagon), a vehicle which follows the race to collect riders who cannot continue

Mountain stages were introduced in the Pyrenees in 1910 and the Alps in 1911

Odile Defraye won the 1912 Tour de France, which was the last tour decided by a points system instead of overall best time. He was the first Belgian to win the Tour

Tour de France was not held between 1915 and 1918 due to World War I

The leader in the first Tour de France was awarded a yellow armband. The colour yellow was chosen as ''L'Auto'' printed its newspapers on yellow paper. The yellow jersey was added to the race in 1919. The first rider to wear the yellow jersey was Eugène Christophe

The 1922 Tour de France was won by Firmin Lambot, aged 36, the oldest ever winner of the Tour

The 1926 Tour de France was the longest Tour in history, with a total distance of 5,745 km (3,570 miles). The maximum length of the Tour now is 3,500km (2,200 miles)

Charles Pelessier won 8 stages in the 1930 Tour de France (a record equaled by Eddy Merckx in 1970 and Freddy Maertens in 1976) but finished in ninth place

The mountains classification was added to the Tour de France in the 1933 edition and was first won by Vicente Trueba, who was known as "The Spanish Flea”

The first individual time trial was in the 1934 Tour de France

Until 1938 the Tour was open to anyone who could support himself. These riders were called touriste-routiers

Tour de France was not held between 1940 and 1946 due to World War II

In 1944, ''L'Auto'' was closed, and rights to the Tour were owned by the government. Jacques Goddet was allowed to publish another daily sports paper, ''L'Équipe'', which was given the right to organise the 1947 Tour de France.

The points classification was added to the Tour de France in the 1953 edition and was first won by Fritz Schär

The 1954 Tour de France was the first time that the Tour started outside France, in Amsterdam

National teams contested the Tour until 1961

The race has finished since 1975 with laps of the Champs-Élysées. The polka-dot jersey for the winner of the mountains classification, and the white jersey for the winner of the young rider classification (first won by Francesco Moser), were both introduced in 1975

Phil Anderson from Australia became the first non-European to wear the yellow jersey of the Tour de France in 1981. The following year he became the first non-European to win the white jersey

Greg LeMond of the USA became the first non-European winner in the 1986 race

In 1993 ownership of L'Équipe moved to the Amaury Group, which formed Amaury Sport Organisation, the current organisers of the Tour

In the 1995 Tour de France, several cyclists crashed on the descent of the Portet d'Aspet, including Fabio Casartelli. Casartelli's head hit a concrete barrier at high speed without wearing a helmet and he was declared dead in the hospital

Bjarne Rees from Denmark became the first Scandinavian winner in the 1996 race

Cadel Evans became the first Australian winner in the 2011 race

2013 Tour de France was the 100th edition of the Tour de France. It started on the island of Corsica for the first time

'''General classification'''

The ''maillot jaune'' (yellow jersey) is worn by the general classification (or overall time) leader

Maurice Garin was the first winner in 1903

Four riders have won the general classification five times in their career: Jacques Anquetil, Eddy Merckx, Bernard Hinault, and Miguel Indurain

Three riders have won the general classification three times: Philippe Thys, Louison Bobet, and Greg LeMond

Six riders have won the Tour without winning a stage: Firmin Lambot, Roger Walkowiak, Gastone Nencini, Lucien Aimar, Greg LeMond and Oscar Pereiro

Eddie Merckx holds the record for the number of stage wins (34), followed by Bernard Hinault (28) and Mark Cavendish (26)

Eddy Merckx holds the record for the number of yellow jerseys (96), followed by Bernard Hinault (75) and Miguel Indurain (60)

The French bank Crédit Lyonnais has sponsored the ''maillot jaune'' since 1987 and give the yellow jersey holder a stuffed lion at the end of the stage

'''Mountains classification'''

The ‘King of the Mountains’ wears a white jersey with red dots (''maillot à pois rouges''), referred to as the polka dot jersey

The Tour has five categories for ranking the mountains the race covers. Most climbs are designated from Category 1 (hardest) to Category 4 (easiest), based on steepness, length, and how far into the stage they are encountered. A climb that is harder than Category 1 is designated as hors catégorie ("beyond categorization") – include Alpe d'Huez, Col du Galibier and Mont Ventoux.

Polka dot jersey was first won by Lucien Van Impe

One rider has won the mountains classification seven times: Richard Virenque

Two riders have won the mountains classification six times: Federico Bahamontes and Lucien Van Impe

'''Points classification'''

The ''maillot vert'' (green jersey) is awarded for sprint points. The colour green was chosen because the first sponsor was a lawn mower producer

Points are given to the first 15 riders to finish a stage, with an additional set of points given to the first 15 riders to cross a pre-determined 'sprint' point during the route of each stage

Different numbers of points are awarded for each type of stage: flat, medium mountain, high mountain, time trial, and intermediate sprint

One rider has won the points classification six times: Erik Zabel

Two riders have won the points classification four times: Sean Kelly and Peter Sagan

'''Young rider classification'''

The ''maillot blanc'' (white jersey) is for the best-placed rider under the age of 26

Four riders have won both the young rider classification and the general classification in the same year: Laurent Fignon (1983), Jan Ullrich (1997), Alberto Contador (2007), and Andy Schleck (2010)

Two riders have won the young rider classification three times: Jan Ullrich and Andy Schleck

'''Team classification'''

The team classification is assessed by adding the time of each team's best three riders each day. The competition does not have its own jersey but since 2006 the leading team has worn numbers printed black-on-yellow. Until 1990, the leading team would wear yellow caps. As of 2012, the riders of the leading team wear yellow helmets. During the era of national teams, France and Belgium won 10 times each

Each of the 22 teams in the Tour de France has 9 riders

'''Combativity award'''

In the current system that has been active since 2003, a jury selects the most combative cyclist of each stage (excluding time trials). There is no jersey for the most combative rider, but he can be recognized by the race number worn on his back: it consists of a white number on a red background instead of the usual black on white. At the end of the Tour de France, a "super-combativity award" is given to the most combative cyclist of the race. Also known as the most aggressive rider prize

'''Intermediate sprints classification'''

The red jersey was awarded to the leader of the intermediate sprints classification in the Tour de France. The competition was first calculated in 1971, but the jersey was only awarded from 1984. Because the non-finish sprints also awarded points for the points classification, the intermediate sprints classification was considered redundant and has not been awarded since 1989. Barry Hoban won in 1974. The last winner was Sean Kelly

'''Combination classification'''

In 1968 the combination classification was introduced in the Tour de France, and was awarded with a white jersey. The jersey was awarded to the cyclists that did best in all other classifications: general, points, and mountain. From 1975 onwards, the white jersey was given to the best young cyclist, and the combination classification temporarily disappeared. In 1985, the combination classification was again reintroduced, and this time the combination jersey was used (which has yellow, green and red polka dot elements on a white background). The combination jersey was awarded for the last time in 1989. Eddy Merckx won the classification five times

'''Lanterne Rouge'''

The rider who has taken most time is called the ''lanterne rouge'' (‘red lantern’, as found at the end of a train). In 1939 and 1948 the organisers excluded the last rider every day, to encourage more competitive racing

Belgium rider Wim Vansevenant has been ''lanterne rouge'' of the Tour de France three times, in 2006, 2007 and 2008. He is the only man ever to have finished last three times

'''Doping'''

Riders in early Tours consumed alcohol

The three Pelissier brothers (Charles, Henri and Francis) abandoned the 1924 Tour de France, and gave an interview where they admitted using strychnine, cocaine, chloroform, aspirin, ‘horse ointment’ and others drugs to keep going

Tommy Simpson died in 1967 climbing Mont Ventoux after taking amphetamine

The “Festina Affair” (1998) was a series of doping scandals, doping investigations and confessions by riders to doping that occurred during and after the 1998 Tour de France (known as the “Tour of Shame”). The affair began when a large haul of doping products was found in a car of the Festina cycling team just before the start of the race. By 2000, all nine Festina riders had confessed to using erythropoietin (EPO) and other doping substances during the 1998 Tour

Jan Ullrich and Ivan Basso were banned by their teams a day before the start of the 2006 Tour due to the ''Operacion Puerto'' doping case. American rider Floyd Landis, who finished the Tour as holder of the overall lead, had tested positive for testosterone after he won stage 17, but this was not confirmed until some two weeks after the race finished. In 2008 Landis lost his appeal to the Court of Arbitration for Sport, and Óscar Pereiro was named as winner

Jan Ullrich was retroactively banned from 2011, and all results gained since 2005 were struck off. He admitted to blood doping in 2013

In 2012 the Court of Arbitration for Sport banned 2010 Tour winner Alberto Contador for two years for doping, and Andy Schleck was named as winner of the race

During the 2012 Tour, Frank Schleck (older brother of Andy Schleck) tested positive for a banned diuretic and was immediately disqualified from the Tour

In October 2012 USADA released a report on doping by the U.S. Postal Service cycling team, implicating, amongst others, Lance Armstrong. The UCI acted upon this report, formally stripping Armstrong of all titles since 1 August 1998, including all seven Tour victories, and announced that his Tour wins would not be reallocated to other riders

'''Appearances'''

The record for most appearances is held jointly by George Hincapie (USA), Stuart O'Grady (Australia), and Jens Voigt (Germany) with 17. In light of Hincapie's suspension for use of performance enhancing drugs, before which he held the mark for most consecutive finishes with sixteen, having completed all but his very first, Joop Zoetemelk holds the record for the most finishes, having completed all 16 of the Tours that he started

'''Route'''

The modern editions of the Tour de France consist of 21 day-long stages over a 23-day period and cover up to 3,500 kilometres (2,200 miles)

The race alternates between clockwise and counterclockwise circuits of France. In even-numbered years, it follows a clockwise route through France. The Tour is known La Grande Boucle (The Great Loop)

Since 1975 the race has finished with laps of the Champs-Élysées. There tends to be a gentlemen's agreement: while the points classification is still contended if possible, the overall classification is not fought over; because of this, it is not uncommon for the de facto winner of the overall classification to ride into Paris holding a glass of champagne

Bordeaux has had the most starts or finishes after Paris, 80 times

Alpe d'Huez was the first mountain-top finish in 1952, won by Fausto Coppi. The road to the Alpe d'Huez from Le Bourg d'Oisans, the town at its foot, climbs an almost vertical rock in 21 bends. Each bend is dedicated to an Alpe d'Huez winner

Mont Ventoux is often claimed to be the hardest in the Tour because of the harsh conditions. Tommy Simpson died on the mountain in 1967, suffering from heat exhaustion. There is a memorial to Simpson near the summit, which has become a shrine to fans of cycling

A memorial to Henri Desgrange stands at the top of the Col du Galibier, which was his favourite mountain. The highest ever stage finish in the Tour de France was at Col du Galibier in 2011

The highest point in any tour is called the roof of the tour, and the rider who leads there wins The Souvenir Henri Desgrange

Col du Tourmalet is the highest paved mountain pass in the French Pyrenees. It has been included in the Tour more than any other pass, starting in 1910. At the col is a memorial to Jacques Goddet, director of the Tour de France from 1936 to 1987, and a large statue of Octave Lapize (the first rider over the summit in 1910) gasping for air as he struggles to make the climb. The Souvenir Jacques Goddet prize is awarded for the first rider to cross the Col du Tourmalet summit

A small cycling museum is at the summit of the Col d'Izoard, along with a memorial to Fausto Coppi and Louison Bobet

'''Grand Départ'''

The start of the course is known as the Grand Départ. Since the 1950s it has typically taken place in a different town each year, and since the 1970s it has been common to award the Grand Départ to cities outside France as a way of increasing international interest in the competition and the sport. The right to host the Grand Départ is now highly sought after

The first Grand Départ was in the Paris suburb of Montgeron

The first Grand Départ outside Paris was in Evian in 1926

The first Grand Départ outside France was in 1954, when the Tour started in Amsterdam. This was followed by Brussels in 1958 and Cologne in 1965

The 1998 Grand Départ was in Dublin. Chris Boardman won the prologue but crashed out on stage 2 while wearing the yellow jersey

The Tour started in Great Britain for the first time in 2007, with the Prologue being held in London, and the first full stage from London to Canterbury

Prior to 2013, the Tour de France had visited every region of Metropolitan France except Corsica. The opening three stages of the 2013 Tour were held on Corsica as part of the celebrations for the 100th edition of the race

The Grand Départ team presentation in 2014 took place on 3 July in Leeds at the First Direct Arena

'''Leading riders'''

'''Jacques Anquetil''' was the first cyclist to win the Tour de France five times. He rode – and won – his first Tour de France in 1957, and won every year from 1961 to 1964. In 1961 he wore the yellow jersey for the whole race. His win in 1964 was his most famous, featuring an elbow-to-elbow duel with Raymond Poulidor on the road up the Puy de Dôme mountain. Suffering indigestion after his excesses on a rest day, Anquetil is reputed to have received treatment from his team manager in the form of a swallow of champagne. Anquetil was the first cyclist to win all three of the Grand Tours (Tour de France, Giro d’Italia and Vuelta a España)

'''Lance Armstrong''' was diagnosed with testicular cancer in 1996. He won the Tour de France seven consecutive times from 1999 to 2005. He was a member of the US Postal/Discovery team. Armstrong retired from racing at the end of the 2005 Tour de France, but returned to competitive cycling with the Astana team in 2009, finishing third in the Tour de France later that year. Armstrong was disqualified from each of those races and banned from cycling for life for doping offenses by the United States Anti-Doping Agency (USADA) in 2012

'''Federico Bahamontes''' won the Tour de France in 1959. Jacques Anquetil was whistled as he finished the Tour on the Parc des Princes because spectators had worked out that he and others had contrived to let Bahamontes rather than the Frenchman Anglade win, as the French team was unbalanced by internal rivalries. He was a climbing specialist and won the mountains classification six times between 1954 and 1964. Bahamontes was the first cyclist to complete a "career triple" in winning the King of the Mountains classification in all three Grand Tours. His nickname was "The Eagle of Toledo"

'''Gino Bartali''' won the Tour de France in 1938 and 1948 – the largest gap between victories in the race. Bartali's feat of winning three consecutive mountain stages in the 1948 Tour de France has never been equaled. Bartali's rivalry with Fausto Coppi divided Italy. Bartali played an important part in the Assisi resistance movement that prevented thousands of Italian Jews being sent to concentration camps in World War II

'''Louison Bobet''' was the first rider to win the Tour de France in three successive years, from 1953 to 1955. He also finished third in 1950, winning the mountains classification. Bobet refused to accept his first yellow jersey because it had not been made with the pure wool he believed the only healthy material for a rider

'''Alberto Contador''' won his first Tour de France in 2007 beating Cadel Evans by 23 seconds, the second-closest in the Tour's history, riding for Discovery Channel. He was unable to defend the title in 2008, due to doping allegations against the Astana team. In 2009, Contador won his second Tour, beating Andy Schleck and Lance Armstrong. In 2010, Contador became the seventh rider to win a Tour de France (later disqualified) without winning a stage. A decision by the Court of Arbitration for Sport in 2012 found Contador guilty of accidental ingestion of the prohibited substance Clenbuterol and hence he was stripped of his 2010 Tour de France title, and his results since that race, including victory in the 2011 Giro d'Italia, were voided, and he was suspended until August 2012. Contador has won all three Grand Tours of road cycling

'''Fausto Coppi''' won the Tour de France in 1949 and 1952. Coppi won the 1952 Tour by 28m 27s and the organiser had to double the prizes for lower placings to keep other riders interested. He was the dominant international cyclist of the years each side of the Second World War and he won the Giro d'Italia five times

'''Laurent Fignon''' won the Tour de France in 1983 and 1984, riding for the Renault-Elf team. In 1984 he beat former teammate Bernard Hinault by over 10 minutes. He was runner-up to Greg LeMond in 1989. His nickname was "The Professor"

'''Charly Gaul''' from Luxembourg won the 1958 Tour de France, and the mountains classification in 1955 and 1956. His climbing ability earned him the nickname of "The Angel of the Mountains" in the 1958 Tour de France, which he won with four stage victories

'''Bernard Hinault''' is one of two cyclists to have won each Grand Tour more than once (the other being Alberto Contador). He won the Tour de France in 1978, 1979, 1981, 1982 and 1985. He came second in 1984 and 1986 and won 28 stages, of which 13 were individual time trials. He remains the last French winner of the Tour de France. Hinault was nicknamed "Le Blaireau" (the badger). In 1985, Hinault’s lieutenant at La Vie Claire was Greg LeMond, who helped Hinault win the Tour. In 1986, Hinault was supposed to return the favour and let LeMond win, but Hinault rode an aggressive race. LeMond won the Tour, but he felt betrayed by Hinault and the La Vie Claire team leadership

'''Miguel Indurain''' won five consecutive Tours de France from 1991 to 1995. He finished 11th in the 1996 Tour de France, won by Bjarne Riis. His ability and physical size earned him the nickname "Miguelón" or "Big Mig". His resting pulse rate was 28 beats per minute. Indurain was a strong time trialist, gaining on rivals and riding defensively in the climbing stages. Raced for the Banesto team

'''Sean Kelly''' from Waterford raced in 14 Tours, with a highest overall placing of fourth in 1985. He won the points classification four times, in 1982, 1983, 1985 and 1989. He also won the intermediate sprints classification three times and won five stages

'''Greg LeMond''' became the first non-European cyclist to win the Tour de France in 1986, and he remains the only official winner from USA. LeMond was accidentally shot with multiple pellets while hunting in 1987 and missed the next two Tours. In the 1989 Tour de France, LeMond was trailing Laurent Fignon by fifty seconds at the start of the final stage, a time trial into Paris. LeMond rode for an average speed of 54.55 km/h, the second fastest time trial ever ridden in the Tour de France, and won the stage. Fignon's time in the stage was 58 seconds slower than LeMond's, costing him the victory and giving LeMond his second Tour title. The final margin of victory of eight seconds was the closest in the Tour's history. This was the last time the final stage in the Tour was a time trial. LeMond won his third and final Tour in 1990 without winning a stage

'''Eddy Merckx''' won the Tour de France five times, in 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972 and 1974. The 1969 race is unique in that it is the only time that a single cyclist has won not only the general classification, but the points classification and mountains classification as well. During stage 14 of the 1975 Tour de France a spectator leapt from the crowd and punched Merckx in the kidney. Frenchman Bernard Thevenet took over the lead, and after Merckx fell and broke his cheekbone, he was unable to take back the lead, and Thevenet became the winner of the race. Merckx won a record 34 stages and spent a record 96 days in the yellow jersey. He also won the points classification three times and the mountains classification twice. His nickname was "The Cannibal"

'''Vincenzo Nibali''' is one of six cyclists who have won the three Grand Tours in their career. He finished third in the 2012 Tour, and won the 2014 Tour after taking the yellow jersey on stage 2 from York to Sheffield. He rides for the Astana team and his nickname is "The Shark"

'''Marco Pantani''' won the Tour de France in 1998. He also won the young rider classification in 1994 and 1995. Although Pantani never tested positive during his career, his career was beset by doping allegations. He died of acute cocaine poisoning in 2004, aged 34. His nickname was "The Pirate"

'''Raymond Poulidor''' was known as "The eternal second", because he finished the Tour de France in second place three times and in third place five times. He never wore the yellow jersey. Poulidor was the first rider to be tested for drugs in the Tour de France

'''Stephen Roche''' won the Tour de France in 1987, beating Pedro Delgado by 40 seconds, and is the only Irishman to win the Tour de France. Later that year, with victory at the World road race championship, Roche became only the second man to win the Triple Crown of Cycling (Tour de France, the Giro d'Italia and the Road World Cycling Championship), after Eddie Merckx. He struggled with knee injuries and never contended in the Grand Tours after 1987

'''Peter Sagan''' from Slovakia has won four stages of the Tour de France, He was also the winner of the points classification, in 2012, 2013, 2014 and 2015; as a result, Sagan became the first rider to win the classification in his first four attempts. He also won the World Road Race Championships in 2015

'''Philippe Thys''' was the first cyclist to win the Tour de France three times, winning in 1913, 1914, and 1920. In the 1913 Tour he broke his bicycle fork and had to find a bicycle shop to mend it. The repair cost him a 10 minute penalty

'''Jan Ullrich''' won the Tour de France in 1997, and finished as runner-up in 1996 and 1998. He won the young rider classification three times. He finished as runner-up to Lance Armstrong three times, and came close to beating Armstrong in 2003. In 2006, Ullrich was barred from the Tour de France amid speculation of having doped. In 2012, Ullrich was found guilty of a doping offence by the Court of Arbitration for Sport. He was retroactively banned from August 2011, and all results gained since May 2005 were removed from his Palmarès

'''Lucien van Impe''' won the Tour de France in 1976, beating Eddy Merckx. He won the mountains classification in the Tour de France six times. Van Impe started 15 Tours de France and reached the finish in Paris every time

'''Richard Virenque''' won the mountains classification seven times between 1994 and 2004, beating the record set by Federico Bahamontes and Lucien van Impe. He was implicated in the Festina Affair (see above) doping scandal, and criticised by the media and satirists for his denial in the face of increasing evidence and his pretence of having been doped without his knowledge

'''Erik Zabel''' won a record nine points classifications in Grand Tours including wearing the final green jersey in the Tour de France a record six consecutive years from 1996 to 2001. He was beaten in 2002 by Australian cyclist Robbie McEwen. In 2007 Zabel admitted using EPO to prepare for the 1996 Tour de France

'''Joop Zoetemelk''' started and finished the Tour de France a record 16 times. He won the Tour in 1980 and came second six times. His career coincided with the rise and dominance of Eddy Merckx and Zoetemelk was often criticised for following rather than attacking Merckx

'''British riders'''

'''Chris Boardman''' won three stages and wore the yellow jersey on three separate occasions at the Tour de France. He won the prologue of the 1994 Tour de France with what was then the fastest time ever recorded. In 1998 Tour de France, when the Tour began in Dublin, he won the prologue but crashed on stage 2 while wearing the yellow jersey. He was a member of the GAN team, later renamed the Crédit Agricole team

'''Mark Cavendish''' has won 26 Tour de France stages putting him third on the all-time list. Cavendish won stage 11 of the 2010 Tour, but his lead-out rider, Mark Renshaw, was disqualified from the Tour after head-butting Julian Dean while leading out his teammate. In 2012 was named the Tour de France's best sprinter of all time by ''L'Equipe''. In the first stage of the 2014 Tour de France, Cavendish crashed out during a collision he caused in the final few seconds of the sprint finish. He suffered a separated right shoulder, and had to abandon the Tour. Cavendish won the points classification in 2011, and has finished second in three other Tours. In 2012 he achieved his fourth consecutive victory on the Champs-Élysées

'''Steve Cummings''' won stage 14 of the 2015 Tour de France. It was the first Tour de France stage win for both Cummings and his African team MTN-Qhubeka

'''Chris Froome''' was born in Kenya and has ridden under a British licence since 2008. He joined Team Sky in 2010. At the 2012 Tour de France, riding as a domestique for Bradley Wiggins, Froome won stage 7 and finished second overall. Froome won the 2013 Tour de France, and finished runner-up in the mountains classification. In 2014, Froome crashed out on stage 5 of the Tour de France after falling three times over two days. He won again in 2015, and also won the mountains classification, becoming the sixth rider to take the yellow and polka dot jerseys in the same year and the first to do so since Eddy Merckx in 1970

'''Barry Hoban''' formerly held the record for the most stage wins in the Tour de France by a British rider, winning eight between 1967 and 1975. He holds the record for the most Tours completed by a British rider – having finished 11 of the 12 he started between 1965 and 1978. He was also the only Briton to have won two consecutive stages of the Tour until Mark Cavendish matched it in 2008

'''David Millar''' was banned for two years in 2004 after admitting taking EPO. He went on to win four stages of the Tour de France and is the only British rider to have worn all Tour de France jerseys. Millar rode for Garmin-Sharp from 2008 to 2014

'''Robert Millar''' won the mountains classification competition in the 1984 Tour de France and finished fourth overall. Millar was the first rider from an English speaking country to have won the mountains classification. This was the highest Tour finish for a Briton until Bradley Wiggins finished third in the 2009 Tour de France. He rode the Tour de France eleven times completing the race eight times

'''Brian Robinson''' was the first Briton to finish the Tour de France and the first to win a Tour stage, in 1958

'''Max Sciandri''' won stage 11 of the 1995 Tour de France. He competed as an Italian national up to February 1995, then took British citizenship

'''Tommy Simpson''' became the first British rider to wear the yellow jersey, finishing sixth overall in the 1962 Tour de France. During stage 13 of the 1967 Tour de France, Simpson collapsed and died during the ascent of Mont Ventoux. He was 29 years old. The post-mortem examination found that he had mixed amphetamines and alcohol; this diuretic combination proved fatal when combined with the heat, the hard climb of the Ventoux and a stomach complaint. A memorial near where he died has become a place of pilgrimage for many cyclists. His death prompted tour officials to begin a program of drug testing

'''Bradley Wiggins''' rode in the 2009 Tour de France for Garmin–Slipstream, and finished fourth. In October 2012, following the disqualification of Lance Armstrong, who had originally placed third in the general classification, Wiggins was promoted to third place overall. This decision retroactively gave him the first podium finish by a British rider in Tour de France history. He joined Team Sky in 2010. In the 2012 Tour de France, Wiggins took over the yellow jersey by finishing third on stage 7. During stage 14, a mountain stage, a spectator threw carpet tacks onto the road. Several riders suffered punctures, including Cadel Evans. Wiggins and his fellow members of Team Sky emerged without a puncture. Believing that a puncture resulting from an unfortunate incident should not determine the fate of a competitor, Wiggins then had his team-mates and the rest of the peloton slow down to allow Evans and other affected cyclists to catch up. It was perceived as a generous act of sportsmanship and Wiggins was called "Le Gentleman" as a result. Wiggins became the first British rider to win the Tour, with teammate Chris Froome in second place

'''Michael Wright''' rode the Tour de France eight times and won three stages, in 1965, 1967 and 1973

'''Sean Yates''' won a stage of the Tour de France in 1988 and was the first British rider to win a time trial. Yates moved to Motorola in 1991, where he rode with Lance Armstrong. During stage 6 of the 1994 Tour de France, Yates took the overall lead, becoming the third Briton to wear the maillot jaune. In 2009, he was signed up as director of the newly formed Team Sky. Yates spent three years as the team's lead Director Sportif and, in 2012, presided over Bradley Wiggins victory in the Tour de France

Sport and Leisure/World Athletics Championships

2021-04-19T13:39:25Z

Admin: Created page with "'''1983: Helsinki''' 100m – Carl Lewis. 4th Allan Wells 200m – Calvin Smith. 4th Allan Wells 800m - Willi Wülbeck. 4th Peter Elliott..."

'''1983: Helsinki'''

100m – Carl Lewis. 4th Allan Wells

200m – Calvin Smith. 4th Allan Wells

800m - Willi Wülbeck. 4th Peter Elliott

1500m – Steve Cram. 4th Steve Ovett

5000m – Eammon Coghlan (Ireland)

Marathon – Rob de Castella (Australia)

110m hurdles – Greg Foster

400m hurdles – Ed Moses

Steeplechase - Patriz Ilg. Bronze – Colin Reitz

4 x 400m relay – Soviet Union. Bronze – GB (Ainsley Bennett, Cook, Todd Bennett, Brown)

Pole vault – Sergey Bubka (Soviet Union)

Long jump – Carl Lewis

Decathlon – Daley Thompson

Women’s 100m – Marlies Gohr (East Germany)

Women’s 200m – Marita Koch (East Germany). Bronze – Kathy Cook

Women’s 400m – Jarmila Kratochvilova (Czechoslovakia)

Women’s 800m – Jarmila Kratochvilova

Women’s 1500m – Mary Decker. 5th Wendy Sly

Women’s 3000m – Mary Decker. 5th Wendy Sly

Women’s marathon – Greta Waitz (Norway)

Women’s 4 x 100m relay – East Germany. Silver – GB (Baptiste, Cook, Callender, Thomas)

Women’s long jump. 5th Bev Kinch

Women’s javelin – Tina Lillak (Finland). Silver – Fatima Whitbread. 4th Tessa Sanderson

East Germany topped the medal table

Carl Lewis anchored the USA 4 x 100m relay team to a world record time of 37.86 seconds

Sergey Bubka’s win was the first of six consecutive world titles

Jarmila Kratochvilova broke the world record in the 400m with a time of 47.99 seconds, which has only been beaten by Marita Koch

'''1987: Rome'''

100m – Carl Lewis. Bronze – Linford Christie

200m – Calvin Smith. Bronze – John Regis

400m - Thomas Schönlebe. 5th Derek Redmond

800m – Billy Konchellah (Kenya). Silver – Peter Elliott

5000m – Said Aouita (Morocco). Bronze – Jack Bucknor

110m hurdles – Greg Foster. Silver – Jon Ridgeon. Bronze – Colin Jackson

400m hurdles – Ed Moses

4 x 400m relay – USA. Silver – GB (Redmond, Akabusi, Black, Brown)

High jump – Patrik Sjoberg (Sweden)

Pole vault – Sergey Bubka

Long jump – Carl Lewis

Women’s 100m – Silke Gladisch (East Germany)

Women’s 200m – Silke Gladisch

Women’s 10000m – Ingrid Kristiansen (Norway)

Women’s marathon – Rosa Mota (Portugal)

Women’s high jump – Stefka Kostadinova (Bulgaria)

Women’s long jump – Jackie Joyner-Kersee

Women’s javelin – Fatima Whitbread. 4th Tessa Sanderson

Heptathlon – Jackie Joyner-Kersee

East Germany topped the medal table

Women's 10000m and 10 km walk were added to the programme.

Carl Lewis broke the world record in the 100m with a time of 9.93 seconds

Giovanni Evangelisti of Italy originally won the bronze in the men’s long jump with a jump of 8.37m, but it was later determined that Italian field officials had entered a pre-arranged fake result for a jump of 7.85m

Stefka Kostadinova broke the world record in the high jump with 2.09m, a record which still stands today

'''1991: Tokyo'''

100m – Carl Lewis. 4th Linford Christie

200m – Michael Johnson

400m – Antonio Pettigrew. Silver – Roger Black

800m – Billy Konchellah

1500m – Noureddine Morceli (Algeria)

110m hurdles – Greg Foster. Bronze – Tony Jarrett

400m hurdles - Samuel Matete. Bronze – Kriss Akabusi

3000m steeplechase – Moses Kiptanui (Kenya)

4 x 100m relay. Bronze – GB (Jarrett, Regis, Braithwaite, Christie)

4 x 400m relay – GB (Black, Redmond, Regis, Akabusi)

High jump - Charles Austin. 4th Dalton Grant

Pole vault – Sergey Bubka

Long jump – Mike Powell

Triple jump – Kenny Harrison

Discus – Lars Riedel (Germany)

Decathlon – Dan O’Brien

Women’s 100m – Katrin Krabbe (Germany). Silver – Gwen Torrence (USA). Bronze – Merlene Ottey (Jamaica)

Women’s 200m – Katrin Krabbe. Silver – Gwen Torrence. Bronze – Merlene Ottey

Women’s 400m – Marie-Jose Perec (France)

Women’s 1500m – Hassima Boulmerka (Algeria)

Women’s 10000m – Liz McColgan

Women’s 400m hurdles. Silver – Sally Gunnell

Women’s long jump – Jackie Joyner-Kersee

USA topped the medal table

Originally, it was planned to be hold the World Championships every four years, but this changed after 1991, and it has since been run biennially

The event is best remembered for the men's long jump competition, when Carl Lewis made the best six-jump series in history, only to be beaten by Mike Powell, whose 8.95 m jump broke Bob Beamon’s long-standing world record from the 1968 Olympics

Carl Lewis anchored the USA 4 x 100m relay team to a world record time of 37.50 seconds

Lars Reidel’s win was the first of five world titles

'''1993: Stuttgart'''

100m – Linford Christie

200m – Frankie Fredericks (Namibia). Silver – John Regis. Bronze – Carl Lewis

400m – Michael Johnson

800m – Paul Ruto. 4th Curtis Robb

1500m – Noureddine Morceli

10000m – Haile Gebrselassie (Ethiopia)

110m hurdles – Colin Jackson. Silver – Tony Jarrett

3000m steeplechase – Moses Kiptanui (Kenya)

4 x 100m relay – USA. Silver – GB (Jackson, Jarrett, Regis, Christie)

High jump – Javier Sotomayor (Cuba). Bronze – Steve Smith

Pole vault – Sergey Bubka (Ukraine)

Long jump – Mike Powell

Triple jump – Mike Conley (USA). Bronze – Jonathan Edwards

Discus – Lars Riedel

Javelin – Jan Zelezny (Czech Republic). Bronze – Mick Hill. 4th Steve Backley

Decathlon – Dan O’Brien

Women’s 100m – Gail Devers

Women’s 200m – Merlene Ottey

Women’s 800m – Maria Mutola (Mozambique). 4th Diane Modahl

Women’s 1500m. Silver – Sonia O’Sullivan (Ireland)

Women’s 100m hurdles – Gail Devers

Women’s 400m hurdles – Sally Gunnell

Women’s 4 x 400m relay – USA. Bronze – GB (Keough, Smith, Goddard, Gunnell)

Women’s long jump – Heike Drechsler (Germany)

Heptathlon – Jackie Joyner-Kersee

USA topped the medal table

Held at the Gottlieb Daimler Stadium, Stuttgart

This was the final time the women's 3000m would be contested. At subsequent Championships the race was replaced by the 5000m

Women's triple jump was added to the programme

Haile Gebrselassie’s win was the first of four consecutive world titles

Colin Jackson won the 110m hurdles in a world record time of 12.91 seconds

Michael Johnson anchored the USA 4 x 400m relay team to a world record time of 2:54.29, a record which still stands today

Chinese athletes won the women’s 1500m, 3000m and 10000m titles

'''1995: Gothenburg'''

100m – Donovan Bailey (Canada)

200m – Michael Johnson

400m – Michael Johnson

800m – Wilson Kipketer (Denmark)

1500m – Noureddine Morceli

10000m – Haile Gebrselassie

Marathon - Martín Fiz. 4th Peter Whitehead

110m hurdles – Allen Johnson. Silver – Tony Jarrett

3000m steeplechase – Moses Kiptanui

High jump – Troy Kemp. 4th Steve Smith

Pole vault – Sergey Bubka

Long jump – Ivan Pedroso (Cuba)

Triple jump – Jonathan Edwards

Discus – Lars Riedel

Javelin – Jan Zelezny. Silver – Steve Backley

Decathlon – Dan O’Brien

Women’s 100m – Gwen Torrence

Women’s 200m – Merlene Ottey

Women’s 400m – Marie-Jose Perec

Women’s 800m – Ana Quirot (Cuba). Bronze – Kelly Holmes

Women’s 1500m – Hassima Boulmerka. Silver – Kelly Holmes

Women’s 5000m – Sonia O’Sullivan

Women’s 100m hurdles – Gail Devers

Women’s high jump – Stefka Kostadinova

Women’s long jump – Fiona May (Italy)

Heptathlon – Ghada Shouaa (Syria)

USA topped the medal table

Held at the Ullevi Stadium, Gothenburg

Jonathan Edwards won the triple jump with a world record jump of 18.29m, the first ever jump to exceed 18m

Ivan Pedroso’s win was the first of four consecutive world titles

Wilson Kipketer was born in Kenya, but competed for Denmark

Fiona May was born in Slough, but competed for Italy

'''1997: Athens'''

100m – Maurice Greene

200m – Ato Boldon (Trinidad and Tobago)

400m – Michael Johnson. 4th Mark Richardson

800m – Wilson Kipketer

1500m – Hicham El Guerrouj (Morocco)

10000m – Haile Gebrselassie

110m hurdles – Allen Johnson. Silver – Colin Jackson

3000m steeplechase – Wilson Kipketer

4 x 100m relay. Canada. Bronze – GB (Braithwaite, Campbell, Walker, Golding)

4 x 400m relay – GB (Thomas, Black, Baulch, Richardson)

High jump – Javier Sotomayor

Pole vault – Sergey Bubka

Long jump – Ivan Pedroso

Triple jump – Yoelbi Quesada (Cuba). Silver – Jonathan Edwards

Discus – Lars Riedel

Javelin. Silver – Steve Backley

Decathlon – Tomas Dvorak (Czech Republic)

Women’s 100m – Marion Jones

Women’s 200m – Zhanna Pintusevich (Ukraine)

Women’s 400m – Cathy Freeman (Australia)

Women’s 800m – Ana Quirot

Women’s 5000m – Gabriela Szabo (Romania). 4th Paula Radcliffe

Women’s triple jump - Šárka Kašpárková. 5th Ashia Hansen

Heptathlon – Sabine Braun (Germany). Silver – Denise Lewis

USA topped the medal table

Hicham El Guerrouj’s win was the first of four consecutive world titles

USA originally won the 4 x 400 m relay, but were disqualified in 2009 after Antonio Pettigrew admitted to using illegal drugs

'''1999: Seville'''

100m – Maurice Greene. Bronze – Dwain Chambers

200m – Maurice Greene

400m – Michael Johnson

800m – Wilson Kipketer

1500m – Hicham El Guerrouj

10000m – Haile Gebrselassie

110m hurdles – Colin Jackson

4 x 100m relay – USA. Silver – GB (Gardner, Campbell, Devonish, Chambers)

4 x 400m relay – Poland

Long jump – Ivan Pedroso

Triple jump. Bronze – Jonathan Edwards

Shot put – C.J. Hunter

Decathlon – Tomas Dvorak. Silver – Dean Macey

Women’s 100m – Marion Jones

Women’s 200m – Inger Miller

Women’s 400m – Cathy Freeman. 5th Katharine Merry

Women’s 1500m – Svetlana Masterkova

Women’s 5000m – Gabriela Szabo

Women’s 10000m – Gete Wami. Silver – Paula Radcliffe

Women’s 100m hurdles – Gail Devers

Women’s 4 x 100m relay – Bahamas

Women’s pole vault – Stacy Dragila

Heptathlon – Eunice Barber. Silver – Denise Lewis

USA topped the medal table

Women's pole vault and hammer were added to the programme and the women's 20 km walk replaced the 10 km walk

Michael Johnson won the 400m in a world record time of 43.18 seconds, a record which still stands today

Marion Jones was allowed to keep the medals she won in 1997 and 1999, but was later stripped of the titles she won at the 2000 Olympic Games after admitting to steroid use

C.J. Hunter was the husband of Marion Jones and was involved in the BALCO drugs scandal

USA originally won the 4 x 400 m relay, but were disqualified in 2009 after Antonio Pettigrew admitted to using illegal drugs

'''2001: Edmonton'''

100m – Maurice Greene. Silver – Bernard Williams

200m – Konstantinos Kenteris (Greece)

1500m – Hicham El Guerrouj

110m hurdles – Allen Johnson

400m hurdles – Felix Sanchez (Dominican Republic). 5th Chris Rawlinson

4 x 100m relay – South Africa

4 x 400m relay – Bahamas

Long jump – Ivan Pedroso

Triple jump – Jonathan Edwards

Discus – Lars Riedel

Javelin – Jan Zelezny

Decathlon – Tomas Dvorak. Silver – Erki Nool (Estonia). Bronze – Dean Macey

Women’s 100m – Zhanna Pintusevich

Women’s 200m – Debbie Ferguson (Bahamas)

Women’s 800m – Maria Mutola

Women’s 1500m – Gabriela Szabo

Women’s 10000m – Derartu Tulu (Ethiopia). 4th Paula Radcliffe

Women’s pole vault – Stacy Dragila (USA)

Women’s long jump – Fiona May

Women’s triple jump – Tatyana Lebedeva (Russia)

Women’s javelin – Osleidys Menendez (Cuba)

Russia topped the medal table

Held at the Commonwealth Stadium, Edmonton

Tim Montgomery (USA) originally came second in the men's 100m, but was disqualified in 2005 after he admitted to drug use

USA originally finished first in men’s 4 x 100m relay but they were disqualified in 2005 after Tim Montgomery admitted to drug use

Marion Jones finished second in the 100m and first in the 200m, but she was disqualified in 2005 after she admitted to using steroids

USA originally finished first in women’s 4 x 100m relay, but were disqualified in 2004 after Kelli White admitted to using steroids

Natalya Sadova of Russia originally won the gold medal in women’s discus, but she was later disqualified after she tested positive for caffeine

'''2003: Paris'''

100m – Kim Collins. Bronze – Darren Campbell

200m – John Capel.. 4th Darren Campbell

400m – Tyree Washington (USA)

1500m – Hicham El Guerrouj

10000m – Kenenise Bekele (Ethiopia)

110m hurdles – Allen Johnson

400m hurdles – Felix Sanchez

20km walk – Jefferson Perez (Ecuador)

Long jump – Dwight Phillips

Triple jump – Christian Olsson (Sweden)

Women’s 100m – Torri Edwards (USA)

Women’s 400m – Ana Guevara (Mexico)

Women’s 800m – Maria Mutola. Silver – Kelly Holmes

Women’s 1500m - Tatyana Tomashova. Bronze – Hayley Tullett

Women’s 5000m – Tirunesh Dibaba (Ethiopia)

Women’s 10000m – Berhane Adere (Ethiopia)

Women’s 400m hurdles – Jana Pittman-Rawlinson (Australia)

Women’s pole vault – Svetlana Feofanova (Russia)

Women’s long jump – Eunice Barber (France). 4th Jade Johnson

Women’s triple jump – Tatyana Lebedeva

Heptathlon – Carolina Kluft (Sweden)

USA topped the medal table

Jon Drummond was disqualified in the quarterfinals of 100m for a false start. However, he contested that he did not false start, repeatedly shouting "I did not move". He delayed competition for almost an hour by refusing to leave the track. He protested for a period of time by lying down on the track

Dwain Chambers finished fourth in the 100m final but was disqualified following his drug ban

Jerome Young originally finished first in the 400m, but was disqualified after he tested positive for drugs

GB team (Devonish, Malcolm, Campbell, Chambers) were stripped of 4 x100m relay silver medal due to drug ban on Chambers

USA originally finished first in 4 x 400m relay, but were disqualified after Jerome Young and Calvin Harrison both tested positive for drugs in 2004

Dwight Phillips’s win was the first of four world titles

Kelli White finished first in women’s 100m and 200m, but was stripped of her medals after testing positive for drugs

'''2005: Helsinki'''

100m – Justin Gatlin

200m – Justin Gatlin

400m – Jeremy Wariner. 5th Tim Benjamin

800m – Rashid Ramzi (Bahrain)

1500m – Rashid Ramzi

10000m – Kenenise Bekele

400m hurdles – Bershawn Jackson (USA)

20km walk – Jefferson Perez

4 x 100m relay – France. Bronze – GB (Gardener, Devonish, Malcolm, Lewis-Francis)

Long jump – Dwight Phillips

Decathlon – Bryan Clay (USA)

Women’s 100m – Lauryn Williams

Women’s 200m – Allyson Felix

Women’s 400m – Tonique Williams-Darling (Bahamas)

Women’s 5000m – Tirunesh Dibaba

Women’s 10000m – Tirunesh Dibaba

Women’s marathon – Paula Radcliffe

Women’s 4 x 400m. Bronze – GB (McConnell, Fraser, Sanders, Ohuruogu)

Women’s pole vault – Yelena Isinbayeva

Women’s javelin – Osleidys Menendez

Heptathlon – Carolina Kluft. 5th Kelly Sotherton

USA topped the medal table

Women's 3000m steeplechase was added to the programme

The original winning bid for the competition was from London, but the cost to build the required stadium at Picketts Lock and host the event was deemed too expensive by the government. UK Athletics suggested to move the host city to Sheffield (using Don Valley Stadium), but the IAAF stated that having London as the host city was central to their winning the bid. The championships bidding process was reopened as a result

Much of the event in Helsinki was held in heavy rain

Finland’s only medal was a bronze in the men’s long jump from Tommi Evila

USA finished in first four places in men’s 200m

Tirunesh Dibaba became the first woman to win the 5000m and 10000m at the same championships

Osleidys Menendez set a new world record in the women’s javelin

'''2007: Osaka'''

100m – Tyson Gay

200m – Tyson Gay. Silver – Usain Bolt

400m – Jeremy Wariner

1500m – Bernard Lagat (Kenya)

5000m – Bernard Lagat. 6th Mo Farah

10000m – Kenenise Bekele

110m hurdles – Liu Xiang (China)

20km walk – Jefferson Perez

4 x 100m relay - USA. Bronze – GB (Malcolm, Pickering, Devonish, Lewis-Francis)

Long jump – Irving Saladino (Panama)

Triple jump – Nelson Evora (Portugal)

Javelin – Tero Pitkamaki (Finland)

Decathlon – Roman Sebrle (Czech Republic)

Women’s 100m – Veronica Campbell

Women’s 200m – Allyson Felix

Women’s 400m – Christine Ohuruogu. Silver – Nicola Sanders

Women’s 5000m – Meseret Defar (Ethiopia)

Women’s 10000m – Tirunesh Dibaba. 4th Jo Pavey

Women’s 400m hurdles – Jana Pittman-Rawlinson

Women’s 4 x 400m. Bronze – GB (Ohuruogu, Okoro, McConnell, Sanders)

Women’s high jump – Blanka Vlasic (Croatia)

Women’s pole vault – Yelena Isinbayeva

Women’s long jump – Tatyana Lebedeva

Women’s triple jump. Silver – Tatyana Lebedeva

Women’s shot put – Valerie Adams

Women’s javelin – Barbora Spotakova (Czech Republic)

Heptathlon – Carolina Kluft. Bronze – Kelly Sotherton. 4th Jessica Ennis

USA topped the medal table

Held at the Nagai Stadium, Osaka. No world records were broken

Tyson Gay and Allyson Felix collected three gold medals each. USA won all four relays

Bernard Lagat became the first man to win both the 1500m and 5000m titles at the same World Championships

Kyriakos Ioannou claimed the first ever medal for Cyprus in a World Championships, a bronze in the high jump

Japan gained its only medal on the final day with a bronze for Reiko Tosa in the women's marathon

Ohuruogu won the gold medal just 24 days after her 12-month suspension for missing three out-of-competition doping tests expired

Valerie Adams (NZ) (formerly known as Valerie Vili) won the first of her four successive World Championships in the shot put

'''2009: Berlin'''

100m – Usain Bolt. Silver – Tyson Gay. Bronze – Asafa Powell

200m – Usain Bolt. Silver – Alonso Edward (Panama)

400m – LaShawn Merritt

1500m – Yusuf Saad Kamel (Bahrain)

5000m – Kenenise Bekele

10000m – Kenenise Bekele

110m hurdles – Ryan Braithwaite (Barbados). 4th Will Sharman

3000m steeplechase – Ezekiel Kemboi (Kenya)

4 x 100m relay – Jamaica. Bronze – GB (Williamson, Edgar, Devonish, Aikines-Aryeetey)

4 x 400m relay – USA. Silver – GB (Williams, Bingham, Tobin, Rooney)

Pole vault – Steve Hooker (Australia)

Long jump – Dwight Phillips

Triple jump – Phillips Idowu

Discus – Robert Harting (Germany)

Javelin – Andreas Thorkildsen (Norway)

Women’s 100m – Shelly-Ann Fraser

Women’s 200m – Allyson Felix

Women’s 400m – Sanya Richards

Women’s 800m – Caster Semenya (South Africa). Bronze – Jenny Meadows

Women’s 1500m - Maryam Yusuf Jamal. Silver – Lisa Dobriskey

Women’s 5000m – Vivian Cheruiyot (Kenya)

Women’s pole vault – Anna Rogowska (Poland)

Women’s long jump – Brittney Reese (USA). 6th Shara Proctor (Anguilla)

Women’s high jump – Blanka Vlasic

Women’s shot put – Valerie Adams

Heptathlon – Jessica Ennis

USA topped the medal table

Usain Bolt won the 100m in a world record time of 9.58 seconds and the 200m in a world record time of 19.19 seconds.

Yusuf Saad Kamel’s father is Billy Konchellah, who won the 800m for Kenya at the 1987 and 1991 World Championships

Ryan Braithwaite won Barbados’s first ever gold medal in the World Championships

Ezekiel Kemboi won the first of his four successive World Championships

Marathon and racewalking events started and finished at the Brandenburg Gate

Berlino, the bear mascot, dropped women’s 400m hurdles champion Melaine Walker after crashing into a hurdle

Marta Dominguez of Spain won the women’s 3000m steeplechase, but was found guilty of doping in 2015

Yelena Isanbeyeva failed to clear a height in the women’s pole fault and finished last

Shara Proctor was born in Anguilla and has represented Great Britain since 2011

'''2011: Daegu'''

100m – Yohan Blake (Jamaica). Silver – Walter Dix (USA)

200m – Usain Bolt. Silver – Walter Dix

400m – Kirani James (Grenada)

800m – David Rudisha (Kenya)

1500m – Asbel Kiprop (Kenya)

5000m – Mo Farah

10000m. Silver – Mo Farah

110m hurdles – Jason Richardson (USA). Bronze – Andy Turner. 5th Will Sharman

400m hurdles – Dai Greene

3000m steeplechase – Ezekiel Kemboi

Long jump – Dwight Phillips

Triple jump – Christian Taylor. Silver – Phillips Idowu

Women’s 100m – Carmelita Jeter

Women’s 200m – Veronica Campbell-Brown

Women’s 400m – Amantle Montsho (Botswana)

Women’s 1500m – Jennifer Simpson. Silver – Hannah England

Women’s 5000m – Vivian Cheruiyot

Women’s 10000m – Vivian Cheruiyot

Women’s marathon – Edna Kiplagat (Kenya)

Women’s 100m hurdles – Sally Pearson (Australia). 4th Tiffany Porter

Women’s long jump – Brittney Reese

Women’s shot put – Valerie Adams

Heptathlon. Silver – Jessica Ennis

USA topped the medal table

Mascot was Sarbi, a local dog

Dwain Chambers was disqualified from 100m semi-final after a false start

Usain Bolt was disqualified from 100m final after a false start. Aged 21, Yohan Blake became the youngest 100m world champion

Kirani James was aged18

Cuba's Dayron Robles finished first in the final of the men's 110 metres hurdles, but was disqualified for interfering with Liu Xiang twice before and over the last barrier. Jason Richardson was awarded the gold, Liu the silver, and Andy Turner promoted to the bronze medal

Jamaica won the men’s 4 x 100m relay in 37.04 seconds to set the only world record at the championships

Oscar Pistorius became the first paralympic to win a medal at the World Championships, winning a silver medal in 4 x 400m relay for South Africa

Christine Ohuruogu was disqualified in her 400m heat for a false start

'''2013: Moscow'''

100m – Usain Bolt. Silver – Justin Gatlin

200m – Usain Bolt. Silver – Warren Weir (Jamaica)

400m – LaShawn Merritt

1500m – Asbel Kiprop

5000m – Mo Farah

10000m – Mo Farah

400m hurdles - LaShawn Merritt. 5th Will Sharman

Marathon – Stephen Kiprotich (Uganda)

3000m steeplechase – Ezekiel Kemboi

50km walk – Rob Heffernan (Ireland)

High jump – Bohdan Bondarenko (Ukraine)

Discus – Robert Harting

Decathlon – Ashton Eaton

Women’s 100m – Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce. Silver – Murielle Ahoure (Ivory Coast)

Women’s 200m – Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce. Silver – Murielle Ahoure

Women’s 400m – Christine Ohuruogu. Silver – Amantle Montsho

Women’s1500m - Abeba Aregawi. 4th Hannah England

Women’s 5000m – Meseret Defar

Women’s 10000m – Tirunesh Dibaba

Women’s marathon – Edna Kiplagat

Women’s 100m hurdles – Brianna Rollins (USA). Silver – Sally Pearson. Bronze – Tiffany Porter

Women’s 400m hurdles - Zuzana Hejnová. 5th Eilidh Child

Women’s 4 x 100m relay – Jamaica. Bronze – GB (Asher-Smith, Nelson, Lewis, Jones)

Women’s 4 x 400m relay – Russia. Bronze – GB (Child, Cox, Adeoye, Ohuruogu)

Women’s pole vault – Yelena Isinbayeva

Women’s long jump – Brittney Reese

Women’s shot put – Valerie Adams

Heptathlon - Hanna Melnychenko. 5th Katarina Johnson-Thompson

Russia won the most gold medals to top the table for the first time since 2001. It was also the first time ever the host nation took the top of the medal table. The United States won the most overall medals

Main venue was Luzhniki Stadium in Moscow

Mascot was a sparrow

No world records were set at the event

Usain Bolt and Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce both won three gold medals in the men's and women's 100m, 200m and 4 x 100m relay. This achievement also earned Bolt the title of being the most successful athlete in the history of the World Championships with eight gold and two silver medals

Felix Sanchez made his seventh consecutive World Championship 400m hurdles final

Stephen Kiprotich won Uganda’s first ever gold medal

France finished second in the women’s 4 x 100m relay but were disqualified more than two hours after the race. USA were upgraded to the silver medal, and GB received the bronze medal

Caterine Ibarguen won Colombia's first ever World Championship gold medal, in the triple jump

'''2015: Beijing'''

100m – Usain Bolt. Silver – Justin Gatlin

200m – Usain Bolt. Silver – Justin Gatlin. 5th Zharnel Hughes

800m – David Rudisha (Kenya)

1500m – Asbel Kiprop

3000m steeplechase – Ezekiel Kemboi

5000m – Mo Farah

10000m – Mo Farah

4 x 400m relay - USA. Bronze – GB (Yousif, Williams, Dunn, Rooney)

Long jump – Greg Rutherford

Triple jump – Christian Taylor

Javelin – Julius Yego (Kenya)

Decathlon – Ashton Eaton

Women’s 100m – Shelly-Anne Fraser-Pryce. Silver – Dafne Schippers (Netherlands)

Women’s 200m – Dafne Schippers. 5th Dina Asher-Smith

Women’s 400m – Allyson Felix

Women’s 1500m – Genzebe Dibaba (Ethiopia). 5th Laura Muir

Women’s marathon – Mare Dibaba (Ethiopia)

Women’s 4 x 400m relay. Bronze – GB (Ohuruogu, Onuora, Child, Bundy-Davies)

Women’s long jump. Silver – Shara Proctor

Women’s hammer. 4th – Sophie Hitchon

Heptathlon – Jessica Ennis-Hill

Kenya finished top of the medal table, ahead of Jamaica, USA, and Great Britain

The event was the largest sporting event to take place at the Beijing National Stadium ("Bird's Nest") since the 2008 Summer Olympics

Mascot was Yan’er, an abstract red swallow

Usain Bolt was knocked over after the 200m final by a cameraman on a segway

Greg Rutherford joined Daley Thompson, Linford Christie, Sally Gunnell and Jonathan Edwards in holding all four major titles at the same time

Great Britain failed to finish in the final of the final of the 4 x 100m relay following a botched final exchange between James Ellington and Chijindu Ujah

LaShawn Merritt won his sixth gold in 4 x 400m relay

Christian Taylor’s winning jump of 18.21m in the triple jump was the second best jump in history only behind the world record of Jonathan Edwards

Julius Yego learnt how to throw the javelin by watching videos on YouTube

Ashton Eaton won the decathlon with a world record 9045 points

Eritrea won its first world title, with Ghirmay Ghebreslassie winning the men’s marathon and Kosovo made its debut.

Allyson Felix won her ninth gold medal at the World Championships

In the heptathlon, Katrina Johnson-Thompson had three fouls in the long jump, scoring no points

'''2017: London'''

Doha also bid for the World Championships. On 11 November 2011, the winner was officially announced as London. London unveiled its bid for the 2017 championships with the slogan “Ready to break records”

The main venue will be the Olympic Stadium, from 5-13 August

'''2019: Doha'''

Doha in Qatar won the bid for the 2019 World Championships

'''2021: Eugene'''

Eugene, Oregon was awarded the 2021 World Championships without going through the normal bidding process

Helsinki is the only city to have held the world Championships twice

With the exception of the 50 km walk the women compete in practically the same events as the men. Two differences remain – the short hurdles race (100m for women vs. 110m for men), and the multi-event competition (heptathlon for women vs. decathlon for men)

USA has won 143 gold medals, Russia 55, Kenya 50

GB has won 25 gold medals

'''Leading medal winners:'''

Men – Usain Bolt 13 (11-2-0), LaShawn Merritt 11 (8-3-0).

Women – Merlene Ottey 14 (3-4-7), Allyson Felix 13 (9-3-1)

Host nations not to win any medals: Canada (2001), Sweden (1995) and South Korea (2011)

Sport and Leisure/Sport 2015

2021-04-18T22:55:57Z

Admin: Created page with "Jan 1 European Capital of Sport – Turin Jenson Button marries Jessica Michibata Spurs 5 Chelsea 3 Jan 2 Alan Pardew appointed as manager of Crystal Palace Jan 3 Sanga..."

Jan 1

European Capital of Sport – Turin

Jenson Button marries Jessica Michibata

Spurs 5 Chelsea 3

Jan 2

Alan Pardew appointed as manager of Crystal Palace

Jan 3

Sangakkara hits 11th double century and becomes fastest player to reach 12,000 runs in Test cricket

FA Cup third round – WBA 7 (Berahino 4) Gateshead 0

PDC semi-finals – Anderson bt Van Gerwen, Taylor bt Van Barneveld

Jan 4

Valencia end Real Madrid’s 22-match winning run

Torres rejoins Atletico Madrid from AC Milan

PDC final –Anderson bt Taylor 7-6

Jan 6

Four Hills Tournament – Stefan Kraft (Austria)

Jan 7

Steven Gerrard to join LA Galaxy at the end of the season

Steve Smith equals Bradman and Kallis’s record of four hundreds in a Test series

Selfie sticks banned from most Premier League grounds

Jan 8

Oldham decide against signing Ched Evans

Virat Kohli becomes the first player to make three Test centuries in his first three innings as captain

Steve Smith drops a catch after being distracted by a wire in the ‘spidercam’ TV camera system

Andy Townsend’s contract will not be renewed by ITV next season

Richard Meade dies

Jan 9

African Footballer of the Year – Yaya Toure

Jan 10

Hopman Cup final – Poland (Janowicz and Radwanska) bt USA (Isner and Serena Williams)

Murray and Watson represented GB in Hopman Cup

Tom Brady breaks Joe Montana's record for playoff touchdowns

Sam Burgess scores first try for Bath, against Wasps

BDO Women’s final – Lisa Ashton bt Fallon Sherrock

Cardiff City return to playing in blue shirts

Jan 11

Roger Federer secures the 1,000th victory of his career as he beats Milos Raonic to win the Brisbane International title. He becomes the third man, after Jimmy Connors and Ivan Lendl, to secure 1,000 ATP wins

BDO final – Scott Mitchell bt Martin Adams 7-6

Marco Fu makes 147 break against Stuart Bingham in Masters

BBL Cup final – Newcastle Eagles bt Glasgow Rocks

Great Leighs reopens as Chelmsford City racecourse

Jan 12

Palestine lose to Japan in their first Asian Cup match

Fifa awards –

Ballon d'Or: Cristiano Ronaldo 2nd Lionel Messi 3rd Manuel Neuer

Women's world player: Nadine Kessler (Germany)

Men’s football coach: Joachim Loew

Women’s football coach: Ralf Kellermann (Wolfsburg)

Puskas goal award: James Rodriguez (Colombia v Uruguay). 2nd Stephanie Roche

Tournament of Champions – Patrick Reed

Jan 13

Wolves president Jack Hayward dies

Jan 14

Bony moves from Swansea to Man City

Angel Di Maria is the only Premier League player in Uefa team of the year

Jan 15

Ronnie O'Sullivan scores his 776th career century to break Stephen Hendry's all-time record

Milwaukee Bucks bt New York Knicks at O2 Arena

Jan 16

Rory McIlroy records his first professional hole-in-one at the Abu Dhabi Championship

Tri-series match – England 234 (Morgan 121) Australia 235-7 (Warner 127)

European Challenge Cup – Cardiff Blues 104 Rovigo 12

Louis Martin dies

Jan 17

Hobert International – Heather Watson

Dakar Rally started in Buenos Aires, then ran through Argentina, Chile and Bolivia, before returning to Buenos Aires –

Cars – Nasser Al-Attiyah (Qatar), driving a Mini

Bikes – Marc Coma (Spain), riding a KTM. Fifth title

Jan 18

South Africa 439-2 (Amla 153 n.o., Roussow 128, de Villiers 149) in ODI against West Indies in Johannesburg

AB de Villiers records the fastest ever one-day international fifty (16 balls) and hundred (30 balls). His innings of 149 included 16 sixes

Abu Dhabi Golf Championship – Gary Stal. Martin Kaymer loses a 10-shot lead

dafabet Masters final – Murphy bt Robertson 10-2

Murphy becomes the tenth player to win the Triple Crown of World, UK and Masters titles

Javier Hernandez (Spain) wins third men’s title at European Figure Skating Championships

Jan 19

Lindsey Vonn becomes the most successful female World Cup alpine skier of all time after breaking Annemarie Moser-Proell's record with a 63rd career World Cup win

Jan 21

NFL is investigating claims the Patriots may have deflated the match balls to give themselves an advantage in AFC championship game against Colts

Jan 22

Women’s World Indoor Bowls final – Laura Thomas (Wales) bt Katherine Rednall

Jan 23

Australian Open third round – Seppi bt Federer

Tri-series match – England 303-8 (Bell 141) Australia 304-7 (Smith 102)

Bell overtakes Collingwood as England’s top ODI run scorer

Jan 24

FA Cup fourth round – Chelsea 2 Bradford 4

Man City 0 Middlesbrough 2

Championship – Watford 7 Blackpool 2

Hearts lose for first time in Scottish Championship, to Falkirk

Mark Pougatch to replace Adrian Chiles as ITV’s main football presenter

Golden State Warriors shooting guard Klay Thompson sets a National Basketball Association record for most points in a single quarter with 37

Jan 25

Men’s World Indoor Bowls final – Alex Marshall bt Andy Thomson. Marshall wins for the sixth time

Four English clubs qualify for quarter-finals of European Rugby Cup – Bath, Northampton, Saracens, and Wasps

Hurricane Fly wins fifth consecutive Irish Champion Hurdle

Jan 26

John Carver to remain as head coach of Newcastle Utd until end of the season

Jan 27

Quarter-final – Berdych bt Nadal

Capital One Cup semi-final – Chelsea bt Liverpool

Jan 28

Capital One Cup semi-final – Spurs bt Sheffield Utd

Big Bash final – Perth Scorchers bt Sydney Sixers. Brett Lee retires

Gabriel Paulista moves from Villareal to Chelsea

Jan 29

Semi-finals – Sharapova bt Makarova, Williams bt Keys

Semi-final – Murray bt Berdych

Afcon final tables –

Group A – Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Burkina Faso

Group B – Tunisia, DR Congo, Cape Verde Islands, Zambia

Group C – Ghana, Algeria, Senegal, South Africa

Group D – Ivory Coast, Guinea, Mali, Cameroon

Guinea qualify for quarter finals at the expense of Mali after the drawing of lots

Jan 30

Semi-final – Djokovic bt Wawrinka

Women’s doubles final – Mattek-Sands and Safarova bt Chan and Zheng

Jan 31

Women’s final – Serena Williams bt Sharpaova

Katie Swan loses in girls’ final

Men’s doubles final – Bolelli and Fognini bt Herbert and Mahut

Asian Cup final (Sydney) – Australia bt South Korea

Jonathan Walters hat-trick for Stoke against QPR

Feb 1

Men’s final – Djokovic bt Murray

Mixed doubles final – Paes and Hingis bt Nestor and Mladenovic

Men’s World Handball Championship final (Lusail, Qatar) – France bt Qatar

Bahrain and UAE withdrew from the tournament following political tensions between the neighbouring Gulf countries

Dubai Desert Classic – McIlroy

Dougie Freedman replaces Stuart Pearce as manager of Nottingham Forest

Super Bowl XLIX (University of Phoenix Stadium in Glendale, Arizona) – New England Patriots 28 Seattle Seahawks 24. MVP – Tom Brady. Coach – Bill Belichick

Brady sets new record for touchdown passes in Super Bowls (13), passing Joe Montana’s record

With less than a minute remaining, the Seahawks opted to pass from the one-yard line on second down, and Russell Wilson's pass was intercepted by Patriots cornerback Malcolm Butler

Half-time entertainment – Katy Perry

Super Bowl 50 is scheduled to be played in 2016 at Levi’s Stadium in Santa Clara

NFL MVP – Aaron Rodgers (Green Bay)

Feb 2

Juan Cuadrado moves from Fiorentina to Chelsea

Andre Schurrle moves Chelsea to Wolfsburg

Lydia Ko, aged 17, becomes the No 1 ranked woman professional golfer

Feb 3

World Skiing Championships start at Vail / Beaver Creek, Colorado. The two courses are known as Raptor and Birds of Prey

Women’s Super-G – Anna Fenninger

Harry Redknapp resigns as manager of QPR

Feb 4

Gerrard plays 700th match for Liverpool

Feb 5

Men’s Super-G – Hannes Reichelt (Austria)

Feb 6

Women’s Downhill – Tina Maze

West Ham United announce a new shirt sponsorship deal with the online bookmaker Betway

Feb 7

Men’s Downhill – Patrick Kueng (Switzerland)

Six Nations captains – Chris Robshaw, Sam Warburton, Paul O’Connell, Grieg Laidlaw, Thierry Dusautoir, Sergio Parisse

Six Nations coaches – Stuart Lancaster, Warren Gatland, Joe Schmidt, Vern Cotter, Philippe Saint-Andre, Jacques Brunel

Tony McCoy to retire by the end of the season

Feb 8

Men’s Super Combined – Marcel Hirsher

Billy Casper dies

Australia's Rohan Dennis sets a new track cycling hour world record of 52.49 km

Women’s Six Nations – Wales bt England

Africa Cup of Nations final (Bata) – Ivory Coast 0 Ghana 0. Ivory Coast win 9-8 on penalties. Winning penalty scored by goalkeeper Boubacar Barry. Captain – Yaya Toure

Ghana are managed by Avram Grant

German Open final – Selby bt Murphy

Hennessy Cognac Irish Gold Cup – Carlingford Lough. First win for McCoy

Feb 9

Women’s Super Combined – Tina Maze

Royal Kituro 356 Soignies 3 in Belgium’s rugby union top division

Feb 10

Skiing Nations team event – Austria

QPR gain first away points of the season, at Sunderland

Feb 12

Women’s Giant Slalom – Anna Fenninger

QPR caretaker boss Chris Ramsey is given the manager's job until the end of the season

Championship League Snooker final – Bingham bt Mark Davis

Feb 13

Men’s Giant Slalom – Ted Ligety

Amputee soldier Captain Guy Disney becomes the first jockey with an artificial leg to ride over fences in a race in Britain, at Sandown Park

Feb 14

Women’s Slalom – Mikaela Shiffrin

Slovenian ski jumper Peter Prevc breaks the ski flying world record by soaring 250 metres at a World Cup event

Katarina Johnson-Thompson sets a new British high jump record (1.97m)

Tim Sherwood replaces Paul Lambert as manager of Aston Villa

New Zealand bt Sri Lanka in opening game of Cricket World Cup

Australia 342-9 (Finch 135, Finn 5-71 including a hat-trick) England 231 (Taylor 98, Marsh 5-33)

FA Cup fifth round – Josh King hat-trick for Blackburn against Stoke

Feb 15

Men’s Slalom – Jean-Baptiste Grange (France)

Ski jumping world record is broken for the second time in two days after Norway's Anders Fannemel leapt 251.5m at Vikersund in Norway

Feb 16

Ireland bt West Indies

Feb 17

Scotland lose four batsmen out first ball against New Zealand

Feb 18

Darren Clarke to captain Europe Ryder Cup team in 2016

Feb 19

Lukaku hat-trick for Everton against BSC Young Boys

Feb 20

England 123 (Southee 7-33) New Zealand 125.2 (12.2 overs)

McCullum scored 77 off 25 balls including seven sixes, and reached his half-century off 18 balls, a World Cup record

Finn conceded 49 runs in two overs

World Club Series – St George-Illawara Dragons bt Warrington

Feb 21

Pakistan 1-4 at start of innings against West Indies

Farah breaks world indoor two-mile record in Birmingham

Welsh Open semi-final – Higgins bt Luca Brecel

World Club Series – Brisbane Broncos bt Wigan

Dan Topolski dies

Feb 22

Welsh Open final – Higgins bt Ben Woolaston

World Club Challenge – St Helens 0 South Sydney Rabbitohs 39

World Track Cycling Championships (Paris) – GB win three silver medals, but fail to win a gold medal for the first time since 2001

Feb 23

Gayle and Samuels 372 for second wicket for West Indies against Zimbabwe. Gayle 215, the first double century in World Cup history. Gayle also hit 16 sixes in recording the fastest ever ODI 200 (off 138 balls)

Moeen Ali 128 against Scotland

Feb 24

Davis Love III to captain USA Ryder Cup team in 2016

Feb 25

Greek government suspends professional football

Feb 26

Afghanistan win first-ever match in World Cup, against Scotland

Chelsea sign £40 million per year shirt deal with Japanese tyre company Yokohama Rubber

Bob Braithwaite dies

Feb 27

South Africa 408-5 against West Indies. De Villiers hits the fastest ever 150 in ODIs, in 64 balls

Parma’s Serie A match at Genoa is called off after players threatened to strike over unpaid wages. Last weekend’s home game against Udinese was also called off because club officials could not afford to pay for stewards

Feb 28

Hearts 10 Cowdenbeath 0

Referee Roger East makes an error at Old Trafford – sending off Sunderland’s Wes Brown instead of John O'Shea

Australia 151 (Boult 5-27) New Zealand 152-9 (Starc 6-28)

Mar 1

England 309-6 (Root 121) Sri Lanka 312-1 (Thirimanne 139, Sangakkara 117)

Root becomes youngest England player to score a century at the World Cup

Capital One Cup final – Chelsea 2 (Terry, Costa) Spurs 0

Honda Classic – Harrington. First victory in US or Europe for seven years

Robbie Henshaw scores only try in Ireland vs England match

Mar 3

Dave Mackay dies

Mar 4

Australia post a World Cup record total of 417-6 as they beat Afghanistan by 275 runs – the biggest winning margin in the tournament's history

Richard Hughes to retire at end of the season

Mar 5

Kyle Coetzer scores Scotland's first World Cup century, against Bangladesh

European Indoor Athletics Championship start in O2 Arena in Prague

Mar 6

Pentathlon – Katarina Johnson-Thompson

Davis Cup – Ward bt Isner 15-13 in final set

Snooker Shoot-Out – Michael White

Mar 7

Catalans Dragons 40 Salford Red Devils 40

Mar 8

60m – Richard Kilty

UK also won 4 silver medals and 3 bronze medals

Russia top the medal table, with 6 gold medals

Glenn Maxwell hits the second-fastest century in World Cup history (51 balls) for Australia against Sri Lanka

Davis Cup (Emirates Arena, Glasgow) GB 3 USA 2

Challenge Cup final – Cardiff Devils bt Sheffield Steelers

UK Open darts final – Van Gerwen bt Wright

All-England badminton finals (Barclaycard Arena, Birmingham). Mens’ – Chen Long (China). Women’s – Carolina Marin (Spain)

Mar 9

Bangladesh 275-7 (Mahmudullah 103) England 260

England are eliminated from the World Cup

Mar 10

Champion Hurdle – Faugheen (Ruby Walsh), 2nd Arctic Fire, 3rd Hurricane Fly. First three horses all trained by Willie Mullins

Mar 11

Queen Mother Champion Chase – Dodging Bullets

Sangakkara becomes the first batsman to hit four consecutive World Cup centuries

Majid Haq, Scotland’s most-capped player, is sent home from the cricket World Cup for posting a racist tweet

Stuart McCall appointed as Rangers manager until end of the season

Champions League last 16 – Bayern Munich 7 Shaktar Donetsk 0

Paris St Germain bt Chelsea

Cyprus Cup final – England bt Canada

Mar 12

World Hurdle – Cole Harden

Ryanair Chase – Uxizandre (Tony McCoy)

Mar 13

Gold Cup – Coneygree (Nico de Boinville) trained by Mark Bradstock , 2nd Djakadam, 3rd Road to Riches. First novice winner since 1974

Final race at Cheltenham Festival renamed to honour AP McCoy

Leading jockey – Ruby Walsh

Leading trainer – Willie Mullins, with a record 8 winners

England bt Afghanistan

Mar 14

Serena Williams plays at Indian Wells, ending a 14-year boycott

Mar 15

Pakistan bt Ireland (Porterfield 107) to knock Ireland out of World Cup

Final group tables –

Pool A – New Zealand, Australia, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, England, Afghanistan, Scotland

Pool B – India, South Africa, Pakistan, West Indies, Ireland, Zimbabwe, UAE

Formula 1 teams –

Mercedes – Hamilton, Rosberg

Red Bull – Ricciardo, Kvyat

Ferrari – Vettel, Raikkonen

McLaren – Alonso, Button

Williams – Massa, Bottas

Lotus – Grosjean, Maldonado

Force India – Perez, Hulkenberg

Sauber – Ericsson, Felipe Nasr (Brazil)

Toro Rosso – Carlos Sainz Jr (Spain), Max Verstappen (Netherlands)

Manor Marussia – Will Stevens (GB), Roberto Merhi (Spain)

Australian GP – Hamilton, Rosberg, Vettel. 5th Nasr, 9th Sainz

Scottish League Cup final – Celtic bt Dundee Utd

Indian Open – Michael White. First ranking event title

Mar 17

Dick Advocaat replaces Gus Poyet as manager of Sunderland

Monaco bt Arsenal

Mar 18

Quarter-final – JP Duminy hat-trick for South Africa against Sri Lanka

Barcelona bt Man City

Mar 19

Lindsey Vonn equals Ingemar Stenmark's record of 19 World Cup titles

Europa League last 16 – Dinamo Kiev bt Everton

No British teams reach quarter-finals of European competitions for first time since 1995

2022 World Cup final will be held on 18 December

2019 Fifa Women’s World Cup to be held in France

Tracey Neville is named England netball head coach on an interim basis

Mar 20

German GP cut from F1 schedule for 2015

Mar 21

Lucha libre wrestler Pedro Aguayo killed by blow in Mexico ring

Guptill makes highest score in World Cup history, 237 for New Zealand against West Indies

Kane hat-trick for Spurs against Leicester

Italy 20 Wales 61

Scotland 10 Ireland 40

England 55 France 35

Final table – Ireland, England, Wales, France, Italy, Scotland

Leading try scorer – Jonathan Joseph (4)

Leading points scorer – George Ford (75)

Player of the Tournament – Paul O’Connell

Mar 22

Women’s Six Nations – Ireland

Gerrard sent off after 38 seconds against Man Utd

LV= Cup final (Northampton) – Saracens bt Exeter

JP Trophy final – Bristol City bt Walsall

Mo Farah wins the Lisbon half marathon in a new European record time, becoming the first Briton to break 60 minutes

World Grand Prix snooker final (Llandudno) – Trump bt O’Sullivan

Alpine Ski World Cup –

Men’s overall – Hirscher

Men’s downhill – Jansrud

Women’s overall – Fenninger

Women’s downhill – Vonn

World Women's Curling Championship final (Japan) – Switzerland bt Canada

Men’s Ski Jumping World Cup – Severin Freund (Germany)

Women’s Ski Jumping World Cup – Daniela Iraschko-Stolz (Austria)

BBL Trophy final – Newcastle Eagles bt Leicester Riders

Mar 24

Semi-final – New Zealand bt South Africa

Elite League champions – Sheffield Steelers

Champion County Match (Abu Dhabi) – Yorkshire bt MCC

Mar 25

Liam, the son of Rod Stewart and Rachel Hunter, is named in Great Britain's ice hockey World Championship squad

Mar26

Semi-final – Australia bt India

Slovenian tennis player Aljaz Bedene is granted a UK passport

Mar 27

Harry Kane scores on international debut against Lithuania

Russia awarded a 3–0 win against Montenegro in Euro 2016 qualifying after the match was abandoned due to crowd violence

Mar 28

Saracens bt Harlequins in front of a record crowd of 84,068 for club rugby union at Wembley

Joe Perry wins the first ranking title of his career by beating Mark Williams in the final of the Players' Championship in Bangkok

Dubai World Cup – Prince Bishop (William Buick)

Dubai Gold Cup – Brown Panther, part-owned by Michael Owen

Lincoln Handicap – Gabrial

World Cross Country Championships (China). Men’s – Geoffrey Kamworor (Kenya). Women’s – Agnes Tirop (Kenya)

Mar 29

World Cup final (MCG) New Zealand 183 (Elliott 83) Australia 186-3 (Clarke 74)

Attendance – 93,013. Man-of-the-match – Faulkner

Fifth win for Australia

Mitchell Starc ends the tournament with the best ever World Cup bowling average

Steve Smith becomes the first man to score five successive World Cup half-centuries

Australian captain Michael Clarke retires from ODIs

Man of the tournament – Starc

Most runs – Guptill (547)

Most wickets – Starc and Boult (22)

Malaysian GP – Vettel, Hamilton, Rosberg. 7th Verstappen

Women’s Champions League – Frankfurt bt Bristol Academy 12-0 on aggregate

Paris St Germain bt Glasgow City 7-0 on aggregate

Scotland 6 (Fletcher 3) Gibraltar 1. First hat-trick for Scotland since Colin Stein scored four against Cyprus in 1969. First competitive goal for Gibraltar, scored by Casciaro

FA Trophy final – North Ferriby United bt Wrexham

World Figure Skating Championships (Shanghai) – Men’s – Javier Fernandez (Spain). Women’s – Elizaveta Tuktamysheva (Russia)

Hong Kong Sevens final – Fiji bt New Zealand

Brothers Aliex and Pol Espargaro racing in MotoGP

Mar 31

Italy 1 (Pelle) England 1 (Townsend). England had won previous seven matches

Apr 1

Aaron Cook takes up Moldovan citizenship

Apr 3

British & Irish Cup final – Worcester bt Doncaster

All-weather jockeys’ championship – Luke Morris

Apr 4

Charlie Adam scores from 60 yards out against Chelsea, spotting Thibaut Courtois off his line

Women’s Ice Hockey World Championship final (Malmo) – USA bt Canada

Apr 5

China Open final – Selby bt Gary Wilson

Real Madrid 9 (Ronaldo 5) Granada 1

Elite League play-off final – Coventry Blaze bt Sheffield Steelers

World Men's Curling Championship final (Canada) – Sweden bt Norway

Apr 6

Irish Grand National – Thunder and Roses (Katie Walsh)

Turkey's SuperLig matches are suspended for one week after the Fenerbahce team bus was shot at by a gunman

Football Conference to be renamed as National League from next season

Apr 7

Sim Bhullar becomes the first player of Indian descent to play in the NBA after making his debut for Sacramento Kings

Benteke hat-trick for Aston Villa against QPR

Gary Caldwell replaces Malky Mackay as manager of Wigan

Apr 8

Paul Downton leaves his post as managing director of the England and Wales Cricket Board

Masters Par 3 contest – Kevin Streelman. One Direction's Niall Horan caddies for Rory McIlroy, Jack Nicklaus hits his first Augusta hole-in-one at the age of 75 and Tiger Woods is disqualified after his daughter, Sam, tapped in a putt

Apr 9

Leah Williamson scores the penalty that sees England's women through to the U19s European Championships, after a five-day wait. Uefa ruled that the final few minutes of England's match with Norway should be replayed after the referee had awarded a free-kick for encroaching at Williamson's original penalty and wrongly denied her the chance to re-take it

Aintree Hurdle – Jezki (Tony McCoy)

Apr 10

Richie Benaud dies

Ken Doherty bt Reanne Evans in first qualifying round for World Snooker Championship held at the Ponds Forge International Sports Centre in Sheffield

Melling Chase – Don Cossack (Tony McCoy)

Wisden Cricketers of the Year – Nick Compton, Hashim Amla, Jacques Kallis, Marlon Samuels, Dale Steyn

Leading Cricketer in the World – Michael Clarke

Apr 11

Grand National – Many Clouds (Leighton Aspell), trained by Oliver Sherwood, 2nd Saint Are, 3rd Monbeg Dude. McCoy finishes fifth in final Grand National on Shutthefrontdoor

Aspell is first double winner since Brian Fletcher in 1974, and first winner of successive nationals on different horses since Bryan Marshall in 1954. Paul Moloney is placed for the seventh Grand National in succession

Warrington 80 Wakefield 0

Yannick Bolasie hat-trick for Crystal Palace against Sunderland

Oxford win first staging of the women’s Boat Race on the same day and same course as the men

Oxford win men’s Boat Race

Apr 12

Chinese GP – Hamilton, Rosberg, Vettel

The Masters – Jordan Speith -18, 2nd Rose, Mickelson -14, 4th McIlroy

Spieth, aged 21, won wire-to-wire. Last man to do this was Ray Floyd in 1976

Apr 13

Pietersen 170 in first innings for Surrey against Oxford University

Apr 14

Bradford City 0 Bristol City 6. Bristol City win promotion from League One

Apr 15

Laureus World Sport Awards (Shanghai) –

World Sportsman of the Year: Novak Djokovic

World Sportswoman of the Year: Genzebe Dibaba

World Team of the Year: German national football team

World Breakthrough of the Year: Daniel Ricciardo

World Comeback of the Year: Schalk Burger

World Sportsperson of the Year with a Disability: Tatyana McFadden (T54 paralympian)

World Action Sportsperson of the Year: Alan Eustace (holds the world record for the highest-altitude free fall jump)

Apr 16

2021 World Athletics Championships to be held in Eugene, Oregon

Sam Tomkins to rejoin Wigan from New Zealand Warriors

NBA Scoring Title – Russell Westbrook (Oklahoma City Thunder)

Apr 17

Ellie Downie wins GB’s first-ever all-around international medal, taking bronze at the European Gymnastics Championships in Montpellier

Men’s all-around. Bronze – Dan Purvis

First Test (Antigua) England 399 (Bell 143) and 333-7 (Balance 122) West Indies 295 (Blackwood 112) and 350-7 (Holder 103)

Anderson surpasses Botham as England’s highest Test wicket taker with his 384th dismissal (Ramdin caught by Cook) in his 100th match

Adam Peaty breaks 100m breaststroke world record

Apr 18

European Rugby Champions Cup semi-final – Clermont Auvergne bt Saracens

Pommel – Louis Smith

Floor – Kristian Thomas

Uneven bars. Silver – Becky Downie (sister of Ellie)

FA Cup semi-final – Arsenal bt Reading

Scottish Grand National – Wayward Prince

England Hockey League Championship Men’s Premier Division – Wimbledon

England Hockey League Championship Women’s Premier Division – Surbiton

Apr 19

Scottish Cup semi-final – Inverness CT bt Celtic

FA Cup semi-final – Aston Villa bt Liverpool

Bahrain GP – Hamilton, Raikkonen, Rosberg

European Rugby Champions Cup semi-final – Toulon bt Leinster

Horizonal bar. Silver – Sam Oldham

Beam. Silver – Becky Downie

Floor. Silver – Claudia Fragapane

Charlotte Dujardin retains world dressage title

Liam Livingston scores 350 off 138 balls for Nantwich against Caldy

Apr 21

Women’s world snooker championship semi-final – Ng On Yee bt Reanne Evans

Bayern Munich 6 Porto 1

Apr 22

Women’s world snooker championship final – Ng On Yee (Hong Kong) bt Emma Bonney (England)

Apr 23

Sky Bet Championship Player of the Year – Patrick Bamford (Middlesbrough)

League One award – Joe Garner (Preston)

League Two award – Danny Mayor (Bury)

Apr 24

World snooker championship second round – Anthony McGill bt Selby

Rotherham deducted three points for fielding an ineligible player

Apr 25

Netball Superleague Grand Final – Surrey Storm bt Hertfordshire Mavericks

Tony McCoy finishes third in his final race on Box Office at Sandown

Second Test (St Georges, Grenada) West Indies 299 (Samuels 103) and 307 (Brathwaite 116) England 464 (Root 182) and 144-1. England won by 9 wickets

Champion jockey – Tony McCoy (20th successive year)

Champion trainer – Paul Nicholls (9th time)

Champion conditional jockey – Sean Bowen

Apr 26

London Marathon. Mens’s – Eliud Kipchoge (Kenya). Women’s – Tigist Tufa (Ethiopia). Paula Radcliffe runs for the last time

Rally Argentina – Kris Meeke. First win for a British driver in the World Rally Championship since Colin McRae in 2002

PFA Player of the Year – Eden Hazard

PFA Young Player of the Year – Harry Kane

Rolex Kentucky – Michael Jung riding Fischerrocana FST

Apr 27

FA Youth Cup final – Chelsea bt Man City

Apr 28

World’s strongest man – Brian Shaw (USA)

Apr 29

Quarter-final – Bingham bt O’Sullivan

Nigel Pearson calls a journalist “an ostrich”

Calvin Peete dies

CONCACAF Champions League final – America (Mexico) bt Montreal Impact

Baltimore Orioles game against Chicago White Sox played behind closed doors due to rioting in Baltimore. First time this has ever happened in Major League Baseball

Apr 30

Belgian footballer Gregory Mertens dies of heart failure after collapsing during a match

Jameis Winston is first pick in NFL draft for Tampa Bay Buccaneers

May 1

European Challenge Cup final (The Stoop, Twickenham) – Gloucester bt Edinburgh

Geoff Duke dies

May 2

2000 Guineas – Gleneagles (Ryan Moore), trained by Aidan O’Brien

Alex Dowsett breaks world hour record at Manchester Velodrome

European Champions Cup final (Twickenham) – Toulon bt Clermont Auvergne

2016 European Champions Cup final will be held in Lyon

18 wickets fall on second day of Third Test in Barbados

Mayweather bt Pacquaio on points in welterweight fight at the MGM Grand Garden Arena in Las Vegas

Semi-finals – Murphy bt Hawkins, Bingham bt Trump

Kentucky Derby – American Pharoah

May 3

1000 Guineas – Legatissimo (Ryan Moore), trained by David Wachman

Chelsea bt Crystal Palace to win Premier League. Winning goal scored by Hazard

Danny Jones of Keighley Cougars dies after suffering a cardiac arrest during a match at London Skolars

PFA Scotland Premiership player of the year – Stefan Johansen (Celtic)

Third Test (Bridgetown) England 257 (Cook 105) and 123 West Indies 189 (Anderson 6-42) and 194-5. West Indies won by five wickets. Series tied 1-1

WGC-Cadillac Match Play Championship final (San Francisco) – McIlroy bt Gary Woodland

Bristol City 8 Walsall 2

Tour de Yorkshire finishes in Leeds. Won by Lars Petter Nordhaug (Norway)

May 4

Final – Bingham bt Murphy 18-15. Nickname – ‘Ball-run’. Referee – Olivier Marteel (Belgium)

Highest break – Bingham and Robertson (145)

The tournament set a new record for the most century breaks made at the Crucible, with 86

Andy Murray wins Munich Open, his first clay court title

May 5

James Harris 9-34 for Middlesex against Durham

Trott retires from international cricket

May 6

NBA Coach of the Year – Mike Budenholzer (Atlanta Hawks)

May 7

Memphis Depay to move from PSV Eindhoven to Man Utd

European Player of the Year – Nick Abendanon (Clermont Auvergne)

May 8

Mark Wood, David Willey, Zafar Ansari, Jason Roy, and James Vince make England debuts in ODI against Ireland. Team captained by James Taylor

Froch stripped of WBA super-middleweight title for not defending his title

May 9

Rosberg on pole for Spanish GP. Hamilton had pole in all four previous GPs this season

Andrew Strauss appointed as national director of cricket

Peter Moores sacked as England coach

May10

Man City 6 (Aguero 3) QPR 0. QPR are relegated

Spanish GP – Rosberg, Hamilton, Vettel

BBL play-off final – Newcastle Eagles bt London Lions

Badminton Horse Trials – William Fox-Pitt riding Chilli Morning

FA Vase – North Shields

Players Championship – Rickie Fowler

May 11

Pietersen 355 for Surrey against Leicestershire

Swindon 5 Sheffield Utd 5. Highest number of goals in a play-off match

May 12

Tom Brady suspended for four games by the National Football League after an inquiry into under-inflated balls (Deflategate)

Football Writers' Association player of the year – Hazard

Champions League semi-final – Barcelona bt Bayern Munich

May 13

Champions League semi-final – Juventus bt Real Madrid

Rugby Players' Association awards –

Player’s player of the year – Jonathan Joseph

England player of the year – Jonathan Joseph

Young player of the year – Henry Slade (Exeter)

Women’s player of the year – Rochelle Clarke

Leading points scorer – Andy Goode (Wasps) 240 points

Leading try scorer – Thomas Waldrom (Exeter) 16 tries

Ireland to host women’s rugby World Cup in 2017

USA stripped of 2012 Olympic relay medals due to ban on Tyson Gay

May 13

Scottish Professional Football League announces that Ladbrokes will be its main sponsor from next season. The new deal will result in the Scotland's leagues become known as the Ladbrokes Premiership, Ladbrokes Championship, Ladbrokes League 1 and Ladbrokes League 2

May14

Women’s Champions League final – Frankfurt bt Paris St Germain

May 16

Southampton 6 Aston Villa 1. Sadio Mane (Senegal) scores the fastest-ever hat-trick in Premier League history, 2 minutes 56 seconds

Bianca Walkden becomes only the second Briton to win gold at the World Taekwondo Championships, after Sarah Stevenson

Northampton finish top of Premiership. London Welsh relegated – 1 point, conceded 1021 points in 22 games

Glasgow finish top of Pro12

Preakness Stakes – American Pharoah

May 17

Conference play-off – Bristol Rovers bt Grimsby

Conference champions – Barnet

Sevens World Series (Twickenham) – USA

IRB Sevens World Series – Fiji

Hyundai A-League Grand Final – Melbourne Victory bt Sydney FC

Men’s Ice Hockey World Championship final (Prague) – Canada bt Russia. Canada's Sidney Crosby becomes the newest member of the Triple Gold Club, the group of players and coaches who have won gold medals at both the World Championship and Olympics, plus the Stanley Cup

May 18

England Cricketers of the Year – Joe Root and Charlotte Edwards

May 19

British Open squash – Men’s – Mohamed El Shorbagy (Egypt), Women’s – Camille Serme (France)

May 20

Premiership Rugby Player of the Year – George Ford (Bath)

Discovery of the Season – Henry Slade (Exeter)

Director of Rugby of the Season – Mike Ford (Bath)

May 21

England debuts for Adam Lyth and Mark Wood against New Zealand

Premier League Darts final – Anderson bt Van Gerwen

Alan Woodward dies

May 22

Barclays Manager of the Season – Jose Mourinho

Barclays Player of the Season – Hazard

Pakistan play a Twenty20 match against Zimbabwe at Lahore. This is the first time a Test playing nation has toured Pakistan for a cricket match since the 2009 attack on the Sri Lanka national cricket team

May 23

PGA third round – hole-in-one for Jiminez, his tenth on the European Tour. Albatross for Tommy Fleetwood

Premiership semi-finals – Saracens bt Northampton, Bath bt Leicester

League Two play-off – Southend bt Wycombe

Promoted – Burton, Shrewsbury, Bury, Southend

Relegated – Cheltenham, Tranmere

Leading scorer – Matt Tubbs (Portsmouth), 21 goals

IBF super middleweight – James DeGale bt Andre Dirrell to become first GB boxer to win Olympic gold and pro world title

Ronaldo scored 48 goals in La Liga, 61 in all competitions this season

May 24

Walcott hat-trick against WBA

Stoke 6 Liverpool 1. Gerrard scores in final match for Liverpool – played 710 matches

Newcastle bt West Ham to avoid relegation

Final table – Chelsea, Man City, Arsenal, Man Utd

Relegated – Hull, Burnley, QPR

Leading scorer – Sergio Aguero (26)

John Terry becomes only the second outfield player, after Gary Pallister, to have featured in every minute of a Premier League title-winning campaign

League One play-off final – Preston 4 (Beckford 3) Swindon 0

Jermaine Beckford is only the third player ever to score a hat-trick in a play-off final at Wembley after Scott Sinclair (Swansea, 2011) and Clive Mendonca (Charlton, 1998)

Promoted – Bristol City, MK Dons, Preston

Relegated – Notts County, Crawley, Leyton Orient, Yeovil

Leading scorer – Joe Garner (Preston), 25 goals

Scottish Premiership final table – 1st Celtic, 2nd Aberdeen

Leading scorer – Adam Rooney (Aberdeen), 17 goals

Relegated – St. Mirren

Scottish Championship – Hearts

Scottish League One – Greenock Morton

Scottish League Two – Albion Rovers

Highland League – Brora Rangers

Lowland League – Edinburgh City

Scottish League Two play-off final – Montrose bt Brora Rangers

Monaco GP – Rosberg, Vettel, Hamilton. 8th Button, scoring McLaren’s first points of the season

Virtual Safety Car (VSC) is officially used for the first time, following a crash by Max Verstappen at Monaco

IPL 8 final – Mumbai Indians bt Chennai Super Kings

Mumbai Indians captain – Rohit Sharma

Player of the series – Andre Russell

Leading run scorer – David Warner

Leading wicket taker – Dwayne Bravo

PGA Championship – Byeong-hun An (South Korea)

Chris Wood wins BMW i8 with a hole-in-one

Stokes scores fastest Test century at Lords (85 balls)

Sam Allerdyce leaves West Ham

Dina Asher-Smith sets new British 100m record

Indy 500 – Juan Pablo Montoya

May 25

First Test (Lords) England 389 and 478 (Cook 162, Stokes 101, Boult 5-85) New Zealand 523 (Williamson 132) and 220. England won by 124 runs

67 extras in New Zealand’s first inning

Championship play-off – Norwich bt Middlesbrough

Promoted – Bournemouth, Watford, Norwich

Relegated – Millwall, Wigan, Blackpool

Leading scorer – Daryl Murphy (Ipswich), 27 goals

Carlo Ancelotti sacked by Real Madrid

Steve McClaren sacked by Derby

May 26

Trevor Bayliss named as England head coach

BBC Women’s Footballer of the Year – Asisat Oshoala (Liverpool and Nigeria)

West Ham qualify for Europa League after topping Premier League Fair Play Table

League Managers' Association manager of the year – Eddie Howe

May 27

Championship play-off final – Worcester bt Bristol

Dylan Hartley given a four-week ban for headbutting and left out of England World Cup squad

Dick Advocaat leaves his role as Sunderland head coach

Seven Fifa officials are arrested on charges they received more than $150m in bribes

May 28

Europa League final (Warsaw) – Sevilla 3 Dnipro Dnipropetrovsk 2. Fourth win for Sevilla, who become the first team to retain the Europa League

2016 Europa League final will be held in Basel

May 29

Anderson claims 400th Test wicket, Guptill (caught by Bell)

Blatter reelected by Fifa after Prince Ali bin Hussein of Jordan withdraws after the first round of voting

Doris Hart dies. Won three Wimbledon titles in one day in 1951

May 30

Cook passes Gooch’s England Test record of 8,900 runs

Scottish Cup final – Inverness CT bt Falkirk. First major honour for Inverness CT

Pro12 final – Glasgow Warriors bt Munster

Premiership final – Saracens bt Bath

Principality Premiership – Pontypridd

Scottish Premiership – Heriot’s

Ulster Bank All-Ireland League – Lansdowne

FA Cup final – Arsenal 4 Aston Villa 0. Man-of-the-match – Cazorla. Arsenal’s 12th win in the FA Cup

FA Cup will be rebranded as The Emirates FA Cup after the Football Association signed a three-year contract with the Dubai-based airline

Magic Weekend held at St James’ Park for the first time

Kell Brook retains IBF welterweight title, beating Frankie Gavin

May 31

McCullum becomes second New Zealand player to score 6,000 Test runs, after Stephen Fleming

Gayle 151 for Somerset against Kent in T20 Blast

Premiership play-off – Motherwell bt Rangers

Giro d’Italia – Contador. Second man to win all three Tour events twice, after Bernard Hinault

European Champions Cup play-off – Bordeaux-Begles bt Gloucester

County Championship final (Bill Beaumont cup) – Cornwall bt Lancashire

Serie A – Juventus

La Liga – Barcelona

Bundesliga – Bayern Munich

Liga Sagres – Benfica

Ligue 1 (Le Championnat) – Paris St Germain

Eredivisie – PSV Eindhoven

Jun 1

Heather Rabbatts resigns from Fifa’s anti-discrimination taskforce following Sepp Blatter’s re-election as president

New Zealand's run-rate of 4.92 is the best for any team who have scored more than 800 runs in a Test

Eight players in the New Zealand innings hit a six, the first time that has happened in a Test

Jun 2

Second Test (Headingly) New Zealand 350 (Broad 5-109) and 454 (Watling 120) England 350 (Lyth 107) and 255. New Zealand won by 199 runs. Series drawn 1-1

Sepp Blatter to resign from the post of Fifa president amid the ongoing corruption scandal

Jun 3

Rafa Benitez appointed as manager of Real Madrid

Alberto Salazar accused of doping with testosterone at the Nike Oregon Project. Allegations involve Galen Rupp

Chuck Blazer admits to conspiring with other Fifa Executive Committee members to accept bribes in conjunction with the selection of 1998 and 2010 World Cup hosts

French Open quarter-final – Djokovic bt Nadal

Jun 4

Dick Advocaat performs a U-turn and accepts a one-year contract to remain as Sunderland head coach

Semi-finals – Safarova bt Ivanovic, Williams bt Timea Bacsinsky (Switzerland)

Mixed doubles final – Mike Bryan and Mattek-Sands bt Matkowski and Hradecka

Jun 5

Oaks – Qualify (Colm O’Donoghue), trained by Aidan O’Brien

Semi-finals – Wawrinka bt Tsonga, Djokovic bt Murray

Jun 6

Derby – Golden Horn (Frankie Dettori), trained by John Gosden. 2nd Jack Hobbs, 3rd Storm the Stars

Final – Williams bt Safarova. 20th Grand Slam title

Men’s doubles final – Dodig and Melo bt Bryan and Bryan

Champions League final (Berlin) – Barcelona 3 Juventus 1

2016 Champions League final will be held in Milan

Belmont Stakes – American Pharoah (Victor Espinoza). First American Triple Crown winner since Affirmed in 1978 and only the twelfth in history

Woods shoots worst pro round with 85 at Memorial Tournament

Jun 7

Canadian GP – Hamilton, Rosberg, Bottas

Jamie Vardy makes England debut against Republic of Ireland

Final – Wawrinka bt Djokovic

Women’s doubles final – Mattek-Sands and Safarova bt Dellacqua and Shvedova

Wiggins breaks hour record at Lee Valley Velopark, riding 54.5 km

Adam Gemili becomes first Briton to go under 10 seconds in 100m and 20 seconds in 200m

Women’s World Cup – Germany 10 Ivory Cost 0

Jun 8

Danny Ings moves from Burnley to Liverpool

Jun 9

First ODI (Edgbaston) England 408-9 (Root 104, Buttler 129) New Zealand 198

England’s highest-ever ODI score. Sam Billings makes England debut

Slaven Bilic appointed as manager of West Ham

Jun 10

Steve McClaren appointed as manager of Newcastle

Jun 11

Laura Muir wins 1500m at Bislett Games Diamond League meeting

Jun 12

Inaugural edition of the European Games start in Baku

Andrey Pavlov scores 17 on one hole at the Austria Open. Philippe Porquier heads the European list with 20 at the 1978 French Open

Second ODI (Oval) New Zealand 398-5 (Taylor 119) England 365-9

Matt Prior retires

Floyd Mayweather heads sporting rich list

Isle of Man Senior TT – John McGuinness

Jun 13

Top 14 final – Stade Francais bt Clermont Auvergne

Alberto Salazar coached Mary Slaney

Women’s World Cup – Switzerland 10 Ecuador 1

Queen’s Birthday Honours –

Knighthood – Gareth Edwards

CBE – Jonny Wilkinson

OBE – Jonathan Davies, Frank Lampard, James Anderson

MBE – Casey Stoney, Carl Froch

Jun 14

Nico Hulkenberg becomes the first active Formula 1 driver to win Le Mans for 24 years as he partners England's Nick Tandy and New Zealand's Earl Bamber to victory in a Porsche

Criterium de Dauphine – Chris Froome

Triathlon – Gordon Benson. First GB medal in Baku

Third ODI (Southampton) England 302 New Zealand 306-7 (Williamson 118, Taylor 110)

Wilshire scores his first goal for England, against Slovenia

KPMG Women's PGA Championship – Inbee Park. Formerly known as the LPGA Championship

PDC World Cup of Darts final (Frankfurt) England (Taylor and Lewis) bt Scotland (Anderson and Wright)

Surrey's T20 Blast game against Sussex at Arundel is abandoned after Rory Burns and Moises Henriques collide on the field

Speedway World Cup (Denmark) – Sweden

Jun 15

Mark Warburton appointed as manager of Rangers

Stanley Cup – Chicago Blackhawks bt Tampa Bay Lightning 4-2. Play-offs MVP – Duncan Keith

Regular season MVP – Carey Price (Montreal Canadiens)

Somerset's Jamie Overton joins twin brother Craig in the England squad

British Speedway Championship – Tai Woffinden. Third successive win

Jun 16

Taekwondo women’s -49kg – Charlie Maddock

St James’s Palace Stakes – Gleneagles

Aegon Championships first round – Dolgopolov bt Nadal

Ron Clarke dies

Jun 17

Taekwondo women’s -57kg – Jade Jones

Prince of Wales’s Stakes – Free Eagle

Jack Wilshere fined £40,000 over FA Cup chants

Fourth ODI (Trent Bridge) New Zealand 349-7 England 350-3 (Morgan 113, Root 106)

England’s record run chase in an ODI

NBA final – Golden State Warriors bt Cleveland Cavaliers 4-2. Finals MVP – Andre Iguodala

Regular season MVP – Stephen Curry (Golden State Warriors)

Sabine Lisicki sets a world record for aces in a women's singles match by firing 27 in her win over Belinda Bencic at the Aegon Classic

Jun 18

Norfolk Stakes – Waterloo Bridge

Gold Cup – Trip to Paris (Graham Lee), trained by Ed Dunlop

Graham Lee becomes first jockey to win the Grand National and Ascot Gold Cup

Women’s World Cup final group tables –

Group A – Canada, China, Netherlands, New Zealand

Group B – Germany, Norway, Thailand, Ivory Coast

Group C – Japan, Cameroon, Switzerland, Ecuador

Group D – USA, Australia, Sweden, Nigeria

Group E – Brazil, South Korea, Costa Rica, Spain

Group F – France, England, Colombia, Mexico

Jun 19

Ryan Moore surpasses the modern-day record of eight winners in a single meeting at Royal Ascot

Coronation Stakes – Ervedya

Ivo Karlovic fires 45 aces to break the record for most aces served in a three-set ATP Tour match

Jun 20

Women’s skeet – Amber Hill

Diamond Jubilee Stakes – Undrafted

Leading jockey at Ascot – Ryan Moore (9)

Leading trainer at Ascot – Aidan O’Brien (5)

Fifth ODI (Durham) New Zealand 283-9 England 192-7 (Bairstow 83). England won by 3 wickets (D/L method). England win series 3-2

Man of the series – Kane Williamson

A record 3,051 runs were scored in the five matches

U-20 World Cup final (Auckland) – Serbia bt Brazil

Jun 21

Austrian GP – Rosberg, Hamilton, Massa

Federer wins a record eighth Gerry Weber Open in Halle

Aegon Championships final – Murray bt Anderson. Fourth title for Murray

Aegon Classic final (Birmingham) – Kerber bt Pliskova

Athletics European Team Championships (Russia) – 1st Russia, 5th GB

US Open (Chambers Bay, Washington) – Jordan Speith. 2nd Dustin Johnson, Louis Oosthuizen

Speith becomes the first golfer since Gene Sarazen to win two majors before the age of 22

Jason Day suffers from vertigo at US Open

Shortlisted sports for 2020 Olympics: baseball/softball, bowling, karate, roller sports, sport climbing, squash, surfing and wushu

Lois Toulson, James Heatly, Matty Lee and Katherine Torrance all win gold medals in diving at European Games

Jun 23

T20 (Old Trafford) England 191-7 (Root 68) New Zealand 135

Abbie Wood, Holly Hibbott, Duncan Scott and Luke Grenback all win gold medals in swimming at European Games

Jun 24

Roberto Firmino movers from Hoffenheim to Liverpool

European Under-21 Championship final tables –

Group A – Denmark, Germany, Czech Republic, Serbia

Group B – Portugal, Sweden, Italy, England

England beat Sweden, but lost to Portugal and Italy

Karl-Anthony Towns is first pick in NBA draft for Minnesota Timberwolves. Towns was selected at the age of 16 to play on the Dominican Republic national basketball team

Jun 25

Women’s flyweight – Nicola Adams

Jun 26

Super heavyweight – Joe Joyce

All no balls will result in a free hit under changes to ODI and Twenty20 playing conditions

ICC scraps batting powerplays

Jun 27

Men’s team foil – GB

Irish Derby – Jack Hobbs

Eastbourne International final – Belinda Bencic (Switzerland) bt Radwanska

Aegon Open final (Nottingham) – Denis Istomin (Uzbekistan) bt Sam Querry

Jun 28

Final medal table – 1st Russia (79 gold medals), 2nd Azerbaijan (21), 3rd GB (18)

Formula E series finishes at Battersea Park. Title won by Nelson Piquet Jr

British Cycling National Championships. Men’s – Peter Kennaugh, Women’s – Lizzie Armitstead

British Jumping Derby (Hickstead) – Victoria Davies, riding Beachey Boy

Greyhound Derby – Rio Quattro

Jun 29

Australia and New Zealand to play in first day-night test in November

Petr Cech moves from Chelsea to Arsenal

Bairstow and Bresnan put on 366 for Yorkshire, a record seventh wicket County Championship partnership

Jun 30

Nigel Pearson sacked as manager of Leicester City

European Under-21 Championship final (Prague) – Sweden bt Portugal

Kauto Star put down following a fall

Jul 1

Sussex 601-6, Warwickshire 612-6

World Cup semi-final – Japan 2 England 1. Winning own goal scored by Laura Bassett

Nathaniel Clyne moves from Southampton to Liverpool

Jul 2

Wimbledon second round – Dustin Brown bt Nadal

Jul 3

Third round – Serena Williams bt Watson

McCullum 158 for Birmingham against Derbyshire in T20 Blast

Jul 4

Third round – Vasek Pospisil bt James Ward

Sam Groth fires second-fastest serve at Wimbledon, 147 mph. Fastest serve record is held by Taylor Dent, 148mph

Copa America final (Santiago) – Chile bt Argentina. First major trophy in Chile’s history

Jimmy Vicaut (France) equals the European 100m record

Tour de France starts in Utrecht. First stage won by Rohan Dennis

Pacific Games start in Papua New Guinea

Ryan Harris retires

Third place play-off (Edmonton) – England 1 (Fara Williams) Germany 0

British Speedway GP (Millennium Stadium) – Niels Kristian Iversen (Denmark)

Super Rugby final – Otago Highlanders bt Wellington Hurricanes

Jul 5

Australian Open final – Higgins bt Gould

British GP – Hamilton, Rosberg, Vettel

Hamilton sets record for leading in 18 consecutive races

British Athletics Championships held at Alexander Stadium in Birmingham

World Cup final (DC Place, Vancouver) – USA 5 (Carli Lloyd 3) Japan 2

Jul 6

World Boxing Organization strips Floyd Mayweather of the welterweight title he won in his fight with Manny Pacquiao for failing to pay a US$200,000 fee in time and failing to vacate a Light middleweight title he also held

Lincoln Red Imps become the first Gibraltar team to win a tie in a Uefa competition

Jul 7

FS Micronesia football team lost 30-0 to Tahiti, 38-0 to Fiji, and 46-0 to Vanuatu in Pacific Games

Jul 8

State of Origin – Queensland bt New South Wales

Jul 9

Semi-finals – Garbine Muguruza bt Radwanska, Williams bt Sharapova

Eritrean rider Daniel Teklehaimanot becomes the first African rider to lead in the mountains classification in Tour de France

Overall race leader Tony Martin suffers a broken collarbone and has to give up the Tour

AFC Bournemouth stadium renamed for sponsors Vitality

Jul 10

Semi-finals – Djokovic bt Gasquet, Federer bt Murray

Pan American Games open in Toronto

Jul 11

Women’s final – Williams bt Muguruza. ‘Serena Slam’. Sixth Wimbledon title and 21st Grand Slam title

Men’s doubles final – Rojer and Tecau bt Jamie Murray and Peers

Women’s doubles final – Hingis and Mirza bt Makarova and Vesnina

First Wimbledon title for Hingis in 17 years

First Test (Cardiff) England 430 (Root 134, Starc 5-114) and 289 Australia 308 and 242. England won by 169 runs

Scottish Open – Rickie Fowler

Jul 12

Men’s final – Djokovic bt Federer

Mixed doubles final – Paes and Hingis bt Peya and Babos

US Women’s Open – In Gee Chun (South Korea)

Jul 13

Bastian Schweinsteiger moves from Bayern Munich to Man Utd

Morgan Schneiderlin moves from Southampton to Man Utd

Claudio Ranieri appointed as manager of Leicester City

Jul 14

Raheem Sterling moves from Liverpool to Man City for £49 million

Robin van Persie moves from Man Utd to Fenerbache

Carl Froch retires

Chennai Super Kings and Rajasthan Royals are suspended from IPL for two years over a corruption scandal

Jul 15

Champions League Twenty20 discontinued

Jul 16

Brian Hall dies

Jul 17

Fabian Delph moves from Aston Villa to Man City

Ethiopia's Genzebe Dibaba sets a 1500m world record of three minutes 50 seconds at Monaco Diamond League meeting

Jul 18

Jules Bianchi dies

Open Championship hole-in-one – Daniel Brooks

Stage 14 of Tour de France won by Steve Cummings

Jul 19

Second Test (Lords) Australia 566-8 (Smith 215, Rogers 173) and 254-2 England 312 and 103. Australia won by 405 runs

Davis Cup (Queen’s Club) GB 3 France 1. Andy and Jamie Murray won doubles. Murray bt Simon in fourth match

Irish amateur Paul Dunne shares the lead after three rounds of The Open

ICC World Twenty20 Qualifier held in Scotland and Ireland. Final group tables –

Group A – Ireland, Hong Kong, Namibia, Papua New Guinea, USA, Jersey, Nepal

Group B – Scotland, Netherlands, Afghanistan, Oman, Kenya, UAE, Canada

Jul 20

The Open (Old Course, St Andrews) – Zach Johnson. 2nd Louis Oosthuizen, Marc Leishman. Silver medal – Jordan Niebrugge

First time The Open has finished on a Monday since 1988 (won by Ballesteros)

2016 Open Championship will be held at Royal Troon

Jul 21

Las Vegas and Quebec City apply to join NHL

Jul 22

Americas Cup starts in Portsmouth

Benteke moves from Aston Villa to Liverpool for £32 million

Jul 23

Lancs 698-5 against Glamorgan. Alviro Petersen and Ashwell Prince put on 501 for the third wicket

Jul 24

Diamond League meeting at Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park –

200m – Zharnel Hughes

3000m – Mo Farah

Women’s 1500m – Laura Weightman

WWE terminates Hulk Hogan’s contract

World Aquatics Championships start in Kazan

Jul 25

2018 World Cup draw –

Group D includes Wales and Republic of Ireland

Group F – England, Slovakia, Scotland, Slovenia, Lithuania, Malta

Dina Asher-Smith becomes the first British female to run 100m in under 11 seconds

King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes – Postponed

BMX World Championships – Niek Kimmann (Netherlands)

Jul 26

Le Course – Anna van der Breggan

Tour de France – Froome (Team Sky). 2nd Quintana

Points – Peter Sagan

King of the Mountains – Froome

Young Rider – Quintana

Team – Movistar Team

Hungarian GP – Vettel, Kvyat, Riccardo. First podium finish for Kvyat

European Masters – Danny Willett

Senior Open Championship – Marco Dawson (USA)

CONCACAF Gold Cup final – Mexico bt Jamaica. Seventh Gold Cup win for Mexico

Caribbean Premier League final table – Barbados Tridents, Guyana Amazon Warriors, Trinidad and Tobago Red Steel. Jamaica Tallawahs, St Lucia Zouks, St Kitts and Nevis Patriots

Saint Kitts and Nevis franchise replaced the Antigua Hawksbills franchise

Caribbean Premier League final – Trinidad and Tobago Red Steel bt Barbados Tridents

Scotland and Netherlands share the ICC World Twenty20 Qualifier trophy after the Dublin final is abandoned without a ball being bowled

Qualifiers for 2016 World Twenty20 to be held in India – Scotland, Netherlands, Ireland, Hong Kong, Afghanistan, Oman

World Matchplay final (Blackpool) – Van Gerwen bt Wade

Jul 27

Sergio Romero moves from Sampdoria to Man Utd

Didier Drogba signs for Montreal Impact

Jul 28

Jen Welter becomes the first female coach in the NFL after being appointed by the Arizona Cardinals as a linebacker coach

Clive Rice dies

3m synchronized springboard. Bronze – GB (Jack Laugher and Chris Mears)

Jul 29

Diving team event – GB (Tom Daley and Rebecca Gallantree)

Sussex Stakes – Solow

Peter O’Sullevan dies

Jul 30

Dale Steyn becomes the fastest player to take 400 Test wickets, in terms of balls bowled

Mitchell Johnson – 300 Test wickets

Goodwood Cup – Big Orange

Jul 31

Beijing chosen to host the 2022 Winter Olympics and Paralympics, beating the bid of Kazakhstan's Almaty

Third Test (Edgbaston) Australia 136 (Anderson 6-47) and 265 (Finn 6-79) England 281 and 124-2. England won by 8 wickets

3m springboard. Bronze – Jack Laugher

Aug 1

Women’s FA Cup final – Chelsea bt Notts County. First final to be played at Wembley

Queen Elizabeth II Cup (Hickstead) – Chloe Winchester

Aug 2

Glamorgan's One-Day Cup match against Hampshire is abandoned following consultation about a "dangerous pitch" at the Swalec Stadium

Community Shield – Arsenal 1 (Oxlade-Chamberlain) Chelsea 0

Women’s British Open (Trump Turnberry) – Inbee Park. Career grand slam

400m freestyle. Silver – James Guy

10m platform. Bronze – Daley

Joe Leach takes a hat-trick with the first three balls of the match for Worcs against Northants

King George V Gold Cup (Hickstead) – Beezie Madden

Aug 3

100m breaststroke – Peaty. Bronze – Ross Murdoch

200m medley. Bronze – Siobhan-Marie O'Connor

Aug 5

High diving – Gary Hunt

50m breaststroke – Peaty

Mixed 4x100m medley relay – GB (Chris Walker-Hebborn, Adam Peaty, Siobhan-Marie O'Connor and Fran Halsall)

Copa Libertadores – River Plate (Argentina)

Aug 6

Australia bowled out for 60 in 18.3 overs. Shortest innings in Test history. Top scorers – Extras 14, Johnson 13. Extras the leading scorer for the first time in an Ashes contest

Broad takes 5 wickets with his first 19 deliveries, equaling the record of Ernie Toshack

Chris Rogers goes for the first duck of his Test career

Broad – 300 Test wickets

Angel Di Maria moves from Man Utd to Paris St-Germain

Aug 7

Men’s 4x200m freestyle relay – GB (Daniel Wallace, Robert Renwick, Calum Jarvis, James Guy)

Stokes bowls the millionth ball in Test cricket in England

Super League ‘Super 8s’ starts

Aug 8

Fourth Test (Trent Bridge) Australia 60 (Broad 8-15) and 253 (Stokes 6-36) England 391-9 (Root 130, Starc 6-111). England won by an innings and 78 runs

England lead series 3-1 and regain Ashes. Last wicket – Lyon bowled by Wood

Women’s 800m freestyle – Katie Ledecky, in a world record time. Bronze – Jaz Carlin

Australia bt New Zealand to win Rugby Championship

First goal in Premier League – Kyle Walker (o.g.) for Man Utd against Spurs

Premier League shirt sponsors. Aston Villa – Intuit QuickBooks , Bournemouth – Mansion Group, Chelsea – Yokohama, Crystal Palace – Mansion Group, Norwich City – Aviva, Sunderland – Dafabet, Watford – 138.com, WBA – Ticbet

Female jockeys win Shergar Cup at Ascot

Neville Neville dies. Father of Gary, Phil, and Tracey

Aug 9

WGC-Bridgestone Invitational – Shane Lowry

China topped the medal table in Kazan. GB finished 5th

Katie Ledecky won 200m, 400m, 800m and 1500m freestyle races

Mourinho argues with Dr. Eva Carneiro and physio Jon Fearn for attending Eden Hazard during match against Stoke

Aug 11

Uefa Super Cup (Tbilisi) Barcelona 5 Sevilla 4

Aug 12

David Willey hits 34 off an over from Michael Yardy for Northants against Sussex in T20 Blast

Aug 13

Costa Rica head coach Paulo Wanchope resigns after being involved in a brawl during a match against Panama

Aug 14

Women’s Ashes Test (Canterbury) Australia bt England

Hiroshi Iwata ties for the lowest round in major championship history with a 63 at the PGA Championship

Aug 15

European Boxing Championships (Bulgaria) – Joe Cordina wins GB’s only gold medal

European Dressage Championships (Aachen) – Dujardin wins two gold medals riding Valegro

Richie McCaw wins record 142nd cap

Arlington Million – The Pizza Man

Aug 16

Netball World Cup final (Sydney) – Australia bt New Zealand

Bronze medal match – England bt Jamaica

US PGA (Whistling Straits) – Day, 2nd Speith, 3rd Grace, 4th Rose

Day's 20-under-par is the lowest score in relation to par at a major championship, beating Tiger Woods' previous record of 19-under at the 2000 Open Championship

World Badminton Championships (Jakarta) – Chen Long and Carolina Marin retain their titles

Aug 17

London 2012 Olympic 1500m champion Asli Cakir Alptekin stripped of her gold medal for doping and banned for eight years

Spanish Super Cup – Athletic Bilbao bt Barcelona

Aug 18

Rugby League player Keegan Hirst comes out as gay

Leicestershire deducted 16 points in County Championship for dissent

Aug 19

Sebastian Coe elected IAAF president, beating Sergey Bubka. Replaces Lamine Diack from Senegal

Yorkshire sign David Willey from Northants

Aug 20

Chelsea sign Spain forward Pedro from Barcelona for £21m

Cook beats Strauss’s England record of 121 catches in Test cricket

Aug 22

World Athletics Championship start in Beijing National Stadium

Mascot – Yan’er, an abstract red swallow

10000m – Farah

Marathon – Ghirmay Ghebreslassie (Eritrea)

Arthur Morris, a key member of Don Bradman's 1948 'Invincibles' side dies

Bournemouth earn their first ever top-flight win as Callum Wilson scores a hat-trick in 4-3 win against West Ham

Stumps and bails at Kia Oval are blue in support of Cricket United Day

UCI Mountain Bike World Cup (Downhill) – Rachel Atherton

Aug 23

Heptathlon – Ennis-Hill. Johnson-Thompson has three fouls in long jump

100m – Bolt. Silver – Gatlin

Belgian GP – Hamilton, Rosberg, Grosjean

Vincenzo Nibali is thrown off the Vuelta a Espana as TV images show him being towed back into the pack after a crash

Fifth Test (Kia Oval) Australia 481 (Smith 143) England 149 and 286. Australia won by an innings and 46 runs

England win series 3-2. Clarke and Rogers retire. Compton-Miller medal – Root

Guy Ligier dies

Aug 24

Women’s 100m – Fraser-Pryce. Silver – Schippers

3000m steeplechase – Kemboi. Fourth win

Nick Kyrgios given a suspended 28-day ban and $25,000 fine by the Association of Tennis Professionals for making lewd remarks about Stan Wawrinka's girlfriend

Aug 25

Long jump – Rutherford, who joins Thompson, Christie, Gunnell and Edwards in holding all four major titles at the same time

Champions League play-off round – Malmo bt Celtic

British driver Justin Wilson dies after being struck by flying debris and suffering a serious head injury in Sunday's Pocono IndyCar 500 race

Aug 26

Javelin – Julius Yego (Kenya), who learnt how to throw the javelin by watching videos on YouTube

Cambell-Brown runs into Adeoye’s lane in 200m but is not disqualified

Rooney hat-trick against Club Brugge

Aug 27

200m – Bolt. Silver – Gatlin. 5th Zharnel Hughes (GB)

Bolt is knocked over after the race by a cameraman on a segway

Hammer. 4th – Sophie Hitchon

Uefa Best Player in Europe Award – Messi

Aug 28

Long jump. Silver – Shara Proctor

200m – Schippers. 5th Dina Asher-Smith

Premiership Rugby Sevens Series – Newport Gwent Dragons. Sponsored by Singha

Aug 29

5000m – Farah

Decathlon – Ashton Eaton, with a world record 9045 points

West Ham win a league match at Liverpool for first time since 1963

Challenge Cup final – Leeds 50 Hull KR 0

Lance Todd Trophy – Tom Briscoe, who scored five tries

T20 Blast (Edgbaston). Semi-finals – Northants bt Birmingham, Lancs bt Hampshire

Final – Lancs bt Northants

EuroHockey Championships (Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park) –

Men’s final – Netherlands 6 Germany1

Men’s bronze medal match – Ireland bt GB

Aug 30

Women’s 4x400m relay. Bronze – GB (Christine Ohuruogu, Annika Onuora, Eilidh Child, Seren Bundy-Davies)

Men’s 4x400m relay. Bronze – GB (Rabah Yousif, Delano Williams, Jarryd Dunn, Martyn Rooney)

Final medal table – Kenya (7-6-3) 16, Jamaica (7-2-3) 12, USA (6-6-6) 18, GB (4-1-2) 7

IndyCar series – Scott Dixon wins final race, worth double points, to beat Juan Pablo Montoya. Most Popular Driver posthumously awarded to Justin Wilson

World Rowing Championships start in France

Women’s hockey final – GB 2 Netherlands 2. GB win penalty shoot-out. Maddie Hinch saves three penalties

Paul Hunter Classic – Ali Carter

The Barclays – Jason Day. Brian Harman makes two holes-in-one in final round

Aug 31

Australia win Women’s Ashes by 10 points to 6

Reece Topley makes T20 debut for England against Australia in Cardiff

Eoin Morgan becomes England’s highest T20 run scorer

Victoria Pendleton finishes second riding Royal Etiquette on her competitive debut as a jockey in the Betfair Novice Flat Amateur Riders' Handicap at Ripon

Sep 1

Transfer deadline day –

De Gea transfer from Man Utd to Real Madrid falls through

Man Utd sign Anthony Martial from Monaco for £36 million. Most expensive teenager

Kevin De Brunye moves from Wolfsburg to Man City for £54 million

Sep 2

Durban to host 2022 Commonwealth Games

Wales rise to ninth in the Fifa world rankings, putting them one place ahead of England

Sep 3

US Open second round – Konta bt Muguruza

PGA Grand Slam of Golf is cancelled

Sep 4

Gareth Batty hat-trick for Surrey against Derbyshire

Sep 5

Rooney equals Charlton’s goal scoring record for England, against San Marino

Stokes dismissed for Obstructing the Field in second ODI at Lords

Third round – Fognini bt Nadal

Sep 6

Shane Watson retires from Test cricket

Burghley Horse Trials – Michael Jung riding La Biosthetique Sam

Italian GP – Hamilton, Vettel, Massa

All-Ireland Hurling Final – Kilkenny bt Galway

Sep 7

Fourth round – Anderson bt Murray, Kvitova bt Konta

Minor Counties final – Cumberland bt Oxfordshire

Sep 8

Millennium Stadium will be renamed the Principality Stadium in a 10-year sponsorship deal with the Cardiff-based building society

Kevin Pietersen signs to play for the Dolphins in the South African Ram Slam T20

Former referee Michaela Tabb reaches an agreement with World Snooker after sex discrimination claims she made against the game's governing body

Taylor101 in third ODI against Australia

Wayne Rooney breaks Bobby Charlton's all-time England goalscoring record with his 50th goal, in the Euro 2016 qualifier against Switzerland

San Marino score first away goal since 2001, against Lithuania

Sep 9

Sahu Kabba (Welling) becomes the first player to be charged by the FA under a new rule against feigning injury

Sep 10

Men’s doubles semi-final – Herbert and Mahut bt Dom Inglot and Lindstedt

Boris Becker says that Federer’s chip-and-charge return, known as SABR (Sneak Attack By Roger), is disrespectful

Sep 11

Semi finals – Pennetta bt Halep, Vinci bt Williams

Djokovic bt Cilic, Federer bt Wawrinka

Diamond League final in Brussels. Overall winners –

Men’s 100m – Justin Gatlin

Men’s 200m – Alonso Edward

Men’s 400m – Kirani James

Long Jump – Greg Rutherford

Women’s 100m – Shelly-Anne Fraser-Pryce

Women’s 200m – Allyson Felix

Women’s 400m – Francena McCorory (USA)

Mixed doubles final – Paes and Hingis bt Querry and Mattek-Sands

Mayweather defeats Andre Berto, and retires with a record of 49-0

World Rally Championship – Ogier

Sep 12

St Leger – Simple Verse (Andrea Atzeni), trained by Ralph Beckett. Bondi Beach passed the post second, but was awarded the race, then put back to runner-up following a hearing 11 days later. Simple Verse is the first horse to win a British Classic, be disqualified from victory, and then reinstated on appeal. Many bookmakers paid out on both horses

Naismith hat-trick for Everton against Chelsea

Final – Pennetta bt Vinci. Oldest first-time grand slam champion in the Open Era, aged 33. Second Italian woman to win a major, after Francesca Schiavone

Men’s doubles final – Herbert and Mahut bt Jamie Murray and Peers

World Triathlon Series (Women) – Gwen Jorgensen

Sep 13

Men’s final – Djokovic bt Federer

Women’s doubles final – Hingis and Mirza bt Shvedova and Dellacqua

Women’s wheelchair – Jordanne Whiley

Australia win ODI series 3-2. Man of the series – Mitchell Marsh

Ron Springett dies

Great North Run. Men’s – Farah. Women’s – Mary Keitany. 2nd Gemma Steel

Walker Cup (Royal Lytham & St Anne’s) – GB & Ireland 16 ½ USA 9 ½

Evian Championship – Lydia Ko. Aged 18, youngest winner of a major

Vuelta a Espana – Fabio Aru (Italy), riding for Astana

Tour of Britain – Edvald Boasson Hagen (Norway)

Scott Brash wins showjumping's biggest individual prize of €1 million by becoming the first rider to win the Rolex grand slam, riding Hello Sanctos. Grand Prix wins in Geneva, Aachen and Calgary

World Triathlon Series (Men) – Javier Gomez

Sep 14

Brian Close dies

Dallas Cowboys are the most valuable sports franchise in the world at a worth of $4 billion, according to Forbes magazine

Sep 15

Five teams from Spain in Champions League as Europa League winners (Sevilla) are included for the first time

Sep 16

International Olympic Committee announces the bidding cities for the 2024 Summer Olympics: Budapest, Hamburg, Los Angeles, Paris, and Rome

Sep 17

Alexander Rossi replaces Mehri at Marussia for rest of Formula 1 season

Sep 18

Of the 20 countries competing in the Rugby World Cup in 2011, there is only one change – Uruguay replacing Russia. This is the first World Cup since 1987 with no new teams

England bt Fiji in opening match of World Cup

Sep 19

Alison Lee picks up her ball after she thought a putt had been conceded by Suzann Pettersen in Solheim Cup

Royal London One-Day Cup final – Glos bt Surrey. Hat-trick for Dernbach

Japan 34 South Africa 32. Match played at Brighton. Winning try scored by Karne Hesketh. Ayumu Goromaru scored 24 points

Sep 20

Lizzie Armitstead wins silver and Alex Dowsett wins bronze in the trade team time trials at the Road Cycling World Championships in Virginia

Jason Day replaces Rory McIlroy as world number one after winning the BMW Championship

Shanghai Masters final – Kyren Wilson bt Trump

Singapore GP – Vettel, Ricciardo, Raikkonen

Vettel ends run of 23 pole positions for Mercedes. This was the only race in the season that Mercedes were not on pole position

Solheim Cup (Germany) USA 14 ½ Europe 13 ½

Davis Cup (Glasgow) GB 3 Australia 2. Andy Murray and Jamie Murray won doubles. Andy Murray beat Sam Groth in fourth match

All-Ireland Gaelic Football Final – Dublin bt Kerry

Sep 22

Lewandowski scores five goals in nine minutes for Bayern Munich against Wolfsburg

Eva Carneiro leaves Chelsea

Women’s time trial – Linda Villumsen (New Zealand)

Sep 23

Tyson Fury dresses as batman at a news conference with Wladimir Klitschko

Yogi Berra dies

Men’s time trial – Vasil Kiryienka (Belarus)

Sep 25

LV= County Championship – Yorkshire. Runners up – Middlesex

Relegated – Sussex and Worcestershire

Promoted – Surrey and Lancashire

Most runs – Ashwell Prince (Lancashire)

Most wickets – Chris Rushworth (Durham)

League Leader’s Shield – Leeds Rhinos

Sep 26

Cambridgeshire Handicap – Third Time Lucky

Leicester 2 Arsenal 5 (Sanchez 3). Leicester are the last team in the Premier League to lose their unbeaten record

George, Tusi and Ken Pisi become the first three brothers to play together at the Rugby World Cup, for Samoa

England 25 Wales 28. Winning try scored by Gareth Davies. Dan Biggar scored 23 points

Women’s road race – Lizzie Armitstead

Sep 27

BMX Supercross World Cup – Liam Phillips

Men’s road race – Peter Sagan

Japanese GP – Hamilton, Rosberg, Vettel

Ireland defeat Romania in front of a tournament record attendance of 89,267 at Wembley

FedEx Cup – Jordan Speith, winning $10 million

Berlin Marathon. Men – Eliud Kipchoge (Kenya). Women – Gladys Cherono (Kenya)

Frank Tyson dies

Sep 28

Skateboarding, surfing, baseball / softball, sport climbing, and karate recommended for inclusion in 2020 Olympics

Sep 29

PCA Player of the Year – Chris Rushworth (Durham)

Young Player of the Year – Tom Curran (Surrey)

Women’s Player of the Year – Anya Shrubsole

Sep 30

Wuhan Open third round – Konta bt Halep

Lamar Hunt U.S. Open Cup final – Sporting Kansas City bt Philadelphia Union

Speedway Elite League Grand Final – Poole Pirates bt Belle Vue Aces

Oct 2

Rugby League Writers’ Association Player of the Year – Adam Cuthbertson (Leeds)

PGA Tour Player of the Year – Speith

Oct 3

Newcastle 1 Man City 6 (Aguero 5)

England 13 Australia 33. Bernard Foley scored 23 points

England become the first host nation to be eliminated at World Cup in group stages

Wakefield bt Bradford in ‘Million Pound Game’ to remain in Super League

Speedway Grand Prix (World Championship) – Tai Woffinden

AFL Grand Final – Hawthorn bt West Coast Eagles

Oct 4

Dick Advocaat resigns as manager of Sunderland

Brendon Rodgers sacked as manager of Liverpool

Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe – Golden Horn (Frankie Dettori)

Women’s Super League 1 – Chelsea

Relegated – Bristol Academy

Promoted – Reading, Doncaster Rovers Belles (WSL 1 will increase to nine teams for the 2016 season)

NRL Grand Final – North Queensland Cowboys bt Brisbane Broncos

Rugby League Championship – Leigh Centurions

Oct 6

First red card in World Cup – Agustin Ormaechea (Uruguay), against Fiji

Oct 7

Bryan Habana equals Jonah Lomu’s record of 15 tries in World Cup

Steve Prescott Man of Steel – Zak Hardaker (Leeds)

Oct 8

Fifa provisionally suspends president Sepp Blatter, secretary general Jerome Valcke and Uefa chief Michel Platini for 90 days

Ivo Karlovic becomes the all-time leader in aces as he passes compatriot Goran Ivanisevic's record of 10,237

Jurgen Klopp appointed as manager of Liverpool

Northern Ireland beat Greece to qualify for Euro 2016

Oct 9

Sam Allerdyce appointed as manager of Sunderland

League of Ireland – Dundalk

Oct10

Scotland qualify for quarter-finals with 36-33 win over Samoa. Greig Laidlaw scores 26 points

Super League Grand Final – Leeds bt Wigan. Harry Sunderland Trophy – Danny McGuire

Kevin Sinfield is switching codes to join union side Yorkshire Carnegie

Jamie Peacock retires

Wales qualify for Euro 2016, their first major finals since 1958

Women’s Ironman World Championships (Hawaii). 2nd Rachel Joyce

Cesarewitch – Grumeti

Oct 11

Final tables –

Pool A – Australia, Wales, England, Fiji, Uruguay

Pool B – South Africa, Scotland, Japan, Samoa, USA

Pool C – New Zealand, Argentina, Georgia, Tonga, Namibia

Pool D – Ireland, France, Italy, Romania, Canada

Seven teams are coached by New Zealanders

Russian GP – Hamilton, Vettel, Perez

Mercedes win constructor’s championship

British Masters – Matthew Fitzpatrick

World Grand Prix final (Dublin) – Robert Thornton (Scotland) bt Van Gerwen

Serbian-born Austrian darts player Mensur Suljovic reached the semi-finals

British Touring Car Championship – Gordon Sheddon

Winmau World Masters – Glen Durrant

Oct 12

England beat Lithuania in final qualifying match for Euro 2016. England won all 10 matches

Oct 13

Paul O’Connell retires after suffering hamstring injury against France

Younus Khan passes Javed Miandad's mark of 8,832 runs to become Pakistan's leading Test run scorer

Oct 14

Adil Rashid records the worst figures by a debutant in Test history, 0-163 against Pakistan

WNBA finals – Minnesota Lynx bt Indiana Fever

Oct 16

Cook breaks Len Hutton's record for the longest English test innings ever, batting for 836 minutes

Oct 17

First Test (Abu Dhabi) Pakistan 523-8 (Malik 245, Shafiq 107) and 173 (Rashid 5-64) England 598-9 (Cook 263) and 74-4

Howard Kendall dies

Sterling hat-trick for Man City against Bournemouth

Champion Stakes – Fascinating Rock

QEII Stakes – Solow

Women’s World Duathlon Championships (Australia) – Emma Pallant

Quarter finals – South Africa bt Wales, New Zealand bt France

Oct 18

Glasgow City win their ninth consecutive Scottish Women's Premier League title

Laura Trott and Katie Archibald each win three gold medals at European Track Cycling Championships in Switzerland

Weber Cup (Barnsley Metrodome) – Europe bt USA

Quarter finals – Argentina bt Ireland

Australia 35 Scotland 34. Bernard Foley kicks the winning penalty which was incorrectly awarded by referee Craig Joubert

Newcastle 6 (Wijnaldum 4) Norwich 2

British Superbike Championship – Josh Brookes (Australia)

Oct 20

Royal Portrush Golf Club will host the 2019 Open Championship

Oct 21

IPC Athletics World Championships start in Doha

Oct 23

Jolyon Palmer to drive for Lotus next season

Oct 24

Semi-final – New Zealand bt South Africa

Afghanistan win ODI series against Zimbabwe

Ayew brothers both score in match between Aston Villa (Jordan) and Swansea (Andre)

Oct 25

Rossi disqualified from Malaysian GP for kicking Marquez off his bike

Semi-final – Australia bt Argentina. Hat-trick for Adam Ashley-Cooper

US Grand Prix – Hamilton, Rosberg, Vettel

Hamilton wins third world championship and becomes the first Briton to win back-to-back championships

Kane hat-trick for Spurs against Bournemouth

Tim Sherwood sacked by Aston Villa

Oct26

Second Test (Dubai) Pakistan 378 (Misbah 102) and 354-6 (Younus 118) England 242 and 312. Pakistan won by 178 runs

World Billiards Championship – Dave Causier

Oct 27

World Gymnastics Championships (SSE Hydro, Glasgow) –

Women’s team – USA. Bronze – GB

Capitol One Cup – Sheffield Wednesday bt Arsenal

Oct 28

Men’s team – Japan. Silver – GB

Capitol One Cup – Middlesbrough bt Man Utd

Oct 29

Women’s all-around – Simone Biles. Third successive win

Fred Evans given a two-year suspended jail sentence for hitting a friend

Oct 30

Men’s all-around – Uchimara. Sixth win

Bronze medal match (Olympic Stadium) – South Africa bt Argentina

Lawyers acting on behalf of Eva Carneiro serve notice of a claim of constructive dismissal against Chelsea

Oct 31

Floor. Silver – Max Whitlock

Pommel horse – Max Whitlock. Bronze – Louis Smith

Four-way tie for gold medal in women’s uneven bars

World Cup final (Twickenham) – New Zealand 34 Australia 17

Man-of-the-match – Dan Carter. Captain – Richie McCaw

Referee – Nigel Owens

Sonny Bill Williams gives his Rugby World Cup winner medal to a young boy who was "smoked" in a tackle from a security guard after running on the field

Leading try scorer – Julian Savea (New Zealand) 8

Leading points scorer – Nicolas Sanchez (Argentina) 97

Nov 1

Mexican GP (Autodromo Hermanos Rodriguez) – Rosberg, Hamilton, Bottas

World Series – Kansas City Royals 4 New York Mets 1. MVP – Salvador Perez

Breeder’s Cup Classic – American Pharoah (Victor Espinoza). First horse to win horse racing's Grand Slam – the traditional Triple Crown (Kentucky Derby, Preakness Stakes, and Belmont Stakes) plus the Breeder's Cup Classic

World Rugby player of the year – Dan Carter

Team – New Zealand

Coach – Michael Cheika (Australia)

Everton 6 (Kone 3) Sunderland 2

FA WSL Continental Cup final – Arsenal bt Notts County

WTA Championships final (Singapore) – Radwanska bt Kvitova

European Darts Championship final (Belgium) – Van Gerwen bt Anderson

Superbike World Championship – Jonathan Rea (Northern Ireland), riding a Kawasaki

Nov 2

Remi Garde appointed as manager of Aston Villa

Nov 3

Prince of Penzance wins the Melbourne Cup becoming the first 100-1 winner since World War II. Michelle Payne becomes the first female jockey to ride the winning horse

Tom Graveney dies

Nov 4

Susie Wolff retires from motorsport

Nov 5

Third Test (Sharjah) Pakistan 234 and 355 (Hafeez 151) England 306 and 156. Pakistan won by 127 runs. Pakistan win series 2-0

Sam Burgess leaves rugby union to rejoin Australian league side South Sydney Rabbitohs

Nov 6

Sunday Times and Sky Sports Sportswomen of the Year – Jessica Ennis-Hill

Young Sportswoman of the Year – Dina Asher-Smith

Nov 7

Champion jockey – Silvestre de Sousa

Champion apprentice jockey – Tom Marquand

Champion trainer – John Gosden

Nov 8

MotoGP final standings – 1st Lorenzo (Yamaha), 2nd Rossi (Yamaha), 3rd Marquez (Honda)

Constructors’ champion – Yamaha

Moto2 – Johann Zarco (France)

Moto3 – Danny Kent, who is Great Britain's first Grand Prix motorcycle world champion since Barry Sheene in 1977

WGC-HSBC Champions tournament (Shanghai) – Russell Knox (Scotland)

Nov 9

David Moyes sacked as manager of Real Sociedad

Nov 10

Pat Eddery dies

Cartier racehorse of the year – Golden Horn

Lamine Diack resigns as president of the International Athletics Foundation (IAF). He is under investigation in France on suspicion of corruption and money-laundering

Nov 11

Stuart Lancaster leaves job as England rugby union coach

Hafeez 102 for Pakistan in first ODI

Nov 12

Ex-Ipswich and Sunderland goalkeeper Marton Fulop dies

Nov 13

Hales 109 in second ODI

Spain bt England. Match played in Alicante

Russia suspended by IAAF over doping allegations

Nov 14

Paddy Power Gold Cup – Annacotty

Nov 15

Fed Cup final – Czech Republic bt Russia

Paul Lambert replaces Gary Bowyer as manager of Blackburn

Champion of Champions final – Robertson bt Allen

Grand Slam of Darts final – Van Gerwen bt Taylor

Brazilian GP – Rosberg, Hamilton, Vettel

Holly Holm defeats Ronda Rousey in a women's bantamweight title match at Etihad Stadium in Melbourne, at UFC 193

Nov 16

Euro 2016 play-off – Ireland bt Bosnia Herzegovina

Nov 17

Mitchell Johnson retires from international cricket

New Zealand 624 (Taylor 290) against Australia. Highest Test score by any visiting batsman on Australian soil

Dele Alli scores on his full England debut against France. Fans unite to sing La Marseillaise

Jonah Lomu dies, aged 40

NASCAR Sprint Cup – Kyle Busch. He missed the first 11 races of the season with a broken leg and foot

Nov 19

Bell dropped for tour of South Africa

National League MVP – Bryce Harper (Washington Nationals). American League MVP – Josh Donaldson (Toronto Blue Jays)

Nov 20

England 355-5 in fourth ODI. Buttler 116 including eight sixes. Fastest ODI for England (46 balls). England win series 3-1

Eddie Jones is named as England's first foreign head coach, leaving his role as head coach of South African franchise the Stormers – who he only joined in September after leading Japan in the World Cup

Barclays ATP World Tour finals –

Group Stan Smith – Federer, Djokovic, Nishikori, Berdych

Group Ilie Nastase – Nadal, Wawrinka, Murray, Ferrer

Nov 21

Peter Dimmock dies

Anthony Crolla beats Darleys Perez to win the WBA lightweight title

Nov 22

Final – Djokovic bt Federer

Men’s doubles final – Rojer and Tecau bt Bopanna and Mergea

Race to Dubai – McIlroy

Men’s World Squash Championship final (Washington) – Gaultier (France) bt Mosaad (Egypt)

Nov 24

UK Snooker Championship first round – Adam Duffy bt Ding Junhui

Golden State Warriors set a record of 16 games for the longest unbeaten start to the NBA season

Nov 25

First NFL match to be played at Twickenham will feature St Louis Rams

Nov 26

Mandatory coin toss is to be scrapped in the County Championship next season. The visiting captain will be offered the opportunity of bowling first. If he declines, the toss will take place as normal. But if he accepts, there will be no toss

Seb Coe severs ties with Nike

Nov 27

Davis Cup (Flanders Expo, Ghent) –

David Goffin bt Kyle Edmund; Andy Murray bt Ruben Bemelmans

Philadelphia 76ers lose 27th successive game in NBA. The longest run of defeats across all the country's major professional sports

World Athletes of the Year – Ashton Eaton and Genzebe Dibaba

William Hill Sports Book of the Year – ‘The Game of Our Lives: The Meaning and Making of English Football’ – David Goldblatt

Nov 28

Jamie Murray and Andy Murray bt David Goffin and Steve Darcis

Hennessey Gold Cup – Smad Place

Gerry Byrne dies

Jamie Vardy scores in eleventh successive Premier League game, beating the record of Ruud van Nistelrooy

Tyson Fury beats Wladimir Klitschko in Dusseldorf to become WBA, IBF and WBO champion

Giles Scott wins third Finn World Championship title

European Curling Championships (Denmark) –

Men's team – Sweden

Women's team – Russia

Nov 29

Andy Murray bt David Goffin

GB won 3-1. Tenth title for GB, first since 1936

Murray joins John McEnroe and Mats Wilander as the only men to have an 8-0 singles record in a Davis Cup year, and with the doubles he is only the fourth man to win 11 rubbers in a single year

Abu Dhabi GP – Rosberg, Hamilton, Raikkonen

Rosberg on pole position for sixth successive race

Final standings – 1st Hamilton 381 points, 2nd Rosberg 322 points, 3rd Vettel

Constructors – 1st Mercedes 703 points, 2nd Ferrari 428 points, 3rd Williams

Race winners – Hamilton 10, Rosberg 6, Vettel 3

Pole positions – Hamilton 11, Rosberg 7, Vettel 1

Players Championship final – Van Gerwen bt Adrian Lewis

Grey Cup – Edmonton Eskimos bt Ottawa Redblacks

Japan Cup – Shonan Pandora

Nov 30

Kobe Bryant to retire at end of the season

Australia beat New Zealand in Adelaide day-night Test. Played with a pink ball

Mitchell Starc bowls fastest ever ball recorded in a Test, 160.4 kph

England beat Pakistan in T20 super over bowled by Chris Jordan. England win series 3-0

SPOTY contenders announced – Lizzie Armitstead, Lucy Bronze, Jessica Ennis-Hill, Mo Farah, Chris Froome, Tyson Fury, Lewis Hamilton, Andy Murray, Adam Peaty, Greg Rutherford, Kevin Sinfield, Max Whitlock

Dec 1

Thailand's Thepchaiya Un-Nooh fails to pot final black for a 147 against Robertson at UK Championship

Philadelphia 76ers beat the Los Angeles Lakers, after setting a league record 28 consecutive losses

Dec 2

Leeds United set to raise the price of adult tickets in the South Stand by £5, but a "meal deal" voucher will be included in the price. Known as the "pie tax"

Gary Neville appointed as head coach of Valencia

League Cup quarter-final – Southampton 1 Liverpool 6 (Origi 3)

Japan Warriors join the International Premier Tennis League

Dec 4

Women’s Big Bash league begins

Sir Henry Cotton Rookie of the Year award – Byeong-Hun An

Dec 5

Swansea 0 Leicester 3 (Mahrez 3). Vardy fails to score

Semi-finals – Liang Wenbo bt David Grace, Robertson bt Selby

Dec 6

UK Championship final – Robertson bt Liang Wenbo

147 break by Robertson

FA women’s player of the year – Lucy Bronze

2016 British Figure Skating Championships. Men – Phillip Harris. Women – Danielle Harrison

Hero World Challenge – Bubba Watson

MLS Cup – Portland Timbers bt Columbus Crew SC

Dec 7

Wales Sports Person of the Year – Dan Biggar

South Africa score 143 in 143.1 overs against India. Jadeja bowls 33 maidens

Dec 8

New Rising Pune and Intex Rajkot to play in IPL for the next two years

Man Utd eliminated from Champions League after losing to Wolfsberg

Alan Hodgkinson dies

WTA Tour Player of the Year – Serena Williams

Dec 9

Gary Monk sacked as manager of Swansea

Toby Faletau to move from Newport Gwent Dragons to Bath at end of the season

Giroud hat-trick for Arsenal against Olympiakos

Dec10

Lamela hat-trick for Spurs against Monaco

Women’s Varsity Match held at Twickenham for the first time. Won by Cambridge

Oxford win men’s Varsity Match

Mosconi Cup (Las Vegas) – Team Europe bt Team USA

Dec 11

Adam Voges and Shaun March put on 449 for Australia against West Indies, a record fourth wicket stand in Test cricket

BBC African Footballer of the Year – Yaya Toure

Marcu Fu 147 at Gibraltar Open

Dec 12

Euro 2016 draw –

Group B – England, Russia, Wales, Slovakia

Group C – Germany, Ukraine, Poland, Northern Ireland

Group E – Belgium, Italy, Republic of Ireland, Sweden

England will play Wales in Lens on 16 June

Ram Slam T20 Challenge final (Newlands, Cape Town) – Titans bt Dolphins

Conor McGregor (Ireland) knocks out Jose Aldo after just 13 seconds at UFC 194 to win the featherweight title in Las Vegas

Anthony Joshua knocks out Dillian Whyte to win the British heavyweight title

Golden State Warriors winning streak to start a season ends at 24 games as they are beaten by the Milwaukee Bucks. The loss also ends their 28-game winning streak

Dec13

Chris and Gabby Adcock become the first British players to win a title at the year-end World Superseries badminton finals

Britain tops the medal table at the European Cross Country Championships for a 13th consecutive year as every team member wins a medal in France. Jonathan Davies wins gold in the men's under-23 race

Dec 14

Rome to host Ryder Cup in 2022

Dec 16

Abby Wambach retires. Scored 184 goals in 255 appearances for USA

Club World Cup semi-final – River Plate 1 Sanfrecce Hiroshima 0

Jonas Bjorkman not retained on coaching staff by Andy Murray

Dec 17

Jose Mourinho sacked as manager of Chelsea

Club World Cup semi-final – Barcelona 3 (Suarez 3) Gungzhou Evergrande 0

International Tennis Federation World Champions – Djokovic and Serena Williams

Dec 18

Women’s World Squash Championship in Kuala Lumpur postponed due to financial issues

Dec 19

Jimmy Hill dies

Guus Hiddink appointed as interim manager of Chelsea

Middlesbrough end Brighton’s unbeaten record of 21 games from the start of the season

Steve Borthwick and Paul Gustard appointed as assistant coaches of England

Carlisle play Notts County in Preston following flooding in Carlisle

Dec 20

Club World Cup final (Yokohama) – Barcelona 3 River Plate 0

Final ranking – Barcelona, River Plate, Sanfrecce Hiroshima, Guangzhou Evergrande, America, TP Mazembe, Auckland City

International Premier Tennis League final – Singapore Slammers bt Indian Aces

BBC Sports Personality of the Year (SSE Arena, Belfast) 1st Murray, 2nd Sinfield, 3rd Ennis-Hill

Overseas Personality – Dan Carter

Coach – Michael O’Neill

Team – GB Davis Cup

Young Personality – Ellie Downie

Lifetime Achievement Award – Tony McCoy

Helen Rollason award – Bailey Matthews, aged 8

Unsung hero – Damien Lindsay

Gary Lineker cuts his hand on SPOTY trophy

Dec 21

Fifa's ethics committee issues an eight-year ban on President Sepp Blatter and Uefa President Michel Platini from any football-related activity for a £1.3 million payment to Platini that Blatter approved

Dec 23

Don Howe dies

International Cricket Council awards –

Sir Garfield Sobers Trophy for ICC cricketer of the year – Steve Smith

Test cricketer of the year – Steve Smith

ODI cricketer of the year – AB De Villiers

Women's ODI cricketer of the year – Meg Lanning

Emerging cricketer of the year – Josh Hazlewood

Umpire of the Year – Richard Kettleborough, who wins the David Shepherd Trophy for a third consecutive year

Dec 26

King George VI Chase – Cue Card

Lizzie Kelly becomes the first female jockey to win a Grade One jumps race in Britain after guiding Tea For Two to victory in the Kauto Star Novice Chase at Kempton

Welsh Grand National postponed

Dec 27

Ed Balls named as chairman of Norwich City

Harlequins 39 Gloucester 39

Carolina Panthers lose their only game of the regular season, to Atlanta Falcons

Dec 28

Guptill 50 off 17 balls in ODI for New Zealand against Sri Lanka

Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race – Comanche

Dec 29

Pavel Srnicek dies

Laura Massaro becomes world number one for the first time

PDC Third round – Van Barneveld bt Van Gerwen

Dec 30

First Test (Durban) England 303 and 326 (Piedt 5-153) South Africa 214 (Elgar 118 n.o.) and 174. England won by 241 runs

Third round – Klaasen bt Taylor

Dec 31

New Years Honours –

Knighthood – AP McCoy

Dame – Heather Rabbatts

CBE – Denis Law, Francis Lee, John Surtees

OBE – Sue Barker, Ronnie O'Sullivan, Chris Froome, Chrissie Wellington

MBE – Carl Frampton, Mark Cueto, Tracey Neville, Jacqui Oatley, Steph Houghton, Fara Williams

Sport and Leisure/Sport 2014

2021-04-18T22:54:24Z

Admin: Created page with "Jan 1 European Capital of Sport – Cardiff Corey Anderson hits the fastest ever international century, from 36 balls, for New Zealand against West Indies PDC final – Mic..."

Jan 1

European Capital of Sport – Cardiff

Corey Anderson hits the fastest ever international century, from 36 balls, for New Zealand against West Indies

PDC final – Michael van Gerwen bt Peter Wright 7-4

Jan 2

Ole Gunnar Solskjaer is appointed as manager of Cardiff City

Jan 4

BDO first round – Alan Norris bt Scott Waites

Hopman Cup final – France (Tsonga and Cornet) bt Poland

Jan 5

Fifth Test (Sydney) – Australia 326 (Smith 115, Stokes 6-99) and 276 (Rogers 119) England 155 and 166 (Harris 5-25). Australia won by 281 runs

England debuts for Ballance, Rankin, and Borthwick

Man of the series – Johnson

Most runs – Warner (523) and Pietersen (294)

Most wickets – Johnson (37) and Broad (21)

Haddin’s total of 493 runs breaks the record for most runs in a series by an Australian wicket-keeper and sets a record for the most runs scored in a Test series by a man batting at seven or lower

Lyon becomes only the second cricketer ever to not be dismissed in any innings during a five test series. The other batsman was Bill Johnson, who achieved the feat in 1949–50

64 sixes were hit during the series

Only the third whitewash in Ashes history

Eusebio dies

Terry Biddlecombe dies

FA Cup – Nottingham Forest 5 (Paterson 3) West Ham 0

Jan 6

Four Hills Tournament – Thomas Diethart (Austria)

Jan 7

Tournament of Champions – Zach Johnson

Jan 8

Man City 6 (Negredo 3) West Ham 0

Jan 9

Former Real Betis manager Pepe Mel appointed as manager of WBA

African Footballer of the Year – Yaya Toure

Jan 10

England omit Leicester fly-half Toby Flood from 35-man Six Nations rugby squad because of his expected move to Toulouse, and name Bath’s George Ford as his replacement

Jan 11

Adam Johnson hat-trick for Sunderland against Fulham

Sheffield Wednesday 6 Leeds 0

BDO Women’s final – Lisa Ashton bt Deta Hedman

Jan 12

Finch 121 in first ODI

BDO final – Stephen Bunting bt Alan Norris. Bunting is nicknamed ‘The Bullet’

BBL Cup final – Leicester Riders bt Newcastle Eagles

Jan 13

Women’s Ashes Test – England bt Australia

Fifa awards –

Ballon d'Or: Cristiano Ronaldo 2nd Lionel Messi 3rd Franck Ribery

Women's world player: Nadine Angerer (Germany)

Male coach: Jupp Heynckes

Female coach: Silvia Neid (Germany)

Ballon d'Or Prix d'Honneur: Pele

Puskas goal award: Zlatan Ibrahimovic (Sweden v England)

Fifa Presidential Award: Jacques Rogge

Fair Play Award: Afghanistan Football Federation

Fifa allows Kosovo to play international exhibition games against full Fifa members

Bobby Collins dies

Jan 14

Extreme Heat policy introduced at Australian Open as temperate reaches 42oC

Fifa World XI does not include any Premier League players

Jan 15

Hyde end a winless run of 29 league matches in the Conference

Steven Finn, the only England player not to be used in the Test series, returns home to work on his bowling

Ozil is the only Premier League player in Uefa team of the year

Jan 16

Brooklyn Nets bt Atlanta Hawks at O2 Arena

Thomas Hitzlsperger announces that he is gay

Jan 17

Second ODI – England 300-8 (Morgan 106) Australia 301-9 (Faulkner 69 n.o.)

O’Sullivan scores a record of 556 points without reply against Walden

Jan 18

Dzeko scores first goal in Premier League to be awarded by goal-line technology. 100th goal scored by Man City this season

Reading 7 Bolton 1

Dakar Rally (Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina to Valparaiso, Chile) –

Cars – Nani Roma (Spain), driving a Mini

Bikes – Marc Coma (Spain), riding a KTM. Fourth title

Jan 19

Fourth round – Ivanovic bt SerenaWilliams

Chris Chataway dies

Bert Williams dies

Masters final – O’Sullivan bt Selby

Gloucester, Harlequins and Northampton drop into the Amlin Challenge Cup quarter-finals, as the best runners-up in the Heineken Cup pools

Eto’o hat-trick for Chelsea against Man Utd

Javier Hernandez (Spain) retains men’s title at European Figure Skating Championships

Jan 20

Fourth round – Cibulkova bt Sharapova

Zoopla to end sponsorship of WBA over Anelka’s quenelle gesture

Jan 21

Quarter-final – Wawrinka bt Djokovic

Paul Ince sacked by Blackpool

League Cup semi-final – Man City bt West Ham 9-0 on aggregate

Super League agree three-year sponsorship deal with energy supplier First Utility

Paul Di Resta will drive in the German Touring Car Championship this season after rejoining Mercedes

Jan 22

Quarter-final – Federer bt Murray, Radwanska bt Azarenka

League Cup semi-final – Sunderland bt Man Utd

Jan 23

Semi-finals – Li Na bt Bouchard, Cibulkova bt Radwanska

Semi-final – Wawrinka bt Berdych

World Indoor Bowls women's singles final – Katherine Rednall bt Rebecca Field. Rednall becomes youngest-ever winner, aged 18

Stephen Bunting switches from BDO to PDC

Jan 24

Semi-final – Nadal bt Federer

Women’s doubles final – Errani and Vinci bt Makarova and Vesnina

Skeleton World Cup overall title – Lizzy Yarnold

Fourth ODI (Perth) – England 316-8 Australia 259 (Finch 108). England end nine-match losing run

Leigh Halfpenny moves to Toulon

Jan 25

Final – Li Na bt Cibulkova

Men’s doubles final – Kubot and Lindstedt bt Butorac and Klaasen

Aguero hat-trick against Watford

Qatar Masters – Garcia

Juan Mata moves from Chelsea to Man Utd for £37.1 million

Cleeve Hurdle – Knockara Beau. Big Buck’s first defeat in more than five years

Jan 26

Final – Wawrinka bt Nadal

Mixed doubles final – Nestor and Mladenovic bt Tecau and Mirza

Australia win ODI series 4-1

Hurricane Fly wins fourth consecutive Irish Champion Hurdle

Mohamed Salah moves from Basle to Chelsea

World Indoor Bowls men's singles final – Darren Burnett bt Mervyn King

Jan 27

Arsenal signs Puma kit deal after 20 years with Nike

Jan 28

Steven Gerrard donates £96,000 to the Hillsborough Family Support Group

Jan 29

Bopara hits fastest England T20 fifty

England retain women’s Ashes

Cabaye moves from Newcastle to Paris Saint-Germain

Jan 30

Racing Santander force the abandonment of their Copa del Rey match against Real Sociedad by refusing to play because they had not been paid

Jan 31

Kurt Zouma moves from St Etienne to Chelsea

Berbatov moves to Monaco on loan

Brian McDermott sacked as manager of Leeds

Davis Cup (San Diego) – Ward bt Querrey

Andy Flower resigns as England coach

Feb 1

Luis Aragones dies

Peyton Manning is MVP of NFL for record fifth time

Six Nations captains – Chris Robshaw, Sam Warburton, Paul O’Connell, Kelly Brown, Pascal Pape, Sergio Parisse

Six Nations coaches – Stuart Lancaster, Warren Gatland, Joe Schmidt, Scott Johnson, Philippe Saint-Andre, Jacques Brunel

France 26 England 24. Yoann Huget scores a try after 32 seconds. Winning try scored by Gael Fickou. Luther Burrell scores a try on debut for England. Jack Nowell makes debut for England

Women’s cycling race to take place in Paris on final day of 2014 Tour de France

Feb 2

Dubai Desert Classic – Stephen Gallacher

Australia win Twenty20 series 3-0

Davis Cup – GB 3 USA 1. GB reach quarter-finals for the first time since 1986. First time Britain have beaten the USA since 1935

Ding Junhui becomes the first player since Stephen Hendry in 1990–91 to win four ranking titles in a single season with victory over Judd Trump in the German Masters final

Somalia become the first ever African nation to play in the Bandy World Championships, won by Russia

Super Bowl XLVIII (MetLife Stadium, New Jersey) – Seattle Seahawks 43 Denver Broncos 8. MVP – Malcolm Smith. Coach – Pete Carroll

Half-time entertainment – Red Hot Chili Peppers and Bruno Mars

Super Bowl XLIX is scheduled to be played in 2015 at University of Phoenix Stadium in Glendale, Arizona

Feb 3

Man City 0 Chelsea 1. First points dropped at home by Man City this season. First time Man City have failed to score in a home league match since November 2010

Brian McDermott reinstated as manager of Leeds

Louise Brough dies

Feb 4

Joe Kinnear resigns as Newcastle Utd director of football

Michael Lardrup sacked as Swansea manager. Garry Monk appointed as interim player-manager

Pietersen told by the England and Wales Cricket Board he is no longer in their plans

Basketball, synchronized swimming, water polo and weightlifting all have their Olympic funding withdrawn

Feb 5

Shaun White pulls out of the Sochi Winter Olympics slopestyle competition because of safety concerns

Beckham to launch MLS team in Miami

Feb 6

Scotland captain Kelly Brown dropped for Calcutta Cup match

Feb 7

Opening ceremony of XXII Winter Olympics at Fisht Olympic Stadium. 87 nations taking part. Flame lit by Vladislav Tretiak and Irina Rodnina. 56 athletes in GB team. GB flag carried by Jon Eley. Games motto – ‘Hot. Cool. Yours.’ Mascots – a polar bear, a European hare, and an Amur leopard. Emblem – ‘sochi.ru 2014’. 98 gold medals on offer across 15 disciplines

A snowflake designed to represent one of the Olympic rings (red) fails to open

Olympic flame was taken to the top of Mount Elbrus, lowered to the bottom of Lake Baikal and visited the North Pole and the International Space Station

Venues at Sochi Olympic Park (Coastal Cluster) –

Bolshoy Ice Dome – ice hockey (final)

Shayba Arena – ice hockey

Adler Arena Skating Center – speed skating

Iceberg Skating Palace – figure skating, short track speed skating

Ice Cube Curling Center – curling

Venues at Krasnaya Polyana (Extreme Park) –

Laura Biathlon & Ski Complex – biathlon, cross-country skiing

Rosa Khutor Extreme Park – freestyle skiing and snowboarding

Rosa Khutor Alpine Resort – alpine skiing

Sliding Center Sanki – bobsleigh, luge and skeleton

RusSki Gorki Jumping Center – ski jumping and Nordic combined

Feb 8

Dominica represented by husband and wife Gary and Angelica di Silvestri in cross-country skiing

Former sprinter Craig Pickering is forced to withdraw from the British bobsleigh team with a slipped disc

Mike Hay – GB Chef de Mission

First gold medal – slopestyle snowboard, won by Sage Kotsenburg (USA). 6th Jamie Nicholls. 10th Billy Morgan

Canadian sisters Justine Dufour-Lapointe and Chloe Dufour-Lapointe win gold and silver in the women's moguls

Biathlon 10km sprint – Ole Einar Bjorndalen, winning his 12th Olympic medal, matching compatriot Bjorn Daehlie

American bobsledder Johnny Quinn posts picture on Twitter of smashed toilet door after he broke it down to escape having locked himself in

Budweiser ends FA Cup sponsorship

Hazard hat-trick for Chelsea against Newcastle

Big Bash final – Perth Scorchers bt Hobart Hurricanes

Great Britain's hopes of promotion from the Fed Cup Europe/Africa Zone end with a loss to Romania

Scottish Cup – Aberdeen bt Celtic

Feb 9

Women’s slopestyle snowboard – Jamie Anderson (USA). Bronze – Jenny Jones. GB’s first-ever medal on snow

Men’s downhill – Matthias Mayer (Austria)

Ski jumping normal hill – Kamil Stoch (Poland)

Germany's Felix Loch retains men's luge title

Sangakkara 319 and 105 for Sri Lanka against Bangladesh

Tiger Woods's niece Cheyenne wins Australian Ladies Masters

Rajiv Ouseph wins seventh straight English National badminton title

Hennessy Cognac Irish Gold Cup – Last Instalment

Feb 10

Women’s super-combined – Maria Hofl-Riesch

Alex Bilodeau retains moguls Olympics title

Men’s 500m speed skating – Michel Mulder (Netherlands). Bronze – Ronald Mulder, twin brother of Michel

Tongan luger Bruno Banani – formerly known as Fuahea Semi, changed his name to that of a German underwear company in a unique sponsorship agreement. Known as ‘The Flying Coconut’

Feb 11

Women’s normal hill – Carina Vogt (Germany). First women’s ski jumping competition

Women’s slopestyle skiing. 7th Katie Summerhayes

Great Britain's women equal an Olympic curling record score beating the United States 12-3 in six ends, including taking seven points in one end

A ban on India's Olympic Association is lifted. Indian athletes have been competing at the Winter Games under the IOC flag but can now do so under their own

Feb 12

Women’s downhill – Dominique Gisin (Switzerland) and Tina Maze share the gold medal

Old pictures resurface of Lebanese skier Jackie Chamoun posing topless on a snowy mountainside

Kevin Pietersen bought by Delhi Daredevils for £880,000 in the Indian Premier League auction

Feb 13

Men’s slopestyle skiing. 5th James Woods

Elise Christie penalized in women’s short track 500m and relegated to eighth position

Germany win first-ever luge relay

Feb 14

Women’s skeleton – Yarnold. Sled is called Mervyn

Men’s super-combined – Sando Viletta (Switzerland)

Men’s figure skating – Yuzuru Hanyu (Japan)

Felix Magath replaces Rene Meulenstein as manager of Fulham

Tom Finney dies

Sauber sign IndyCar driver Simona De Silvestro

Feb 15

Women’s Super-G – Anna Fenninger (Austria)

Women’s short track 1500m – Elise Christie stakes outside finishing line and marked as ‘did not finish’

Men’s large hill – Stoch. Silver – Noriaki Kasai (Japan), aged 41

Men’s skeleton. 8th Kristin Bromley, 10th Dominic Parsons

Renaud Lavillenie breaks Sergey Bubka's 21-year-old pole vault world record with a 6.16m leap in the Ukrainian's home city of Donetsk

Feb 16

Men’s Super-G – Kjetil Jansrud (Norway). Bronze – Bode Miller

Bode Miller, 36, is the oldest alpine skier to win an Olympic medal and becomes the joint-second most successful US Winter Olympian alongside Bonnie Blair, with six medals

Women’s snowboard cross. 9th Zoe Gillings

British freestyle skier Rowan Cheshire crashes in training and is ruled out of the Winter Olympics

England rugby league forward Sam Burgess to switch codes and move to Bath

Eisenhower Tree on 17th hole at Augusta is removed due to ice storm damage

Feb 17

Ice dance – Meryl Davis and Charlie White (USA). Silver – Tessa Virtue and Scott Moir (Canada). 10th Penny Coomes and Nick Buckland

Davis and White are the first ice dance gold medalists from USA

Darya Domracheva (Belarus) wins third gold medal in biathlon

Jamaican bobsleigher Winston Watts competes at fourth Olympics

Feb 18

Women’s giant slalom – Tina Maze. Vanessa-Mae, competing as Vanessa Vanakorn (Thailand), finishes last

Men’s curling play-off – GB bt Norway

McCullum 302 against India making him the first New Zealand cricketer to score a triple hundred in Test cricket

New Zealand 680-8 against India, both the highest ever innings by New Zealand, and the highest ever third innings in Test cricket history

Feb 19

Men’s giant slalom – Ted Ligety. First non-European winner of this event

Men’s curling semi-final – GB bt Sweden

Women’s curling semi-final – Canada bt GB

Men’s parallel giant slalom snowboard – Vic Wild (Russia). Born in USA. His wife, Alena Zavarzina, wins bronze medal in same event

Women’s bobsleigh – Canada. Silver – USA-2, with Olympic sprinter Lauren Williams

Williams becomes the fifth person to have won a medal in both the Summer and Winter Olympic games

Olympic hurdler Lolo Jones in USA-3 bobsleigh team

Men’s ice hockey quarter-final – Finland bt Russia

Bjorndalen wins 13th Olympic medal – gold in mixed biathlon relay

Feb 20

Women’s curling final – Canada bt Sweden. Skip – Jennifer Jones. Canada were unbeaten in the tournament

Bronze medal match – GB (Muirhead, Sloan, Adams, Hamilton) bt Switzerland

Women’s figure skating – Adelina Sotnikova (Russia). 2nd Kim Yuna. This event led to a controversy on the scoring and judging

Women’s ice hockey final – Canada bt USA. Winning goal scored by Marie-Philip Poulin

Feb 21

Men’s curling final – Canada bt GB (Murdoch, Drummond, Andrews, Goodfellow). Canada skip – Brad Jacobs

Elise Christie disqualified in short track 1000m semi-final

Women’s slalom – Mikaela Shiffrin (USA). Aged 18, Shiffrin becomes the youngest champion in Olympic alpine skiing

Men’s 500m short track. 7th Jon Eley

Victor Ahn (Russia) wins third gold medal in short track speed skating. Won three gold medals for South Korea in 2006

Feb 22

Men’s slalom – Mario Matt (Austria). Aged 34, Matt becomes the oldest champion in Olympic alpine skiing. Course designed by Ante Kostelic, father of Ivaca Kostelic

Prince Hubertus of Hohenlohe-Langenburg, aged 55, competes for Mexico in men’s slalom

Men’s parallel slalom snowboard – Vic Wild

Marit Bjorgen wins third gold medal in cross-country skiing and equals the record for most Winter Olympic medals by a woman, with 10, six of them gold

World Club Challenge – Sydney Roosters bt Wigan Warriors. Hat-trick for Michael Jennings

Duncan Weir kicks winning drop goal for Scotland against Italy

Danny Care scores winning try for England against Ireland

Statue of Dennis Bergkamp unveiled outside Emirates Stadium

Feb 23

Men’s four-man bobsleigh. 5th GB. Pilot – John Jackson

GB bobsleigh designed by McLaren

Men’s ice hockey final – Canada bt Sweden

Sochi 2014's organizers make a joke at their own expense during the Winter Olympics closing ceremony after the fifth Olympic ring ‘fails’ to unfurl

Lizzy Yarnold carries GB flag

Final medal table – 1st Russia (13-11-9) 33, 2nd Norway, 3rd Canada, 19th GB (1-1-2)

Other gold medal winners – USA, Netherlands, Germany, Switzerland, Belarus, Austria, France, Poland, China, South Korea, Sweden, Czech Republic, Slovenia, Japan, Finland, Ukraine, Slovakia

Ireen Wust (Netherlands) won speed skating gold medals at the 3000m and at the Team Pursuit and silver medals at the 1000m, 1500m, and 5000m

Sven Kramer (Netherlands) won speed skating gold medals at the 5000m and at the Team Pursuit and a silver medal at the 10000m

Sturridge scores in eighth successive Premier League match

Euro 2016 draw. Group E – England, Estonia, Lithuania, San Marino, Slovenia, Switzerland

Tour of Oman – Chris Froome

WGC Matchplay final (Dove Mountain, Arizona) – Jason Day bt Victor Dubuisson (France)

Daytona 500 – Dale Earnhardt, Jr

Feb 24

ICC Under-19 World Cup semi-final – Pakistan bt England

Susie Wolff to take part in two practice sessions at grands prix this year as part of an expanded role as Williams development driver

Raymond Floyd named as America’s second Ryder Cup vice-captain

Feb 25

Johnny Murtagh retires

Bradford Bulls deducted six points by the Rugby Football League after going into administration

Veronica Campbell-Brown cleared to race after failed drugs test

Feb 26

World Track Cycling Championships start in Cali, Colombia

Louis Tomlinson plays for Doncaster Rovers reserves against Rotherham

Prestbury Cup awarded for the first time, to the country that trains most winners at the Cheltenham Festival

Feb 27

Champions League – Shalke 1 Real Madrid 6

Feb 28

Women’s team pursuit – GB (Joanna Rowsell, Laura Trott, Katie Archibald and Elinor Barker)

Richie Richardson, Curtly Ambrose and Andy Roberts knighted at first ODI in Antigua

Lumb 106 in ODI debut against West Indies. All three matches played in Antigua

ICC Under-19 World Cup third place play-off – England bt Australia

Mar 1

ICC Under-19 World Cup final (Dubai) – South Africa bt Pakistan

Individual pursuit – Rowsell

Andre Schurrle hat-trick for Chelsea against Fulham

Alan Pardew headbutts Hull City player David Meyler

Afghanistan bt Bangladesh at the Asia Cup. Afghanistan's first win against a Test-playing nation

Ricky Burns suffers his first defeat in seven years as he loses his WBO world lightweight title to Terence Crawford

Fifa authorizes the wearing of head covers for religious reasons during football matches

Mar 2

Capital One Cup final – Man City 3 (Toure, Nasri, Navas) Sunderland 1 (Borini). Man-of-the-match – Nasri

Welsh Open final – O’Sullivan bt Ding Junhui. O’Sullivan 147 in final frame

Michael Schumacher has a corner named after him at Bahrain International circuit

Stephen Parry 3-32 on England debut in second ODI against West Indies

Mar 3

Graeme Smith retires. Australia bt South Africa, first series defeat for South Africa for five years

Third ODI – England 303-6 (Root 107, Buttler 99) West Indies 278 (Ramdin 128)

England win series 2-1

Nemanja Vidic will join Inter Milan on a free transfer in the summer

Mar 5

Estonia become the first team to have taken on all 53 of their fellow UEFA member associations as they play Gibraltar

Man of Steel award to be renamed in honour of Steve Prescott

England 1 (Sturridge) Denmark 0

Mar 6

Stand Guard sets all-weather record of 26 wins

Championship League Snooker final – Trump bt Gould

Sam Torrance and Des Smyth named as Europe’s Ryder Cup vice-captains

Mar 7

Winter Paralympics opened by Vladimir Putin. The scenes of the ceremony are linked by the journey of the firebird. Theme – ‘Breaking the Ice’. 547 athletes from 45 countries. 72 events in 5 sports. Mascots – Ray of Light and Snowflake. British flag carried by 15-year-old Mille Knight

Snowboarding makes its Paralympic debut with the addition of men's and women's standing snowboard cross events

Birmingham City owner Carson Yeung jailed for six years by a Hong Kong court for money laundering

World Indoor Athletics Championships start at Ergo Arena in Sopot, Poland

Mar 8

Women’s visually impaired downhill slalom. Silver – Jade Etherington and her guide Caroline Powell

British sit-skier Mick Brennan lost both his lower legs in a bomb attack whilst serving in the British army in Iraq in 2004

Anna Turney representing GB in women’s sit-ski events

Women’s 60m hurdles. Bronze – Tiffany Porter

Men’s 60m – Richard Kilty

Men’s heptathlon events – 60m, long jump, shot put, high jump, 60m hurdles, pole vault, 1000m

Women’s pentathlon events – 60m hurdles, high jump, shot put, long jump, 800m

O’Driscoll wins world record 140th cap for Ireland

Mar 9

Women’s 60m – Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce

Heptathlon – Ashton Eaton

Men’s 800m. Bronze – Andrew Osagie

Women’s long jump. Silver – Katarina Johnson-Thompson

Christine Ohuruogu’s sister, Victoria, runs in the 4x400m relay heats

Women’s 4x400m relay. Bronze – GB (Child, Cox, Adeoye, Ohuruogu)

Men’s 4x400m relay. Silver – GB (Williams, Bowie, Lennon-Ford, Levine)

Final medal table – 1st USA (8-2-2) 12 4th GB (1-2-3) 6

Other gold medal winners – Russia, Ethiopia, Jamaica, Poland, Cuba, Czech Republic, France, Kenya, New Zealand, Qatar, Sweden, Brazil, Djibouti, Greece, Netherlands

England bt Wales to win first Triple Crown since 2003. Tries – Care, Burrell. Farrell – 19 points

FA Cup quarter-final – Wigan bt Man City

UK Open Darts final (Butlins Resort, Minehead) – Lewis bt Jenkins

WGC-Cadillac Championship – Patrick Reed (USA)

Mar 10

Super G – Kelly Gallagher and her guide Charlotte Evans. Bronze – Etherington

Mar 11

Champion Hurdle – Jezki (Barry Geraghty), trained by Jessica Harrington

Quevaga wins Mares’ Hurdle for sixth time

Pardew banned for seven games for headbutting David Meyler

Champions League last 16 – Bayern Munich bt Arsenal

Mar 12

Slalom. Silver – Etherington

Queen Mother Champion Chase – Sire De Grugy (Jamie Moore), trained by Gary Moore

Cyprus Cup final – France bt England

Champions League last 16 – Barcelona bt Man City

Mar 13

World Hurdle – More Of That (Barry Geraghty), trained by Jonjo O’Neill

Four-time winner Big Buck's finishes fifth and is retired immediately after the race

West Indies beat England 2-1 in T20 series. All matches played in Barbados

Bayern Munich president Uli Hoeness convicted of tax fraud

Mar 14

Super combined. Silver – Etherington

Ruby Walsh breaks arm in fall from Abbyssial

Daryl Jacob breaks leg after being thrown by Port Melon

Gold Cup – Lord Windermere (Davy Russell), trained by Jim Culloty. 2nd On His Own, 3rd The Giant Bolster

Leading jockey – Ruby Walsh

Leading trainer – Willie Mullins

Four horses put down during the Cheltenham Festival

Ben Stokes will miss the ICC World Twenty20 due to a hand injury suffered when he punched a dressing room locker

Mar 15

Wheelchair curling final – Canada bt Russia

Bronze medal match – GB bt China. Skip – Aileen Nielsen

Ice sledge hockey final – USA bt Russia

World Short Track Speed Skating Championships (Montreal) –

Men’s 5000m relay. Bronze – GB

Women’s 500m. Silver – Elise Christie

Italy 11 England 52

Wales 51 Scotland 3. Stuart Hogg sent off. Gethin Jenkins becomes Wales's most-capped player on his 105th appearance

France 20 Ireland 22. O’Driscoll makes his 141st and final appearance for Ireland

Final table – Ireland, England, Wales, France, Scotland, Italy

Leading try scorer – Mike Brown, Jonathan Sexton (4 tries)

Leading points scorer – Jonathan Sexton (66 points)

Martin Pipe wins fourth successive Midlands Grand National

Mar 16

Winter Paralympics closing ceremony. Theme – ‘Reaching the Impossible’. British flag carried by Jade Etherington

Final medal table – 1st Russia (30-28-22) 80, 2nd Germany, 3rd Canada, 10th GB (1-3-2) 6

Russian nordic skier and biathlete Roman Petushkov wins six gold medals

French standing skier Marie Bochet wins four gold medals

Formula 1 teams –

Mercedes – Hamilton, Rosberg

Red Bull – Vettel, Ricciardo

Ferrari – Alonso, Raikkonen

McLaren – Button, Kevin Magnussen (Denmark)

Williams – Massa, Bottas

Lotus – Grosjean, Maldonado

Force India – Perez, Hulkenberg

Sauber – Sutil, Gutierrez

Toro Rosso – Vergne, Daniil Kvyat (Russia)

Caterham – Kobayashi, Marcus Ericsson (Sweden)

Marussia – Bianchi, Chilton

Australian GP – Rosberg, Ricciardo, Magnussen

Ricciardo disqualified for breaching fuel flow consumption rules so Magnussen promoted to second position and Button promoted to third position

New York City half-marathon – Geoffrey Mutai (Kenya). 2nd Farah, who collapsed after the race

LV= Cup final (Exeter) – Exeter bt Northampton

France Women win Six Nations Grand Slam

Vidic sent off for fourth time against Liverpool

Scottish League Cup final – Aberdeen bt Inverness

Skiing World Cup –

Men’s overall – Hirscher. Downhill – Svindal

Women’s overall – Fenninger. Downhill – Hofl-Riesch

World Open final (Haikou) – Murphy bt Selby

Sky Bet Championship Player of the Year – Danny Ings (Burnley)

League One award – Adam Forshaw (Brentford)

League Two award – Gary Roberts (Chesterfield)

Mar 17

FA advised to reject Hull City’s name change

Jonathan Trott's decision to leave England's Ashes tour when he was fit to play was a ‘con’, according to former captain Michael Vaughan

Mar 18

Andre Villas-Boas appointed as manager of Zenit Saint Petersburg

Mar 19

Andy Murray splits with coach Ivan Lendl

Van Persie hat-trick against Olympiakos

Mar 20

Europa League last 16 – Benfica bt Spurs

Anelka is sacked by WBA over his quenelle gesture

Mar 22

Chelsea 6 Arsenal 0. Referee Andre Marriner apologises for sending off Kieran Gibbs instead of Alex Oxlade-Chamberlain by mistake. Wenger’s 1000th match as manager of Arsenal

Cardiff 3 Liverpool 6 (Suarez 3)

Man City 5 (Yaya Toure 3) Fulham 0

Six Nations player of the championship – Mike Brown

Saracens beat Harlequins in front of a record crowd for club rugby union at Wembley (83,889)

World Twenty20 final standings –

Group A – Bangladesh, Nepal, Afghanistan, Hong Kong

Group B – Netherlands, Zimbabwe, Ireland, United Arab Emirates

Mickey Duff dies

Major League Baseball starts its 2014 season at the Sydney Cricket Ground

Mar 23

Women’s world squash championship final (Malaysia) – Laura Massaro bt Nour El Sherbini (Egypt)

FA Trophy final – Cambridge bt Gosport Borough

Stuart Broad fined 15% of his match fee for criticizing the umpires’ decision to play on during a thunderstorm in their World Twenty20 defeat by New Zealand

Martin Fourcade (France) retains Biathlon World Cup

World Women's Curling Championship final (Canada) – Switzerland bt Canada

Men’s Ski Jumping World Cup – Kamil Stoch (Poland)

Women’s Ski Jumping World Cup – Sara Takanashi (Japan)

Mar 24

Netherlands bowled out for 39 by Sri Lanka in World Twenty20

Elite League champions – Belfast Giants

Mar 25

Chemmy Alcott retires

Challenge Cup final – Nottingham Panthers bt Belfast Giants

Mar 26

Champion County Match (Abu Dhabi) – MCC bt Durham

Laureus World Sport Awards (Kuala Lumpur) –

World Sportsman of the Year: Sebastian Vettel

World Sportswoman of the Year: Missy Franklin

World Team of the Year: Bayern Munich

World Breakthrough of the Year: Marc Marquez

World Comeback of the Year: Rafael Nadal

World Sportsperson of the Year with a Disability: Marie Bochet

World Action Sportsperson of the Year: Jamie Bestwick (UK BMX rider)

Mar 27

Meg Lanning 126 for Australia against Ireland, to set a new top score in women's Twenty20 cricket

South Africa bt Netherlands by 6 runs. Ahsan Malik 5-19 for Netherlands

Alex Hales 116 vs Sri Lanka, including 6 sixes. England's first T20 international hundred

A ‘League of Nations’ competition intended as a third major tournament for European countries is given the go-ahead by Uefa

Yorkshire will stage a three-day cycle race from May 2015

Mar 29

EurAsia Cup (Kuala Lumpur) Asia 10 Europe 10

Players Tour Championship final – Hawkins bt Greene

Lincoln Handicap – Ocean Tempest

Dubai World Cup – African Story

World Figure Skating Championships (Saitama, Japan) – Men’s – Yuzuru Hanyu. Women’s – Mao Asada

Brendon McCullum becomes the first man to reach 2000 runs in Twenty20 cricket

Man Utd fans fly ‘Wrong One – Moyes Out’ banner over Old Trafford

Women’s Boat Race held at Henley for the final time

Mar 30

Malaysian GP – Hamilton, Rosberg, Vettel

Hong Kong Sevens final – New Zealand bt England

JP Trophy final – Peterborough bt Chesterfield

Worcester Warriors win their first match of the season, against Newcastle Falcons

BBL Trophy final – Worcester Wolves bt Glasgow Rocks

Miami Open – Djokovic. Nadal and Djokovic now hold all nine elite Masters 1000 titles between them

Mar 31

Netherlands 133-5 England 88. Netherlands win by 45 runs

New Zealand bowled out for 60 by Sri Lanka. Williamson 42, Hereth 5-3

Apr 1

Super 10 final standings –

Group 1 – Sri Lanka, South Africa, New Zealand, England, Netherlands

Group 2 – India, West Indies, Pakistan, Australia, Bangladesh

Barcelona given 14-month transfer ban for breaching transfer and registration rules

Apr 3

Betfred Bowl – Silviniaco Conti

Aintree Hurdle – The New One

Semi-final – Sri Lanka bt West Indies

Stuart Pearce appointed as manager of Nottingham Forest

Apr 4

Melling Chase – Boston Bob

Semi-final – India bt South Africa

Women’s semi-final – England bt South Africa

Apr 5

Grand National – 1st Pineau De Re (Leighton Aspell), trained by Richard Newland, 2nd Balthazar King, 3rd Double Seven

Pineau De Re's name refers to an aperitif wine

Paul Moloney, rider of fourth-placed Alvarado becomes the first jockey to have finished placed in the race six times in succession, without winning

Heineken Cup quarter-final – Clermont bt Leicester. Clermont have won their last 75 home games

Bayern Munich's 53-match unbeaten run in the Bundesliga comes to an end at Augsburg

Apr 6

World Men's Curling Championship (China) – Norway bt Sweden

China Open final – Ding Junhui bt Robertson

160th Boat Race – Oxford. Cambridge two-seat Luke Juckett catches a crab

Davis Cup (Naples) – Italy 3 GB 2. Fognini bt Murray and Seppi bt Ward on final day

Bahrain GP – Hamilton, Rosberg, Perez

World Twenty20 final (Mirpur) – Sri Lanka bt India

World Twenty20 women’s final – Australia bt England

Ramsdens Challenge Cup final – Raith Rovers bt Rangers

Chris Hughton sacked by Norwich and replaced with youth coach Neil Adams

Wrestlemania – Daniel Bryan becomes the new WWE World Heavyweight Champion. The Undertaker's undefeated streak at WrestleMania, which had lasted for more than 21 years, end with a loss to Brock Lesnar

Elite League play-off final – Sheffield Steelers bt Belfast Giants

Apr 7

Zoe Smith becomes only the second British woman to win an overall European weightlifting medal by finishing third in Tel Aviv

Apr 8

WWE wrestler The Ultimate Warrior dies

Apr 9

Wisden Cricketers of the Year – Shikhar Dhawan, Charlotte Edwards, Ryan Harris, Chris Rogers, Joe Root

Leading Cricketer in the World – Dale Steyn

Masters Par 3 tournament – Ryan Moore

Champions League quarter-finals – Atletico Madrid bt Barcelona, Bayern Munich bt Man Utd

Apr 10

Asafa Powell banned for 18 months for failing a drugs test

Apr 11

Dave Brailsford quits as performance director of British Cycling to concentrate on running Team Sky

Apr 12

Scottish Grand National – Al Co (Jamie Moore)

FA Cup semi-final – Arsenal bt Wigan

All league matches kick off at 15:07 to honour 25th anniversary of Hillsborough

WBO welterweight title – Manny Pacquiao bt Timothy Bradley

Gloucester end Aviva Premiership match against Bath with 11 players

Russ Wilcox beats the record for the longest unbeaten run at the beginning of a managerial reign, with a draw against Bury being his 26th game in charge of Scunthorpe United without defeat

Apr 13

FA Cup semi-final – Hull 5 Sheffield Utd 3

Steve Borthwick makes record 263rd Premiership appearance, breaking George Chuter’s record

London Marathon. Men’s – Wilson Kipsang, 8th Mo Farah. Women’s – Edna Kiplagat

Tim Groenewald hat-trick for Derbyshire against Essex

Will Tavare century on debut for Gloucestershire. Nephew of Chris Tavare

Masters – Bubba Watson. 2nd Jordan Speith, Jonas Blixt

GB win seven gold medals in Para-cycling Track World Championships in Mexico

Apr 14

Stefano Domenicali resigns as the team principal of Ferrari and is replaced by Marco Mattiacci

Apr 16

12 Kent batsmen are dismissed lbw across two innings at Worcester

Bale scores winning goal for Real Madrid against Barcelona in Copa del Rey

Steve Davis, Peter Ebdon, Mark Williams and Graeme Dott all lose in World Snooker Championship qualifiers

Manchester City are the best paid team in sport, paying an average annual wage of £5.3m to its first-team players

Kevin Durant (Oklahoma City Thunder) wins fourth NBA Scoring Title

Apr 17

All-weather jockeys’ championship – Adam Kirby

Apr 18

Viewpoint makes history by becoming the first ever horse to win on a Good Friday when taking the coral.co.uk All-Weather Championships Apprentice Handicap at Lingfield

Lancashire coach Peter Moores is reappointed head coach of England

Apr 19

Bernard Hopkins (aged 49) becomes the oldest boxer to unify a weight division, adding the WBA light-heavyweight crown to his IBF title

Mourinho suffers his first ever home league defeat as Chelsea manager, against Sunderland, ending a 77-match unbeaten run

England Hockey League Championship Men’s Premier Division – Beeston

England Hockey League Championship Women’s Premier Division – Surbiton

Hamilton beats Jim Clark’s British record of 33 pole positions

Apr 20

Chinese GP – Hamilton, Rosberg, Alonso

Malaysian Open – Westwood

Rubin ‘Hurricane’ Carter dies

Apr 21

Irish Grand National – Shutthefrontdoor (Barry Geraghty)

Julian Wilson dies

World Snooker first round – Michael Wasley bt Ding Junhui

Apr 22

Giggs appointed as interim manager of Man Utd following sacking of David Moyes

Reanne Evans beats Hong Kong's Ng On Yee 6-0 to claim a 10th Ladies' World Snooker title

Albert Pujols (LA Angels) hits 500th career home run

Apr 23

Paul Farbrace confirmed as England's new assistant coach after quitting as Sri Lanka head coach

CONCACAF Champions League – Cruz Azul (Mexico)

Apr 24

Reebok Stadium, home of Bolton Wanderers, is to be renamed the Macron Stadium

Sandy Jardine dies

Apr 25

Tito Vilanova dies

Apr 26

Scunthorpe’s 28 game unbeaten run comes to an end

Heineken Cup semi-final (Twickenham) – Saracens 46 Clermont 6

Chris Ashton becomes leading try scorer in Heineken Cup

Champion jockey – Tony McCoy (19th successive year) 2nd Richard Johnson (15th time)

Champion trainer – Paul Nicholls (8th time)

Champion conditional jockey – Gavin Sheehan

Netball Superleague Grand Final – Manchester Thunder bt Surrey Storm

Apr 27

Heineken Cup semi-final – Toulon bt Munster

Rolex Kentucky – William Fox-Pitt riding Bay My Hero

PFA Player of the Year – Suarez

PFA Young Player of the Year – Hazard

Women’s Players’ Player of the Year – Lucy Bronze (Liverpool)

PFA Scotland Premiership player of the year – Kris Commons

Apr 29

LA Clippers owner Donald Sterling banned for life for racist remarks

Dani Alves (Barcelona) is targeted by Villarreal fans, who throw a banana at him. Alves picks up the banana, peels it, and takes a bite

Champions League semi-final – Real Madrid bt Bayern Munich

Ronaldo breaks the previous record of 14 for the most goals in a Champions League season

Apr 30

Champions League semi-final – Atletico Madrid bt Chelsea

Middlesex score 472-3 (Rogers 241) in fourth innings to beat Yorkshire

Graham Gooch leaves his role as England batting coach

May 2

Former WBA winger Clive Clark dies

May 3

2000 Guineas – Night of Thunder (Kieren Fallon), trained by Richard Hannon

Semi-finals – O’Sullivan bt Hawkins, Selby bt Robertson

Hamilton 10 Morton 2

Kentucky Derby – California Chrome

May 4

1000 Guineas – Miss France (Maxime Guyon), trained by Andre Fabre

Hyundai A-League Grand Final – Brisbane Roar bt Western Sydney Wanderers

Tour de Romandie – Chris Froome

Elena Baltacha dies

May 5

Football Writers' Association Footballer of the Year – Suarez

FA Youth Cup final – Chelsea bt Fulham

Final – Selby bt O’Sullivan 18-14

Highest break – Robertson (140)

May 6

Man City handed a £50 million fine, as well as having next season’s Champions League squad size reduced from 25 to 21, for breaking Financial Fair Play rules. Paris Saint-Germain are given the same fine

May 7

NBA Coach of the Year – Gregg Popovich (San Antonio Spurs)

May 8

Greg Dyke reveals plans for a new League Three for Premier League B-teams that would sit beneath League Two in the football pyramid

May 9

Harry Gurney (Nottinghamshire) makes England debut in ODI against Scotland

Giro d’Italia starts in Belfast

May 10

Saracens finish top of Premiership. Worcester are relegated

Newcastle Falcons lost their last 16 matches

Leinster finish top of Pro12

FA Vase – Sholing (based in Southampton)

St. Louis Rams make history in the seventh round of the draft by selecting Michael Sam, who becomes the first openly gay player to ever be drafted in the NFL

May 11

BBL play-off final – Worcester Wolves bt Newcastle Eagles

Badminton Horse Trials – Sam Griffiths (Australia) riding Paulank Brockagh

Women’s Tour of Britain – Marianne Vos

Spanish GP – Hamilton, Rosberg, Ricciardo

Players Championship – Kaymer

Premier League final table – 1st Man City, 2nd Liverpool, 3rd Chelsea, 4th Arsenal

Relegated – Norwich, Fulham, Cardiff

Leading scorer – Suarez (31)

Adam Johnson was the only Englishman to score a hat-trick in the Premier League

Scottish Premiership final table – 1st Celtic, 2nd Motherwell

Celtic only lost one match, against Aberdeen

Leading scorer – Kris Commons (27)

Relegated – Hearts

Scottish First Division – Dundee

Scottish Second Division – Rangers (W 33 D 3 L 0)

Scottish Third Division – Peterhead

Highland League – Brora Rangers

Lowland League – Spartans FC

IRB Sevens World Series – New Zealand. Top points scorer – Tom Mitchell (England)

Principality Premiership – Pontypridd

Scottish Premiership – Melrose

Ulster Bank All-Ireland League – Clontarf

May 12

Pepe Mel sacked by WBA

May 13

Barclays Manager of the Season – Tony Pulis

Barclays Player of the Season – Suarez

League Managers' Association manager of the year – Brendan Rodgers

Steve Sherwood sacked by Spurs

May 14

Europa League final (Turin) Sevilla bt Benfica. Benfica’s eighth loss in a European final since their last win in 1962

2015 Europa League final will be held in Warsaw

Portuguese authorities charge Luiz Felipe Scolari, the coach of the Brazil national football team, with tax fraud allegedly carried out when he was the coach of Portugal

May 15

Premiership Rugby Player of the Year –Mike Brown (Harlequins)

Discovery of the Season – Billy Vunipola (Saracens)

Director of Rugby of the Season – Mark McCall (Saracens)

Leading points scorer – George Ford (Bath), 235 points

Leading try scorer – Vereniki Goneva (Leicester) 12 tries

May 16

T20 Blast starts. Teams with new names – Birmingham Bears, Durham Jets, Worcestershire Rapids

May 17

Women’s European Gymnastics Championships (Sofia) –

Team – Romania. Silver – GB

Millennium Magic Weekend at Etihad. Hull vs Hull KR kicks off at same time as FA Cup Final

FA Cup final – Arsenal 3 (Cazorla, Koscielny, Ramsey) Hull City 2 (Chester, Davies). Steve Bruce’s son, Alex, plays for Hull. Man-of-the-match – Ramsey

Scottish Cup final – St Johnstone bt Dundee United. First ever trophy for St Johnstone

Preakness Stakes – California Chrome

Frankie Dettori wins his 200th group one race riding Olympic Glory at the Lockinge Stakes at Newbury

May 18

Great Manchester Run (10k). Men’s – Bekele. Women’s – Dibaba

Gerado Martino steps down as coach of Barcelona

Uneven bars – Rebecca Downie

Conference play-off final – Cambridge bt Gateshead

Conference champions – Luton

Hyde gained only 10 points and only won one match, away at Welling United

Euroleague basketball final – Maccabi Tel Aviv bt Real Madrid

Tour of California – Wiggins

Miguel Angel Jimenez became the first man over the age of 50 to win on the European Tour with victory at the Spanish Open

May 19

Jack Brabham dies

Phil Sharpe dies

Louis van Gaal appointed as manager of Man Utd, with Ryan Giggs as his assistant. Giggs retires from playing

Luis Enrique appointed as manager of Barcelona

Adam Scott becomes world number one for the first time

May 20

Football Association says it will take no action against Premier League chief executive Richard Scudamore over leaked sexist emails

Yaya Toure's agent, Dimitri Seluk, criticises Man City's attempts to mark the 31-year-old's birthday, describing their efforts as ‘a joke’

Michael Jordan's Charlotte Bobcats renamed Charlotte Hornets

British Open squash – Men’s – Gregory Gaultier (France), Women’s – Nicol David

May 21

Uefa European Under-17 Championship final (Malta) England bt Netherlands

May 22

Premier League Darts final – Van Barneveld bt Van Gerwen

Neil Lennon resigns as manager of Celtic

Helena Costa becomes the highest-placed female coach in European men's football. The 36-year-old Portuguese, a former Celtic scout, takes charge at French second-tier side Clermont Foot

Women’s Champions League final – Wolfsburg bt Tyreso FF, who are based in Stockholm

May 23

Amlin Challenge Cup final (Cardiff) – Northampton bt Bath

British & Irish Cup final – Leinster A bt Leeds Carnegie

May 24

European Rugby Champions Cup play-off – Wasps bt Stade Francais

Heineken Cup final (Cardiff) – Toulon bt Saracens. Man of the match – Steffon Armitage

Championship play-off final – QPR 1 (Zamora) Derby 0. Gary O’Neil sent off

Promoted – Leicester, Burnley, QPR

Relegated – Doncaster, Barnsley, Yeovil

Leading scorer – Ross McCormack (Leeds), 28 goals

Men’s European Gymnastics Championships (Sofia) –

Team – Russia. Silver – GB

Champions League final (Lisbon) – Real Madrid 4 Atletico Madrid 1. Captain – Casillas. Real’s tenth win, ’La Decima’. Ancelotti’s third win as manager, equaling the record of Bob Paisley

2015 Champions League final will be held in Berlin

May 25

League One play-off final – Rotherham bt Leyton Orient

Promoted – Wolves, Brentford, Rotherham

Relegated – Tranmere. Carlisle, Shrewsbury, Stevenage

Leading scorer – Sam Baldock (Bristol City), 24 goals

Scottish Premiership play-off final – Hamilton Academical bt Hibs

Pommel horse – Max Whitlock

Floor. Bronze – Dan Purvis

PGA Championship – McIlroy

Monaco GP – Rosberg, Hamilton, Ricciardo. 9th Bianchi. First ever points for Marussia

England bowled out for 99 by Sri Lanka in second ODI

Men’s Ice Hockey World Championship final (Minsk) – Russia bt Finland

Professional Rugby Players Association player of the year – Vereniki Goneva (Leicester)

Young player of the year – George Ford (Bath)

Bill Beaumont County Cup final – Lancashire bt Cornwall

Indy 500 – Ryan Hunter-Reay

Japan win the Thomas Cup for the first time

Landon Donovan of Los Angeles Galaxy breaks the career goal scoring record in US Major League Soccer

May 26

ERC European Player of the Year – Steffon Armitage (Toulon)

League Two play-off – Fleetwood bt Burton

Promoted – Chesterfield, Scunthorpe, Rochdale, Fleetwood

Relegated – Bristol Rovers, Torquay

Leading scorer – Sam Winnall (Scunthorpe), 23 goals

French Open first round – Guillermo Garcia-Lopez bt Wawrinka

May 27

Mauricio Pochettino appointed as manager of Spurs

Match-fixing allegations made against former Sussex players Lou Vincent and Naved Arif

May 28

Second round – Garbine Muguruza (Spain) bt Serena Williams

Sri Lanka bowled out for 67 (Jordan 5-29) in third ODI

May 30

NBA announces that it has approved the $2 billion bid of former Microsoft CEO Steve Ballmer for the Los Angeles Clippers

Palestine wins the AFC Challenge Cup, qualifying for the AFC Asian Cup for the first time

May 31

Aviva Premiership final – Northampton bt Saracens. Winning try scored in extra time by Alex Waller. Man of the match – Stephen Myler

Pro12 final – Leinster bt Glasgow. Brian O’Driscoll retires

Fourth ODI – Sri Lanka 300-9 (Sangakkara 112) England 293-8 (Buttler 121)

Carl Froch knocks out George Groves with a right hand in the eighth round of their rematch, in front of a British-record 80,000 fans at Wembley Stadium. Froch retains his IBF and WBA super-middleweight titles

Serie A – Juventus

La Liga – Atletico Madrid

Bundesliga – Bayern Munich

Liga Sagres – Benfica

Ligue 1 (Le Championnat) – Paris St Germain

Eredivisie – Ajax

Top 14 final – Toulon bt Castres

Jun 1

French Open fourth round – Gulbis bt Federer

IPL 7 final – Kolkata Knight Riders bt Kings XI Punjab

Wriddhiman Saha (Kings XI Punjab) is the first player to score a century in an IPL final

Kolkata Knight Riders captain – Gambhir

MVP – Glenn Maxwell

Leading run scorer – Robin Uthappa

Leading wicket taker – Mohit Sharma

Women’s FA Cup Final – Arsenal bt Everton

Giro d’Italia – Quintana

Nordea Masters – Thongchai Jaidee

Jun 2

Rickie Lambert moves from Southampton to Liverpool

Jun 3

Jos Buttler run out by bowler Sachithra Senanayake for straying out of his crease. Approved by captain Angelo Mathews. Sri Lanka win series 3-2

Hashim Amla becomes the first non-white captain of South Africa

Jun 4

Championship play-off final – London Welsh bt Bristol

England draw with Ecuador at Sun Life Stadium in Miami. Full debuts for Shaw and Barkley. Raheem Sterling becomes only the second England player to be sent off in a Friendly, after Trevor Cherry

Jun 5

Mixed Doubles final – Rojer and Groenefeld bt Zimonjic and Georges

Semi-finals – Sharapova bt Bouchard, Halep bt Andrea Petkovic (Germany)

Jun 6

Semi-finals – Nadal bt Murray, Djokovic bt Gulbis

Oaks – Taghrooda (Paul Hanagan), trained by John Gosden

Isle of Man Senior TT – Michael Dunlop

Jun 7

Conrad Smith scores winning try for New Zealand against England

Final – Sharapova bt Halep

Men’s Doubles final – Benneteau and Roger-Vasselin bt Granollers and Lopez

Derby – Australia (Joseph O’Brien), trained by Aidan O’Brien. 2nd Kingston Hill, 3rd Romsdal

David Florence and Mallory Franklin both win gold at the canoe slalom World Cup at Lee Valley

England vs Honduras suspended due to thunderstorm in Miami

Belmont Stakes – Tonalist

Jun 8

Amelie Mauresmo appointed as coach of Andy Murray

Women’s Doubles final – Hsieh and Peng bt Errani and Vinci

Final – Nadal bt Djokovic. Ninth French Open title and fourteenth Grand Slam title

Canadian GP – Ricciardo, Rosberg, Vettel. First GP win for Ricciardo

World Cup of Darts final – Netherlands (van Barneveld and van Gerwen) bt England (Taylor and Lewis)

Chris Gayle – 100 Test matches

Paul Butler becomes the new IBF world bantamweight champion after defeating Stuart Hall

Jun 9

Inzaghi replaces Seedorf as manager of AC Milan

England Cricketers of the Year – Ian Bell and Charlotte Edwards

Jun 10

Alfonso Thomas takes four wickets in four balls for Somerset against Sussex

Gary Gilmour dies

Leeds Rhinos full-back Zak Hardaker is been given a five-match ban after being found guilty of homophobic abuse

Terry Butcher sacked as manager of Hibs

Hereford expelled from Football Conference following the club's failure to pay their bills. Chester are reinstated as a Conference Premier club

Jason Roy 100 off 55 balls for Surrey against Gloucestershire

Jun 12

World Cup opening ceremony held at Arena Corinthians in Sao Paulo. Song – ‘We Are One’, J-Lo and Pitbull. Ball – Adidas Brazuca

First goal scored by Marcelo (o.g.) for Croatia against Brazil

Aegon Championships (Queen’s Club) third round – Stepanek bt Murray

Fabregas moves from Barcelona to Chelsea

Sam Robson, Moeen Ali and Chris Jordan make England debuts against Sri Lanka

Jun 13

Netherlands 5 Spain 1

Men’s World Cup hockey semi-final (The Hague) – Netherlands bt England

Stanley Cup – Los Angeles Kings bt New York Rangers 4-1. Play-offs MVP (Conn Smythe Trophy) – Justin Williams

Regular season MVP (Hart Memorial Trophy) – Sidney Crosby (Pittsburgh)

Franz Beckenbauer banned from all footballing activities by Fifa for 90 days for ‘failing to co-operate’ with its inquiry into the 2018 and 2022 World Cup bidding process

David Luiz moves from Chelsea to Paris St Germain

Queen’s Birthday Honours –

Dame – Laura Davies

CBE – Charlotte Edwards

OBE – Warren Gatland

MBE – Lizzy Yarnold, Kelly Gallagher and her guide Charlotte Evans, Kevin Sinfield

Jun 14

Italy 2 (Marchisio, Balotelli) England 1 (Sturridge). Match played in Manaus

Women’s World Cup hockey final – Netherlands bt Australia

Jamie Donaldson and Hunter Mahan penalized two shots for playing each other’s balls in US Open

Jun 15

Goalline technology (GoalControl) used for the first time at a Fifa World Cup to award a goal to France against Honduras

Le Mans – Audi R18

Aegon Championships final – Dimitrov bt Lopez

Men’s World Cup hockey final – Australia 6 Netherlands 1

Bronze medal match – Argentina bt England. Argentina played with an extra player for more than two minutes

Criterium du Dauphine – Andrew Talansky (USA)

US Open (Pinehurst) – Kaymer (-9). 2nd Rickie Fowler, Erik Compton (-1)

Compton has had two heart transplants

Matt Fitzpatrick becomes the first golfer since Bobby Jones to hold low amateur medals for the US Open and the Open at same time

NBA final – San Antonio Spurs bt Miami Heat 4-1. Finals MVP – Kawhi Leonard. Regular season MVP – Kevin Durant

Aegon Nottingham Challenge. Men’s – Nick Kyrgios. Women’s – Jarmila Gajdosova

Jun 16

Muller hat-trick for Germany against Portugal

Dempsey scores for USA against Ghana after 29 seconds

BBC receives complaints from viewers about Phil Neville's BBC One commentary on England's World Cup match against Italy

First Test (Lords) England 575-9 (Root 200) and 267-8 (Ballance 104) Sri Lanka 453 (Sangakkara 147, Mathews 102) and 201-9

Ronald Koeman appointed as manager of Southampton

British Speedway Championship – Tai Woffinden

Jun 17

Marquez (Mexico) becomes first player to captain a national team in four successive World Cups

St James’s Palace Stakes – Kingman

James Vince (Hampshire) becomes the first player to score 1000 runs this season

Jun 18

Spain knocked out of World Cup by Chile

Prince of Wales’s Stakes – The Fugue

Joel Tomkins returns to Wigan from Saracens

Jun 19

Uruguay 2 (Suarez 2) England 1 (Rooney). Match played in Sao Paulo

Gold Cup – Leading Light (Joseph O’Brien), trained by Aidan O’Brien

11-year-old Lucy Li plays in US Women’s Open

Jun 20

Costa Rica beat Italy to knock England out of World Cup

England fail to qualify from group stage of World Cup for first time since 1958

Coronation Stakes – Rizeena

Broad hat-trick against Sri Lanka. Bell plays 100thTest match

Eastbourne semi-final – Madison Keys (USA) bt Watson

David Blatt, who coached Maccabi Tel Aviv to the Euroleague title, becomes the new head coach of the Cleveland Cavaliers. Blatt is the first Euroleague coach to become an NBA head coach

Jun 21

Half brothers Jerome Boateng (Germany) and Kevin-Prince Boateng (Ghana) play against each other at World Cup

Klose equals Ronaldo’s record of 15 World Cup goals. He joins Pele and Uwe Seeler as the third man to score at four World Cups

New Zealand equal the record of 17 consecutive Test victories for a top-tier nation with 35-13 win against England. Hat-trick for Julian Savea

Diamond Jubilee Stakes – Slade Power

Leading jockey at Ascot – Ryan Moore

Leading trainer at Ascot – Michael Stoute

Eastbourne finals – Lopez bt Gasquet, Keys bt Kerber

Jun 22

Austrian GP (Red Bull Ring) – Rosberg, Hamilton, Bottas. First podium finish for Bottas

US Women’s Open (Pinehurst) – Michelle Wie

Irish Open – Mikko Ilonen

The first World Cup discretionary water break is taken during a match between Portugal and the United States

Jun 23

Andrew Wiggins (Canada) is the number one overall pick in the NBA Draft by the Cleveland Cavaliers

Michael Schumacher transferred from hospital in Grenoble to a rehabilitation facility in Lausanne

Lancs 650-6 (Prince 257) against Northants

Jun 24

England 0 Costa Rica 0. Match played in Belo Horizonte

Gary Cahill was the only England player to play the entire 270 minutes of the tournament

Suarez bites the shoulder of Georgio Chiellini (Italy)

Second Test (Headingley) Sri Lanka 257 (Plunkett 5-64) and 457 (Mathews 160) England 365 (Robson 127) and 249 (Moeen 108). Sri Lanka win by 100 runs

Anderson last man out, off penultimate ball. Faced 55 balls without scoring

First time Sri Lanka have won a series in England

Wimbledon second round – Wozniacki bt Naomi Broady

Jun 25

Shiqiri hat-trick for Switzerland against Honduras

Jun 26

Suarez banned for four months and nine International matches, and fined £66,000

Second round – Kerber bt Watson

Jun 28

Clermont Foot appoint a second female coach – former France captain Corinne Diacre – as a replacement for Helena Costa

Third round – Alize Cornet bt Serena Williams

Jun 29

First mandatory three minute cooling break used in World Cup match between Netherlands and Mexico as temperatures reach 30oC

Mexico lose in last 16 for sixth successive World Cup

British Cycling National Championships. Men’s – Peter Kennaugh, Women’s – Laura Trott

British Athletics Championships held at Alexander Stadium in Birmingham

Damian D’Oliviera dies

Wuxi Classic final – Robertson bt Perry

British Jumping Derby (Hickstead) – Trevor Breen (Ireland), riding Adventure De Kannan

Irish Derby – Australia

Greyhound Derby – Salad Dodger

Jul 1

Tim Howard makes 16 saves for USA against Belgium

Fourth round – Nick Kyrgios (Australia) bt Nadal. Ranked 144, aged 19

Diego Costa moves from Atletico Madrid to Chelsea

Adam Llalana moves from Southampton to Liverpool

Roy Keane appointed as assistant manager of Aston Villa

Lou Vincent banned from cricket for life after admitting match-fixing

Jul 2

Quarter-final – Dimitrov bt Murray

Turnberry is renamed Trump Turnberry

Jul 3

Semi-finals – Kvitova bt Safarova, Bouchard bt Halep

Jul 4

Germany beat France to reach fourth successive semi-final

Semi-finals – Djokovic bt Dimitrov, Federer bt Raonic

Jul 5

Final – Kvitova bt Bouchard

Women’s doubles final – Errani and Vinci bt Babos and Mladenovic. Errani and Vinci complete career grand slam

Men’s doubles final – Pospisil and Sock bt Bryan and Bryan

Tour de France stage 1 (Leeds to Harrogate) – Marcel Kittel. Cavendish crashes and has to abandon the Tour

MCC vs Rest of the World to celebrate 200 years of Lords. Shane Warne suffers a broken hand after Brett Lee hits him with a beamer. Aaron Finch 181 for Rest of the World

Tim Krul brought on by Netherlands for penalty shootout against Costa Rica

Jul 6

Australian Open final – Trump bt Robertson

British GP – Hamilton, Bottas, Ricciardo. Raikkonen crashes into barrier with an impact of 47G

Stage 2 (York to Sheffield) – Nibali

Flintoff plays for Lancashire against Worcestershire in T20 Blast

French Open – McDowell

Final – Djokovic bt Federer

Mixed doubles final – Zimonjic and Stosur bt Mirnyi and Chan

Jul 7

Alfredo Di Stefano dies

Michael Scudamore dies

Stage 3 (Cambridge to London) – Kittel

Ashley Cole moves to Roma

Jul 8

Semi-final (Belo Horizonte) – Brazil 1 Germany 7

Klose scores record 16th goal in World Cup finals

Nike end kit deal with Man Utd

Gareth Barry moves from Man City to Everton

Dusan Tadic moves from Twente to Southampton

Jul 9

Semi-final (Sao Paulo) – Argentina 0 Netherlands 0. Argentina win 4-2 on penalties

Froome abandons tour de France

Nigeria suspended by Fifa

Jul 10

Alexis Sanchez moves from Barcelona to Arsenal

State of Origin – New South Wales bt Queensland. First win for New South Wales since 2005

Jul 11

Third place play-off – Brazil 0 Netherlands 3

Luis Suarez to move to Barcelona for £75 million

LeBron James, who opted out of the final two years of his contract with the Miami Heat, announces that he will return to the Cleveland Cavaliers, where he played for the first seven seasons of his NBA career

Four Slovenian skiing officials are suspended for allegedly rigging results so that Vanessa-Mae could compete for Thailand at the Winter Olympics

Jul 12

British Speedway GP (Millennium Stadium) – Greg Hancock

Graziano Pelle moves from Feyenoord to Southampton

Jul 13

Final (Maracana Stadium) Germany 1 (Gotze) Argentina 0. Captain – Lahm

Man of the match – Mario Gotze. Referee – Nicola Rizzoli (Italy). Germany manager – Joachim Low. Argentina manager – Alejandro Sabella

Golden ball – Messi

Golden boot – James Rodriguez

Golden glove – Neuer

171 goals were scored in World Cup

First Test (Trent Bridge) India 457 (Vijay 146) and 391-9 England 496 (Root 154, Kumar 5-82)

Anderson's 81 is the highest score by an England number 11 and the third-highest in Test history

The stand of 187 by Root and Anderson is a Test record for the tenth wicket, passing the 163 of Ashton Agar and Phil Hughes set last year

This is the first Test match where both number 11s (Anderson and Shami) have scored half-centuries and where two last-wicket partnerships have added in excess of 100

Kumar scored two fifties in the game batting at No 9 and also recorded a five wicket haul, which is a first for Test cricket

Cook takes his first Test wicket, dismissing Ishant Sharma

Women’s British Open (Royal Birkdale) – Mo Martin (USA)

Scottish Open – Rose

Tony Gallopin takes yellow jersey in Tour de France

Jul 14

Contador abandons Tour de France

Man Utd sign £750 million Adidas kit deal

Speedway Elite League team Birmingham Brummies go out of business

Jul 15

Cancellara abandons Tour de France

Jul 16

Lazar Markovic moves from Benfica to Liverpool

Jul 17

Team Sky’s Jonathan Tiernan-Locke is banned for two years and stripped of his 2012 Tour of Britain title for an anti-doping violation

Rio Ferdinand moves to QPR

Jul 19

Two-tee start used at The Open for first time due to risk of thunderstorms

Golf coach Bob Torrance dies

James Rodriguez moves from Monaco to Real Madrid for €80 million

Tony McCoy claims 4192nd career win to pass the tally of Martin Pipe

Jul 20

German GP (Hockenheimring) – Rosberg, Bottas, Hamilton

The Open (Royal Liverpool, Hoylake) – McIlroy. 2nd Fowler, Garcia

McIlroy becomes third golfer to win three Majors by the age of 25, following Nicklaus and Woods

2015 tournament will be held at St Andrews

Jul 21

Second Test (Lords) India 295 (Rahane 103) and 342 England 319 (Ballance 110, Kumar 6-82) and 223 (I Sharma 7-74). India won by 95 runs

Patrice Evra moves to Juventus

Jul 22

Sri Lankan cyclists training for Commonwealth Games stopped on M74

Jul 23

20th Commonwealth Games opening ceremony held at Celtic Park

President of the Commonwealth Games Federation HRH Prince Imran and Chris Hoy have problems opening the Queen’s Relay Baton

Games opened by The Queen

Parade of Nations – each team was led out by a Scottish Terrier, wearing a jacket bearing the name of the country. As the host of the last games, India entered first, followed by the rest of the Asian countries competing. Following this was Oceania, Africa, the Caribbean, the Americas and finally Europe

71 nations. 4947 athletes

Flag bearers – Valerie Adams (New Zealand), Kirani James (Grenada), Warren Weir (Jamaica), Keshorn Walcott (Trinidad and Tobago), Nick Matthew (England), Francesca Jones (Wales), Euan Burton (Scotland)

Mascot – Clyde, an anthropomorphic thistle

Abuja also bid for the Games

The Games are launched in partnership with UNICEF

Medalists are given a quaich, a shallow, one or two-handed wooden bowl traditionally used in Scotland from the 17th Century as a drinking cup

A total of 18 sports and 261 medal events are contested. A record 22 para-sport events are contested in five different sports

Archery and tennis from the 2010 games are replaced on the sports programme with triathlon and judo

New disciplines – triathlon mixed relay, women’s boxing

Shooting events held at Carnoustie

Diving events held at Royal Commonwealth Pool in Edinburgh

Rugby Sevens held at Ibrox

Formula One will return to Mexico in 2015

Jul 24

Jodie Stimpson (England) wins first gold medal, in women’s triathlon

Men’s triathlon – Alistair Brownlee. Silver – Jonny Brownlee

Wiggins wins silver medal in 4000m team pursuit

First Scottish gold medal won by judoka Kimberley Renicks. Her sister Louise also wins a gold medal in judo

Lampard moves to MLS side New York City

Jul 25

Rhys Williams fails drugs test

Azerbaijan to host Formula One race in 2016

Drogba re-signs for Chelsea

Sussex record 216-3 run chase against Kent in T20 Blast. Luke Wright 153

Jul 26

60-year-old Michael Gault wins bronze in 10m air pistol, his18th Commonwealth Games medal, equaling the record held by Australian shooter Phillip Adams

Euan Burton wins gold for Scotland in judo. Married to Gemma Gibbons, who wins silver medal for England in judo on the same day

Francesca Jones wins Wales' first gold medal with victory in the individual ribbon rhythmic gymnastics discipline, to add to her five silver medals

Billy Ocean’s son Anthony Bayne-Charles plays for Barbados in Rugby sevens

King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes – Taghrooda

Jul 27

Men’s marathon – Michael Shelley (Australia)

Rugby sevens – South Africa

13-year-old Erraid Davis (Scotland) wins bronze medal in Para-swimming

Hungarian GP – Rosberg, Alonso, Hamilton

La Course by Le Tour de France – Marianne Vos

Tour de France – Vincenzo Nibali (Astana). 2nd Jean-Christophe Peraud

Nibali becomes the sixth cyclist to win all three grand tours

Points – Peter Sagan

King of the Mountains – Rafal Majka

Young Rider – Thibaut Pinot

Team – Ag2r-La Mondiale

Final stage won by Kittel

Lanterne rouge – Ji Cheng, the first Chinese to compete in Le Tour de France

Geraint Thomas is the only British rider to complete the race

World Matchplay final (Blackpool) – Taylor bt van Gerwen. 15th title

British Senior Open Championship – Langer

BMX World Championships. Men’s – Sam Willoughby (Australia). Women’s – Mariana Pajon (Colombia)

Jul 28

Men’s squash final – Matthew bt Willstrop

Women’s squash final – David bt Massaro

Mark Hughes’s daughter Xenna plays hockey for Wales

Men’s 100m – Baily-Cole (Jamaica), 2nd Gemili

Women’s 100m – Blessing Okagbare (Nigeria)

Libby Clegg wins the Para-sport T11/12 100m to claim Scotland's only athletics gold medal

Men's discus throw F42/44 – Dan Greaves

Bell – 7000 Test runs

Buttler scores 85 on England debut

Kevin Pietersen signs for Melbourne Stars in Big Bash League

Jul 29

Jen McIntosh succeeds mother Shirley as Scotland's most decorated female in Commonwealth Games history with silver in the 50m rifle, winning her fifth medal

Women’s 1500m. Silver – Laura Weightman. Coached by Steve Cram

Women’s 100m freestyle – Cate and Bronte Campbell (Australia) became the first sisters to take gold and silver in the same Commonwealth Games race

Moeen Ali banned from wearing 'Save Gaza' and 'Free Palestine' wristbands

Jul 30

Lisicki – fastest women’s serve (131 mph)

Sussex Stakes – Kingman

Everton sign Chelsea striker Romelu Lukaku for a club record £28 million

Football Conference announce a new three-year sponsorship deal with online van leasing company Vanarama

Jul 31

Kiribati wins first Commonwealth Games medal – David Katoatau in weightlifting's 105kg Group A

Max Whitlock wins three gold medals in gymnastics

Claudia Fragapane wins four gold medals in gymnastics

Men’s 800m – Nijel Amos (Botswana). Silver – Rudisha

Third Test (Ageas Bowl) England 569-7 (Ballance 156, Bell 167) and 205-4 India 330 (Anderson 5-53) and 178 (Moeen 6-67). England win by 266 runs

Goodwood Cup – Cavalryman

Aug 1

Men’s pole vault – Steven Lewis bt Luke Cutts in a jump-off

Anderson and Jadeja found not guilty of breaching the International Cricket Council code of conduct following an altercation during the First Test

Aug 2

Husband and wife team Paul and Joanna Drinkhall win table tennis mixed doubles gold for England

Nicola Adams becomes first female boxing champion at Commonwealth Games

Women’s 5000m. Bronze – Jo Pavey, aged 40

Man Utd bt Real Madrid in front of a record 109,000 crowd in Michigan

Speedway World Cup (Poland) – Denmark

Super Rugby final – New South Wales Waratahs bt Canterbury Crusaders

Aug 3

Men’s road race – Geraint Thomas (Wales)

Women’s road race – Lizzy Armitstead

Husband and wife team Chris and Gabby Adcock win badminton mixed doubles gold for England

Final medal table – 1st England (58-59-57) 174, 2nd Australia, 3rd Canada, 4th Scotland (19-15-19) 53

Other gold medal winners – India, New Zealand, South Africa, Nigeria, Kenya, Jamaica, Singapore, Malaysia, Wales, Cyprus, Northern Ireland, Papua New Guinea, Cameroon, Uganda, Grenada, Botswana, Kiribati

England top medal table for first time since 1986

David Dixon Award – Francesca Jones

Commonwealth Games closing ceremony (Hampden Park)

Games closed by Prince Edward

15,000 Clydesiders volunteers at the Games

WGC-Bridgestone – McIlroy

Queen Elizabeth II Cup (Hickstead) – Trevor Breen (Ireland). Brother of Shane, who won last year

Beezie Madden (USA) becomes the first female winner of the Longines King George V Gold Cup, held at Hickstead

Lampard to join Man City on a six-month deal ending in January 2015

Aug 4

Man Utd bt Liverpool in Miami

Aug 5

Salisbury City lose Conference expulsion appeal

Women’s rugby World Cup group match – Ireland bt New Zealand

Jack Rodwell moves from Man City to Sunderland

San Antonio Spurs hire Women's NBA star Becky Hammon as assistant coach, making her the first woman to join an NBA coaching staff

Aug 6

Champions League third qualifying round – Legia Warsaw bt Celtic

Aug 7

Six ducks in Indian first innings of Fourth Test, equaling the Test record

Steve Stricker named as America’s third Ryder Cup vice-captain

Aug 8

Celtic reinstated in Champions League as Legia Warsaw fielded as ineligible player

JP Morgan Premiership 7s – Gloucester

Aug 9

Pankaj Singh takes first Test wicket after a record 416 balls

Ride London GP women’s race – Georgia Bronzini (Italy)

Fourth Test (Old Trafford) India 152 (Broad 6-25) and 161 England 367. England won by an innings and 54 runs

Stuart Broad’s nose broken after he top-edged the ball between the grille and peak of his helmet

Aug 10

Vermaelen move from Arsenal to Barcelona

Frank Maloney undergoing gender reassignment and now lives as a woman called Kellie

Ride London GP men’s race – Adam Blythe

Community Shield – Arsenal bt Man City

US PGA (Valhalla, Kentucky) – McIlroy. 2nd Mickelson

Fowler finished in top five in all four Majors

Aug 11

Eliaquim Mangala moves from Porto to Man City

Aug 12

European Athletics Championships start at Letzigrund Stadium in Zurich

Mascot – Colly, a cow

Women’s 10000m – Pavey

Uefa Super Cup (Cardiff City Stadium) – Real Madrid bt Sevilla

Capital One Cup first round – Dagenham and Redbridge 6 Brentford 6 (after extra time)

Aug 13

Men’s 10000m – Farah. Silver – Andy Vernon

Women’s 100m. Bronze – Ashleigh Nelson

Women’s 100m hurdles – Porter

Men’s 100m – Dasalou. Bronze – Aikines-Aryeety

Women’s rugby union World Cup semi-final – England bt Ireland

Copa Libertadores – San Lorenzo (Argentina)

World’s strongest man – Zydrunas Savickas from Lithuania wins for the fourth time. 5th Terry Hollands (UK)

Aug 14

French steeplechaser Mahiedine Mekhissi-Benabbad is disqualified and stripped of gold at the European Championships for removing his shirt during the race

Men’s 110m hurdles. Silver – Will Sharman

Tony Pulis leaves Crystal Palace

Aug 15

Men’s 200m – Gemili

Men’s 400m – Rooney. Silver – Matthew Hudson-Smith

Men’s 800m. Bronze – Mark English (Ireland)

Men’s 400m hurdles – Kariem Hussein (Switzerland)

Women’s 200m – Schippers. Silver – Jodie Williams

Women’s 1500m. Bronze – Laura Weightman

Diafra Sakho moves from Metz to West Ham

Aug 16

Women’s 800m. Silver – Lynsey Sharp

Women’s 400m hurdles – Eilidh Child

Scott Brash wins London leg of Global Champions Tour held at Horse Guards Parade

Australia deny New Zealand a record 18th straight Test win as they draw in the opening game of the Rugby Championship

First goal in Premier League scored by Ki (Swansea)

Vanishing spray used in Premier League for the first time

Premier League shirt sponsors. Burnley – fun88, Crystal Palace – Neteller, Hull City – 12BET, Leicester City – King Power, Man Utd – Chevrolet, QPR – AirAsia, Southampton – Veho, Stoke City – Bet365, Sunderland – BFS Group, Tottenham – AIA, WBA – Intuit QuickBooks

Kell Brook from Sheffield becomes the new IBF welterweight champion

Caribbean Premier League (CPL T20) – Barbados Tridents

Arlington Million – Hardest Core

Aug 17

Men’s 1500m – Mahiedine Mekhissi-Benabbad. Bronze – Chris O’Hare

Men’s 5000m – Farah. Bronze – Andy Vernon. Farah wins record fifth gold medal in European Championships

Men’s long jump – Rutherford. Only British athlete to win gold medals at 2014 Commonwealth Games and European Championships

Women’s 4x400m. Bronze – GB

GB win gold in men’s 4x100m, men’s 4x400m and women’s 4x100m relays

Final medal table. 1st GB (12-5-6) 23. 2nd France

Other gold medal winners – Germany, Russia, Netherlands, Poland, Ukraine, Spain, Italy, Belarus, Sweden, Czech Republic, Croatia, Finland, Hungary, Switzerland

Fifth Test (The Oval) India 148 and 94 England 486 (Root 149). England won by an innings and 244 runs. England win series 3-1

Man of the series – Anderson

Herath 9-127 for Sri Lanka against Pakistan

Women’s rugby union World Cup final (Paris) – England bt Canada. Emily Scarratt 16 points. Captain – Katy McLean

LPGA Championship – Inbee Park

Pedroso wins Czech MotoGP to deny Marquez a record 11th victory in a row

London Broncos bt Leeds Rhinos to win first match of the season at the 24th attempt

Summer Youth Olympics start in Nanjing

Jayawardene retires from Test cricket

Aug 18

European Aquatics Championships start in Berlin

5km open water swimming – Daniel Fogg

Max Verstappen to drive for Toro Rosso next season. Verstappen, who turns 17 next month, is the son of former Formula 1 driver Jos

Aug 19

Men’s 100m backstroke – Chris Walker-Hebborn

Men’s 100m breaststroke – Adam Peaty

4x100m mixed medley – GB

Aug 20

Women’s 800m freestyle – Jazz Carlin

Three-time Le Mans 24 Hours winner Andre Lotterer will replace Japan's Kamui Kobayashi at Caterham for the Belgian Grand Prix

Aug 21

Malky Mackay apologizes for sending two text messages he admits were ‘disrespectful of other cultures’

Aug 22

Adam Peaty breaks 50m breaststroke world record

Women’s 10m platform – Sarah Barrow

50th anniversary of Match of the Day. Barry Davies returns for one-off commentary on Crystal Palace vs West Ham

Aug 23

Men’s 50m breaststroke – Adam Peaty

Women’s 50m backstroke – Fran Halsall

Katie Ledecky breaks her own world record for the 400 metres freestyle

Challenge Cup final – Leeds bt Castleford. Lance Todd Trophy – Ryan Hall

Twenty20 Blast finals (Edgbaston). Semi-finals – Warwicks bt Surrey, Lancs bt Hampshire. Final – Warwicks bt Lancs. Warwicks are also known as Birmingham Bears

Aug 24

Belgium GP – Ricciardo, Rosberg, Bottas

Rosberg collides with Hamilton

Diamond League meeting at Alexander Stadium, Birmingham. Includes Emsley Carr mile

Czech Masters – Jamie Donaldson

Women’s 50m freestyle – Fran Halsall

Women’s 400m freestyle – Jazz Carlin

GB top medal table at European Aquatics Championships

World Rowing Championships start in Amsterdam

Aug 25

Algeria suspends football indefinitely following the death of Cameroonian player Albert Ebosse Bodjongo, who was hit by a stone thrown by fans

World Equestrian Games start in Caen. Horseball is a demonstration sport

Aug 26

US Open first round – CiCi Bellis (USA, aged 15) bt Cibulkova

Balotelli moves from AC Milan to Liverpool for £16 million

Angel Di Maria moves from Real Madrid to Man Utd for a British record transfer fee of £59.7 million

Capital One Cup second round – MK Dons 4 Man Utd 0

Champions League fourth qualifying round – NK Maribor bt Celtic

Aug 27

Dressage – Charlotte Dujardin on Valegro

Hales makes ODI debut in second match against India. Raina 100

Neil Warnock appointed as manager of Crystal Palace

Aug 28

Rooney is named England captain

Europa League – Lokeren (Belgium) bt Hull City

UEFA Best Player in Europe Award – Ronaldo

Aug 30

Torres moves to AC Milan on two-year loan

Everton 3 Chelsea 6

World Triathlon Series (Women) – Gwen Jorgensen (USA)

Men’s four – GB

Women’s pair – GB (Heather Stanning and Helen Glover)

Indy Car series title – Will Power (Team Penske)

Aug 31

Zimbabwe beat Australia in ODI for first time since 1983

Eventing. Bronze – William Fox-Pitt on Chilli Morning

World Triathlon Series (Men) – Javier Gomez

Men’s eight – GB

New Zealand top the medal table at World Rowing Championships

Loic Remy moves from QPR to Chelsea

Shinji Kagawa moves from Man Utd to Borussia Dortmund

Anita Włodarczyk of Poland set a new world record in the women's hammer throw

Sep 1

Danny Welbeck moves from Man Utd to Arsenal

Daley Blind moves from Ajax to Man Utd

Radamel Falcao moves from Monaco to Man Utd on loan

Hull City sign Uruguay striker Abel Hernandez from Palermo for a club record £10m fee

Major field hockey games will change from a game of two 35-minute halves to a game of four 15-minute quarters

Sep 2

Ryder Cup captains’ picks. Europe – Stephen Gallacher, Ian Poulter and Lee Westwood. USA – Keegan Bradley, Hunter Mahan and Webb Simpson

Rahane 106 in fourth ODI

Sep 3

McGinley announces that Miguel Angel Jimenez, Padraig Harrington and Jose María Olazabal will join his backroom team, making five vice-captains in total

John Stones makes debut for England against Norway

US Open quarter-final – Djokovic bt Murray

Sep 4

World Club Challenge expands to six teams from 2015

Sep 5

Women’s vaulting – Joanne Eccles on WH Bentley

Root 113 in fifth ODI. India win series 3-1

Eoin Morgan – 100 ODIs for England

Diamond League finishes in Brussels. Overall winners –

100m – Justin Gatlin

200m – Alonso Edward

400m – Lashawn Merritt

Women’s 100m – Veronica Campbell-Brown

Women’s 200m – Allyson Felix

Women’s 400m – Novlene Williams-Mills

Valerie Adams was unbeaten in the shot put

Coventry City return to Ricoh Arena

Semi-finals – Wozniacki bt Peng, Williams bt Makarova

Sep 6

Jordanne Whiley (GB) wins wheelchair doubles to complete a calendar-year Grand Slam

Semi-finals – Cilic bt Federer, Niskikori bt Djokovic. First Asian man to reach a grand slam final

Women’s doubles final – Makarova and Vesnina bt Hingis and Pennetta

Stokes 164 against Notts in One-Day Cup semi-final

Ohoruogu wins 500m at Great CityGames in Newcastle

Sep 7

GB tops the medals table at World Equestrian Games. Won four gold medals in para-dressage (Sophie Christiansen and Lee Pearson)

Men’s doubles final – Bryan and Bryan bt Granollers and Lopez. 100th career title

Women’s final – Williams bt Wozniacki. 18th grand slam win, equaling the record of Evert and Navratilova

Italian GP – Hamilton, Rosberg, Massa

Modern Pentathlon World Championships (Warsaw) – Samantha Murray

Northern Ireland win in Hungary, their first away win in 18 games

Gibraltar lose first competitive match, 7-0 to Poland. Played in Faro

European Masters – David Lipsky (USA)

Andrew Nicholson (New Zealand) creates eventing history at the Land Rover Burghley Horse Trials, becoming the first rider to win a four-star event three consecutive years with the same horse (Avebury)

Sep 8

A TV replay system allowing coaches to challenge a referee's decision may be trialed next year

Italy's Gianluca Brambilla and Russia's Ivan Rovny are thrown out of the Vuelta a Espana for fighting

Austrian footballer banned for 70 matches for headbutting a referee

Men’s final – Cilic bt Nishikori. First grand slam final since January 2005 (Safin bt Hewitt) without Djokovic, Federer or Nadal

Welbeck scores twice for England against Switzerland in first Euro 2016 qualifier

Baltimore Ravens terminate the contract of running back Ray Rice after videos emerge of an assault on his then fiancée

Sep 9

Yorkshire captain Andrew Gale is banned for the final two matches of the County Championship after an altercation with Lancashire batsman Ashwell Prince

Sep 10

Magic Weekend 2015 to be held at St James’s Park

Ferrari's Luca Di Montezemolo is to step down as long-time chairman of the Formula 1 team

Glos 646 (Alex Gidman 264) against Leics. Gidman’s innings was the highest individual score in the County Championship. Atif Sheikh hat-trick in the same innings

Saeed Ajmal suspended for illegal bowling action

Sep 11

Athletics events at Invictus Games held at Lee Valley Athletics Centre

Wheelchair rugby and basketball held at Copper Box Arena

Ed Ling wins Britain's first medal of the ISSF Shooting World Championships in Granada, winning silver in the men's trap

Sep 12

Yorkshire bt Notts to win first County Championship since 2001

Minor Counties Championship final – Staffs bt Wiltshire

WNBA finals – Phoenix Mercury bt Chicago Sky

Chris Cairns to be charged with perjury in relation to a 2012 libel trial regarding allegations of match fixing made by former Indian Premier League boss Lalit Modi

Sep 13

St Leger – Kingston Hill (Andrea Atzeni), trained by Roger Varian

Lucas Di Grassi wins first Formula E race, in Beijing

Diego Costa hat-trick for Chelsea against Swansea. Costa is only the second player in Premier League history in score in each of his first four games (along with Micky Quinn for Coventry in 1992)

Adrian Peterson, running back for the Minnesota Vikings, is indicted on child abuse charges stemming from an incident in which he spanked his 4-year-old son with a tree branch

Sep 14

League Leaders’ Shield – St Helens

FIBA Basketball World Cup final (Madrid) – USA bt Serbia

KLM Open – Paul Casey. Nuneaton golfer Andy Sullivan wins a trip to space next year after a hole-in-one

Evian Championship – Kim Hyo-Joo (Korea)

Billy Horschel wins the Tour Championship and with it the overall FedEx Cup title and £6 million bonus

Shanghai Masters final – Bingham bt Allen

Tour of Spain – Contador (Team Tinkoff-Saxo). 2nd Froome. Third win for Contador

Tour of Britain – Dylan van Baarle (Netherlands). 3rd Wiggins

Antonio Cairoli wins Motocross World Championship for sixth successive year

Sep 15

Britain's Elena Allen wins team gold and individual silver in the women's skeet at the Shooting World Championships

Women’s county championship – Kent

Sep 16

Ludogorets Razgrad (Bulgaria) and Malmo FF make their debut appearances in the group stage of the Champions League

Balotelli scores first goal for Liverpool, against Ludogorets

Lamar Hunt U.S. Open Cup final – Seattle Sounders bt Philadelphia Union

Sep 17

Chris Rushworth takes 15 wickets in a day (9-52 and 6-43) for Durham against Northants

Sep 18

Germany's Jens Voigt sets a new track cycling hour record of 51.1km in Switzerland

Solskjaer resigns as manager of Cardiff

Magath sacked as manager of Fulham

Royal and Ancient Golf Club votes in favour of allowing women members for the first time in its 260-year history

Giles Scott wins gold in Finn class at ISAF Sailing World Championships in Santander

San Siro to host 2016 Champions League final

St. Jakob-Park in Basel to host 2016 Europa League final

Sep 19

Wembley to host Euro 2020 semi-finals and final

Li Na retires

Asian Games start in Incheon

Sep 20

Royal London One-Day Cup final – Durham bt Warwicks

La Liga – Deportiva La Coruna 2 Real Madrid 8

Sep 21

Cycling Road World Championships start in Ponferrada, Spain

Leicester 5 Man Utd 3

Singapore GP – Hamilton, Vettel, Ricciardo

Italian Open – Hennie Otto

All-Ireland Gaelic Football Final – Kerry bt Donegal

Sep 23

Women’s time trial – Lisa Brennauer (Germany)

Capital One Cup third round – Liverpool bt Middlesbrough 14-13 on penalties

Sep 24

Men’s time trial – Wiggins

Man City 7 Sheffield Wednesday 0

Marvan Atapattu appointed as head coach of Sri Lanka

Sep 25

Estimate stripped of second place in this year's Gold Cup at Royal Ascot after testing positive for morphine

Sep 26

County Championship – Yorkshire. 2nd Warwicks

Relegated – Lancs, Northants

Promoted – Hampshire, Worcs

Most runs – James Vince (Hampshire)

Most wickets – Mark Footitt (Derbyshire)

Cricket match played on Mount Kilimanjaro

Sep 27

Women’s road race – Pauline Ferrand-Prevot (France)

Rugby League Writers’ Association Player of the Year – Jamie Peacock

Cambridgeshire Handicap – Bronze Angel

AFL Grand Final – Hawthorn bt Sydney Swans

All-Ireland Hurling Final replay – Kilkenny by Tipperary

Sep 28

Men’s road race – Michał Kwiatkowski (Poland)

Shenzhen Open – Murray. First win since Wimbledon last year

Berlin marathon – Dennis Kimetto (Kenya), in a world record time of 2 hours 2 minutes 57 seconds

UCI BMX Supercross Series world title – Liam Phillips

Rugby Championship – New Zealand

Messi scores 400th career goal

ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships (USA) –

Women’s C-1 Canoe. Silver – Mallory Franklin (GB)

Women’s K-1 Kayak. Silver – Fiona Pennie (GB)

Glasgow City secure a eighth successive Scottish Women's Premier League title

Ryder Cup (Gleneagles) – Europe 16 ½ USA 11 ½

Donaldson won point for Europe that secured Ryder Cup

Leading points scorers – Rose 4, Reed 3 ½

No points – Gallacher and Watson

Europe team – Bjorn, Donaldson, Dubuisson, Gallagher, Garcia, Kaymer, McDowell, McIlroy, Poulter, Rose, Stenson, Westwood

USA team – Bradley, Fowler, Furyk, Kuchar, Zach Johnson, Mahan, Mickelson, Reed, Simpson, Spieth, Walker, Watson

Ryder Cup 2016 will take place at Hazeltine National Golf Club, Minnesota

Sep 30

Totti, aged 38, becomes oldest goal scorer in European club competitions, for Roma against Man City

Oct 1

PGA Player of the Year – McIlroy

Welbeck hat-trick against Galatasaray

Oct 2

Professional Cricketers' Association player of the year – Adam Lyth

Professional Cricketers' Association young player of the year – Alex Lees

CLT20 semi finals – Kolkata bt Hobart Hurricanes, Chennai bt Kings XI Punjab

Oct 3

World Gymnastics Championships start in Nanning (China)

Oct 4

South Africa end New Zealand’s 22-match unbeaten run

Richie McCaw breaks Colin Meads’ record of 133 caps for New Zealand

Vettel to move to Ferrari next season

CLT20 final – Chennai Super Kings (Raina 109) bt Kolkata Knight Riders

NRL Grand Final – South Sydney Rabbitohs bt Canterbury Bulldogs

Oct 5

Japanese GP – Hamilton, Rosberg, Ricciardo

Bianchi crashes into a recovery vehicle removing Sutil’s car

Andrea De Cesaris dies. He started 208 races in his Formula 1 career between 1980 and 1994, but never won a Grand Prix, a record for the most races without a win

Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe – Treve (Thierry Jarnet), trained by Criquette Head-Maarek. First horse since Alleged in 1978 to win consecutive runnings of Europe's richest race

Alfred Dunhill Links – Oliver Wilson

Championship Grand Final – Leigh bt Featherstone Rovers

Oct 6

Russell Slade appointed as manager of Cardiff

Oct 8

Wasps to move to Ricoh Arena in December

Steve Prescott Man of Steel – Daryl Clark (Castleford)

Oct 9

Men’s all-around – Kohei Uchimura (Japan). Fifth consecutive win. Silver – Max Whitlock

Colsaerts shoots 60 in Portugal Masters

Oct 10

Women’s all-around – Simone Biles (USA)

Graham Miles dies

Oct 11

Cesarewitch – Big Easy

Super League final – St Helens bt Wigan. Harry Sunderland Trophy – James Roby

Ben Flower (Wigan) sent off in second minute for punching Lance Hohaia

Speedway Grand Prix (World Championship) – Greg Hancock

Panthers 37 Bengals 37. Highest-scoring tie game ever in NFL

Oct 12

Russian GP (Sochi Autodrome) – Hamilton, Rosberg, Bottas

McLaren win constructor’s championship

Ironman World Championship (Hawaii) –

Men’s – Sebastian Kienle (Germany)

Women’s – Mirinda Carfrae (Australia). 3rd Rachel Joyce (GB)

World Grand Prix final (Dublin) – Van Gerwen bt Wade

Wade threw the second ever double-start nine-dart finish in his second round match against Robert Thornton, who repeated the feat a few legs later with the two players becoming the first to both hit nine darters in the same match in the history of darts

Liverpool retain their Women's Super League title on goal difference from Chelsea

Simone Biles wins four gold medals at gymnastics World Championships

Neil Lennon appointed as manager of Bolton

British Touring Car Championship – Colin Turkington

Winmau World Masters – Martin Phillips

Oct 14

Serbia’s match against Albania is abandoned after a drone carrying a Greater Albania flag is flown into the stadium, leading to a brawl and pitch invasion

Ben Flower banned for six months. Lance Hohaia banned for one match

Oct 15

Volvo World Matchplay Championship starts at London Golf Club in Kent

Grand Slam of Golf (Bermuda) – Martin Kaymer bt Bubba Watson in play-off. 3rd McIlroy. 4th Furyk

Oct 16

FA WSL Continental Cup final – Man City bt Arsenal

A statue honouring Arthur Wharton, the first black professional association football player, is unveiled at St George's Park National Football Centre in Burton

Oct 17

West Indies withdraw from tour of India because of a pay dispute

Oct 18

Aguero scores four goals for Man City against Spurs

Southampton 8 Sunderland 0

Champion Stakes – Noble Mission, younger brother of Frankel

Sakho has scored 6 goals in his last 6 games for West Ham

Oct 19

Volvo World Matchplay final – Ilonen bt Stenson. Third-place play-off – Joost Luiten (Netherlands) bt George Coetzee (South Africa)

Peyton Manning breaks Brett Favre’s NFL record of 508 touchdown passes

World cliff diving championships – Gary Hunt (GB)

British Superbike Championship – Shane Byrne

Richard Dunne (QPR) scores his tenth own goal in the Premier League

European Track Cycling Championships (France) –

Men’s individual pursuit – Andy Tennant

Men’s 1km time trial – Callum Skinner

Women’s individual pursuit – Katie Archibald

Oct 20

Russian Tennis Federation president Shamil Tarpischev banned for a year for describing the Williams sisters as ‘brothers’

Speedway Elite League final – Poole Pirates bt Coventry Bees

Oct 21

40 goals scored in eight Champions League matches

Chelsea 6 NK Maribor 0

BATE Borisov 0 Shaktar Donetsk 7 (Luiz Adriano 5)

Roma 1 Bayern Munich 7

Oct 23

Erik Lamela scores ‘rabona’ goal for Spurs against Asteras Tripolis. Harry Kane scores a hat-trick

Oct 24

League of Ireland – Dundalk

Oct 25

Birmingham 0 Bournemouth 8

George North scores four tries for Northampton against Ospreys

Oct 26

WTA Championships final (Singapore) – Williams bt Halep

European Darts Championship final (Germany) – Van Gerwen bt Jenkins. Ninth loss in a PDC final for Jenkins

WSL 2 – Sunderland

Orlando Pirates goalkeeper and South Africa's football captain Senzo Meyiwa is shot dead

Oct 27

World Billiards Championship – Pankaj Advani (points and timed)

Oct 29

Capital One Cup – Newcastle bt Man City

World Series – San Francisco Giants bt Kansas City Royals 4-3. MVP – Madison Bumgarner. Giants become the first team since the 1979 Pittsburgh Pirates to win a Series Game 7 on the road

Oct 30

Austria's Matthias Brandle sets a new track cycling hour world record of 51.85 km

Nov 1

Breeders’ Cup Classic – Bayern. America’s richest horse race

AFC Champions League – Western Sydney Wanderers

CAF Champions League – ES Setif (Algeria)

Nov 2

Pakistan's Misbah-ul-Haq scores the fastest half-century in Test cricket (21 balls) and equals the century record (56 balls) of Viv Richards, against Australia

Carterham and Marussia teams miss US Grand Prix

US Grand Prix – Hamilton, Rosberg, Ricciardo

Hamilton breaks Mansell’s British record of 32 GP wins

Superbike World Championship – Sylvain Guintoli (France), riding an Aprilia. 2nd Tom Sykes. 3rd Jonathan Rea

Nov 4

Melbourne Cup – Protectionist (Ryan Moore). Two horses died after the race

Nov 7

Shakib Al Hasan becomes the third player in history (after Botham and Imran Khan) to take 10 wickets and score a century in a Test match, for Bangladesh against Zimbabwe

Nov 8

Jonny May scores his first try for England, against New Zealand

Four Nations final standings – 1st New Zealand, 2nd Australia, 3rd England, 4th Samoa

Champion jockey – Richard Hughes

Champion apprentice jockey – Oisin Murphy

Champion trainer – Mark Johnston

Nov 9

Brazilian GP – Rosberg, Hamilton, Massa

Fed Cup final – Czech Republic bt Germany

Champion of Champions final – O’Sullivan bt Trump

WGC-HSBC Champions tournament (Shanghai) – Bubba Watson

MotoGP final standings – 1st Marquez (Honda), 2nd Rossi (Yamaha), 3rd Lorenzo (Yamaha)

Marquez won 13 races

Constructors’ champion – Honda

Moto2 – Esteve Rabat

Moto3 – Alex Marquez, brother of Marc Marquez

Nov 11

David Moyes appointed as manager of Real Sociedad

Vanessa-Mae banned from skiing for four years after results in Slovenia were manipulated to help her qualify for the Sochi Winter Olympics

Morocco will not host 2015 Africa Cup of Nations after requesting a postponement of the tournament due to the Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa

Cartier racehorse of the year – Kingman

Nov 13

Rohit Sharma hits record 264 in ODI against Sri Lanka

ATP World Tour Finals Group B – Federer by Murray 6-0 6-1

Raonic withdraws due to injury and is replaced by Ferrer

Women’s Champions League last-16 – Bristol Academy bt Barcelona

BHA reveal that Wetherby’s Charlie Hill Chase was run over a distance shorter than advertised after a recent visit to the track unearthed that four of the 12 available distances at Wetherby are incorrect

Jimmy Floyd Hasselbaink appointed as manager of Burton Albion

Nov 14

International Cricket Council awards –

Sir Garfield Sobers Trophy for ICC cricketer of the year: Mitchell Johnson

Test cricketer of the year: Mitchell Johnson

ODI cricketer of the year: AB De Villiers

Women's ODI cricketer of the year: Sarah Taylor

Emerging cricketer of the year: Gary Ballance

ATP World Tour final tables –

Group A – Djokovic, Wawrinka, Berdych, Cilic

Group B – Federer, Nishikori, Murray, Raonic / Ferrer

CAF announce that Equatorial Guinea will host the 2015 Africa Cup of Nations

Nov 15

Four Nations Final (Wellington) – New Zealand bt Australia

Eastleigh vs Lincoln postponed after sauna explodes at Hilton Southampton

Rooney presented with golden cap by Bobby Charlton before winning 100th England cap, against Slovenia. Debut for Nathaniel Clyne

San Marino gain first ever point in European Championships, against Estonia

Semi-finals – Djokovic bt Nishikori, Federer bt Wawrinka

World Athletes of the Year – Renaud Lavillenie and Valerie Adams

Paddy Power Gold Cup – Caid Du Berlais

Nov 16

Barclays ATP World Tour final – Djokovic bt Federer, who withdrew through injury

Doubles final – Bryan and Bryan bt Dodig and Melo

Wasps bt London Welsh 71-7 in their final Premiership game at Adams Park before moving to Coventry

World champion Sebastien Ogier wins Wales Rally GB, driving a Volkswagen Polo R

Dessie Hughes dies

Grand Slam of Darts final – Taylor bt Chisnall

NASCAR Sprint Cup – Kevin Harvick

Sir Henry Cotton Rookie of the Year award – Brooks Koepka

Nov 18

Giancarlo Stanton agrees the most expensive ever deal in United States sport by signing a $325 million 13-year contract with Miami Marlins

Scotland 1 England 3. Match played at Celtic Park. First match in Scotland between the two countries since 1999

Doha to stage 2019 World Athletics Championships

Nov 19

Sunday Times and Sky Sports Sportswomen of the Year – Charlotte Dujardin

Young Sportswoman of the Year – Claudia Fragapane

Nov 20

Cheshire Phoenix sign Paul Sturgess, the world’s tallest basketball player (7’ 7”)

Convicted rapist Ched Evans is no longer allowed to train with Sheffield Utd

Malky Mackay appointed as manager of Wigan

National League MVP – Clayton Kershaw (LA Dodgers). American League MVP – Mike Trout (LA Angels)

Nov 21

World Championship squash (Doha) – Ramy Ashour (Egypt)

Nov 22

Scott Quigg defends his WBA world super-bantamweight title

Jamie McDonnell defends his WBA world bantamweight title

Nov 23

Will Stevens makes F1 debut for Caterham

Abu Dhabi GP – Hamilton, Massa, Bottas

Final standings – 1st Hamilton 384 points, 2nd Rosberg 317 points, 3rd Ricciardo

Constructors – 1st Mercedes, 2nd Red Bull, 3rd Williams

Hamilton won 11 races

Mercedes won 16 races

Rosberg wins the inaugural Pole Trophy

Hamilton becomes third British double-champion and first Mercedes champion since Fangio

World Tour Championship (Dubai) – Stenson

Davis Cup final (Lille) – Switzerland bt France. First title for Switzerland

Karen Carney wins 100th cap for England, against Germany. First women’s international played at Wembley

Nov 24

Shortlist for Sports Personality of the Year award – Bale, Dujardin, Froch, Gallagher and guide Evans, Hamilton, McIlroy, Pavey, Peaty, Whitlock, Yarnold

Nov 25

Aguero hat-trick against Bayern Munich

Nov 26

Gulf Cup of Nations final (Riyadh) – Qatar bt Saudi Arabia

Nov 27

Phillip Hughes dies two days after being struck on the head by a bouncer from Sean Abbott while playing in a Sheffield Shield match for South Australia against New South Wales

Three pitch invasions at Spurs vs Partizan Belgrade match. All three men wore t-shirts emblazoned with the logo of a company called BassBuds, headphone manufacturers who had a sponsorship deal with Tottenham

Andy Murray gets engaged to Kim Sears

Double points scheme in F1 to be scrapped next season

WTA Tour Player of the Year – Serena Williams

Wigan chairman Dave Whelan is charged by the Football Association with an aggravated breach of its rules following his comments about Jewish and Chinese people

William Hill Sports Book of the Year – ‘Night Games: Sex, Power and a Journey into the Dark Heart of Sport’, Anna Krien

Stephanie Gilmore wins her sixth women's world surfing title

Nov 28

International Premier Tennis League starts in Manila. Teams – Indian Aces, Manila Mavericks (including Andy Murray), Singapore Slammers and UAE Royals

Carlos Sainz Jr. to replace Jean-Eric Vergne in Toro Rosso team next season

Nov 29

Hennessey Gold Cup – Many Clouds

Gareth Steenson kicks nine penalties for Exeter against Saracens

Tyson Fury beats Dereck Chisora in world title eliminator

UK Championship second round – David Morris bt Selby

European Curling Championships (Switzerland) –

Men's team – Sweden

Women's team – Switzerland

Nov 30

Phillip Hughes's final innings is adjusted to show him being 63 not out

Bryony Shaw wins gold in women's RS:X windsurfing at the inaugural Sailing World Cup Final in Abu Dhabi

Players Championship final (Minehead) – Anderson bt Lewis, to win his first PDC ranking title

Grey Cup – Calgary Stampeders bt Hamilton Tiger-Cats

Japan Cup – Epiphaneia

Australian Open – Jordan Speith

2015 British Figure Skating Championships. Men – Phillip Harris. Women – Karly Robertson

Dec 1

Thierry Henry leaves New York Red Bulls

BBC African Player of the Year – Yacine Brahimi (Algeria). Plays for Porto

Dec 2

UK Championship third round – James Cahill bt Ding Junhui

IRB Awards –

World Player of the Year – Brodie Retallick (New Zealand)

Team of the Year – New Zealand

Coach of the Year – Steve Hansen

Dec 4

O’Sullivan 147 against Matthew Selt

Dec 6

Chelsea lose unbeaten record from start of season at Newcastle

Dec 7

Hero World Challenge – Jordan Speith

MLS Cup final – La Galaxy bt New England Revolution. Winning goal scored by Robbie Keane

UK Championship final – O’Sullivan bt Trump

Alia Atkinson (Jamaica) wins gold in 100m backstroke at the World Short Course Championships in Doha, becoming the first black woman to win a world swimming title

Dec 9

Liverpool knocked out of Champions League after drawing with Basel

Dec 11

Root 104 in fifth ODI against Sri Lanka

Alonso to drive for McLaren next season

Varsity match – Oxford bt Cambridge

Ding Junhui becomes world number one for the first time

Dec 13

Charley Hull wins European Order of Merit

International Premier Tennis League – Indian Aces

Dec 14

Kobe Bryant moves to third on the all-time point scorer list overtaking Michael Jordan

Gemma Steel wins Women’s European Cross Country Championships, held in Bulgaria

BBC Sports Personality of the Year (SSE Hydro, Glasgow) 1st Hamilton, 2nd McIlroy, 3rd Pavey

Overseas Personality – Christiano Ronaldo

Coach – Paul McGinley

Team – England women’s Rugby World Cup

Young Personality – Claudia Fragapane

Lifetime Achievement Award – Chris Hoy

Helen Rollason award – Competitors at the Invictus Games. Award presented by Prince Harry

Unsung hero – Jill Stidever

Dec 15

The Olympic mascot for Rio 2016 will be called Vinicius and the Paralympic mascot Tom

The FA Cup second-round tie between MK Dons and Chesterfield is to be replayed after Chesterfield fielded an ineligible player in the original game

Race to Dubai European Tour Golfer of the Year – McIlroy

Dec 16

Sri Lanka win ODI series 5-2. Man of the series – Dilshan

Fifa's independent ethics investigator Michael Garcia resigns from that position in protest over the organization's handling of his compiled report on corruption allegations in connection with the bidding process for the 2018 and 2022 Fifa World Cups

Dec 17

FA Cup second round – Scunthorpe bt Worcester City 14-13 on penalties

Dec 18

International Tennis Federation World Champions – Djokovic and Serena Williams

Dec 19

Morgan replaces Cook at ODI captain

Dec 20

Nicol David wins her eighth title at World Squash Championship, held in Cairo

Austin hat-trick for QPR against WBA

Fifa Club World Cup final (Marrakesh) – Real Madrid bt San Lorenzo

Third place play-off – Auckland City bt Cruz Azul

Dec 21

Andy Goode 33 points for Wasps against London Irish in first match at Ricoh Arena

Dec 22

Ben Maher is crowned the leading rider at the London International Horse Show at Olympia, and also wins Grand Prix finale

Dec 26

King George VI Chase – Silviniaco Conti

Gareth Barry becomes first player in Premier League to receive 100 yellow cards

Dec 27

Welsh National – Emperor’s Choice

Neil Warnock sacked as manager of Crystal Palace

Dec 28

Former Tottenham and England defender Ron Henry dies

Dec 29

Wild Oats XI wins Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race for the eighth time

Dec 30

Tony Pulis replaces Alan Irvine as manager of WBA

Adrian Lewis throws a nine-dart finish against van Barneveld

Dec 31

New Years Honours –

Companion of Honour – Mary Peters

CBE – Steve Cram

OBE – Brendon Batson

MBE – Sarah Hunter and Rochelle Clark (England rugby union), Patrick Barnes, Euan Burton, Kate Walsh, Wendy Sly

Sport and Leisure/Sport 2013

2021-04-18T22:52:16Z

Admin: Created page with "Jan 1 Antwerp is the European Capital of Sport 2013 (Cardiff in 2014) Christopher Martin-Jenkins dies PDC final – Taylor bt van Gerwen to win his 16th title Jan 2 New..."

Jan 1

Antwerp is the European Capital of Sport 2013 (Cardiff in 2014)

Christopher Martin-Jenkins dies

PDC final – Taylor bt van Gerwen to win his 16th title

Jan 2

New Zealand bowled out 45 by South Africa (Philander 5-7)

Kallis – 13,000 Test runs

Daniel Sturridge moves from Chelsea to Liverpool

Jan 4

Demba Ba moves from Newcastle to Chelsea

Kevin-Prince Boateng (AC Milan) walks off pitch due to racist chants, causing match against Pro Patria to be abandoned

Jan 5

Welsh Grand National – Monbeg Dude (Paul Carberry)

FA Cup third round – Macclesfield bt Cardiff, Luton bt Wolves

Defending champion Christian Kist is knocked out of the BDO World Darts Championships in the opening round by Robbie Green

Hopman Cup final – Spain (Verdasco and Medina Garrigues) bt Serbia (Djokovic and Ivanovic)

Jan 6

First round – Jimmy Hendricks (Netherlands) bt Martin Adams

Four Hills Tournament – Gregor Schlierenzauer (Austria). Anders Jacobsen (Norway) wins two of the four events

Jan 7

Doncaster manager Dean Saunders replaces Stale Solbakken at Wolves

Ballon d’Or – Messi wins for the fourth time

Coach of the Year – Vicente del Bosque

Women's Player of the Year – Abby Wambach

Puskas Award for best goal – Miroslav Stoch

Jan 8

Fifa team of the year has five Barcelona players, five Real Madrid players, and Falcao (Atletico Madrid)

Jan 9

A record of 70 points for the longest tie-break in professional tennis is set at a Futures event in Florida when Monaco's Benjamin Balleret beat compatriot Guillaume Couillard 36-34. The record may not be official because of the lack of a chair umpire

Jan 11

Blackpool manager Michael Appleton moves to Blackburn Rovers

Jan 12

Jon Walters of Stoke scores two own goals for Chelsea

Owen Farrell kicks 10 penalties for Saracens against Racing Metro

BDO women’s final – Dobromyslova bt Lisa Ashton

Bobby George’s son, Richie, beaten by Scott Waites in semi-finals

Colin Kaepernick (San Francisco 49ers) sets an NFL single-game record for most rushing yards by a quarterback

Jan 13

BBL Cup final –Leicester Riders bt Newcastle Eagles

BDO final – Scott Waites bt Tony O’Shea 7-1

James Woods wins his second successive ski slopestyle World Cup event

Jan 14

Sean O’Driscoll replaces Derek McInnes as manager of Bristol City

Rory McIlroy unveiled as Nike's new brand ambassador

Sarah Taylor reveals she could play for Sussex men's second XI if required

Jan 15

Gordon Strachan appointed as manager of Scotland

Paul McGinley is named as Europe's captain for the 2014 Ryder Cup at Gleneagles

Judd Trump wears £845 Christian Louboutin Rollerboy Spikes at Masters

Jan 16

Bayern Munich announce that Pep Guardiola will become their coach this summer when Jupp Heynckes retires

Frank Rijkaard sacked as coach of Saudi Arabia

LeBron James becomes the youngest player in NBA history to score 20,000 career points

Gussie Moran dies

Uefa team of the year has four Barcelona players, four Real Madrid players, Thiago Silva (Paris Saint-Germain), Philipp Lahm (Bayern Munich), and Andrea Pirlo (Juventus)

Jan 17

New York Knicks bt Detroit Pistons at O2 Arena

Australian Open second round – Robson bt Kvitova

Lance Armstrong stripped of Olympic bronze medal won in 2000

Jan 18

Nigel Adkins sacked by Southampton and replaced by Mauricio Pochettino

Gulf Cup of Nations final – UAE bt Iraq

Jan 19

Michael Owen scores 150th goal in Premier League, for Stoke

Australian Big Bash Twenty20 final – Brisbane Heat bt Perth Scorchers. Man of the tournament – Aaron Finch

Dakar Rally (Lima to Santiago) – Stephane Peterhansel wins in a Mini Countryman, his fifth win in cars category, eleventh win overall. Motorbikes – Cyril Despres wins for the fifth time

A shortened 48-game 2012–13 NHL season begins after the end of the 119-day lockout

Jan 20

Masters final – Selby bt Robertson. Sponsored by Betfair

Short-track speed skater Elise Christie wins her second title at the European Championships in Malmo

Fourth round – Djokovic bt Wawrinka 12-10 in final set

Abu Dhabi Championship – Jamie Donaldson

Leinster, Toulouse and Biarritz drop into the Amlin Challenge Cup quarter-finals, as the best runners-up in the Heineken Cup pools

Jan 21

Johan Clarey of France sets a World Cup speed record of 100.6mph in the Lauberhorn downhill in Wengen

Sacramento Kings planning to relocate to Seattle

Jan 22

Capitol One Cup semi-final – Bradford City bt Aston Villa

Jan 23

Quarter-final – Sloane Stephens bt Serena Williams

Capitol One Cup semi-final – Swansea bt Chelsea. Hazard sent off for kicking ball boy Charlie Morgan

England's netball team claim a first series win against world number one side Australia

Jan 24

World Indoor Championship final – Rebecca Field (aged 22) bt Alison Merrien

Semi-finals – Azarenka bt Stephens, Li Na bt Sharapova

Semi-final – Djokovic bt Ferrer

Jan 25

Women’s doubles final – Errani and Vinci bt Barty and Dellacqua

Semi-final – Murray bt Federer

Wilfred Zaha moves from Crystal Palace to Man Utd

Uefa announces details of Euro 2020: it is to be held in 13 cities across Europe

Laura Trott and Joanna Rowsell sign for Wiggle Honda

Sports journalist Frank Keating dies

Jan 26

Women’s final interrupted by fireworks for Australia Day

Final – Azarenka bt Li Na

Men’s doubles final – Bryan and Bryan bt Haase and Sijsling

Victor Chandler Chase – Sprinter Sacre

FA Cup fourth round – Norwich 0 Luton 1 (Scott Rendell). First non-league team to beat top-flight opponents in the FA Cup since Sutton United beat Coventry City in 1989

Qatar Masters – Chris Wood. First European Tour title

Togo vs Algeria delayed for 15 minutes after a player knocks the Algerian goal down by running into the back of the net

Jan 27

Final – Djokovic bt Murray

Mixed doubles final –Ebden and Gajdosova (Australia) bt Cermak and Hradecka

Olympic silver medal-winning cox and double Boat Race winner Acer Nethercott dies

Casey Stoner moves from MotoGP to V8 Supercars in a deal with Red Bull

Scottish League Cup semi-final – St Mirren bt Celtic

FA Cup – Leeds bt Spurs, Oldham bt Liverpool

Bell 113 in final ODI. India win series 3-2

Allianz Park hosts its first ever Saracens match, against the Cardiff Blues. First artificial pitch in English rugby union

World Indoor Bowls Championship final – Stewart Anderson (Scotland) bt Paul Foster (Scotland)

World Men's Handball Championship final – Spain bt Denmark

James Woods wins bronze medal in slopestyle at Winter X Games in Aspen

The Rock ends CM Punk’s reign of 434 days as WWE Champion

Jan 28

Didier Drogba moves to Galatasaray

Jan 30

Alex Thomson finishes third in Vendee Globe

Philippe Coutinho moves from Inter Milan to Liverpool

Final group tables –

Group A – South Africa, Cape Verde, Morocco, Angola

Group B – Ghana, Mali, DR Congo, Niger

Group C – Burkina Faso, Nigeria, Zambia, Ethiopia

Group B – Ivory Coast, Togo, Tunisia, Algeria

Lionel Messi's streak of scoring in 16 straight matches ends

Jan 31

Beckham signs a five-month deal with Paris St-Germain and will donate his salary to a local children’s charity

Balotelli moves to AC Milan for £19 million

Christopher Samba moves from Anzhi Makhachkala to QPR

Jack Butland moves from Birmingham to Stoke

Danny Graham moves from Swansea to Sunderland

American professional snowmobile racer Caleb Moore becomes the first person to die as a result of injuries sustained during the X Games

Feb 1

Sri Lanka hit a six off the last ball to beat England by one wicket at the Women's World Cup

Shelley Rudman becomes the first British woman to win skeleton gold in the world championships in St Moritz

Feb 2

Hartley and Poole score for Hartlepool against Notts County

Six Nations captains – Chris Robshaw, Sam Warburton, Jamie Heaslip, Kelly Brown, Pascal Pape, Sergio Parisse

Six Nations coaches – Stuart Lancaster, Rob Howley, Declan Kidney, Scott Johnson, Philippe Saint-Andre, Jacques Brunel

Billy Twelvetrees scores try on debut for England against Scotland

Berdych and Rosol (Czech Republic) bt Wawrinka and Chiudinelli (Switzerland) in longest Davis Cup match in history, 7 hours 2 minutes. Final set 24-22

Mario Balotelli scores twice in the 2–1 win over Udinese on his AC Milan debut

West Brom's Goran Popov is sent off for spitting at Kyle Walker

World Bandy Championships – Russia

Feb 3

Dubai Desert Classic – Stephen Gallagher

Super Bowl XLVII (Mercedes-Benz Superdome, New Orleans) – Baltimore Ravens bt San Francisco 49ers. MVP – Joe Flacco. Coach – John Harbaugh

Jacoby Jones scores two touchdowns, including a 108-yard kick-off return

'''Ravens linebacker Ray Lewis''' ends his 17-year career with a second Super Bowl win

Michael Oher, subject of the film ‘The Blind Side’, plays for Ravens

49ers coached by Jim Harbaugh, younger brother of John

Half-time entertainment – Beyonce and Destiny’s Child, followed by a 34 minute power cut

Super Bowl XLVIII will be held at MetLife Stadium in New Jersey

World Cup of Darts final (Hamburg) – England (Taylor and Lewis) bt Belgium (Kim Huybrechts and Ronny Huybrechts)

Feb 4

Leading Cheltenham Champion Hurdle fancy Darlan suffers a fatal fall

German Masters final – Carter bt Fu

Pakistan 49 (Steyn 6-8) vs South Africa. AB de Villiers' 11 dismissals equals the Test record set by Jack Russell at the same Wanderers ground in Johannesburg in 1995. Graeme Smith becomes the first cricketer to captain in 100 Tests

Liverpool’s 2009 Champions League tie against Debrecen is alleged to be one of 380 European games under suspicion of match-fixing

Feb 5

FIS Alpine World Ski Championships start in Schladming, Austria

Women’s Super-G – Tina Maze

ECB announces that Yorkshire Bank will become the new title sponsor of the domestic 40-over competition: the Yorkshire Bank 40

Feb 6

Men’s Super-G – Ted Ligety

England 2 (Rooney, Lampard) Brazil 1 (Fred). Ronaldihno misses a penalty. Ashley Cole wins his100th cap. England’s first win against Brazil since 1990

Scotland bt Estonia in Strachan’s first match as manager

Mike Golding becomes the first sailor to complete three Vendee Globe races

Feb 8

Women’s Super Combined – Maria Hofl-Riesch

Feb 9

Ireland Women bt England Women in rugby union – first defeat in 17 games

Men’s downhill – Svindal

Hennessy Cognac Irish Gold Cup – Sir Des Champs

Third place play-off – Mali bt Ghana

England hit 15 sixes in Twenty20 match against New Zealand

Feb 10

Women’s downhill – Marion Rolland (France)

Final (Johannesburg) – Nigeria 1 (Sunday Mba) Burkina Faso 0

Player of the Tournament – Jonathan Pitroipa (Burkina Faso)

Top scorer – Emmanuel Emenike (Nigeria)

Fed Cup – GB bt Bulgaria and qualify for World Group II play-off match against Argentina in April

Feb 11

Men’s Super Combined – Ted Ligety

Feb 12

Team Event – Austria

Wrestling dropped from 2020 Olympic Games. It will now compete with seven other sports – baseball/softball, squash, karate, sport climbing, wakeboarding, wushu and roller sports – for a place in the 2020 Games

Feb 14

Women’s Giant Slalom – Tessa Worley (France)

Pankaj Advani becomes the first Indian player to reach the quarter-finals of a world-ranking snooker event, at Welsh Open

Feb 15

Men’s Giant Slalom – Ted Ligety

NG Dragons 3 Glasgow Warriors 60

Serena Williams becomes the oldest world number one, aged 31

Hales and Lumb put on 143 for first wicket in third T20 international against New Zealand. England win series 2-1

Third-place play-off – England bt New Zealand. Charlotte Edwards 106, becomes the first woman to pass 5000 runs in one-day internationals

Feb 16

Women’s Slalom – Mikaela Shiffrin (USA)

Tour of Oman – Chris Froome

FA Cup – Blackburn bt Arsenal

Mo Farah wins 3000m at British Grand Prix in Birmingham. There are also wins for '''Holly Bleasdale, Shara Proctor, Michael Rimmer, Helen Clitheroe''' and '''Nigel Levine'''

Mo Farah to run half the distance at this year’s London Marathon for £250,000 and the full distance next year

Feb 17

Men’s Slalom – Marcel Hirscher

USA wins most gold medals (4)

Austria wins most medals (8)

Anderson surpasses Botham's record (528 wickets) as England's leading international wicket-taker

Welsh Open final – Maguire bt Bingham

Women’s World Cup final (Mumbai) – Australia bt West Indies. Sixth win for Australia

Feb 18

Paul Ince appointed as manager of Blackpool

Andy Robinson appointed as director of rugby at Bristol

Feb 19

Goal-line technology will be used at the 2014 World Cup

Feb 20

World Track Cycling Championships start in Minsk

Former Portsmouth players Boeteng and Muntari score for AC Milan against Barcelona in Champions League

Lindy Ruff, the active longest tenured coach in the National Hockey League, is fired by Buffalo Sabres after serving as the team's head coach for 15 seasons

Feb 21

Women’s team pursuit – GB (Trott, King, Elinor Barker)

Scratch race – Martyn Irvine (Ireland)

Play in WGC in Arizona halted by snow

2014 Giro d’Italia will start in Belfast

Feb 22

Keirin – Jason Kenny

Points race – Simon Yates

World Club Challenge – Melbourne Storm bt Leeds Rhinos. Man of the match – Cooper Cronk (Melbourne)

Chicago Blackhawks set a new NHL record for earning points in the first 17 consecutive games of a season

Jamie Carragher becomes the first Englishman to make 150 European appearances

Feb 23

England win ODI series against New Zealand for first time in 19 years

Tualagi scores only try for England against France

Sprint – Becky James

Football Association ambassador Paul Elliott resigns from all roles representing the organization following reports of a racism row

Feb 24

Capitol One Cup final – Swansea 5 Bradford City 0. Man of the match – Nathan Dyer. Bradford goalkeeper Matt Duke sent off

WGC Matchplay final – Kuchar bt Mahan

Third-place play-off – Day bt Poulter

Danica Patrick secures the best ever finish for a woman in the Daytona 500 by finishing eighth, after becoming the first woman to secure pole position

Kierin – Becky James

New Orleans half-marathon – Farah

Feb 26

Audley Harrison becomes the first two-time Prizefighter champion

Feb 27

Mario Balotelli commissions a life-size bronze statue of himself which he plans to display in his home in Brescia

Feb 28

Lancashire's Old Trafford home is renamed as part of a 10-year partnership with airline firm Emirates. It will now be known as ‘Emirates Old Trafford’

Mar 1

European Indoor Athletics Championships start in Gothenburg

Rory McIlroy quits Honda Classic mid-round complaining of toothache

Mar 2

Women’s pole vault – Holly Bleasdale

60m. Silver – James Dasaolu

Don Valley Stadium to close

Shinji Kagawa becomes first Asian player to score hat-trick in Premier League, for Man Utd against Norwich

Suarez hat-trick for Liverpool against Wigan

Tim Howard's run of 210 consecutive Premier League games ends

Mar 3

Women’s 400m – Perri Shakes-Drayton. Silver – Eilidh Child

400m. Silver – Nigel Levine

800m. Bronze – Muktar Mohammed

4x400m relay – GB ('''Michael Bingham, Richard Buck, Nigel Levine, Richard Strachan)'''

Women’s 4x400m relay – GB (Eilidh Child, Shana Cox, Christine '''Ohuruogu,''' Perri Shakes-Drayton)

World Open final – Allen bt Stevens

Norway's Marit Bjorgen wins five medals in FIS Nordic World Ski Championships in Italy

Martin Fourcade (France) retains Biathlon World Cup

Lauren Silberman becomes the first woman to try out for the National Football League, but her attempt to make a team ends after two kicks with an injury

Mar 5

Real Madrid bt Man Utd. Winning goal scored by Ronaldo. Nani sent off. Giggs’s 1000th competitive match

Mar 6

Nick Dempsey becomes the first man to win two windsurfing World Championship titles

Lionel Messi gold foot worth £3.5 million unveiled in Tokyo

Juventus bt Celtic

Yorkshire will be known as the Vikings in one-day cricket this season

Mar 8

Ex-London Welsh team manager Mike Scott banned for life from rugby union for falsifying documents to make it appear that New Zealander Tyson Keats was English

Mar 9

Peterborough 0 Ipswich 0. Peterborough's last goalless draw came against the same opponents in December 2009. They have since played 156 league games (171 in all competitions) without a 0-0 result

Stirling Albion 9 East Stirling 1

Lionel Messi scores in his 17th successive La Liga game, breaking a world record which has stood since the 1930s

Panamanian pitcher Mariano Rivera of the New York Yankees, MLB's all-time saves leader, announces he will retire at the end of the 2013 Major League Baseball season

48-year-old Bernard Hopkins defeats Tavoris Cloud at the Barclays Center in Brooklyn, New York, to win IBF Light Heavyweight title

Saracens prop Mako Vunipola makes England debut against Italy

Halfpenny kicks seven penalties against Scotland

Ireland draw with France

Tevez hat-trick against Barnsley

BBL Trophy final – Sheffield Sharks bt Leicester Riders

Mar 10

First Test (Dunedin) England 167 and 421-6 (Cook 116, Compton 117) New Zealand 460-9 (Hamish Rutherford 171 on Test debut)

Finn bats for 4 ¾ hours, the second longest innings by an England nightwatchman

WGC-Cadillac Championship – Woods

Tina Baun (Denmark) wins women’s singles at All England Open Badminton Championships for a third time

Ryman Premier League match between Wingate & Finchley and Thurrock is abandoned as Wingate & Finchley have five players sent off

Mar 11

Brian McDermott sacked by Reading

Laureus Sports Awards (Rio de Janeiro) –

World Sportsman of the Year: Usain Bolt

World Sportswoman of the Year: Jessica Ennis

World Team of the Year: Europe Ryder Cup

World Breakthrough of the Year: Andy Murray

World Comeback of the Year: Felix Sanchez

Lifetime Achievement Award: Sebastian Coe

Action Sportsperson of the Year: Felix Baumgartner

World Sportsperson of the Year with a Disability: Daniel Dias (Brazilian swimmer)

Exceptional Achievement Award: Michael Phelps

Mar 12

Champion Hurdle – Hurricane Fly (Ruby Walsh), trained by Willie Mullins

Hurricane Fly becomes only the second horse after Comedy of Errors in 1975 to regain the Champion Hurdle

'''Arkle Trophy – Simonsig'''

'''Quevega''' wins the Mares' Hurdle for a fifth successive time. The last horse to win the same race in five successive years was Golden Miller

Mar 13

Champion Chase – Sprinter Sacre (Barry Geraghty), trained by Nicky Henderson

Bayern Munich bt Arsenal

Cyprus Cup final (women’s football) – England bt Canada

Toby Flood kicks six penalties against Italy

Mar 14

World Hurdle – Solwhit (Paul Carberry), trained by Charles Byrnes

National Hockey League officially announces it will realign into a four-division structure and a modified division-based playoff system starting next season

Mar 15

Gold Cup – Bob’s Worth (Barry Geraghty), trained by Nicky Henderson. 2nd Sir Des Champs, 3rd Long Run

Nicky Henderson's 50th Festival winner

Leading jockey – Ruby Walsh

Leading trainer – Willie Mullins

Conor Murphy, a stable lad at Nicky Henderson’s yard, wins £1 million on an accumulator bet based on five of the yard’s winners

Mar 16

Shikhar Dhawan makes the fastest debut hundred in Test history (85 balls) for India against Australia

Italy beat Ireland for first time in Six Nations

Wales 30 England 3. Alex Cuthbert scores two tries

Six Nations final table – Wales, England, Scotland, Italy, Ireland, France

Leading try scorer – Alex Cuthbert (4 tries)

Leading points scorer – Leigh Halfpenny (74 points)

Mar 17

Formula 1 teams –

Red Bull – Vettel, Webber

Ferrari – Alonso, Massa

McLaren – Button, Perez

Lotus – Grosjean, Raikkonen

Mercedes – Hamilton, Rosberg

Sauber – Hulkenberg, Esteban Gutierrez (Mexico)

Force India – Di Resta, Sutil

Williams – Maldonado, Valtteri Bottas (Finland)

Toro Rosso – Ricciardo, Jean-Eric Vergne

Caterham – Pic, Giedo van der Garde (Netherlands)

Marussia – Jules Bianchi (France), Max Chilton (UK)

Tyre compounds – hard (orange), medium (white), soft (yellow), super-soft (red), intermediate (green), full wet (blue)

Harder tyres are ‘prime’ – they give the least grip but are the most durable

Final year that Formula 1 uses the current 2.4 litre V8 engine configuration; a 1.6 litre turbocharged V6 engine formula is to come into force for 2014

Australian GP – Raikkonen, Alonso, Vettel

LV= Cup Final – Harlequins bt Sale

Lampard scores 200th goal for Chelsea

Scottish League Cup final – St Mirren bt Hearts

Ireland Women win Grand Slam. Scotland Women scored 3 points and conceded 203

Players Tour final (Galway) – Ding Junhui bt Robertson

Skiing World Cup –

Men’s overall – Marcel Hirscher. Downhill – Svindal

Women’s overall – Tina Maze. Downhill – Vonn

World Figure Skating Championships (London, Ontario). Men’s – Patrick Chan (Canada), Women’s – Kim Yu-Na (South Korea)

Greek football player Giorgos Katidis is banned from the national team for life after giving a Nazi style salute

Mar 18

Second Test (Wellington) England 465 (Compton 100, Trott 121) New Zealand 254 (Broad 6-51) and 162-2

Mar 19

Michael Appleton sacked by Blackburn

World Baseball Classic – Dominican Republic

Mar 20

Winter X Games start in Tignes

Championship League Snooker final – Gould bt Carter

Mar 21

Martin Dwyer banned for two months by Indian racing authorities

Pietro Mennea dies

Greg Dyke to replace David Bernstein as FA chairman

Martin Brodeur of New Jersey Devils becomes the first NHL goaltender to score three goals

Mar 22

West Ham will be anchor tenants for the Olympic Stadium

Six Nations player of the championship – Leigh Halfpenny

San Marino 0 England 8. Defoe is only player to score two goals. Match played in Stadio Olimpico in Serravalle

In the CONCACAF, USA bt Costa Rica in near-blizzard conditions at Dick's Sporting Goods Park in Commerce City, Colorado

Mar 23

Caerphilly Castle Ladies resigns from Women’s Welsh Premier League after scoring one goal and conceding 219 in ten matches

Michael Owen to retire at end of season

Plan for a ‘Dream Football League’ in Qatar is a hoax

Mar 24

Malaysian GP – Vettel, Webber, Hamilton

Hong Kong Sevens final – Fiji bt Wales

World Women's Curling Championship final (Latvia) – Scotland bt Sweden. Skip – Eve Muirhead

FA Trophy final – Wrexham bt Grimsby

Men’s Ski Jumping World Cup – Gregor Schlierenzauer (Austria)

Women’s Ski Jumping World Cup – Sara Takanashi (Japan)

Football League Player of the Year –Matej Vydra (Watford)

League One award – Matt Ritchie (Bournemouth)

League Two award – Tom Pope (Port Vale)

'''Outstanding managerial achievement – Phil Parkinson'''

World Cross Country Championships (Poland). Men’s – Japhet Korir (Kenya). Women’s – Emily Kebet (Kenya)

Mar 25

Tiger Woods returns to the top of the world rankings after winning the Arnold Palmer Invitational

Third Test (Auckland) New Zealand 443 (Fulton 136, Finn 6-125) and 241-6 (Fulton 110) England 204 (Boult 6-68) and 315-9 (Prior 110)

Stuart Broad sets a new Test record for the longest time at the crease without scoring, needing 103 minutes to get off the mark

Elite League champions – Nottingham Panthers

Mar 26

Nigel Adkins appointed as manager of Reading

Peter Siddle becomes the first batsman in a Test to make two fifties batting at number nine

Mar 27

Frank Williams’s daughter Claire lined up as his long-term successor

Mar 28

All-weather jockeys’ championship – Adam Kirby

Jesse Ryder is in a critical condition in hospital, after being severely beaten as he left a bar in Christchurch

Mar 30

JT McNamara is paralyzed by injuries sustained in a fall at the Cheltenham Festival

Lincoln Handicap – Levitate

Dubai World Cup – Animal Kingdom

Messi scores in 19th successive league game

Mar 31

China Open final – Robertson bt Selby

Paolo di Canio replaces Martin O’Neill as manager of Sunderland

159th Boat Race – Oxford. Umpire – Matthew Pinsent. Oxford cox Oskar Zorrilla caught swearing on BBC

Murray wins Sony Open in Miami to rise to number two in world rankings

Apr 1

Irish Grand National – Liberty Council (Ben Dalton)

Hull KR 6 Wigan 84

Neil Warnock leaves Leeds United

Michael O'Leary donates €200,000 to a fund for JT McNamara

Apr 2

Declan Kidney sacked as head coach of Ireland

German-based manufacturer GoalControl to provide goal-line system at World Cup in Brazil

Apr 3

Challenge Cup final – Nottingham Panthers bt Sheffield Steelers

Apr 4

Betfred Bowl – First Lieutenant (Mouse Morris)

Apr 5

Melling Chase – Sprinter Sacre (Barry Geraghty)

Apr 6

Grand National – 1st Auroras Encore (Ryan Mania, 66-1), trained by Sue Smith, 2nd Cappa Bleu, 3rd Teaforthree

Apr 7

Davis Cup (Ricoh Arena) – GB bt Russia

JP Trophy final – Crewe bt Southend

Scottish Challenge Cup final – Queen of the South bt Partick Thistle

Elite League play-off final – Nottingham Panthers bt Belfast Giants

Texas Open – Martin Laird

World Men’s Curling Championship final (Canada) – Sweden bt Canada

Paris-Roubaix – Cancellara

Apr 9

Ian Millward sacked by Castleford Tigers

Women’s Ice Hockey World Championships final – USA bt Canada

Apr 10

Wisden Cricketers of the Year – Compton, Amla, Kallis, Steyn, Samuels

Leading Cricketer in the World – Clarke

150th edition of Wisden is published

Masters Par 3 Contest – Ted Potter

Apr 11

Hawkeye to be used in Premier League next season

Hole-in-one for Jamie Donaldson in Masters

England Rugby Sevens unveil psychedelic strip designed by Canterbury

Apr 12

14-year-old Guan Tianlang penalized one stroke for slow play

Brian McDermott appointed as manager of Leeds

Apr 13

FA Cup semi-final –Wigan bt Millwall

World Championship third qualifying round – Kurt Maflin (Norway) bt Steve Davis

Woods penalized two strokes for incorrect drop

Apr 14

FA Cup semi-final – Man City bt Chelsea

World Championship final qualifying round – Milkins bt White, Selt bt Doherty

Chinese GP – Alonso, Raikkonen, Hamilton

Masters – Scott bt Cabrera in play-off to become first Australian winner. 3rd Day. Leading European – '''Thorbjorn Olesen (Denmark)'''

Apr 16

Lee Johnson (Oldham) and Gary Johnson (Yeovil) are the first father and son to manage opposing teams in a Football League game since 1971

Apr 17

Black Caviar retires unbeaten after 25 wins

Dean Ryan replaces Richard Hill as director of rugby at Worcester

Real Madrid overtakes Manchester United as the world's most valuable football club, according to business magazine Forbes

Carmelo Anthony (New York Knicks) wins NBA Scoring Title

Apr 18

Chris Hoy retires

New Orleans Hornets change their name to the Pelicans

Apr 19

John Terry refuses handshake from FA chairman David Bernstein

European Gymnastics Championships (Moscow) –

All-around. Silver – Max Whitlock

Pommel horse – Daniel Keatings. Bronze – Max Whitlock

Portsmouth out of administration and deducted 10 points

Mike Denness dies

Apr 20

Floor – Max Whitlock

Scottish Grand National – Godsmejudge (Wayne Hutchinson)

Barnet play final match at Underhill

England Hockey League Championship men’s play-off final – Beeston bt Surbiton

England Hockey League Championship women’s play-off final – Reading bt Leicester

Apr 21

London Marathon. Men’s –'''Tsegaye Kebede ('''Ethiopia'''). Women’s –''' Priscah Jeptoo (Kenya). Tiki Gelana involved in a collision with Canadian wheelchair racer Josh Cassidy

High bar. Silver – Sam Oldham

Monte Carlo Masters final – Djokovic bt Nadal

Fed Cup – Argentina bt GB

Bahrain GP – Vettel, Raikkonen, Grosjean

Spanish Open – Raphael Jacquelin, at ninth play-off hole

Hyundai A-League Grand Final – Central Coast Mariners bt Western Sydney Wanderers

Apr 22

Van Persie hat-trick for Man Utd against Aston Villa. 20th title for Man Utd

Apr 23

Brett Lee takes wicket with first ball of IPL tournament

Royal Challengers Bangalore 263 in IPL match against Pune Warriors. Gayle 175, setting a new record for the fastest century in professional cricket (30 balls)

Wimbledon prize money increased by 40%. Retractable roof for Number One court by 2019

Apr 24

Lancashire batsman Jordan Clark hits six sixes in one over in a second XI game against Yorkshire, to become the fifth player to achieve the feat in professional cricket and the first Englishman

Suarez banned for 10 matches for biting Ivanovic

Lewandowski scores four goals for Borussia Dortmund against Real Madrid in Champions League semi-final

Reanne Evans wins ninth successive women's World Championship snooker title

Matt Le Tissier makes his debut for Guernsey

Kukri announce a deal to supply all delegation and teamwear for the 2014 Commonwealth Games in Glasgow for Commonwealth Games England

Apr 25

World Snooker Championships first round – Milkins bt Robertson

Peter Ebdon equals Steve Davis by featuring in 22 consecutive appearances in the World Snooker Championships, second only to Stephen Hendry's record of 27

15 Godolphin horses suspended for six months. Mahmood al Zarooni banned from racing for eight years for doping

Danny Cipriani hit by a bus in Leeds

Dechawat Poomjaeng concedes a frame against Michael White by missing an open red three times

Apr 26

Graeme Dott receives a number of electric shocks from the table

Anthony Fry to succeed Dave Richards as chairman of the Premier League

Women's Super League is expanded into two tiers of eight and 10 teams from 2014, an increase from the previous single division of eight. Manchester City Ladies replace Doncaster Rovers Belles in WSL1

'''Conditional Jockeys’ Championship – Lucy Alexander'''

Apr 27

Manchester-born Menelik Watson selected by the Oakland Raiders in the second round of the NFL Draft

Champion jockey – McCoy. Runner-up – Jason Maguire

Champion trainer – Nicky Henderson

Second round – Hawkins bt Selby

Newcastle 0 Liverpool 6

Heineken Cup semi-final – Clermont Auvergne bt Munster

Rolex Kentucky – Andrew Nicholson, riding Quimbo

Apr 28

BBL play-off final – Leicester Riders bt Newcastle Eagles

Heineken Cup semi-final (Twickenham) – Toulon bt Saracens. Jonny Wilkinson kicks 24 points

Tour de Romandie – Chris Froome

Frank Lampard equals Andy Cole's record of scoring against 38 different teams in the Premier League

Lawrence Okoye signs for the San Francisco 49ers as an undrafted free agent

Maracana stadium reopens after three years of renovations

Gareth Bale is named both Professional Footballers' Association Player of the Year and Young Player of the Year

Kim Little is inaugural winner of the PFA Women's Player of the Year

Apr 29

Leinster's Joe Schmidt to take over as head coach of Ireland

Aston Villa 6 (Benteke 3) Sunderland 1

Apr 30

Warburton named as captain of British Lions

Champions League semi-final – Borussia Dortmund bt Real Madrid

Joao Havelange resigns as Fifa’s honorary president after a report ruled he had taken bribes

May 1

Chesney Hughes carries his bat for 270 not out for Derbyshire against Yorkshire

Champions League semi-final – Bayern Munich bt Barcelona 7-0 on aggregate

May 2

Football Writers' Association Footballer of the Year – Bale

China's Ye Wocheng, 12, becomes the youngest player in European Tour history, in the China Open

Olympic Stadium will host five games at the 2015 Rugby World Cup, which is being held across 13 venues

Yorkshire 677-7 (Root 236) against Derbyshire

Monterrey (Mexico) win third successive CONCACAF Champions League title

Europa League semi finals – Chelsea bt Basle, Benfica bt Fenerbache

May 4

Semi-finals – O’Sullivan bt Trump, Hawkins bt Walden

2000 Guineas – Dawn Approach (Kevin Manning), trained by Jim Bolger

Saracens finish top of Premiership. London Welsh are relegated

FA Vase – Spennymoor Town

Kentucky Derby – Orb

May 5

1000 Guineas – Sky Lantern (Richard Hughes), trained by Richard Hannon

Conference play-off – Newport bt Wrexham

Conference champions – Mansfield

May 6

PFA Scotland Player of the Year – Michael Higdon (Motherwell)

Final – O’Sullivan bt Hawkins 18-12. O’Sullivan hits six centuries and becomes the first player to retain the title since Hendry in 1996

Highest break – Robertson (143)

Badminton Horse Trials – Jonathan Paget (New Zealand), riding Clifton Promise

May 7

Women's Super League (WSL) champions Arsenal are beaten 4-0 by Liverpool in the opening match of their title defence at Emirates Stadium, their first loss in the competition since July 2011

May 8

Salford City Reds fined £10,000 for fielding an extra man against Castleford Tigers

James Allison to step down as Lotus technical director

Vijay Singh is to sue the PGA Tour for banning him from competition without a test for using deer antler spray

NBA Coach of the Year – George Karl (Denver Nuggets)

Madrid Open second round – Grigor Dimotrov bt Djokovic

San Francisco 49ers announce that Levi Strauss & Co. have purchased the naming rights to their new stadium in Santa Clara

May 9

Alex Ferguson to retire at end of season

David Moyes appointed as manager of Man Utd on a six-year deal

Premiership Rugby Player of the Year –Tom Youngs (Leicester)

'''Discovery of the Season – Joe Launchbury (Wasps)'''

'''Director of Rugby of the Season – Mark McCall (Saracens)'''

Leading points scorer – Freddie Burns (Gloucester), 240 points

Leading try scorer – Tom Varndell and Christian Wade (both Wasps), 13 tries

May 10

Olympic yachtsman Andrew ‘Bart’ Simpson dies when the catamaran he was aboard capsized during training for the America's Cup as part of the Swedish team, Artemis Racing

60th edition of BBC Sports Personality of the Year will be broadcast live from Leeds

May 11

Frank Lampard breaks Bobby Tambling’s Chelsea goal scoring record with 203rd goal

FA Cup final – Wigan 1 (Ben Watson) Man City 0. Man of the Match – Callum McManaman. Zabaleta sent off. Wigan captain – Emmerson Boyce

Wigan chairman Dave Whelan broke his leg playing for Blackburn Rovers in the 1960 FA Cup final against Wolves

Premiership semi-final – Leicester bt Harlequins

May 12

Paul Scholes retires

Spanish GP – Alonso, Raikkonen, Massa

Premiership semi-final – Northampton bt Saracens

Challenge Cup – Catalans Dragons 92 York 8

Sturridge hat-trick for Liverpool against Fulham

Players Championship – Woods

Euroleague Basketball – Olympiacos Piraeus

IRB Sevens World Series – New Zealand. 5th Kenya. Top points scorer – Dan Norton (England)

May 13

England Cricketer of the Year – Matt Prior

England Women’s Cricketer of the Year – Katherine Brunt

FA Youth Cup final – Norwich bt Chelsea

Roma fined €50,000 after racist chants from their fans halted a match at AC Milan

SPL Player of the Year – Leigh Griffiths (Hibs)

SPL Manager of the Year – Stuart McCall (Motherwell)

British Speedway Championship – Tai Woffinden (Wolverhampton Wolves)

May 15

Europa League final (Amsterdam Arena) – Chelsea 2 (Torres, Ivanovic) Benfica 1

Chelsea become first team to hold both European titles. Benfica’s seventh loss in a European final since their last win in 1962

2014 Europa League final will be held in Turin

May 16

Beckham to retire at end of the season

Premier League Darts final – Van Gerwen bt Taylor

Three Rajasthan Royals players are arrested along with seven bookies on charges of spot-fixing in the IPL6 tournament

New owner Vivek Ranadive intends keeping Sacramento Kings in Sacramento

May 17

British & Irish Cup final – Leinster A bt Newcastle

Anderson takes 300th Test wicket (Peter Fulton)

Amlin Challenge Cup final (RDS Arena, Dublin) – Leinster bt Stade Francais. Man of the match – Sexton

Copa Del Ray final – Atletico Madrid bt Real Madrid. Ronaldo sent off

Barclays Manager of the Season and LMA Manager of the Year – Ferguson

Barclays Player of the Season – Bale

May 18

League Two play-off – Bradford bt Northampton

Promoted – Gillingham, Rotherham, Port Vale, Bradford

Relegated – Barnet, Aldershot

Leading scorer – Tom Pope (Port Vale), 31 goals

Ronan O’Gara retires to take up a coaching post with Racing Metro

Heineken Cup final (Aviva Stadium, Dublin) – Toulon bt Clermont Auvergne. Jonny Wilkinson kicks 11 points. Man of the match – Mathieu Bastareaud (Toulon)

Jessica Ennis marries Andy Hill

Preakness Stakes – Oxbow

May 19

European Player of the Year – Jonny Wilkinson

World Match Play final (Bulgaria) – McDowell bt Thongcai Jaidee (Thailand)

League One play-off – Yeovil bt Brentford

Promoted – Doncaster, Bournemouth, Yeovil

Relegated – Scunthorpe, Bury, Hartlepool, Portsmouth

Leading scorer – Paddy Madden (Yeovil), 24 goals

Cal Crutchlow overcomes a broken leg to take second place – the best result of his MotoGP career – in French GP at Le Mans

WBA 5 (Lukaku 3) Man Utd 5. Alex Ferguson’s 1500th and final game in charge

Kevin Nolan hat-trick for West Ham against Reading

Final table – 1st Man Utd, 2nd Man City, 3rd Chelsea, 4th Arsenal

Relegated – Wigan, Reading, QPR

Leading scorer – Van Persie (26)

Leighton Baines was the only outfield player to play every minute of every match

Jamie Carragher retires

Referee Mark Halsey retires

Final table – 1st Celtic, 2nd Motherwell

Leading scorer – Michael Higdon (26)

Relegated – Dundee

Scottish First Division – Partick Thistle

Scottish Second Division – Queen of the South

Scottish Third Division – Rangers

Highland League – Cove

First Test (Lords) England 232 and 213 (Southee 6-50) New Zealand 207 and 68 (Broad 7-44)

Principality Premiership Grand Final – Llanelli bt Pontypridd

Scottish Premiership – Ayr

Ulster Bank All-Ireland League – Lansdowne

Euro Hockey League – HC Bloemendaal (Netherlands)

Ice Hockey World Championships final – Sweden bt Switzerland

May 20

FIA rejects a proposal from Pirelli to go back to last year's tyres

May 21

Tony Pulis leaves Stoke City

Pune Warriors India terminate their participation in IPL6 due to disagreements with their franchisee fees for the BCCI (Board of Control for Cricket in India)

May 22

Sergio Garcia apologizes to Tiger Woods after joking that he would serve him ‘fried chicken’ for dinner

May 23

Women’s Champions League final (Stamford Bridge) – Wolfsburg bt Lyon, ending Lyon's run of 118 competitive games without defeat, other than on penalties

Professional Rugby Players Association player of the year and Young player of the year – Christian Wade (Wasps)

May 24

Stage 19 of Giro d'Italia cancelled because of snow in the Dolomites

2007 Giro d'Italia winner Danilo Di Luca of Italy tests positive for Erythropoietin (EPO)

Mick McManus dies

Brian Greenhoff dies

Jockey Eddie Ahern banned for 10 years for corruption

Gibraltar accepted as 54th full member of Uefa

Southampton and Wales centre forward Ron Davies dies

May 25

Aviva Premiership final – Leicester bt Northampton. Dylan Hartley sent off. Man of the match – Anthony Allen (Leicester)

RaboDirect Pro12 final – Leinster bt Ulster

Rosberg gains third successive pole position

Champions League final (Wembley) – Bayern Munich 2 Borussia Dortmund 1. Winning goal scored by Robben. Man of the match – Robben. Dortmund manager – Jurgen Klopp

2014 Champions League final will be held in Lisbon

Millennium Magic Weekend at Etihad Stadium

Carl Froch retains IBF super-middleweight crown against Mikkel Kessler at O2 Arena

Netball Superleague Grand Final – Team Bath bt Celtic Dragons

The use of broom-handle and belly putters will be banned from 2016

May 26

BMW PGA – Matteo Manassero

Dylan Hartley banned for 11 weeks. Replaced on Lions tour by Rory Best

Scottish Cup final – Celtic bt Hibernian

FA Women's Cup final – Arsenal bt Bristol Academy

Women’s Premier League – Sunderland

Bill Beaumont County Cup final – Lancashire bt Cornwall

Monaco GP – Rosberg, Vettel, Webber

Indy 500 – Tony Kanaan (Brazil)

Giro d’Italia – Vincenzo Nibali. Red jersey – Cavendish

Freddie Burns scores 20 points for England against Barbarians

French Open first round – Ursula Radwanska bt Venus Williams

IPL6 final – Mumbai Indians bt Chennai Super Kings

Mumbai captain – Rohit Sharma

Man of the series – Shane Watson

Leading run scorer – Michael Hussey

Leading wicket taker – Dwayne Bravo

British Open squash – Men’s – Remy Ashour (Egypt), Women’s – Laura Massaro

May 27

Championship play-off final – Crystal Palace 1 (Phillips) Watford 0

Promoted – Cardiff, Hull, Crystal Palace

Relegated – Peterborough, Wolves, Bristol City

Leading scorer – Glenn Murray (Crystal Palace), 30 goals

Clermont Auvergne coach Vern Cotter appointed as manager of Scotland from June 2014

Rafa Benitez appointed as manager of Napoli

May 28

Reanne Evans qualifies for the final stages of the Wuxi Classic in China

Second Test (Headingley) England 354 (Root 104) and 287-5 (Cook 130) New Zealand 174 and 220 (Swann 6-90)

Yoshinari Matsushita killed at Isle of Man TT races

May 29

Squash, baseball/softball and wrestling beat off five other sports to remain in contention to be added to the Olympic Games programme in 2020. The IOC drops wushu, wakeboarding, roller sports, karate and sport climbing from the shortlist

England 1 (Lampard) Ireland 1 (Long)

Championship play-off final – Newcastle Falcons bt Bedford Blues

May 30

Mark Hughes appointed as manager of Stoke City

May 31

Oaks – Talent (Richard Hughes), trained by Ralph Beckett

Falcao moves from Atletico Madrid to Monaco. Plays for Colombia

Serie A – Juventus

La Liga – Barcelona

Bundesliga – Bayern Munich

Liga Sagres – Porto

Ligue 1 (Le Championnat) – Paris St Germain

Eredivisie – Ajax

Australian Andrew Dodt becomes the first man in European Tour history to record two holes-in-one in the same round, at the Nordea Masters

Jun 1

Coronation Cup – St Nicholas Abbey

Derby – Ruler of the World (Ryan Moore), trained by Aidan O’Brien. 2nd Libertarian 3rd Galileo Rock. Dawn Approach finishes last

Lions bt Barbarians in first tour match, in Hong Kong

Top 14 final – Castres bt Toulon

British Speedway GP (Millennium Stadium) – Emil Sayfutdinov (Russia)

Jun 2

New Zealand 359-3 (Guptil 189) in second ODI against England

Spain's Tommy Robredo becomes the first player since Henri Cochet in 1927 to come back from two sets down in three consecutive Grand Slam matches

Ponting 192 on debut for Surrey against Derbyshire

Brazil 2 England 2. Match played in the Maracana Stadium despite safety concerns

Scandinavian Masters – Mikko ''Ilonen (''Finland'')''

Jun 3

Neymar moves from Santos to Barcelona for £49 million

Jun 4

Quarter final – Tsonga bt Federer

Graham Napier takes four wickets in four balls for Essex against Surrey in YB40

Japan becomes the first country to qualify for the 2014 World Cup

Jun 5

Buttler 47 in 16 balls in third ODI

Jun 6

Semi-finals – Sharapova bt Azarenka, Serena Williams bt Errani

Man City sign Brazilian midfielder Fernandinho from Shakhtar Donetsk

Usain Bolt beaten in Diamond League 100m in Rome by Justin Gatlin

Mixed doubles final – Cermak and Hradecka bt Nestor and Mladenovic

Jun 7

Semi-finals – Nadal bt Djokovic, Ferrer bt Tsonga

Isle of Man Senior TT – John McGuinness, denying Michael Dunlop a record-equaling fifth win of the week

Donna Hartley-Wass dies

Robbie Keane becomes Ireland's most capped player (126 caps), scoring a hat-trick against Faroe Islands

Jun 8

Kyle Edmund becomes the first British winner at the French Open since 1982, in the boys' doubles

Samoa beat Scotland for the first time

Final – Serena Williams bt Sharapova

Men’s doubles final – Bryan and Bryan bt Llodra and Mahut

Bottas placed third in qualifying for Canadian GP

Andrew Selby becomes first British fighter to defend a European amateur boxing title

James Anderson overtakes Darren Gough’s total of 234 to become England’s top ODI wicket taker

Ben Maher wins inaugural Grand Prix of London at Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park

Belmont Stakes – Palace Malice

Jun 9

Final – Nadal bt Ferrer, to become the first person to win the same Grand Slam event eight times. Final disrupted by an intruder leaping onto the court while brandishing a flare

Women’s doubles final – Makarova and Vesnina bt Errani and Vinci

Criterium du Dauphine – Chris Froome

Yorkshire's Matthew Fisher, aged 15, becomes the youngest post-war cricketer to play in one of England's county competitions

Canadian GP – Vettel, Alonso, Hamilton

LPGA – Inbee Park bt Catriona Matthew in a play-off

UK Open final – Phil Taylor bt Andy Hamilton

Jun 10

Denesh ''Ramdin'' receives a two-match ''ban'' for claiming a dropped catch against Pakistan

Mourinho calls himself ‘the happy one’ on return to Chelsea

Jun 11

Henry Cecil dies

Jesus Navas moves from Sevilla to Man City

Jun 12

European U-21 Championship final tables –

Group A – Italy, Norway, Israel, England

Group B – Spain, Netherlands, Germany, Russia

England lost all three group matches and only scored one goal, a penalty by Craig Dawson against Norway

David Warner attacks Joe Root in a bar in Birmingham and is suspended until the first Ashes Test

Jun 13

Sangakkara 134 against England in Champions Trophy. All matched played at The Oval, Trent Bridge and Edgbaston

Jun 14

Malaga manager Manuel Pellegrini moves to Man City. Born in Chile

Essex bowled out for 20 by Lancs. Chapple 5-7, Hogg 4-11

South Africa tie with West Indies in Champions Trophy

International Origin Series – England bt Exiles

Owen Coyle appointed as manager of Wigan

Jun 15

U-21 semi-finals – Spain bt Norway, Italy bt Netherlands

Brazilian Alan Oliveira becomes the world's fastest amputee after breaking Oscar Pistorius's 100m T43 record

Japan beat Wales for the first time in rugby union

Marland Yarde scores two tries on England debut against Argentina

Jose Froilan Gonzalez dies. Argentine racing driver, notable for scoring Ferrari's first win in a Formula One World Championship race at the 1951 British Grand Prix

Queen’s Birthday Honours –

OBE – Clare Balding, Paul Lawrie, Christian Horner

Jun 16

Kyle Mills becomes leading wicket taker in Champions Trophy

Aegon Championships final – Murray bt Cilic

US Open (Merion) – Rose (+1). 2nd Day, Mickelson

Rose becomes the first Englishman to win the US Open since Tony Jacklin in 1970

Hole in one for Shawn Stefani

Nottingham Challenge – Baltacha

Aegon Classic (Birmingham) – Hantuchova

Jun 17

Hearts to go into administration

Champions Trophy final tables –

Group A – England , Sri Lanka, New Zealand, Australia

Group B – India, South Africa, West Indies, Pakistan

Alec Stewart placed in temporary charge of Surrey after Chris Adams and Ian Salisbury are sacked

Jun 18

ACT Brumbies bt Lions. Shane Williams plays for Lions

U-21 Final (Teddy Stadium, Jerusalem) – Spain 4 (Thiago 3) Italy 2

De Gea makes record 27th appearance for Spain

Pearce to leave as England U-21 coach

St James’s Palace Stakes – Dawn Approach

Football League reveals six fixtures early to mark 125th anniversary

Jun 19

Kent chase down 326 by Sussex in YB40 to set new record for a 40 over match

Semi-final – England bt South Africa

Prince of Wales’s Stakes – Al Kazeem

British fencer James Davis wins bronze in the individual foil at the European Championships in Zagreb

Jun 20

NBA finals – Miami Heat bt San Antonio Spurs 4-3. Finals and regular season MVP – LeBron James

Mediterranean Games start in Mersin, Turkey

Semi-final – India bt Sri Lanka

Ponting to retire from all forms of cricket in October

Gold Cup – Estimate (Ryan Moore), trained by Michael Stoute. First time that the race has been won by a reigning monarch

Ribblesdale Stakes – Riposte, trained by Lady Jane Cecil, who has been granted a temporary training license

Messi summoned over Spain tax fraud

Northants bowled out for 62 (Hogg 7-27) by Lancs

Abby Wambach breaks the international record for career goals, passing the 158 of fellow American Mia Hamm

Jun 21

Coronation Stakes – Sky Lantern

Bernard Hunt dies

Jun 22

Diamond Jubilee Stakes – Lethal Force

Thomas Chippendale dies after Hardwicke Stakes win

Leading jockey at Ascot – Johnny Murtagh

Leading trainer at Ascot – Aidan O’Brien

First Test (Brisbane) – Australia 21 Lions 23. Kurtley Beale misses a penalty with the last kick of the game

Eastbourne tournament. Men’s – Feliciano Lopez. Women’s – Elana Vesnina

Luis Alberto moves from Sevilla to Liverpool

Danish driver Allan Simonson killed during Le Mans race

European Team Athletics Championships (Gateshead) 1st Russia, 2nd Germany, 3rd GB

Veronica Campbell-Brown tests positive for a banned diuretic

Jun 23

Champions Trophy Final (Edgbaston) – India bt England by 5 runs. Match played over 20 overs. Man of the match – Ravi Jadeja

Golden bat, for most runs in the tournament – Shikhar Dhawan

Golden ball, for most wickets in the tournament – Ravi Jadeja

Gus Poyet sacked as manager of Brighton

Confederations Cup final tables –

Group A – Brazil, Italy, Mexico, Japan

Group B – Spain, Uruguay, Nigeria, Tahiti

Tahiti lost 6-1 to Nigeria, 10-0 to Spain, 8-0 to Uruguay

Le Mans – Audi (Allan McNish, Tom Kristensen and Loic Duval)

Wuxi Classic final – Robertson bt Higgins

British Jumping Derby (Hickstead) – Phillip Miller (GB) riding Caritiar Z

British National Road Race Championships. Men – Mark Cavendish, Women – Lizzie Armitstead

IRB Junior World Championship final – England U20 bt Wales U20

Jun 24

Wimbledon first round – Steve Darcis (Belgium) bt Nadal

Stanley Cup – Chicago Blackhawks bt Boston Bruins 4-2

Finals MVP – Patrick Kane (Chicago)

Regular season MVP – Alexander Ovechkin (Washington Capitals)

Anthony Bennett is the number one overall pick in the NBA Draft by the Cleveland Cavaliers. First number one pick to be born in Canada

Jun 25

First round – Robson bt Kirilenko (No. 10 seed)

Darren Lehman replaces Micky Arthur as coach of Australia

Former Ireland fast bowler Boyd Rankin makes his debut for England in T20 defeat to New Zealand at the Oval

Carlo Ancelotti takes over as Real Madrid manager, with Laurent Blanc replacing him as coach of Paris St-Germain

Sebastien Loeb will drive a Citroen in the World Touring Car Championship from 2014

Jun 26

Second round – Sergiy Stakhovsky (Ukraine) bt Federer

Tsonga, Cilic and Darcis retire through injury

Larcher De Brito bt Sharapova

Azarenka retires through injury

Semi-final – Brazil bt Uruguay

Somerset lose six wickets for no runs against Australia

Simon Mignolet moves from Sunderland to Liverpool

Rachel Yankey breaks Peter Shilton's all-time record of 125 England caps

Jun 27

Mark Webber to leave Formula 1 at the end of the season to join Porsche in sports cars

Semi-final – Spain bt Italy

Jun 28

Cal Crutchlow becomes the first British MotoGP rider to win pole position since Northern Ireland's Jeremy McWilliams at the Australian Grand Prix in 2002

Mercedes reprimanded by FIA for illegally using a current car in a Pirelli tyre test

Jun 29

Orica-GreenEdge team bus becomes wedged on the finish line at the end of stage 1 of the Tour de France in Corsica

Irish Derby – Trading Leather

Second Test (Melbourne) – Australia 16 Lions 15. Only try scored by Adam Ashley-Cooper. Leigh Halfpenny misses a penalty with the last kick of the game

Jamie Baker retires from tennis

Doncaster Belles lose WSL demotion appeal

Robson becomes first British woman to reach second week of Wimbledon since Sam Smith in 1998, and the first British woman since Jo Durie in 1987 to enter the WTA's Top 30

Carlos Tevez moves to Juventus

Greyhound Derby – Sidaz Jack

Jun 30

British GP – Rosberg, Webber, Alonso. Five cars had tyre punctures

Diamond League (Alexander Stadium, Birmingham). Wins for Farah, Shakes-Drayton, Ohuruogu, and Jessica Judd (800m)

Irish Open – Paul Casey

Third place play-off – Italy bt Uruguay

Confederations Cup final (Maracana) Brazil 3 (Fred 2, Neymar) Spain 0, ending Spain’s 29 match unbeaten run

US Women’s Open – Inbee Park

Jul 1

Fourth round – Lisicki bt Serena Williams, Kanepi bt Robson

Jul 3

O’Driscoll dropped from deciding Lions Test

Olympic rower Mark Hunter retires

Jul 4

Compton guests for Worcs against Australia

Semi-finals – Bartoli bt Flipkens, Lisicki bt Radwanska

Man Utd name Ryan Giggs as player-coach and Phil Neville as first-team coach

Jul 5

Semi-finals – Djokovic bt Del Potro in the longest-ever semi-final (4 hours 43 minutes), Murray bt Janowicz

Daryl Impey becomes the first South African leader of Tour de France

Jul 6

Final – Bartoli bt Lisicki. Bartoli’s 47th Grand Slam event

BBC apologizes after John Inverdale’s ‘You’re never going to be a looker’ comment about Marion Bartoli

Men’s doubles final – Bryan and Bryan bt Dodig and Melo and now hold all four Grand Slam titles

Women’s doubles final – Hsieh and Peng bt Barty and Dellacqua. Hseih becomes the first player from Taiwan to win a Grand Slam event

Paulinho moves from Corinthians to Spurs

Third Test (Sydney) – Australia 16 Lions 41. Man of the series – Halfpenny, who scored a record 49 points. Lions captained by Alan Wyn Jones

Eclipse Stakes – Al Kazeem

Chris Weidman defeats Anderson Silva, ending his streak of the longest title reign in UFC history

Jul 7

European Darts Championship final (Germany) – Lewis bt Whitlock

Final – Murray bt Djokovic 6-4, 7-5, 6-4. Murray lost three Championship points

Murray beat Becker, Lu, Robredo, Youzhny, Verdasco, Janowicz, and Djokovic

Mixed doubles final – Nestor and Mladenovic bt Soares and Raymond

French Open – McDowell

Jul 9

Four clubs involved in two play-off matches that ended 79-0 and 67-0 respectively have been suspended in Nigeria

Ewan McKenzie replaces Robbie Deans as coach of Australia

Jul 10

A spectator throws ''urine'' at Mark ''Cavendish''

Jul 12

Adam Gemili wins gold in the 100m at the European Athletics Under-23 Championships in Finland

Bell – 6000 Test runs

Broad refuses to walk after umpire Aleem Dar missed an obvious edge

Mohamed Al-Fayed sells Fulham to Shahid Khan, the owner of Jacksonville Jaguars

Jul 13

James Dasaolu clocks 9.91 seconds in the 100m semi-finals at the British Championships in Birmingham to become the second fastest Briton in history

Sharapova to be coached by Jimmy Connors

U20 World Cup final (Istanbul) France bt Uruguay. A ‘vanishing spray’ makes its FIFA debut during this tournament, with referees using it to denote the ten-yard mark for an opposing defence at time of free kicks

Man Utd beaten by Singha all Stars in Thailand in David Moyes’s first match in charge

Jul 14

First Test (Trent Bridge) England 215 (Siddle 5-50) and 375 (Bell 109) Australia 280 (Anderson 5-85) and 296 (Anderson 5-73). England won by 14 runs

Agar and Hughes 163 for final wicket in first innings. Ashton Agar 98 on debut. Highest Test score by a number 11

Australian Open final – Fu bt Robertson

Scottish Open (Castle Stuart) – Mickelson

Tyson Gay and Asafa Powell fail drug tests

Jul 16

Edinson Cavani moves from Napoli to Paris Saint-Germain for £54 million

BBC and BT Sport to show FA Cup from 2014–15

Papiss Cisse pulls out of Newcastle’s pre-season tour after refusing to wear shirt with Wonga logo on religious grounds

Todd Bennett dies

Jul 17

State of Origin – Queensland bt New South Wales

Jul 18

Bell scores century in third successive Ashes Test

Sky Bet to sponsor the Football League

Jul 19

Bert Trautmann dies

''Football Association'' launches its 150-year ''anniversary'' celebrations

Negredo moves from Sevilla to Man City

Jul 20

The Open. Third round leader – Westwood

Isle of Man finish top of medal table in Island Games, held in Bermuda

Paralympics World Championships start in Lyon

Speedway World Cup (Prague) – Poland

Jul 21

The Open (Muirfield) – Mickelson (-3), 2nd Stenson, 3rd Westwood, Poulter, Scott

Mickelson caddie – Jim ‘Bones’ Mackay

Silver medal – Matthew Fitzpatrick

2014 tournament will be held at Royal Liverpool, Hoylake

Second Test (Lords) England 361 (Bell 109, Harris 5-72) and 349-7 (Root 180) Australia 128 (Swann 5-44) and 235. England won by 347 runs

Bournemouth 0 Real Madrid 6

100th Tour de France – Froome (Team Sky) 2nd Nairo Quintana (Colombia)

Points – Peter Sagan

King of the Mountains – Nairo Quintana

Young Rider – Nairo Quintana

Team – Team Saxo-Tinkoff

First ever night finish in Paris

Grand Depart for 2014 Tour will be in Leeds

Jul 23

Former boxing world champion Emile Griffith dies. Born in US Virgin Islands

Jul 24

Gerardo Martino replaces Tito Vilanova as manager of Barcelona

Mo Farah breaks Steve Cram’s British 1500m record

Anne Keothavong retires

Copa Libertadores – Atletico Mineiro (Brazil)

Jul 25

Viktor Troicki banned for 18 months for failing to provide a blood sample during a mandatory drugs test at the Monte Carlo Masters

World Games start in Cali, Colombia

Jul 26

London Anniversary Games (Diamond League meeting) sponsored by Sainsbury’s

Skrill is the new title sponsor for the Football Conference Leagues

Jul 27

Bolt runs for Racing Track Club in 4x100m relay at London Anniversary Games

Challenge Cup semi-final – Wigan 70 London Broncos 0

King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes – Novellist

Jul 28

Hungarian GP – Hamilton, Raikkonen, Vettel

World Matchplay final (Blackpool) – Taylor bt Lewis. 14th title

Alan Oliveira breaks the T43 100m world record at the Paralympic Anniversary Games in London

Uefa Women’s Championship final (Stockholm) – Germany bt Norway. Germany goalkeeper Nadine Angerer saves two penalties. Sixth successive victory

England drew with Russia, and lost to Spain and France

British Senior Open – Mark Wiebe (USA)

CONCACAF Gold Cup final – USA bt Panama

BMX World Championships (Auckland) – Liam Phillips (GB)

Jul 29

World Swimming Championships (Barcelona) – Ruta Meilutyte (Lithuania) breaks the 100m breaststroke world record. Katie Ledecky breaks the 1500m world record

Usain Bolt accepts Mo Farah challenge of 600m track duel

Former Birmingham City player Christian Benitez (Ecuador) dies after a cardiac arrest

Jul 31

Sussex Stakes – Toronado

High dive. Silver – Gary Hunt

Aug 1

Goodwood Cup – Brown Panther, part-owned by Michael Owen

Doncaster Rovers sign One Direction singer Louis Tomlinson as a non-contract player

Aug 2

Broad – 200 Test wickets

Woods 61 in second round of WGC-Bridgestone Invitational

Aug 3

RideLondon Women's Grand Prix – Laura Trott

Super Rugby final – Chiefs bt Brumbies

Erik Zabel admits to doping

England drawn to play Australia in Melbourne on the opening day of the 2015 Cricket World Cup

Aug 4

Women’s British Open (St Andrews) – Stacy Lewis (USA)

Fran Halsall wins GB’s only medal in the pool – bronze in 50m freestyle

Missy Franklin claimed a record-setting six gold medals. Katie Ledecky was named ‘female swimmer of the meet’ after setting two world records and winning four gold medals. China's Sun Yang won three gold medals (400m, 800m and 1500m) and won ‘male swimmer of the meet’

Final medal table – 1st USA (15-10-9) 34, 2nd China (14-8-4) 26

London-Surrey Classic – Arnaud Demare (France)

Royal International Horse Show. King George V Gold Cup – Ben Maher

Bill Hoskyns dies. British fencer who appeared at six Olympic Games, winning two silver medals in 1960 and 1964

Andy North named as America’s Ryder Cup vice-captain

Aug 5

Third Test (Old Trafford) Australia 527-7 (Clarke 187, Swann 5-159) and 172-7 England 368 (Pietersen 113) and 37-3. England retain the Ashes

Alex Rodriguez suspended for 211 games in the wake of a doping investigation. He will, however, be allowed to play while the suspension is under appeal

Walter Smith resigns as chairman of Rangers

Roberto Soldado moves from Valencia to Spurs

Aug 8

Shaun Tait hat-trick for Essex against Notts in FLt20

Aug 9

Man Utd play Sevilla in Rio Ferdinand testimonial. David Moyes’s first home match

Hull City AFC to be renamed Hull City Tigers

Aug 10

World Athletics Championships start at Luzhniki Stadium, Moscow. Mascot – a sparrow

GB captain – Ohuruogu

First gold medal won by Kiplagat in women’s marathon

10,000m – Farah

Aug 11

Community Shield – Man Utd 2 (van Persie 2) Wigan 0

JP Morgan Premiership 7s – Gloucester

100m – Bolt. Silver – Gatlin. Bronze – Carter

US PGA (Oak Hill, Rochester) – Dufner. 2nd Furyk 3rd Stenson

Aug 12

Women’s 400m – Ohuruogu

Women’s 100m – Fraser-Pryce. Silver – Ahoure (Ivory Coast). Bronze – Jeter

Lara Prior-Palmer becomes the first Briton, first female rider and the youngest person to win the world's longest horse race, the 1000km Mongol Derby

Aug 13

400m – Lashawn Merritt

Women’s pole vault – Isinbayeva

U-21 international – England 6 Scotland 0

Fourth Test (Chester-le-Street) England 238 and 330 (Bell 113, Harris 7-117) Australia 270 (Rogers 110, Broad 5-71) and 224 (Broad 6-50). England won by 74 runs

Aug 14

Women’s Ashes Test (Wormsley) England drew with Australia. Heather Knight 157

Stewart Downing moves from Liverpool to West Ham

50km walk – Rob Heffernan (Ireland)

England 3 Scotland 2. Winning goal scored by Rickie Lambert on England debut

Metalist Kharkiv disqualified from the 2013–14 UEFA club competitions due to previous match-fixing. UEFA replace Metalist Kharkiv in the Champions League play-off round with PAOK

Aug 15

Marion Bartoli retires

High jump – Bondarenko

Aug 16

Adam Gemili becomes second British athlete to run 200m in under 20 seconds. Record held by John Regis

5000m – Farah

Women’s 200m – Fraser-Pryce

Maria Sharapova dumps coach Jimmy Connors after just one match

Aug 17

Premier League shirt sponsors. Aston Villa – dafabet, Cardiff City – Malaysia, Crystal Palace – GAC Logistics, Fulham – Marathon bet, Hull City – Cash Converters, Sunderland – bidvest, Swansea City – GWFX, Tottenham – hp, West Ham – Alpari

First goal in Premier League – Daniel Sturridge

FLt20 finals (Edgbaston). Semi-finals – Northants bt Essex, Surrey bt Hampshire. Final – Northants bt Surrey. David Willey 60 off 27 balls and a hat-trick

Gary Ballance century for England Lions against Australia. Born in Zimbabwe

Nathan Cleverly loses his WBO light-heavyweight title to Russian Sergey Kovalev

GB win 55 medals, including 18 golds, at IPC Swimming World Championships in Montreal. Ukraine finish top of medal table. 2015 competition will be held in Glasgow

Anna Nordqvist hits the first hole-in-one in Solheim Cup history

Women’s 100m hurdles – Brianna Rollins (USA). Silver – Pearson. Bronze – Porter

Women’s 4x400m relay. Bronze – GB (Child, Cox, Adeoye, Ohuruogu)

200m – Bolt

Arlington Million – Real Solution, after The Apache is disqualified

Aug 18

Solheim Cup (Colorado Golf Club) – Europe 18 USA 10

Caroline Hedwall (Sweden) becomes the first player in the history of the trophy to win all five of her matches. 17-year-old Charley Hull played for Europe

Matt Fitzpatrick becomes the first Englishman to win the US Amateur Championship

Women’s 4x100m relay. Bronze – GB (Asher-Smith, Nelson, Lewis, Jones), following France’s disqualification

Men’s 4x100m relay – Great Britain finish the race in third place but are disqualified after passing the baton outside the takeover zone on the second changeover

Russia win most gold medals (7). USA win most medals (25)

Gold medal winners – Russia, USA, Jamaica, Kenya, Germany, Ethiopia, GB, Czech Republic, Ukraine, France, Poland, Colombia, Croatia, Ireland, New Zealand, Sweden, Trinidad and Tobabo, Uganda

Darren Barker (GB) wins IBF world middleweight title

Aug 19

Monty Panesar moves from Sussex to Essex

Scott Parker moves from Spurs to Fulham

Aug 20

Hope Powell sacked as manager of the England women's football team after 15 years in charge

Aug 21

Debuts for Chris Woakes and Simon Kerrigan in Fifth Test

Aug 22

Gareth Southgate appointed as England U21 manager

European Showjumping Championships (Denmark). Gold – GB (Ben Maher, Michael Whitaker, William Funnell and Scott Brash)

Former New England Patriots tight end Aaron Hernandez is indicted for the murder of Odin Lloyd

Aug 23

European individual dressage – Charlotte Dujardin

Aug 24

Challenge Cup final – Wigan 16 Hull 0. Lance Todd Trophy – Matt Smith

Wigan’s 19th win

Women’s EuroHockey Nations Championship final (Belgium) – Germany bt England

Modern Pentathlon World Championships (Taiwan) –

Men’s. Silver – Nick Woodbridge (GB)

Women’s team. Gold – GB

World’s Strongest Man – Brian Shaw (USA)

First season of Caribbean Premier League won by Jamaica Tallawahs

Aug 25

Fifth Test (The Oval) Australia 492-9 (Watson 176, Smith 138) and 111-6 England 377 and 205-5. Match drawn. England win series 3-0. Men of the series – Bell and Harris

Leading run scorer – Bell. Leading wicket taker – Swann

Haddin sets new record of 29 dismissals in a five-Test series

Belgian GP – Vettel, Alonso, Hamilton

Cardiff win first match in Premier League, against Man City

Team New Zealand defeat Italy's Luna Rossa in the Louis Vuitton Cup finals to set up the 34th America's Cup clash with holders Oracle in San Francisco

Men's EuroHockey Nations Championship final – Germany bt Belgium

Johnnie Walker Championship – Tommy Fleetwood (England)

World’s Strongest Man – Brian Shaw (USA)

Aug 26

Hugh Morris quits as managing director of the England and Wales Cricket Board and is appointed as the county's chief executive and managing director of Glamorgan

Malaysia to host inaugural EurAsia Cup in 2014

Aug 27

Capitol One Cup – Bristol City bt Crystal Palace

Birmingham City's Lee Novak is allowed to score an unopposed equalizer after Yeovil manager Gary Johnson decided Bryon Webster's goal had been ‘ungentlemanly’. Webster had chipped into an empty net after the Birmingham goalkeeper had kicked the ball out following an injury

Aug 28

Minor Counties Trophy final – Berkshire bt Shropshire

Special Olympics start in Bath

Ginger-beer maker Crabbie's is named new sponsor of the Grand National and race festival for three years

Aug 29

Cliff Morgan dies

T20 international (Southampton) Australia 248-6 (Finch 156, including 14 sixes) England 209-6

Austria Wien will make their debut appearance in the Champions League group stage

From the start of the Aviva Premiership Rugby season, the league will be part of a global trial of a new scrum engagement sequence, aimed at enhancing player welfare by reducing impact on engagement. Referees will now say: ‘Crouch, Bind, Set.’

Aug 30

Uefa Super Cup (Prague) Bayern Munich bt Chelsea. Romelu Lukaku missed in penalty shoot-out. Ramires sent off

Josh Lewsey appointed as Welsh Rugby Union head of rugby

Aug 31

World Rowing Championships (South Korea)

Women’s pair – GB (Helen Glover and Polly Swann)

T20 international (Chester-le-Street) England 195-5 (Hales 94) Australia 168-9

England win Women’s Ashes series by 12 points to 4

US Open third round – Robredo bt Dan Evans (who had beaten Nishikori and Tomic)

Sep 1

British MotoGP – Lorenzo

Wales Open – Gregory Bourdy

League leaders shield – Huddersfield

Bale moves to Real Madrid for £85 million

Women’s BMX downhill world championships – Rachel Atherton

Canoe sprint World Championships (Duisburg) –

K2 200. Silver – GB (Liam Heath and Jon Schofield)

Men’s eights – GB

Sep 2

Arsenal sign Mesut Ozil from Real Madrid for £42.4m

Marouane Fellaini joins Man Utd from Everton for £27.5m

Liverpool sign centre-backs Mamadou Sakho and Tiago Ilori for a combined fee of £25m

Everton sign Wigan midfielder James McCarthy for £13m

Everton sign Romelu Lukaku from Chelsea and ''Gareth Barry'' from Manchester City on ''loan''

Daniel Ricciardo to replace Mark Webber at Red Bull next season

Fourth round – Robredo bt Federer

Sep 4

Oracle Team USA docked two points and have three crew members banned from America’s Cup

FA chairman Greg Dyke says the England team should aim to reach the semi-final of Euro 2020 and win the World Cup in 2022

Sep 5

Quarter-final – Wawrinka bt Murray

Men’s doubles semi-final – Paes and Stepanek bt Bryan and Bryan

Ollie Rayner has match figures of 15-118 for Middlesex against Surrey

Salford City Reds are relaunched as Salford Red Devils

Sep 6

Final Diamond League meeting held in Brussels

Overall winners –

100m – Gatlin

200m – Weir

400m – Merritt

Women’s 100m and 200m – Fraser-Pryce

Women’s 400m – Montsho

Discus thrower Sandra Perkovic (Croatia) was the only unbeaten athlete

Only British winner was Shara Proctor

Mixed doubles final – Miryni and Hlavackova bt Gonzalez and Spears

Semi-finals – Azarenka bt Pannetta, Williams bt Li Na

Ross Barkley (Everton) wins first England cap, against Moldova

Sep 7

2020 Olympic vote (Buenos Aires) – 1st Tokyo, 2nd Istanbul, 3rd Madrid

Semi-finals – Djokovic bt Wawrinka, Nadal bt Gasquet

Women’s doubles final – Hlavackova and Hradecka bt Barty and Dellacqua

Sep 8

Wrestling reinstated as an Olympic sport for the 2020 and 2024 Games after being voted in ahead of baseball/softball and squash

Michael Clarke 105 in second ODI

Italian GP – Vettel, Alonso, Webber

European Masters – Bjorn

Men’s doubles final – Paes and Stepanek bt Peya and Soares

Burghley Horse Trials – Andrew Nicholson. Jonathan Paget was stripped of his title after his horse failed a drugs test

Walker Cup (Long Island) – USA 17 GB & Ireland 9

Final – Williams bt Azarenka. 17th Grand Slam singles title

Aparecidense physio Romildo Fonseca da Silva, known as 'Lefty', runs on the pitch and saves two shots in a match in Brazil

Sep 9

Greg Abbott, the third longest-serving manager in English football, is sacked by Carlisle

Final – Nadal bt Djokovic. 13th Grand Slam singles title

Antonio Cairoli wins Motocross World Championship for fifth successive year

Sep 10

Lampard wins 100th England cap, against Ukraine

Luxembourg bt Northern Ireland

Former fencing gold medallist Thomas Bach from Germany is elected as the new president of the International Olympic Committee

Sep 11

Raikkonen will replace Massa at Ferrari next year

Matthew Hoggard to retire at end of the season

Trapattoni leaves as Republic of Ireland manager

Widnes chief executive James Rule becomes a part-owner of the club. The disgraced former Hull boss got a two-year suspension in 2011 for his conduct in the botched Martin Gleeson drug test cover-up

Baruto Kaito, the first Estonian sumo wrestler to win the makuuchi (top division) championship in history, announces his retirement

Sep 12

England drop to 17th in Fifa world rankings

Sep 13

Salford City Stadium, home of Salford Red Devils and Sale Sharks, is to be renamed The AJ Bell Stadium as part of a new sponsorship deal

Sep 14

Women’s ITU World Triathlon title – Non Stanford (GB). 2nd Jodie Stimpson (GB)

England bt Australia in fourth ODI. Hat-trick for Clint McKay

St Leger – Leading Light (Joseph O’Brien), trained by Aidan O’Brien

Jim Furyk shoots 59 to equal the record for the lowest 18-hole score in PGA Tour history in round two of the BMW Championship in Illinois

Sep 15

Chris Horner (USA) becomes the oldest ever Grand Tour winner with victory in the Vuelta a Espana at the age of 41

Great North Run – Bekele. 2nd Farah

ITU World Triathlon title – Javier Gomez. 2nd Jonathan Brownlee

Evian Championship – Suzann Pettersen

Inbee Park won three of the five women’s majors

Gareth Bale scores on his Real Madrid debut against Villarreal

Davis Cup – GB bt Croatia

David Florence becomes the first canoe slalom paddler to win both the C1 and C2 world titles in the same year

Marin Cilic suspended for nine months after testing positive for a banned substance

Debut for Chris Jordan in fifth ODI. Watson 143. Stokes 5-61. Australia win series 2-1

Sep 16

Women’s county championship – Sussex

Sep 18

Sue Barker steps down as a presenter of Sports Personality of the Year

Sep 19

Ken Norton dies

Super League play-off – Huddersfield 76 Hull 18

Sep 20

Alex Rodriguez hits his 24th career grand slam, the most by any player in Major League Baseball history, passing Lou Gehrig's 23

Sep 21

YB40 final – Notts bt Glamorgan. Notts captain – Chris Read

Sep 22

Tour of Britain – Wiggins. Cavendish wins three stages

Singapore GP – Vettel, Alonso, Raikkonen

Paolo Di Canio sacked by Sunderland

Henrik Stenson becomes the first European winner of both the Tour Championship and FedEx Cup titles, and wins the £6.3 million FedEx Cup bonus

EuroBasket – France

Italian Open – Julien Quesne (France)

Shanghai Masters – Ding Junhui

All-Ireland Gaelic Football Final – Dublin bt Mayo

Sep 23

Sam Tomkins will leave Wigan at the end of the Super League season to join NRL side New Zealand Warriors for a world record fee

'''England Test squad for Australia: '''Cook, Root, Trott, Pietersen, Bell, Balance, Carberry, Bairstow, Stokes, Prior, Broad, Swann, Anderson, Panesar, Finn, Rankin, Tremlett

Sep 24

Canadian Michael Downey succeeds Roger Draper as chief executive of the Lawn Tennis Association

Road World Championships (Italy) –

Women’s time trial – Ellen van Dijk (Netherlands)

Scottish League Cup – Morton bt Celtic

Sep 25

Men’s time trial – Tony Martin. 2nd Wiggins

Stephen Lee banned for 12 years after being found guilty of seven match-fixing charges

London to host 2016 Track World Championships

League Cup – Birmingham bt Swansea

Rugby League Writers’ Association Player of the Year – Danny Brough

America’s Cup (San Francisco) – Oracle Team USA bt Team New Zealand 9-8, after being 8-1 behind. Skipper – James Spithill. Tactician – Ben Ainslie. As holders Oracle chose 72ft catamarans with rigid wing sails

Sep 26

18-year-old Surrey’s Dominic Sibley becomes the youngest ever player to score 200 in a Championship innings, and the second-youngest player after W.G. Grace to score a first-class hundred in England. Student at Whitgift School

Sep 27

County Championship – Durham. Captain – Paul Collingwood

Relegated – Derbyshire. Surrey

Promoted – Lancashire, Northants

Most runs – Moeen Ali (Worcs)

Most wickets – Graham Onions (Durham)

Brian Cookson elected president of the International Cycling Union

Tiger Woods is named as the PGA Tour's Player of the Year for a record 11th time

Sep 28

Cambridgeshire Handicap – Educate

Women’s road race – Vos

Leyton Orient become last team to lose 100% record

Nigel Clough sacked as manager of Derby

AFL Grand Final – Hawthorn bt Fremantle

All-Ireland Hurling Final replay – Clare bt Cork

Sep 29

Women’s Super League – Liverpool Ladies

Men’s road race – Rui Costa (Portugal)

Alfred Dunhill Links Championship – David Howell

Berlin marathon – Wilson Kipsang, in a world record time of 2:03:23

Vikings bt Steelers at Wembley

Championship Grand Final – Sheffield Eagles bt Batley Bulldogs

Sep 30

Steve McClaren appointed as manager of Derby

Roberto Mancini appointed as manager of Galatasaray

Jos Buttler moves from Somerset to Lancashire

Man of Steel – Danny Brough

Oct 1

Lamar Hunt U.S. Open Cup final – D.C. United bt Real Salt Lake

England name three Burgess brothers in squad for rugby league World Cup

Oct 2

Ryan Giggs makes 145th appearance in Champions League, breaking Raul’s record

Oct 3

World Gymnastics Championships (Antwerp) –

Men’s all-around – Kohei Uchimura (Japan) wins his fourth straight title. 4th Max Whitlock

PCA Player of the Year – Moeen Ali

Young Player of the Year – Ben Stokes

Oct 4

Afghanistan will play in the World Cup for the first time in 2015 after beating Kenya in their final qualifying match

Continental Cup final – Arsenal Ladies bt Lincoln

Women’s all-around – Simone Biles (USA)

2014 X-Games in Tignes will not happen as ESPN announce that they are scaling back the X-Games franchise and concentrating on events in the USA

Oct 5

Super League Grand Final – Wigan bt Warrington. Harry Sunderland Trophy – Blake Green

Pommel horse. Silver – Max Whitlock

Floor – Japan's Kenzo Shirai wins gold and becomes the first athlete to perform a quadruple twist

Rugby Championship – New Zealand

Speedway Grand Prix (world championship) – Tai Woffinden

Oct 6

Seve Trophy (St-Nom-La-Breteche)– Continental Europe bt Great Britain & Ireland

Qatar Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe – Treve (Thierry Jarnet)

Vault. Bronze – Kristian Thomas

President’s Cup (Muirfield Village, Ohio) – USA bt Internationals

Champions League T20 final (Delhi) – Mumbai Indians bt Rajasthan Royals

NRL Grand Final – Sydney Roosters bt Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles

Oct 7

Bill Sweeney named as the British Olympic Association's new chief executive officer, replacing Andy Hunt who stepped down in February

Oct 8

Gus Poyet appointed as manager of Sunderland

Oct 9

Hot Spot dropped for Ashes series

Oct 10

Tendulkar will retire from all forms of cricket after playing his 200th Test next month

WNBA finals –Minnesota Lynx bt Atlanta Dream

Oct 11

Formula 1 reserve racing driver Maria De Villota is found dead in a hotel room in Seville

Andros Townsend scores on England debut, against Montenegro

Oct 12

Cesarewitch – Scatter Dice

Timothy Bradley retains his WBO welterweight title with a victory over Juan Manuel Marquez

Oct 13

Japanese GP – Vettel, Webber, Grosjean

Alonso breaks Schumacher’s all-time F1 points record

Portugal Masters – David Lynn

Ironman World Championships (Hawaii). Men – Frederik Van Lierde (Belgium)

Women – Mirinda Carfrae (Australia). 2nd Rachel Joyce GB) 3rd Liz Blatchford (GB)

World Grand Prix final (Dublin) – Taylor bt Dave Chisnall

League of Ireland – St Patrick's Athletic

Winmau World Masters – Stephen Bunting

Oct 15

British racing driver Sean Edwards dies in a crash at the Queensland Raceway in Australia

England bt Poland to qualify for football World Cup

Harry Wilson becomes Wales’s youngest-ever player, aged 16

Elite League final – Poole Pirates bt Birmingham Brummies

Oct 16

India (362-1) pull off the second-highest run chase in one-day internationals, against Australia

PGA Grand Slam of Golf (Bermuda) – Adam Scott. 2nd Justin Rose

Paul Downton appointed as ECB managing director

Oct 17

Roy Hodgson forced to apologize for ‘feed the monkey’ joke which was allegedly racist against Andros Townsend

Oct 18

Indian Open final – Ding Junhui bt Aditya Mehta, the first Indian player to make the last four of a major ranking event

Toulouse bt Saracens at Wembley in front of a crowd of 61,428 – a record for a Heineken Cup pool game in Britain

European Track Championships (Netherlands) –

Men’s team pursuit – GB

Women’s team pursuit – GB

Omnium – Trott

Germany finish top of the medal table

Oct 19

Bristol's British and Irish Cup game at Aberavon is abandoned after a deep hole appeared on the Talbot Athletic pitch

Gerrard scores 100th goal in Premier League

Champion Stakes – Farhh

Italy bt England in Rugby League World Cup warm-up match

Oct 20

Roy Hodgson and Rio Ferdinand join FA commission

World Superbike Championship – Tom Sykes (GB), riding a Kawasaki

Indy Car series title – Scott Dixon (New Zealand)

World Seniors Championship – Steve Davis

Oct 21

Russian Daniil Kvyat, aged 19, will race for Toro Rosso next season

World Amateur Boxing Championships (Kazakhstan) –

Flyweight. Bronze – Andrew Selby (Wales)

Middleweight. Bronze – Anthony Fowler (England)

Oct 23

Ian Holloway leaves as manager of Crystal Palace

Oct 25

South Africa penalized five runs for ball tampering during the second Test against Pakistan

Oct 26

Suarez hat-trick against WBA

Oct 27

Indian GP – Vettel, Rosberg, Grosjean. Fourth consecutive world title for Vettel

WTA Championships final (Istanbul) – Serena Williams bt Li Na

49ers bt Jaguars at Wembley

BMW Masters (Shanghai) – Gonzalo Fernandez-Castano

Oct 28

Fiji play rugby league world cup match in Rochdale. Fijians have played for Rochdale since 1961

World Billiards Championship – David Causier (points), Peter Gilchrist (timed)

Oct 30

World Series – Boston Red Sox bt St Louis Cardinals 4-2. Series MVP – David Ortiz

Bale scores first two goals for Real Madrid in 7-3 win against Sevilla

Ross Brawn to leave Mercedes

Nov 2

Man City 7 Norwich 0

Begovic scores for Stoke against Southampton

Ryan Hall overtakes Sam Tomkins to become England’s all-time leading rugby league try scorer

Saracens’ ex-rugby league centre Joel Tomkins makes his England debut against Australia

Rohit Sharma becomes only the third man to score a double century in one-day international cricket, smashing 209 from 158 balls for India against Australia. His 16 sixes breaks Shane Watson's previous ODI record of 15

Nov 3

Fed Cup final – Italy bt Russia

Abu Dhabi GP – Vettel, Webber, Rosberg

WGC-HSBC Champions tournament (Shanghai) – Dustin Johnson

World Championship squash final (Manchester) – Nick Matthew bt Gregory Gaultier

Ding Junhui secures his third ranking title in a row with victory in the final of the International Championship in Chengdu

Nov 4

Billingham Town play with the minimum-allowed number (seven) in order to avoid a fine for forfeiting the match against Stockton Town in the Durham Challenge Cup but lose 14-0

Nov 5

Melbourne Cup – Foirente

Negredo hat-trick for Man City against CSKA Moscow

Martin O'Neill and Roy Keane appointed as the Republic of Ireland coaching team

Nov 7

AP McCoy rides Mountain Tunes to victory at Towcester, to become the first jump jockey to ride 4000 winners

Royal London to sponsor 50-over county cricket competition next year

Nov 8

Under-17 World Cup final (Abu Dhabi) – Nigeria bt Mexico

Nov 9

ATP World Finals group standings –

Group A – Nadal, Wawrinka, Berdych, Ferrer

Group B – Djokovic, Federer, Del Potro, Gasquet

Champion jockey – Richard Hughes

Champion apprentice jockey – Jason Hart

Champion trainer – Richard Hannon

BT Sport wins the rights to show all Champions League and Europa League matches from 2015

AFC Champions League – Guangzhou Evergrande. First Chinese winners

Top scorer and MVP – Muriqui (Guangzhou Evergrande, born in Brazil)

Nov 10

MotoGP final standings – 1st Marc Marquez (Honda), 2nd Jorge Lorenzo (Yamaha), 3rd Dani Pedrosa (Honda)

Marquez (Spain) is youngest MotoGP champion, aged 20

Constructors’ champion – Honda

Moto2 – Pol Espargaro

Moto3 – Maverick Vinales

Semi-finals – Djokovic bt Federer, Nadal bt Wawrinka

CAF Champions League – Al-Ahly (Egypt)

Nov 11

Final – Djokovic bt Nadal

Doubles final – Marrero and Verdasco bt Bryan and Bryan

Massa to replace Maldonado at Williams next year

Nov 12

Cartier racehorse of the year – Treve

Nov 13

Pride Park to be renamed the iPro Stadium

Kevin Magnussen will replace Perez at McLaren next year

Nov 14

Heiki Kovalainen will replace Kimi Raikkonen at Lotus for the final two races of the season after Michael Schumacher turned down the opportunity

Nov 15

England debuts for Adam Lallana, Jay Rodriguez, and Fraser Forster in home defeat to Chile

Frank Lampard wins 100th cap

Tendulkar 74 (c Sammy b Deonarine) in 200th and final Test, against West Indies in Mumbai

Birmingham to host 2018 World Indoors Athletics Championships

Raimondo D'Inzeo dies

Nov 16

Launchbury scores England’s only try against New Zealand. Dan Carter wins 100th cap

World Athletes of the Year – Bolt and Fraser-Pryce

Paddy Power Gold Cup – Johns Spirit

Nov 17

Davis Cup final – Czech Republic bt Serbia. Stepanek bt Lajovic in deciding rubber

Wales Rally GB – Sebastien Ogier

World championship – Ogier (Volkswagen Polo R)

World Tour Championship (Dubai) – Stenson, who becomes the first man to win the Race to Dubai and FedEx Cup in the same year

Hurricane Fly sets a world record for Grade One victories (17)

United States GP (Circuit of the Americas, Austin) – Vettel, Grosjean, Webber

Grand Slam of Darts final (Wolverhampton) – Taylor bt Robert Thornton

Jimmie Johnson wins his sixth NASCAR Sprint Cup championship title

Nov 18

Sir Henry Cotton Rookie of the Year award – Peter Uihlein (USA)

Nov 19

Matchroom Sport revives Champion of Champions to replace Premier League Snooker. Last won in 1980 by Doug Mountjoy

Gibraltar draw with Slovakia in first-ever match

England 0 Germany 1 (Mertesacker). First time since 1977 that England have lost two consecutive home games (against Wales and Scotland)

Nov 21

Pietersen – 100 Test matches

National League MVP – Andrew McCutchen (Pittsburgh Pirates). American League MVP – Miguel Cabrera (Detroit Tigers)

Demolition of Don Valley Stadium starts

Nov 22

Richard Hannon to retire at the end of the year

Nov 23

World Cup semi-finals – New Zealand bt England, Australia bt Fiji

Tony Pulis appointed as manager of Crystal Palace

Carl Froch retains his WBA and IBF super-middleweight titles with a controversial stoppage of George Groves at Manchester Arena. Referee – Howard Foster

Scott Quigg retains his WBA super-bantamweight title

Nov 24

First Test (Brisbane) – Australia 295 (Broad 6-81) and 401-7 (Warner 124, Clarke 113) England 136 and 179 (Johnson 5-42). Australia won by 381 runs

Champion of Champions final (Ricoh Arena) – O’Sullivan bt Bingham

Man City 6 Spurs 0

World Cup of Golf (Melbourne) – Australia (Scott and Day). Individual – Day

Brazilian GP – Vettel, Webber, Alonso

Vettel equals Ascari’s record of nine consecutive wins

Vettel equals Schumacher’s record of 13 wins in a season

Button breaks Coulthard’s UK record of 246 GPs

Max Chilton becomes the first driver to finish every race of his rookie season

Final standings – 1st Vettel 397 points, 2nd Alonso 242, 3rd Webber

Constructors – 1st Red Bull, 2nd Mercedes, 3rd Ferrari

Grey Cup – Saskatchewan Roughriders bt Hamilton Tiger-Cats

Japan Cup – Gentildonna

Nov 25

Bill Foulkes dies

Jonathan Trott leaves the Ashes tour of Australia because of a long-standing stress-related condition

Michael Clarke is fined 20% of his match fee for warning England's James Anderson to ‘expect a broken arm’

Nov 26

Shortlist for Sports Personality of the Year award – Ainslie, Bell, Cockroft, Farah, Froome, Halfpenny, McCoy, Murray, Ohuruogu, Rose

Jonathan Paget is set to lose his Burghley title after his horse failed a drugs test

T20 competition to be called NatWest T20 Blast next year

Nov 28

WTA Tour Player of the Year – Serena Williams

FA criticized for failing to act after £1 million was staked on Asian betting exchanges on Conference match between Billericay Town and Welling

Nov 30

William Hill Sports Book of the Year – ‘Doped: The Real Life Story of the 1960s Racehorse Doping Gang’, Jamie Reid

World Cup final (Old Trafford) – Australia 34 New Zealand 2. Man-of-the-match Jonathan Thurston kicks 14 points

Hennessy Gold Cup – Triolo d’Alene

European Curling Championships (Stavanger) –

Men's team – Switzerland

Women's team – Sweden

Dec 1

Australian Open – McIlroy

Nedbank Golf Challenge – Thomas Bjorn

Rene Meulensteen replaces Martin Jol as manager of Fulham

Scottish Cup – Hearts 0 Celtic 7

Players Championship final – Van Gerwen bt Taylor

Assem Allam, the Egyptian-born businessman and owner of Hull City, tells the club's fans, whom he refers to as hooligans, that they can "die as soon as they want" following protests against his plans to rename the club Hull Tigers

Dec 2

British Figure Skating Championships. Men – Matthew Parr. Women – Jenna McCorkell

BBC African Footballer of the Year – Yaya Toure

Dec 3

IRB Awards –

World Player of the Year – Kieran Read (New Zealand)

Team of the Year – New Zealand. Won all 14 Tests in 2013

Coach of the Year – Steve Hansen

Hulkenberg to rejoin Force India next year

Adidas unveil official 2014 World Cup ball named Brazuca

PGA Tour Player of the Year – Woods. Rookie of the year – Jordan Spieth (USA)

Dec 4

Suarez scores four goals against Norwich and has now scored 11 in last four matches against Norwich

Trainer Gerard Butler banned for five years for doping offences

McDonald Bailey dies. Born in Trinidad. Won bronze medal in 100m for GB at 1952 Olympic Games

Dec 5

Sunday Times and Sky Sports Sportswomen of the Year – Ohuruogu

Young Sportswoman of the Year – Becky James

Dec 6

World Cup draw – England will play Italy (Manaus), Uruguay (Sao Paulo), and Costa Rica (Belo Horizonte) in Group D

Bristol Academy boss Mark Sampson is appointed as the new head coach of the England women's team

Dec 7

Selby makes the 100th 147 break in the history of professional snooker, against Walden

MLS Cup final – Sporting Kansas City bt Real Salt Lake

Dec 8

World Challenge – Zach Johnson

Statoil Masters final (Albert Hall) – Rafter bt Henman

Legends final – McEnroe bt Wilander

European Cross Country Championships (Belgrade) –

Women’s – GB. Individual silver medal – Gemma Steel

Men’s individual bronze medal – Andy Vernon

UK Championship final – Robertson bt Selby

Matt Prater (Denver Broncos) sets NFL record with 64-yard field goal

Dec 9

Second Test (Adelaide) – Australia 570-9 (Clarke148, Haddin 118) and 132-3 England 172 (Johnson 7-40) and 312. Australia won by 218 runs

Formula 1 to award double points at the final race of the season from 2014

Ex-Portsmouth player Sam Sodje is secretly filmed by the Sun on Sunday describing how he punched an opponent in a League One game to get a red card in exchange for £70,000

Dec 11

Galatasaray vs Juventus played over two days due to snow

Barcelona 6 (Neymar 3) Celtic 1

Dec 12

Soldado hat-trick for Spurs against Anzhi Makhachkala

Force India replace Paul di Resta with Sergio Perez

Sam Egerton (Oxford) becomes the first player in Varsity Match history to be sent off

International Tennis Federation World Champions – Djokovic and Serena Williams

Dec 13

ICC Cricketer of the Year and Test Cricketer of the Year – Michael Clarke

London Broncos agree a groundshare with Barnet

Adrian Sutil to drive for Sauber next year

Dec 14

Man City 6 Arsenal 3

Dec 15

Steve Clarke sacked as manager of WBA

BBC Sports Personality of the Year (First Direct Arena, Leeds) 1st Murray, 2nd Halfpenny, 3rd McCoy

Overseas Personality – Vettel

Coach – Gatland

Team – British and Irish Lions

Young Personality – Amber Hill (15-year-old skeet shooter)

Diamond Award – Alex Ferguson

Helen Rollason award – Anne Williams (Hillsborough justice campaigner)

Unsung heroes – Joe and Maggie Forber (basketball coaches)

Dec 16

Villas-Boas sacked as manager of Spurs

George Bailey equals the world record for the most runs scored off a Test over, scoring 28 off James Anderson

Dec 17

Third Test (Perth) – Australia 385 (Smith 111) and 369-6 (Warner 112, Watson 103) England 251 and 353 (Stokes 120). Australia won by 150 runs

European Tour Golfer of the Year – Stenson

FIFA Club World Cup semi-final – Bayern Munich bt Guangzhou Evergrande

Shane Shillingford banned from bowling by the ICC

Dec 18

FIFA Club World Cup semi-final –Raja Casablanca bt Atletico Mineiro

''Giuseppe Sannino'' replaces Zola as manager of Watford

Djokovic appoints Becker as head coach

Dec 20

PDC World Championship second round – Michael Smith bt Taylor

Dec 21

IBF world bantamweight title – Stuart Hall (GB)

David Coleman dies

Duel in the Pool (Glasgow) – USA bt Europe

FIFA Club World Cup Final (Marrakesh) – Bayern Munich bt Raja Casablanca

Dec 22

Graeme Swann retires

Gloucester vs Worcester delayed after a giant inflatable rugby ball broke one of the crossbars

Royal Trophy – Europe bt Asia

World Women's Handball Championship – Brazil

South Africa fall eight runs short of a world-record run chase against India by finishing on 450-7

Laura Renwick is crowned the leading rider at the London International Horse Show at Olympia. Ben Maher wins grand prix finale

Dec 23

Tim Sherwood appointed as manager of Spurs

Denver Broncos quarterback Peyton Manning breaks the NFL record for touchdown passes in a season

Dec 24

Ron Noades dies

Dec 26

Record crowd for a Test match of 91,092 at first day of Melbourne Test

King George VI Chase – Silviniaco Conti

Dec 27

Malky Mackay sacked as manager of Cardiff City by chairman Vincent Tan

Stefan Edberg joins Roger Federer's coaching team

Dec 28

Welsh National – Mountainous

Hull 6 Fulham 0

Cook becomes youngest batsman to reach 8000 Test runs

Dec 29

Clarke – 8000 Test runs

Fourth Test (Melbourne) – England 255 (Johnson 5-63) and 179 (Lyon 5-50) Australia 204 and 233-2 (Rogers 116). Australia won by 8 wickets

Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race – Wild Oats XI

Michael Schumacher suffers a head injury while skiing in Meribel, France

Anelka celebrates goal for WBA with quenelle gesture (inverted Nazi salute)

Dec 30

Jacques Kallis retires. Scored 13,289 Test runs. Scored his 45th Test hundred in his final match, against India

Dec 31

New Years Honours –

CBE – Ann Jones, David Bernstein, Karren Brady

OBE – Dave Bedford, Rachel Yankey, Geoff Miller

MBE – Katy McLean (England rugby union captain)

Sport and Leisure/Sport 2012

2021-04-18T22:42:59Z

Admin: Created page with "Jan 1 Istanbul is the European Capital of Sport 2012 Motorcyclist Jorge Martinez Boero from Argentina dies during Dakar Rally Nicolas Anelka moves to Shanghai Shenhua PDC..."

Jan 1

Istanbul is the European Capital of Sport 2012

Motorcyclist Jorge Martinez Boero from Argentina dies during Dakar Rally

Nicolas Anelka moves to Shanghai Shenhua

PDC semi-final – Lewis bt Wade 6-5, after being 5-1 behind

Jan 2

Gary Ablett, the only player to win the FA Cup with Liverpool and Everton, dies

PDC final – Adrian Lewis bt Andy ‘The Hammer’ Hamilton

Jan 4

Tim Howard scores from inside his own penalty area for Everton against Bolton

Jan 5

Steve McClaren returns to Twente FC

Sebastien Buemi to be Red Bull reserve driver

Michael Clarke 329 for Australia against India

Jan 6

Jordan Rhodes scores five goals for Huddersfield against Wycombe

Jason Kenny promoted to World individual sprint champion after Gregory Bauge is suspended for drug test infringements (race was in March 2011)

Four Hills Tournament – Gregor Schlierenzauer (Austria)

Brian Thompson becomes the first British sailor in almost two decades to take the Jules Verne Trophy after trimaran Banque Populaire V completes the fastest circumnavigation in history

Jan 7

FA Cup third round – Swindon bt Wigan

Hopman Cup final – Czech Republic (Kvitova and Berdych) bt France (Bartoli and Gasquet)

Jan 8

Marcel Hirscher (Austria) wins first three World Cup slalom events of 2012

Africa Open – Oosthuizen

Neil Warnock sacked by QPR

Jan 9

Thierry Henry scores winning goal for Arsenal against Leeds

Ballon d’Or – Messi wins for the third time

Coach of the Year – Pep Guardiola

Women's Player of the Year – Homare Sawa

Puskas Award for best goal – Neymar

Jan 10

Handball Arena renamed the Copper Box because, aside from handball, it will also host modern pentathlon (fencing) during the Olympics and will be the goalball venue for the 2012 Summer Paralympics

Jan 12

BDO quarter-final – O’Shea bt Adams

Women’s semi-final – Dobromyslova bt Gulliver

Jan 13

Winter Youth Olympic Games open in Innsbruck

WBA grant Amir Khan a rematch against Lamont Peterson

BDO Women’s final – Dobromyslova bt Deta Hedman (England)

Jan 15

Dhoni becomes the first captain to be suspended for bowling a slow over-rate during India's defeat by Australia

BDO final – Christian Kist (Netherlands) bt O’Shea

Ted Hankey defects to PDC

BBL Cup final (NIA Birmingham) – Newcastle Eagles bt Plymouth Raiders

NFL divisional playoffs – New York Giants bt Green Bay Packers

Dakar Rally (Mar Del Plata to Lima) – Stephane Peterhansel wins in a Mini Countryman, his fourth win in cars category, tenth win overall. Motorbikes – Cyril Despres wins for the fourth time

Jan 16

James Ward, Heather Watson, Laura Robson, Elena Baltacha, and Anne Keothavong all lose on the opening day of the Australian Open

Darlington's administrators terminate the contracts of the club's interim manager Craig Liddle and the remaining playing staff

Jan 17

Bruno Senna signs to drive for Williams

Jan 18

Gareth Bale is the only Premiership player to be named in the Uefa Team of the Year

Jan 19

Chris Ashton to move from Northampton to Saracens next season

First Test (Dubai) – Pakistan bt England. Saeed Ajmal takes 10 wickets in the match

Chris Coleman appointed as manager of Wales

Canadian freestyle skier Sarah Burke dies from injuries sustained in a training accident

Liverpool sign a six-year kit deal with US sports firm Warrior Sports

Jan 20

St Louis Rams will play one of their regular season home games in the UK in each of the next three years

Jan 21

Equatorial Guinea beat Libya in the opening game of the 2012 Africa Cup of Nations

Clint Dempsey hat-trick for Fulham vs Newcastle. Dempsey is the leading US goal scorer in the Premier League

Jan 22

Saracens are the only English team to qualify for quarter-finals of Heineken Cup

Biarritz, Harlequins, and Scarlets drop into the Amlin Challenge Cup quarter-finals, as the best runners-up in the Heineken Cup pools

Holly Bleasdale breaks her own British indoor pole vault record and moves to second on the all-time world list with a clearance of 4.87m

Masters final (Alexandra Palace) – Robertson bt Murphy. Sponsored by BGC Partners

Britain wins silver medal in two-girl bobsleigh (Mica McNeill and Jazmin Sawyers) at Winter Youth Olympics

Germany finish top of medal table at Winter Youth Olympics

Jan 24

Ponting – 13,000 Test runs

Carling Cup semi-final – Cardiff bt Crystal Palace

Ross Ford will captain Scotland in the Six Nations

Jan 25

Men’s indoor bowls – defending champion Paul Foster is knocked out by 18-year-old Ross Owen in the first round

Carling Cup semi-final – Liverpool bt Man City

Eddie Stobart becomes the new sponsor of Super League on a three-year deal

Jan 26

Fred.Olsen Cruise Lines Women's World Indoor Championships final (Potters Leisure Resort, Great Yarmouth) – Karen Murphy (Australia) bt Debbie Stavrou

Ricky Burns is confirmed as full WBO lightweight champion after Mexican boxer Juan Manuel Marquez moved up to the welterweight division

Semi-finals – Azarenka bt Clijsters, Sharapova bt Kvitova

Semi-final – Nadal bt Federer

Jan 27

Women’s doubles final – Kuznetsova and Zvonareva bt Errani and Vinci

Boy’s doubles – Liam Broady and Joshua Ward-Hibbert (GB)

Alex moves from Chelsea to Paris St Germain, managed by Carlo Ancelotti

Southern Kings (South Africa) to join Super Rugby in 2013

Semi-final – Djokovic bt Murray

Jan 28

Men’s doubles final – Paes and Stepanek bt Bryan and Bryan

Final – Azarenka bt Sharapova

Azarenka is new world number one

Second Test (Sheikh Zayed Stadium, Abu Dhabi) – Pakistan 257 and 214 (Panesar 6-62) England 327 and 72 (Rehman 6-25). A record number of 29 batsmen were bowled or lbw in the match

Jan 29

Final – Djokovic bt Nadal. Match lasted 5’ 53”, a record for a Grand Slam final

Mixed doubles final – Tecau and Mattek-Sands bt Paes and Vesnina on a champions tie-break

Indoor bowls men’s final – Andy Thomson bt Jason Greenslade

Andy Thomson, aged 56, also won the title in 1994 and 1995

Abu Dhabi Championship – Robert Rock

New Zealand amateur Lydia Ko becomes the youngest winner of a professional golf tour event, at the age of 14, winning the New South Wales Open

PartyPoker.com Snooker Shoot-Out final (Blackpool) – Hawkins bt Dott

Nick Dempsey, Paul Goodison and the women's match racing trio of Lucy Macgregor, Annie Lush and Kate Macgregor all win gold at the Miami World Cup regatta

Jan 30

Chris Robshaw (Harlequins) is named captain for England's first two Six Nations games

Jan 31

Adrian Sutil given an 18-month suspended sentence for GBH

Spectator handcuffs himself to a goalpost at Everton vs Man City match

Nikica Jelavic moves from Rangers to Everton

Louis Saha moves from Everton to Spurs

Keith Andrews moves from Blackburn to WBA

Bobby Zamora moves from Fulham to QPR

Feb 1

Final standings –

Group A – Zambia, Equatorial Guinea, Libya, Senegal

Group B – Ivory Coast, Sudan, Angola, Burkina Faso

Group C – Gabon, Tunisia, Morocco, Niger

Group D – Ghana, Mali, Guinea, Botswana

Matches in Equatorial Guinea played in Malabo and Bata

Matches in Gabon played in Libreville and Franceville

Simon Grayson sacked as Leeds manager

Zimbabwe Football Association suspends 80 players including members of the Zimbabwe national football team on suspicion of participation in match-fixing

Feb 2

Angelo Dundee dies

Feb 3

John Terry loses England captaincy

Paul O’Connell will captain Ireland in the Six Nations

Sergio Parisse will captain Italy in the Six Nations

Feb 4

Arsenal 7 (Van Persie 3) Blackburn 1

Hodgson scores only try in Calcutta Cup. England debuts for Dowson, Farrell and Barritt

Ben Morgan, who was qualified for Wales, makes England debut as substitute

Feb 5

Qatar Masters – Paul Lawrie

Scottish Cup – Dundee Utd bt Rangers

German Masters final – O’Sullivan bt Maguire

Super Bowl XLVI (Lucas Oil Stadium, Indianapolis) – New York Giants bt New England Patriots. Winning touchdown scored by Ahmad Bradshaw. MVP – Eli Manning. Coach – Tom Coughlin

Half-time entertainment – Madonna

Giants fourth win in the Super Bowl

Super Bowl XLVII will be held at the Mercedes-Benz Superdome in New Orleans

PDC World Cup of Darts final (Hamburg) – England (Taylor and Lewis) bt Australia

Feb 6

Third Test (Dubai Sports City Cricket Stadium) Pakistan 99 and 365 (Azhar Ali 157, Younis Khan 127) England 141 and 252. Pakistan win series 3-0

Pakistan become the first side since 1907 to win a Test after making fewer than 100 in the first innings

Cook – 6000 Test runs

Court of Arbitration for Sport bans Alberto Contador for two years for doping

Andy Schleck is named as winner of 2010 Tour de France

Michele Scarponi is named as winner of 2011 Giro d’Italia

Laureus Sports Awards (Central Hall, Westminster) –

World Sportsman of the Year: Novak Djokovic

World Sportswoman of the Year: Vivian Cheruiyot

World Team of the Year: Barcelona

World Breakthrough of the Year: Rory McIlroy

World Comeback of the Year: Darren Clarke

Lifetime Achievement Award: Bobby Charlton

Action Sportsperson of the Year: Kelly Slater (American surfer, fourth win)

Feb 7

Dan Parks retires from international rugby

Feb 8

Wales lock Bradley Davies will miss the rest of the Six Nations after being banned for seven weeks for his tip tackle on Ireland's Donnacha Ryan

World Cup-winning rugby star Sonny Bill Williams wins the New Zealand heavyweight title

Fabio Capello resigns after questioning the FA’s decision to strip John Terry of the England captaincy on Italian TV

Harry Redknapp and Milan Mandaric found not guilty of tax evasion

Arantxa Sanchez Vicario blames parents for mismanaging $60 million in career winnings

Feb 9

Stuart Pearce to take charge of England for friendly against Netherlands

Josh Gifford dies

Skeleton World Cup – Shelley Rudman

Feb 10

Federer loses to John Isner, his first Davis Cup defeat in nine years

Jeremy Lin scores 38 points for New York Knicks against LA Lakers. An Adidas store in central Taipei sells out of 1000 Linsanity T-shirts in a few hours

Feb 11

Hodgson scores only try against Italy. First match played at Stadio Olympico

France vs Ireland postponed due to frozen pitch. First match postponed since 1985

Suarez refuses to shake hands with Evra

Third-place play-off – Mali bt Ghana

St Helens play first Super League match at Langtree Park

Feb 12

Dubai Desert Classic – Rafael Cabrera-Bello

Davis Cup (Glasgow) – GB bt Slovakia. Dan Evans wins both his singles matches

Odimwingie hat-trick for WBA against Wolves

First-ever World Cup skiing race in Russia, at Rosa Khutor course in Sochi

Hennessey Cognac Irish Gold Cup – Quel Esprit

African Cup of Nations final (Libreville) – Zambia 0 Ivory Coast 0. Zambia win 8-7 on penalties. Ivory Coast did not concede a goal in the tournament. 19 years since air crash in Gabon killed 18 members of the Zambian football team

Feb 13

Mick McCarthy sacked by Wolves

Cook 137 in first ODI against Pakistan in Abu Dhabi

Feb 14

FIFA warns the Argentine Football Association against renaming their top league after the ARA General Belgrano cruiser

Detroit Red Wings set a new record of 21 consecutive home victories in the National Hockey League

Feb 15

Cook 102 in second ODI

Feb 17

Essex cricketer Mervyn Westfield jailed for four months after admitting a corruption charge relating to a 40-over game against Durham in 2009

Portsmouth enter administration and are docked 10 points

World Club Challenge – Leeds Rhinos bt Manly Sea Eagles. Man of the match – Ryan Hall

London World Cup (Olympic Velodrome) –

Women’s Team Sprint – GB (Pendleton and Varnish)

Women’s Team Pursuit – GB (King, Trott and Rowsell)

Guus Hiddink appointed as manager of Dagestan team Anzhi Makhachkala on a salary of $13 million a year

Feb 18

Neil Warnock appointed as manager of Leeds

Vitali Klitschko retains his WBC heavyweight world championship in Munich, beating Dereck Chisora. Chisora and Haye involved in brawl at news conference following the fight. Chisora fined for slapping Klitschko at pre-fight weigh-in and spitting water at Wladimir Klitschko

Black Caviar wins 19th successive race in Australia

Pietersen 111 in third ODI

Kierin – Hoy

Women’s Pursuit – Jo Rowsell

Feb 19

Brighton score three own goals in 6-1 defeat to Liverpool in FA Cup

Individual Sprint – Hoy

Women’s Omnium. Bronze – Laura Trott

Omnium is six events spread over two days

Welsh Open final – Ding bt Selby

UK Indoor Athletics Grand Prix held in Birmingham. Sponsored by Aviva

Feb 20

Ricky Ponting dropped from Australia ODI team

Feb 21

Danny Briggs (Hampshire) makes England debut in fourth ODI. Pietersen 130. England win series 4-0

Feb 22

Porto, last year’s winners of the Europa League, are knocked out by Man City

The inaugural edition of India's Premier League Soccer (PLS) has been postponed because of a lack of venues. The six-team competition was due to kick off in West Bengal

Feb 24

Terry Connor to manage Wolves until end of the season

Feb 25

Scott Williams scores only try in Wales vs England match. First time that Wales have won the Triple Crown at Twickenham

Lampard becomes the first player to score at least 10 goals in nine successive seasons in the Premier League

Feb 26

Giggs plays 900th match for Man Utd

Carling Cup final – Liverpool 2 Cardiff 2. Liverpool win 3-2 on penalties. Anthony Gerrard (Steven’s cousin) missed the last penalty. Man of the match – Stewart Downing

WGC Matchplay final (Arizona) – Hunter Mahan bt McIlroy

Third-place play-off – Mark Wilson bt Westwood

Luol Deng becomes the first Briton to play in the NBA's annual All-Star Game

Stuart Hogg becomes youngest try scorer in Six Nations, for Scotland against France

Feb 27

Rose Bowl to be known as the Ageas Bowl after Hampshire sign a sponsorship deal with the insurance company

Pietersen carries his bat in third T20 match. England win series 2-1

Feb 28

Eoin Morgan dropped from the England Test squad to face Sri Lanka

Feb 29

Robben scores winning goal for Netherlands against England, captained by Scott Parker

Costa Rica bt Wales in Gary Speed tribute match

Dereck Chisora receives indefinite ban from WBC

Mar 1

Dave Jones replaces Gary Megson as manager of Sheffield Wednesday

Mar 2

Dan Christian hat-trick for Australia against Sri Lanka in ODI

Dave Charnley, lightweight boxer known as ‘The Dartford Destroyer’, dies

Major League Baseball expands its playoffs to ten teams

Mar 3

Japanese rider Hiroshi Hoketsu, the oldest competitor at the 2008 Beijing Olympics, has won an individual dressage slot at the London Games and will take part aged 71

Mar 4

Rory McIlroy moves to the top of the world rankings after winning the Honda Classic

Pavel Pogrebnyak hat-trick for Fulham against Wolves

Andre Villas-Boas sacked by Chelsea. Roberto de Matteo appointed as manager until end of the season

France draw with Ireland in Six Nations

World Open final (Haikou, China) – Allen bt Lee

Mar 5

Former West Indies batsman Runako Morton dies

Great Britain's rhythmic gymnasts are set to compete at London Olympics after winning an appeal against their exclusion

Mar 6

Champions League – AC Milan bt Arsenal

Lewis Moody retires

Mar 7

Barcelona 7 (Messi 5) Bayer Leverkusen 1

Apoel Nicosia bt Lyon to become first Cypriot team to reach last eight of Champions League

Mar 8

Ellie Simmonds becomes the first swimmer to break a world record at London’s Aquatic Centre, in 200m individual medley

Mar 9

British team captain Tiffany Porter, born in America, fails to sing national anthem at press conference

Rahul Dravid retires from international cricket. Scored 13,288 runs in 164 Tests and holds the world record of 210 outfield Test catches

Port Vale enter administration and are deducted 10 points

World Indoor Athletics Championships start in Istanbul

Pentathlon – Nataliya Dobrynska (Ukraine). Silver – Ennis

Men’s Ski Jumping World Cup – Anders Bardal (Norway)

Women’s Ski Jumping World Cup – Sarah Hendrickson (USA)

European Grand Prix to be discontinued in 2013, with the Spanish Grand Prix alternating between Barcelona and Valencia

Mar 10

Drogba becomes first African player to score 100 Premier League goals

Women’s triple jump – Yamile Aldama (GB). Aldama has formerly represented Cuba and Sudan

Women’s 60m hurdles – Sally Pearson. Silver – Tiffany Porter

60m – Justin Gatlin. Bronze – Chambers

David Moyes celebrates 10th anniversary as Everton manager

Canadian skier Nick Zoricic dies after crashing in a skicross race in Switzerland

Mar 11

Widnes win first match in Super League, against Wigan

WGC-Cadillac Championship – Justin Rose

Football League Player of the Year – Rickie Lambert (Southampton)

League One award – Jordan Rhodes (Huddersfield)

League Two award – Matt Ritchie (Swindon)

'''Outstanding managerial achievement –''' Gus Poyet

Women’s 60m – Veronica Campbell-Brown

800m. Bronze – Andrew Osagie (GB)

Women’s pole vault. Bronze – Holly Bleasdale

Women’s long jump. Bronze – Shara Proctor (GB). Proctor competed at the Commonwealth Games for Anguilla

Women’s 4x400m relay – GB (Cox, Sanders, Ohuruogu, Shakes-Drayton)

Men’s 4x400m relay. Silver – GB

USA win 10 gold medals

GB finish second in medal table with nine medals (2-3-4)

A number of the GB medals were won by ‘Plastic Brits’

Charlie Sharples debut for England against France. Tom Croft scores winning try

Wesley Fofana scores tries in his first four internationals for France

Paris-Nice – Bradley Wiggins. Only previous British winner was Tommy Simpson in 1967

Lin Dan wins his fifth All England badminton men's singles title

Mar 12

Arsenal become the first team in the Premier League to come from behind and win four games in a row

Mar 13

Champion Hurdle – Rock on Ruby (Noel Fehily), trained by Paul Nicholls

Arkle Trophy – Sprinter Sacre

Gerrard hat-trick against Everton

Challenge Cup final – Nottingham Panthers bt Belfast Giants

Champions League – Bayern Munich 7 (Mario Gomez 4) Basle 0

Mar 14

Queen Mother Champion Chase – Finian’s Rainbow (Barry Geraghty), trained by Nicky Henderson

Nicky Henderson has four winners at Cheltenham Festival and breaks record for number of festival winners

Five horses die during the first two days of the Cheltenham Festival

Newcastle Falcons appoint Dean Richards as director of rugby for the start of next season

Dereck Chisora has his boxing licence withdrawn by the British Boxing Board of Control

Mar 15

World Hurdle – Big Buck’s (Ruby Walsh), trained by Paul Nicholls. Fourth win in the race brings Big Buck’s level with Sir Ken’s run of 16 successive hurdle wins set in the early 1950s

Ryanair Chase – Riverside Theatre, owned by James Nesbitt

Europa League – Athletic Bilbao bt Man Utd, Sporting Lisbon bt Man City

Scottish Football Association charges Rangers and owner Craig Whyte with seven breaches of its rules

Mar 16

Mervyn Davis dies

Sachin Tendulkar scores his 100th international century in a one-day Asia Cup game against Bangladesh in Mirpur

Gold Cup – Synchronised (Tony McCoy), trained by Jonjo O’Neill. 2nd The Giant Bolster, 3rd Long Run

McCoy’s second win in Gold Cup. First was Mr Mulligan in 1997

Leading jockey – Barry Geraghty (5 winners)

Leading trainer – Nicky Henderson (7 winners)

Rugby League Varsity Match (Richmond Athletic Ground) – Oxford bt Cambridge

England Women win Six Nations Grand Slam

Mar 17

Alex Cuthbert scores only try for Wales against France. Wales win Grand Slam

Final table – Wales, England, Ireland, France, Italy, Scotland

England win three away matches, the first time this has been achieved

Leading try scorer – Tommy Bowe (5 tries)

Leading points scorer – Leigh Halfpenny (66 points)

Kevin Sinfield become Leeds’ all-time leading points scorer

Fabrice Muamba suffers cardiac arrest during Bolton vs Spurs FA Cup tie

Mar 18

Formula 1 teams –

McLaren – Button, Hamilton

Red Bull – Vettel, Webber

Ferrari – Alonso, Massa

Mercedes – Schumacher, Rosberg

Lotus – Grosjean, Raikkonen

Williams – Senna, Maldonado

Force India – Hulkenberg, Di Resta

Toro Rosso – Ricciardo, Jean-Eric Vergne (France)

Sauber – Kobayashi, Perez

Marussia – Glock, Charles Pic (France)

Caterham – Petrov, Kovalainen

HRT – De la Rosa, Karthikeyan

Tyre compounds – hard (silver), medium (white), soft (yellow), super-soft (red), intermediate (green), full wet (blue)

Prime (harder) and option (softer) compounds must be used in a dry race, failing which a driver will be disqualified

Australian GP – Button, Vettel, Hamilton

LV= Cup final (Worcester) – Leicester bt Northampton

Scottish Communities League Cup final – Kilmarnock 1 (Van Tornhout) Celtic 0

Luke Donald wins Transitions Championship and returns to the top of the world rankings

Indian Wells final – Federer bt Isner

Skiing World Cup. Men’s overall – Marcel Hirscher (Austria)

Women’s overall – Lindsey Vonn wins for the fourth time

Andalucía Open – Julien Quesne (France)

Mar 19

Channel 4 secures a four-year deal to broadcast the Grand National, the Derby and Royal Ascot from 2013

Royce Simmons sacked as St Helens head coach

Mar 20

Leeds 3 Nottingham Forest 7

Messi breaks Barcelona goal scoring record (232 goals)

Payton Manning signs for Denver Broncos. Tim Tebow is traded to the New York Jets

Mar 21

Six Nations Player of the Championship – Dan Lydiate (Wales)

Carlos Tevez plays against Chelsea as Man City set a new premier league record of 20 straight home wins

Mar 22

Branden Grace loses a ball in a bunker in Hassan Trophy

Championship League Snooker final – Ding bt Trump

Mar 23

BBL Trophy final – Newcastle Eagles bt Plymouth Raiders

Mar 24

Cards held aloft by the Bolton fans spell out ‘MUAMBA 6’ in the stands before the match against Blackburn

Al-Masry Club is banned for two seasons from the Egyptian Premier League following the Port Said Stadium disaster

Mar 25

Malaysian GP – Alonso, Perez, Hamilton. First podium for Sauber

JP Trophy final – Chesterfield bt Swindon

Jocky Wilson dies

Hassan Trophy (Morocco) – Michael Hoey

Arnold Palmer Invitational – Tiger Woods

Ford World Women's Curling Championship final (Canada) – Switzerland bt Sweden

Elite League champions – Belfast Giants

Hong Kong Sevens final – Fiji bt New Zealand

Mar 26

Claudio Ranieri sacked as manager of Inter Milan

Chris Cairns awarded £90,000 in damages after allegations on Twitter that he was involved in match-fixing

Mar 27

Graham Lee switches to Flat racing

Five players sent off following a brawl at the end of the Bradford vs Crawley match

Bradford Bulls announce that they need to raise £1 million to stay in business

Mar 28

Terry Venables joins Wembley FC as a technical adviser

LA Dodgers to be sold to a consortium that includes Magic Johnson

Mar 29

First Test (Galle) – Sri Lanka bt England. Centuries for Jayawardene and Trott. Herath takes 12 wickets in the match

Stuart Lancaster appointed as England manager

Northampton flanker Calum Clark is banned for eight months after he admits injuring Leicester hooker Rob Hawkins in the LV= Cup final

Lancashire bt MCC in Abu Dhabi

Mar 30

Aston Villa captain Stiliyan Petrov diagnosed with acute leukaemia

All-weather jockeys’ championship – Joe Fanning

Mar 31

Dubai World Cup – Monterosso

Lincoln Handicap – Brae Hill

Harlequins defeat Saracens in front of a world record club rugby crowd of 83,761 fans at Wembley

Sunderland end Man City’s run of successive home league wins at 20

Tommy Davis wins the first race at the Olympic Park, a five-mile run

Dylan Hartley banned for eight weeks for biting the finger of Ireland’s Stephen Ferris during the Six Nations

Apr 1

China Open final – Ebdon bt Maguire

Ramsdens Challenge Cup final – Falkirk bt Hamilton

World Figure Skating Championships (Nice). Men’s – Patrick Chan (Canada), Women’s – Carolina Kostner (Italy)

Apr 2

Gavin Henson sacked by Cardiff Blues for drunken behaviour on a flight from Glasgow to Cardiff

Apr 3

Sri Lanka's Thilan Samaraweera scores the two millionth run in Test cricket

Nathan Brown will become the new head coach of St Helens when his contract with Huddersfield Giants expires at the end of the season

Apr 4

Sale Sharks will groundshare with rugby league side Salford City Reds from next season

Director of rugby Ian McGeechan will leave Bath at the end of the season

World Track Cycling Championships start at Hisense Arena, Melbourne

Men’s team pursuit – GB

Men’s 15km scratch race – Ben Swift

Rain and lightning wash out the end of the Par 3 tournament at the Masters, leaving Harrington and Jonathan Byrd as the champions

Harrington becomes the first golfer to win the event three times

Apr 5

Masters first round leader – Westwood

Women’s team pursuit – GB (King, Trott, Rowsell)

Apr 6

Women’s sprint – Pendleton

Apr 7

Women’s omnium – Trott

Heineken Cup quarter-final – Edinburgh bt Toulouse

Kilmarnock 0 Celtic 6. Celtic win title for 43rd time

Boat race halted because of a swimmer in River Thames. Cambridge win the re-started race after Oxford break an oar. Alex Woods of Oxford collapses after the race

Second Test (Colombo) – England bt Sri Lanka. Pietersen 151. Swann takes 10 wickets in the match

Masters third round leader – Peter Hanson

Apr 8

Kierin – Hoy

Davis Cup (Glasgow) – Belgium bt GB

Heineken Cup quarter-final – Clermont Auvergne bt Saracens

Trenton Oldfield charged under the Public Order Act for swimming near boats in Boat Race

Pietersen to play for Delhi Daredevils in IPL

Ford World Men’s Curling Championship final (Switzerland) – Canada bt Scotland (skip – Tom Brewster)

Masters – Bubba Watson bt Oosthuizen in a play-off. 3rd equal – Westwood

Oosthuizen albatross on second hole. Holes-in-one for Bo Van Pelt and Adam Scott

Elite League play-off final – Nottingham Panthers bt Cardiff Devils

Durham MCCU bowled out for 18 by Durham

Apr 9

Irish Grand National – Lion Na Bearnai (Andrew Thornton)

Apr 10

Richard Lewis, the chairman of the Rugby Football League, is appointed chief executive at Wimbledon

Apr 11

Wisden Cricketers of the Year – Kumar Sangakkara, Alistair Cook, Tim Bresnan, Glen Chapple, and Alan Richardson (Worcestershire)

Susie Wolff is named as a development driver for the Williams Formula One team

Apr 12

World Championship fourth qualifying round – Ben Woolaston bt Steve Davis, Liu Chuang bt Jimmy White

Big Buck's records 17th straight career win by landing the Liverpool Hurdle at Aintree for the fourth consecutive year

BetFred Bowl – Follow The Plan (Tom Doyle)

Apr 13

Melling Chase – Finian’s Rainbow (Barry Geraghty)

Always Waining wins a third consecutive Topham Chase

Adam Hollioake embarks on a new career in mixed martial arts

Apr 14

Nico Rosberg takes his first pole position at Chinese Grand Prix

Grand National – 1st Neptune Collonges (Daryl Jacob), trained by Paul Nicholls, 2nd Sunnyhillboy, 3rd Seabass (Katie Walsh)

Synchronised and According to Pete suffer fatal injuries

Norwich 1 Man City 6 (Tevez 3)

FA Cup semi-final – Andy Carroll scores winning goal for Liverpool against Everton

Brad Jones plays in goal for Liverpool after Reina and Doni were sent off in two previous matches

Ex-Italy under-21 footballer Piermario Morosini dies following a suspected heart attack on the pitch in Serie B match

BBL Championship – Newcastle Eagles

Tyson Fury wins Irish heavyweight title

Apr 15

Chinese GP – Rosberg, Button, Hamilton

Maiden win for Rosberg. Mercedes' first victory since the 1955 Italian Grand Prix

Scottish Cup semi-final – Hearts bt Celtic

World Championship fifth qualifying round – Luca Brecel (Belgium) bt Mark King

17-year-old Brecel will become the youngest ever person to play at the Crucible

FA Cup semi-final – Chelsea 5 Spurs 1. Mata’s goal did not cross the line

Gebreselassie beats Radcliffe in head-to-head half-marathon in Vienna, in the ‘Emperor versus the Queen’ race

England Hockey League Championship men’s play-off final – Reading bt East Grinstead

England Hockey League Championship women’s play-off final – Leicester bt Reading

Arsenal beaten by Frankfurt in semi-final of Women’s Champions League

Malaysian Open – Oosthuizen

Apr 19

Force India team members are forced to flee as petrol bombs are hurled over their vehicle on their way back from the Bahrain Grand Prix track

Man Utd top football’s rich list

Rob Howley appointed as caretaker coach of Wales

Apr 20

Wales and Sheffield United striker Ched Evans jailed for five years for rape

Apr 21

Scottish Grand National – Merigo (Timmy Murphy)

World Snooker Championship. Hendry 147 against Bingham

Mark Williams says he ‘hates’ Sheffield's Crucible Theatre

Philip Humber of the Chicago White Sox pitches a perfect game against the Seattle Mariners

Apr 22

Bahrain GP – Vettel, Raikkonen, Grosjean

First podium finish for Grosjean

Man Utd 4 Everton 4

London Marathon. Men’s – Wilson Kipsang, Women’s – Mary Keitany, Men’s wheelchair – David Weir (sixth win), Women’s wheelchair – Shelly Woods

Fed Cup – Sweden bt GB

Rafael Nadal wins his eighth straight Monte Carlo Open

Indonesian Masters – Lee Westwood

Mark Allen accuses Cao Yupeng of dishonesty during his first-round defeat

Professional Footballers' Association's Player of the Year – Robin van Persie

PFA Young Player of the Year – Kyle Walker

China Open – Branden Grace. Third win of the year

Apr 23

Rangers are given a 12-month transfer embargo by the Scottish Football Association, which also bans owner Craig Whyte for life

Apr 24

Olympic Games football draws –

Men’s – '''Group A:''' Great Britain, Senegal, United Arab Emirates, Uruguay

Women’s – '''Group E:''' Great Britain, New Zealand, Cameroon, Brazil

Champions League semi-final – Chelsea bt Barcelona. John Terry sent off

Reanne Evans wins eighth successive women's World Championship snooker title

Ricky Ponting overtakes Rahul Dravid to become Test cricket's second-highest run-scorer

Football Writers' Association Player of the Year – Robin van Persie

Apr 25

Ding Junhui hits out at fans and conditions following his defeat by Ryan Day

Champions League semi-final – Bayern Munich bt Real Madrid

Monterrey (Mexico) retain the CONCACAF Champions League title

Apr 26

Indianapolis Colts select Andrew Luck as the first pick in the 2012 NFL draft

Terry Spinks dies

Kevin Durant (Oklahoma) wins the NBA scoring title for the third successive year

Apr 27

Chanderpaul becomes the 10th batsman in history to pass 10,000 Test runs

Pep Guardiola will stand down as Barcelona coach at the end of the season and will be replaced by assistant Tito Vilanova

British & Irish rugby union Cup – Munster A

Sophie Hitchon breaks British hammer record

Apr 28

Second round – Hendry bt Higgins

Graham Alexander scores for Preston in his 1023rd and final match before retirement

Heineken Cup semi-final – Ulster bt Edinburgh

Suarez hat-trick for Liverpool against Norwich

Lyon win French Cup final against third division Quevilly, who were seeking to become the first amateurs to lift the trophy

Champion jockey – Tony McCoy (17th successive year). 2nd Richard Johnson

Champion trainer – Paul Nicholls

Apr 29

Chelsea 6 (Torres 3) QPR 1

Heineken Cup semi-final – Leinster bt Clermont Auvergne

Women’s Premier League – Sunderland

Tour de Romandie – Bradley Wiggins

Dwain Chambers cleared to run at Olympics as the BOA loses its battle with the World Anti-Doping Agency (Wada) over lifetime Olympic bans at the Court of Arbitration for Sport (Cas)

Rolex Kentucky – William Fox-Pitt riding Parklane Hawk

Apr 30

Badminton Horse Trials cancelled because of heavy rain

Man City 1 (Kompany) Man Utd 0

Lucas Podolski to move from Cologne to Arsenal in the summer

May 1

Roy Hodgson appointed as England manager after agreeing a four-year deal

Amy Williams retires

Stephen Hendry announces his retirement after a 13-2 defeat by Stephen Maguire

Fabian Cowdrey makes debut for Kent. Son of Chris Cowdrey

May 2

Sussex bowled out for 58 by Leeds/Bradford MCCU

May 3

Old Trafford will host the final of the Rugby League World Cup in 2013

May 5

2000 Guineas – Camelot (Joseph O’Brien), trained by Aidan O’Brien

Semi-finals – Carter bt Maguire, O’Sullivan bt Stevens

FA Cup final – Chelsea 2 (Ramires, Drogba) Liverpool 1 (Carroll)

Man-of-the-match – Juan Mata. Voted for by supporters

Drogba becomes first player to score in four finals

Ashley Cole gains seventh winners medal

Aviva Premiership – Harlequins finish top of the league. Newcastle finish bottom

Giro d’Italia starts in Denmark

Nigeria's top international scorer, Rashidi Yekini, dies

Kentucky Derby – I’ll Have Another

Leinster finish top of RaboDirect Pro12 league

Lionel Messi scores 73 goals in all competitions in 2011–2012 season

May 6

1000 Guineas – Homecoming Queen (Ryan Moore), trained by Aidan O’Brien

Gray Pearl was fatally injured in the stalls before the race

Scottish Players’ Player of the Year and PFA Scotland Player of the Year – Charlie Mulgrew (Celtic)

Spanish Open – Francesco Molinari

Statue of Bobby Robson unveiled at St James’ Park

May 7

Kiteboarding to replace windsurfing at 2016 Rio Olympics

Final – O’Sullivan bt Carter 18-11

Chicken draped in a Blackburn Rovers flag stops play in match against Wigan

May 8

Premiership Rugby Player of the Year – Chris Robshaw

'''Discovery of the Season – Owen Farrell'''

'''Director of Rugby of the Season – Rob Baxter (Exeter)'''

Leading points scorer – Tom Homer (London Irish), 278 points

Leading try scorer – Rob Miller (Sale Sharks), 10 tries

May 9

Alison Williamson selected for archery team, and will compete at her sixth successive Olympic Games

Wayne Rooney’s horse Pippy finishes last in its first race at Chester

Europa League final (Bucharest) – Atletico Madrid bt Athletic Bilbao. Falcao, who scored the winning goal for Porto in last year’s final, scores twice. Atletico Madrid managed by Diego Simeone

FA Youth Cup final – Chelsea bt Blackburn

May 10

Rafael Nadal and Novak Djokovic threaten to avoid next year's Madrid Open if the slippery blue clay surface remains

May 11

Barclays Manager of the Season and LMA Manager of the Year – Alan Pardew

Barclays Player of the Season – Vincent Kompany

May 12

Pastor Maldonado gains first-ever pole position at Spanish GP after Lewis Hamilton is excluded because he did not have enough fuel to return to the pits

Women’s Modern Pentathlon World Championship – Mhairi Spence (GB)

FA Trophy final – York City bt Newport County

BBL play-off final – Newcastle Eagles bt Leicester Riders

May 13

Man City 3 QPR 2. Winning goal scored by Aguero. First title since 1968

Final table – 1st Man City, 2nd Man Utd, 3rd Arsenal, 4th Spurs

Relegated – Bolton, Blackburn, Wolves

Leading scorer – Van Persie (30)

Gary Hooper scores five goals for Celtic against Hearts

Final table – 1st Celtic, 2nd Rangers, 3rd Motherwell

Leading scorer – Gary Hooper (24)

Relegated – Dunfermline

Scottish First Division – Ross County

Scottish Second Division – Cowdenbeath

Scottish Third Division – Alloa

Highland League – Forres Mechanics

FA Vase – Dunston UTS

Consortium headed by Charles Green agrees a deal to buy Rangers

Spanish GP – Maldonado, Alonso, Raikkonen

Maiden victory for Maldonado. First victory for Williams since Montoya in 2004

After the race Williams suffers a fire in its pit garage, leaving 31 people injured

Great Britain international speedway rider Lee Richardson dies following a crash in Poland

Euroleague Basketball – Olympiacos Piraeus

London's O2 Arena is to host the 2013 and 2014 Euroleague Final Fours

Players Championship (Sawgrass) – Matt Kuchar

IRB Sevens World Series – New Zealand

May 14

Alex McLeish sacked as Aston Villa manager

Carlos Tevez holds up a mock tombstone banner with the words 'R.I.P. Fergie' at Man City victory parade

ECB Cricketer of the Year – James Anderson

ECB Women’s Cricketer of the Year – Charlotte Edwards

Ruud van Nistelrooy, currently playing for Malaga, retires

May 15

Premier League 20 Seasons Awards. Manager – Ferguson. Player – Giggs

May 16

Kenny Dalglish sacked as Liverpool manager

Uncapped Arsenal midfielder Alex Oxlade-Chamberlain and Norwich goalkeeper John Ruddy included in England's 23-man squad for Euro 2012, captained by Steven Gerrard

May 17

Women’s Champions League final – Lyon bt Frankfurt

McCoy's Crisps Premier League Darts final – Taylor bt Whitlock

May 18

Nicola Adams, Natasha Jonas, and Savannah Marshall qualify for Olympic boxing tournament

Amlin Challenge Cup final (Twickenham Stoop) – Biarritz bt Toulon

Principality Premiership Grand Final – Pontypridd bt Llanelli

Scottish Premiership – Melrose

Ulster Bank All-Ireland League – St Mary’s College

May 19

Scottish Cup final – Hearts 5 Hibernian 1

Championship play-off final – West Ham bt Blackpool. Winning goal scored by Ricardo Vaz Te

Promoted – Reading, Southampton, West Ham

Relegated – Portsmouth, Coventry, Doncaster

Leading scorer – Rickie Lambert (Southampton), 27 goals

Champions League final (Allianz Arena, Munich) – Chelsea 1 Bayern Munich 1. Chelsea win penalty shoot-out. Goal and winning penalty scored by Drogba

Ryan Bertrand makes his debut for Chelsea

Chelsea are first new winners of Champions League since Borussia Dortmund in 1997

Heineken Cup final (Twickenham) – Leinster bt Ulster. Man of the match – Sean O’Brien

British middleweight Savannah Marshall wins gold medal at the Women's World Boxing Championships in China

Preakness Stakes – I’ll Have Another

Lawrence Okoye breaks British discus record

David Price wins vacant British and Commonwealth Heavyweight titles

May 20

'''Blue Square Premier play-off final – York City bt Luton'''

Champions – Fleetwood

Jessica Ennis denied a personal best in the 100m hurdles at the Great CityGames in Manchester because only nine of the necessary 10 barriers were laid out by the organizers

World Match Play final (Finca Cortesin) – Nicolas Colsearts bt McDowell

World champion Nick Matthew beats Ramy Ashour to become the first Englishman to win the British Open squash title three times in the professional era

Women’s – Nicole David

World Ice Hockey Championships final (Helsinki) – Russia bt Slovakia

FIAT Netball Superleague Grand Final – Northern Thunder bt Surrey Storm

May 21

First Test (Lords) West Indies 243 (Broad 7-72) and 345 England 398 (Strauss 122) and 193-5. Debut for Jonny Bairstow

European Player of the Year – Rob Kearney (Leinster)

May 23

London Welsh will not be eligible for promotion to the Premiership as they have not achieved the minimum standards criteria. Newcastle will not be relegated

Joey Barton banned for 12 matches by FA

Professional Rugby Players Association player of the year – Nick Evans (Harlequins)

Young player of the year – Owen Farrell (Saracens)

May 25

Copa del Rey final – Barcelona bt Athletic Bilbao

Jack Butland (Birmingham City) replaces John Ruddy in England squad

May 26

Millennium Magic Weekend held at Etihad Stadium –

Joel Monaghan scores five tries for Warrington against Widnes

Danny Maguire scores five tries for Leeds against Bradford

League One play-off – Huddersfield bt Sheffield Utd

Promoted – Charlton, Sheffield Wednesday, Huddersfield

Relegated – Wycombe, Chesterfield, Exeter, Rochdale

Leading scorer – Jordan Rhodes (Huddersfield), 38 goals

FA Women’s Cup final – Birmingham City bt Chelsea

European gymnastics (Montpellier) – GB win Men’s Team

Ashley Young scores only goal in Roy Hodgson’s first match as England manager, in Norway

USA 5 (Donovan 3) Scotland 1

Aviva Premiership final – Harlequins bt Leicester. Man of the match – Chris Robshaw

Greyhound Derby – Blonde Snapper

Uber Cup final – China bt South Korea

May 27

RaboDirect Pro12 Final – Ospreys bt Leinster

IPL final – Kolkata Knight Riders bt Chennai Super Kings

Man of the Series – Sunil Narine (Kolkata)

Suresh Raina becomes the only player to score 400 runs in every IPL

Wales lose to Mexico in Chris Coleman’s first game as manager

Indy 500 – Dario Franchitti

Giro d’Italia – Ryder Hesjedal. First Canadian to win a grand tour

Monaco GP – Webber, Rosberg, Alonso

Luke Donald regains world No 1 by winning BMW PGA

League Two play-off – Crewe bt Cheltenham

Promoted – Swindon, Shrewsbury, Crawley, Crewe

Relegated – Hereford, Macclesfield

Leading scorers – Akinfenwa (Northampton), Grabban (Rotherham), McLeod (Barnet), 18 goals

County Championship (Bill Beaumont Cup) – Hertfordshire

Thomas Cup final – China bt South Korea

Euro Hockey League – UHC Hamburg

May 28

Second Test (Trent Bridge) West Indies 370 (Samuels 117, Sammy 106) and 165 England 428 (Strauss 141) and 111-1

May 29

French Open first round – Virginie Razzano bt Serena Williams

May 30

Brendan Rodgers appointed as manager of Liverpool

Federer passes Jimmy Connors' record of 233 Grand Slam match wins

Championship play-off final – London Welsh bt Cornish Pirates. Played at Kassam Stadium, which London Welsh plan to share with Oxford Utd next season

May 31

Nick Compton (Somerset) scores 950 runs by end of May. Last batsman to score 1000 runs by end of May was Graeme Hick in 1988

Kevin Pietersen announces his retirement from international limited-overs cricket

Frank Lampard is out of England's Euro 2012 campaign with a thigh injury and is replaced by Jordan Henderson

Serie A – Juventus

La Liga – Real Madrid

Bundesliga – Borussia Dortmund

Liga Sagres – Porto

Ligue 1 (Le Championnat) – Montpellier (first title)

Eredivisie – Ajax

Jun 1

GB Taekwondo selectors choose Lutalo Muhammad over European champion Aaron Cook for London 2012

Diamond Jubilee Coronation Cup – St Nicholas Abbey

Oaks – Was (Seamie Heffernan), trained by Aidan O’Brien

Johan Santana pitches the first no-hitter in New York Mets history

Jun 2

Danny Welbeck scores his first goal for England, against Belgium

Gary Cahill breaks jaw after colliding with Joe Hart

Derby – Camelot (Joseph O’Brien), trained by Aidan O’Brien. 2nd Main Sequence 3rd Astrology. Hayley Turner rode Cavaliero

Paul Lambert appointed as manager of Aston Villa

Central African Republic win their first ever World Cup qualifying match, 48 years after joining Fifa

Martyn Williams wins 100th cap for Wales

Netherlands 6 Northern Ireland 0

Jun 3

Dirk Kuyt moves from Liverpool to Fenerbache

Wales Open – Thongchai Jaidee (Thailand). Ross Fisher penalized for slow play

Martin Kelly replaces Gary Cahill in England squad. Rio Ferdinand is overlooked

BMX World Championships (Birmingham). Men’s – Sam Willoughby (Australia). Women’s – Magalie Pottier (France)

18-year-old Adam Gemili runs 100m in 10.08 seconds

Jun 4

Belgium international Eden Hazard moves from Lille to Chelsea

Jun 5

Greg Laidlaw kicks winning penalty for Scotland to gain their first win in Australia since 1982

Tony Palladino hat-trick for Derby vs Leics

Jun 6

French Open quarter-final – Ferrer bt Murray

Cardiff City confirm they will now play in red rather than their traditional blue kit

Jun 7

Chris Hughton appointed as manager of Norwich City

Semi-finals – Sara Errani (Italy) bt Stosur, Sharapova bt Kvitova

Mixed doubles final – Bhupathi and Mirza bt Gonzalez and Jans-Ignacik

Manuel Preciado Rebolledo, due to be unveiled as the new Villarreal manager, is found dead from a heart attack

Italian Rugby Federation (FIR) announce that the new Italian team that will replace Aironi Rugby in the RaboDirect Pro12 and Heineken Cup next season will be Zebre

Jun 8

Semi-finals – Nadal bt Ferrer, Djokovic bt Federer

Women’s doubles final – Errani and Vinci bt Kirilenko and Petrova

Poland goalkeeper Szczesny sent off in opening game of Euro 2012 against Greece

Steve Clarke appointed as manager of WBA

Jun 9

Manny Pacquiao loses his WBO welterweight title to Timothy Bradley

Final – Sharapova bt Errani. Sharapova has now won all four Grand Slam titles

Men’s doubles final – Mirnyi and Nestor bt Bryan and Bryan

Belmont Stakes – Union Rags

Top 14 – Toulouse

Jetro Willems (Netherlands) becomes the youngest ever player to play at the Euros, at 18 years and 71 days of age

Jun 10

Tino Best hits highest score in Test cricket by a number 11 (95)

Tino Best becomes first number 11 to score 50 against England since 1906

Canadian GP – Hamilton, Grosjean, Perez

Criterium du Dauphine – Bradley Wiggins

Gordon West dies

Scandinavian Masters – Westwood

Oceania Nations Cup – Tahiti bt New Caledonia in the final, winning their first title

Jun 11

Final – Nadal bt Djokovic to win seventh French Open. First Grand Slam defeat for Djokovic since semi-final in French Open last year against Federer

Third Test (Edgbaston) West Indies 426 (Ramdin 107) England 221-5

Play only possible on two days due to rain. England win series 2-0. Man of the series – Marlon Samuels

Stanley Cup – Los Angeles Kings bt New Jersey Devils 4-2

Finals MVP – Jonathan Quick (LA Kings goaltender)

Regular season MVP – Evgeni Malkin (Pittsburgh Penguins)

England 1 (Lescott) France 1 (Nasri). Match played at Donbass Arena, Donetsk

Teofilio Stevenson dies

Feng Shanshan becomes the first player from China to win a major event after winning the LPGA Championship

Jun 12

Andy Zhang, aged 14, replaces Paul Casey to become youngest-ever player in US Open

Jun 13

Andy Schleck pulls out of Tour de France with fractured pelvis

Roberto di Matteo appointed as manager of Chelsea

Aegon Championship second round – Nicolas Mahut bt Murray

BT to show Premier League matches from 2013–2014 season

Jussi Jaaskelainen moves from Bolton to West Ham

Matt Cain of the San Francisco Giants throws the first perfect game in the club's history

US Golf Association announces that it has renamed the US Open championship medal after Jack Nicklaus

Jun 14

Harry Redknapp sacked as manager of Spurs

Charles Green completes his purchase of Rangers’ assets

Jun 15

England 3 (Carroll, Walcott, Welbeck) Sweden 2 (Johnson o.g., Mellberg). Match played at Olympic Stadium, Kiev

Ukraine vs France match suspended due to thunderstorm

Michael Lardrup appointed as manager of Swansea City

Jun 16

Queen’s Birthday Honours –

CBE – Paul Elliott

OBE – Nick Skelton, Eddie Kidd

MBE – Luke Donald, Shane Williams, David James

Bell 126 in first ODI at Aegas Bowl

Origin Series – England bt Exiles

Jun 17

US Open (Olympic Club, San Francisco) – Webb Simpson. 2nd Graeme McDowell, Michael Thompson

Rangers replaced with 'Club 12' in SPL fixture list

David Nalbandian disqualified from Aegon Championship final after injuring line judge Andrew McDougall by kicking an advertising board into his shin. Match awarded to Marin Cilic

Doubles final – Mirnyi and Nestor bt Bryan and Bryan

British MotoGP – Jorge Lorenzo

Anthony Davidson breaks two vertebrae in accident at Le Mans. Won by Audi R18

Aegon Classic (Edgbaston) – Melanie Oudin

Jun 18

Surrey cricketer Tom Maynard dies

Jun 19

Cook 112 in second ODI

Royal Ascot. Queen Anne Stakes – Frankel

St James’s Palace Stakes – Most Improved. Kieren Fallon’s first British Group One win since 2006

England 1 (Rooney) Ukraine 0. Played in Donetsk

Marko Devic's shot was hooked clear from behind the England goal-line by John Terry

Ashley Cole sets new record of 21 appearances in tournaments for England

Final group tables –

Group A – Czech Republic, Greece, Russia, Poland

Group B – Germany, Portugal, Denmark, Netherlands

Group C – Spain, Italy, Croatia, Ireland

Group D – England, France, Ukraine, Sweden

Germany were the only team to win all three matches

Netherlands and Ireland lose all three matches

Floyd Mayweather overtakes Tiger Woods at the top of Forbes magazine's list of the 100 highest-paid sports personalities over the past year. Woods drops to third with boxer Manny Pacquiao rising to second

Jun 20

Andy Murray playing at The Boodles tournament at Stoke Park

Didier Drogba moves to Shanghai Shenhua

Prince of Wales’s Stakes – So You Think

Royal Troon to host Open in 2016

Jun 21

Gold Cup – Colour Vision (Frankie Dettori), trained by Saeed bin Suroor

NBA finals – Miami Heat bt Oklahoma City Thunder 4-1. Finals and regular season MVP – LeBron James

Rob Green moves from West Ham to QPR

Andrew Flintoff launches an expletive-ridden attack on Mike Atherton

Jun 22

Coronation Stakes – Fallen For You

Final ODI at Headingley rained off. England win series 2–0

Danish Kaneria banned for life for encouraging Mervyn Westfield to spot-fix

Shinji Kagawa moves from Borussia Dortmund to Man Utd

IRB Junior World Championship – South Africa

Jun 23

Eastbourne tournament. Men’s – Andy Roddick, Women’s – Tamira Paszek (Austria)

Diamond Jubilee Stakes – Black Caviar wins 22nd consecutive race

South Africa 14 England 14. Only the second draw between the countries with the first 106 years ago at Crystal Palace. South Africa win series 2-0

Former Northern Ireland captain Alan McDonald dies

Leading jockey at Ascot – Ryan Moore

Leading trainer at Ascot – John Gosden

Jun 24

T20 (Trent Bridge) – England (Hales 99) bt West Indies

Ashton Eaton breaks Roman Sebrle's world record in the decathlon

Saudi Arabia is to allow its women athletes to compete in the Olympics for the first time

Olympic Trials at Alexander Stadium, Birmingham

Quarter-final (Kiev) Italy 0 England 0. Italy win 4-2 on penalties. Ashley Young and Ashley Cole missed in the penalty shoot-out

European GP (Valencia) – Alonso, Raikkonen, Schumacher

Alonso is the first driver to win two races this year

Olivier Giroud moves from Montpellier to Arsenal

Anthony Davis (New Orleans Hornets) is first pick in NBA Draft

British Jumping Derby (Hickstead) – Paul Beecher (Ireland)

British National Road Race Championships. Men – Ian Stannard, Women – Sharon Laws

Jun 25

Wimbledon first round – Elena Vesnina bt Venus Williams

Heather Watson becomes the first British woman to win a game on Centre Court since Jo Durie in 1985

Jun 27

Heather Watson becomes first British woman to reach the third round at Wimbledon since 2002

European Athletics Championships (Helsinki) –

5000m – Mo Farah

Semi-final – Spain bt Portugal

Bert van Marwijk resigns as Netherlands coach

Jun 28

Semi-final – Balotelli scores twice for Italy against Germany

Second round – Lukas Rosol (Czech Republic) bt Nadal

Jun 29

London Welsh will play in the Premiership next season after winning their appeal

Ben Foster moves from Birmingham to WBA

100m – Lemaitre

400m hurdles – Rhys Williams

High jump – Robbie Grabarz

Jun 30

Marin Cilic beats Sam Querrey in 5 hours 31 minutes, the second longest match in Wimbledon history

Yaroslava Shvedova becomes the first player to win a golden set at Wimbledon, against Sara Errani. Only other player to win a golden set is Bill Scanlon

Third round – Kohlsreiber bt Rosol

Tour de France prologue (Liege) – Cancellara

Laurent Blanc’s contract as manager of France expires

Irish Derby – Camelot

Jul 1

Wuxi Classic final – Walden bt Bingham, who has a 147 break in the final

Tiger Woods wins the AT&T National to break Jack Nicklaus's total of 73 PGA Tour titles. Woods has won more PGA events than any golfer bar Sam Snead, who recorded 82 victories on the Tour

Usain Bolt beaten by Yohan Blake in 100m and 200m at the Jamaican Olympic trials

Irish Open – Jamie Donaldson

Final (Kiev) – Spain 4 Italy 0

Man-of-the-match – Iniesta

Golden boot – Torres

Jul 2

Di Nitale (Italy) was only player to score against Spain at Euro 2012

Andres Iniesta is named player of Euro 2012 by Uefa

For France 2016, the number of teams competing will rise from 16 to 24

Bradford Bulls make their entire coaching staff redundant as they look to find a way out of administration

Fourth round – Lisicki bt Sharapova

Jul 3

Marussia F1 team test driver Maria de Villota crashes into the back of a support truck at Duxford Airfield

Andre Villas-Boas appointed as manager of Spurs

Jenny Meadows has her 800m silver medal at the 2011 European Indoor Championships upgraded to gold after Yevgenia Zinurova is banned for doping

Jul 4

Jonathan Marray becomes the first Briton to reach the Wimbledon men's doubles semi-finals for 35 years

Corinthians win Copa Libertadores for the first time

Rangers newco refused SPL entry

State of Origin – Queensland bt New South Wales

Jul 5

Serena Williams sets a new Wimbledon women's record of 24 aces

Semi finals – Serena Williams bt Azarenka, Radwanska bt Kerber

Goal-line technology approved by the International Football Association Board. Hawk-Eye and GoalRef systems pass Fifa’s criteria for use

Mark Ramprakash retires

Pavel Pogrebnyak moves from Fulham to Reading

Jul 6

Semi-finals – Federer bt Djokovic, Murray bt Tsonga

Louis van Gaal appointed as manager of Netherlands

British Greco-Roman wrestler Myroslav Dykun given a two-year ban after a failed drugs test

Jul 7

Final – Serena Williams bt Radwanska. Fifth Wimbledon title

Men’s doubles final – Marray and Nielsen (Denmark) bt Lindstedt and Tecau. First British doubles winner since 1936

Women’s doubles final – Williams and Williams bt Hlavackova and Hradecka. Fifth Wimbledon title

Coral-Eclipse – Nathaniel

Madrid Masters golf tournament cancelled due to the financial crisis

Jul 8

Final – Federer bt Murray to win seventh Wimbledon and 17th grand slam title. Federer regains world number one title

Murray is first British finalist since Bunny Austin in 1938

Mixed doubles final – Mike Bryan and Raymond bt Paes and Vesnina

British GP – Webber, Alonso, Vettel

Ryan Giggs named as GB captain for the Olympics

French Open – Marcel Siem (Germany)

Jul 9

Park Ji-sung moves from Man Utd to QPR

Gavin Henson signs for London Welsh

Jul 10

England beat Australia 4-0 in ODI series

Gianfranco Zola replaces Sean Dyche as manager of Watford

Mark Boucher retires from international cricket

Jul 11

World Junior Athletics Championships (Barcelona) 100m – Adam Gemili

Jul 12

John Terry found not guilty of racial abuse

SFL vote Rangers newco into Division Three

Brett Lee retires from international cricket

Pietersen 234 for Surrey against Lancs

Jul 13

World Junior Athletics Championships. Women’s long jump – Katarina Johnson-Thompson (GB)

Jul 14

David Haye defeats Dereck Chisora in a fight sanctioned by the Luxembourg Boxing Federation at Upton Park

Danny Garcia bt Amir Khan

Wiggins becomes the first British rider to wear the yellow jersey at the Tour de France for seven days

Jul 15

Australian Goldfields Open final – Hawkins bt Ebdon to claim his maiden ranking event title

Speedway World Cup (Sweden) – Denmark

Scottish Open – Jeev Milkha Singh

Bradley Wiggins is christened ‘Le Gentleman’ by the French media after the race came under attack from saboteurs throwing tacks on the road and Wiggins slowed the peloton in order to help Cadel Evans

Jul 16

Dundee invited to replace Rangers in the SPL

Federer beats Sampras’s record of 286 weeks as world number one

Jul 21

King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes – Danedream

The Open – hole-in-one for Anirban Lahari

Jul 22

The Open (Royal Lytham & St Annes) – Ernie Els. 2nd Adam Scott, who bogeyed the last four holes

Silver medal not awarded as no amateurs make the cut

2013 tournament will be held at Muirfield

German GP – Alonso, Button, Raikkonen

Tour de France – Wiggins (Team Sky). 2nd Froome. 3rd Vincenzo Nibali

First British rider to win

Cavendish wins final stage for fourth consecutive year

Points – Peter Sagan

King of the Mountains – Thomas Voeckler

Young Rider – Tejey van Garderen

Team – RadioShack-Nissan

Grand Depart for 2013 Tour will be in Corsica

Jul 23

First Test (The Oval) England 385 (Cook 115) and 240 South Africa 637-2 (Smith 131, Amla 311 n.o., Kallis 182 n.o.)

Dean Court in Bournemouth to be known as the Goldsands Stadium

Jul 24

Scott Styris 100 off 37 balls for Sussex again Gloucestershire in T20 quarter-final. Gloucestershire's James Fuller concedes 38 runs from one over

Jul 25

Bradford Bulls handed a six-point deduction by the Rugby Football League for entering administration

British horse racing trials metric measures at Sandown

GB 1 (Stephanie Houghton) New Zealand 0. Opening women’s football match of Olympics played at Millennium Stadium

North Korea women’s football team walk off the pitch at Hampden Park after their images were shown on a screen beside a South Korean flag

Jul 26

GB 1 (Bellamy) Senegal 1. Match played at Old Trafford

Tim Cahill moves to New York Red Bulls

Snooker player Joe Jogia banned following a probe into suspicious betting patterns

Fabio Capello appointed as manager of Russia

Irish FA announce Danske Bank as the new title sponsor of the league, which will now be named the Danske Bank Premiership

Jul 27

Kelly Holmes heads BT’s team of London 2012 Ambassadors

Olympic Opening Ceremony. GB athletes at training camp in Portugal. Ceremony started by Bradley Wiggins ringing a bell. Independent Olympic athletes – 3 from Netherlands Antilles, 1 from South Sudan. 204 nations. Cast member marches with Indian team. Flag bearers – Hoy, Sharapova, Bolt, Djokovic, Semenya, Katie Taylor (Ireland), Wawrinka, Mirnyi, Hellebut, Simon Whitfield, Baghdatis, Radwanska, Luciana Aymar (Argentina). Kirani James, Kim Collins, Kirsty Coventry. USA uniforms designed by Ralph Lauren and made in China. First women athletes from Saudi Arabia, Qatar and Brunei. Sarah Stevenson takes Athletes Oath. Last torch bearer – Redgrave. Cauldron of 204 copper petals designed by Thomas Heatherwick and lit by seven young athletes

26 sports encompassing 39 disciplines. 302 events. 10,490 athletes

Youngest competitor – Adzo Kpossi, a swimmer from Togo

Legally blind archer Im Dong-hyan from South Korea breaks first world record at Olympics

Jack Taylor dies

Jul 28

Yi Siling of China wins the first gold medal of the Olympics with victory in the women's 10m air rifle at the Royal Artillery Barracks

Men’s road race – Vinikourov

400m individual medley – Lochte. 4th Phelps

Women’s 400m individual medley – Ye Shiwen, who swam the last 50m faster than Ryan Lochte

Ledley King retires

Jul 29

Women’s road race – Vos. Silver – Armitstead. First GB medal

Women’s 400m freestyle – Muffat (France). Bronze – Adlington

North Korean weightlifter Om Yun Choi lifts three times his own bodyweight

Hungarian GP – Hamilton, Raikkonen, Grosjean

Betfair World Matchplay (Blackpool) – Taylor bt Wade to win his 13th title

Senior British Open – Fred Couples

Jul 30

Men’s team gymnastics. Bronze – GB (Smith, Whitlock, Thomas, Oldham, Purvis). Japan win silver medal after appeal

Synchronized diving. 4th Daley / Waterfield

200m freestyle – Yannick Agnel (France)

Women’s 100m breaststroke – Ruta Meilutyte (Lithuania), who attends the same Plymouth college as Tom Daley and is coached by John Rudd

Women’s 100m backstroke – Missy Franklin (USA)

Spain protest after last minute ‘goal’ disallowed in water polo match against Croatia, when it was ruled that the ball had not crossed the line

South Korea fencer Shin A-lam remains on the piste for 75 minutes following a controversial defeat

British Speedway Championship – Scott Nicholls

Jul 31

Three day eventing team. Silver – GB (Phillips, King, Cook, Wilson, Fox-Pitt). Medals presented by Princess Royal. Individual gold – Michael Jung (Germany)

Zara Phillips rode High Kingdom

Second round – Tsonga bt Raonic 25-23 in final set of longest-ever Olympic match

200m butterfly – Chad Le Clos (South Africa). Silver – Phelps. Le Clos’s father Bert interviewed by Clare Balding

Phelps wins 19th Olympic medal, gold in 4x200m relay

GB 1 (Stephanie Houghton) Brazil 0

Nasser Al-Attiyah, who won the Dakar Rally in 2011, wins a bronze medal for Qatar in skeet shooting

Aug 1

Eight Olympic badminton players disqualified with ‘not using one's best efforts to win a match’. Two pairs from South Korea and one each from China and Indonesia

Helen Glover and Heather Stanning win GB’s first gold medal, in women’s pair. First British women to win gold in rowing since 1976

Men’s eights – Germany. Bronze – GB, including Greg Searle and Alex Partridge

Time trial (Hampton Court) – Wiggins. Silver – Tony Martin. Bronze – Chris Froome

Wiggins becomes Britain’s most decorated Olympian with seven medals

100m freestyle – Nathan Adrian (USA)

200m breaststroke – Daniel Gyurta (Hungary). Silver – Michael Jamieson

Women’s time trial – Kristin Armstrong (USA)

Steven Pienaar leaves Spurs to rejoin Everton

Sussex Stakes – Frankel

Aug 2

Men’s lightweight four. Silver – GB. Richard and Peter Chambers become first British brothers to win an Olympic medal since Searle brothers in 1996

Double Trap – Peter Wilson. Coached by Sheikh Al Maktoum of Dubai

Canoe Slalom – Tim Baillie and Etienne Stott. Silver – David Florence and Richard Hounslow. Bronze – Hochshorner brothers

Judo 78kg – Kayla Harrison (USA). Silver – Gemma Gibbons, coached by Kate Howey

Pendleton and Varnish relegated in women’s sprint against Ukraine. Germany win gold medal after China relegated in final

Men’s team sprint – GB (Hindes, Kenny, Hoy)

Hindes deliberately crashed after a slow start in a qualifying race to get a restart

200m individual medley – Phelps becomes first man to win same swimming event at three consecutive Olympics

Women's individual all-around – Gabby Douglas (USA)

Azerbaijan bantamweight Magomed Abdulhamidov knocked down six times by Japan's Satoshi Shimizu, only for the Turkmenistan referee to ignore each one

Goodwood Cup – Saddler’s Rock

Aug 3

Women’s double sculls – Anna Watkins and Katherine Grainger

Men’s pair. Bronze – George Nash and Will Satch

Single sculls. Bronze – Alan Campbell

Judo heavyweight (+78kg). Bronze – Karina Bryant

Semi-final – Federer bt Del Potro 19-17 in final set. Match lasted 4 hours 26 minutes

Men’s team pursuit – GB

Keirin – Pendleton

Women’s 200m backstroke – Missy Franklin. 4th Lizzie Simmonds

Missy Franklin wins four gold medals

Women’s 800m freestyle – Katie Ledecky (USA). Bronze – Adlington

Women’s football quarter-final – Canada bt GB

Men’s trampoline – Dong Dong (China)

First track final – women’s 10,000m, won by Tirunesh Dibaba

Niger rower Hamadou Djibo Issaka completes the 2000m course in just under 9 minutes

Guam judoka Ricardo Blas Jr, who weighs 218 kg (480 lb), is beaten in the last 16

Aug 4

Women’s singles final – Serena Williams bt Sharapova

Men’s doubles final – Bryan and Bryan bt Tsonga and Llodra

Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce retains women’s 100m title. Silver – Jeter. Bronze – Campbell-Brown

Canadian showjumper Ian Millar sets a new record for Olympic appearances by taking part in his 10th Games

Coxless four – GB (Gregory, James, Reed, Triggs-Hodge)

Women’s lightweight double sculls – Katherine Copeland and Sophie Hosking

Lightweight double sculls – Denmark. Silver – Purchase and Hunter. The race was stopped when Purchase's seat broke but the pair were allowed to restart as it happened within 100m of the start

Women’s team pursuit final – GB (King, Roswell, Trott) bt USA

Women’s triathlon – Nicola Spirig (Switzerland). Silver – Lisa Norden (Sweden), who was given the same time

Heptathlon – Jessica Ennis (6955 points)

Long jump – Greg Rutherford (8.31m). 6th Chris Tomlinson

10000m – Mo Farah. Silver – Galen Rupp (USA)

Erick Barrando wins Guatemala’s first-ever Olympic medal, silver in 20km walk

Phelps wins 18th gold medal, in 4x100m medley relay, his last Olympic race

Men’s football quarter-final – South Korea bt GB. Aaron Ramsey scored and missed penalties in normal time. Sturridge missed penalty in shoot-out

GB win six gold medals on ‘super Saturday’

Super Rugby final – Chiefs bt Sharks

Man Utd sign shirt sponsorship deal with Chevrolet

Aug 5

Women’s doubles final – Williams and Williams bt Hlavackova and Hradecka

Men’s singles final – Murray bt Federer

Mixed doubles final – Mirnyi and Azarenka bt Murray and Robson

Star. Silver – Percy and Simpson

Finn – Ainslie. Silver – Jonas Hogh-Christensen (Denmark)

Pommel horse – Krisztian Berki (Hungary). Silver – Louis Smith. Bronze – Max Whitlock

Omnium – Lasse Hansen (Denmark). Bronze – Ed Clancy

Events in omnium – Flying lap, Points race, Elimination race, Individual pursuit, Scratch race, Time trial

Russia's Elena Savelyeva becomes the first woman to win an Olympic boxing match

Natasha Jonas becomes the first British woman to win an Olympic boxing match

Women’s marathon – Tiki Gelana (Ethiopia)

Women’s 400m – Sanya Richards-Ross. Silver – Ohuruogu

100m – Bolt (9.63 seconds). Silver – Blake. Bronze – Gatlin. Seven men went under 10 seconds, with only the injured Asafa Powell failing to break that mark

WGC-Bridgestone Invitational – Keegan Bradley

General Motors strikes a $559 million marketing deal with Manchester United

Aug 6

Uneven bars. Bronze – Tweddle

Pavlos Kontides wins the first Olympic medal in Cyprus’s history, silver in Laser class

Team show jumping – GB (Charles, Skelton, Maher, Brash) bt Netherlands in jump-off. First gold since 1952

Nick Skelton (aged 54) competing at his sixth Olympic Games, riding Big Star

Peter Charles rode for Ireland between 1992 and 2007

Sprint – Jason Kenny

Lightweight quarter-final – Katie Taylor bt Natasha Jonas

Kirani James wins the first Olympic medal in Grenada’s history, gold in 400m

400m hurdles – Felix Sanchez

Stephan Feck (Germany) lands on his back in the 3m springboard competition

Strauss – 7000 Test runs

Second Test (Headingley) South Africa 419 (Petersen 182) and 258 England 425 (Pietersen 139) and 130-4. Debut for James Taylor

Aug 7

Triathlon – Alistair Brownlee. Silver – Gomez (Spain). Bronze – Jonathan Brownlee

RS:X windsurfing. Silver – Nick Dempsey

Team dressage – GB (Hester, Bechtolsheimer, Dujardin)

'''Damon Hill''' ridden by Helen Langehanenberg (Germany) in dressage wins silver medal

Omnium – Laura Trott. Silver – Sarah Hammer (USA)

Sprint – Anna Meares. Silver – Pendleton

Kierin – Hoy

High jump. Bronze – Robbie Grabarz

1500m – Makhloufi (Algeria), who was reinstated after being disqualified for not trying in a heat of the 800m

Women’s 100m hurdles – Sally Pearson. Silver – Dawn Harper

Discus – Robert Harting (Germany), who celebrated by ripping the shirt off his chest, and jumping over a number of hurdles

Horizontal bar – Epke Zonderland (Netherlands)

Seven Cameroon athletes desert their Olympic squad

Santi Cazorla moves from Malaga to Arsenal

Aug 8

Show jumping individual – Steve Guerdat (Switzerland)

Women’s 200m – Allyson Felix

Cuban pole vaulter Lazaro Borges’s pole breaks in three during qualifying

Women’s hockey semi-final – Argentina bt GB

May-Treanor and Walsh win women’s beach volleyball for third consecutive Olympics

110m hurdles – Aries Merritt

Women’s long jump – Brittney Reese

Lamar Hunt U.S. Open Cup – Sporting Kansas City bt Seattle Sounders

Aug 9

Nicola Adams becomes the first woman to win an Olympic boxing gold medal, in the flyweight competition

Individual dressage – Charlotte Dujardin, riding Valergo. Bronze – Laura Bechtolsheimer

800m – David Rudisha, in world record time. Silver – Nigel Amos, winning Botswana’s first-ever Olympic medal

200m – Bolt. Silver – Blake. Bronze – Weir. Jamaican clean sweep

Men’s hockey semi-final – Netherlands 9 GB 2

Women’s football final – USA bt Japan. Winning goal scored by Carli Lloyd, who also scored the winning goal in the 2008 final

Lightweight boxing – Katie Taylor (Ireland)

Taekwondo -68kg. Nikpai (Afghanistan) bt Martin Stamper in bronze medal match

Women’s taekwondo -57 kg – Jade Jones. Youngest GB gold medal winner

American runner Manteo Mitchell runs the last 200m of the men's 4x400m relay heats with a broken left leg

Sarah Attar, the first female Saudi Arabian track and field athlete at the Olympic Games, runs in the 800m

Japanese female freestyle wrestlers Kaori Icho and Saori Yoshida both win their third successive gold medals

Aug 10

Men’s 470 – Australia. Silver – Like Patience and Stuart Bithell

Women’s 470 – New Zealand. Silver – Hannah Mills and Saskia Clark

Men’s 10km marathon swim – Ous Mellouli (Tunisia), the first swimmer to win Olympic medals in the pool and open water

Women’s hockey. Bronze – GB. Captain – Kate Walsh

All hockey games played at the Riverbank Arena

Taekwondo -80 kg. Bronze – Lutalo Muhammad

Middleweight. Bronze – Anthony Ogogo

Women’s 1500m – Asli Alptekin. Turkey's first ever track and field Olympic ''gold'' medal

Bahraini runner Mariam Jamal becomes the first Gulf female athlete to receive a medal, winning the bronze medal in the 1500m

Men’s 4x400m relay – Bahamas

GB disqualified from men’s 4x100m relay

Women’s 4x100m – USA, breaking the world record had been set 27 years previously by East German. Anchor leg run by Jeter

Pole vault – Renaud Lavillenie (France)

Juventus coach Antonio Conte is banned for 10 months due to his alleged role in match-fixing

Aug 11

Men’s K1 200m – Ed McKeever

Men’s K1 200m double – Russia. Bronze – Liam Heath and John Schofield

Men’s hockey bronze medal match – Australia bt GB. Captain – Barry Middleton

Men’s football final – Mexico 2 (Peralta 2) Brazil 1 (Hulk). Referee – Mark Clattenburg

5000m – Mo Farah

Men’s javelin – Keshorn Walcott (Trinidad and Tobago)

Allyson Felix wins third gold medal, in 4x400m relay

Bantamweight – Luke Campbell. Silver – Joe Nevin (Ireland)

10m platform – David Boudin (USA). Bronze – Tom Daley

Daley allowed a re-dive due to flash photography

Rangers draw at Peterhead in first match in Scottish League Division Three

Aug 12

Marathon – Stephen Kiprotich (Uganda)

Welterweight. Silver – Fred Evans

Superheavyweight final – Anthony Joshua beat reigning Olympic champion Roberto Cammarelle of Italy

Men’s basketball final – USA bt Spain

Women’s modern pentathlon. Silver – Samantha Murray. Final event of the Olympics

Modern pentathlon – fencing, swimming (200m), horse riding, combined running (3km) / shooting

Final medal table – 1st USA (46-29-29) 104 2nd China (38-27-23) 88 3rd GB (29-17-19) 65 4th Russia (24-26-32) 82

54 countries won gold medals. 85 countries won medals

44 world records broken

Seb Coe appointed as Legacy Ambassador

Pietersen dropped for third Test for sending derogatory test messages about England colleagues to South African players. Replaced by Jonny Bairstow

Community Shield (Villa Park) Man City 3 Chelsea 2

Sid Waddell dies

US PGA (Kiawah Island) – McIlroy -13. 2nd David Lynn -5

Jack Rodwell moves from Everton to Man City

Aug 13

Belarusian women's shot put gold medallist Nadzeya Ostapchuk is stripped of her title after failing a doping test. New Zealand's Valerie Adams, who was second, is awarded gold

Colin Moynihan steps down as chairman of BOA

Shay Given retires from international football after 125 appearances

Michael Dokes dies

Aug 14

Keshorn Walcott has a lighthouse named after him

Capital One Cup first round – Portsmouth play 10 teenagers against Plymouth

Derby 5 Scunthorpe 5

Aug 15

England 2 Italy 1. Match played in Berne

Felix Hernandez pitches the 23rd perfect game in Major League Baseball history for the Seattle Mariners

Aug 16

Strauss – 100 Test matches

Onions 9-67 for Durham vs Notts. Onions ran out the tenth batsman

Van Persie moves from Arsenal to Man Utd for £24 million

Bjorn, Clarke and McGinley named as vice-captains for Ryder Cup

Premier League referees body Professional Game Match Officials Limited (PGMO) signs sponsor deal with Expedia

Aug 17

Rio Ferdinand found guilty of improper conduct for describing Ashley Cole as a ‘choc ice’

Aug 18

Tri-Nations expanded to include Argentina and now known as the Rugby Championship

First goal in Premier League – Michu (Swansea)

Premier League shirt sponsors. Stoke – Bet365, Southampton – aap3, Sunderland – Invest in Africa, WBA – Zoopla

Rotherham Utd play first match at the New York Stadium

Arlington Million – Little Mike

Aug 19

Strauss breaks the record of most catches for England (120) held by Ian Botham and Colin Cowdrey

Women’s Baseball World Cup (Edmonton) – Japan

Aug 20

Third Test (Lords) South Africa 309 and 351 (Amla 121) England 315 and 294 (Philander 5-30)

South Africa win series 2-0 and replace England at top of world rankings

Men of the series – Prior and Amla

Song moves from Arsenal to Barcelona

Augusta National Golf Club allows first female members – Condoleezza Rice and South Carolina financier Darla Moore

2013 Rowing World Cup regatta to be held at Eton Dorney

Aug 21

Adebayor moves from Man City to Spurs

Aug 22

Juddmonte International – Frankel

Ravi Bopara guests for Gloucestershire against South Africa

Aug 24

Lance Armstrong stripped of his seven Tour de France titles by US Anti-Doping Agency (USADA)

Victor Moses moves from Wigan to Chelsea

Steven Fletcher moves from Wolves to Sunderland

Adam Johnson moves from Man City to Sunderland

Kevin Pietersen to work as a pundit for ESPN Star during World Twenty20

Aug 25

British Speedway GP (Millennium Stadium) – Chris Holder

Challenge Cup final – Warrington bt Leeds. Lance Todd Trophy – Brett Hodgson

Van Persie scores first goal for Man Utd, against Fulham

Friends Life t20 finals (Cardiff). Semi-finals – Yorkshire bt Sussex, Hampshire bt Somerset. Final – Hampshire bt Yorkshire

Jiminez named as fourth vice-captain for Ryder Cup

Aug 26

U19 Cricket World Cup final – India bt Australia

Johnnie Walker Championship (Gleneagles) – Paul Lawrie

Cal Crutchlow finishes third in Czech Republic MotoGP to become the first British rider to gain a podium finish in a premier-class event since Jeremy McWilliams in 2000

15-year-old amateur Lydia Ko of New Zealand wins the Canadian Women's Open, becoming the youngest ever winner on the LPGA Tour

Aug 27

Ian Poulter and Nicolas Colsaerts receive the two wildcard picks for the Ryder Cup

Luka Modric moves from Spurs to Real Madrid

Aug 28

Amla 150 in second ODI. South Africa go top of ICC one-day rankings

Johanna Konta (GB) reaches US Open second round. Born in Sydney to Hungarian parents

Aug 29

Paralympic Games open. 4280 athletes from 164 countries competing in 20 different sports and 503 events

Three Paralympic athletes from Jordan sent home

Second round – Robson bt Clijsters

Strauss resigns as England captain and is replaced by Cook

Aug 30

China win first gold medal

Track cyclist Mark Colbourne wins GB’s first medal (silver)

Sarah Storey wins GB’s first gold medal

Jonathan Fox wins GB’s first swimming gold medal

Kylie Grimes (GB) is one of two women, the other being Bieke Ketelbuters of the Belgian team, competing on Wheelchair rugby teams at the Paralympics

Martine Wright represents GB in sitting volleyball. Wright lost both of her legs in the Aldgate underground explosion in the 7/7 London bombings in 2005

Montpellier, Malaga, and FC Nordsjaelland (Denmark) appear in the group stages of the Champions League for the first time

Aug 31

Jody Cundy tells officials they are “ruining my life” after being disqualified from C4-C5 1km time trial

400m S8. Silver – Oliver Hynd. Bronze – Sam Hynd, his younger brother

Sheffield United announce that the Bramall Lane stand will be renamed The Jessica Ennis Stand

Scott Sinclair moves from Swansea to Man City

Berbatov moves from Man Utd to Fulham

Charlie Adam moves from Liverpool to Stoke

Nigel de Jong moves from Man City to AC Milan

Rafael van der Vaart moves from Spurs to Hamburg

Nicklas Bendtner loaned to Juventus

Third round – Robson bt Li Na to become the first British woman to reach the fourth round of a Grand Slam for 14 years

European Super Cup (Monaco) – Atletico Madrid bt Chelsea

Sep 1

T42 200m – Richard Whitehead. Whitehead was unable to compete in the marathon as there was no category for leg amputees and was refused permission to compete against upper body amputees and so had to turn to sprinting to compete at the 2012 Paralympics

T37 800m – Michael McKillop (Ireland)

1km time trial B – Neil Fachie, with sighted pilot Barney Storey (Sarah Storey’s husband)

Harlequins 42 Wasps 40. Match played at Twickenham

Alex Ferguson celebrates his 1000th league game in charge of Man Utd

Sep 2

Oscar Pistorius apologises for his comments following his loss in the Paralympic T44 200m final. He claimed Brazilian gold medallist Alan Oliveira's longer blade length enabled him to increase his stride and gain an unfair advantage

Jessica-Jane Applegate, aged 16, wins first GB gold in intellectually disabled class, in swimming

Table tennis class 7. Silver – Will Bayley

Mixed coxed four win gold, GB’s only rowing medal in Paralympics

Aled Davies wins gold in F42 discus and bronze in F42 shot put

Belgian GP – Button, Vettel, Raikkonen

Grosjean receives one-race ban for causing an accident

Van Persie hat-trick against Southampton

Wigan pull off the greatest comeback in Super League history to beat Hull KR and win the League Leaders' Shield

London Welsh lose to Leicester in their first match in the Premiership

European Masters – Richie Ramsay

Burghley horse trials – Andrew Nicholson, riding Avebury

Fourth round – Stosur bt Robson

Man City footballer Courtney Meppen-Walter arrested on suspicion of causing death by dangerous driving

Sep 3

T53 100m – Mickie Bushell

T37 1500m – Michael McKillop. The medal was presented to him by his mother, Catherine McKillop, an ambassador of Procter & Gamble

Sep 4

Dressage rider Sophie Christiansen becomes the first person to win three gold medals at 2012 Paralympics

Natasha Baker wins two gold medals in dressage

Women’s individual compound archery – Danielle Brown, who won a gold medal in the women's team compound event at the 2010 Commonwealth Games

S8 100m backstroke – Heather Frederiksen

Jerome D'Ambrosio will replace the suspended Romain Grosjean for Lotus at the Italian Grand Prix

Qing Hua will become the first Chinese driver to compete in an official F1 competition when he takes over from India's Narain Karthikeyan for the qualifying session

Warren Gatland named as head coach for Lions tour of Australia

US wildcard picks for Ryder Cup – Dustin Johnson, Jim Furyk, Steve Stricker, and Brandt Snedeker

Worcs bowled out for 60 by Warwicks in County Championship

Sep 5

Alex Zanardi wins gold medals in H4 road race and time trial at Brands Hatch

Quad doubles. Silver – Peter Norfolk and Andrew Lapthorne. Held at Eton Manor in Leyton

Women’s T11 100m – Terezinha Guilhermina (Brazil). Brazil win all three medals

Quarter-final – Berdych bt Federer

ODI series tied 2-2. England regain top spot in world rankings

Lord John Oaksey dies

Andy Roddick retires

Sep 6

Sarah Storey wins fourth Paralympic gold medal in London, in the road race

Jacqueline Freney (Australia) wins eight gold medals in London in swimming

Jessica Long (USA) wins five gold medals in London in swimming

S7 400m freestyle – Josef Craig, aged15

Hannah Cockroft wins T34 100m and 200m

100m T44 – Jonnie Peacock

Mixed doubles final – Soares and Makarova bt Matkowski and Peschke

Sep 7

T13 100m and 200m – Jason Smyth (Ireland)

Natalie Du Toit retires after winning three gold medals, 13 in total

Men’s doubles final – Bryan and Bryan bt Paes and Stepanek. 12th Grand Slam title

Semi-finals – Azarenka bt Sharapova, Serena Williams bt Errani

Moldova 0 England 5 in opening game of 2014 World Cup qualifying campaign

Samsung Diamond League ends in Brussels. Aries Merritt sets a new world record of 12.80 seconds in the 110m hurdles

Overall winners –

Men’s 100m – Usain Bolt

Men’s 200m – Nickel Ashmeade (Jamaica)

Men’s 400m – Kevin Borlee

Women’s 100m – Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce

Women’s 200m – Charonda Williams

Women’s 400m – Amantle Montsho

British winner – Robbie Grabarz

Sep 8

Ellie Simmonds wins 2 golds, 1 silver and 1 bronze in S6 class

Stephanie Millward wins 4 silvers and 1 bronze in S9 class

Football 5-a-side (athletes with visual impairment) – Brazil

Men’s wheelchair basketball – Canada

Women’s wheelchair basketball – Germany

400m T44 – Oscar Pistorius

Mixed road race T1-2 – David Stone, riding a tricycle

Semi-final – Murray bt Berdych

Sep 9

Wheelchair rugby – Australia. Ryley Batt scores 37 goals in the final against Canada

David Weir wins gold medals in T54 800m, 1500m, 5000m, and marathon

T54 women’s marathon. Silver – Shelly Woods

Final gold medal won by Russia in football 7-a-side (athletes with cerebral palsy)

Final medal table – 1st China (95-71-65) 231 2nd Russia (36-38-28) 102 3rd GB (34-43-43) 120

Women’s doubles final – Errani and Vinci bt Hlavackova and Hradecka

Semi-final – Djokovic bt Ferrer

KLM Open – Peter Hanson

Tour of Spain – Contador. 4th Froome

Italian GP – Hamilton, Perez, Alonso

Minor Counties final – Cornwall bt Bucks

Belgian Eddy Merckx becomes three-cushion billiards UMB world champion

FIM MX1 Motocross World Championship – Antonio Cairoli (Italy)

Sep 10

Final – Murray bt Djokovic in five sets

Sep 11

Serbia 6 Wales 1

Charles van Commenee to step down as UK Athletics head coach

Rehman 9-65 for Somerset vs Worcs

Sep 12

England bt South Africa to tie Twenty20 series 1-1. Kiewsetter 50 off 32 balls, Buttler 32 off 10 balls. Wayne Parnell concedes 32 runs in an over

Andalucía Masters cancelled due to the financial crisis

Sep 13

Sid Watkins dies

Ricky Hatton to make a comeback

Sep 14

LV= County Championship – Warwickshire. Captain – Jim Troughton

Relegated – Lancashire, Worcestershire

Most runs – Nick Compton

Most wickets – Graham Onions

Promoted – Derbyshire, Yorkshire

Women’s British Open scores scrapped due to high winds

Sep 15

Amir Khan splits from trainer Freddie Roach

CB40 final – Hampshire 244-5 bt Warwicks 244-7. Hampshire captain – Jimmy Adams

Scholes makes 700th appearance for Man Utd

St Leger – Encke (Mickael Barzalona), trained by Mahmood Al Zarooni. 2nd Camelot

Arsenal 6 Southampton 1

ICC Awards. Cricketer of the Year and Test Player of the Year – Sangakkara, ODI Player of the Year – Virat Kohli

Women’s county championship – Kent

Indy Car series title – Ryan Hunter-Reay

Sep 16

Women’s British Open (Hoylake) – Shin Jiyai

Ulster rugby player Nevin Spence killed in a slurry tank accident

Great North Run. Men’s – Wilson Kipsang. Women’s – Tirunesh Dibaba

Tour of Britain – Jonathan Tiernan-Locke. First British winner since Robert Millar in 1989. Race leader wears Gold Jersey

Team time trial held for first time at World Cycling Championships, held in Netherlands

London Welsh gain first-ever victory in the Premiership, against Exeter

Italian Open – Gonzalo Fernandez-Castano

Cricket Writers' Club young cricketer of the year – Joe Root (Yorkshire)

Sep 18

Ajantha Mendis 6-8 for Sri Lanka against Zimbabwe in opening match of T20 World Cup

Joe Root and Nick Compton included in England squad to tour India. Pietersen omitted

Women’s time trial – Judith Arndt

Ibrahimovic scores for PSG against Dynamo Kiev to become the first man to score for six clubs in the Champions League

Sep 19

Men’s time trial – Tony Martin

Oscar scores twice on Chelsea debut against Juventus

Sep 20

PCA player of the year – Nick Compton

PCA young player of the year – Joe Root

Clyde the thistle is the 2014 Commonwealth Games mascot. Designed by 12-year-old Beth Gilmour

Sep 21

Brendon McCullum hits the highest score in Twenty20 international history (123) for New Zealand against Bangladesh

Luke Wright 99 for England against Afghanistan

Laura Robson becomes the first British woman since Jo Durie in 1990 to reach a WTA singles final

Sep 22

Guangzhou Open final – Su-Wei Hsieh (Taiwan) bt Robson. Sara Gomer was the last Briton to win a WTA singles title in 1988

Women’s road race – Marianne Vos

Harry Pilling dies

Sep 23

Men’s road race – Philippe Gilbert (Belgium)

Shanghai Masters final – Higgins bt Trump

Former heavyweight world boxing champion Corrie Sanders dies after being shot during an armed robbery in South Africa

England bowled out for 80 by India. Harbhajan Singh 4-12

John Terry retires from international football

Singapore GP – Vettel, Button, Alonso

PGA Tour Championship – Brandt Snedeker

The player with the most points after the Tour Championship wins the FedEx Cup itself and $10 million. Won by Brandt Snedeker

All-Ireland Gaelic Football Final – Donegal bt Mayo

Sep 24

Cricket World Cup matches played in Colombo and Pallekele

Will Porterfield (Ireland) out first ball in last three consecutive outings against Test nations

Sep 25

The organizing committee for the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi adopts the slogan ‘Hot. Cool. Yours.’. Mascots – polar bear, hare, and leopard

Sep 26

Jerome Sinclair becomes youngest-ever Liverpool player, aged 16 years 6 days

John Bond dies

Sep 27

Sri Lanka bt New Zealand in super over

John Terry banned for four matches and fined £220,000 by the FA for racially abusing Anton Ferdinand

Sep 28

Lewis Hamilton signs a three-year deal with Mercedes to replace Michael Schumacher from next season, and will be replaced by Sergio Perez at McLaren

Super League semi-final – Leeds bt Wigan

Steve Kean resigns as manager of Blackburn

Sep 29

Olly Barkley moves from Bath to Racing Metro 92

Suarez hat-trick for Liverpool against Norwich

Super League semi-final – Warrington bt St Helens

Cambridgeshire – Bronze Angel

AFL Grand Final – Sydney Swans bt Hawthorn

Sep 30

Championship Grand Final – Sheffield Eagles bt Featherstone Rovers

Ryder Cup (Medinah Country Club, Illinois) – Europe 14 ½ USA 13 ½

Winning putt holed by Kaymer against Stricker. Europe 10-6 down after two days

Final match between Woods and Molinari only match to be halved

McIlroy almost missed his tee time after confusion over time zones

Bubba Watson encouraged the crowd to cheer all the way through his tee shot

Top points scorer – Ian Poulter (4)

Zero points – Steve Stricker, Peter Hanson

FA WSL (Women’s Super League) – Arsenal

Rugby Championship – New Zealand

All-Ireland Hurling Final replay – Kilkenny bt Galway

NRL Grand Final – Melbourne Storm bt Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs

Oct 1

West Indies bt New Zealand in super over

England knocked out by Sri Lanka (Malinga 5-31)

Man of Steel – Sam Tomkins (Wigan)

Zydrunas Savickas (Lithuania) wins his third World’s Strongest Man title. 7th – Terry Hollands (UK)

Oct 2

Samaras scores winning goal as Celtic win first ever away match in Champions League, against Spartak Moscow

Super Eights final tables –

Group 1 – Sri Lanka, West Indies, England, New Zealand

Group 2 – Australia, Pakistan, India, South Africa

Superbike World Championship – Max Biaggi. 2nd Tom Sykes (GB)

Oct 3

Pietersen signs a four-month England contract

Peter Ridsdale disqualified from acting as a company director

Oct 4

Detroit Tigers' Miguel Cabrera becomes the first player in 45 years to win Major League Baseball's Triple Crown. Cabrera tops the three tables for batting average, home runs, and producing runs

Semi-final – Sri Lanka bt Pakistan

Oct 5

Semi-final – West Indies bt Australia

Ashley Cole apologizes for criticizing the Football Association after his evidence in the John Terry racism case was questioned

Oct 6

Super League Grand Final – Leeds bt Warrington. Harry Sunderland Trophy – Kevin Sinfield. Warrington prop Paul Wood ruptures a testicle and continues playing for another 25 minutes

Oct 7

Final – West Indies (Marlon Samuels 78) bt Sri Lanka

Man of the tournament – Shane Watson

Women’s final – Australia bt England

Prix de l’Arc de Triomphe – Solemia (Olivier Peslier)

Japanese GP – Vettel, Messa, Kobayashi

Speedway Grand Prix – Chris Holder (Poole Pirates and Australia)

Alfred Dunhill Links – Branden Grace

Sebastien Loeb wins the World Rally Championship drivers' title for a record ninth consecutive year

Oct 9

Owen Coyle sacked by Bolton

Newcastle's stadium name will revert to St James' Park after the club agrees a four-year sponsorship deal with Wonga

English football centre of excellence opens at St George's Park complex in Staffordshire

Britain's Tom Daley and Jack Laugher win synchronized 3m springboard gold at the World Junior Diving Championships in Australia

Oct 10

Hampshire fail to make the main draw of the Champions League T20

Oct 11

Start of NHL season delayed by lockout

Rugby League Writers’ Association Player of the Year – Sam Tomkins

Oct 12

Turkish Airlines World Golf Final – Rose bt Westwood

Edgar Davids joins Barnet as joint-head coach

Bale scores winning goal for Wales against Scotland

Oct 13

David Price defends the British and Commonwealth heavyweight titles by knocking out Audley Harrison in 82 seconds

Ironman World Championship (Hawaii) – Leanda Cave

Africa Cup of Nations football match between Senegal and Ivory Coast abandoned following a riot. Senegal are disqualified from Africa Cup of Nations as a result

Cesarewitch – Aaim To Prosper (Kieren Fallon). First horse to win the race twice

Sligo Rovers claim their first league title in nearly forty years

Roy Hodgson apologizes to Rio Ferdinand after telling passengers on the tube that he would not be in the England squad

Oct 14

Korean GP – Vettel, Webber, Alonso

Heather Watson becomes the first British woman to win a WTA singles title since 1988 by beating Chang Kai-chen (Taiwan) in the Japan Open final

Portugal Masters – Shane Lowry

Winmau World Masters – Stephen Bunting

Cape Verde beat Cameroon to qualify for the African Cup of Nations (to be held in South Africa) for the first time

Oct 15

Richard Hughes rides seven winners from eight races at Windsor

World Grand Prix final (Dublin) – Michael van Gerwen bt Mervyn King

Oct 16

Poland vs England postponed due to waterlogged pitch

Ronaldo wins 100th cap for Portugal in draw with Northern Ireland

England U21 players racially abused and attacked by missile-throwing Serbian fans after qualifying for Euro 2013. Danny Rose sent off

Oct17

Nike cancel Lance Armstrong’s contract

Lance Armstrong resigns as chairman of his anti-cancer charity, LIVESTRONG

Oct 18

Mark Cavendish to leave Team Sky and join Omega Pharma-QuickStep

Salford City Reds given winding-up petition

50-over cricket to return to the county game from 2014, replacing the current 40-over competition

Richie McCaw becomes the first player to achieve 100 Test victories

Oct 19

The inaugural Grand Prix of America due to be held in New Jersey is postponed to 2014 due to a financing problem

Rabobank is ending its sponsorship of its professional cycling team following the Lance Armstrong doping revelations

Trenton Oldfield jailed for six months

Sheffield Wednesday goalkeeper Chris Kirkland attacked by Leeds fan Aaron Cawley

Oct 20

Triathlon world championships. Women’s – Lisa Norden (Sweden)

Yorkshire eliminated from Champions League T20

Australia end New Zealand’s winning run in rugby union internationals at 16

Champion Stakes – Frankel, who is retired to stud after winning all 14 races

Oct 21

Triathlon world championships. Men’s – Jonny Brownlee

Frankie Dettori to leave Godolphin

WNBA finals – Indiana Fever bt Minnesota Lynx

Oct 22

Lance Armstrong is stripped by the International Cycling Union of his seven Tour de France titles and banned for life from participating in UCI-sanctioned events

Brit Insurance ends sponsorship of England cricket team

Elite League speedway final – Swindon bt Poole. First win since 1967. Manager – Alun Rossiter. Captain – Hans Andersen

Oct 23

Crystal Palace manager Dougie Freedman moves to Bolton

Oct 24

PGA Grand Slam of Golf – Harrington (replacement for Els)

Margaret Osborne DuPont, winner of 37 Grand slam titles, dies

Oct 25

John Connelly dies

Boxing trainer Emanuel Steward dies

Sunrisers Hyderabad replace Deccan Chargers in IPL

Oct 26

John McCririck dropped from Channel 4 racing

Oct 27

Rugby league international – Wales 12 England 80

Oct 28

Sale Sharks chief executive Steve Diamond takes charge of first-team affairs for the rest of the season after Bryan Redpath was removed from his position as director of rugby

Chris Robshaw appointed England captain for autumn internationals

BMW Masters (Shanghai) – Peter Hanson

Indian GP – Vettel, Alonso, Webber

WTA final (Istanbul) – Serena Williams bt Sharopova

Patriots 45 Rams 7. Match played at Wembley

Champions League T20 final (Johannesburg) – Sydney Sixers (Lumb 82) bt Highveld Lions

World Series – San Francisco Giants 4 Detroit Tigers 0. MVP – Pablo Sandoval, nickname ‘Kung Fu Panda’

World Seniors Championship – Nigel Bond

Oct 29

World Billiards Championship – Pankaj Advani bt Mike Russell to win his seventh title

Oct 30

Capitol One Cup – Reading 5 Arsenal 7 (Walcott 3)

Oct 31

Capital One Cup – Chelsea 5 Man Utd 4

Swansea beat Liverpool, the current holders of the League Cup

Kauto Star retires

Nov 1

Mick McCarthy appointed as manager of Ipswich

Henning Berg appointed as manager of Blackburn

Surrey sign Graeme Smith on a three-year deal as club captain

Nov 2

New York City marathon cancelled in the aftermath of super storm Sandy

Breeders' Cup takes place at Santa Anita Park in Arcadia, California

Nov 3

Blackpool manager Ian Holloway moves to Crystal Palace

Vettel demoted to back of grid for not having enough fuel left to take a sample after qualifying for Abu Dhabi GP

Dave Brailsford asks all employees of Team Sky to sign a statement conforming they had never been involved in doping

Sean Yates, Team Sky’s senior sporting director, retires

Lindsey Vonn's request to compete in a men's World Cup downhill ski race is rejected by the International Ski Federation

Nov 4

International Championship final (Chengdu, China) – Trump bt Robertson

WGC Champions (China) – Ian Poulter

Fed Cup final – Czech Republic bt Serbia

Abu Dhabi GP – Raikkonen, Alonso, Vettel

Gerrard plays 600th game for Liverpool

Champion jockey – Richard Hughes

Champion trainer – John Gosden

Nov 5

Craig Levein sacked as Scotland coach

Nov 6

Melbourne Cup – Green Moon

Uzbek wresler Soslan Tigiev is stripped of his Olympic bronze medal in the men's freestyle 74 kg division after he tested positive for a banned stimulant

Nov 7

Seb Coe succeeds Colin Moynihan as chairman of the BOA

Celtic 2 Barcelona 1. Winning goal scored by Tony Watt. Celtic had 16% possession

Nov 8

Sunday Times Sportswoman of the Year – Jessica Ennis

Nov 9

James Beattie joins Accrington Stanley as player-coach

Nov 10

Ronan O’Gara wins 125th cap for Ireland

AFC Champions League – Ulsan Hyundai

Nov 11

San Francisco 49ers tie with St Louis Rams – first tie in NFL since 2008

Singapore Open – Matteo Manassero

McIlroy tops money list in USA and Europe and wins Vardon Trophy

MotoGP final standings – 1st Jorge Lorenzo (Yamaha), 2nd Dani Pedrosa (Honda), 3rd Casey Stoner (Honda)

Constructors’ champion – Honda

Moto2 – Marc Marquez

Moto3 – Sandro Cortese

ATP World Tour Finals (O2 Arena). Semi-finals – Djokovic bt Del Potro, Federer bt Murray

Brooklyn Nets (formerly New Jersey Nets) play first match

Nov 12

Final – Djokovic bt Federer

Doubles final – Marcel Granollers and Marc Lopez bt Mahesh Bhupathi and Rohan Bopanna

Elise Christie becomes world number one short-track speed skater

Nov 13

Chris Gayle becomes the first person to hit a six off the first ball of a Test match, against Bangladesh

No action will be taken over alleged comments made by Mark Clattenburg to Chelsea players

Nov 14

First match at Friends Arena, Stockholm – Sweden 4 (Ibrahimovic 4) England 2 (Welbeck, Caulker). Debuts for Caulker, Osman and Sterling. Steven Gerrard wins 100th cap. First hat-trick against England since van Basten in 1988

Nov 16

Track World Cup starts at Sir Chris Hoy Velodrome, Glasgow

Great Britain Lionhearts make their debut appearance at the World Series of Boxing in California

Cartier racehorse of the year – Frankel

Nov 17

Paddy Power Gold Cup – Al Ferof

Qatar Airways to sponsor Barcelona for 2013-14 season

Nov 18

Miguel Angel Jimenez becomes the oldest winner on the European Tour by winning the Hong Kong Open at the age of 48 years

South African Open – Henrik Stenson

Davis Cup final (Prague) – Czech Republic 3 Spain 2. Stepenek bt Almargo in deciding match. Ferrer wins both his singles matches. 100th final

Grand Slam of Darts final (Wolverhampton) – van Barneveld bt van Gerwen

US Grand Prix (Circuit of the Americas, Austin) – Hamilton, Vettel, Alonso

Futsal World Cup – Brazil

Nov 19

First Test (Ahmedabad) India 521-8 (Pujara 206, Sehwag 117) and 80-1 England 191 and 406 (Cook 176)

Debut for Nick Compton. Ojha takes nine wickets in the match

Scotland prop Allan ‘Chunk’ Jacobsen retires from international rugby

Nov 21

Rafa Benitez appointed as interim manager of Chelsea, replacing Roberto di Matteo

Nov 22

Michael Clarke becomes the first man to score four Test double-hundreds in a calendar year

National League MVP – Buster Posey (San Francisco Giants). American League MVP – Miguel Cabrera (Detroit Tigers)

Nov 23

Marussia driver Charles Pic will switch to Caterham in 2013

A bronze statue of Sir Alex Ferguson is unveiled outside Old Trafford

Nov 24

Harry Redknapp replaces Mark Hughes as manager of QPR

IAAF athlete of the year awards – Usain Bolt and Allyson Felix

Hector Camacho dies

Tonga defeat Scotland for the first time. Match played in Aberdeen

Jordi Gomez hat-trick for Wigan against Reading

Joe Launchbury debut for England against South Africa

Ricky Hatton beaten in comeback fight by Vyacheslav Senchenko (Ukraine)

Nov 25

Brazilian GP – Button, Alonso, Massa. 6th Vettel

Final standings – 1st Vettel 281 points, 2nd Alonso 278, 3rd Raikkonen 207

Constructors – 1st Red Bull, 2nd Ferrari, 3rd McLaren

European Short Course Championships (Chartres) – Hannah Miley wins GB’s only gold medal, in 400m individual medley

Second Test (Mumbai) – India 327 (Pujara 135) and 142 England 413 (Cook 122, Pietersen 186) and 58-0. Panesar takes 11 wickets in the match

Swann – 200 Test wickets

Andy Robinson resigns as Scotland coach

Dave Sexton dies

DP World Tour Championship (Dubai) – McIlroy

100th Grey Cup – Toronto Argonauts bt Calgary Stampeders

Japan Cup – Gentildonna

Premier League Snooker final – Bingham bt Trump

British Figure Skating Championships. Men – Matthew Parr. Women – Jenna McCorkell

Nov 26

Debutant Faf Du Plessis scores 110 n.o. off 376 balls to earn South Africa a draw against Australia

William Hill Sports Book of the Year – ‘The Secret Race: Inside the Hidden World of the Tour de France: Doping, Cover-ups, and Winning at All Costs’, Tyler Hamilton

Brazilians select the name ‘Fuleco’ for the three-banded armadillo mascot for the 2014 World Cup

Nov 27

Joey Barton conducts a press conference in Marseille in a French accent

UEFA President Michel Platini announces that the administrative body is considering scrapping the Europa League in favour of an extended Champions League of 64 clubs

Nov 28

Valtteri Bottas (Finland) will replace Bruno Senna at Williams next year

Southwell racecourse will be closed until next year because of flooding

Ashley Giles appointed as head coach of England ODI and Twenty20 teams

European Tour rookie of the year – Ricardo Santos (Portugal)

Luiz Felipe Scolari replaces Mano Menezes as manager of Brazil

Nov 29

WTA Tour Player of the Year – Serena Williams

Shinji Kagawa (Man Utd) is the first recipient of the Asian International Footballer of the Year award

Nov 30

Andrew Flintoff wins a points decision over American Richard Dawson on his heavyweight boxing debut

Dec 1

Hennessy Gold Cup – Bobs Worth

England bt New Zealand 38-21 to end New Zealand’s 20-match unbeaten run

Youngs brothers (Ben and Tom) from Leicester Tigers play for England

England women’s rugby union team wins all three matches against New Zealand

MLS Cup final – LA Galaxy bt Houston Dynamo in Beckham’s final game

Phil Taylor, Liverpool player and manager (1956–59) dies

Dec 2

UK Championship first round – Mark Joyce bt Judd Trump

World Challenge – Graeme McDowell

Kansas City Chiefs American football player Jovan Belcher kills his girlfriend before taking his own life outside the team's stadium

Nedbank Golf Challenge (Sun City) – Kaymer

Players Championship final – Phil Taylor bt Kim Huybrechts. Sponsored by Cash Converters

HRT F1 leave Formula One after they were unable to find a buyer

Dec 3

Ricky Ponting retires from international cricket. 168 Test caps and 13,378 runs

2015 rugby Union World Cup draw –

Pool A: Australia, '''England, Wales,''' Oceania 1, play-off winner

Pool B: South Africa, Samoa, '''Scotland,''' Asia 1, Americas 2

Pool C: New Zealand, Argentina, Tonga, Europe 1, Africa 1

Pool D: France, '''Ireland,''' Italy, Americas 1, Europe 2

IRB Awards –

Player of the year – Dan Carter

Team of the year – New Zealand

Coach of the year – Steve Hansen

Scottish Premier League announces plan to expand to 24 teams, split into two divisions of 12

Dec 4

PGA Tour Player of the Year – McIlroy. Rookie of the year – John Huh (USA)

Frankie Dettori banned for six months after testing positive for a banned substance in France

UK Championship second round – Higgins 147 against Mark Davis

PDC commission a new trophy for their upcoming world championship, named The Sid Waddell Trophy

International Olympic Committee suspends India's national Olympic committee because of government interference in its election process

Dec 5

Chelsea become first defending champions to be eliminated in group stages of Champions League

Celtic win final match against Spartak Moscow to qualify

The sparrow is chosen as the mascot of the 14th IAAF World Championships in Athletics, which will be held in Moscow in 2013

Dec 6

Varsity match – Oxford bt Cambridge

Cook hits record 23rd Test century for England, becomes the youngest batsman ever to reach 7000 runs, and the first player to score hundreds in each of his first five Tests as captain

Euro 2020 to be held Europe-wide

Kobe Bryant becomes the fifth player in NBA history to reach 30,000 points

Dec 7

Cook run out for first time in first-class cricket

Bradford City expelled from the FA Cup for fielding an ineligible player, Curtis Good, against Brentford

Dec 8

Juan Manuel Marquez beats Manny Pacquiao for a first win in their four-match rivalry

Tingle Creek – Sprinter Sacre

Dec 9

Third Test (Kolkata) – India 316 and 247 England 523 (Cook 190) and 41-3

Man City 2 Man Utd 3. Winning goal scored by van Persie. Man City’s first defeat of the season, in 16th match

Lionel Messi sets the record for most goals in a calendar year by scoring his 86th goal of 2012, beating Gerd Mueller’s record

UK Championship final (Barbican Centre, York) – Selby bt Murphy

Australian Open – Peter Senior, aged 53

Statoil Masters (Albert Hall) –

Legends final – McEnroe bt Wilander

Champions Tour final – Santoro bt Henman

Dec 11

Mosconi Cup – Europe bt USA

League Cup – Bradford bt Arsenal. Bradford win ninth successive penalty shootout

Kauto Star joins Laura Collett to embark on a dressage career

Dec 12

Bradford City's appeal against their expulsion from the FA Cup is successful

Club World Cup semi-final – Corinthians bt Al Ahly (Egypt)

World short course championships (Istanbul) – Hannah Miley wins GB’s only gold medal, in 400m individual medley. Ryan Lochte wins six gold medals

Udinese fan Arrigo Brovedani is the club's sole supporter in Genoa for a Serie A match against local team Sampdoria

Dec 13

Club World Cup semi-final – Chelsea bt Monterrey

International Tennis Federation World Champions – Djokovic and Serena Williams

Tom Watson to captain USA in 2014 Ryder Cup

Dec 14

2014 Tour de France. Stage 1 – Leeds to Harrogate, stage 2 – York to Sheffield, stage 3 Cambridge to London

The Football Association of Zambia says it will approach Fifa about getting recognition for striker Godfrey Chitalu's feat of scoring 107 goals in 1972

Next year's US Open has been extended by a day to allow the men's final to be played on a Monday, with the women's final pushed from Saturday to Sunday

Men’s World Open squash (Qatar) – Remy Ashour (Egypt). 2013 tournament will be held in Manchester

Dec 15

QPR win for the first time in Premier League in 17th game, against Fulham

European Curling Championships (Karlstad, Sweden) –

Men's team – Sweden

Women's team – Russia

Dec 16

Club World Cup final (Yokohama) – Corinthians bt Chelsea

Hereford Racecourse holds its last meeting. Horse racing has been taking place in Hereford since 1771

Royal Trophy (Brunei) – Asia bt Europe

BBC Sports Personality of the Year (ExCeL) 1st Wiggins, 2nd Ennis, 3rd Murray

Other nominees – Farah, Weir, Simmonds, Hoy, Adams, Ainslie, McIlroy, Grainger, Storey

Overseas Personality – Usain Bolt

Coach – Dave Brailsford

Team – Team GB and Paralympics GB

Young Personality – Josef Craig

Lifetime achievement award – Seb Coe

Helen Rollason award – Martine Wright

Unsung heroes – '''Sue and Jim Houghton'''

Dec 17

Fourth Test (Nagpur) – England 330 and 352-4 (Trott 143, Bell 116) India 326-9 (Kohli 103). Debut for Joe Root

Man of the series – Cook

England win a series in India for the first time since 1984–85

Santi Cazorla hat-trick for Arsenal against Reading

Dec 18

Zenit St Petersburg fans want black and gay players excluded

Max Chilton signs to drive for Marussia next season

Folkstone Racecourse holds its last meeting

Dec 19

London to host 2017 Paralympic Athletics World Championships

European Tour Golfer of the Year – McIlroy

Brazil drop to 18th in Fifa world rankings

Dec 20

Scott Johnson appointed as Scotland head coach

African Player of the Year – Yaya Toure

Dec 21

Suzi Perry will replace Jake Humphrey as the presenter of BBC's Formula 1 coverage for the 2013 season

GFH Capital completes its takeover of Leeds United

Women’s World Open squash final (Cayman Islands) – Nicol David bt Laura Massaro (England)

Dec 22

England captain Eoin Morgan hits the last ball for six to draw the Twenty20 series with India 1-1

Detroit Lions wide receiver Calvin Johnson, nicknamed Megatron, sets the record for the most receiving yards in an NFL season, breaking Jerry Rice's all-time mark set in 1995

Dec 23

Tendulkar retires from one-day international cricket

Dean Winstanley throws nine-darter in PDC World Championship

Chelsea 8 Aston Villa 0

Ben Maher is crowned the leading riding at the London International Horse Show at Olympia

Australian Sportswoman of the Year – Black Caviar

Dec 26

Sangakkara – 10,000 Test runs

Bale hat-trick for Spurs against Aston Villa

King George VI Chase – Long Run

Dec 27

Alex McLeish replaces Sean O’Driscoll as manager of Nottingham Forest

Michael Clarke breaks Ricky Ponting’s Australian record for runs in a calendar year

Henning Berg sacked as Blackburn manager

Dec 29

John Mitchell quits as Sale Sharks coach

Tony Greig dies

Arsenal 7 (Walcott 3) Newcastle 3

Defending champion Adrian Lewis is knocked out of the PDC World Championship by Michael van Gerwen

Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race – Wild Oats XI

New Years Honours –

Knighthood – Ben Ainslie, Bradley Wiggins, Dave Brailsford, Dave Tanner (Rowing Performance Director)

Dame – Sarah Storey

CBE – Katherine Grainger, Jessica Ennis, Mo Farah, Victoria Pendleton, David Weir

OBE – Charlotte Dujardin, Jason Kenny, Andy Murray, Laura Trott, Sophie Christiansen, Ellie Simmonds

MBE – Mark Ramprakash, Robert Croft, Pat Rice, Paul Sculthorpe, JJ Williams, and most 2012 gold medallists

Dec 30

Michael van Gerwen throws nine-darter in semi-final against James Wade

Semi-final – Taylor bt van Barneveld

Minnesota Vikings running back Adrian Peterson falls eight short of Eric Dickerson's NFL record for most rushing yards in a season (2105 for the then Los Angeles Rams in 1984)

Miguel Angel Jimenez faces up to five months out of action after breaking his leg skiing in Spain

Dec 31

Messi scores 91 goals in calendar year

Sport and Leisure/Sport 2011

2021-04-18T22:29:43Z

Admin: Created page with "Jan 1 Valencia is the European Capital of Sport 2011 PDC quarter-final – Mark Webster bt Taylor Jan 2 Usman Khawaja and Michael Beer make debuts for Australia, captaine..."

Jan 1

Valencia is the European Capital of Sport 2011

PDC quarter-final – Mark Webster bt Taylor

Jan 2

Usman Khawaja and Michael Beer make debuts for Australia, captained by Michael Clarke

San Francisco selected as hosts for 2013 Americas Cup

Jan 3

PDC final – Adrian Lewis bt Gary Anderson, and hits the first nine-dart finish in a world final

Jan 4

Alistair ''Cook'' becomes the second youngest player in ''test'' history, behind Sachin Tendulkar, to pass ''5000 test runs''

Jan 5

'''SCG is covered in pink for the last Ashes Test to celebrate former pace bowler Glenn McGrath's wife, Jane, who passed away from breast cancer'''

Leon Best hat-trick for Newcastle against West Ham

Jan 6

Collingwood retires from Test cricket

Cook sets new records for runs scored (766) and minutes batted (2171) in an Ashes series

Rob Andrew’s role as director of elite rugby at the RFU is scrapped

Phil Brown appointed as manager of Preston

Jan 7

Fifth Test (Sydney) Australia 280 and 281 England 644 (Cook 189, Bell 115, Prior 118)

England wins the series 3-1. First series win in Australia for 24 years

For the first time in Test matches, a team posted century stands for the sixth, seventh and eighth wickets

Cook wins the Compton-Miller medal for Man of the Series

Australia lose by an innings three times in a series for the first time

Strauss joins Hutton and Brearley to become only the third England captain to win Ashes series at home and away

Cook scored 766 runs at an average of 127. Second-highest total in an Ashes series, behind Wally Hammond (905). Second-highest average in an Ashes series, behind Geoff Boycott (147 in 1977)

Anderson took 24 wickets

Prior took 23 catches

Michael Hussey scored 570 runs

Roy Keane sacked as Ipswich manager

Narain Karthikeyan will drive for Hispania F1 team

Man City sign Edin Dzeko from Wolfsburg for £27 million

Gary Mason dies

Jan 8

Roy Hodgson leaves Liverpool. Kenny Dalglish placed in charge until the end of the season

BDO Women’s final – Trina Gulliver bt Rhian Edwards to win her ninth world title

Hopman Cup final (Perth) – USA bt Belgium

FA Cup third round – Stevenage bt Newcastle, Notts County bt Sunderland, Southampton bt Blackpool, Reading bt West Brom

Welsh National – Synchronised (Tony McCoy). McCoy has now won all four Nationals

Jan 9

Chelsea 7 Ipswich 0

BDO final – Adams bt Dean Winstanley

African Open – Oosthuizen

Masters snooker first round – King bt Selby

Seattle Seahawks, who became the first divisional winner with a losing record, 7-9 in the NFC West, knock out defending champions New Orleans Saints in the NFL play-offs

Royal Trophy (Thailand) – Europe (captained by Montgomerie) bt Asia (captained by Ozaki)

Jan 10

FIFA Ballon d’Or – Messi

Coach of the Year – Mourinho

Women’s Player of the Year – Marta

Charlie Hodgson to move from Sale to Saracens at the end of the season

Paul Jewell appointed as Ipswich manager

''Macclesfield'' Town player Richard Butcher ''dies''

''Liverpool'' name former Chelsea and West Ham assistant ''Steve Clarke'' as their first-team coach

Jan 11

Beckham trains with Spurs, wearing a No. 77 hat

FA unveil a sponsorship deal with Vauxhall

Jan 12

Chris Woakes hits the winning run on England debut to give England a record eighth win in a row in Twenty20 internationals

Jan 13

Shaun Tait to play for Surrey in FP t20 competition

Jan 14

Paul Diggin scores four tries for Northampton against Edinburgh

Jan 15

King George VI – Long Run. 3rd Kauto Star

David Miliband joins the board of Sunderland as vice-chairman

Cardiff Devils set a new record of 21 consecutive victories in the Elite League

Jan 16

Nat Lofthouse dies

Shane Watson 161 in ODI at MCG, on the 40th anniversary of the first-ever ODI, at the same ground

BBL Cup final – Sheffield Sharks bt Mersey Tigers

Ryan Giggs makes 600th league appearance

Dakar Rally – Vladimir Chagin of Russia achieves a record seventh victory, at the wheel of his Kamaz truck, thus becoming the most successful driver in a single category in the history of the event. Nasser Al-Attiyah of Qatar wins in the car division, giving Volkswagen their third successive victory in the car class. Marc Coma from Spain wins his third Dakar in the motorcycle category

Paris-Daker route in 2012 – Mar del Plata-Copiapo-Lima

Ladbrokes Mobile Masters final – Ding bt Fu

Jan 17

Ryan Babel fined £10,000 over a Twitter post that linked to a mocked-up picture of referee Howard Webb wearing a Man Utd shirt

Jan 18

Olazabel named as Europe Ryder Cup captain

Stephen Pienaar moves from Everton to Spurs

Jan 19

Australian Open second round – Henin bt Baltacha, Petkovic bt Keothavong

Eric Cantona appointed director of soccer at New York Cosmos

Elliot Saltman banned from golf for three months after being found guilty of marking his ball incorrectly at a Challenge Tour event

Ashley Cole is the only Premiership player to be named in the Uefa Team of the Year

Jan 20

Davis Love named as US Ryder Cup captain

Steve Kean appointed as manager of Blackburn

Women’s World Indoor Championship final – Alison Merrien (Guernsey) bt Karen Murphy (Australia)

PFA Chairman Clark Carlisle (Burnley) becomes the first-ever professional footballer to appear on Question Time

Jan 21

Shaun Marsh 110 in second ODI, in Hobart

Jan 22

Darren Bent scores winner for Aston Villa on debut against Man City

Berbatov hat-trick against Birmingham

Van Persie hat-trick against Wigan. Caldwell brothers play together for Wigan for the first time

Jan 23

Schiavone bt Kuznetsova in 4 hours 44 minutes, the longest women’s Grand Slam singles match ever

Abu Dhabi Championship – Kaymer

World Indoor Championship final (Great Yarmouth) – Paul Foster (Scotland) bt Alex Marshall (Scotland)

Munster, Wasps and Clement Auvergne drop into the Amlin Challenge Cup quarter-finals, as the best runners-up in the Heineken Cup pools

Bob Hope Classic – Jhonattan Vegas (Venezuela)

Lance Armstrong ends his international cycling career after a final race in Australia

Jan 24

Sky discipline Andy Gray and Richard Keys after their comments that female assistant referees "did not know the offside rule"

Surrey County Cricket Club announces that The Oval will be renamed the Kia Oval

Jan 25

Andy Gray sacked by Sky Sports over sexist comments about assistant referee Sian Massey, who made a correct offside call in the Liverpool vs Wolves match

Carling Cup semi-final – Arsenal bt Ipswich

Women’s Ashes Test (Sydney) – Australia bt England (Edwards 114)

Glasgow Warriors lock forward Alastair Kellock is named Scotland captain for the upcoming Six Nations series

Jan 26

Richard Keys resigns

Scotland’s Paul di Resta to drive for Force India F1 team

Carling Cup semi-final – Birmingham bt West Ham

Jan 27

Semi-finals – Li Na bt Wozniacki, Clijsters bt Zvonereva, Djokovic bt Federer

Jan 28

Semi-final – Murray bt Ferrer

Women’s doubles final – Dulko and Pennetta bt Azarenka and Kirilenko

Jan 29

Final – Clijsters bt Li Na

Men’s doubles final – Bryan and Bryan bt Bhupathi and Paes

AFC Asian Cup final (Qatar) – Japan bt Australia

Jan 30

Final – Djokovic bt Murray

Mixed doubles final – Nestor and Srebotnik bt Hanley and Chan

Woakes 6-45 in fifth ODI, becoming only the second England player to take more than five wickets in an ODI, the first being Collingwood

Victor Obinna hat-trick for West Ham vs Nottingham Forest

Volvo Golf Champions (Bahrain) – Casey

Harlequins bt Wasps in LV= Cup match played in Abu Dhabi

World Men's Handball Championship – France

Scott Pruett wins his fourth 24 Hours of Daytona endurance race

CaesarsCasino.com Snooker Shoot-Out final (Blackpool) – Bond bt Milkins

Jan 31

Torres moves to Chelsea for £50 million

Andy Carroll moves from Newcastle to Liverpool for £35 million

David Luiz moves from Benfica to Chelsea

Luis Suarez moves from Ajax to Liverpool

Feb 1

Wakefield Trinity Wildcats go into administration

Feb 2

Sixth ODI – England 333-6 (Trott 137) Australia 334-8

Gary Neville retires

Feb 3

Gavin Henson moves from Saracens to Toulon

Neil Young dies

Feb 4

Tindall captains England against Wales. Debut for Tom Wood. Chris Ashton scores two tries

Feb 5

41 goals in eight Premier League matches

Newcastle come from 4-0 behind to draw with Arsenal

Tevez hat-trick vs West Brom

Saha scores four goals for Everton against Blackpool

Man Utd lose to Wolves to end their 24-game unbeaten run from the start of the season, 29 games including last season

Oscar Whisky wins the inaugural Welsh Champion Hurdle at Ffos Las

Salman Butt banned for 10 years, Mohammad Asif banned for seven years, Mohammed Amir banned for five years over spot-fixing scandal. Agent Mazhar Majeed is also jailed

Feb 6

Roberto di Matteo sacked by West Brom

Australia win ODI series 6-1

Qatar Masters – Bjorn

Robert Kubica is injured in a high-speed rally crash in Italy

German Masters final (Berlin) – Williams bt Selby

Japan Sumo Association cancels the Spring Grand Sumo Tournament in light of a match fixing scandal, the first time the event has been canceled since 1946

Super Bowl XLV (Cowboys Stadium, Arlington) – Green Bay Packers bt Pittsburgh Steelers. MVP – Aaron Rodgers. Coach – Mike McCarthy

Half-time entertainment – Black Eyed Peas

Packers fourth win in the Super Bowl

Super Bowl XLVI will be held at Lucas Oil Stadium in Indianapolis. This will be the first time that the Super Bowl is held in Indianapolis

Feb 7

Steve McClaren sacked by Wolfsburg

Skiing World Championships start in Garmisch-Partenkirchen

Laureus Sports Awards –

World Sportsman of the Year: Rafael Nadal

World Sportswoman of the Year: Lindsey Vonn

World Team of the Year: Spain World Cup team

World Breakthrough of the Year: Martin Kaymer

World Comeback of the Year: Valentino Rossi

Lifetime Achievement Award: Zinedine Zidane (France)

Spirit of Sport Award: European Ryder Cup team

Feb 8

Andy Gray and Richard Keys move to Talksport

Super Bowl was watched by 111 million people, a record for the biggest TV audience for a single broadcast

Women’s Super-G – Elisabeth Goergl (Austria)

Feb 9

Lampard captains England for the first time, against Denmark. Full debut for Jack Wilshire. Winning goal scored by Ashley Young

Men’s Super-G – Christof Innerhofer (Italy)

Feb 10

Trevor Bailey dies

Real Madrid named as the world’s richest club

Feb 11

Olympic Park Legacy Company choose West Ham to move into the Olympic stadium after the 2012 Games

Roy Hodgson appointed as manager of West Brom

Nicky Henderson trains his 2000th winner

Cleveland Cavaliers end 26-game losing streak, the longest in NBA history

Women’s Super Combined – Anna Fenninger (Austria)

Feb 12

Chris Ashton scores four tries in England’s 59-13 win against Italy. Debut for Alex Corbisiero

Shane Williams scores two tries for Wales against Scotland

Fenix Two and Marching Song are electrocuted in the paddock at Newbury

Super League season starts with ‘Magic Weekend’ at Millennium Stadium

Hennessey Cognac Irish Gold Cup – Kempes

Men’s Downhill – Erik Guay (Canada)

Feb 13

UK Indoor Athletics Trials and Championships held in Sheffield

Dubai Desert Classic – Alvan Quiros

Women’s Downhill – Elisabeth Goergl (Austria)

Feb 14

Tiger Woods fined for spitting at Dubai Desert Classic

Ronaldo retires

Men’s Super Combined – Aksel Lund Svindal (Norway)

Feb 15

Gattuso head-butts Joe Jordan after Spurs beat AC Milan in the San Siro

Raul scores 71st goal in European club fixtures, breaking the record held by Inzaghi

2102 Olympic Games schedule announced. Handball will take place in the Basketball Arena

Venues outside Olympic Park –

Earls Court – Volleyball

ExCeL – Boxing, Fencing, Judo, Table Tennis, Taekwondo, Weightlifting, Wrestling (Freestyle and Greco-Roman)

Greenwich Park – Equestrian

Horse Guards Parade – Beach Volleyball

Hyde Park – Swimming (Marathon), Triathlon

Lord’s Cricket Ground – Archery

North Greenwich Arena – Basketball, Gymnastics (Artistic and Trampoline)

Royal Artillery Barracks – Shooting

Wembley Arena – Badminton, Gymnastics (Rhythmic)

Wimbledon – Tennis

Lee Valley White Water Centre – Canoeing

Hadleigh Farm, Essex – Cycling (Mountain Bike)

Eton Dorney – Rowing

Weymouth and Portland – Sailing

Coventry, Cardiff, Glasgow (Hampden Park), Manchester (Old Trafford), Newcastle, Wembley Stadium – Football

Handball events held at Copper Box

Hockey events held at Riverside Arena

Feb 16

Nations Team Event (mixed) – France. In each pairing two female and two male skiers from each team race a parallel giant slalom in a best-of-four system

Feb 17

Cricket World Cup opening ceremony in Bangladesh. Mascot – Stumpy, a blue elephant

Welsh Open – Hendry 147 break against Maguire

Cheapest ticket on general sale for Champions League final will cost £176

Women’s Giant Slalom – Tina Maze (Slovenia)

Feb 18

Tony Hanks leaves as director of rugby at Wasps

Men’s Giant Slalom – Ted Ligety (USA)

Ronaldo joins Brazil's 2014 Fifa World Cup organizing committee

Feb 19

FA Cup – Everton bt Chelsea, Man Utd 1 Crawley 0

Sehwag 175 vs Bangladesh in opening match of World Cup

Cycling World Cup (Manchester). Kieran – Chris Hoy. All five other riders involved in a crash

Women’s Slalom – Marlies Schild (Austria)

Feb 20

Welsh Open final – Higgins bt Maguire

Men’s Slalom – Jean-Baptiste Grange (France)

Daytona 500 – Trevor Bayne

Feb 21

Bahrain GP cancelled

Plymouth receive 10-point penalty

Feb 22

Ponting damages a TV in the dressing room after being run out in World Cup match against Zimbabwe

Netherlands 292-6 (Ryan ten Doeschate 119) England 296-4

Ally McCoist to replace Walter Smith as Rangers manager at the end of the season

Velodrome for 2012 Olympic Games opened. Known as ‘The Pringle’

Feb 23

Kenya bowl 37 wides against Pakistan, equalling the ODI record

Feb 24

Accenture World Match Play Championship (Tuscon, Arizona) first round – Cink bt Poulter, Bjorn bt Woods

Laser guns will replace air pistols in the combined run-and-shoot finale to the modern pentathlon

Feb 26

Former Southampton, Spurs and Wolves defender Dean Richards dies

Ben Foden scores only try for England against France

Feb 27

Carling Cup final – Birmingham 2 (Zigic, Martins) Arsenal 1 (Van Persie). Birmingham captain – Stephen Carr. Man of the match – Ben Foster. First major trophy since League Cup in 1963

India 338 (Tendulkar 120, Bresnan 5-48) England 338-8 (Strauss 158)

World Club Challenge – St George Illawarra Dragons bt Wigan

World Match Play final – Donald bt Kaymer

Kaymer replaces Westwood as world number one

Rooney deliberately elbows James McCarthy of Wigan but is not sent off

Ashley Cole accidentally shoots a student with an air rifle

Feb 28

Kemar Roach hat-trick for West Indies against Netherlands

Mar 1

Malinga hat-trick for Sri Lanka vs Kenya

FA Cup – Reading bt Everton

Mar 2

England 327-8 Ireland 329-7 (Kevin O’Brien 113)

O’Brien 100 off 50 balls, the fastest century in World Cup history

Trott equals the record of Viv Richards and Kevin Pietersen reaching 1000 ODI runs in only 21 innings

Scottish Cup – Rangers have three players shown red cards, while Celtic manager Neil Lennon has a heated exchange with opposition assistant manager Ally McCoist on the touchline at the final whistle

Bendtner hat-trick for Arsenal vs Leyton Orient

Kelly Smith wins 100th cap for England Ladies

Mar 3

Boxer Anthony Joshua arrested for possessing cannabis with intent to supply

Mar 4

Bangladesh bowled out for 58 by West Indies

European Indoor Championships start in Paris. First GB medal – Tiffany Ofili, silver in 60m hurdles

Plymouth go into administration

Rugby League Varsity Match (Twickenham Stoop) – Oxford 60 Cambridge 16

Arsene Wenger claims that Manchester City defender Kolo Toure failed a drugs test after taking a diet pill belonging to his wife

Mar 5

Snoods to be banned from 1st July

Scotland beat England in women’s football for the first time in 34 years

WBC light-middleweight championship – Saul Alvarez bt Matthew Hatton (brother of Ricky, nickname ‘Magic’)

Ivo Karlovic sets new world record for fastest serve, 156 mph

Men’s 3000m. Gold – Mo Farah

New Jersey Nets defeat Toronto Raptors in two NBA regular season games at O2 Arena

BBL Trophy final – Mersey Tigers bt Guildford Heat

England cricketer Steven Davies reveals that he is gay

Lee Bowyer becomes the first player to reach 100 yellow cards in the Premier League

Mar 6

Kuyt hat-trick vs Man Utd

Women’s 3000m. Gold – Helen Clitheroe

Men’s 60m. Silver – Dwain Chambers

Women’s 800m. Silver – Jenny Meadows

Davis Cup (Bolton Arena) – GB bt Tunisia. James Ward wins both his singles matches

Challenge Cup third round – York City Knights 132 Northumbria University 0. Chris Thorman scores 56 points

Mar 8

Ross Taylor hits seven sixes for New Zealand against Pakistan. New Zealand score 100 runs in final five overs of their innings

Champions League – Barcelona bt Arsenal

Brazilian team play exhibition match in Grozny, organised by Chechnya warlord Ramzan Kadyrov

Dorchester Town player-manager Ashley Vickers is sent off for tackling a pitch invader dressed in a mankini

Mar 9

Morgan replaces Pietersen, and Tredwell replaces Broad in World Cup squad

Tottenham Hotspur sign a five-year deal with US firm Under Armour for it to make its playing kit

Mar 10

Tharanga and Dilshan put on 282 for Sri Lanka against Zimbabwe to set a new World Cup record for the first wicket. Dilshan takes 4-4 in Zimbabwe innings

Mar 12

Italy beat France for the first time in the Six Nations to win the Garibaldi Cup. Winning penalty – Mirco Bergamasco

O’Gara reaches 1000 points in Test rugby

Mar 13

Tom Croft and Max Evans score tries in Calcutta Cup

GB men’s and women’s basketball teams are given an automatic place in 2012 Olympics

World Snooker qualifying round – Lee bt Davis

WGC-Cadillac Championship (formerly known as the WGC-CA Championship) – Nick Watney

All-England Open Badminton championships (NIA, Birmingham). Men’s – Lee Chong Mei (Malaysia), Women’s – Wang Shixian (China)

Mar 15

Champion Hurdle – Hurricane Fly (Ruby Walsh), trained by Willie Mullins. Sponsored by Stan James

Arkle Trophy – Captain Chris

Peter Loader dies

Mar 16

Queen Mother Champion Chase – Sizing Europe (Andrew Lynch), trained by Henry de Bromhead. Sponsored by Sportingbet.com

Mar 17

World Hurdle – Big Buck’s (Ruby Walsh), trained by Paul Nicholls. Sponsored by Ladbrokes

Europa League – Dynamo Kiev bt Man City, Braga bt Liverpool

James Woods wins Britain's first freestyle skiing medal at a major championships after taking bronze in slopestyle at the Euro Winter X Games

Mar 18

Gold Cup – Long Run (Sam Waley-Cohen), trained by Nicky Henderson. 2nd Denman, 3rd Kauto Star. Sponsored by Totesport

Jade Dernbach replaces Ajmal Shazhad in World Cup squad

Leading jockey – Ruby Walsh (5 winners)

Leading trainer – Willie Mullins (4 winners)

England Women win Grand Slam. Captain – Katy McLean

Mar 19

Pakistan end Australia’s 34-match unbeaten run at the cricket World Cup

O’Driscoll scores record 25th try as Ireland deny England the Grand Slam. England captained by Nick Easter

Final table – England, France, Ireland, Wales, Scotland, Italy

Leading try scorer – Ashton (6 tries)

Leading points scorer – Flood (50 points)

Mar 20

Mo Farah wins New York City half-marathon on his debut over the distance

Warrington 82 Harlequins 6

LV= Cup Final – Gloucester bt Newcastle. Man of the match – Nick Robinson (Gloucester)

Final tables in World Cup –

Group A – Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Australia, New Zealand, Zimbabwe, Canada, Kenya

Group B – South Africa, India, England, West Indies, Bangladesh, Ireland, Netherlands

CIS Cup final – Rangers bt Celtic

John Terry re-appointed as England captain

GB men’s and women’s beach volleyball teams are given an automatic place in 2012 Olympics

Adel Taarabt (QPR) is named Football League player of the year

Skiing World Cup. Men’s overall – Ivica Kostelic (Croatia)

Women’s overall – Maria Riesch (Germany), preventing Vonn winning for the fourth year in succession

Women’s World Curling Championships final (Denmark) – Sweden bt Canada

World Cross Country Championships (Spain). Men’s – Imane Merga (Ethiopia), Women’s – Vivian Cheruiyot (Kenya)

Ski Jumping World Cup – Thomas Morgenstern (Austria)

Elite League – Sheffield Steelers

Mar 21

World Figure Skating Championships moved from Tokyo to Moscow following the earthquake and tsunami

Nikolai Andrianov dies. He held the record for men for the most Olympic medals at 15 (7 gold, 5 silver, 3 bronze) until Michael Phelps surpassed him at the 2008 Olympics

Mar 23

Fred Titmus dies

Cycling track world championships start in Apeldoorn, Netherlands

Six Nations Player of the Championship – Andrea Masi (Aironi). First Italian to win the award

Mar 24

Man City striker Kevin Etuhu jailed for eight months for assault

India bt Australia (Ponting 104)

Adil Rashid replaces Michael Yardy in World Cup squad

BOA chairman Lord Moynihan and chief executive Andy Hunt suspended from the board of London 2012 Organising Committee (Locog)

Women’s team pursuit. Gold – GB (Houvenaghel, Trott, and King)

Mar 25

Men’s sprint semi-final – Kenny bt Hoy

Final – Gregory Bauge (France) bt Kenny

Mar 26

Boat race – Oxford

England 229-6 Sri Lanka 231-0 (Dilshan 108, Tharanga 102)

Kieran. Gold – Shane Perkins (Australia). Silver – Hoy

Dubai World Cup – Victoire Pisa (Mirco Demuro). First time a horse trained in Japan has won the race

Mar 27

Formula 1 teams –

McLaren – Button, Hamilton

Ferrari – Alonso, Massa

Red Bull – Vettel, Webber

Mercedes – Schumacher, Rosberg

Renault – Heidfeld, Petrov

Williams – Barrichello, Pastor Maldonado (Venezuela)

Force India – Sutil, Paul di Resta (UK)

Toro Rosso – Alguersuari, Buemi

Sauber – Kobayashi, Sergio Perez (Mexico)

Virgin – Glock, Jerome d’Ambrosio (Belgium)

Lotus – Trulli, Kovalainen

Hispania Racing – Narain Karthikeyan (India), Luizzi

Pirelli returns to the sport as tyre supplier for all teams, taking over from Bridgestone

Cars have an adjustable rear wing or DRS (Drag Reduction System)

Australian GP – Vettel, Hamilton, Petrov (first podium finish). Di Resta finishes 10th after both Saubers are disqualified

Hong Kong Sevens final – New Zealand bt England

Crusaders bt Sharks at Twickenham, in the first Super 15 (also known as Super Rugby) game to be played in the northern hemisphere

Anna Meares (Australia) wins three gold medals in cycling world championships

Andalucia Open – Paul Lawrie

Arnold Palmer Invitational – Martin Laird (Scotland)

Friendly (Emirates Stadium) – Scotland 0 Brazil 2 (Neymar 2)

Mar 28

Darren Lockyer announces his retirement as at the end of the 2011 NRL season

Mar 29

Semi-final (Colombo) – Sri Lanka bt New Zealand

Ponting resigns as captain of Australia

MCC bt Nottinghamshire in Abu Dhabi

England 1 (Carroll) Ghana 1 (Gyan). England captained by Gareth Barry

Mar 30

Semi-final (Mohali) – India bt Pakistan

Michael Clarke named as new Australian captain

Mar 31

Widnes Vikings granted a three-year license in the Super League (starting in 2012) ahead of Halifax

Apr 2

Gavin Henson makes his debut for Toulon

Lincoln – Sweet Lightning

Rooney hat-trick vs West Ham

Crewe 8 Cheltenham 1

World Cup final (Wankhede Stadium, Mumbai) Sri Lanka 274-6 (Jayawardene 103) India 277-4 (Gambhir 97, Dhoni 91)

Player of the tournament – Yuvraj Singh

Leading run scorer – Dilshan (500)

Leading wicket takers – Shahid Afridi, Zaheer Khan (21)

India become the first team to win the World Cup on home soil

Jose Mourinho’s nine-year run of 150 matches unbeaten at home comes to an end as Real Madrid lose to Sporting Gijon

Nic Hamilton (Lewis’s brother) completes first race in Renault Clio Cup

Apr 3

Departing India coach Gary Kirsten is approached over the vacant South Africa job

JP Trophy final – Carlisle bt Brentford

China Open final – Trump bt Selby

Women’s Premier League – Sunderland

Elite League play-off final – Nottingham Panthers bt Cardiff Devils

Apr 4

David Bedford resigns as London’s 2012 Olympic marathon manager

Rooney banned for two matches for swearing at a pitchside camera

Japan withdraws from Copa America

Carlos Queiroz appointed as coach of Iran

Apr 5

Kumar Sangakkara quits as captain of Sri Lanka's one-day and Twenty20 sides

Apr 6

IOC approves the inclusion of women's ski jumping and four other new events (ski half-pipe, biathlon mixed relay and team events in luge and figure skating) for the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi. Plans to include slopestyle events in snowboard and freestyle skiing as well as a team Alpine skiing event are put on hold for further review

First century of the season – Sam Northeast (Kent)

Masters par-three competition – Luke Donald

LeBron James buys a minority stake in Liverpool

Apr 7

Totesport Bowl – Nacarat (Paddy Brennan)

Wisden Cricketers of the Year – Tamin Iqbal, Morgan, Read, and Trott. Mohammad Amir may have been the fifth player, but Wisden reduced the list because of the spot-fixing scandal

BBL Championship – Mersey Tigers

Masters first round leaders – McIlroy and Quiros

Willy Twiston-Davies becomes youngest ever Aintree winner

Apr 8

Melling Chase – Master Minded (Ruby Walsh)

European Gymnastics Championships (Berlin). Men’s all-around. Bronze – Dan Purvis

IPL starts. New teams – Kochi Tuskers Kerala, and Pune Warriors. Sponsored by DLF (originally Delhi Land and Finance), India's biggest real estate developer

Masters second round leader – McIlroy. Jason Day shoots 64

Apr 9

Grand National – Ballabriggs (Jason Maguire), trained by Donald McCain, 2nd Oscar Time, 3rd Don’t Push It

For first time in Grand National history, two fences were bypassed after fallers Ornais and Dooneys Gate were fatally injured

Crawley are promoted to the Football League

Heineken Cup quarter-final – Leinster bt Leicester

Women’s uneven bars. Gold – Beth Tweddle

Masters third round leader – McIlroy

Hoggard hat-trick for Leicestershire against Glamorgan

Apr 10

Malaysian GP – Vettel, Button, Heidfeld

Heidfeld now holds the record for the most podium finishes without a win. He has finished second or third 13 times, one more than previous record-holder Stefan Johansson

Alba Challenge Cup final – Ross County bt Queen of the South

Masters – Charl Schwartzel (South Africa). 2nd Day, Scott. 4th Woods, Donald, Ogilvy. McIlroy shoots 80

Men’s World Curling Championship final (Canada) – Canada bt Scotland

Apr 11

Shane Watson hits a record 15 sixes on his way to making the highest one-day innings by an Australian (185), against Bangladesh

Stan Kroenke to make an offer for Arsenal

Andy Carroll scores first goals for Liverpool, against Man City

Ben Stokes hits five sixes in an over for Durham off Liam Dawson of Hampshire

Apr 12

Champions League quarter-final – Man Utd bt Chelsea

Bangladesh coach Jamie Siddons will not have his contract renewed when it expires at the end of June

Australian rugby league coach Wayne Bennett agrees to coach the Newcastle Knights

Apr 13

Champions League quarter-final – Real Madrid bt Spurs

Women’s Super League starts with Arsenal beating Chelsea at Tooting and Mitcham FC

Teams – Arsenal, Birmingham City, Bristol Academy, Chelsea, Doncaster Rovers Belles, Everton, Lincoln Ladies, Liverpool

Barry Bonds is convicted of obstruction of justice charges

Apr 14

American Kevin Na sets a PGA Tour record when he needs 16 shots on a par four hole at the Texas Open. John Daly's 18 on a par five during the 1998 Bay Hill Invitational is the worst on the PGA Tour

England Hockey League Championship men’s play-off final – Beeston bt East Grinstead

Maria Riesch marries her manager Marcus Hofl

Apr 16

FA Cup semi-final – Man City 1 (Yaya Toure) Man Utd 0. Scholes sent off

Leicester 41 Gloucester 41

Scottish Grand National – Beshabar (Richard Johnson)

World Snooker Championship first round – Trump bt Robertson

Amir Khan retains his WBA light-welterweight title with a points decision over Paul McCloskey

Warwickshire 642 (Chopra 210) Somerset 210 and 50

Graham Alexander becomes the second player to reach 1000 competitive outfield appearances in English professional football. The other player to reach the milestone is Tony Ford

The ongoing protest by trainers and owners over races which offer prize money below the recommended level set by the Horsemen’s Group has claimed its first walkover – Bet Totepool at Totesport.com Handicap at Leicester. By declaring just one horse to run in the race, in this case Harry Dunlop’s Saint Helena, the racecourse had to pay out the £6000 provided the filly canters down to the furlong pole and back

Apr 17

Chinese GP – Hamilton, Vettel, Webber

Malaysian Open – Matteo Manassero

London marathon. Men’s – Emmanuel Mutai (Kenya) in a course record time. Women’s – Mary Keitany (Kenya). Men’s wheelchair – David Weir

FA Cup semi-final – Stoke 5 Bolton 0

Nadal wins Monte Carlo Masters for the seventh time

Apr 18

Dilshan appointed as captain of Sri Lanka

Apr 19

Magners will end their six-year backing of the Celtic League at the end of this season

Grete Waitz dies

Apr 20

Copa del Rey – Real Madrid bt Barcelona. Sergio Ramos drops the cup from the victory parade bus

Apr 23

Maxi Rodriguez hat-trick for Liverpool against Birmingham

Torres scores first goal for Chelsea, against West Ham

Football Writers Player of the Year – Scott Parker

Apr 24

Second round – Selby becomes the first player to record six centuries in a 25-frame match, against Hendry

Jenny Tinmouth becomes the first woman to race in the British Superbike Championship

Indonesia Masters – Westwood

China Open – Nicolas Colsaerts (Belgium)

Apr 25

Badminton horse trials – Mark Todd (aged 55), riding NZB Land Vision

Irish Grand National – Organisedconfusion (Nina Carberry)

Apr 27

Barney Gibson becomes the youngest English first-class cricketer after making his Yorkshire debut at the age of 15 years and 27 days

Quarter-final – Higgins bt O’Sullivan

Duncan Fletcher appointed as coach of India

1.8 million people apply for 20 million Olympic Games tickets

Apr 28

Uefa fine Rangers €40,000 and bans its fans from the club’s next away game for sectarian singing in a match at PSV Eindhoven

Apr 29

Royal Wedding wins 17:30 at Fontwell Park

French Football Federation announces an internal inquiry over allegations of a secret racial quota

Apr 30

2000 Guineas – Frankel (Tom Queally), trained by Henry Cecil. Sponsored by StanJames.com

Heineken Cup semi-final – Leinster bt Toulouse

Semi-finals – Trump bt Ding, Higgins bt Williams

BBL play-off final – Mersey Tigers bt Sheffield Sharks

PFA Player of the Year – Bale

PFA Young Player of the Year – Wilshire

Champion jockey – Tony McCoy

Champion trainer – Paul Nicholls

Towcester racetrack announces that it intends to run National Hunt racing without using the whip

May 1

1000 Guineas – Blue Bunting (Frankie Dettori). Trained by Mohammad Al Zarooni. Sponsored by StanJames.com

Heineken Cup semi-final – Northampton bt Perpignan

Scottish Players’ Player of the Year and PFA Scotland Player of the Year – Honduran international Emilio Izaguirre (Celtic)

Rolex Kentucky – Mary King finishes first and second on Kings Temptress and Fernhill Urco

Henry Cooper dies

Ted Lowe dies

England Hockey League Championship women’s play-off final – Slough bt Leicester

World Figure Skating Championships (Moscow). Men’s – Patrick Chan (Canada), Women’s – Miki Ando (Japan)

May 2

Final – Higgins bt Trump 18-15 to win his fourth world title. Sponsored by Betfred.com

Higgins’s walk-on music – ‘Needles and Pins’, The Searchers

Highest break – 138, Ding and King

May 3

Taekwondo world championships (South Korea). Gold – Sarah Stevenson. Silver – Jade Jones, Michael Harvey

Ken Bates is the new owner of Leeds Utd

Champions League semi-final – Barcelona bt Real Madrid

May 4

Champions League semi-final – Man Utd bt Schalke 04

May 5

Alastair Cook named England's one-day international captain following the resignation of Andrew Strauss. Stuart Broad replaces Paul Collingwood as captain of England's Twenty20 side

May 6

Craig Whyte completes Rangers takeover

Jose Mourinho given a five-match European ban

Diamond League athletics starts in Doha

Kentucky Derby – Animal Kingdom

Munster finish top of Magners League

May 7

Seve Ballesteros dies

British & Irish rugby union Cup – Bristol

QPR escape a points deduction despite being found guilty of two charges relating to the signing of Alejandro Faurlin

Leicester finish top of the Aviva Premiership. Leeds are relegated

FA Carlsberg Trophy final – Darlington bt Mansfield

May 8

Turkish GP – Vettel, Webber, Alonso

Lionel Rose, the first Australian Aboriginal boxer to win a world title, dies

Hernandez scores after 36 seconds in Man Utd’s 2-1 win against Chelsea

Spanish Open – Thomas Aiken (South Africa)

FA Vase – Whitley Bay

May 9

Belgian cyclist Wouter Weylandt, riding for Leopard-Trek, dies after crashing during the third stage of the Giro d'Italia

Maxi Rodriguez hat-trick for Liverpool against Fulham

Lord Triesman claims four Fifa members sought bribes in return for backing England’s 2018 World Cup bid

Kostos Kenteris and Katerina Thanou found guilty of perjury for staging a motorcycle crash to avoid a doping test on the eve of the 2004 Olympics

Panathinaikos bt Maccabi Tel Aviv in Barcelona to claim their sixth Euroleague Basketball championship

May 11

'''Neil Lennon attacked by a fan at Hearts'''

'''Aviva Premiership Rugby Player of the Season – Tom Wood (Northampton Saints)'''

'''Discovery of the Season –''' Manu Tuilagi (Leicester Tigers)

'''Director of Rugby of the Season –''' Jim Mallinder (Northampton Saints)

Leading points scorer – Jimmy Gopperth (Newcastle), 230 points

Leading try scorer – Alesana Tuilagi (Leicester), 13 tries

May 14

Man Utd draw at Blackburn to win their 19th league title

FA Cup final – Man City 1 (Yaya Toure) Stoke 0. Man of the match – Balotelli. Captain – Tevez. Referee – Martin Atkinson. First trophy won by Man City since 1976

Warwickshire deducted eight points in County Championship after the pitch at Edgbaston is rated ‘poor’

Sunday Times sports rich list headed by Dave Whelan

May 15

Rangers beat Kilmarnock 5-1 to win their 54th league title

Hearts finish in third place

Leading scorer – Miller (Rangers) 21

Relegated – Hamilton

Scottish Division 1 – Dunfermline

Scottish Division 2 – Livingston

Scottish Division 3 – Arbroath

Highland League – Buckie Thistle

Great Manchester 10km run. Men’s – Gebreselassie. Women’s – Helen Clitheroe

Avram Grant sacked by West Ham

Players Championship – KJ Choi

Mallorca Open – Darren Clarke

World Ice Hockey Championships final (Slovakia) – Finland bt Sweden

May 16

Sammy Wanjiru dies

May 17

2018 Ryder Cup awarded to Le Golf National, near Paris

May 18

Europa League final (Dublin) – Porto bt Braga. Winning goal scored by Falcao, his 17th goal in the Europa League this season. Manager – Andre Villas-Boas (aged 33)

Championship play-off final – Worcester bt Cornish Pirates

May 19

Graham Napier (Essex) equals Andrew Symonds’s record of 16 sixes in a first-class innings

888.com Premier League darts final – Gary Anderson bt Adrian Lewis

Tyler Hamilton, a former teammate of Lance Armstrong, claims that he saw Armstrong use performance-enhancing drugs

May 20

'''Challenge Cup – Warrington 112 Swinton 0. Lee Briers scores 44 points'''

'''European Challenge Cup final – Harlequins bt Stade Francais'''

'''Shane Warne plays his last cricket match, for Rajasthan Royals'''

'''Eoin Morgan 193 for England Lions vs Sri Lanka'''

Philip Hodson named as new MCC president

American professional wrestler ‘Macho Man’ Randy Savage dies

May 21

'''Heineken Cup final (Cardiff) – Leinster bt Northampton. Man of the Match Jonathan Sexton scores 28 points'''

'''Blue Square Premier play-off final (Eastlands) – AFC Wimbledon bt Luton'''

'''FA Women’s Cup final – Arsenal bt Bristol Academy'''

'''Scottish Cup final – Celtic bt Motherwell'''

'''Cristiano Ronaldo sets a new Primera Liga single-season scoring record with his 39th and 40th of the campaign for Real Madrid'''

Bernard Hopkins becomes boxing's oldest world champion after beating Canada's Jean Pascal to secure the WBC and IBO light-heavyweight titles. The 46-year-old American is six months older than George Foreman was when he dethroned Michael Moorer as WBA and IBF heavyweight champion in 1994

Nathan Cleverly makes a successful first defence of his WBO light-heavyweight title

George Groves inflicts the first loss of James DeGale's professional career to win the British super-middleweight title

Preakness Stakes – Shackleford

May 22

Spanish GP – Vettel, Hamilton, Button

World Match Play Championship final (Finca Cortesin, Spain) – Poulter bt Donald

Van Persie scores in ninth successive away match

'''Somen Tchoyi''' hat-trick for WBA against Newcastle

Final table – 1st Man Utd, 2nd Chelsea, 3rd Man City, 4th Arsenal

Relegated – Birmingham, Blackpool, West Ham

Leading scorers – Berbatov, Tevez (20 goals)

WBA were the only team to take points off Man Utd at home

Ancelotti sacked by Chelsea

FA Youth Cup final – Man Utd bt Sheffield Utd

May 23

Heather Watson becomes the first British woman to win a match at the French Open for 17 years. Baltacha also wins her first-round match

Australia to stage a ranking snooker tournament for the first time, in July

May 24

French Open first round – Nadal bt Isner in five sets

May 25

Terry Jenner dies

May 26

Kolo Toure banned for six months for failing a drugs test

Fulham qualify for Europa League through the Fair Play League

Professional Rugby Players Association player of the year – Thomas Waldrom (Leicester)

Durham Wildcats will play in the British Basketball League following the withdrawal of Worthing Thunder

Mat 27

Stuart Broad becomes second-youngest Englishman to take 100 Test wickets. Youngest was Ian Botham

Wales bt Northern Ireland in Nations Cup match at Aviva Stadium in front of 529 spectators

May 28

Yorkshire bids for opening stages of 2016 Tour de France

League Two play-off final (Old Trafford) – Stevenage bt Torquay

Promoted – Chesterfield, Bury, Wycombe, Stevenage

Relegated – Lincoln City, Stockport

Leading scorer – Donaldson (Crewe), 28 goals

Premiership final – Saracens bt Leicester. Only try scored by James Short. Owen Farrell kicks 17 points

Magners League final – Munster bt Leinster

Principality Premiership – Pontypridd. Llanelli won the play-off final

Scottish Premiership – Melrose

Ulster Bank All-Ireland League – Old Belvedere

Champions League final (Wembley) – Barcelona 3 (Pedro, Messi, Villa) Man Utd 1 (Rooney)

IPL final – Chennai Super Kings bt Royal Challengers Bangalore

Man of the Series – Chris Gayle (Bangalore)

May 29

Mohamed bin Hammam (Qatar) withdraws from the Fifa presidential race

Monaco GP – Vettel, Alonso, Button

League One play-off final (Old Trafford) – Peterborough bt Huddersfield

Promoted – Brighton, Southampton, Peterborough

Relegated – Dagenham & Redbridge, Bristol Rovers, Plymouth, Swindon

Leading scorer – Mackail-Smith (Peterborough), 27 goals

Republic of Ireland bt Scotland to win Nations Cup

BMW PGA – Donald bt Westwood in a play-off to become world number one

Giro d’Italia – Contador

HP Byron Nelson Championship – Keegan Bradley (USA)

Indy 500 – Dan Wheldon. J.R. Hildebrand was leading, but crashed on the final lap

IRB Sevens World Series – New Zealand. Sponsored by HSBC

May 30

First Test (Cardiff) – Sri Lanka 400 (P Jayawardene 112) and 82 England 496-5 (Trott 203, Cook 133, Bell 103)

Scott Sinclair hat-trick for Swansea against Reading in Championship play-off final

Dave Jones sacked by Cardiff City

Promoted – QPR, Norwich, Swansea

Relegated – Preston, Sheffield Utd, Scunthorpe

Leading scorer – Danny Graham (Watford), 24 goals

County Championship final (Bill Beaumont Cup) – Lancashire

May 31

ECB Cricketer of the Year – Trott

ECB Women’s Cricketer of the Year – Lydia Greenway

Serie A – AC Milan

La Liga – Barcelona

Bundesliga – Borussia Dortmund

Liga Sagres – Porto (unbeaten during the season)

Ligue 1 (Le Championnat) – Lille

Jun 1

Paul Scholes retires

Sepp Blatter re-elected unopposed as Fifa president for a fourth term in office. English and Scottish Football Associations failed to delay the vote. David Bernstein is the FA chairman

Sam Allerdyce appointed as manager of West Ham

Barnsley appoint Rochdale manager Keith Hill as their new manager

Mixed doubles semi-final – Zimonjic and Srebotnik bt Jamie Murray and Nadia Petrova

Jun 2

Shaq O’Neal retires

Gerard Houllier leaves Aston Villa

Daniel Koellerer banned for life for fixing the results of tennis matches

Semi-finals – Li Na bt Sharapova, Schiavone bt Bartoli

Mixed doubles final – Lipsky and Dellacqua bt Zimonjic and Srebotnik

Mark Hughes resigns as Fulham manager

Friends Life t20 competition starts

Jun 3

Oaks – Dancing Rain (Johnny Murtagh), trained by William Haggas. Sponsored by Investec

Women’s doubles final – Hlavachoka and Hradecka (Czech Republic) bt Mirza and Vesnina

Bahrain GP re-instated for 30 October. Indian GP will be held in December

Betfred buys The Tote for £265 million

Semi-finals – Nadal bt Murray. Federer bt Djokovic, ending his 43-match unbeaten run, one short of the record held by McEnroe

Jun 4

Owners of Native Khan obtain an injunction to stop Kieran Fallon riding in the Derby

Derby – Pour Moi (Mickael Barzalona), trained by Andre Fabre. 2nd Treasure Beach, 3rd Carlton House (owned by The Queen). Sponsored by Investec

Final – Li Na bt Schiavone

Men’s doubles final – Mirnyi and Nestor bt Cabal and Schwank

Top 14 – Toulouse

Jun 5

Final – Nadal bt Federer, to equal Borg’s record of six wins at the French Open

Wales Open – Alexander Noren (Sweden)

Jun 6

Gary Kirsten appointed as coach of South Africa

Finn becomes youngest England cricketer to take 50 Test wickets

Ramsdens to sponsor the Scottish Challenge Cup

Jun 7

Martin Jol appointed as manager of Fulham

Damon Hill to step down as president of BRDC

Prior smashes a dressing room window at Lords

Second Test (Lords) – England 486 (Prior 126) and 335-7 (Cook 106) Sri Lanka 479 (Dilshan 193) and 127-3

Jun 8

London 2012 Olympic torch, designed by Edward Barber and Jay Osgerby, is revealed

Magners League to be known as the RaboDirect PRO12

Jun 9

Dublin's Aviva Stadium will host 2013 Heineken Cup final

FIAT Netball Superleague Grand Final – Hertfordshire Mavericks bt Surrey Storm

Jun 10

Manager of the Year – Alex Ferguson

RFU chief executive John Steele leaves his post

Aegon Championship (Queens). Third round – James Ward bt Querrey

Quarter-final – Tsonga bt Nadal

International Origin Match (Headingley) – Exiles bt England. The Exiles side consists of foreign players currently playing in the English Super League competition

Jun 11

Queen’s Birthday Honours –

'''Knighthood –''' Henry Cecil

'''OBE –''' Andy Flower, Andrew Strauss, Lee Westwood, John Amaechi

'''MBE –''' Michaela Breeze, Alastair Cook, Jessica Ennis, Phillips Idowu, Duke McKenzie, Mark Cavendish

Semi-finals – Murray bt Roddick, Tsonga bt Ward

Surjav Randiv hat-trick for Sri Lanka against Essex

Greyhound Derby – Taylors Sky

Jordan Henderson moves from Sunderland to Liverpool

Rushden & Diamonds expelled from the Football Conference for financial reasons

Belmont Stakes – Ruler on Ice

Jun 12

Le Mans – Audi

Italian Open – Robert Rock

Canadian GP – Button, Vettel, Webber

Alex McLeish resigns as manager of Birmingham City

Billy Davies sacked as manager of Nottingham Forest

British MotoGP (Silverstone) – Casey Stoner

NBA – Dallas Mavericks bt Miami Heat 4-2. Finals MVP – Dirk Nowitzki (born in Germany). Regular season MVP – Derrick Rose (Chicago Bulls)

Jun 13

Steve McClaren appointed as manager of Nottingham Forest

Aegon Championship final – Murray bt Tsonga

Aegon Classic (Birmingham) – Sabine Lisicki (Germany)

British Speedway Championship – Scott Nicholls

Jun 14

Royal Ascot. St James’s Palace Stakes – Frankel

Jun 15

Prince of Wales’s Stakes – Rewilding

Eastbourne tournament. Men’s – Seppi (Italy), Women’s – Bartoli

Stanley Cup – Boston Bruins bt Vancouver Canucks 4-3. Finals MVP – Tim Thomas. Regular season MVP – Corey Perry (Anaheim Ducks). First win since 1972. Sixth win in Stanley Cup

Bahrain GP dropped from F1 schedule again

Jun 16

Gold Cup – Fame And Glory (Jamie Spencer), trained by Aidan O’Brien

Alastair Cook's 66th consecutive Test, passing the record of Ian Botham and Alan Knott

Budweiser sign a three-year deal to sponsor the FA Cup

Construction starts on New York Stadium, the future home stadium of Rotherham United

Jun 17

Coronation Stakes – Immortal Verse

Alex McLeish appointed as manager of Aston Villa

Jun 18

Leading jockey at Ascot – Ryan Moore

Leading trainer at Ascot – Richard Hannon (or Aiden O’Brien)

Cook scores sixth consecutive 50 in Test cricket

Churchill Cup final (Worcester) – England Saxons bt Canada. Played for the last time

Jun 19

European Under-21 Championships (Denmark). Final group tables –

Group A – Switzerland, Belarus, Iceland, Denmark

Group B – Spain, Czech Republic, England, Ukraine

Danny Welbeck scored both England goals in the tournament

SPAR European Team Championships (Stockholm). GB winners – Greene (400m hurdles), Charlene Thomas (Women’s 1500m). 1st Russia, 4th GB

US Open (Congressional Club, Bethesda, Maryland) – McIlroy -16, 2nd Day -8

McIlroy (aged 22) becomes the youngest US Open champion since Bobby Jones in 1923 and the youngest major winner since Tiger Woods triumphed at the Masters in 1997

McIlroy led from start to finish, carding 65, 66, 68, 69 (total 268)

Jun 20

Third Test (Rose Bowl) – Sri Lanka 184 (Tremlett 6-48) and 334-5 (Sangakkara 119) England 377-8 (Bell 119)

Man of the match and man of the series – Tremlett

England earn their fifth consecutive series victory

Fifa vice-president Jack Warner resigns

Jun 21

Leicestershire bowled out for 43 by Northants in County Championship

Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland deny claims by the BOA that they have agreed to a Great Britain football team for the 2012 Olympics

NHL announces the sale of the Atlanta Thrashers to True North Sports and Entertainment, which moves the franchise to Winnipeg to become the second incarnation of the Winnipeg Jets. Atlanta becomes the first city in the NHL's modern era to lose two hockey teams. The Flames were the first team, when they relocated to Calgary in 1980 to become the Calgary Flames

Jun 22

Porto coach Andre Villas-Boas is confirmed as Chelsea's new manager

Chris Hughton appointed as manager of Birmingham City

Copa Libertadores – Santos (Brazil)

Jun 23

NBA Draft – Cleveland Cavaliers have the first pick, choosing point guard Kyrie Irving of Duke

Jun 24

Wimbledon. Second round – Sharapova bt Robson

European Amateur Boxing Championships (Ankara) – Andrew Selby (flyweight) and Fred Evans (welterweight) win gold medals for Wales

Jun 25

Ben Spies gains maiden victory in Dutch MotoGP

NatWest T20 (Bristol) – England 136-9, Sri Lanka 137-1. England captained by Stuart Broad

European Under-21 Championships final (Aarhus) – Spain bt Switzerland

British Speedway GP (Millennium Stadium) – Greg Hancock

CONCACAF Gold Cup final – Mexico bt USA. Top scorer – Javier Hernandez

Island Games are held on Isle of Wight

Jun 26

European GP (Valencia) – Vettel, Alonso, Webber. All 24 cars completed the race

Gloucestershire 254-3 vs Middlesex in t20. Highest Twenty20 total in England. Kevin O'Brien hit 11 sixes in his 119 off 52 balls as he and Marshall (102 off 54 balls) put on 192 for the first wicket

BMW International Open – Pablo Larrazabal (Spain)

DFS British Jumping Derby (Hickstead) – Tina Williams riding Promised Land. First lady rider to win since Alison Dawes in 1973

British National Road Race Championships. Men – Bradley Wiggins, Women – Lizzie Armitstead

Irish Derby – Treasure Beach

River Plate relegated from the Argentine first division for the first time in their 110-year history

Jun 27

Fourth round – Bartoli bt Serena Williams

Stuart Law, interim head coach of Sri Lanka, is appointed as head coach of Bangladesh

Los Angeles Dodgers file for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection

Betty Callaway dies

Jun 28

Mike Doyle dies

Former jockey Richard Fox dies

All quarter-finalists in women’s singles are European, for the first time since 1913

Frank Rijkaard appointed as manager of Saudi Arabia

Jun 29

Quarter-final – Tsonga bt Federer. First time that Federer has lost a Grand Slam match after being two sets ahead

Colin Fleming and Ross Hutchins beaten in quarter-finals of men’s doubles

Connor Wickham moves from Ipswich to Sunderland

David de Gea moves from Atletico Madrid to Man Utd

Jun 30

Glamorgan have been stripped of the right to host England's Test against the West Indies in Cardiff in 2012. The ECB made the decision after Glamorgan said they would be late paying the fee they owe for hosting May's Sri Lanka Test

The World Twenty20 tournament will remain a 12-team competition, despite protests from non-Test playing nations

Birmingham City’s chairman Carson Yeung appears in court in Hong Kong charged with money laundering

Semi-finals – Kvitova bt Azarenka, Sharapova bt Lisicki

Jul 1

Semi-finals – Djokovic bt Tsonga, Nadal bt Murray

Jayawardene 144 in second ODI

NBA lockout begins

Jul 2

Final – Kvitova bt Sharapova. First left-handed winner since Navratilova

Men’s doubles final – Bryan and Bryan bt Lindstedt and Tecau

Women’s doubles final – Peschke and Srebotnik bt Lisicki and Stosur

Boy’s singles final – Luke Saville (Australia) bt Liam Broady

Vladimir Klitschko bt David Haye. Fight held in Hamburg. Haye blames a toe injury

Coral-Eclipse – So You Think. 2nd Workforce

Junior World Cup rugby union final (Italy) – New Zealand U20s bt England U20s

Jul 3

Final – Djokovic bt Nadal. Djokovic becomes world number one. Nadal had won his previous 20 matches at Wimbledon

Mixed doubles final – Melzer and Benesova bt Bhupathi and Vesnina

Boy’s doubles – George Morgan (GB) and Mate Pavic (Croatia)

Third ODI – Sri Lanka (Chandimal 105) bt England (Cook 119)

French Open – Thomas Levet

Palestine play Afghanistan in World Cup qualifier, their first ever home match

Jul 4

Gael Clichy moves from Arsenal to Man City

Williams to switch to Renault engines next year

Under-17 World Cup quarter-final (Mexico) – Germany bt England

Jul 5

Arul Suppiah takes 6-5 for Somerset against Glamorgan, the best Twenty20 bowling figures recorded in world cricket

Jul 6

State of Origin – Queensland bt New South Wales

Women’s World Cup final group tables –

Group A – Germany, France, Nigeria, Canada

Group B – England, Japan, Mexico, New Zealand

Group C – Sweden, USA, North Korea, Colombia

Group D – Brazil, Australia, Norway, Equatorial Guinea

New events approved for 2014 Olympic Games – ski slopestyle, snowboard slopestyle, and snowboard parallel special slalom

IOC session in Durban announces that Pyeongchang will host the 2018 Winter Olympics, beating Annecy and Munich in the bid process

Windsor Park in Roseau, Dominica, hosts its first Test match

Jul 7

Charlie Adam moves from Blackpool to Liverpool

City of Manchester Stadium to be renamed the Etihad Stadium

Leicester City confirm that the Walkers Stadium will now be known as the King Power Stadium

Jul 8

Bradley Wiggins (Team Sky) breaks collarbone in Tour de France

Jul 9

England bt Sri Lanka at Old Trafford to win ODI series 3-2

Quarter-final – France bt England on penalties. England captain Faye White missed the last penalty

Middlesex Sevens final – Samurai International bt Esher. Sponsored by Vauxhall

Super Rugby final – Queensland Reds bt Crusaders

July Cup (York) – Dream Ahead, ridden by Hayley Turner, the first-ever woman to ride a group 1 winner outright; Alex Greaves having previously dead-heated in the Nunthorpe stakes

Jul 10

British GP – Alonso, Vettel, Webber

Debut for Daniel Ricciardo (Australia) in Hispania Racing team

Scottish Open (Inverness) – Luke Donald. Played over 54 holes due to flooding

Davis Cup (Glasgow) – GB bt Luxembourg. Murray bt Laurent Bram 6-0 6-0 6-0

Hearts owner Vladimir Romanov tells convicted sex offender Craig Thomson he will not play for the club again

Diamond League meeting in Birmingham. Wins for Farah, Greene, and Idowu

Under-17 World Cup final – Mexico bt Uruguay

Jul 11

Two riders hit by a television car in Tour de France

Martyn Thomas resigns as RFU chairman but remains in power

Alex Hay dies

Jul 12

Dale Jennings moves from Tranmere Rovers to Bayern Munich

Jul 13

John Smit to join Saracens after the World Cup

Jul 14

British Open first round – hole-in-one for Dustin Johnson

Northants bowled out for 47 by Durham in t20 match. Collingwood 5-6, including a hat trick

Jul 15

British Open second round – hole-in-one for Tom Watson

Stewart Downing moves from Aston Villa to Liverpool

Jul 16

Five North Korean players test positive for banned steroids at the women’s World Cup

Speedway World Cup (Poland) – Poland

Jul 17

The Open (Royal St. George’s, Sandwich) – Darren Clarke. 2nd Mickelson, Dustin Johnson. Silver medal – Tom Lewis

2012 tournament will be held at Royal Lytham

Strauss scores century guesting for Somerset against India

Women’s World Cup final (Frankfurt) – Japan bt USA. First Asian country to win the World Cup. England were the only team to beat Japan

Golden Boot and Golden Ball – Homare Sawa (Japan)

Snooker World Cup final (Bangkok) – China (Ding Junhui and Liang Wenbo) bt Northern Ireland (Mark Allen and Gerard Greene)

Jul 18

Shay Given moves from Man City to Aston Villa

Jul 19

Keri-Anne Payne becomes the first British athlete to qualify for the 2012 Olympic Games by winning the gold medal in the 10 km open water event at the Fina World Aquatics Championships in Shanghai

Australian Goldfields Open first round – Matthew Selt bt Higgins

Champions League third qualifying round – HJK Helsinki 10 Bangor City 0

Darren Clarke gives Open gold medal to Royal Portrush golf club. The medal will sit alongside that won by Fred Daly

LPGA announces that the Evian Masters, a tournament held in France that is a major championship on the Ladies European Tour, will become the LPGA's fifth major in 2013

Jul 20

Yao Ming (Houston Rockets) retires

Trainer Howard Johnson appears before a British Horseracing Authority inquiry to face horse welfare and doping charges. Johnson is charged with running Striking Article eight times after the horse had undergone a palmar neurectomy – the severing or removal of leg nerves running to the foot

Tiger Woods splits from caddie Steve Williams

Jul 21

Holly Bleasdale breaks Kate Dennison’s British pole vault record

Jul 22

Pietersen – 6000 Test runs

Jul 23

King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes – Nathaniel (William Buick), trained by John Gosden. Rewilding breaks a leg and has to be put down

Sky Bet Mobile World Matchplay final – Taylor bt Wade

Challenge Cup quarter-final – Wigan bt Warrington, who had won the trophy for the previous two years

Mohamed bin Hammam banned from football for life after being found guilty of bribery

Light welterweight unification fight – Amir Khan bt Zab Judah

British heavyweight championship – Tyson Fury bt Dereck Chisora

Jul 24

German GP – Hamilton, Alonso, Webber

Adam Pearson buys Hull FC

Paul Sinfield sets a new club record of 1245 goals for Leeds

Australian Goldfields Open final – Bingham bt Williams

Senior British Open – Russ Cochran (USA)

Scandinavian Masters – Alexander Noren

Copa America final (Buenos Aires) – Uruguay bt Paraguay

Paraguay drew their three group matches and won their quarter-final and semi-final on penalties

400m freestyle. Silver – Adlington

The London Prepares series is the official London 2012 sports testing programme

Cavendish wins final stage of Tour de France, the 20th stage win of his career

1st Cadel Evans (BMC) 2nd Andy Schleck (Leopard Trek), 3rd Frank Schleck

Top British finisher – Geraint Thomas (31st)

Points – Cavendish (HTC-Highroad)

King of the Mountains – Samuel Sanchez

Young Rider – Pierre Roland

Team – Garmin-Cervelo

Jul 25

First Test (Lords) England 474-8 (Pietersen 202) and 269-6 (Prior 103) India 286 (Dravid 103) and 261

2000th Test match and the 100th Test between England and India

Softball World Cup final – USA bt Japan

Jul 26

Crusaders will not play in Super League for the next three seasons after they withdrew their application for a license

Jul 27

Sussex Stakes – Frankel

One year until the 2012 Olympics starts. Tom Daley performs the first dive at the Aquatics Centre. Mark Foster wins the first race in the pool

Olympic medals unveiled – designed by David Watkins. The front of the medal always depicts the same imagery at the summer Games – the Greek Goddess of Victory, Nike. The design for the reverse features five symbolic elements, and the River Thames

Jul 28

200m butterfly. Silver – Ellen Gandy

Ryan Lochte breaks his own world record to beat Michael Phelps and win the 200m individual medley gold. Lochte becomes the first person to set a long-course world record since FINA banned rubberized swimsuits in 2010

Jurgen Klinsmann replaces Bob Bradley as manager of USA

Goodwood Cup – Opinion Poll

Sergio Aguero moves from Atletico Madrid to Man City for £38 million

Jul 29

Leicestershire bowled out for 34 by Essex. David Masters 8-10

Charles N’Zogbia moves from Wigan to Aston Villa

BBC and Sky join forces to secure live rights to Formula One motor racing in a seven-year deal from 2012 until 2018 – but only half of the races will be broadcast on the BBC

Jul 30

800m. Gold – Adlington

Broad hat-trick against India (Dhoni, Harbajan and Kumar)

UK Trials (Birmingham) used as qualifiers for World Athletics Championships

Ramprakash (Surrey) given out for obstructing the field

World Cup 2014 qualifiers draw –

Scotland and Wales in Group A

Group H – England, Montenegro, Ukraine, Poland, Moldova, San Marino

Jul 31

50m backstroke. Gold – Tancock

400m individual medley. Silver – Hannah Miley

Sun Yang (China) breaks Grant Hackett’s ten-year-old 1500m world record

Ryan Lochte won the most gold medals among the male competitors with five. American Rebecca Soni won a total of three gold medals and one bronze medal. Michael Phelps had the most overall medals in the competition with seven (four golds, two silvers, one bronze)

Hungarian GP – Button, Vettel, Alonso

Button’s 200th GP

First and Second football divisions to merge in Argentina

Women’s British Open (Carnoustie) – Yani Tseng

Irish Open – Simon Dyson

Ian Bell recalled after controversial run out in second Test

Aug 1

Second Test (Trent Bridge) England 221 and 544 (Bell 159) India 288 (Dravid 117, Broad 6-48) and 158 (Bresnan 5-48)

Substitute fielder Scott Elstone took two catches in India’s second innings

Aug 2

Paulo Sergio replaces Jim Jefferies as manager of Hearts

Aug 3

Ricki Clarke (Warwickshire) equals the world record of seven outfield ''catches in an innings''

''Champions League third qualifying round – Malmo bt Rangers''

Aug 6

Manu Tuilagi debut for England in World Cup warm-up match against Wales

London Diamond League meeting at Crystal Palace

Hyde Park Triathlon. Women’s – Helen Jenkins

Aug 7

Hyde Park Triathlon. Men’s – Alistair Brownlee

Community Shield – Man Utd 3 Man City 2. Winning goal scored by Nani

WGC-Bridgestone Invitational – Adam Scott, caddie Steve Williams

Ladies Irish Open – Suzann Pettersen (Norway)

Aug 8

Barry Hills to retire

Corbett Sports to sponsor Welsh Premier League

National BMX Centre opens in Manchester

Aug 9

England vs Netherlands friendly called off due to riots in London

Aug 10

Sean Long retires

Aug 12

Sehwag grabs king pair in Third Test

Woods misses cut at USPGA

Howard Johnson banned from training for four years

Scott LeDoux, a former WBC heavyweight title contender, dies from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), also known as Lou Gehrig's disease

Aug 13

Third Test (Edgbaston) India 224 and 244 England 710-7 (Cook 294 Morgan 104)

England take over at top of world Test rankings

First goal in Premier League – Luis Suarez

Premier League shirt sponsors. Aston Villa – Genting Casinos, Blackburn – Prince’s Trust, Norwich – AVIVA, Swansea – 32Red, Spurs – Aurasma, WBA – Bodog, Wigan – 12BET

Arlington Million – Cape Blanco (Jamie Spencer), trained by Aidan O’Brien

Aug 14

World Badminton Championships (Wembley) – Chris Adcock and Imogen Bankier reach final of mixed doubles. China win all five gold medals

Sussex 399-4 Worcs 319 in CB40

US PGA (Atlanta Athletic Club) – Keegan Bradley bt Jason Dufner in a three-hole playoff. 3rd Anders Hansen

Aug 15

Fabregas moves from Arsenal to Barcelona

Robbie Keane moves to LA Galaxy

Jim Thome of the Minnesota Twins becomes the eighth player in the history of Major League Baseball to hit 600 career home runs

Aug 16

Zico signs a contract to manage the Iraq national football team

Samuel Eto’o signs for Anzhi Makhachkala on a salary of £17 million a year. The Dagestan club is owned by Russian oligarch Suleiman Kerimov

Aug 18

Man Utd to sell off stake in the club in Singapore

GB dressage team win first-ever European team title in Rotterdam

Malaysian businessman Tony Fernandes completes takeover of QPR

Aug 20

Dravid and Tendular break the record of Greenidge and Haynes (6482) for the most runs scored in partnership in Test cricket

Bell – 5000 Test runs

Swansea draw with Wigan in first-ever Premier League game to be played outside England

Triathlon Sprint World Championships (Lausanne). Men’s – Jonathan Brownlee. Women’s – Barbara Riveros Diaz (Chile)

The start of the Spanish La Liga season is delayed by a players' strike

Aug 21

Triathlon Sprint World Championships team event – GB

Cincinnati Open final – Murray bt Djokovic

Dravid faces 30,000th ball in Test cricket

GB bt China in London Prepares basketball match. GB lost all other matches in the series

Aug 22

Fourth Test (Kia Oval) England 591-6 (Bell 235, Pietersen 175) India 300 (Dravid 146 n.o.) and 283 (Swann 6-106)

Men of the series – Broad and Dravid

England win series 4-0 and win the Pataudi Trophy

England are presented with the ICC Test Mace to mark their status as the world's number one side

Senna to replace Heidfeld in Renault team for Belgium GP

Sam Warburton to captain Wales at rugby union World Cup

Aug 24

Netherlands replace Spain at the top of Fifa world rankings

Nasri moves from Arsenal to Man City

Juan Mata moves from Valencia to Chelsea

Fenerbache withdrawn from Champions League due to match-fixing probe. Replaced by Trabzonspor

Aug 25

European Hockey Championship (Germany). Women’s semi-final – Netherlands bt England, Men’s semi-final – Germany bt England

Eoin Morgan captains England to ODI win against Ireland

Alex Ferguson ends BBC interview ban

Europa League qualifying – Spurs bt Hearts, Shamrock Rovers bt Partizan Belgrade

No Scottish teams left in European competitions

Man City, Trabzonspor, Napoli, Viktoria Plzen (Czech Republic) and Otelul Galați (Romania) appear in the group stages of the Champions League for the first time

New York Yankees hit three grand slam home runs in a single game, the first time such a feat has occurred

Scottish Cup to be sponsored by William Hill

Aug 26

European Super Cup (Monaco) – Barcelona bt Porto

Aug 27

Challenge Cup final – Wigan bt Leeds. Lance Todd trophy – Geoff Lima (Wigan)

Joey Barton moves from Newcastle to QPR

t20 finals (Edgbaston). Semi-finals – Leicestershire bt Lancashire in one-over eliminator, Somerset bt Hampshire in one-over eliminator. Final – Leicestershire bt Somerset

Preston goalkeeper Iain Turner scores from his own penalty area

World Athletics Championships (Daegu). Ohuruogu disqualified from 400m after false start. Mascot – Sarbi, a local dog

Tri-Nations – Australia

Women’s final – Netherlands bt Germany. Third-place match – England bt Spain

Aug 28

Belgian GP – Vettel, Webber, Alonso

Men’s final – Germany bt Netherlands. Third-place match – England bt Belgium

Man Utd 8 (Rooney 3) Arsenal 2. First time that Arsenal have conceded eight goals in a match since 1896

Spurs 1 Man City 5 (Dzeko 4)

Chambers disqualified from 100m semi-final after false start

100m – Yohan Blake (Jamaica). Silver – Walter Dix. Bolt disqualified after false start

10000m. Silver – Mo Farah

Johnnie Walker Championship (Gleneagles) – Bjorn

FA WSL (Women’s Super League) – Arsenal

Aug 29

Len Ganley dies

Women’s 400m – Amantle Montsho (Botswana)

100m hurdles – Jason Richardson (USA). Dayron Robles disqualified for interfering with Liu Xiang. Andy Turner finished fourth, but promoted to third and wins bronze medal

Women’s 100m – Jeter

US Open first round – Sharapova bt Watson

Aug 30

Heptathlon – Tatyana Chernova (Russia). Silver – Ennis

800m – David Rudisha

400m – Kirani James (Grenada), aged 18

Aug 31

Turkish GP dropped from 2012 calendar

Owen Hargreaves moves to Man City

Scott Parker moves from West Ham to Spurs

Joe Cole joins Lille on loan

Mikel Arteta moves from Everton to Arsenal

Yossi Benayoun moves from Chelsea to Arsenal on loan

Peter Crouch moves from Spurs to Stoke

Raul Meireles moves from Liverpool to Chelsea

T20 International (Old Trafford) England bt India. Debuts for Alex Hales and Jos Buttler

Sep 1

400m hurdles – Greene

Women’s 1500m. Silver – Hannah England

World rowing championships start in Bled, Slovenia

Sep 2

Gary Cahill scores his first goal for England in 3-0 win in Bulgaria

Netherlands 11 San Marino 0

Pistorius becomes first paralympic to win a medal at the world championships, winning a silver medal in 4 x 400m relay

Women’s 5000m and 10000m – ''Vivian'' Cheruiyot

Sep 3

Women’s double sculls – Grainger and Watkins

200m – Bolt. Silver – Dix

Anderson – 200 ODI wickets

Sep 4

5000m – Farah

Triple jump. Silver – Idowu

European Masters – Bjorn

Lightweight pairs – Purchase and Hunter

Coxless fours – GB

Burghley horse trials – William Fox-Pitt riding Parklane Hawk wins for a record sixth time

Jamaica win men’s 4 x 100m relay to set the only world record at the championships

USA top medal table. GB finish sixth (2-4-1). Other gold medal winners – Russia, Kenya, Jamaica, Germany, China, Australia, Ethiopia, Ukraine, Botswana, Brazil, Grenada, Japan, New Zealand, Poland

All-Ireland Hurling Final – Kilkenny bt Tipperary

Winmau World Masters final (Hull Arena) – Scott Waites bt Dean Winstanley

Sep 6

Celtic reinstated in Europa League after FC Sion are expelled for fielding ineligible players

Sep 7

Chris Froome (GB) wins a stage of the Tour of Spain

Dagenham and Redbridge bt Leyton Orient 14-13 on penalties in JP Trophy

Minor Counties final – Devon bt Cambridgeshire

Sep 8

Randall ''Cobb'' ties the NFL record for longest kick ''return (108m) for Green Bay Packers in NFL opener''

Sep 9

Super League Leaders shield – Warrington

New Zealand bt Tonga in opening match of rugby World Cup

Mixed doubles final – Sock and Oudin bt Schwank and Dulko

Sep 10

Ben Youngs scores only try for England against Argentina

Triathlon world championships. Men’s – 1st Alistair Brownlee, 2nd Jonathan Brownlee

St Leger – Masked Marvel (William Buick), trained by John Gosden

Aguero hat-trick for Man City against Wigan

Rooney hat-trick against Bolton

Simon Kerrigan 9-51 for Lancashire against Hampshire

Semi-finals – Djokovic bt Federer, Nadal bt Murray

Semi-finals – Serena Williams bt Wozniacki, Stosur bt Angelique Kerber (Germany)

Men’s doubles final – Melzer and Petzschner bt Fyrstenberg and Matkowski

Sep 11

Triathlon world championships. Women’s – Helen Jenkins

Italian GP – Vettel, Button, Alonso

Tour of Spain – Juan Jose Cobo (Spain). 2nd Chris Froome, 3rd Wiggins

Shanghai Masters final – Selby bt Williams

Walker Cup (Royal Aberdeen Golf Club) – GB and Ireland bt USA

KLM Open – Simon Dyson

Fourth ODI (Lords) ends in a tie

Final – Stosur bt Serena Williams

Boy’s singles – Oliver Golding

Women’s doubles final – Huber and Raymond bt King and Shvedova

Sep 12

Tour of Britain stage from Kendal to Blackpool cancelled due to high winds

QPR sign shirt deal with Malaysia Airlines (home kit) and Air Asia (away kit)

ICC Awards. Cricketer of the Year – Trott, Test Player of the Year – Cook, ODI Player of the Year – Sangakkara, Emerging Player – Devendra Bishoo

Women’s county championship – Kent

Final – Djokovic bt Nadal

Sep 13

Pink ball trial in Kent vs Glamorgan game

Rugby League Writers’ Association Player of the Year – Sam Tomkins

Sep 15

Lancashire win first county championship title outright since 1934. Shared the title with Surrey in 1950. Captain – Glen Chapple

Relegated – Yorkshire, Hampshire

Promoted – Middlesex, Surrey

Leading run scorer – Trescothick

Most wickets – Dave Masters

Sep 16

Final of Diamond League series at Ivo van Damme meeting in Brussels

Johan Blake runs second-fastest 200m ever, 19.26 seconds

Overall winners –

Men’s 100m – Asafa Powell

Men’s 200m – Walter Dix

Men’s 400m – Kirani James

Women’s 100m and 200m – Carmelita Jeter

Women’s 400m – Amentle Montsho

British winners – Greene, Idowu, Meadows

Jonny Bairstow makes England debut in fifth ODI. Kohli 107. Dravid’s last ODI. England win series 3-0

Sep17

World Cup – Ireland bt Australia

Davis Cup (Glasgow) – GB bt Hungary

CB40 final – Surrey bt Somerset

Swansea score their first-ever goal in the Premier League, and gain their first win, against WBA

Sep 18

Seve Trophy (Paris) – GB and Ireland bt Europe. Captains – Paul McGinley and Jean van der Velde

Great North Run. Men’s – Martin Mathathi (Kenya) in a course record time of 58’ 56”

Women’s – Lucy Wangui Kabuu (Kenya)

Tour of Britain – Lars Boom (Netherlands). 2nd Steve Cummings

Floyd Mayweather beats Victor Ortiz in controversial fight

Lexi Thompson, aged 16, becomes the youngest winner on LPGA history

All-Ireland Gaelic Football Final – Dublin bt Kerry

Sep 19

Essex Pirates withdraw from British Basketball League

Ginger McCain dies

Cricket Writers' Club young cricketer of the year – Jonny Bairstow

Mariano Rivera of the New York Yankees sets a record in Major League Baseball for career saves

Sep 20

Cycling Road World Championships (Copenhagen). Women’s time trial – Judith Arndt (Germany). 3rd Emma Pooley

Racehorse trainer Michael Jarvis dies

Sep 21

Men’s time trial – Tony Martin (Germany). 2nd Wiggins

Scottish Communities League Cup – Falkirk bt Rangers

Leicestershire fail to make the main draw of the Champions League T20

Sep 22

Bryan Habana sets a new South Africa try-scoring record

BBC claims that secret payments were made by Azerbaijan to World Series Boxing (WSB) in return for a guarantee that Azerbaijani fighters would win two boxing gold medals at the London 2012 Olympics

Mansoor Ali Khan, the Nawab of Pataudi, dies

Sep 23

PCA player of the year – Trescothick

PCA young player of the year – Alex Hales

Geoff Marsh named as coach of Sri Lanka

Swann captains England for two T20 internationals against West Indies at Kia Oval

Sep 24

Ashton and Cueto score hat-tricks against Romania

Women’s road race – Georgia Bronzini (Italy)

Richie McCaw wins 100th cap for New Zealand

Van Persie – 100 goals for Arsenal

Demba Ba – hat-trick for Newcastle against Blackburn

Cambridgeshire – Prince Of Johanne. Sponsored by Betfred

England rugby players filmed at a dwarf-throwing club in Queenstown

Sep 25

Berlin marathon – Patrick Makau (Kenya), in a world record time of 2:03.38

Singapore GP – Vettel, Button, Webber

Men’s road race – Cavendish

Solheim Cup (Killeen Castle, Ireland) – Europe 15 USA 13

West Indies bowl England out for 88 to draw Twenty20 series 1-1

FedEx Cup – Bill Haas

Warrington choose Leeds in ClubCall

Sep 26

Stephen Jones wins 101st cap for Wales, against Namibia, overtaking the record of 100 caps set by Gareth Thomas

Sep 27

Canada draw with Japan in rugby World Cup

Tevez refuses to warm up against Bayern Munich

Sep 28

Alex Oxlade-Chamberlain scores on Champions League debut for Arsenal

Sep 29

Titus Bramble suspended by Sunderland after he was arrested on suspicion of sexual assault and possession of a Class A drug

Sep 30

Super League semi-final – Leeds bt Warrington

Oct 1

Runners no longer allowed in international cricket

World Cup – Tonga bt France

Ashton scores only try for England against Scotland

Super League semi-final – St Helens bt Wigan

AFL Grand Final – Geelong Cats bt Collingwood Magpies

Oct 2

Fulham 6 (Johnson 3) QPR 0

Lampard hat-trick against Bolton

Alfred Dunhill Links – Michael Hoey

Prix de l’Arc de Triomphe – Danedream. German horse, wins in a record time

Final pool tables –

Pool A – New Zealand, France, Tonga, Canada, Japan

Pool B – England, Argentina, Scotland, Georgia, Romania

Pool C – Ireland, Australia, Italy, USA, Russia

Pool D – South Africa, Wales, Samoa, Fiji, Namibia

Russia making their debut in World Cup. Coach – Kingsley Jones

John Kirwan is coach of Japan

Eddie O’Sullivan is coach of USA

Steve McClaren resigns as manager of Nottingham Forest

Jone Samuelson scores with a header from his own half in a match in Norway

Co-operative Championship Grand Final – Featherstone Rovers bt Sheffield Eagles

Junior Davis Cup – GB

NRL Grand Final – Manly Warringah Sea Eagles bt New Zealand Warriors

Oct 3

Seb Coe and Hannah England try out the completed running track at the Olympic Stadium

Tiger Woods drops out of the top 50 in the world ranking for the first time in nearly 15 years, ending a streak of 778 consecutive weeks

Oct 4

Man of Steel – Rangi Chase (Castleford)

Manu Tuilagi fined for wearing a sponsored mouthguard

Seattle Sounders F.C. retain the Lamar Hunt U.S. Open Cup

Oct 5

Graham Dilley dies

Oct 6

Wayne Rooney’s father arrested in betting probe

Oxlade-Chamberlain hat-trick for England U21 against Iceland

Oct 7

Phil Jones makes England debut against Montenegro. Rooney sent off in 2-2 draw

Olympics drug ban on LaShawn Merritt is overturned

Oct 8

Barrow Raiders are deducted 29 points for a breach of RFL operational rules and are relegated into Championship One

Quarter-finals – Wales bt Ireland, France bt England (tries – Foden and Cueto)

Champions T20 League semi-final – Mumbai Indians bt Somerset

Super League Grand Final – Leeds bt St Helens. Harry Sunderland Trophy – Rob Burrow

Speedway Grand Prix (World Championship) – Greg Hancock

Cesarewitch – Never Can Tell

The Australian mare Black Caviar ties the record set by Phar Lap for consecutive victories, with an unbeaten run of 14 wins

Oct 9

Japanese GP – Button, Alonso, Vettel

Vettel becomes youngest person to win back-to-back world championships

Quarter-finals – Australia bt South Africa, New Zealand bt Argentina

Muliana wins 100th cap for New Zealand

Champions T20 League final – Mumbai Indians bt Bangalore Royal Challengers

Japan Open final – Murray bt Nadal. Doubles – Andy and Jaime Murray

Madrid Masters – Lee Slattery

Ironman World Championships – Chrissie Wellington

Manu Tuilagi jumps off a ferry into Auckland harbour and is arrested

World Grand Prix final –Taylor bt Brendan Dolan. Players must commence and finish each leg on a double

Oct 10

Elite League Grand Final – Poole Pirates bt Eastbourne Eagles

WNBA finals – Minnesota Lynx bt Atlanta Dream

Nigel Worthington resigns as Northern Ireland manager

Oct 11

West Ham Olympic Stadium deal collapses

Mark Cavendish to join Team Sky

World Gymnastics Championships (Tokyo). Women’s team event – USA

Changes to rules on whipping come into effect

Oct 12

Nine jockeys banned for ten days for failing to observe a race-stop flag at Wetherby

Sahara invests $100 in Force India F1 team

Oct 13

Wayne Rooney will miss the Euro 2012 group stage after being banned for three matches for his sending off against Montenegro

David Haye retires

Richard Hughes gives up his riding license in protest at the new whip regulations

Oct 14

Steve Cotterill moves from Portsmouth to become manager of Nottingham Forest

Oct 15

Semi-final – France 9 Wales 8. Sam Warburton sent off by Alain Rolland

Pommel horse. Bronze – Louis Smith

Lewis Hamilton on pole for Korean GP, the first time this season that Red Bull have not gained pole position

British Champions Day at Ascot

Queen Elizabeth II Stakes – Frankel

Belgian jockey Christophe Soumillon banned for five days and forfeits £50,000 after using his whip one more time than the maximum in the last furlong when guiding Cirrus Des Aigles to victory in Britain's richest race, the £1.3m Champion Stakes

Baseball World Cup (Panama) – Netherlands bt Cuba to win their first World Cup title, and the first by a European nation since the inaugural event in 1938 won by Great Britain

WCB light heavyweight title fight between Bernard Hopkins and Chad Dawson declared a no contest after Dawson lifted Hopkins, who stumbled, fell, and landed on his shoulder

Oct 16

Sam Warburton banned for three weeks for illegal tackle on Clerc

Semi-final – New Zealand bt Australia

Korean GP – Vettel, Hamilton, Webber

Red Bull win constructors championship

Portugal Masters – Tom Lewis, in his third professional tournament

Men’s all-around – Kohei Uchimura (Japan) wins for third consecutive year

Women’s all-around – Jordyn Wieber (USA)

Superbike World Championship – Carlos Checa (Spain), riding a Ducati

MotoGP – Casey Stoner (Australia) wins world title for Repsol Honda

Giovanni Visconti (Italy) wins UCI Europe tour for third successive year

Oct 17

Dan Wheldon dies following a crash involving 15 cars at the Las Vegas Indy 300

Indy Car series title – Dario Franchitti

Kohli 112 in second ODI

Oct 19

Grand Slam of Golf (Bermuda) – 1st Bradley, 2nd Schwartzel, 3rd McIlroy, 4th Clarke

Oct 20

Stuart Pearce and Hope Powell to manage GB football teams at 2012 Olympics

Oct 21

Third-place match – Australia bt Wales

Changes to whip regulations announced. Flat riders may now use their seven permitted strikes at any point in a race, while jump jockeys may use eight

Oct 22

Rory McIlroy splits from his manager Andrew Chandler

Albert Pujols joins Babe Ruth and Reggie Jackson as the only players in baseball history to hit three home runs in a World Series game

Oct 23

World Cup final (Eden Park, Auckland) – New Zealand 8 France 7. Tries – Woodcock and Dusautoir. Penalty – Donald. Captain – McCaw. Man of the match – French captain Dusautoir. Referee – Craig Joubert

New Zealand's victory marks the first time that a nation had held the World Cup and Women's Rugby World Cup, as the Black Ferns have held their title since 1998

Leading try scorers – Ashton, Clerc (6 tries)

Leading points scorer – Steyn (62 points)

Mario Simoncelli killed in MotoGP race at Sepang after colliding with Colin Edwards and Valentino Rossi

Man Utd 1 Man City 6. First time that Man Utd have conceded six goals at home since 1930

Borthwick and Meaker play in fourth ODI

European Cycling Championships (Netherlands) – Pendleton wins four medals

Lewis Moody retires from international rugby

Lampard – 500 Premier League games

Chicago Bears bt Tampa Bay Buccaneers in NFL game at Wembley

Nicola Adams (flyweight) becomes the first British woman to win a major boxing title with victory in the European Championships in Rotterdam

Castello Masters – Sergio Garcia

Luke Donald clinches the PGA Tour money list title with victory at the Disney Classic in Florida

Oct 24

Sven-Goran Eriksson leaves Leicester City

IRB Player of the Year – Thierry Dusautoir

Team of the Year – New Zealand

Coach of the Year – Graham Henry

Young Player of the Year – George Ford (Leicester)

Samoan coach fined 100 pigs for poor performance at World Cup

Oct 25

India win ODI series 5-0. Dhoni has scored 330 runs without dismissal in his past six ODI innings, all against England

Gareth Thomas retires

Luke Donald wins the PGA player of the year award and the Vardon Trophy for the lowest scoring average on the Tour

New Jersey to host a GP in 2013 (Austin is hosting a GP in 2012 at ‘Circuit of the Americas’)

Oct 27

St Louis Cardinals take World Series to a deciding game after twice going down to their last strike in game six. David Freese won the game with a walk-off home run in the 11th

Titus Bramble charged with sexual assault

Oct 28

Mo Farah and Jessica Ennis named athletes of the year for the second year in succession by the British Athletics Writers' Association

World Series – St Louis Cardinals bt Texas Rangers 4-3. 11th win. MVP – David Freese

The Cardinals trailed the Atlanta Braves in the NL Wild Card race by 10 ½ games on August 25

Oct 29

England bt India in T20 international in Kolkata

Sam Tomkins scores four tries for England against Wales in Four Nations tournament

Chelsea 3 Arsenal 5 (Van Persie 3)

Oct 30

Shanghai Masters – McIlroy. Richest prize in golf, $2 million

Indian GP (Buddh International Circuit, New Delhi) – Vettel, Button, Alonso

Andalucía Masters – Garcia

WTA Championship final (Istanbul) – Kvitova bt Azarenka

Oct 31

Steve Claridge, aged 45, scores for Gosport Borough

Demba Ba hat-trick for Newcastle against Stoke

World Billiards Championship – Mike Russell wins for the 11th time

Nov 1

Melbourne Cup – Dunaden

Nov 2

Martyn Thomas steps down from all RFU roles

Nov 3

Salman Butt is jailed for two-and-a-half years, Mohammad Asif for one year and Mohammad Amir for six months for their parts in a conspiracy to bowl deliberate no-balls in a Test

Jacques Brunel replaces Nick Mallett as head coach of Italy

Nov 4

12 Olympic posters by leading British artists revealed

Nov 5

Breeders Cup Turf (Churchill Downs, Louisville) – St Nicholas Abbey (Joseph O’Brien), trained by Aidan O’Brien

18-year-old Joseph O'Brien becomes the youngest jockey to win a Breeders' Cup race

Paul Hanagan retains champion jockeys’ title. 2nd Silvestre De Sousa (Brazil)

Richard Hannon retains champion trainers’ title

Four Nations matches played at Wembley

Swiss Indoors semi-final – K'''ei Nishikori (Japan) bt Djokovic'''

Ian Thorpe makes a comeback

North Stand at Old Trafford renamed the Sir Alex Ferguson Stand as Ferguson celebrates 25th anniversary as manager

AFC Champions League – Al-Sadd (Qatar)

Nov 6

WGC Champions tournament (Shanghai) – Martin Kaymer

MotoGP season ends in Valencia. Rossi wore No. 58 helmet in honour of Marco Simoncelli

Driver Championship Standings:

1st Casey Stoner (Australia) Honda, 2nd Jorge Lorenzo (Spain) Yamaha, 3rd Andrea Dovizioso (Italy) Honda

Manufacturers Championship Standings:

1st Honda 2nd Yamaha 3rd Ducati

Rookie of the Year – Cal Crutchlow (GB)

MOTO 2 Championship – Stefan Bradl (Germany)

Misano grand prix circuit in Italy to be renamed in honour of Marco Simoncelli

Fed Cup final (Moscow) – Czech Republic bt Russia

New York City Marathon. Men’s – Geoffrey Mutai (Kenya). Women’s –Firehiwot Dado (Ethiopia)

Geoffrey Mutai is unrelated to London Marathon winner Emmanuel Mutai

World Open squash finals (Rotterdam). Men’s – Nick Matthew bt Gregory Gaultier (France). Women’s – Nicole David bt Jenny Duncalf (England)

Nov 7

Joel Tomkins moves from Wigan to Saracens

Nov 8

Tendulkar passes 15,000 Test runs

Joe Frazier dies

Jimmy Adamson dies

Fifa rejects FA’s request for the England team to wear poppies during the match against Spain, but allows them to wear poppies on black armbands

Nov 10

Newcastle United rename St James' Park the Sports Direct Arena after owner Mike Ashley's company

Renault's new name will be Lotus F1 Team. Team Lotus, owned by Malaysian businessman Tony Fernandes, changes its name to Caterham F1 for 2012. The Virgin team will change the name of their chassis to Marussia

John Daly quits from the Australian Open after hitting six balls into the water from the 11th tee during the first round

Australia bowled out for 47 by South Africa, after being 21-9. Lowest-ever test score is 26 (New Zealand vs England)

18 players test positive for steroids at Kabaddi World Cup

Nov 11

London defeats Doha to be host city for 2017 World Athletics Championships

Gold Coast defeats Hambantota (Sri Lanka) to be host city for 2018 Commonwealth Games

Mike Tindall is fined £25,000 by the Rugby Football Union and removed from England's elite player squad for his conduct during the Rugby World Cup

Florida Marlins officially change their name to the Miami Marlins and will play at Miami Ballpark in 2012

Southeast Asian Games open in Palembang, Indonesia

Nov 12

Masaaki Toma (Japan) becomes the first non-British referee to take charge of an FA Cup fixture, the first round tie between Brentford and Basingstoke

Paddy Power Gold Cup – Great Endeavour

Wilson Ramos (Washington Nationals) is kidnapped in Venezuela, and rescued two days later

Vettel equals Mansell’s record of 14 pole positions in a season

John Arne Riise wins 100th cap for Norway

England 1 (Lampard) Spain 0

Iker Casillas plays in his 126th international match for Spain, equaling the record set by Andoni Zubizarreta

FA Cup first round – AFC Totton 8 Bradford PA 1

IAAF athletes of the year – Usain Bolt and Sally Pearson

''UFC on Fox: Velasquez vs. Dos Santos'' mixed martial arts event held by the Ultimate Fighting Championship. The event is the most-watched live MMA event in the United States. Junior Dos Santos (Brazil) defeated Cain Velasquez (USA) to become the new Heavyweight Champion

Nov 13

Abu Dhabi GP – Hamilton, Alonso, Button

Wales Rally GB – Jari Matti Latvala (Finland)

Loeb crashes with Spanish spectator between stages

Loeb win eighth successive world rally title

Australian Open – Greg Chalmers (Australia)

Singapore Open – Gonzalo Fernandez-Castano

Federer becomes only the second player after Andre Agassi to win both the Paris titles – the Masters and the French Open

Peter Roebuck dies

Nov 14

First cricket Test championship will not be played until 2017

WTA Player of the Year – Kvitova

Nov 15

Plymouth Raiders fined for not controlling their mascot, Foxy, during a BBL Trophy match against Guildford Heat

Jason Gillespie to coach Yorkshire

Gareth Barry (or Daniel Majstorovic own-goal) scores England’s 2000th goal, against Sweden

Ireland bt Estonia to qualify for Euro 2012

Hull manager Nigel Pearson appointed as manager of Leicester City

St Helens new stadium to be called Langtree Park

Nov 16

Martin Johnson resigns

Cartier racehorse of the year – Frankel

Cartier award of merit – Barry Hills

Nov 17

Sepp Blatter says football does not have a problem with racism on the field and any incidents should be settled by a handshake

Nov 18

Heineken Cup – Edinburgh 48 Racing Metro 47

Manchester City report an annual loss of £194.9 million for 2010 – 2011, the biggest in English football history

Suzuki will not compete in next year's MotoGP championship for financial reasons

Kat Driscoll qualifies for Olympics at World Trampolining Championships (NIA, Birmingham)

Houston Astros are to move to the American League in 2013 after 51 years in the National League, a move that balances the number of teams in Major League Baseball

Nov 19

Huddersfield set new league record of 43 games unbeaten

Scottish Cup – Airdrie 11 Gala Fairydean 0

Basil D’Oliviera dies

Betfair Chase – Kauto Star. 2nd Long Run

Four Nations final (Elland Road) – Australia bt England. Last match for Darren Lockyer

World Seniors Championship final – Darren Morgan bt Steve Davis

Nov 20

Presidents Cup (Melbourne) – USA bt International team. Captains – Couples and Norman

Power snooker final (Manchester) – Martin Gould bt O’Sullivan

MLS Cup final – LA Galaxy bt Houston Dynamo

William Hill Grand Slam of Darts final (Wolverhampton) – Taylor bt Anderson

Nov 21

Nicky Henderson trains seven winners in a day

Etihad Stadium to host 2012 Millennium Weekend

Nov 22

Murray pulls out of ATP World Tour finals after suffering a groin strain in a match against Ferrer. Replaced by Janko Tipsarevic

Micky Arthur named as head coach of Australia cricket team

National League MVP – Ryan Braun (Milwaukee Brewers). American League MVP – Justin Verlander (Detroit Tigers)

Nov 24

Damning England rugby union World Cup reports leaked

American Samoa win their first ever football match, beating Tonga

Nov 25

Final group standings –

Group A – Berdych, Ferrer, Djokovic, Tipsarevic

Group B – Federer, Tsonga, Nadal, Fish

Nov 26

Semi-finals – Federer bt Ferrer, Tsonga bt Berdych

Sam Tomkins (Wigan) scores a try for Barbarians against Australia

Vettel gains 15th pole position of the season

Hennessy Gold Cup – Carruthers

NBA team owners and players reach an agreement to end the NBA lockout and to begin the current NBA season on Christmas Day

Ron Lyle dies

Nov 27

New Zealand's Jesse Ryder equals the first-class record for most sixes in an innings (16) against Australia A

Gary Speed dies, aged 42

Brazilian GP – Webber, Vettel, Button

Final standings –

Vettel 392, Button 270, Webber 258

Red Bull 650, McLaren 497, Ferrari 375

Vettel won 11 races

Final – Federer bt Tsonga

Doubles final – Nestor and Mirnyi bt Fyrstenberg and Matkowski

Golf World Cup (China) – USA (Matt Kuchar and Gary Woodhall). 2nd England (Poulter and Rose), Germany

Grey Cup – BC Lions bt Winnipeg Blue Bombers

Japan Cup – Buena Vista

Premier League final – O’Sullivan bt Ding

South African Open – Hennie Otto

British Figure Skating Championships. Men – Jason Thompson. Women – Jenna McCorkell

Nov 28

The 2013 Rugby League World Cup will be held in four different countries – England, Wales, Ireland and France

Charlton end Huddersfield's 43-match unbeaten run

BBC Sports Personality of the Year shortlist – Mark Cavendish, Darren Clarke, Alastair Cook, Luke Donald, Mo Farah, Dai Greene, Amir Khan, Rory McIlroy, Andy Murray, Andrew Strauss

William Hill sports book of the year – ‘A Life Too Short: The Tragedy of Robert Enke’, Ronald Enge

Nov 29

Kimi Raikkonen will return to Formula 1after signing a two-year deal with Renault, who will become Lotus in 2012

Portsmouth could be docked points after chairman Vladimir Antonov resigned as its parent company Convers Sports Initiatives entered administration

The 2012 Laureus World Sports Awards will be held in London for the first time

Martyn Thomas leaves the RFU

Nov 30

Steve Kean admits that Blackburn ‘forfeited’ Carling Cup match to Cardiff

Steve Bruce sacked by Sunderland

Carling Cup quarter-final – Man Utd 1 Crystal Palace 2. Winning goal scored by Glenn Murray

Dec 1

Philippe Saint-Andre appointed as head coach of France

Dec 2

Euro 2012 draw in Kiev –

Group A – Poland, Greece, Russia, Czech Republic

Group B – Netherlands, Denmark, Germany, Portugal

Group C – Spain, Ireland, Republic of Ireland, Croatia

In Group D England will open against France in Donetsk on 11 June, they then play Sweden in Kiev on 15 June, and end against Ukraine back in Donetsk on 19 June

Dec 3

Shane Williams scores his 58th try for Wales in his 85th and final international, against Australia

Dubai Sevens – England

Yakubu scores four goals for Blackburn against Swansea

Martin O’Neill appointed as manager of Sunderland

Tingle Creek – Sizing Europe

Dec 4

Socrates dies

Davis Cup final (Seville) – Spain bt Argentina. Nadal bt Del Potro to win third point for Spain

Chevron World Challenge – Woods

Hong Kong Open – McIlroy

Nedbank Golf Challenge (Sun City) – Westwood

Dec 5

NHL Board of Governors announce that it will divide the league into four conferences (instead of the previous six ‘divisions’) starting in the 2012 – 2013 season

Dec 6

Champions Trophy men’s hockey pool match – Spain 8 Great Britain 1

Mark Allen calls on Barry Hearn to resign for changing the format of tournaments

Sunny Bay dies. Runner-up in Grand National in 1997 and 1998

Dec 7

Barry Hearn dismisses Mark Allen's criticism of him as that of "a silly little boy”

Corsica will host the first three stages of the 100th Tour de France in 2013, for the first time

Basle knock Man Utd out of Champions League

Bafetimbi Gomis score a hat-trick for Lyon against Dinamo Zagreb in seven minutes, beating Mike Newell's fastest Champions League treble (nine minutes) for Blackburn in 1995 against Rosenborg

Dec 8

Sehwag scores 219 against West Indies to set a new record one-day international score

Judy Murray named by the Lawn Tennis Association as Great Britain's new Fed Cup team captain

Stuart Lancaster to coach England on an interim basis for 2012 Six Nations

Sunday Times Sportswoman of the Year – Sarah Stevenson

Dec 9

Romain Grosjean, winner of the 2011 GP2 series, will drive for Renault (Lotus) next year

Dec 10

Ben Ainslee disqualified from Finn class at World Championships after an altercation with officials in a media boat

Women’s European Curling Championships (Moscow) – Scotland

Denman is retired

Lancashire cricketer Roy Tattersall dies

Amir Khan defeated by Lamont Peterson to lose his WBA and IBF light-welterweight titles in a controversial fight in Washington DC. ‘Man in the Hat’ seen with the judges is Mustafa Ameen

Dec 11

Luke Donald became the first man to win the US and European money lists in one year after finishing third at the Dubai World Championship and winning the Race to Dubai

Dubai World Championship – Alvaro Quiros

World Championships Finn class (Perth) – Giles Scott (GB)

Champions Trophy men’s hockey final (Auckland) – Australia bt Spain

UK Championship final (Barbican Centre, York) – Trump bt Allen. Both players are left handed. Sponsored by Williamhill.com

Mosconi Cup – Team Europe bt USA

Dec 12

Chelsea end Man City’s unbeaten start to the Premier League

Jonny Wilkinson retires from international rugby

Dec 13

PGA Tour Player of the Year – Luke Donald. Rookie of the year – Keegan Bradley

Ben Edwards will replace Martin Brundle as the BBC’s lead Formula One commentator next season following the latter’s switch to Sky Sports

Dec 14

Four jockeys banned for corruption by British Horseracing Authority. Two owners banned for betting on their own horse to lose

Toro Rosso name Daniel Ricciardo and Jean-Eric Vergne as their drivers for the 2012 Formula 1 season

Phil Brown sacked by Preston

The Rugby Football Union names Wimbledon tennis boss Ian Ritchie as chief executive

European Tour Golfer of the Year – Luke Donald

International Tennis Federation World Champions – Djokovic and Kvitova

Dec 16

Force India name Paul di Resta and Nico Hulkenberg as their drivers for the 2012 Formula 1 season

Yorkshire Jets to join netball Superleague next year

Lee Westwood 18 under par after two rounds of the Thailand Golf Championship, equalling the record on the Asian Tour

Dec 17

Super Six final (Atlantic City) – Andre Ward bt Carl Froch

Dec 18

Green Bay Packers lose for the first time this season, against Kansas City Chiefs

Indianapolis Colts win for the first time this season, against Tennessee Titans

James Willstrop replaces Nick Matthew as world number one

Shane Warne returns to cricket to play for Melbourne Stars in the new Twenty20 Big Bash League in Australia

Fifa Club World Cup final (Yokohama) – Barcelona bt Santos

London International Horse Show (Olympia) – Guy Williams won five events. Dermott Lennon won the Olympia Grand Prix

Dec 19

European Tour rookie of the year – Tom Lewis

Dec 20

Luis Suarez handed eight-match ban for racially abusing Patrice Evra

Dec 21

20,000th goal in Premier League scored by Marc Albrighton for Aston Villa against Arsenal

Dec 22

African Footballer of the Year – Yaya Toure

A KNVB Cup game between Ajax and AZ is abandoned after the AZ manager leads his team off the pitch in protest at the sending-off of his goalkeeper, Esteban Alvarado, who kicked an Ajax fan who attacked him

BBC Sports Personality of the Year (MediaCityUK) 1st Cavendish, 2nd Clarke, 3rd Farah

Overseas Personality – Novak Djokovic

Coach – Andy Flower

Team – England cricket

Young Personality – Lauren Taylor, the youngest-ever winner of the British Ladies amateur Golf Championship

Lifetime achievement award – Steve Redgrave

Helen Rollason award – Bob Champion

Unsung heroes – '''Janice Eaglesham''' and '''Ian Mirfin'''

Dec 25

NBA season starts

Dec 26

King George VI – Kauto Star. 2nd Long Run

Berbatov hat-trick against Wigan

Dec 27

PDC second round – Dave Chisnall bt Phil Taylor

New Orleans Saints quarterback Drew Brees breaks Dan Marino's 27-year-old record for passing yards in an NFL season

Welsh Grand National – Le Beau Bai

Saracens end Harlequins unbeaten start to the Aviva Premiership season at Twickenham in front of 82,000 supporters, a record for a club match

Dec 28

Michael O’Neill appointed as manager of Northern Ireland

Dec 29

Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race – Investec Loyal

Dec 30

Van Persie scores 35 goals in calendar year, one behind Alan Shearer’s Premier League record

Dec 31

Ivan Lendl to coach Andy Murray

Williams co-founder Patrick Head steps down from the Formula One team's board

New Years Honours –

Knighthood – Doug Ellis

CBE – Nigel Mansell

OBE – Darren Clarke, Dickie Bird, Stuart Hall, Adrian Newey

MBE – Rory McIlroy, Sarah Stevenson, Chris Paterson, Martyn Williams, Jamie Peacock

Sport and Leisure/Rugby World Cup

2021-04-18T22:19:08Z

Admin: Created page with "'''History''' The idea of a Rugby World Cup had been suggested on numerous occasions going back to the 1950s, but met with opposition from most unions in the International Ru..."

'''History'''

The idea of a Rugby World Cup had been suggested on numerous occasions going back to the 1950s, but met with opposition from most unions in the International Rugby Football Board (IRFB).

The idea resurfaced several times in the early 1980s, with the Australian Rugby Union in 1983, and the New Zealand Rugby Union in 1984 independently proposing the establishment of a world cup. A proposal was again put to the IRFB in 1985 and this time successfully passed 10–6. The delegates from Australia, France, New Zealand and South Africa all voted for the proposal, and the delegates from Ireland and Scotland against; the English and Welsh delegates were split, with one from each country for and one against.

The Webb Ellis Cup is the prize presented to winners of the Rugby World Cup, named after William Webb Ellis. It stands 38 cm high and is silver gilded in gold, and supported by two cast scroll handles, one with the head of a satyr, and the other a head of a nymph. The trophy is restored after each game by fellow Royal Warrant holder Thomas Lyte.

An Acme whistle has started every Rugby World Cup Tournament since 1987. The whistle was first used in 1905 for a game between England and New Zealand

'''1987: New Zealand and Australia'''

Seven of the 16 places were automatically filled by IRFB members. South Africa were banned. Invitations were sent out to Argentina, Fiji, Italy, Canada, Romania, Tonga, Japan, Zimbabwe and the United States. Western Samoa were excluded

'''Pool stage'''

First game – New Zealand 70 Italy 6

New Zealand 74 Fiji 13; New Zealand 46 Argentina 15

Australia 19 England 6. England 60 Japan 7 (Mike Harrison scored a hat-trick). England 34 USA 6

Wales 13 Ireland 6 (Only try scored by Mark Ring)

France 70 Zimbabwe 12. France 20 Scotland 20 (First draw in the World Cup)

France topped Pool 4 on points difference over Scotland.

'''Quarter-finals'''

England 3 Wales 16. Gareth Roberts, Robert Jones and John Devereux scored tries for Wales

New Zealand 30 Scotland 3

Australia 33 Ireland 15

France 31 Fiji 16

'''Semi-finals'''

France 30 Australia 24

New Zealand 49 Wales 6

Huw Richards of Wales became the first player to receive a red card in a Rugby World Cup tournament

'''Third place playoff'''

Wales 22 Australia 21. Winning try scored by Adrian Hadley

David Codey of Australia became the second player to receive a red card in a Rugby World Cup tournament

'''Final: New Zealand win'''

New Zealand 29 France 9. Match played at Eden Park, Auckland

Winning captain – David Kirk

Winning coach – Brian Lochore

Leading try scorers – Craig Green and John Kirwan (both New Zealand) 8

Leading points scorer – Grant Fox (New Zealand) 126

'''1991: England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland and France'''

'''Qualifying competition'''

The eight quarter-finalists from 1987 qualified automatically with the remaining twenty-five countries having to qualify for the remaining eight spots

After qualifying there was only one change from the 1987 tournament, with Western Samoa appearing in place of Tonga

'''Pool stage'''

Points system was changed to 3 points for a win, 2 points for a draw, 1 point for a loss

First game: England 12 New Zealand 18. Only try scored by Michael Jones.

England 36 Italy 6. England 37 USA 9.

Scotland won Pool 2 with a 24-15 victory over Ireland

Wales beat Argentina, and lost to Australia

Wales 13 Western Samoa 16

When the final whistle went, the Welsh came off the field at Cardiff Arms Park and one of rugby's more famous quips was made – "Thank heavens Wales weren't playing the whole of Samoa"

Canada qualified from Pool 4 after victories over Fiji and Romania

'''Quarter-finals'''

France 10 England 19. Tries for Underwood and Carling. Played in Parc des Princes, Paris. After the final whistle French coach Daniel Dubroca manhandled referee David Bishop accusing him of being a cheat

Ireland 18 Australia 19. Winning try scored by Michael Lynagh

Scotland 28 Western Samoa 6

New Zealand 29 Canada 13

'''Semi-finals'''

Scotland 6 England 9. Gavin Hastings kicked two penalties for Scotland but missed a penalty from in front of the posts. John Webb kicked two penalties and Rob Andrew kicked a drop goal for England

Australia 16 New Zealand 6

'''Third place playoff'''

New Zealand 13 Scotland 6

'''Final: Australia win'''

Australia 12 England 6. Match played at Twickenham

Only try scored by Tony Daly. Referee Derek Bevan denied England a penalty try when David Campese knocked forward a pass

Winning captain – Nick Farr-Jones. Winning coach – Bob Dwyer

Leading try scorers – Jean-Baptiste Lafond (France) and David Campese (Australia) 6

Leading points scorer – Ralph Keyes (Ireland) 68

'''1995: South Africa'''

'''Qualifying competition'''

The eight quarter-finalists from the 1991 Rugby World Cup all received automatic entry, as did South Africa, as hosts

Wales had to qualify

Côte d'Ivoire qualified for the only time

Fiji failed to qualify for the first time, having lost to Tonga and Western Samoa

'''Pool stage'''

First game – South Africa 27 Australia 18. Stransky scored 22 points

Following a fight in the match between South Africa and Canada, James Dalton (South Africa), Rod Snow and Gareth Rees (both Canada) were sent off

England 24 Argentina 18. Rob Andrew kicked six penalties and two dropped goals

England 27 Italy 20. England 44 Western Samoa 22. Jon Callard scored 21 points

New Zealand 145 Japan 17

New Zealand scored 21 tries, including a record 6 by Marc Ellis. Simon Culhane converted 20 of the tries and scored a record 45 points. Most points scored by a team in a World Cup match

In the match to decide the runners-up to New Zealand, Ireland beat Wales 24-23

Scotland 89 Ivory Coast 0. Gavin Hastings scored 44 points

In the match to decide the group winners, France beat Scotland 22-19

Romania scored 14 points in their pool matches, the lowest ever in a World Cup

'''Quarter-finals'''

England 25 Australia 22

Tony Underwood scored England’s only try. Rob Andrew dropped the winning goal with the final kick of the game

France 36 Ireland 12. Thierry Lacroix kicked eight penalties

New Zealand 48 Scotland 30

South Africa 42 Western Samoa 14. Chester Williams scored four tries

'''Semi-finals'''

New Zealand 45 England 29

Jonah Lomu scored four tries, running through Mike Catt for one of the tries

New Zealand No. 8 Zinzan Brooke scored a drop goal

Will Carling and Rory Underwood each scored two consolation tries for England

South Africa 19 France 15. Only try scored by Ruben Kruger

'''Third place playoff'''

France 19 England 9

'''Final: South Africa win'''

South Africa 15 New Zealand 12 (after extra time)

Match played at Ellis Park, Johannesburg

Joel Stransky scored three penalties and two drop goals for South Africa

Andrew Mehrtens scored three penalties and one drop goal for New Zealand

Nelson Mandela, wearing a Springbok rugby jersey and baseball cap, presented the Webb Ellis Cup to Francois Pienaar

Referee – Ed Morrison (England)

Winning captain – Francois Pienaar

Winning coach – Kitch Christie

Leading try scorers – Jonah Lomu and Marc Ellis (both New Zealand) 7

Leading points scorer – Thierry Lacroix (France) 112

'''1999: Wales, England, France, Scotland and Ireland'''

'''Qualifying competition'''

The tournament was expanded to 20 teams, divided into five pools of four teams. This meant a quarter-final playoff round involving the five runners-up and best third-placed team to decide who would join the pool winners in the last eight

Only four of the places were automatically allocated and did not have to play any qualification matches. These went to the champions, runners-up and the third-placed nations at the 1995 and the tournament host, Wales

England qualified by beating Netherlands 110-0 and Italy 23-15

Namibia qualified for the first time. They have played every subsequent World Cup

Spain qualified for the only time

'''Pool stage'''

First game – Wales 23 Argentina 18. Colin Charvis scored the first try

Wales beat Japan 64-15 but lost 38-31 to Samoa (Note – the whole of Samoa, not just Western Samoa)

England 16 New Zealand 30

England 67 Italy 7

England 101 Tonga 10. England scored 13 tries, 12 of which were converted by Paul Grayson

Ngalu Taufo'ou of Tonga was sent off after running ten metres to punch England flanker Richard Hill

New Zealand 101 Italy 3. New Zealand scored 16 tries, 11 of which were converted by Tony Brown

Argentina were the best third-place team

Spain is the only team not to score a try in the World Cup

Diego Ormaechea became the oldest try scorer in a World Cup game, aged 40, for Uruguay against Spain

'''Quarter-final playoffs'''

England 45 Fiji 24. Jonny Wilkinson kicked 23 points

Scotland 35 Samoa 20

Argentina 28 Ireland 24. David Humphries kicked all of Ireland’s points

'''Quarter-finals'''

South Africa 44 England 21

Jannie de Beer kicked 34 points, including a record five drop goals. Played at Stade de France

Wales 9 Australia 24

Scotland 18 New Zealand 30

Argentina 26 France 47

'''Semi-finals'''

Both semi-finals were played at Twickenham

Australia 27 South Africa 21 (after extra time)

Matt Burke kicked eight penalties

France 43 New Zealand 31

New Zealand led 24-10 at half time. Christophe Lamaison scored 28 points

'''Third place playoff'''

South Africa 22 Australia 18

'''Final: Australia win'''

Australia 35 France 12

Matt Burke kicked 25 points for Australia

Christophe Lamaison kicked 12 points for France

Played at Millennium Stadium, Cardiff

Winning captain – John Eales

Winning coach – Rod Macqueen

Leading try scorer – Jonah Lomu (New Zealand) 8

Leading points scorer – Gonzalo Quesada (Argentina) 102

'''2003: Australia'''

'''Qualifying competition'''

Of the 20 teams, eight of those places were automatically filled by the teams that reached the quarter-final stages in 1999

Ireland had to qualify

Georgia qualified for the first time

The teams were divided into four pools of five nations, with the top two in each pool moving on to the knock-out quarter-final stage

Bonus points were awarded for scoring 4 or more tries, or a loss by 7 points or fewer

'''Pool stage'''

First game: Australia 24 Argentina 8. First try scored by Wendell Sailor

Australia 90 Romania 8

Australia 142 Namibia 0

Australia scored a record 22 tries, with 16 converted by Mat Rogers. Chris Latham scored five tries. This remains the biggest winning margin in Rugby World Cup history

Ireland finished in second place in the group after beating Argentina 16-15

England 84 Georgia 6

England 25 South Africa 6. Will Greenwood scored the only try

England 35 Samoa 22

This match was marked by controversy, as England fielded 16 players at one point during the game

England 111 Uruguay 13

England scored 17 tries, with Josh Lewsey scoring five

Andy Miller's drop goal for Japan against Fiji, at 52 metres, remains the longest in Rugby World Cup history

New Zealand 91 Tonga 7

Wales qualified for the quarter-finals, despite losing their final match to New Zealand 53-37

'''Quarter-finals'''

England 28 Wales 17

Will Greenwood scored England’s only try. Jonny Wilkinson kicked 23 points

Australia 33 Scotland 16

France 43 Ireland 21

New Zealand 29 South Africa 9

'''Semi-finals'''

Both semi-finals were played at Telstra Stadium

England 24 France 7

Jonny Wilkinson kicked five penalties and three drop goals

Australia 22 New Zealand 10

The match was decided by a Stirling Mortlock interception try, after a loose pass from Carlos Spencer. George Gregan taunted his opponents in defeat with the comment, "Four more years boys, four more years". Referred by Chris White (England)

'''Third place playoff'''

New Zealand 40 France 13

'''Final: England win'''

England 20 Australia 17 (after extra time)

Played at Telstra Stadium, Sydney

Lote Tuquri scored a try, Elton Flatley kicked four penalties for Australia

Jason Robinson scored a try, Jonny Wilkinson kicked four penalties and a drop goal for England

Wilkinson kicked the winning drop goal with 26 seconds on the clock

Referee – Andre Watson (South Africa)

Winning captain – Martin Johnson

Winning coach – Clive Woodward

England team – Lewsey, Robinson, Tindall, Greenwood, Cohen, Wilkinson, Dawson, Dallaglio, Back, Hill, Kay, Johnson, Vickery, Thompson, Woodman

Will Greenwood, for superstitious reasons, preferred to play wearing the number 13 shirt, even when selected to play inside centre

This is the only World Cup where no players were sent off

Leading try scorers – Doug Howlett, Mils Muliaina (both New Zealand) 7

Leading points scorer – Jonny Wilkinson (England) 113

'''2007: France, Wales and Scotland'''

'''Qualifying competition'''

Portugal's qualification was the only change in the 20-team roster from the 2003 World Cup, replacing Uruguay. This was the only time that Portugal qualified

After France won the right to host the 2007 World Cup, it was subsequently announced that four matches would be held in Wales, at Cardiff's Millennium Stadium. Ireland was to have hosted matches at Lansdowne Road, Dublin, but opted out because the stadium was being redeveloped. Two of Scotland's Pool matches were played at Murrayfield Stadium

'''Pool stage'''

First game: France 12 Argentina 17. Only try scored by Corleto. France's first defeat in the first round of the World Cup

Argentina played two sets of brothers – Felipe and Manuel Contepomi, Ignacio Fernandez and Juan Fernandez Lobbe

France 87 Namibia 10

Ireland were eliminated after losing 25-3 to France and 30-15 to Argentina

Georgia gained their first ever victory in the World Cup, against Namibia

England 0 South Africa 36

This was the first scoreless match for England at the World Cup; it was also the first time a past World Champion had failed to score in a World Cup match. Pietersen scored two tries for South Africa

England beat Tonga, Samoa, and USA to qualify

Phil Vickery was banned for two matches for tripping USA centre Paul Emerick

Wilkinson reached 1000 points in all internationals, in the match against Samoa

Andy Farrell scored his first try for England, against Samoa

Australia 91 Japan 3

Wales 72 Japan 18

Canada 12 Japan 12. Only drawn match in the World Cup

Fiji 38 Wales 34. Deciding match on Pool B. Winning try scored by Graham Dewes and converted by Nicky Little. Gareth Thomas won his 100th cap. Gareth Jenkins sacked as head coach of Wales

Shane Williams scored six tries in the tournament

Portugal played their first ever match in the World Cup, losing 56-10 to Scotland

New Zealand 108 Portugal 13. Nick Evans kicked 14 conversions

New Zealand 85 Romania 8

Scotland 0 New Zealand 40. Doug Howlett's two tries in this match brought his total in internationals to 48, a New Zealand record

Scotland qualified by defeating Italy 18-16 in the deciding match. Chris Patterson kicked six penalties

Alessandro Troncon won his100th cap for Italy in the match against Portugal

'''Quarter-finals'''

England 12 Australia 10. Wilkinson kicked four penalties. Lote Tuqiri scored the only try of the match

Drew Mitchell scored seven tries in the tournament

France 20 New Zealand 18. Winning try scored by Yannick Jauzion. Played in Cardiff

Wayne Barnes's refereeing of the match was criticised at the time by New Zealand fans in particular regarding a pass that was arguably forward and which allowed France to score the winning try. In 2012 former coach Graham Henry questioned the competency or impartiality of all the officials involved in the match

New Zealand scored 327 points in the tournament

South Africa 37 Fiji 20

Argentina 19 Scotland 13

Chris Paterson has 17 successful kicks from 17 attempts in the World Cup

'''Semi-finals'''

England 14 France 9. Only try scored by Josh Lewsey, in his last game for England

South Africa 37 Argentina 13

'''Third place playoff''' (now known as the Bronze final)

Argentina 34 France 10

'''Final: South Africa win'''

South Africa 15 England 6

Percy Montgomery kicked four penalties and Francois Steyn kicked one penalty for South Africa

Jonny Wilkinson kicked two penalties

Mark Cueto was denied a try by video referee Stuart Dickinson (Australia)

This was the second World Cup title for retiring prop Os du Randt, who was the last player from the 1995 World Cup winning team still active

Played at Stade de France, Saint-Denis

Man of the match – Victor Matfield

Referee – Alain Rowland (Ireland)

Winning captain – John Smit

Winning coach – Jake White

Leading try scorer – Bryan Habana (8)

Leading points scorer – Percy Montgomery (105)

'''2011: New Zealand'''

'''Qualifying competition'''

Three nations bid to host the 2011 Rugby World Cup — New Zealand, Japan, and South Africa

Twelve teams qualified as a result of finishing in the top three in each pool in the 2007 tournament. Of the 20 countries that competed in the previous World Cup in 2007, there was only one change – Russia replaced Portugal

Romania beat Uruguay in a playoff for the final place

Russia qualified for the only time

'''Pool stage'''

No matches were played in Christchurch due to an earthquake in February 2011

First game: New Zealand 41Tonga 10

New Zealand 83 Japan 7

France 14 Tonga 19

Richie McCaw won his 100th cap for New Zealand in the match against France

Canada 23 Japan 23. Second draw in the World Cup between these teams

England 13 Argentina 9. Ben Youngs scored the only try

Mike Tindall “acted inappropriately” while drinking in a Queenstown bar, where a “dwarf-throwing contest” was the primary entertainment

Manu Tuilagi fined for wearing a sponsored mouthguard

England 67 Romania 3. Ashton and Cueto scored hat-tricks

England 16 Scotland 12. Chris Ashton scored the only try

Argentina finished as runners- up in Pool B after beating Scotland 13-12

Ireland finished top of Pool C after beating Australia 15-6

South Africa finished top of Pool D after beating Wales 17-16. Toby Faletau scored the only try for Wales

South Africa 87 Namibia 0

Bryan Habana set a new South Africa try-scoring record

Wales 81 Namibia 7. Shane Williams scored a hat-trick

Stephen Jones won his 101st cap for Wales, against Namibia, overtaking the record of Gareth Thomas

George North became the youngest try scorer in a World Cup game, aged 19, against Namibia

Samoan coach fined 100 pigs for poor performance at World Cup

'''Quarter-finals'''

England 12 France 19. Foden and Cueto scored tries for England

Manu Tuilagi was detained by New Zealand police and subsequently fined £3000 by the England team for jumping into Auckland harbour from a ferry

Wales 22 Ireland 10

Australia 11 South Africa 9

New Zealand 33 Argentina 10. Piri Weepu kicked 7 penalties

Mils Muliaina won his 100th cap for New Zealand

'''Semi-finals'''

France 9 Wales 8. Morgan Parra kicked three penalties for France. Mike Phillips scored the only try of the match

Sam Warburton was sent off after 18 minutes by the Irish referee Alain Rolland for a dangerous tackle on Vincent Clerc

New Zealand 20 Australia 6

'''Bronze final'''

Australia 21 Wales 18.

Refereed by Wayne Barnes. Gethin Jenkins captained Wales

'''Final: New Zealand win'''

New Zealand 8 France 7

Woodcock scored a try and Donald kicked a penalty for New Zealand

Dusautoir scored a try, converted by Trinh-Duc for France

Man of the match – Thierry Dusautoir

Referee – Craig Joubert (South Africa)

Played at Eden Park, Auckland

Winning captain – Richie McCaw

Winning coach – Graham Henry

Leading try scorers – Chrtis Ashton( England), Vincent Clerc (France) 6

Leading points scorer – Morne Steyn (South Africa) 62

'''2015: England'''

'''Qualifying competition'''

England, Japan, South Africa and Italy bid for the World Cup

In 2011 the IRB approved the use of the Millennium Stadium, despite being outside of the host country, due to its capacity and strategic location. Of the thirteen venues, only two are dedicated rugby union grounds (Kingsholm Stadium and Sandy Park)

Of the 20 countries competing in the World Cup in 2011, there was only one change – Uruguay replacing Russia. This was the first World Cup since 1987 with no new teams

Uruguay beat Russia in a repechage final to qualify

Seven teams were coached by New Zealanders

'''Pool stage'''

The draw was conducted in December 2012 in London, and used the World Rankings as of that day – which explains why England, Australia and Wales were all in Pool A

Wales lost centre Jonathan Davies, full-back Leigh Halfpenny and scrum-half Rhys Webb to long-term injuries before the tournament began

First game: England 35 Fiji 11

England 25 Wales 28

Winning try scored by Gareth Davies. Dan Biggar kicked 23 points

Jonny May scored England’s only try. Owen Farrell kicked 20 points

England 13 Australia 33. Bernard Foley scored 28 points. Anthony Watson scored England’s only try

England 60 Uruguay 3. Nick Easter and Jack Nowell scored hat-tricks

England became the first host nation to be eliminated at the World Cup in the group stages

Agustin Ormaechea of Uruguay was sent off against Fiji. This was the only red card in the tournament. Son of Diego Ormaechea

Australia 15 Wales 6

Japan 34 South Africa 32. Match played at Brighton Community Centre. Winning try scored by Karne Hesketh. Ayumu Goromaru scored 24 points

South Africa recovered from this shock defeat to top Pool B, beating Scotland 34-16 at St James’ Park

Bryan Habana equalled Jonah Lomu’s record of 15 tries in the World Cup by scoring a hat-trick against USA

George, Tusi and Ken Pisi become the first three brothers to play together at the Rugby World Cup, for Samoa

Scotland 36 Samoa 33. Grieg Laidlaw scored 26 points

Sean Lamont won his 100th cap for Scotland

Japan became the first team to win three pool games and still fail to advance to the knockout stage

Namibia 16 Georgia 17

The losing bonus point for Namibia was the country's first-ever competition point in a Rugby World Cup

Ma'a Nonu became the sixth All Blacks player to earn his 100th test cap, in the match against Tonga

Ireland beat Romania in front of a tournament record attendance of 89,267 at Wembley

Ireland topped Pool D after beating France 24-9 at the Millennium Stadium

Paul O’Connell retired after suffering a hamstring injury against France

'''Quarter-finals'''

South Africa 23 Wales 19

Fourie du Preez scored the winning try. Gareth Davies scored the only try for Wales

New Zealand 62 France 13

Julian Savea scored a hat-trick, and equaled Jonah Lomu and Bryan Habana's single-tournament record of eight tries

This was the largest winning margin in a Rugby World Cup knockout stage match

Argentina 43 Ireland 20

Nicolas Sanchez kicked 23 points

Australia 35 Scotland 34

Drew Mitchell scored two tries for Australia

Bernard Foley kicked the winning penalty which was incorrectly awarded by referee Craig Joubert, who ran straight off the field at the end of the match

Matt Giteau and Stephen Moore both won their100th test caps

'''Semi-finals'''

This was the first Rugby World Cup where no Northern Hemisphere team reached the semi-finals. Both matches were played at Twickenham

New Zealand 20 South Africa 18

Handre Pollard kicked five penalties for South Africa

Australia 29 Argentina 15

Adam Ashley-Cooper scored a hat-trick

'''Bronze final'''

South Africa 24 Argentina 13. Played at the Olympic Stadium

'''Final: New Zealand win'''

New Zealand 34 Australia 17

Dan Carter kicked 19 points

The aggregate 51 points scored was the most ever in a World Cup final

Ben Smith (New Zealand) became the first player to receive a yellow card in a World Cup final

Played at Twickenham

Man of the match – Dan Carter

Referee – Nigel Owens

Winning captain – Richie McCaw

Winning coach – Steve Hansen

Sonny Bill Williams gives his Rugby World Cup winner medal to a young boy who was "smoked" in a tackle from a security guard after running on the field

Leading try scorer – Julian Savea (New Zealand) 8

Leading points scorer – Nicolas Sanchez (Argentina) 97

'''2019: Japan'''

In July 2009, the International Rugby Board confirmed that England would host the 2015 Rugby World Cup, and Japan would host the 2019 event

'''Trivia'''

France have been beaten finalists on three occasions

Ireland have reached the quarter-final six times

Fiji, Samoa and Canada have reached the quarter-finals

Japan and Canada have drawn twice at the World Cup. The only other drawn match was between France and Scotland

Most points overall – Jonny Wilkinson (227)

Wilkinson holds the records for most penalties and drop goals, but Dan Carter holds the record for most conversions

Wilkinson is the only player to have scored points in two finals

Most points in a tournament – Grant Fox (126) in 1987

Most appearances – Jason Leonard and Richie McCaw (22)

Gareth Rees (Canada) was the only player to play at the first four Rugby World Cups

Andre Watson is only referee to have officiated in two finals (1999 and 2003)

Sport and Leisure/Major League Baseball

2021-04-18T22:18:33Z

Admin: Created page with "'''Teams''' '''American League East''' '''Baltimore Orioles''' Stadium – Oriole Park at Camden Yards World Series wins – 3 (1966, 1970, 1983) In 1954 the St. Louis Br..."

'''Teams'''

'''American League East'''

'''Baltimore Orioles'''

Stadium – Oriole Park at Camden Yards

World Series wins – 3 (1966, 1970, 1983)

In 1954 the St. Louis Browns moved to Baltimore and adopted the Orioles name in honour of the official state bird of Maryland

Cal Ripken is best known for holding the record for consecutive games played, 2,632, surpassing Lou Gehrig's streak of 2,130 that had stood for 56 years

Eddie Gaedel was a dwarf who played for St. Louis Browns in 1951

'''Boston Red Sox'''

Stadium – Fenway Park

World Series wins – 8 (1902, 1912, 1915, 1916, 1918, 2004, 2007, 2013)

Founded in 1901 as one of the American League's eight charter franchises, Boston Americans changed their name to Boston Red Sox in 1908

Boston Americans defeated the Pittsburgh Pirates in the first World Series in 1903 and won four more championships by 1918. However, they then went into one of the longest championship droughts in baseball history, called by some the "Curse of the Bambino" after its alleged beginning with the Red Sox' sale by owner Harry Frazee of Babe Ruth to the rival New York Yankees two years after their world championship in 1918, an 86-year wait before the team's sixth World Championship in 2004

The Red Sox' home ballpark has been Fenway Park since 1912. The Green Monster is a popular nickname for the 11m high left field wall at Fenway Park

'''New York Yankees'''

Stadium – Yankee Stadium

World Series wins – 27 (1923, 1927, 1928, 1932, 1936, 1937, 1938, 1939, 1941, 1943, 1947, 1949, 1950, 1951, 1952, 1953, 1956, 1958, 1961, 1962, 1977, 1978, 1996, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2009)

The club began play in 1901 as the Baltimore Orioles (not to be confused with the modern Baltimore Orioles). The franchise (which had ceased operations) was moved to New York City, and renamed as the New York Highlanders. The Highlanders were officially renamed as the Yankees in 1913

Since their first championship in 1923, the New York Yankees have won two or more World Series titles in every decade except the 1980s, when they won none

"Murderers’ Row" was the nickname given to the New York Yankees team of the late 1920s, widely considered one of the best teams in history

Lawrence Peter ‘Yogi’ Berra played for the New York Yankees from 1946 to 1963 and won 3 MVP titles. He finished his career with the New York Mets. Yogi Berra is well known for his pithy comments and witticisms, known as Yogiisms

Derek Jeter is the Yankees' all-time career leader in hits, games played, stolen bases, and at bats

Alex Rodriguez, nicknamed "A-Rod”, previously played for the Seattle Mariners and the Texas Rangers. Rodriguez has amassed a .297 batting average, 687 home runs, over 2000 runs batted in, and over 3,000 hits. He has won ten Silver Slugger Awards and two Gold Glove Awards

Yankee Stadium is located in The Bronx. It opened in 2009, replacing the original Yankee Stadium

'''Tampa Bay Rays'''

Stadium – Tropicana Field (St. Petersburg)

World Series wins – 0

Tampa Bay Devil Rays began play in the 1998 Major League Baseball season. Following the 2007 season, the name was changed to Tampa Bay Rays. The 2008 season saw the Tampa Bay Rays post their first winning season, their first AL East championship, though they lost to the Philadelphia Phillies in that year's World Series

The Rays also have an intrastate rivalry with the National League's Miami Marlins, whom they play in the Citrus Series

'''Toronto Blue Jays'''

Stadium – Rogers Center

World Series wins – 2 (1992, 1993)

An expansion franchise, the club was founded in Toronto in 1977. They are the second MLB franchise to be based outside the United States, and currently the only team based outside the US after the first Canadian franchise, the Montreal Expos, relocated to Washington, D.C

World Series champions in 1992 and 1993

In 2011, Roberto Alomar became the first Hall of Fame member to be inducted as a Toronto Blue Jays player

The Blue Jays name originates from the bird of the same name

'''American League Central'''

'''Chicago White Sox'''

Stadium – U.S. Cellular Field

World Series wins – 3 (1906, 1917, 2005)

Established in 1900. Played at Comiskey Park from 1910 to 1990

The White Sox won the 1906 World Series with a defense-oriented team dubbed "the Hitless Wonders"

The Black Sox Scandal refers to a number of events that took place around and during the play of the 1919 World Series. The name Black Sox also refers to the Chicago White Sox team from that year. Eight members of the Chicago franchise, including "Shoeless Joe” Jackson, were banned from baseball for throwing games

'''Cleveland Indians'''

Stadium – Progressive Field

World Series wins – 2 (1920, 1948)

Since their establishment as a Major League franchise in 1901, the Indians have won two World Series championships, in 1920 and 1948

Chief Wahoo is a logo of the Cleveland Indians. The logo is a controversial cartoon caricature of a Native American face

'''Detroit Tigers'''

Stadium – Comerica Park

World Series wins – 4 (1935, 1945, 1968, 1984)

Founded in 1894, Detroit Tigers are the oldest continuous one-name, one-city franchise in the American League

Their last World Series win came in 1984

'''Kansas City Royals'''

Stadium – Kauffman Stadium

World Series wins – 2 (1985, 2015)

The Royals have participated in four World Series, winning in 1985 and 2015, and losing in 1980 and 2014

The name Royals originates from the American Royal, a livestock show, horse show, rodeo, and championship barbeque competition held annually in Kansas City since 1899

Kauffman Stadium is currently the only ballpark in the American League to be named after a person, Ewing Kauffman

'''Minnesota Twins'''

Stadium – Target Field

World Series wins – 3 (1924, 1987, 1991)

The team was founded in Washington, D.C. in 1901 as one of the eight original teams of the American League, named the Washington Senators or Washington Nationals. They moved to Minnesota after the 1960 season

The team is named after the Twin Cities area comprising Minneapolis and St. Paul. They played in Metropolitan Stadium from 1961 to 1981 and the Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome from 1982 to 2009. They played their inaugural game at the newly completed Target Field in 2010

'''American League West'''

'''Houston Astros'''

Stadium – Minute Maid Park

World Series wins – 0

The Astros were established as the Houston Colt .45s and entered the National League in 1962. The current name was adopted three years later, when they moved into the Astrodome, the world's first domed sports stadium

Following the move of the Houston Astros to the American League in 2013, both leagues now consist of 15 teams

The Astros have played in one World Series (while a member of the National League) in 2005 against the Chicago White Sox

'''Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim'''

Stadium – Angel Stadium of Anaheim

World Series wins – 1 (2002)

The current Major League franchise was established as an expansion team in 1961 by Gene Autry, the team's first owner, who bought the rights to the Angels name from Walter O'Malley, the former Los Angeles Dodgers owner

Known as Los Angeles Angels from 1961 to 1965, California Angels from 1966 to 1996, and Anaheim Angels from 1977 to 2004

Angels won the 2002 World Series (as Anaheim Angels) against the San Francisco Giants

No. 26 was retired for Gene Autry to indicate he was the team's "26th Man"

'''Oakland Athletics'''

Stadium – O.co Coliseum

World Series wins – 9 (1910, 1911, 1913, 1929, 1930, 1972, 1973, 1974, 1989)

The club was founded in Philadelphia in 1901 as the Philadelphia Athletics. They won three World Series championships from 1910 to 1913 and two in a row in 1929 and 1930. The team's owner and manager for its first 50 years was Connie Mack. The team left Philadelphia for Kansas City in 1955 and became the Kansas City Athletics before moving to Oakland in 1968. They won three World Championships in a row from 1972 to 1974

O.co Coliseum, commonly known as Oakland Coliseum, is home to both the Oakland Athletics and the Oakland Raiders of the NFL. It opened in 1966 and is the only remaining stadium in the United States that is shared by professional football and baseball teams. Named after online retailer Overstock.com

The team won 20 straight games in 2002, but lost in postseason to Minnesota Twins

''Moneyball'' is a 2011 film about the Oakland Athletics 2002 season and the attempts of their general manager Billy Beane (played by Brad Pitt) to assemble a competitive team

Reggie Jackson was nicknamed "Mr. October" for his clutch hitting in the postseason with the Athletics and the Yankees. He helped Oakland win three consecutive American League pennants and two consecutive World Series titles

'''Seattle Mariners'''

Stadium – Safeco Park

World Series wins – 0

The "Mariners" name originates from the prominence of marine culture in the city of Seattle. They are nicknamed "the M's"

The Mariners are one of two (along with the Washington Nationals) MLB teams to never have played in a World Series. They are owned by Nintendo of America

'''Texas Rangers'''

Stadium – Globe Life Park in Arlington

World Series wins – 0

The franchise was established in 1961 as the Washington Senators, an expansion team awarded to Washington, D.C. After the 1971 season, the new Senators moved to Arlington and debuted as the Rangers the following season

George W Bush owned Texas Rangers from 1989 to 1998

The club lost in both the 2010 and 2011 World Series championships

'''National League East'''

'''Atlanta Braves'''

Stadium – Turner Field

World Series wins – 3 (1914, 1947, 1995)

The club is one of the National League's two remaining charter franchises (the other being the Chicago Cubs) and was founded in Boston in 1871 as the Boston Red Stockings. After various name changes, the team eventually began operating as the Boston Braves, which lasted for most of the first half of the 20th century. Then, in 1953, the team moved to Milwaukee and became the Milwaukee Braves, followed by the final move to Atlanta in 1966

Turner Field was originally built as Centennial Olympic Stadium in 1996. Named after Ted Turner, the founder of CNN. Address is 755 Hank Aaron Drive

'''Miami Marlins'''

Stadium – Marlins Park

World Series wins – 2 (1997, 2003)

The team began play in the 1993 season as the Florida Marlins. They played home games from their inaugural season to the 2011 season at Sun Life Stadium, which they shared with the Miami Dolphins of the NFL. Since the 2012 season, they have played at Marlins Park in downtown Miami

The Marlins have the distinction of winning a World Series championship in both seasons they qualified for the postseason, doing so in 1997 and 2003 – both times as the National League wild card team

'''New York Mets'''

Stadium – Citi Field

World Series wins – 2 (1969, 1986)

The Mets were founded in 1962 to replace New York's departed National League teams; the Brooklyn Dodgers and the New York Giants

The "Miracle Mets" beat the Baltimore Orioles in the 1969 World Series in what is considered one of the biggest upsets in World Series history. Their second World Series win came in 1986 over the Boston Red Sox

Citi Field is located in Flushing Meadows–Corona Park in the borough of Queens. Citi Field was built as a replacement for the formerly adjacent Shea Stadium, which opened in 1964. It is named after Citigroup

'''Philadelphia Phillies'''

Stadium – Citizens Bank Park

World Series wins – 2 (1980, 2008)

Established in 1883. The Phillies have won two World Series championships, against the Kansas City Royals in 1980 and the Tampa Bay Rays in 2008

In 2004, the Phillies moved from the Veterans Stadium to their new home, Citizens Bank Park

'''Washington Nationals'''

Stadium – Nationals Park

World Series wins – 0

The Nationals' name derives from the former Washington baseball team that had the same name (used interchangeably with Senators)

An expansion franchise, the club was founded in 1969 as the Montreal Expos, the first major league team in Canada. After being purchased by MLB in 2002, the team was moved before the 2005 season to Washington, D.C. and renamed the Nationals

'''National League Central'''

'''Chicago Cubs'''

Stadium – Wrigley Field

World Series wins – 2 (1907, 1908)

The team played its first games in 1876 as a founding member of the National League, eventually becoming known officially as the Chicago Cubs for the 1903 season

The Cubs won back-to-back World Series championships in 1907 and 1908

The Curse of the Billy Goat is an urban legend concerning various regular-season and postseason woes of the Chicago Cubs. It supposedly explains the Cubs not winning the World Series since 1908 and not even reaching the final series since 1945

The Cubs have played at Wrigley Field since 1916

'''Cincinnati Reds'''

Stadium – Great American Ball Park

World Series wins – 5 (1919, 1940, 1975, 1976, 1990)

The "Big Red Machine" is the nickname given to the Cincinnati Reds team which dominated the National League from 1970 to 1976. The team is widely recognized as being among the best teams in baseball history. The team won five Division titles, four National League pennants, and two World Series titles

The team plays its home games at Great American Ball Park, which opened in 2003 replacing Riverfront Stadium

Pete Rose, a switch hitter, is the all-time Major League leader in hits, games played, at-bats and outs. Nicknamed "Charlie Hustle"

'''Milwaukee Brewers'''

Stadium – Miller Park

World Series wins – 0

The team was founded in 1969 as the Seattle Pilots, an expansion team of the American League. After only one season, the team relocated to Milwaukee, becoming known as the Brewers

The team's only World Series appearance came in 1982, when they lost to the St. Louis Cardinals

Since 2001, the Brewers have played their home games at Miller Park

'''Pittsburgh Pirates'''

Stadium – PNC Park

World Series wins – 5 (1909, 1925, 1960, 1971, 1979)

Established in 1887 as the Pittsburgh Alleghenys. Played in the very first World Series in 1903 and won their first World Series in 1909. The Pirates last win in the World Series was in 1979

Bill Mazeroski is best known for winning the 1960 World Series for Pittsburgh Pirates with a game-ending home run. The only other time that a World Series ended with a home run was Toronto's Joe Carter in 1993. Mazeroski's however, remains the only home run to win a World Series Game 7

'''St. Louis Cardinals'''

Stadium – Busch Stadium

World Series wins – 11 (1926, 1931, 1934, 1942, 1944, 1946, 1964, 1967, 1982, 2006, 2011)

Entrepreneur Chris von der Ahe purchased a club in 1881 then known as the Brown Stockings and established them as charter members of the American Association (AA) the following season. Upon the discontinuation of the AA, St. Louis joined the NL in 1892; at that time, they were called the Browns and the Perfectos before they were officially renamed as the Cardinals in 1900

One of the most successful franchises in baseball history, the Cardinals have won 11 World Series championships (second only to the New York Yankees' 27)

The Gashouse Gang was a nickname applied to the St. Louis Cardinals team of 1934. The team won 95 games, the National League pennant, and the 1934 World Series

Stan Musial spent 22 seasons playing for the St. Louis Cardinals, between 1941 and 1963. Musial is widely considered to be one of the greatest and most consistent hitters in baseball history

In 1998, Mark McGwire set the major league single-season home run record with 70

The name ‘cardinals’ comes from the red trim on the team jersey

'''National League West'''

'''Arizona Diamondbacks'''

Stadium – Chase Field (Phoenix)

World Series wins – 1 (2001)

Since the team's inception in 1998, the franchise has played home games at Chase Field, formerly known as Bank One Ballpark. The Diamondbacks have won one World Series championship (in 2001), becoming the fastest expansion team in the Major Leagues to win a championship

The team takes their name from a species of rattlesnake

'''Colorado Rockies'''

Stadium – Coors Field (Denver)

World Series wins – 0

Established in 1993. Played the first two seasons at the Mile High Stadium

They reached the 2007 World Series, but were swept by Boston Red Sox in four games

Coors Field is named for the Coors Brewing Company of Golden, Colorado

'''Los Angeles Dodgers'''

Stadium – Dodger Stadium

World Series wins – 6 (1955, 1959, 1963, 1965, 1981, 1988)

Established in 1883 in Brooklyn, New York, the team moved to Los Angeles before the 1958 season. They played for four seasons at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum before moving to their current home of Dodger Stadium, which is the largest MLB stadium by seat capacity

The term "Trolley Dodgers" was attached to the Brooklyn ballclub due to the complex maze of trolley cars that weaved its way through the borough of Brooklyn

The Dodgers have won six World Series titles and 21 National League pennants. Eight Cy Young Award winners have pitched for the Dodgers

The team’s last win in the World Series was in 1998, against Oakland Athletics

The Dodgers drew at least 3 million fans for 15 consecutive seasons from 1996 to 2010

Sandy Koufax was a pitcher for Brooklyn / LA Dodgers. He was born in Brooklyn to a Jewish family. First man to win Cy Young Award three times

Pee Wee Reese contributed to seven National League championships for the Dodgers. Reese is also famous for his support of his teammate Jackie Robinson

'''San Diego Padres'''

Stadium – Petco Park

World Series wins – 0

Founded in 1969, the Padres have won the NL pennant twice: in 1984 and 1998, losing in the World Series both times

The team's name, Spanish for "fathers", refers to the Spanish Franciscan friars who founded San Diego in 1769

The Padres moved from Qualcomm Stadium to Petco Park in 2004. Petco Park is named after a pet supplies retailer

'''San Francisco Giants'''

Stadium – AT&T Park

World Series wins – 8 (1905, 1921, 1922, 1933, 1954, 2010, 2012, 2014)

Founded as the New York Gothams in 1883. Changed their name to New York Giants in 1886. Moved to California after the 1957 season

Playing as the New York Giants, they won five World Series championships

The Giants played at Candlestick Park from 1960 to 1999

The address of AT&T Park is 24 Willie Mays Plaza

Bobby Thomson’s season-ending three-run walk-off home run for the New York Giants against the Brooklyn Dodgers in 1951, known as the "Shot Heard Round the World" is one of the most famous moments in baseball history. Thomson was born in Glasgow

The Giants faced the Oakland Athletics in the "Bay Bridge Series", best remembered by the 17 October 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake which struck just before the scheduled Game 3 at Candlestick Park

Barry Bonds holds many MLB hitting records, including most career home runs (762), most home runs in a single season (73, set in 2001) and most career walks. Bonds led a controversial career, notably as a central figure in baseball's steroids scandal. He has not been elected into the National Baseball Hall of Fame

'''MLB statistics (at end of 2015 season)'''

Most home runs:
{| class="wikitable"
|Barry Bonds
|762
|-
|Hank Aaron
|755
|-
|Babe Ruth
|714
|-
|Alex Rodriguez
|687
|-
|Willie Mays
|660
|}
Most strikeouts:
{| class="wikitable"
|Nolan Ryan
|5714
|-
|Randy Johnson
|4875
|-
|Roger Clemens
|4672
|}
Most World Series wins:
{| class="wikitable"
|New York Yankees
|27
|-
|St Louis Cardinals
|11
|-
|Oakland Athletics
|9
|}
'''Seattle Mariners''' and '''Washington Nationals''' are the only teams to have '''never played in the World Series'''

'''Awards'''

'''Most Valuable Player'''

The Most Valuable Player Award (commonly known as the MVP award) is an annual award given to one outstanding player in each league of Major League Baseball. Since 1931, it has been awarded by the Baseball Writers Association of America

Barry Bonds has won the most often (seven times) and the most consecutively (2001–04)

'''World Series MVP'''

The World Series MVP Award is given to the player who most contributes to his team's success in the World Series. The award was first presented in 1955 as the ''SPORT'' Magazine Award, but is now decided during the final game of the Series by a committee of reporters and officials present at the game

Don Larsen won the MVP award in 1956. He is the only pitcher to pitch a perfect game in World Series history, for the New York Yankees

Bobby Richardson of the 1960 New York Yankees is the only player in World Series history to be named MVP despite being on the losing team

Three players have won the award twice: Sandy Koufax, Bob Gibson, and Reggie Jackson

'''Cy Young'''

The Cy Young Award is given annually to the best pitchers in Major League Baseball. The award was first introduced in 1956 by in honour of Hall of Fame pitcher Cy Young, who died in 1955. The award was originally given to the single best pitcher in the major leagues, but in 1967 the award was given to one pitcher in each league

During his 22-season baseball career (1890–1911), Cy Young pitched for five different teams. Young established numerous pitching records, some of which have stood for a century. He compiled 511 wins

Roger Clemens won seven Cy Young Awards, more than any other pitcher. He played for four different teams over his 23-year playing career. Nicknamed "The Rocket"

David "Randy" Johnson, nicknamed "The Big Unit", pitched for six different teams. Johnson won the Cy Young Award five times, including four consecutive years with the Arizona Diamondbacks

Greg Maddux also won the Cy Young Award in four consecutive years

'''Gold Glove'''

The Rawlings Gold Glove Award, usually referred to simply as the Gold Glove, is the award annually given to the major league player judged to be the most superior individual fielding performance at each position (in each league), as voted by the managers and coaches in each league. Managers are not allowed to vote for their own players. Eighteen Gold Gloves are awarded each year, one at each of nine positions to a player in both the National League and American League. First awarded in 1957

The most Gold Gloves ever won by one player is 18 by pitcher Greg Maddux. He won 13 consecutive awards from 1990 to 2002 with the Chicago Cubs and the Atlanta Braves

'''Hank Aaron'''

The Hank Aaron Award is given annually to the Major League Baseball players selected as the top hitter in each league, as voted on by baseball fans and members of the media. It was introduced in 1999 to commemorate the 25th anniversary of Hank Aaron's surpassing of Babe Ruth's career home run mark of 714 home runs

Alex Rodriguez has won the award four times, the most of any player

'''Silver Slugger'''

The Silver Slugger Award is awarded annually to the best offensive player at each position in both the American League and the National League, as determined by Major League Baseball's coaches and managers

Barry Bonds won twelve Silver Slugger Awards in his career as an outfielder, the most of any player

'''Ten leading players'''

'''Hank Aaron'''

Hank Aaron played 21 seasons for the Milwaukee/Atlanta Braves and two seasons for the Milwaukee Brewers, from 1954 through 1976. Aaron held the MLB record for career home runs for 33 years, and he still holds several MLB offensive records. Aaron is in second place in home runs (755). He hit 24 or more home runs every year from 1955 through 1973, and is one of only two players to hit 30 or more home runs in a season at least fifteen times. He was a Gold Glove winner for three seasons. In 1957, he was the NL Most Valuable Player when the Milwaukee Braves won the World Series. Nicknamed "Hammer"

'''Ty Cobb'''

Ty Cobb spent 22 seasons with the Detroit Tigers, the last six as the team's player-manager, and finished his career with the Philadelphia Athletics. In 1936 Cobb received the most votes of any player on the inaugural Baseball Hall of Fame ballot. Cobb is widely credited with setting 90 Major League Baseball records during his career, and still holds several records. Cobb was notorious for sliding into bases feet first, with his spikes high. Nicknamed "The Georgia Peach"

'''Joe DiMaggio'''

Joe DiMaggio played his entire MLB career (1936–51) for the New York Yankees, winning three MVP awards. He is best known for his 56-game hitting streak in1941, a record that still stands. DiMaggio married Marilyn Monroe in 1954. When he died in 1999, his last words were "I'll finally get to see Marilyn". Nicknamed "Joltin' Joe" and "The Yankee Clipper"

'''Lou Gehrig'''

Lou Gehrig played for the New York Yankees from 1923 to 1939. He was a member of six World Series champion teams. In 1932, Gehrig became the first player of the 20th century to hit four home runs in a game. Lou Gehrig held the record for most career grand slams (23) until Alex Rodriguez broke it in 2013. In 1939 he was diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a disorder now commonly referred to as Lou Gehrig's disease. Nicknamed "The Iron Horse"

'''Ken Griffey Jr.'''

Ken Griffey Jr. played from 1989 to 2010. He spent most of his career with the Seattle Mariners and Cincinnati Reds, along with a short stint with the Chicago White Sox. Griffey was one of the most prolific home run hitters in baseball history; his 630 home runs rank as the sixth-most in MLB history. Griffey was also an exceptional defender and won 10 Gold Glove Awards in center field. Nicknamed "Junior" and "The Kid"

'''Mickey Mantle'''

Micky Mantle played his entire 18-year major-league professional career (1951–68) for the New York Yankees, winning three American League MVP titles. Mantle played on 12 pennant winners and 7 World Championship clubs. He still holds the record for most World Series home runs (18). Mantle won the Triple Crown in 1956, leading the major leagues in batting average, home runs, and runs batted in. He is regarded by many as the greatest switch hitter in baseball history. Nicknamed "The Commerce Comet" or "The Mick"

'''Willie Mays'''

Willie Mays spent almost his entire 22 season career playing for the New York and San Francisco Giants, before finishing with the New York Mets. He shares the record of most All-Star Games played (24) with Hank Aaron and Stan Musial. Mays ended his career with 660 home runs, third at the time of his retirement, and currently fifth all-time. He also won 12 Gold Glove awards. In Game 1 of the 1954 World Series against the Cleveland Indians, Willie Mays made "The Catch", a dramatic over-the-shoulder catch of a fly ball. Nicknamed "The Say Hey Kid"

'''Albert Pujols'''

Albert Pujols was born in the Dominican Republic and moved to the United States in 1996. He played for the St. Louis Cardinals from 2001 to 2011 before moving to the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim. He is a six-time Silver Slugger who has twice led the NL in home runs. Pujols is the only player in major league history to bat at least .300 with 30 or more home runs and 100 or more runs batted in his first 10 seasons

'''Jackie Robinson'''

Jackie Robinson became the first African-American Major League Baseball player of the modern era, in 1947. The Baseball Hall of Fame inducted Robinson in 1962 and he was a member of six World Series teams. Played for the Brooklyn Dodgers from 1947 to 1956. In 1997, MLB "universally" retired his uniform number, 42, across all major league teams; he was the first pro athlete in any sport to be so honoured. MLB also adopted a new annual tradition, "Jackie Robinson Day", for the first time in 2004, on which every player on every team wears No. 42

'''Babe Ruth'''

George Herman "Babe" Ruth played for Boston Red Sox from 1914 to 1919 and for New York Yankees from 1920 to 1934. He finished his career with Boston Braves in 1935. Ruth established many MLB batting (and some pitching) records, including career home runs (714). Ruth won four World Series championships with the Yankees. Babe Ruth's number 3 was retired by the New York Yankees in 1948. Nicknamed "The Bambino" and "The Sultan of Swat"

Sport and Leisure/Chess

2021-04-18T22:18:08Z

Admin: Created page with "History Lewis Chessmen (or Uig Chessmen, named after their find-site) are a group of 78 chess pieces from the 12th century most of which are carved in walrus ivory, discovere..."

History

Lewis Chessmen (or Uig Chessmen, named after their find-site) are a group of 78 chess pieces from the 12th century most of which are carved in walrus ivory, discovered in 1831 on the Isle of Lewis. Displayed in British Museum

Philidor's book ''Analyse du jeu des Echecs'', written in 1749, was considered a standard chess manual for at least a century

The Turk was a hoax that purported to be a chess-playing machine. Constructed and unveiled in 1770 by the Austrian-Hungarian baron Wolfgang von Kempelen, the mechanism appeared to be able to play a strong game of chess against a human opponent

Staunton chess set – Nathaniel Cook is credited with the design, and they are named after Howard Staunton. This style of set was first made available by Jaques of London in 1849

The Immortal Game was a chess game played by Adolf Anderssen and Lionel Kieseritzky in 1851 in London. The very bold sacrifices made by Anderssen to finally secure victory have made it one of the most famous chess games of all time

First World Championship chess match won by William Steinitz, in 1886

Capablanca was the first player to be recognized by FIDE as world champion, in 1925

The Women's World Championship was established by FIDE in 1927 as a single tournament held alongside the Chess Olympiad

In 1968, International Master David Levy made a famous bet that no chess computer would be able to beat him within ten years. He won his bet in 1978 by beating Chess 4.7 (the strongest computer at the time), but acknowledged then that it would not be long before he would be surpassed. In 1989, Levy was crushed by the computer Deep Thought in an exhibition match

From 1948 to 1993, the championship was administered by FIDE, the world chess federation. In 1993, the reigning champion (Garry Kasparov) broke away from FIDE, leading to the creation of two rival championships. This situation remained until 2006, when the title was unified at the World Chess Championship 2006

The Elo rating system is a method for calculating the relative skill levels of players in two-player games such as chess and Go. It is named after the system’s creator, Arpad Elo, a Hungarian-born physics professor. Elo's system was adopted by the World Chess Federation in 1970

World Computer Chess Championship (WCCC) was first held in Sweden in 1974, and was won by Kaissa. Junior won in 2013 for the sixth time

From 1985 the World Team Chess Championship was held every four years, since 2011 every two years. Since 2007 there is a separate championship for women teams, which is also held every two years

Deep Blue was a chess-playing computer developed by IBM. In 1997, the machine defeated world champion Garry Kasparov

In 2006 Deep Fritz beat Vladimir Kramnik

Kirsan Ilyumzhinov, the former President of Kalmykia, is head of FIDE

Terms

++ double check

!! outstanding move

?? blunder

?! dubious move

!? interesting move

0-0 castling kingside

0-0-0 castling queenside

Armageddon – a game which White must win to win the match, but which Black only needs to draw to win the match. White has more time than Black

Elephant – forerunner of the bishop

En Prise – chess piece that can be taken

Fianchetto – a pattern of development wherein a bishop is developed to the second rank of the adjacent knight file, the knight pawn having been moved one or two squares forward

Fool’s mate – 1. f3 e5 2. g4 Qh4

J’adoube (I adjust) – to adjust the position of a chess piece on its square without being required to move it

Scholar’s mate – a four-move checkmate

Sicilian Defence – 1. e4 c5

Zugzwang – when a player is put at a disadvantage by having to make a move; where any legal move weakens the position

Male players

'''Louis-Charles Mahé de La Bourdonnais''' (1795–1840) was a French chess master, possibly the strongest player in the early 19th century. La Bourdonnais was considered to be the unofficial World Chess Champion from 1821 until his death in 1840. The most famous match series, indeed considered as the world championship, was the series against Alexander McDonnell in 1834

'''Howard Staunton''' (1810–1874) was an English chess master who is generally regarded as having been the world's strongest player from 1843 to 1851, largely as a result of his 1843 victory over Saint-Amant. He promoted a chess set of clearly distinguishable pieces of standardized shape (Staunton pattern) that is still the style required for competitions. He was the principal organizer of the first international chess tournament in 1851

'''Adolf Anderssen''' (1818–1879) was a German chess master. He is considered to have been the world's leading chess player in the 1850s and 1860s. He was ‘dethroned’ temporarily in 1858 by Paul Morphy

'''Paul Morphy''' (1837–1884) was an American chess player. He is considered to have been the greatest chess master of his era and an unofficial World Chess Champion in 1858. Morphy retired from chess in 1859

'''Wilhelm''' (later '''William''') '''Steinitz''' (1836–1900) was an Austrian and then American chess player and the first undisputed world chess champion from 1886 to 1894. Steinitz lost his title to Emanuel Lasker in 1894 and also lost a rematch in 1897

'''Aron Nimzowitsch''' (1886–1935) was a Russian-born Danish unofficial chess grandmaster and an influential chess writer

'''Emanuel Lasker''' (1868–1941) was a German chess player, mathematician, and philosopher who was World Chess Champion for 27 years (1894–1921). In his prime Lasker was one of the most dominant champions, and he is still generally regarded as one of the strongest players ever

Emanuel Lasker invented a draughts-like game in 1911

'''Jose Raul Capablanca''' (1888–1942) was a Cuban chess player who was world chess champion from 1921 to 1927. Due to his achievements in the chess world, mastery over the board and his relatively simple style of play he was nicknamed the ‘Human Chess Machine’

'''Alexander Alekhine''' (1892–1946) he became the fourth World Chess Champion in 1927 by defeating Capablanca, widely considered invincible, in what would stand as the longest chess championship match held until 1985. He was defeated by Euwe in 1935, but regained his crown in the 1937 rematch

'''Max Euwe''' (1901–1981) was a Dutch chess Grandmaster, mathematician, and author. He was the fifth player to become World Chess Champion (1935 – 1937). Euwe also served as President of FIDE, the World Chess Federation, from 1970 to 1978

'''Mikhail Botvinnik''' (1911–1995) was a Soviet International Grandmaster and three-time World Chess Champion (1948–1957, 1958–1960, 1961–1963). Working as an electrical engineer and computer scientist at the same time, he was one of the very few famous chess players who achieved distinction in another career while playing top-class competitive chess

'''Vasily Smyslov''' (1921–2010) was a Soviet and Russian chess grandmaster, and was World Chess Champion from 1957 to 1958

'''Mikhail Tal''' (1936–1992) was a Soviet–Latvian chess player, a Grandmaster, and the eighth World Chess Champion, from 1960 to 1961. He holds the records for both the first and second longest unbeaten streaks in competitive chess history. Many authorities consider him to have been the greatest attacking Grandmaster in the history of chess

'''Tigran Petrosian''' (1929–1984) was a Soviet-Armenian grandmaster born in Tbilisi, and World Chess Champion from 1963 to 1969. He was nicknamed ‘Iron Tigran’ due to his playing style because of his almost impenetrable defence, which emphasized safety above all else

'''Victor Korchnoi''' (born 1931) played three matches against Anatoly Karpov, the latter two for the World Chess Championship. In 1974, he lost the Candidates final to Karpov, who was declared world champion in 1975 when Bobby Fischer failed to defend his title. Then, after defecting from the Soviet Union in 1976, he won consecutive Candidates cycles to qualify for World Championship matches with Karpov in 1978 and 1981, losing both

'''Nigel Short''' (born 1965) was ranked third in the world, from January 1988 – July 1989 and in 1993, he challenged Garry Kasparov for the World Chess Championship, in London

'''Boris Spassky''' (born 1937) is a Soviet-French chess grandmaster. Spassky defeated Tigran Petrosian in 1969 to become World Champion, then lost the title in the Fischer–Spassky match in 1972

'''Bobby Fischer''' (1943–2008) captured the World Championship from Boris Spassky of the USSR in a match held in Reykjavík in 1972. In 1975, Fischer declined to defend his title when he could not come to agreement with FIDE over the conditions for the match. After ending his competitive career, he proposed a new variant of chess and a modified chess timing system: His idea of adding a time increment after each move is now standard

The Game of the Century refers to a game played between Donald Byrne and 13-year-old Bobby Fischer in the Rosenwald Memorial Tournament in New York City in 1956, which Fischer won

In 1977, Bobby Fischer played three games in Cambridge against the MIT Greenblatt computer program. Fischer won all the games

Bobby Fischer was involved with the Worldwide Church of God and died in Iceland

'''Tony Miles''' (born 1955) was the first British-born chess grandmaster

'''Raymond Keene''' (born 1948) was the second British-born chess grandmaster. He has been chess correspondent of ''The Times'' since 1985, and has written over 100 books on chess

'''Anatoly Karpov''' (born 1951) was the official world champion from 1975 to 1985 when he was defeated by Garry Kasparov. He played three matches against Kasparov for the title from 1986 to 1990, before becoming FIDE World Champion once again after Kasparov broke away from FIDE in 1993. He held the title until 1999, when he resigned his title in protest against FIDE's new world championship rules

'''Garry Kasparov''' (born 1963) became the youngest ever undisputed World Chess Champion in 1985 at the age of 22. He held the official FIDE world title until 1993, when a dispute with FIDE led him to set up a rival organization, the Professional Chess Association. He continued to hold the "Classical" World Chess Championship until his defeat by Vladimir Kramnik in 2000. He is also widely known for being the first world chess champion to lose a match to a computer under standard time controls, when he lost to Deep Blue in 1997. He was the world No. 1 ranked player for 255 months

'''Vladimir Kramnik''' (born 1975) was the Classical World Chess Champion from 2000 to 2006, and the undisputed World Chess Champion from 2006 to 2007. In 2006, Kramnik, the Classical World Champion, defeated reigning FIDE World Champion Veselin Topalov in a unification match, the World Chess Championship 2006. As a result Kramnik became the first undisputed World Champion, holding both the FIDE and Classical titles, since Kasparov split from FIDE in 1993. In 2007, Kramnik lost the title to Viswanathan Anand

'''Veselin Topalov''' (born 1975) from Bulgaria won the FIDE World Chess Championship in 2005. Ranked number one for a total of 27 months

'''Viswanathan Anand''' (born 1969) from India held the FIDE World Chess Championship from 2000 to 2002, at a time when the world title was split. He became the undisputed World Champion in 2007 and defended his title against Vladimir Kramnik in 2008. He then successfully defended his title in the World Chess Championship 2010 against Veselin Topalov. As the reigning champion, he defeated Boris Gelfand, the winner of the Candidates Tournament, for the World Chess Championship 2012

'''Sergey Karjakin''' (born 1990) is a Russian (formerly Ukrainian) grandmaster. He was a chess prodigy and holds the record for both the youngest International Master, 11 years and 11 months, and grandmaster in history, at the age of 12 years and 7 months. In September 2011 he had an Elo rating of 2772, making him Russia's second best chess player, and the fifth in the world

'''Magnus Carlsen''' (born 1990) is a Norwegian chess Grandmaster and chess prodigy who is currently the number-one ranked player in the world. His peak rating is 2882, the highest in history. In 2004 Carlsen became a Grandmaster at the age of&1000000000000001300000013, making113 13, making him the third-youngest Grandmaster in history. In 2010, at the age of &1000000000000001900000019 years,&100000000000000320000 he became the youngest chess player in history to be ranked world number one, breaking the record previously held by Vladimir Kramnik. Magnus Carlsen faced Anand in the World Chess Championship 2013 in Chennai. Carlsen won the match 6½–3½

Female players

'''Vera Menchik''' (1906–1944) was a British-Czech chess player who gained renown as the world's first women's chess champion. She also competed in chess tournaments with some of the world's leading male chess masters, defeating many of them, including future World Champion Max Euwe. The daughter of a Czech father and British mother, Vera Menchik was born in Moscow but, in the aftermath of World War I and the Russian Revolution, moved with her family to England in 1921. She won the first Women's World Championship in 1927 and successfully defended her title six times. She was killed in a V-1 rocket bombing raid in Clapham in 1944

'''Lyudmila Rudenko''' (1904–1986) was a Soviet chess player and the second Women's World Chess Champion from 1950 until 1953

'''Elisabeth Bykova''' (1913–1989) was a Soviet chess player and the third and fifth Women's World Chess Champion, from 1953 until 1956, and again from 1958 to 1962

'''Xie Jun''' (born 1970) from China was Women's World Chess Champion from 1991 to 1996 and again from 1999 to 2001

'''Susan Polgar''' (born 1969), often known as '''Zsuzsa Polgar''', was the Women's World Chess Champion from 1996 to 1999. She was also the first woman in history to break the gender barrier by qualifying for the 1986 Men's World Championship

'''Judit Polgar''' (born 1976) is a Hungarian chess grandmaster. She is by far the strongest female chess player in history. In 1991, Polgar achieved the title of Grandmaster at the age of 15 years, the youngest person ever to do so at that time. Polgar was ranked No. 35 in the world on the November 2011 FIDE rating list with an Elo rating of 2710. She is the only female player to have won a game against a Men's World champion

'''Sofia Polgar''' (born 1974) is an International Master and Woman Grandmaster, and is the middle sister of Grandmasters Susan and Judit Polgar

'''Alexandra Kosteniuk''' (born 1984) is a Russian chess Grandmaster and was Women's World Chess Champion from 2008 to 2010

'''Hou Yifan''' (born 1994) won the Women's World Chess Championship 2010 in Hatay, Turkey, making her the youngest women's world champion in history, aged 16. She defended her title by defeating Indian GM Koneru Humpy in 2011, and regained the title in 2013

'''Anna Ushenina''' (born 1985) from Ukraine won the Women's World Chess Championship 2012, which was a knockout tournament for the first time