Quiz Revision Notes - User contributions [en-gb]

Entertainment/Lists of Winners of UK Reality TV Shows

2026-04-25T12:06:43Z

QRNeditor: Added I'm a Celebrity... South Africa

== Big Brother ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2000
|Craig Phillips
|-
|2001
|Brian Dowling
|-
|2002
|Kate Lawler
|-
|2003
|Cameron Stout
|-
|2004
|Nadia Almada
|-
|2005
|Anthony Hutton
|-
|2006
|Pete Bennett
|-
|2007
|Brian Belo
|-
|2008
|Rachel Rice
|-
|2009
|Sophie Reade
|-
|2010
|Josie Gibson
|-
|2011
|Aaron Allard-Morgan
|-
|2012
|Luke Anderson
|-
|2013
|Sam Evans
|-
|2014
|Helen Wood
|-
|2015
|Chloe Wilburn
|-
|2016
|Jason Burrill
|-
|2017
|Isabelle Warburton
|-
|2018
|Cameron Cole
|-
|2023
|Jordan Sangha
|-
|2024
|Ali Bromley
|-
|2025
|Richard Storry
|}

== Celebrity Big Brother ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2001
|Jack Dee
|-
|2002
|Mark Owen
|-
|2005
|Bez Berry
|-
|2006
|Chantelle Houghton
|-
|2007
|Shilpa Shetty
|-
|2009
|Ulrika Jonsson
|-
|2010
|Alex Reid
|-
|2011
|Paddy Doherty
|-
|2012
|Denise Welch
|-
|2012
|Julian Clary
|-
|2013
|Rylan Clark
|-
|2013
|Charlotte Crosby
|-
|2014
|Jim Davidson
|-
|2014
|Gary Busey
|-
|2015
|Katie Price
|-
|2015
|James Hill
|-
|2016
|Scotty T
|-
|2016
|Stephen Bear
|-
|2017
|Coleen Nolan
|-
|2017
|Sarah Harding
|-
|2018
|Courtney Act
|-
|2018
|Ryan Thomas
|-
|2024
|David Potts
|-
|2025
|Jack P. Shepherd
|}

== I’m a Celebrity…Get Me Out of Here! ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2002
|Tony Blackburn
|-
|2003
|Phil Tuffnell
|-
|2004
|Kerry Katona
|-
|2004
|Joe Pasquale
|-
|2005
|Carol Thatcher
|-
|2006
|Matt Willis
|-
|2007
|Christopher Biggins
|-
|2008
|Joe Swash
|-
|2009
|Gino D’Acampo
|-
|2010
|Stacey Solomon
|-
|2011
|Dougie Poynter
|-
|2012
|Charlie Brooks
|-
|2013
|Kian Egan
|-
|2014
|Carl Fogarty
|-
|2015
|Vicky Pattison
|-
|2016
|Scarlett Moffatt
|-
|2017
|Georgia Toffolo
|-
|2018
|Harry Redknapp
|-
|2019
|Jacqueline Jossa
|-
|2020
|Giovanna Fletcher
|-
|2021
|Danny Miller
|-
|2022
|Jill Scott
|-
|2023
|Sam Thompson
|-
|2024
|Danny Jones
|-
|2025
|Angry Ginge
|}

== I'm a Celebrity... South Africa ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2023
|Myleene Klass
|-
|2026
|Adam Thomas
|}

== Love Island ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2005
|Fran Cosgrave and Jayne Middlemiss (Celebrity Love Island)
|-
|2006
|Calum Best and Bianca Gascoigne (Celebrity Love Island)
|-
|2015
|Max Morley and Jessica Hayes
|-
|2016
|Nathan Massey and Cara De La Hoyde
|-
|2017
|Kem Cetinay and Amber Davies
|-
|2018
|Jack Fincham and Dani Dyer
|-
|2019
|Greg O’Shea and Amber Gill
|-
|2020
|Finlay Tapp and Paige Turley
|-
|2021
|Liam Reardon and Millie Court
|-
|2022
|Davide Sanclimenti and Ekin-Su Cülcüloğlu
|-
|2023 (March)
|Kai Fagan and Sanam Harrinanan
|-
|2023 (July)
|Jess Harding and Sammy Root
|-
|2024
|Josh Oyinsan and Mimii Ngulube
|-
|2025
|Cach Mercer and Toni Laites
|}

== Popstars ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2001
|Hear’Say
|-
|2002
|Girls Aloud and One True Voice (Popstars: The Rivals)
|}

== Pop Idol ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2002
|Will Young
|-
|2003
|Michelle McManus
|}

== The X Factor ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2004
|Steve Brookstein
|-
|2005
|Shayne Ward
|-
|2006
|Leona Lewis
|-
|2007
|Leon Jackson
|-
|2008
|Alexandra Burke
|-
|2009
|Joe McElderry
|-
|2010
|Matt Cardle
|-
|2011
|Little Mix
|-
|2012
|James Arthur
|-
|2013
|Sam Bailey
|-
|2014
|Ben Haenow
|-
|2015
|Louisa Johnson
|-
|2016
|Matt Terry
|-
|2017
|Rak-Su
|-
|2108
|Dalton Harris
|}

== Strictly Come Dancing ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2004
|Natasha Kaplinsky and Brendan Cole
|-
|2004
|Jill Halfpenny and Darren Bennett
|-
|2005
|Darren Gough and Lilia Kopylova
|-
|2006
|Mark Ramprakash and Karen Hardy
|-
|2007
|Alesha Dixon and Matthew Cutler
|-
|2008
|Tom Chambers and Camilla Dallerup
|-
|2009
|Chris Hollins and Ola Jordan
|-
|2010
|Kara Tointon and Artem Chigvintsev
|-
|2011
|Harry Judd and Aliona Vilani
|-
|2012
|Louis Smith and Flavia Cacace
|-
|2013
|Abbey Clancy and Aljaz Skorjanec
|-
|2014
|Caroline Flack and Pasha Kovalev
|-
|2015
|Jay McGuiness and Aliona Vilani
|-
|2016
|Ore Oduba and Joanne Clifton
|-
|2017
|Joe McFadden and Katya Jones
|-
|2018
|Stacey Dooley and Kevin Clifton
|-
|2019
|Kelvin Fletcher and Oti Mabuse
|-
|2020
|Bill Bailey and Oti Mabuse
|-
|2021
|Rose Ayling-Ellis and Giovanni Pernice
|-
|2022
|Hamza Yassin and Jowita Przystał
|-
|2023
|Ellie Lynch and Vito Coppola
|-
|2024
|Chris McCausland and Dianne Buswell
|-
|2025
|Karen Carney and Carlos Gu
|}

== Dancing on Ice ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2006
|Gaynor Faye and Daniel Whiston
|-
|2007
|Kyran Bracken and Melanie Lambert
|-
|2008
|Suzanne Shaw and Matt Evers
|-
|2009
|Ray Quinn and Maria Filippov
|-
|2010
|Hayley Tamaddon and Daniel Whitson
|-
|2011
|Sam Attwater and Brianne Delcourt
|-
|2012
|Matthew Wolfenden and Nina Ulanova
|-
|2013
|Beth Tweddle and Daniel Whitson
|-
|2014
|Ray Quinn and Maria Filippov
|-
|2018
|Jake Quickenden and Vanessa Bauer
|-
|2019
|James Jordan and Alexandra Schauman
|-
|2020
|Joe Swash and Alex Murphy
|-
|2021
|Sonny Jay and Angela Egan
|-
|2022
|Regan Gascoigne and Karina Manta
|-
|2023
|Nile Wilson and Olivia Smart
|-
|2024
|Ryan Thomas and Amani Fancy
|-
|2025
|Sam Aston and Molly Lanaghan
|}

== The Apprentice ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2005
|Tim Campbell
|-
|2006
|Michelle Dewberry
|-
|2007
|Simon Ambrose
|-
|2008
|Lee McQueen
|-
|2009
|Yasmini Siadatan
|-
|2010
|Stella English
|-
|2011
|Tom Pellereau
|-
|2012
|Ricky Martin
|-
|2013
|Leah Totton
|-
|2014
|Mark Wright
|-
|2015
|Joseph Valente
|-
|2016
|Alana Spencer
|-
|2017
|Sarah Lynn and James White
|-
|2018
|Sian Gabbidon
|-
|2019
|Carina Lepore
|-
|2020
|Not held due to COVID-19
|-
|2021
|Not held due to COVID-19
|-
|2022
|Harpreet Kaur
|-
|2023
|Marnie Swindells
|-
|2024
|Rachel Woolford
|-
|2025
|Dean Franklin
|}

== Britain's Got Talent ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2007
|Paul Potts
|-
|2008
|George Sampson
|-
|2009
|Diversity
|-
|2010
|Spelbound
|-
|2011
|Jai McDowell
|-
|2012
|Ashleigh Butler and her dog Pudsey
|-
|2013
|Attraction
|-
|2104
|Collabro
|-
|2015
|Jules O'Dwyer and her dog Matisse
|-
|2016
|Richard Jones
|-
|2017
|Tokio Myers
|-
|2018
|Lost Voice Guy
|-
|2019
|Colin Thackery
|-
|2020
|Jon Courtenay
|-
|2021
|Not held due to COVID-19
|-
|2022
|Alex Blake
|-
|2023
|Viggo Venn
|-
|2024
|Syndie Christmas
|-
|2025
|Harry Moulding
|}

== The Voice UK ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2012
|Leanne Mitchell
|-
|2013
|Andrea Begley
|-
|2014
|Jermain Jackman
|-
|2015
|Stevie McCrorie
|-
|2016
|Kevin Simm
|-
|2017
|Mo Adeniran
|-
|2018
|Ruti Olajugbagbe
|-
|2019
|Molly Hocking
|-
|2020
|Blessing Chitapa
|-
|2021
|Craig Eddie
|-
|2022
|Anthonia Edwards
|-
|2023
|Jen and Liv
|-
|2024
|AVA
|}

== Celebrity MasterChef ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2006
|Matt Dawson
|-
|2007
|Nadia Sawalha
|-
|2008
|Liz McClarnon
|-
|2009
|Jayne Middlemiss
|-
|2010
|Lisa Faulkner
|-
|2011
|Phil Vickery
|-
|2012
|Emma Kennedy
|-
|2013
|Adrian Edmondson
|-
|2104
|Sophie Thompson
|-
|2015
|Kimberly Wyatt
|-
|2016
|Alexis Conran
|-
|2017
|Angellica Bell
|-
|2018
|John Partridge
|-
|2019
|Greg Rutherford
|-
|2020
|Riyadh Khalaf
|-
|2021
|Kadeena Cox
|-
|2022
|Lisa Snowdon
|-
|2023
|Wynne Evans
|-
|2024
|Vito Coppola
|-
|2025
|Ginger Johnson
|}

== The Great British Bake Off ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2010
|Edd Kimber
|-
|2011
|Joanne Wheatley
|-
|2012
|John Whaite
|-
|2013
|Frances Quinn
|-
|2014
|Nancy Birtwhistle
|-
|2015
|Nadiya Hussain
|-
|2016
|Candice Brown
|-
|2017
|Sophie Faldo
|-
|2018
|Rahul Mandal
|-
|2019
|David Atherton
|-
|2020
|Peter Sawkins
|-
|2021
|Giuseppe Dell'Anno
|-
|2022
|Syabira Yusoff
|-
|2023
|Matty Edgell
|-
|2024
|Georgie Grasso
|-
|2025
|Jasmine Mitchell
|}

== The Jump ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2014
|Joe McElderry
|-
|2015
|Joey Essex
|-
|2016
|Ben Cohen
|-
|2017
|Spencer Matthews
|}

== The Great British Sewing Bee ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2013
|Ann Rowley
|-
|2014
|Heather Jacks
|-
|2015
|Matt Chapple
|-
|2016
|Charlotte Newland
|-
|2019
|Juliet Uzor
|-
|2020
|Clare Bradley
|-
|2021
|Serena Baker
|-
|2022
|Annie Phillips
|-
|2023
|Asmaa Al-allak
|-
|2024
|Luke-Matthew Iveson
|-
|2025
|Caz
|}

== The Great Pottery Throw Down ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2015
|Matthew Wilcock
|-
|2017
|Ryan Barrett
|-
|2020
|Rosa Wiland Holmes
|-
|2021
|Jodie Neale
|-
|2022
|AJ Simpson
|-
|2023
|Lois Gunn
|-
|2024
|Donna Bloye
|-
|2025
|James Stanley Watson
|-
|2026
|Fynn Allen
|}

== RuPaul’s Drag Race UK ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2019
|The Vivienne
|-
|2021
|Lawrence Chaney
|-
|2021
|Krystal Versace
|-
|2022
|Danny Beard
|-
|2023
|Ginger Johnson
|-
|2024
|Kyran Thrax
|-
|2025
|Bones
|}

== Britain's Next Top Model ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2005
|Lucy Ratcliffe
|-
|2006
|Lianna Fowler
|-
|2007
|Lauren McEvoy
|-
|2008
|Alex Evans
|-
|2009
|Mecia Simson
|-
|2010
|Tiffany Pisani
|-
|2011
|Jade Thompson
|-
|2012
|Letitia Herod
|-
|2013
|Lauren Lambert
|-
|2016
|Chloe Keenan
|-
|2017
|Olivia Wardell
|-
|2017
|Ivy Watson
|}

== The Masked Singer ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2020
|Nicola Roberts as “Queen Bee”
|-
|2021
|Joss Stone as “Sausage”
|-
|2022
|Natalie Imbruglia as “Panda”
|-
|2023
|Charlie Simpson as “Rhino”
|-
|2024
|Danny Jones as "Piranha"
|-
|2025
|Samantha Banks as "Pufferfish"
|-
|2026
|Keisha Buchanan as "Moth"
|}

== The Masked Dancer ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2021
|Louis Smith as “Carwash”
|-
|2022
|Heather Morris as “Scissors”
|}

== The Traitors ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2022
|Aaron Evans, Hannah Byczkowski, and Meryl Williams
|-
|2024
|Harry Clark
|-
|2025
|Jake Brown and Leanne Quigley
|-
|2026
|Rachel Duffy and Stephen Libby
|}

== The Celebrity Traitors ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2025
|Alan Carr
|}

Entertainment/Lists of Winners of UK Reality TV Shows

2026-04-16T18:33:16Z

QRNeditor: Added 2026 winner of The Masked Singer

== Big Brother ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2000
|Craig Phillips
|-
|2001
|Brian Dowling
|-
|2002
|Kate Lawler
|-
|2003
|Cameron Stout
|-
|2004
|Nadia Almada
|-
|2005
|Anthony Hutton
|-
|2006
|Pete Bennett
|-
|2007
|Brian Belo
|-
|2008
|Rachel Rice
|-
|2009
|Sophie Reade
|-
|2010
|Josie Gibson
|-
|2011
|Aaron Allard-Morgan
|-
|2012
|Luke Anderson
|-
|2013
|Sam Evans
|-
|2014
|Helen Wood
|-
|2015
|Chloe Wilburn
|-
|2016
|Jason Burrill
|-
|2017
|Isabelle Warburton
|-
|2018
|Cameron Cole
|-
|2023
|Jordan Sangha
|-
|2024
|Ali Bromley
|-
|2025
|Richard Storry
|}

== Celebrity Big Brother ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2001
|Jack Dee
|-
|2002
|Mark Owen
|-
|2005
|Bez Berry
|-
|2006
|Chantelle Houghton
|-
|2007
|Shilpa Shetty
|-
|2009
|Ulrika Jonsson
|-
|2010
|Alex Reid
|-
|2011
|Paddy Doherty
|-
|2012
|Denise Welch
|-
|2012
|Julian Clary
|-
|2013
|Rylan Clark
|-
|2013
|Charlotte Crosby
|-
|2014
|Jim Davidson
|-
|2014
|Gary Busey
|-
|2015
|Katie Price
|-
|2015
|James Hill
|-
|2016
|Scotty T
|-
|2016
|Stephen Bear
|-
|2017
|Coleen Nolan
|-
|2017
|Sarah Harding
|-
|2018
|Courtney Act
|-
|2018
|Ryan Thomas
|-
|2024
|David Potts
|-
|2025
|Jack P. Shepherd
|}

== I’m a Celebrity…Get Me Out of Here! ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2002
|Tony Blackburn
|-
|2003
|Phil Tuffnell
|-
|2004
|Kerry Katona
|-
|2004
|Joe Pasquale
|-
|2005
|Carol Thatcher
|-
|2006
|Matt Willis
|-
|2007
|Christopher Biggins
|-
|2008
|Joe Swash
|-
|2009
|Gino D’Acampo
|-
|2010
|Stacey Solomon
|-
|2011
|Dougie Poynter
|-
|2012
|Charlie Brooks
|-
|2013
|Kian Egan
|-
|2014
|Carl Fogarty
|-
|2015
|Vicky Pattison
|-
|2016
|Scarlett Moffatt
|-
|2017
|Georgia Toffolo
|-
|2018
|Harry Redknapp
|-
|2019
|Jacqueline Jossa
|-
|2020
|Giovanna Fletcher
|-
|2021
|Danny Miller
|-
|2022
|Jill Scott
|-
|2023
|Sam Thompson
|-
|2024
|Danny Jones
|-
|2025
|Angry Ginge
|}

== Love Island ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2005
|Fran Cosgrave and Jayne Middlemiss (Celebrity Love Island)
|-
|2006
|Calum Best and Bianca Gascoigne (Celebrity Love Island)
|-
|2015
|Max Morley and Jessica Hayes
|-
|2016
|Nathan Massey and Cara De La Hoyde
|-
|2017
|Kem Cetinay and Amber Davies
|-
|2018
|Jack Fincham and Dani Dyer
|-
|2019
|Greg O’Shea and Amber Gill
|-
|2020
|Finlay Tapp and Paige Turley
|-
|2021
|Liam Reardon and Millie Court
|-
|2022
|Davide Sanclimenti and Ekin-Su Cülcüloğlu
|-
|2023 (March)
|Kai Fagan and Sanam Harrinanan
|-
|2023 (July)
|Jess Harding and Sammy Root
|-
|2024
|Josh Oyinsan and Mimii Ngulube
|-
|2025
|Cach Mercer and Toni Laites
|}

== Popstars ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2001
|Hear’Say
|-
|2002
|Girls Aloud and One True Voice (Popstars: The Rivals)
|}

== Pop Idol ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2002
|Will Young
|-
|2003
|Michelle McManus
|}

== The X Factor ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2004
|Steve Brookstein
|-
|2005
|Shayne Ward
|-
|2006
|Leona Lewis
|-
|2007
|Leon Jackson
|-
|2008
|Alexandra Burke
|-
|2009
|Joe McElderry
|-
|2010
|Matt Cardle
|-
|2011
|Little Mix
|-
|2012
|James Arthur
|-
|2013
|Sam Bailey
|-
|2014
|Ben Haenow
|-
|2015
|Louisa Johnson
|-
|2016
|Matt Terry
|-
|2017
|Rak-Su
|-
|2108
|Dalton Harris
|}

== Strictly Come Dancing ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2004
|Natasha Kaplinsky and Brendan Cole
|-
|2004
|Jill Halfpenny and Darren Bennett
|-
|2005
|Darren Gough and Lilia Kopylova
|-
|2006
|Mark Ramprakash and Karen Hardy
|-
|2007
|Alesha Dixon and Matthew Cutler
|-
|2008
|Tom Chambers and Camilla Dallerup
|-
|2009
|Chris Hollins and Ola Jordan
|-
|2010
|Kara Tointon and Artem Chigvintsev
|-
|2011
|Harry Judd and Aliona Vilani
|-
|2012
|Louis Smith and Flavia Cacace
|-
|2013
|Abbey Clancy and Aljaz Skorjanec
|-
|2014
|Caroline Flack and Pasha Kovalev
|-
|2015
|Jay McGuiness and Aliona Vilani
|-
|2016
|Ore Oduba and Joanne Clifton
|-
|2017
|Joe McFadden and Katya Jones
|-
|2018
|Stacey Dooley and Kevin Clifton
|-
|2019
|Kelvin Fletcher and Oti Mabuse
|-
|2020
|Bill Bailey and Oti Mabuse
|-
|2021
|Rose Ayling-Ellis and Giovanni Pernice
|-
|2022
|Hamza Yassin and Jowita Przystał
|-
|2023
|Ellie Lynch and Vito Coppola
|-
|2024
|Chris McCausland and Dianne Buswell
|-
|2025
|Karen Carney and Carlos Gu
|}

== Dancing on Ice ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2006
|Gaynor Faye and Daniel Whiston
|-
|2007
|Kyran Bracken and Melanie Lambert
|-
|2008
|Suzanne Shaw and Matt Evers
|-
|2009
|Ray Quinn and Maria Filippov
|-
|2010
|Hayley Tamaddon and Daniel Whitson
|-
|2011
|Sam Attwater and Brianne Delcourt
|-
|2012
|Matthew Wolfenden and Nina Ulanova
|-
|2013
|Beth Tweddle and Daniel Whitson
|-
|2014
|Ray Quinn and Maria Filippov
|-
|2018
|Jake Quickenden and Vanessa Bauer
|-
|2019
|James Jordan and Alexandra Schauman
|-
|2020
|Joe Swash and Alex Murphy
|-
|2021
|Sonny Jay and Angela Egan
|-
|2022
|Regan Gascoigne and Karina Manta
|-
|2023
|Nile Wilson and Olivia Smart
|-
|2024
|Ryan Thomas and Amani Fancy
|-
|2025
|Sam Aston and Molly Lanaghan
|}

== The Apprentice ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2005
|Tim Campbell
|-
|2006
|Michelle Dewberry
|-
|2007
|Simon Ambrose
|-
|2008
|Lee McQueen
|-
|2009
|Yasmini Siadatan
|-
|2010
|Stella English
|-
|2011
|Tom Pellereau
|-
|2012
|Ricky Martin
|-
|2013
|Leah Totton
|-
|2014
|Mark Wright
|-
|2015
|Joseph Valente
|-
|2016
|Alana Spencer
|-
|2017
|Sarah Lynn and James White
|-
|2018
|Sian Gabbidon
|-
|2019
|Carina Lepore
|-
|2020
|Not held due to COVID-19
|-
|2021
|Not held due to COVID-19
|-
|2022
|Harpreet Kaur
|-
|2023
|Marnie Swindells
|-
|2024
|Rachel Woolford
|-
|2025
|Dean Franklin
|}

== Britain's Got Talent ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2007
|Paul Potts
|-
|2008
|George Sampson
|-
|2009
|Diversity
|-
|2010
|Spelbound
|-
|2011
|Jai McDowell
|-
|2012
|Ashleigh Butler and her dog Pudsey
|-
|2013
|Attraction
|-
|2104
|Collabro
|-
|2015
|Jules O'Dwyer and her dog Matisse
|-
|2016
|Richard Jones
|-
|2017
|Tokio Myers
|-
|2018
|Lost Voice Guy
|-
|2019
|Colin Thackery
|-
|2020
|Jon Courtenay
|-
|2021
|Not held due to COVID-19
|-
|2022
|Alex Blake
|-
|2023
|Viggo Venn
|-
|2024
|Syndie Christmas
|-
|2025
|Harry Moulding
|}

== The Voice UK ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2012
|Leanne Mitchell
|-
|2013
|Andrea Begley
|-
|2014
|Jermain Jackman
|-
|2015
|Stevie McCrorie
|-
|2016
|Kevin Simm
|-
|2017
|Mo Adeniran
|-
|2018
|Ruti Olajugbagbe
|-
|2019
|Molly Hocking
|-
|2020
|Blessing Chitapa
|-
|2021
|Craig Eddie
|-
|2022
|Anthonia Edwards
|-
|2023
|Jen and Liv
|-
|2024
|AVA
|}

== Celebrity MasterChef ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2006
|Matt Dawson
|-
|2007
|Nadia Sawalha
|-
|2008
|Liz McClarnon
|-
|2009
|Jayne Middlemiss
|-
|2010
|Lisa Faulkner
|-
|2011
|Phil Vickery
|-
|2012
|Emma Kennedy
|-
|2013
|Adrian Edmondson
|-
|2104
|Sophie Thompson
|-
|2015
|Kimberly Wyatt
|-
|2016
|Alexis Conran
|-
|2017
|Angellica Bell
|-
|2018
|John Partridge
|-
|2019
|Greg Rutherford
|-
|2020
|Riyadh Khalaf
|-
|2021
|Kadeena Cox
|-
|2022
|Lisa Snowdon
|-
|2023
|Wynne Evans
|-
|2024
|Vito Coppola
|-
|2025
|Ginger Johnson
|}

== The Great British Bake Off ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2010
|Edd Kimber
|-
|2011
|Joanne Wheatley
|-
|2012
|John Whaite
|-
|2013
|Frances Quinn
|-
|2014
|Nancy Birtwhistle
|-
|2015
|Nadiya Hussain
|-
|2016
|Candice Brown
|-
|2017
|Sophie Faldo
|-
|2018
|Rahul Mandal
|-
|2019
|David Atherton
|-
|2020
|Peter Sawkins
|-
|2021
|Giuseppe Dell'Anno
|-
|2022
|Syabira Yusoff
|-
|2023
|Matty Edgell
|-
|2024
|Georgie Grasso
|-
|2025
|Jasmine Mitchell
|}

== The Jump ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2014
|Joe McElderry
|-
|2015
|Joey Essex
|-
|2016
|Ben Cohen
|-
|2017
|Spencer Matthews
|}

== The Great British Sewing Bee ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2013
|Ann Rowley
|-
|2014
|Heather Jacks
|-
|2015
|Matt Chapple
|-
|2016
|Charlotte Newland
|-
|2019
|Juliet Uzor
|-
|2020
|Clare Bradley
|-
|2021
|Serena Baker
|-
|2022
|Annie Phillips
|-
|2023
|Asmaa Al-allak
|-
|2024
|Luke-Matthew Iveson
|-
|2025
|Caz
|}

== The Great Pottery Throw Down ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2015
|Matthew Wilcock
|-
|2017
|Ryan Barrett
|-
|2020
|Rosa Wiland Holmes
|-
|2021
|Jodie Neale
|-
|2022
|AJ Simpson
|-
|2023
|Lois Gunn
|-
|2024
|Donna Bloye
|-
|2025
|James Stanley Watson
|-
|2026
|Fynn Allen
|}

== RuPaul’s Drag Race UK ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2019
|The Vivienne
|-
|2021
|Lawrence Chaney
|-
|2021
|Krystal Versace
|-
|2022
|Danny Beard
|-
|2023
|Ginger Johnson
|-
|2024
|Kyran Thrax
|-
|2025
|Bones
|}

== Britain's Next Top Model ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2005
|Lucy Ratcliffe
|-
|2006
|Lianna Fowler
|-
|2007
|Lauren McEvoy
|-
|2008
|Alex Evans
|-
|2009
|Mecia Simson
|-
|2010
|Tiffany Pisani
|-
|2011
|Jade Thompson
|-
|2012
|Letitia Herod
|-
|2013
|Lauren Lambert
|-
|2016
|Chloe Keenan
|-
|2017
|Olivia Wardell
|-
|2017
|Ivy Watson
|}

== The Masked Singer ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2020
|Nicola Roberts as “Queen Bee”
|-
|2021
|Joss Stone as “Sausage”
|-
|2022
|Natalie Imbruglia as “Panda”
|-
|2023
|Charlie Simpson as “Rhino”
|-
|2024
|Danny Jones as "Piranha"
|-
|2025
|Samantha Banks as "Pufferfish"
|-
|2026
|Keisha Buchanan as "Moth"
|}

== The Masked Dancer ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2021
|Louis Smith as “Carwash”
|-
|2022
|Heather Morris as “Scissors”
|}

== The Traitors ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2022
|Aaron Evans, Hannah Byczkowski, and Meryl Williams
|-
|2024
|Harry Clark
|-
|2025
|Jake Brown and Leanne Quigley
|-
|2026
|Rachel Duffy and Stephen Libby
|}

== The Celebrity Traitors ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2025
|Alan Carr
|}

Sport and Leisure/Sport 2025

2026-04-09T16:46:11Z

QRNeditor: Fixed typos

== January ==
Jan 2

PDC World Darts Championship semi-finals – Littler bt Bunting, Van Gerwen bt Dobey

Jan 3

PDC final – Littler bt Van Gerwen

Jan 5

United Cup final (Sydney) – USA (Gauff and Fritz) bt Poland (Swiatek and Hurkacz)

Ilona Maher makes her debut for Bristol Bears Women

Jan 6

Hideki Matsuyama sets a new PGA Tour record score for 72 holes of 35 under par in winning the event at The Sentry in Hawaii

Four Hills Tournament – Daniel Tschofenig (Austria)

Jan 7

Tomorrow's Golf League (TGL) starts at the SoFi Center in Florida. Indoor golf league created by Tiger Woods and Rory McIlroy

Jan 9

Graham Potter replaces Julen Lopetegui as manager of West Ham

David Moyes replaces Sean Dyche as manager of Everton

Neil Robertson replaces Ronne O’Sullivan for the Masters

Jan 11

FA Cup third round –Man City 8 (James McAtee 3) Salford 0

Jan 12

FA Cup third round – Spurs bt Tamworth

Jan 13

Former Scotland rugby union captain Peter Brown dies

Jan 13

Australian Open first round – Jacob Fearnley bt Nick Kyrgios

Novak Djokovic is coached by Andy Murray for the first time

Tony Book dies

Jan 16

Amad Diallo hat-trick for Man Utd against Southampton

Jan 17

Australian Open third round – Alexander Zverev bt Jacob Fearnley

Denis Law dies

Jan 18

Australian Open third round – Swiatek bt Radacanu

Justin Kluivert hat-trick for Bournemouth against Newcastle

Masters semi-finals – Murphy bt Allen, Kyren Wilson bt Trump

Sean Murphy makes a 147 break

Jan 19

Australian Open third round – Alcaraz bt Draper

Investec Champions Cup – Toulouse 80 Leicester 12

Masters final – Murphy bt Wilson

Dubai Desert Classic – Tyrell Hatton

Jan 20

International Tennis Federation World Champions. Men’s – Sinner. Women’s – Swiatek

Jan 21

Australian Open quarter-final – Djokovic bt Alcaraz

Longines World’s Best Racehorse – City of Troy and Laurel River

Jan 23

Australian Open women’s semi-finals – Sabalenka bt Badosa, Keys bt Swiatek

Jan 24

Australian Open men’s semi-finals – Zverev bt Djokovic, Sinner bt Shelton

Mixed doubles final – Peers and Gadecki bt Smith and Birrell

Wheelchair men’s doubles – Hewett and Reid

Quad Wheelchair men’s doubles – Lapthorne and Schroder

Jan 25

Australian Open women’s final – Keys bt Sabalenka

Men’s doubles final – Patten and Heliovaara bt Bolelli and Vavassori

Wheelchair men’s singles – Hewett

Dango Outarra hat-trick for Bournemouth against Nottingham Forest

World Indoor Bowls Championship. Men’s – Jason Banks. Women’s – Julie Forrest

Pegasus World Cup – White Abarrio

Jan 26

Australian Open men’s final – Sinner bt Zverev

Women’s doubles final – Siniakova and Townsend bt Hsieh and Ostapenko

AFC Championship Game – Kansas City Chiefs bt Buffalo Bills

NFC Championship Game – Philadelphia Eagles bt Washington Commanders

British Basketball League (BBL) Trophy final – Newcastle Eagles bt Bristol Flyers

WBBL Trophy final – Caledonia Gladiators bt Oaklands Wolves

Naomi Girma moves from San Diego Wave to Chelsea for $1.1 million, breaking the world record for a women's soccer transfer

Jan 27

Big Bash League final – Hobart Hurricanes bt Sydney Thunder. First title. Mitchell Owen hit a century off 39 balls

Jan 28

ICC Cricketer of the Year awards –

Men's Cricketer of the Year (Sir Garfield Sobers Trophy) – Jasprit Bumrah

Men's Test Cricketer of the Year – Jasprit Bumrah

Men's ODI Cricketer of the Year – Azmatullah Omarzai (Afghanistan)

Men's T20 Cricketer of the Year – Arshdeep Singh

Women’s Cricketer of the Year (Rachael Heyhoe Flint Trophy) – Melie Kerr

Women's ODI Cricketer of the Year – Smriti Mandhana

Women's T20 Cricketer of the Year – Melie Kerr

Jan 29

Steve Smith passes the 10,000-run mark in Test cricket

Morgan Rogers hat-trick for Aston Villa against Celtic

Jan 31

Six Nations captains and coaches –

England – Maro Itoje and Steve Borthwick

Wales – Jac Morgan and Warren Gatland

Ireland – Caelan Doris and Simon Easterby

Scotland – Rory Darge and Finn Russell (co-captains) and Gregor Townsend

France – Antoine Dupont and Fabien Galthie

Italy – Michele Lamaro and Gonzalo Quesada

Simon Easterby was named as the interim head coach of the Ireland team while Andy Farrell is in charge of the British and Irish Lions for their tour to Australia

Rory Darge and Finn Russell were named as co-captains of the Scotland team, after original captain Sione Tuipulotu was ruled out of the competition due to injury

France 43 Wales 0. Romaine Ntamack sent off

Six Nations uses twenty-minute red cards for the first time

Jos Buttler criticises India's use of pace bowler Harshit Rana as a concussion substitute in the fourth T20 international, calling the change "not a like-for-like replacement"

== February ==
Feb 1

Women's Ashes: One-off Test (Melbourne) England 170 & 148 Australia 440 (Sutherland 163, Mooney 106) Australia won by an innings and 122 runs

Australia win series 16-0

Nottingham Forest 7 (Wood 3) Brighton 0

Scotland 31 Italy 19. Hat-trick for Huw Jones

Ireland 27 England 22. Cadan Murley scores a try for England on debut

Leeds 7 Cardiff 0

Irish Gold Cup – Galopin des Champs

Feb 2

Fifth T20 international – India 247-9 (Abhishek Sharma 135) England 97. India won by 150 runs

India win series 4-1

German Masters snooker final – Kyren Wilson bt Hawkins

World Masters darts final – Humphries bt Clayton

Irish Champion Hurdle – State Man

Luka Doncic moves from Dallas Mavericks to Los Angeles Lakers. Anthony Davies is traded to the Mavericks in exchange for Doncic

Claressa Shields becomes the undisputed female heavyweight world champion

Feb 3

Transfer deadline day –

Ben Chilwell moves from Chelsea to Crystal Palace on loan

Mathys Tel moves from Bayern Munich to Tottenham on loan

Nico Gonzalez moves from Porto to Man City for £50 million

Marcus Rashford moves from Man Utd to Aston Villa on loan

Marco Asensio moves from Paris St-Germain to Aston Villa on loan

Joao Felix moves from Chelsea to AC Milan on loan

Feb 5

EFL Cup semi-final – Newcastle bt Arsenal

Feb 6

EFL Cup semi-final – Liverpool bt Spurs

Premier League starts in Belfast. Chris Dobey and Stephen Bunting replace Michael Smith and Peter Wright

Mark Hughes is appointed manager of Carlisle Utd

Feb 7

NFL MVP – Josh Allen (Buffalo Bills)

Feb 8

Italy 22 Wales 15

England 26 France 25. Winning try scored by Elliot Daly

Feb 9

FA Cup 4th round – Plymouth 1 (Ryan Hardie) Liverpool 0

Scottish Cup 5th round – Rangers 0 Queen’s Park 1

Scotland 18 Ireland 32

Super Bowl LIX – Philadelphia Eagles 40 Kansas City Chiefs 22

MVP – Jalen Hurts

Game played at Superdome, New Orleans

Half time show headlined by Kendrick Lamar

Feb 11

Warran Gatland leaves as head coach of Wales. Matt Sherratt takes over as interim head coach

Feb 12

European Track Cycling Championships start in Belgium

The last Merseyside derby at Goodison Park finishes 2-2. James Tarkowski scores last-minute equaliser for Everton

Feb 13

Leigh bt Wigan with golden point after the first 0-0 draw in Super League history

Feb 14

Men’s individual pursuit – Josh Charlton

Feb 15

Women’s individual pursuit – Anna Morris, who broke the world record twice in a day

Omar Marmoush hat-trick for Man City against Newcastle

Jannik Sinner accepts a three-month ban from tennis after reaching a settlement with the World Anti-Doping Agency over his two positive drugs tests last year

St Helens 82 Salford 0

Feb 16

Uganda's Jacob Kiplimo becomes the first person to run a half marathon below 57 minutes

European Track Cycling Championships end. Netherlands topped the medal table

Welsh Open final – Selby bt Maguire

Irish jockey Michael O’Sullivan dies

Feb 17

First test event at Everton’s new stadium. First goal scored by Harrison Rimmer for Wigan under-18s

Feb 18

Champions League Knockout Round Play-offs – Bayern Munich bt Celtic

Feb 19

Champions League Knockout Round Play-offs – Mbappe hat-trick for Real Madrid against Man City

Feb 22

Wales 18 Ireland 27. Garry Ringrose receives a 20-minute red card

England 16 Scotland 15. Finn Russell misses a last-minute conversion

ICC Champions Trophy – England 351-8 (Duckett 165) Australia 356-5 (Inglis 120)

World Seniors Darts Championship final – Ross Montgomery bt Graham Usher

Dmitry Bivol bt Artur Beterbiev to win the undisputed light-heavyweight world title

Saudi Cup – Forever Young

Feb 23

Mirra Andreeva becomes the youngest player to claim a WTA 1000 title after the 17-year-old won the Dubai Tennis Championships

Italy 24 France 73. A championship record of 14 tries were scored in the match

Philippe Clement is sacked as manager of Rangers

Mikaela Shiffrin wins 100th Alpine skiing World Cup race

Feb 26

ICC Champions Trophy – Afghanistan 325-7 (Ibrahim Zadran 177) England 317 (Root 120)

== March ==
Mar 1

ICC Champions Trophy – England 179 South Africa 181-3

Joss Buttler resigns as captain of England

Wigan bt Warrington. Match played in Las Vegas, in first-ever Super League match played outside the UK

Australia Jillaroos 90 Great Britain Lionesses 4. Match played in Las Vegas

World Open final – John Higgins bt Joe O’Connor

Mar 2

UK Open darts final – Littler bt Wade

HSBC Women’s World Championship – Lydia Ko

Mar 4

ICC Champions Trophy semi-final – India bt Australia

Champions League round of 16 – PSV Eindhoven 1 Arsenal 7

LeBron James becomes the first player in NBA history to score 50,000 combined points (regular season and postseason)

Mar 5

ICC Champions Trophy semi-final – New Zealand bt South Africa

Mar 6

Fred Stolle dies

European Indoor Athletics Championships start in Apeldoorn, Netherlands

Mar 7

Lauren Price bt Natasha Jonas to unify the welterweight division

Mar 8

Ireland 27 France 42. Damian Penaud scores his 38th international try, to become France's joint top try scorer in test history (tied with Serge Blanco)

Scotland 35 Wales 29

Men’s 60m – Jeremiah Azu

Brian Waites dies

Mar 9

England 47 Italy 24. 100th Test cap for Jamie George

World Grand Prix final – Robertson 10 Bingham 0

ICC Champions Trophy final (Dubai) – India bt New Zealand

Player of the Series – Rachin Ravindra (New Zealand)

Men’s 3000m – Jakob Ingebritsen. Silver – George Mills

Women’s 3000m – Sarah Healy (Ireland). Silver – Melissa Courtney-Bryant

Dick McTaggart dies

Mar 11

Champion Hurdle – Golden Ace (Lorcan Williams), trained by Jeremy Scott. 2nd Burdett Road 3rd Winter Fog (150-1)

Supreme Novices Hurdle is renamed as a tribute to jockey Michael O'Sullivan

Champions League round of 16 – Paris St-Germain bt Liverpool

Foster and Partners to design new Man Utd stadium

Mar 12

Queen Mother Champion Chase – Marine Nationale

Mar 13

Stayers’ Hurdle – Bob Olinger

Ryanair Chase – Fact to File

Mar 14

Gold Cup – Inothewayurthinkin (Mark Walsh), trained by Gavin Cromwell. 2nd Galopin des Champs 3rd Gentlemansgame. Corbetts Cross suffered a fatal injury after a fall

Prestbury Cup – Ireland bt GB

Leading Jockey – Paul Townend

Leading Trainer – Willie Mullins

Mar 15

Italy 17 Ireland 22. Hat-trick for Dan Sheehan

Wales 14 England 68. Tommy Freeman scored in all five games. Two tries on debut for Henry Pollock

France 35 Scotland 16. Louis Bielle-Biarrey scored in all five games

Thomas Ramos becomes France's all-time top test points scorer, overtaking the record of 436 held by Frederic Michalak

Six Nations final table – France, England, Ireland, Scotland, Italy, Wales

Leading points scorer – Thomas Ramos (71)

Leading try scorer – Louis Bielle-Biarrey (8)

Player of the tournament – Louis Bielle-Biarrey

The Six Nations Championship concluded with 829 points and 108 tries scored across 15 matches – both new tournament records

Women’s League Cup final – Chelsea bt Man City

Women’s Premier League final – Mumbai Indians bt Delhi Capitals

Mar 16

EFL Cup final – Newcastle 2 (Burn, Isak) Liverpool 1 (Chiesa). Newcastle win first major trophy since 1969 Fairs Cup and first domestic silverware since 1955 FA Cup

Premiership Women's Rugby final – Gloucester-Hartpury bt Saracens

Premiership Rugby Cup final – Bath bt Exeter

Formula 1 teams –

Red Bull – Max Verstappen, Liam Lawson

McLaren – Lando Norris, Oscar Piastri

Ferrari – Charles Leclerc, Lewis Hamilton

Mercedes – George Russell, Andrea Kimi Antonelli (Italy)

Aston Martin – Fernando Alonso, Lance Stroll

Alpine – Pierre Gasly, Jack Doohan (Australia)

Racing Bulls – Yuki Tsunoda, Isack Hadjar (France)

Haas – Esteban Ocon, Oliver Bearman

Williams – Carlos Sainz, Alexander Albon

Sauber – Nico Hulkenberg, Gabriel Bortoleto (Brazil)

Australian GP – Norris, Verstappen, Russell. 5th Antonelli. 10th Hamilton

Indian Wells women’s final – Andreeva bt Sabalenka

Indian Wells men’s final – Draper bt Rune

The Players Championship – McIlroy bt J.J. Spaun in a play-off

Mar 20

Eddie Jordan dies

Kirsty Coventry is elected as the new president of the International Olympic Committee. 2nd Juan Antonio Samaranch Jr 3rd Sebastian Coe

Mar 21

World Indoor Athletics Championships start in Nanjing

Men’s 60m – Azu

England 2 (Lewis-Skelly, Kane) Albania 0

First game as England manager for Thomas Tuchel. Debuts for Myles Lewis-Skelly and Dan Burn

Mar 22

George Foreman dies

Women’s 400m – Amber Anning

Jon Lewis sacked as coach and Heather Knight sacked as captain of England women’s cricket team

Sprint race at Chinese GP won by Lewis Hamilton

Oscar Piastri takes pole position for the first time for the Chinese GP

Mar 23

Chinese GP – Piastri, Norris, Russell

Men’s 1500m – Ingebrigtsen. Silver – Neil Gourley

Women’s 1500m. Bronze – Georgia Hunter Bell

USA topped the medal table

Players Championship final – Kyren Wilson bt Trump

Mar 24

Morgan Rogers debut for England against Latvia. First England goal for Eberechi Eze

Mar 25

TGL final – Atlanta Drive GC bt New York GC

Mar 26

Liam Lawson swaps places with Japanese driver Yuki Tsunoda and return to Red Bull's second team, Racing Bulls, after being dropped by Red Bull after two races

Mar 27

Peter Lever dies

Alpine Ski World Cup –

Men’s overall and downhill – Marco Odermatt

Women’s overall and downhill – Federica Brignone

Mar 28

Daria Kasatkina switches her allegiance to Australia

Mar 29

Miami Open women’s final – Sabalenka bt Pegula

Miami Open men’s doubles final – Arevalo and Pavic bt Cash and Glasspool

World Figure Skating Championships (Boston) –

Men – Ilia Malinin (USA)

Women – Aylsa Liu (USA)

Pairs – Riku Miura and Ryuichi Kihara (Japan)

Ice dance – Madison Chock and Evan Bates (USA). Bronze – Lilah Fear and Lewis Gibson

Mar 30

Scottish Challenge Cup final –Livingston bt Queen’s Park

Men’s Ski Jumping World Cup – Daniel Tschofenig

Women’s Ski Jumping World Cup – Nika Prevc

Freestyle Ski and Snowboard World Championships (St Moritz) –

Women’s ski halfpipe – Zoe Atkin

Women’s snowboard cross. Silver – Charlotte Bankes

Lincoln Handicap – Godwinson

Miami Open men’s final – Jakub Mensik (Czech Republic) bt Djokovic

Rory McIlroy becomes the second golfer after Tiger Woods to exceed $100m (£77m) in career earnings on the PGA Tour

== April ==
Apr 1

Charlotte Edwards is appointed head coach of England women’s cricket team

Apr 3

Aintree Hurdle – Lossiemouth

Apr 4

Melling Chase – Jonbon

Topham Chase – Gentleman De Mee

Apr 5

Grand National – Nick Rockett (Patrick Mullins), trained by Willie Mullins 2nd I Am Maximus 3rd Grangeclare West

Willie Mullins trained the horses that finished first, second, third, fifth and seventh

Celebre d’Allen died following the race. Jockey Michael Nolan was handed a 10-day suspension

Champions Cup round of 16 – Toulon 72 Saracens 42

Champions Cup round of 16 – Leinster 62 Harlequins 0

Dubai World Cup – Hit Show

Apr 6

Japanese GP – Verstappen, Norris, Piastri

Somerset 670-7 (Banton 371) vs Worcestershire

Southampton are the first Premier League side to be relegated with seven games left after losing to Spurs

Tour Championship snooker final – Higgins bt Selby

Alex Ovechkin becomes the National Hockey League's highest all-time scorer by hitting his 895th career goal to surpass Wayne Gretzky's 31-year mark

Apr 7

Harry Brook is named England white-ball captain

Apr 9

Masters par 3 contest – Nicolas Echavarria

Apr 11

Jimmy Anderson is awarded a knighthood in Rishi Sunak's resignation honours list

Apr 12

Semi-automated offsides start in Premier League

Scottish Grand National – Captain Cody

Apr 13

Bahrain GP – Piastri, Russell, Norris

The Masters – McIlroy 2nd Rose 3rd Reed

McIlroy won on first play-off hole

The Boat Race – Cambridge win men’s and women’s races

EFL Trophy final – Peterborough bt Birmingham. Currently known as the Vertu Trophy for sponsorship reasons

Apr 14

Jackson Page becomes the first player to make a maximum 147 break twice in one match in qualifier for the World Snooker Championship, winning £147,000

Apr 15

Champions League quarter-finals – PSG bt Aston Villa, Barcelona bt Borussia Dortmund

Apr 16

Champions League quarter-finals – Arsenal bt Real Madrid, Inter Milan bt Bayern Munich

Apr 17

Europa League quarter-final – Athletic Bilbao bt Rangers, Man Utd bt Lyon 5-4 (7-6 on aggregate)

Apr 19

Fourteen-year-old Vaibhav Suryavanshi hits his first ball for six having become the youngest player to ever feature in the Indian Premier League

World Snooker Championship first round – Lei Peifan bt Kyren Wilson

Apr 20

Saudi Arabia GP – Piastri, Verstappen, Leclerc

Apr 21

Leeds Utd 6 (Joel Piroe 4) Stoke 0. Leeds are promoted to the Premier League

Irish Grand National – Haiti Couleurs

Wisden leading cricketers in the world – Jasprit Bumrah and Smriti Mandhana

Cricketers of the Year – Gus Atkinson, Liam Dawson, Sophie Ecclestone, Jamie Smith, Dan Worrall

World's leading T20 player – Nicholas Pooran

Laureus World Sports Awards –

Sportsman of the Year award – Armand Duplantis

Sportswoman of the Year award – Simone Biles

Team of the Year award – Real Madrid

Breakthrough of the Year award – Lamine Yamal

Comeback of the Year award – Rebeca Andrade

Sportsperson of the Year with a Disability award – Yuyan Jiang (Chinese para swimmer)

Action Sportsperson of the Year award – Tom Pidcock

Sport for Good award – Kick4Life (football in Lesotho)

Apr 24

World Snooker Championship first round – Ben Woolaston bt Mark Selby

Apr 25

World Snooker Championship second round – Mark Allen 147 against Chris Wakelin

Apr 26

FA Cup semi-final – Crystal Palace bt Aston Villa

Women's Six Nations – England 43 France 42

England win a fourth consecutive Women's Six Nations Grand Slam and a seventh straight title

Top points scorer –

Morgane Bourgeois (France) 73

Top try scorer – Abby Dow (England) 6

Chris Eubank Jr bt Conor Benn. Fight held at Tottenham Hotspur Stadium

Apr 27

London Marathon –

Men’s – Sabastian Sawe (Kenya). 14th Alex Yee

Women’s – Tigst Assefa (Ethiopia) in a women's-only record time. 8th Eilish McColgan

Men’s wheelchair – Marcel Hug (Switzerland). Seventh win

Women’s wheelchair – Catherine Debrunner (Switzerland)

FA Cup semi-final – Man City bt Nottingham Forest

Liverpool 5 Spurs 1. Liverpool win 20th title

Women’s Champions League semi-finals – Barcelona bt Chelsea 8-2 on aggregate, Arsenal bt Lyon

Gloucester 79 Exeter17

NFL draft first pick – Cam Ward (Tennessee Titans)

Chevron Championship – Mao Saigo (Japan)

EFL Awards –

Championship Manager of the Year – Scott Parker (Burnley)

Championship Player of the Year – Gustavo Hamer (Sheffield Utd)

Championship Young Player of the Year – Jobe Bellingham (Sunderland)

Apr 28

Rajasthan Royals' 14-year-old batter Vaibhav Suryavanshi becomes the youngest player to hit a century in men's T20s

Apr 29

Nat Sciver-Brunt is appointed as captain of England women’s cricket team

== May ==
May 2

Gregg Popovich steps down from his position as head coach of the San Antonio Spurs after 29 seasons with the team

May 3

2000 Guineas – Ruling Court (William Buick), trained by Charlie Appleby

Kentucky Derby – Sovereignty

World Snooker Championship semi-finals – Zhao Xintong bt O’Sullivan 17-7, Williams bt Trump 17-14

Kimi Antonelli, aged 18, becomes the youngest driver to take a Formula 1 pole position in the sprint event at the Miami Grand Prix

British jump trainers' championship – Willie Mullins

British jump jockeys' championship – Sean Bowen

European Champions Cup semi-final – Leinster 34 Northampton 37

May 4

1000 Guineas – Desert Flower (William Buick), trained by Charlie Appleby

Madrid Open men’s final – Ruud bt Draper

European Champions Cup semi-final – Bordeaux bt Toulouse

Peter McParland dies

Miami GP – Piastri, Norris, Russell

World Rugby Sevens Series (SVNS) – Argentina

May 5

World Snooker Championship final – Zhao Xintong bt Williams 18-12

Jochen Mass dies

May 6

Champions League semi-final – Inter Milan bt Barcelona 7-6 on aggregate

May 7

Champions League semi-final – PSG bt Arsenal

Argentine Franco Colapinto will drive for Alpine for the next five Grands Prix, replacing Jack Doohan

NHL expansion team Utah Hockey Club are renamed Utah Mammoth

May 8

Europa League semi-finals – Spurs bt Bodo / Glint (Norway), Man Utd bt Athletic Bilbao

Europa Conference League semi-final – Chelsea bt Djurgarden (Sweden), Real Betis bt Fiorentina

May 9

FWA Footballer of the Year – Mo Salah

Women’s Award – Alessia Russo (Arsenal)

Giro d’Italia starts in Durres, Albania

May 10

World Snooker Tour Player of the Year – Judd Trump

Saracens 75 Newcastle 28

Women’s Super League – Chelsea. Sixth successive title

May 11

FA Trophy final – Aldershot Town bt Spennymoor Town

FA Vase final – Whitstable Town bt AFC Whyteleafe

World Snooker Seniors Championship final – Alfie Burden bt Aaron Canavan

Badminton Horse Trials – Rosalind Canter, riding Lordships Graffalo

May 12

Real Madrid manager Carlo Ancelotti will leave at the end of the season to become the new national team coach of Brazil

May 17

FA Cup final – Crystal Palace 1 (Eze) Man City 0. Henderson saved a penalty from Marmoush

Italian Open women’s final – Paolini bt Gauff

Preakness Stakes – Journalism

May 18

Women’s FA Cup final – Chelsea bt Man Utd

Italian Open men’s final – Alcaraz bt Sinner

Everton 2 (Ndiaye 2) Southampton 0. Final Premier League match at Goodison Park. The new arena at Bramley Moore Dock is now known as the Hill Dickinson Stadium

Jamie Vardy scores his 200th goal for Leicester City in his 500th - and final - appearance for the club

Emilia-Romagna Grand Prix (Imola) – Verstappen, Norris, Piastri

US PGA Championship (Quail Hollow) – Scheffler. 2nd DeChambeau, Harris English, Davis Riley

World Squash Championships (Chicago). Men – Mostafa Asal (Egypt). Women – Nour El Sherbini (Egypt). 8th title for El Sherbini

Super League Basketball Championship final – Leicester Riders bt Newcastle Eagles

Women's Super League play-off final – Sheffield Hatters bt Oaklands Wolves

May 20

Nino Benvenuti dies

May 21

Europa League final (Bilbao) – Spurs 1 (Johnson) Man Utd 0

May 22

Sam Cook makes debut for England against Zimbabwe

May 23

European Challenge Cup final (Cardiff) – Bath bt Lyon

May 24

Championship play-off final – Sunderland 2 Sheffield Utd 1. Winning goal scored by Tom Watson

Promoted – Leeds, Burnley, Sunderland

Relegated – Luton, Plymouth, Cardiff

Leading scorer – Joel Piroe (Leeds) 19 goals

Burnley only conceded 16 goals, and did not concede more than one goal in any match

Scottish Cup final – Aberdeen bt Celtic

Women’s Champions League final (Lisbon) – Arsenal 1 (Blackstenius) Barcelona 0

Champions Cup final (Cardiff) – Bordeaux 28 Northampton 20. Man-of-the-match – Maxime Lucu

Premier League player of the season – Mo Salah

One-off Test (Trent Bridge) England 565-6 dec (Pope 171, Duckett 140, Crawley 124) Zimbabwe 265 (Bennett 139) and 255 (Bashir 6-81). England won by an innings and 45 runs

May 25

Premier League – Liverpool. 2nd Arsenal. 3rd Man City

Relegated – Leicester, Ipswich, Southampton

Leading Scorer – Mo Salah (Liverpool) 29 goals

Southampton ended the season with 12 points, one more than Derby County's record Premier League low total of 11 points from 2007-08

League One play-off final – Charlton bt Leyton Orient

Promoted – Birmingham, Wrexham, Charlton

Relegated – Bristol Rovers, Crawley, Cambridge, Shrewsbury

Leading scorer – Charlie Kelman (Leyton Orient) 21 goals

Birmingham ended the season with an EFL record 111 points

Monaco GP – Norris, Leclerc, Piastri

Xabi Alonso leaves Bayer Leverkusen to become manager of Real Madrid

Erik Ten Hag is appointed head coach of Bayer Leverkusen

Indianapolis 500 – Alex Palou

Pakistan Super League final – Lahore Qalandars bt Quetta Gladiators

Men's Ice Hockey World Championships – USA

World’s strongest man – Rayno Nel (South Africa)

May 26

League Two play-off final – Wimbledon bt Walsall

Promoted – Doncaster, Port Vale, Bradford City, Wimbledon

Relegated – Carlisle, Morecambe

Leading scorer – Michael Cheek (Bromley)

Scottish Premiership – Celtic. 2nd Rangers

Relegated – St. Johnstone, Ross County

Leading scorer – Cyriel Dessers (Rangers)

Scottish Premiership play-off – Livingston bt Ross County

Scottish Championship – Falkirk

Scottish League One – Arbroath

Scottish League Two – Peterhead

Highland League – Brora Rangers

Lowland League – East Kilbride

Scottish League Two play-off final – East Kilbride bt Bonnyrigg Rose

European Artistic Gymnastics Championships start in Leipzig

May 27

Premier League Manager of the Season – Arne Slot

League Managers Association manager of the year – Arne Slot

Serie A – Napoli. MVP – Scott McTominay (Napoli)

La Liga – Barcelona

Bundesliga – Bayern Munich

Primeira Liga – Sporting CP

Ligue 1 – Paris St-Germain

Eredivisie – PSV Eindhoven

World Women's Snooker Championship – Bai Yulu

Men’s Team gymnastics – GB

May 28

Europa Conference League final (Wroclaw) – Chelsea 4 Real Betis 1

French Open women’s singles second round – Swiatek bt Radacanu

Mixed Team. Silver – GB (Jake Jarman and Ruby Evans)

May 29

French Open women’s singles second round – Keys bt Boulter

Premier League Darts finals night (O2 Arena). Semi-finals – Humphries bt Aspinall, Littler bt Price. Final – Humphries bt Littler

May 30

Men’s Floor – Luke Whitehouse. Silver – Harry Hepworth

Jeremie Frimpong moves from Bayer Leverkusen to Liverpool

May 31

Champions League final (Munich) – Paris St-Germain 5 Inter Milan 0. Desire Doue scores two goals and was named man of the match

Bath finish top of Premiership Rugby. Newcastle Falcons finish bottom

A-League Grand Final – Melbourne City bt Melbourne Victory

French Open men’s singles third round – Norrie bt Fearnley

Men’s vault. Silver – Jake Jarman

== June ==
Jun 1

National League Promotion Play-offs final – Oldham bt Southend

National League champions – Barnet

Spanish GP – Piastri, Russell, Leclerc

Joe Root becomes England's leading run-scorer in ODI cricket, overtaking Eoin Morgan (6,957 runs)

U.S. Women’s Open – Maja Stark (Sweden)

Giro d’Italia – Simon Yates (Visma-Lease a Bike)

Jun 2

French Open men’s singles fourth round – Djokovic bt Norrie, Bublik bt Draper

Jun 3

Premiership Rugby player of the year – Tomos Williams (Gloucester)

Premiership Women's Rugby player of the year – Meg Jones (Leicester)

England player of the year – Tommy Freeman (Northampton)

England women player of the year – Zoe Aldcroft (Gloucester-Hartpury)

Breakthrough player of the season – Henry Pollock (Northampton)

Indian Premier League final – Royal Challengers Bengaluru bt Punjab Kings

Player of the series – Suryakumar Yadav (Mumbai Indians)

Most runs (Orange Cap) – Sai Sudharsan (Gujarat Titans)

Most wickets (Purple Cap) – Prasidh Krishna (Gujarat Titans)

UEFA Nations League semi-final – Portugal bt Germany

Jun 5

French Open women’s semi-finals – Sabalenka bt Swiatek, Gauff bt Lois Boisson (France)

Lois Boisson was a wildcard and world number 361

French Open mixed doubles final – Errani and Vavassori bt Townsend and King

UEFA Nations League semi-final – Spain 5 France 4

Russell Martin is appointed as manager of Rangers

Jun 6

French Open men’s semi-finals – Alcaraz bt Musetti, Sinner bt Djokovic

Ange Postecoglou sacked as manager of Spurs

Premiership Rugby semi-final – Bath bt Bristol

The Oaks – Minnie Hauk (Ryan Moore), trained by Aidan O’Brien

Jun 7

Epsom Derby – Lambourn (Wayne Lordan), trained by Aidan O’Brien. 2nd Lazy Griff 3rd Tennessee

French Open women’s final – Gauff bt Sabalenka

French Open men’s doubles final – Granollers and Zeballos bt Salisbury and Skupski

Premiership Rugby semi-final – Leicester bt Sale

Women’s Challenge Cup final – Wigan bt St Helens

Challenge Cup final – Hull KR bt Warrington. Lance Todd trophy – Marc Sneyd (Warrington)

Belmont Stakes – Sovereignty

Jun 8

French Open men’s final – Alcaraz bt Sinner. The match lasted five hours and 29 minutes - the longest French Open final in history

French Open women’s doubles final – Errani and Paolini bt Danilina and Krunic

UEFA Nations League final – Portugal 2 Spain 2. Portugal won on penalties

Jun 9

Uriah Rennie dies

Jun 10

England 1 Senegal 3. First time that England have lost to an African nation. Match played at City Ground, Nottingham

First summer transfer window closes –

Matheus Cunha moves from Wolves to Man Utd

Dean Huisjen moves from Bournemouth to Real Madrid

Rayan Ait-Nouri moves from Wolves to Man City

Rayan Cherki moves from Lyon to Man City

Tijjani Reijnders moves from AC Milan to Man City

Liam Delap moves from Ipswich to Chelsea

Jobe Bellingham moves from Sunderland to Borussia Dortmund

Nicholas Pooran retires from international cricket

Jun 12

Kevin de Bruyne moves from Man City to Napoli

Trent Alexander-Arnold moves from Liverpool to Real Madrid

Brentford manager Thomas Frank moves to Spurs

Patrick Reed makes albatross in first round of US Open

Aaron Rodgers moves from New York Jets to Pittsburgh Steelers

Jun 14

ICC World Test Championship final (Lord’s) – Australia 212 (Rabada 5-51) and 207 South Africa 138 (Cummins 6-28) and 282-5 (Markram 136). South Africa won by five wickets

Premiership Rugby final – Bath 23 Leicester 21. Man of the match – Guy Pepper. Bath’s first title since 1996

Premiership Rugby top try scorer – Ollie Hassell-Collins (Leicester), Gabriel Ibitoye (Bristol) 13 tries

Premiership Rugby top points scorer – Finn Russell (Bath) 156 points

United Rugby Championship final – Leinster bt Bulls

World Cup of Darts second round – Germany bt England (Littler and Humphries)

King’s Birthday Honours –

Knighthood – David Beckham, Billy Boston

CBE – Virginia Wade

OBE – Deta Hedman, Devon Malcolm

MBE – Luke Littler, Luke Humphries, Michael Dunlop

Jun 15

Canadian GP – Russell, Verstappen, Antonelli. First podium for Antonelli

WTA Queen's Club Championships final – Tatjana Maria (Germany) bt Amanda Anisimova (USA)

World Cup of Darts final – Northern Ireland (Gurney and Rock) bt Wales (Price and Clayton)

US Open (Oakmont) – Spaun. 2nd Macintyre. 3rd Hovland

Le Mans 24 Hours – Ferrari 499P (Robert Kubica, Yifei Ye, Phil Hanson)

FIFA Club World Cup Group C – Bayern Munich 10 Auckland City 0

English Greyhound Derby – Droopys Plunge

Jun 17

St James’s Palace Stakes – Field of Gold

Stanley Cup finals – Florida Panthers bt Edmonton Oilers

Finals MVP – Sam Bennett

Regular season MVP – Connor Hellebuyck (Winnipeg Jets)

Regular season top scorer – Nikita Kucherov (Tampa Bay Lightning)

Jun 18

Prince of Wales's Stakes – Ombudsman

Royal Hunt Cup – My Cloud

Jun 19

Gold Cup – Trawlerman (William Buick)

King George V Stakes – Merchant

Jun 20

Coronation Stakes – Cercene

Leading jockey at Ascot – Ryan Moore

Leading trainer at Ascot – John and Thady Gosden

Florian Wirtz moves from Bayer Leverkusen to Liverpool for £116 million

British and Irish Lions 24 Argentina 28. Match played in Dublin

Ian McLauchlan dies

Jun 21

ATP Queen's Club Championships semi-finals – Jiri Lehecka (Czech Republic) bt Draper, Alcaraz bt Bautista Agut

Ian McLauchlan dies

Super Rugby Pacific final – Crusaders bt Chiefs

Jun 22

ATP Queen's Club Championships final – Alcaraz bt Lehecka

ATP Queen's Club Championships doubles final – Cash and Glasspool bt Mektic and Venus

David ‘Syd’ Lawrence dies

NBA finals – Oklahoma City Thunder bt Indiana Pacers

Finals MVP – Shai Gilgeous-Alexander (Oklahoma City Thunder)

Regular season MVP – Shai Gilgeous-Alexander

Regular season top scorer – Shai Gilgeous-Alexander

Women’s PGA Championship – Minjee Lee

Hickstead Derby – Robert Whitaker

Jun 24

Anderson–Tendulkar Trophy is awarded to the winner of each Test cricket series between England and India

First Test (Headingley) India 471 (Gill 147, Pant 134, Jaiswal 101) and 364 (Rahul 137, Pant 118) England 465 (Pope 106, Brook 99, Bumrah 5-83) & 373-5 (Duckett 149) England won by five wickets

Josh Tongue took three wickets in four balls

Jun 25

18-year-old Cooper Flagg is selected with the first overall pick by Dallas Mavericks in the NBA draft

Jun 26

Milos Kerkez moves from Bournemouth to Liverpool

Jun 27

Keith Andrews is appointed as manager of Brentford

Ruud van Nistelrooy is sacked as manager of Leicester City

Barry Hills dies

Jun 28

British and Irish Lions bt Western Force in the first game of their tour of Australia

Tomos Williams sustains a hamstring injury ruling him out for the rest of the tour, leaving Jac Morgan as the only Welsh player in the squad

Women’s T20 – India 210-5 (Mandhana 112) England 113

UEFA U21 Championship final (Bratislava) – England 3 Germany 2. Winning goal scored by Jonathan Rowe

Player of the tournament – Harvey Elliott

Eastbourne International women’s final – Joint bt Eala

Eastbourne International men’s final – Fritz bt Brooksby

Top 14 final – Toulouse bt Bordeaux-Begles

Jun 29

Wayne Larkins dies

Austrian GP – Norris, Piastri, Leclerc. 8th Bortoleto, scoring his first points in Formula 1

Irish Derby – Lambourn

Jun 30

Surrey 820-9 dec (Sibley 305) against Durham

FIFA Club World Cup Last 16 – Al-Hilal 4 Man City 3

== July ==
Jul 2

UEFA Women's Euro 2025 starts in Switzerland

Wimbledon men’s singles second round – Alvarez bt Oliver Tarvet

Jarell Quansah moves from Liverpool to Bayer Leverkusen

Joao Pedro moves from Brighton to Chelsea

Jul 3

Diogo Jota dies

Wimbledon men’s singles second round – Djokovic bt Evans, Cilic bt Draper

Jul 4

Wimbledon women’s singles third round – Sabalenka bt Radacanu

Jul 5

Coral-Eclipse Stakes – Delacroix

Tour de France Grand Depart takes place in Lille

Group D – France 2 England 1

Kyle Walker moves from Man City to Burnley

Jul 6

British GP – Norris, Piastri, Hulkenberg. First-ever podium for Hulkenberg

Second Test (Edgbaston) India 587 (Gill 269) and 428-6 dec (Gill 161) England 407 (Brook 158, Smith 184, Siraj 6-70) and 271 (Deep 6-99) India won by 336 runs

Wimbledon women’s singles fourth round – Anastasia Pavlyuchenkova bt Sonay Kartal

Netball Super League grand final – London Pulse bt Loughborough Lightning

Copa America final (Houston) – Mexico bt USA

Martin Zubimendi moves from Real Sociedad to Arsenal

Jul 7

South Africa’s captain Wiann Mulder declares on 367 not out against Zimbabwe

Jul 8

Wimbledon men’s singles quarter-final – Alcaraz bt Norrie

FIFA Club World Cup semi-final – Chelsea 2 Fluminense 0. Joao Pedro scores both goals on his Chelsea debut

Jul 9

Laurent Mekies replaces Christian Horner as team principal at Red Bull

FIFA Club World Cup semi-final – PSG 4 Real Madrid 0

Group D – England 4 Netherlands 0

State of Origin – Queensland Maroons bt New South Wales Blues

Jul 10

Mohammed Kudus moves from West Ham to Spurs for £55 million

Wimbledon women’s singles semi-finals – Anisimova bt Sabalenka, Swiatek bt Bencic

Wimbledon mixed doubles final – Siniakova and Verbeek bt Stefani and Salisbury

Jul 11

World Aquatics Championships start in Singapore

Wimbledon men’s singles semi-finals – Alcaraz bt Fritz, Sinner bt Djokovic

Joe Root breaks Rahul Dravid’s record of 210 Test match catches by a non-wicketkeeper

Crystal Palace demoted from Europa League over ownership rules

Anthony Elanga moves from Nottingham Forest to Newcastle

Jul 12

Wimbledon women’s singles final – Swiatek bt Anisimova 6-0 6-0. First double bagel in a Wimbledon final since 1911

Wimbledon men’s doubles final – Cash and Glasspool bt Hijikata and Pel. First all-British pair to win the men's doubles since 1936

Men’s doubles wheelchair – De La Puente and Spaargaren bt Hewett and Reid

Women’s wheelchair – Wang Ziying

Wales rugby union team break 18-match losing run with win in Japan

Jul 13

Wimbledon men’s singles final – Sinner bt Alcaraz

Wimbledon women’s doubles final – Kudermetova and Mertens bt Hsieh and Ostapenko

Men’s wheelchair – Oda bt Hewett

Scottish Open – Chris Gotterup (USA)

Evian Championship – Grace Kim. 3rd Lottie Woad

FIFA Club World Cup final (MetLife Stadium, New Jersey) – Chelsea 3 (Palmer 2, Joao Pedro) PSG 0

Group D – England 6 Wales 1

Jul 14

Third Test (Lord’s) England 387 (Root 104, Bumrah 5-74) and 192 India 387 (Rahul 100) and 170 England won by 22 runs

Ben Healy becomes the first Irish rider to claim the yellow jersey in the Tour de France for 38 years

Australia bowl out West Indies for 27, just one run more than New Zealand's 26 all out against England in 1955. Mitchell Starc took 6-9, including his 400th Test wicket

Jul 17

Canada forward Olivia Smith becomes the most expensive signing in women's football history by completing a £1m move to Arsenal from Liverpool

Quarter-final – England 2 (Bronze, Agyemang) Sweden 2. England win 3-2 on penalties

Nine of the 14 penalties in the shootout were missed

Ruth Chepngetich, the women's marathon world record holder, is provisionally suspended after testing positive for a banned substance

Jul 18

Noni Madueke moves from Chelsea to Arsenal

Sean Longstaff moves from Newcastle to Leeds

Jul 19

First Test (Suncorp Stadium, Brisbane) – Australia 19 British and Irish Lions 27

First Lions try scored by Sione Tuipulotu

Oleksandr Usyk stops Daniel Dubois to reclaim undisputed heavyweight title

Quarter-final – Germany 1 France 1. Germany win 6-5 on penalties

Hole in one for John Parry at The Open Championship

Jul 20

The Open Championship (Royal Portrush) – Scheffler. 2nd English. 3rd Gotterup

All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship final – Tipperary bt Cork

Jul 21

Bryan Mbeumo moves from Brentford to Man Utd for £65 million

Jul 22

Semi-final – England 2 (Agyemang, Kelly) Italy 1

Joey Jones dies

British and Irish Lions bt First Nations & Pacifica XV

Jul 23

Semi-final – Spain 1 Germany 0

Championship League Snooker final – Maguire bt O’Connor

Hugo Ekitike moves from Eintracht Frankfurt Liverpool for £69 million

Marcus Rashford moves from Man Utd to Barcelona on loan

Jul 24

Hulk Hogan dies

Jul 25

Root overtakes Kallis, Dravid and Ponting to go second in all-time Test run-scorers' list

Jul 26

Second Test (MCG) – Australia 26 British and Irish Lions 29. Winning try scored by Hugo Keenan

King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes – Calandagan

Ray French dies

Viktor Gyokeres moves from Sporting to Arsenal for £64 million

Jul 27

UEFA Women’s Euro final (Basel) – England 1 (Russo) Spain 1 (Caldentey). England won 3-1 on penalties. Winning penalty scored by Chloe Kelly. Player of the Match – Hannah Hampton

Top scorer – Esther Gonzalez (Spain) 4 goals

Best player – Aitana Bonmati (Spain)

Best young player – Michelle Agyemang

Tour de France – 1st Tadej Pogacar (UAE Team Emirates XRG) 2nd Jonas Vingegaard 3rd Florian Lipowitz 4th Oscar Onley

Points – Jonathan Milan

Mountains – Tadej Pogacar

Youth – Florian Lipowitz

Combativity – Ben Healy

Team – Visma-Lease a Bike

Belgium GP – Piastri, Norris, Leclerc

Fourth Test (Old Trafford) India 358 (Stokes 5-72) and 425-4 (Jadeja 107*, Gill 103, Sundar 101*) England 669 (Root 150, Stokes 141) Match drawn

World Matchplay final – Littler bt Wade. Littler completes the Triple Crown of World Championship, Premier League, and World Matchplay

Women’s World Matchplay final – Ashton bt Sherrock

Formula E World Championship – Oliver Rowland (Nissan)

All-Ireland Senior Football Championship final – Kerry bt Donegal

Senior Open Championship – Padraig Harrington

Lottie Woad wins Women’s Scottish Open on professional debut

Jul 28

Morecambe are suspended from the National League

Jul 29

Goodwood Cup – Scandinavia

James Trafford moves from Burnley to Man City

Joao Felix moves from Chelsea to Al-Nassr

Women’s 3m synchronised springboard. Silver – GB (Scarlet Mew Jensen and Yasmin Harper)

Jul 30

Leon Marchand breaks Ryan Lochte’s 200m medley world record

Sussex Stakes – Qirat, at odds of 150-1

Luis Diaz moves from Liverpool to Bayern Munich for £65 million

Granit Xhaka moves from Bayer Leverkusen to Sunderland

Jul 31

Nassau Stakes – Whirl

Men’s 100m freestyle – David Popovici

Popovici retained the titles in the 100m and 200m freestyle events

== August ==
Aug 1

Yu Zidi, aged 12, becomes the youngest swimmer in history to win a medal at the World Aquatics Championships

Men’s 4x200m freestyle relay – GB (Richards, Guy, McMillan, Scott)

Aug 2

Third Test (Stadium Australia, Sydney) Australia 22 British and Irish Lions 12. Lions win series 2-1

Top tour try scorer – Duhan van de Merwe (5)

Top tour points scorer – Finn Russell (44)

Top points scorer for Lions in Test matches – Finn Russell (15)

Top points scorer for Australia in Test matches – Tom Lynagh (14)

Women's Rugby World Cup warm-up – England 97 Spain 7

Men’s 50m freestyle – Cameron McEvoy (Australia). Silver – Ben Proud

Women’s 800m freestyle – Katie Ledecky. Seventh consecutive win

Aug 3

AIG Women's Open (Royal Porthcawl) – Miyu Yamashita (Japan). 2nd Charley Hull

Hungarian GP – Norris, Piastri, Russell

Shanghai Masters final – Kyren Wilson bt Carter

Tour de France Femmes – Pauline Ferrand Prevot

China finished top of the medal table at the World Aquatics Championships

Summer McIntosh won four gold medals

Aug 4

Fifth Test (The Oval) – India 224 (Atkinson 5-33) and 396 (Jaiswal 118, Tongue 5-125) England 247 and 367 (Brook 111, Root 105, Siraj 5-104). India won by six runs. Series drawn 2-2

Chris Woakes came out to bat with his arm in a sling to support Gus Atkinson when England needed 17 to win

Aug 6

Son Heung-min moves from Spurs to Los Angeles FC

Steve Tandy appointed as head coach of Wales rugby union team

Aug 7

Benjamin Sesko moves from RB Leipzig to Man Utd for £74 million

Canadian Open – Victoria Mboko, a wildcard who began the year ranked 333rd in the world

Aug 9

Darwin Nunez moves from Liverpool to Al-Hilal

Arlington Million – Fort Washington

Aug 10

Community Shield – Crystal Palace bt Liverpool. Hugo Ekitike and Jeremie Frimpong score on debut for Liverpool

Hull FC 80 Salford 6

Aug 12

Red Bull take over Newcastle Falcons

Former Premier League referee David Coote is given an eight-week suspension by the Football Association for comments made about Jurgen Klopp on social media

Jack Grealish moves from Man City to Everton on loan

Aug 13

UEFA Super Cup (Udine) – PSG bt Spurs

Aug 15

First goal in Premier League – Hugo Ekitike for Liverpool against Bournemouth

Premier League shirt sponsors: Burnley – 96.com, Leeds Utd – Red Bull, Nottingham Forest – Bally’s, Sunderland – W88, West Ham – BoyleSports

Ronnie O'Sullivan compiles two 147 breaks in his victory over Chris Wakelin in the semi-finals of the Saudi Arabia Masters

Aug 16

Former Australia Test captain and coach Bob Simpson dies

First red card in Premier League – Ezri Konsa for Aston Villa against Newcastle

Oval Invincibles score 226-4 in The Hundred. Highest-ever score in the competition

Saudi Arabia Masters final – Robertson bt O’Sullivan

Dango Ouattara moves from Bournemouth to Brentford

Aug 17

Jacob Ramsey moves from Aston Villa to Newcastle

LIV Golf individual champion – Jon Rahm

BMW Championship – Scheffler. 2nd MacIntyre

Aug 19

PFA Awards –

Men’s player of the year – Mo Salah

Men’s young player of the year – Morgan Rogers

Women’s player of the year – Mariona Caldentey

Women's young player of the year – Olivia Smith

US Open mixed doubles matches are played in best-of-three-sets with short sets to four games, no-advantage scoring, tiebreakers at four-all, and a 10-point match tiebreak in lieu of a third set

US Open mixed doubles round of 16 – Pegula and Draper bt Raducanu and Alcaraz

Aug 20

Panjab Warriors purchase Morecambe FC. Ashvir Singh Johal becomes the first Sikh to take charge of a professional British club with his appointment as Morecambe manager

US Open mixed doubles semi-finals – Swiatek and Ruud bt Pegula and Draper

Final – Errani and Vavassori bt Swiatek and Ruud

Fluminense goalkeeper Fabio makes his 1391st appearance in men’s football, breaking Peter Shilton’s world record

Aug 22

Women’s Rugby World Cup Pool A (Stadium of Light) – England 69 United States 7. First try scored by Sadia Kabeya

Aug 23

Eberechi Eze moves from Crystal Palace to Arsenal for £60 million

15-year-old Max Dowman makes debut for Arsenal

Scotland bt Wales. Hat-trick for Francesca McGhie

Julia Schell scores six tries for Canada against Fiji

Vuelta a Espana starts in Turin

Aug 24

Iliman Ndiaye scores first goal in Premier League at Everton’s new stadium, against Brighton

Tour Championship and FedEx Cup – Tommy Fleetwood. First PGA Tour win

Aug 25

16-year-old Rio Ngumoha scores winning goal for Liverpool against Newcastle Utd

Tyler Dibling moves from Southampton to Everton

Angela Mortimer dies

Aug 26

Champions League play-offs – Kairat Almaty bt Celtic

Aug 27

Carabao Cup – Grimsby 2 Man Utd 2. Grimsby won 12-11 on penalties. Bryan Mbuemo missed the last penalty

Carabao Cup – Oxford Utd 0 Brighton 6

Champions League play-offs – Club Brugge 6 Rangers 0. Club Brugge won 9-1 on aggregate

Aug 28

Diamond League Final (Weltklasse, Zurich)

Men’s 100m – Christian Coleman

Men’s 200m – Noah Lyles

Men’s 400m – Jacory Patterson

Men’s 800m – Emmanuel Wanyonyi. 2nd Max Burgin

Men’s 400m hurdles – Karsten Warholm

Men’s high jump – Hamish Kerr

Men’s pole vault – Armand Duplantis

Men’s shot put – Jo Kovacs

Women’s 100m – Julien Alfred

Women’s 200m – Brittany Brown

Women’s 800m – Audrey Werro. 2nd Georgia Hunter Bell

Women’s 400m hurdles – Femke Bol

Women’s pole vault – Katie Moon

Women's discus – Valerie Allman

Morgan Lake becomes the first British woman to break two metres in the high jump

Aug 29

US Open third round – Rybakina bt Radacanu, Djokovic bt Norrie

Xavi Simons moves from RB Leipzig to Spurs

Aug 30

The Hundred – Davina Perrin hits 101 off 43 balls for Northern Superchargers

Women’s Rugby World Cup Pool A (Franklin’s Gardens) – England 92 Samoa 3

Women’s Rugby World Cup Pool A – USA 31 Australia 31

Alejandro Garnacho moves from Man Utd to Chelsea

Nick Woltemade moves from Stuttgart to Newcastle Utd for £69 million

Aug 31

Dutch GP – Piastri, Verstappen, Hadjar. First podium for Hadjar

The Hundred finals (Lord’s). Men’s – Oval Invincibles bt Trent Rockets. Women’s – Northern Superchargers bt Southern Brave

Third successive win for Oval Invincibles Men

Southern Brave Women had won all eight group matches

Men: most runs – Jordan Cox (Oval Invincibles), most wickets – Josh Tongue (Manchester Originals)

Women: most runs – Phoebe Litchfield (Northern Superchargers), most wickets – Lauren Bell (Southern Brave)

Men’s player of the series – Jordan Cox (Oval Invincibles)

Women’s player of the series – Phoebe Litchfield (Northern Superchargers)

Women’s Rugby World Cup Pool D – France 84 Brazil 5

IndyCar Series – Alex Palou (Chip Ganassi Racing). Fourth win

== September ==
Sep 1

Transfer deadline day –

Alexander Isak moves from Newcastle to Liverpool for a British record £125m

Yoane Wissa moves from Brentford to Newcastle

Senne Lammens moves from Royal Antwerp to Man Utd

Kevin moves from Shakhtar Donetsk to Fulham

Antony moves from Man Utd to Real Betis

Jamie Vardy moves from Leicester to Cremonese

Joe Bugner dies

Europe make just one change to the Ryder Cup side that beat the United States in 2023, with Rasmus Hojgaard replacing his twin brother Nicolai

Sep 2

Sonny Baker concedes 76 runs in seven overs in England ODI debut against South Africa

Ederson moves from Man City to Fenerbache

Gianluigi Donnarumma moves from Paris St-Germain to Man City

Sep 3

US Open women’s quarter-final – Anisimova bt Swiatek

Sep 4

US Open women’s semi-finals – Sabalenka bt Pegula, Anisimova bt Osaka

Sep 5

US Open men’s semi-finals – Alcaraz bt Djokovic, Sinner bt Auger-Aliassime

US Open women’s doubles final – Siniakova and Townsend bt Dabrowski and Routliffe

Sep 6

US Open women’s singles final – Sabalenka bt Anisimova

US Open men’s doubles final – Granollers and Zebaloss bt Salisbury and Skupski

Women’s Rugby World Cup Pool A (Brighton & Hove Albion Stadium) – England 47 Australia 7

World Cup qualifier (Villa Park) England 2 Andorra 0. Debut for Elliot Anderson

Sep 7

Italian GP – Verstappen, Norris, Piastri

US Open men’s singles final – Alcaraz bt Sinner

Third ODI – England 414-5 (Bethell 110, Root 100) South Africa 72 (Archer 4-18). England won by 342 runs, the biggest winning margin in men’s ODIs

Burghley Horse Trials – Ros Canter, riding Lordships Graffalo

Women’s Rugby World Cup final pool standings –

Pool A – England, Australia, United States, Samoa

Pool B – Canada, Scotland, Fiji, Wales

Pool C – New Zealand, Ireland, Japan, Spain

Pool D – France, South Africa, Italy, Brazil

Tour of Britain – Romain Gregoire

Geraint Thomas retires

Walker Cup – USA bt Great Britain and Ireland

Sep 9

Ange Postecoglou replaces Nuno Espirito Santo as manager of Nottingham Forest

World Cup qualifier – Norway 11 (Haaland 5) Moldova 1

World Cup qualifier – Serbia 0 England 5

Sep 10

Olympic swimmer Ben Proud becomes the first British athlete to join the Enhanced Games

Sep 11

Andre Onana moves from Man Utd to Trabzonspor on loan

Sep 12

Second T20 – England 304-2 (Salt 141*) South Africa 158. England won by 146 runs

Arthur Fery makes Davis Cup debut for GB against Poland

Sep 13

World Athletics Championships start in Tokyo

Men’s shot put – Ryan Crouser

Women’s 10000m – Beatrice Chebet

T20 Blast Finals Day (Edgbaston). Semi-finals – Somerset bt Lancashire Lightning, Hampshire Hawks bt Northamptonshire Steelbacks. Final – Somerset bt Hampshire Hawks

St Leger – Scandinavia (Tom Marquand), trained by Aidan O’Brien

Women’s Rugby World Cup quarter-finals – New Zealand bt South Africa, Canada bt Australia

Terence Crawford bt Saul 'Canelo' Alvarez to become the first male fighter to be undisputed champion across three weight divisions in the four-belt era

Sep 14

Men’s 100m – Oblique Seville (Jamaica)

Women’s 100m – Melissa Jefferson-Wooden

Women’s marathon – Peres Jepchirchir. Silver – Tigst Assefa

Women’s long jump – Tara Davis-Woodhall

Ricky Hatton dies, aged 46

Vuelta a Espana – Jonas Vingegaard. 2nd Joao Almeida. 3rd Tom Pidcock

There had been various protests against the Israel-Premier Tech team throughout the Vuelta, forcing some stages to be shortened and the final stage to be abandoned

BMW PGA Championship – Alex Noren

Women’s Rugby World Cup quarter-finals (Ashton Gate) – England 40 Scotland 8

France bt Ireland

World Series of Darts final – Van Gerwen bt Littler

Speedway Grand Prix – Bartosz Zmarzlik. 2nd Brady Kurtz (Australia). Sixth world title for Zmarzlik

Sep 15

Men’s pole vault – Armand Duplantis, with a world record of 6.30 m

Sep 16

Men’s high jump – Hamish Kerr

Women’s 1500m – Faith Kipyegon. Fourth title

Bodo/Glimt (Norway), Kairat (Kazakhstan), Pafos (Cyprus), and Union Saint-Gilloise (Belgium) make their debut appearances in the Champions League phase/group stage

Sep 17

Men’s 1500m – Isaac Nader (Portugal). Silver – Jake Whiteman

Women’s pole vault – Katie Moon

Sep 18

Men’s javelin – Kershorn Walcott

Women’s 400m – Sydney McLaughlin-Levrone

Jose Mourino replaces Melissa Bruno Lage as manager of Benfica

League Leaders’ Shield – Hull KR

Sep 19

Men’s 200m – Noah Lyles

Women’s 400m hurdles – Femke Bol

Women’s 200m – Melissa Jefferson-Wooden. Silver – Amy Hunt. Bronze – Shericka Jackson

Women’s Rugby World Cup semi-final – Canada bt New Zealand

Sep 20

Women’s 5000m – Beatrice Chebet. Silver – Faith Kipyegon

Heptathlon – Anna Hall. Silver – Kate O’Connor (Ireland). Bronze – Katarina Johnson-Thompson and Taliyah Brooks (tied on 6581 points)

Women’s Rugby World Cup semi-final (Ashton Gate) – England bt France

Metro Bank One Day Cup men’s final – Worcestershire Rapids bt Hampshire

BJK Cup semi-final – USA 2 GB 0. Navarro bt Kartal, Pegula bt Boulter

Liverpool Women manager Matt Beard dies

Sep 21

Men’s 5000m – Cole Hocker

Men’s discus – Daniel Stahl

Women’s 800m – Lilian Odira (Kenya). Silver – Georgia Hunter Bell. Bronze – Keely Hodgkinson

Women’s 4 x 100m relay – USA. Silver – Jamaica (including Shelly-Anne Fraser-Pryce)

Final medal table – 1st USA (16-5-5) 26, 2nd Kenya (7-2-2) 11, 21st GB (0-3-2) 5

GB failed to win a gold medal or a relay medal for the first time since 2003

Billie Jean King Cup final – Italy 2 USA 0. Cocciaretto bt Navarro, Paolini bt Pegula

Azerbaijan GP – Verstappen, Russell, Sainz

Metro Bank One Day Cup women’s final – Lancashire bt Hampshire

UCI Road Cycling World Championships start in Rwanda

Men’s time trial – Remco Evenepoel. Third successive title

Women’s time trial – Marlen Reusser (Switzerland)

Laver Cup – Team World bt Team Europe. Team captains – Andre Agassi and Yannick Noah

English Open snooker final – Mark Allen bt Zhou Yuelong

Sep 22

Ballon d’Or awards –

Player of the Year – Ousmane Dembele and Aitana Bonmati. Third successive win for Bonmati

Coach of the Year (Johan Cruyff Trophy) – Luis Enrique and Sarina Wiegman

Best young player (Kopa Trophy) – Lamine Yamal and Vicky Lopez

Club of the year – PSG and Arsenal women

Goalkeeper of the year (Yashin Trophy) – Gianluigi Donnarumma and Hannah Hampton

Sep 23

Dickie Bird dies

Carabao Cup third round – Barnsley 0 Brighton 6 (Diego Gomez 4)

Alexander Isak scores his first goal for Liverpool against Southampton

Sep 24

Eberechi Eze scores his first goal for Arsenal against Port Vale

Sep 26

World Para Athletics Championships start in New Delhi

Sep 27

Women’s Rugby World Cup final (Twickenham) – England 33 Canada 13

Player of the match – Sadia Kabeya

Captain – Zoe Aldcroft

Coach – John Mitchell

Record crowd for women's rugby of 81,885

Third place play-off – New Zealand 42 France 26

World Rugby Women’s Player of the Year – Sophie de Goede (Canada)

AFL Grand Final – Brisbane Lions bt Geelong

Cambridgeshire Handicap – Boiling Point

County Championship – Nottinghamshire. Runners-up – Surrey. Relegated – Durham, Worcestershire

Division 2 – Leicestershire. Promoted – Glamorgan

Nuno Espirito Santo replaces Graham Potter as manager of West Ham

Women’s road race – Magdeleine Vallieres (Canada)

Sep 28

Ryder Cup (Bethpage Black, New York) – USA 13 Europe 15

Lowry sank the putt to retain the Ryder Cup

Hatton sank the putt to win the Ryder Cup

Aberg was the only player to win for Europe on final day

Hovland was unable to play on final day due to injury

Leading points scorers – Europe: Fleetwood (4), USA: Schauffele and Young (3)

2027 Ryder Cup will be held at Adare Manor in Ireland

Men’s road race – Tadej Pogacar. 2nd Remco Evenepoel. 3rd Ben Healy

British Open snooker final – Murphy bt McGill

== October ==
Oct 1

Newcastle Red Bulls part company with director of rugby Steve Diamond

Oct 4

The Rugby Championship – South Africa

Final match between Argentina and South Africa was played at Twickenham

Speedway of Nations – Australia

Oct 5

Singapore GP – Russell, Verstappen, Norris

McLaren win constructors championship with six races to spare

Women's Super League Grand Final – Wigan Warriors bt St Helens

Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe – Daryz. 2nd Minnie Hauk

Alfred Dunhill Links Championship – Rob MacIntyre

NRL Grand Final – Brisbane Broncos bt Melbourne Storm

British Touring Car Championship – Tom Ingram

Russell Martin sacked as manager of Rangers

World Para Athletics Championships end. Brazil topped the medal table. Hannah Cockroft won three gold medals

RFL Championship Grand Final – Toulouse Olympique bt York Knights

Oct 9

Djed Spence makes debut for England against Wales

Steve Prescott Man of Steel – Jake Connor (Leeds Rhinos)

Woman of Steel – Eva Hunter (Wigan Warriors)

PCA Player of the Year – Jordan Cox

Young Player – Rehan Ahmed

Women’s Player – Emma Lamb

Women’s Young Player – Davina Perrin

Oct 10

WNBA Finals – Las Vegas Aces bt Phoenix Mercury

Oct 11

Super League Grand Final – Hull KR bt Wigan Warriors. Rob Burrow award for Man of the Match – Mikey Lewis

Cesarewitch – Beylerbeyi

Oct 12

World Grand Prix final – Littler bt Humphries

Chicago Marathon. Men’s – Jacob Kiplimo (Uganda). Women’s – Hawi Feysa (Ethiopia)

ICC Women's World Cup group stage – India 330 Australia 331-7 (Healy 142). Record women's one-day international chase

Oct 17

Bradford Bulls are promoted to Super League for 2026 and will replace Salford Red Devils after they were awarded the highest Grade B status under the sport's grading system. Other new teams – Toulouse Olympique and York Knights

Champion flat jockey – Oisin Murphy

Champion flat trainer – Aidan O’Brien

Oct 18

Mateta hat-trick for Crystal Palace against Bournemouth

Nottingham Forest manager Ange Postecoglou is sacked after 39 days

Champion Stakes – Calandagan

Champions Sprint Stakes – Powerful Glory at odds of 200-1. Powerful Glory is the longest-priced winner of a top-level British Group One race

Oct 19

United States GP – Verstappen, Norris, Leclerc

Grand Sumo Tournament at the Royal Albert Hall in London won by Hoshoryu

Superbike World Championship – Toprak Razgatlıoğlu

British Superbike Championship – Kyle Ryde

World Artistic Gymnastics Championships start in Jakarta

Oct 20

Sean Dyche is appointed as manager of Nottingham Forest

Shohei Ohtani hits three home runs and throws 10 strikeouts against Milwaukee Brewers as the LA Dodgers make it back to the World Series

Oct 22

Women’s World Cup group match – England 244-9 Australia 248-4 (Gardner 104*, Sutherland 98*)

UCI Track Cycling World Championships start in Santiago

Men's Individual All-Around – Daiki Hashimoto (Japan)

Oct 23

Women's marathon world record-holder Ruth Chepngetich is banned for three years after admitting to anti-doping rule violations

Cricket Media Club awards –

Bob Willis Trophy – Joe Root

Young Cricketer – Rehan Ahmed

Women’s Cricket Award – Lauren Bell

Oct 24

Men’s individual pursuit – Josh Charlton

Men’s points – Josh Tarling

Sheffield Wednesday enter administration and are deducted 12 points

Men’s floor – Jake Jarman. Silver – Luke Whitehouse

Men’s horizontal bar. Bronze – Joe Fraser

Women’s floor. Silver – Ruby Evans. Bronze – Abigail Martin

Oct 25

Women’s individual pursuit – Anna Morris

Women’s Madison – GB (Katie Archibald and Madelaine Leech)

Alana King takes 7-18 for Australia against South Africa in Women’s World Cup group match

Jess Fishlock retires after winning 166 caps for Wales

UFC heavyweight champion Tom Aspinall retains his belt after title fight against Ciryl Gane is declared a no-contest because of eye poke from Gane

Fabio Wardley bt Joseph Parker to claim the WBO heavyweight 'interim' title

Oct 26

Men’s sprint – Harrie Lavreyson (Netherlands). Silver – Matthew Richardson

European Championship darts final – Van Veen bt Humphries

Mexico City GP – Norris, Leclerc, Verstappen. 4th Bearman

Oct 27

Brendan Rodgers resigns as manager of Celtic. Martin O’Neill returns to Celtic as interim manager

Game three in World Series takes 18 innings and lasts six-and-a-half hours

Oct 29

Women’s World Cup semi-final – South Africa 319-7 (Wolvaardt 169) England 194 (Kapp 5-20). South Africa won by 125 runs

Oct 30

Women’s World Cup semi-final – Australia 338 (Litchfield 119) India 341-5 (Rodrigues 127*). India won by five wickets. Highest successful chase in women's one-day international history

Oct 31

Willie Young dies

== November ==
Nov 1

Autumn Nations Series – England bt Australia and regain the Ella-Mobbs trophy. Australia’s try scored by Harry Potter

Autumn Nations Series – Scotland 85 USA 0

World Series – Los Angeles Dodgers 4 Toronto Blue Jays 3. MVP – Yoshinobu Yamamoto

American League MVP – Aaron Judge (New York Yankees)

National League MVP – Shohei Ohtani (Los Angeles Dodgers)

Australia bt England at Hill Dickinson Stadium to retain Rugby League Ashes

League of Ireland – Shamrock Rovers

Breeders’ Cup Classic – Forever Young

Nov 2

Vitor Pereira sacked as manager of Wolves

Women’s World Cup final (Navi Mumbai) – India 298-7 (Shafali Verma 87) South Africa 246 (Wolvaardt 101, Deepti Sharma 5-39) India won by 52 runs

Player of the series – Deepti Sharma

Most runs – Laura Wolvaardt

Most wickets – Deepti Sharma

NASCAR Cup Series – Kyle Larson

Nov 4

Melbourne Cup – Half Yours (Jamie Melham). Melham becomes only the second woman to win the race

WTA Tour group placings –

Steffi Graf Group – Sabalenka, Pegula, Gauff, Paolina

Serena Williams Group – Rybakina, Anisimova, Swiatek, Keys. Alexandrova replaced Keys for the third match

Nov 8

WTA Tour finals (Saudi Arabia) –

Singles final – Rybakina bt Sabalenka

Doubles final – Kudermetova and Mertens bt Babos and Stefani

Nov 9

Sao Paulo GP – Norris, Antonelli, Verstappen

International Championship snooker final – Wu Yize bt Higgins

Nov 11

Middlesbrough manager Rob Edwards moves to Wolves

Richard Sharp dies

Nov 13

Nico O’Reilly makes England debut against Serbia

Troy Parrott scores twice for Ireland against Portugal. Ronaldo is sent off for the first time in international football

Nov 14

Former world heavyweight champion Joseph Parker tests positive for cocaine

Nov 15

Autumn Nations Series – England 33 New Zealand 19

Autumn Nations Series – Wales 24 Japan 23. Wales end a record run of 10 successive home Test defeats

ATP World Tour Finals semi-finals –

Sinner bt De Minaur, Alcaraz bt Auger-Aliassime

Alcaraz becomes year-end world number one

Doubles – Helioevaara and Patten bt Bolelli and Vavassori, Salisbury and Skupski bt Cash and Glasspool

Conor Benn bt Chris Eubank Jr. Fight held at Tottenham Hotspur Stadium

Nov 16

Jarell Quansah makes England debut against Albania

UEFA World Cup qualifier – Hungary 2 Ireland 3 (Parrott 3)

DP World Tour Championship – Matt Fitzpatrick

Rory McIlroy wins his seventh Race to Dubai title. 2nd Marco Penge

ATP World Tour Finals (Turin) –

Final – Sinner bt Alcaraz

Doubles final – Helioevaara and Patten bt Salisbury and Skupski

Grand Slam of Darts final (Wolverhampton) – Littler bt Humphries

Littler becomes world number one for the first time

Champion of Champions final (Leicester) – Selby bt Trump

Grey Cup – Saskatchewan Roughriders bt Montreal Alouettes

MotoGP – Marc Marquez. 2nd Alec Marquez

Constructors’ champion – Ducati

Moto2 – Diogo Moreira (Brazil)

Moto3 – Jose Antonio Rueda

MotoE – Alessandro Zaccone

Nov 18

UEFA World Cup qualifier – Scotland 4 Denmark 2

Scotland qualify for finals for first time since 1998

Wales 7 (Harry Wilson 3) North Macedonia 1

Curacao become smallest nation to qualify for World Cup

Nov 19

Cartier Racing Awards –

Horse of the Year – Calandagan

Award of Merit – Brough Scott

Nov 21

Riyadh Season Snooker Championship final – Zhao Xintong bt Neil Robertson

Nov 22

First Test (Optus Stadium, Perth) England 172 (Starc 7-58) and 164 Australia 132 (Stokes 5-23) and 205-2 (Head 123) Australia won by eight wickets

In the first two-day Ashes Test since 1921, Head hit the second-fastest Ashes hundred of all time, made off only 69 balls

Autumn Nations Series – Wales 26 New Zealand 52. Tom Rogers hat-trick for Wales

Las Vegas GP – Verstappen, Russell, Antonelli. Norris and Piastri are disqualified after the skid blocks on both cars were found after the race to be less than the minimum depth allowed in the rules

World Rugby Player of the Year – Malcolm Marx (South Africa)

Nov 23

Davis Cup final (Bologna) – Italy bt Spain. Berrettini and Cobolli won their singles matches

Eze hat-trick for Arsenal against Spurs

Players Championship final (Minehead) – Littler bt Aspinall

World Youth Championship final – Gian van Veen bt Beau Greaves

Nov 24

Everton's Idrissa Gueye sent off for striking team-mate Michael Keane in a match against Man Utd

BBC Women's Footballer of the Year – Hannah Hampton

Nov 25

William Hill Sports Book of the Year – “The Escape: The Tour, The Cyclist and Me” by David Walsh and Pippa York. The book charts York’s 11 Tour de France appearances when she was known as Robert Millar

Nov 27

Fuzzy Zoeller dies

Nov 28

Imran Sherwani dies

Nov 29

England 8 (Stanway 3) China 0

Autumn international – Wales 0 South Africa 73. Sacha Feinberg-Mngomezulu scored 28 points

Copa Libertadores final (Lima) – Flamengo bt Palmeiras

British heavyweight title – Jeamie TKV bt Frazer Clarke

World Rally Championship – Sebastien Ogier, driving a Toyota. Ninth title for Ogier. Elfyn Evans is runner-up for the fifth time

Nov 30

Qatar GP – Verstappen, Piastri, Sainz

Billy Bonds dies

World Athletics Awards. Men– Armand Duplantis, Women – Sydney McLaughlin-Levrone

== December ==
Dec 1

Sheffield Wednesday are given a further six-point deduction by the English Football League for regulation breaches. Former owner Dejphon Chansiri also receives a three-year ban from owning or being a director at any EFL club

Dec 2

Robin Smith dies

UK Championship first round – Zhou Yeolong bt Ronnie O’Sullivan

Fulham 4 Man City 5. Erling Haaland becomes the quickest player to reach 100 goals in Premier League history, in 111 games

Dec 3

Salford Red Devils are wound up by the High Court over outstanding debts

Dec 4

Major League Soccer club Columbus Crew manager Wilfried Nancy moves to Celtic

Joe Root hits first-ever Test century in Australia in his 30th innings

Mosconi Cup (Alexandra Palace) – Europe bt USA. MVP – Moritz Neuhausen (Germany)

Dec 5

World Cup draw (Washington) –

Group L – England, Croatia, Ghana, Panama

Group C – Scotland, Brazil, Morocco, Haiti

Donald Trump wins Fifa Peace Prize

Dec 6

MLS Cup – Inter Miami bt Vancouver Whitecaps

Dec 7

Abu Dhabi GP – Verstappen, Piastri, Norris

Final standings – 1st Lando Norris 423 points, 2nd Max Verstappen 421 points, 3rd Oscar Piastri 410 points

Constructors – 1st McLaren 833 points, 2nd Mercedes 469 points, 3rd Red Bull 451 points

Formula 2 Championship – Leonardo Fornaroli (Italy)

UK Championship final – Selby bt Trump

Chelsea's record 34-game unbeaten run in Women's Super League ended by Everton

Second Test (Brisbane) England 334 (Root 138*, Starc 6-75) and 241 (Neser 5-42) Australia 511 and 69-2 Australia won by eight wickets

Hero World Challenge – Hideki Matsuyama

Dec 9

Dixie Deans dies

Dec 13

Women’s Big Bash final – Hobart Hurricanes bt Perth Scorchers

Aged 71, Paul Lim becomes the oldest player to win a match at the PDC Darts World Championship

Dec 14

Nitin Kumar becomes the first Indian player to win a match at the PDC Darts World Championship

Scottish League Cup final – St. Mirren bt Celtic

Dec 15

Man Utd 4 Bournemouth 4

WTA Player of the Year – Aryna Sabalenka

PGA Tour player of the year award – Scottie Scheffler. Fourth consecutive win

Dec 16

FIFA Best Awards –

Best Men’s Player – Ousmane Dembele

Best Women’s Player – Aitana Bonmati

Best Men’s Coach – Luis Enrique

Best Women’s Coach – Sarina Wiegman

Best Men’s Goalkeeper – Gianluigi Donnarumma

Best Women’s Goalkeeper – Hannah Hampton

Dec 17

FIFA Intercontinental Cup final (Qatar) – Paris Saint-Germain bt Flamengo

Dec 18

BBC Sports Personality of the Year – 1st Rory McIlroy 2nd Ellie Kildunne 3rd Lando Norris

Other nominees – Hannah Hampton, Chloe Kelly, Luke Littler

World Sport Star – Armand Duplantis

Coach of the Year – Sarina Weigman

Team of the Year – Europe’s Ryder Cup Team

Young Personality – Michelle Agyemang

Lifetime Achievement Award – Thierry Henry

Helen Rollason Award – Sergio Aguiar and David Stancombe. Fathers of two of the young girls killed in Southport last year. Ran the London Marathon in 2025

For the first time since 2003, the BBC Sports Unsung Hero Award was not awarded

300/1 shot Blowers becomes longest-priced winner in UK history

David Munyua becomes the first Kenyan player to win a match at the PDC Darts World Championship

Dec 19

Anthony Joshua bt Jake Paul. Fight held in Miami

PDC Darts World Championship first round – Daryl Gurney bt Beau Greaves

Dec 21

Third Test (Adelaide) Australia 371 (Carey 106, Archer 5-53) and 349 (Head 170) England 286 and 352 Australia won by 82 runs

Australia retain the Ashes in only 11 days of cricket

Scottish Open snooker final – Chris Wakelin bt Chang Bingyu

Africa Cup of Nations (AFCON) starts in Morocco

Dec 24

Masashi 'Jumbo' Ozaki dies

Dec 25

John Robertson dies

Dec 26

King George VI Chase – The Jukebox Man. Owned by Harry Redknapp

Dec 27

Fourth Test (Melbourne) Australia 152 (Tongue 5-45) and 132 England 110 and 178-6 England won by four wickets

First Test victory in Australia since 2011

Welsh Grand National – Haiti Couleurs

Kevin Schade hat-trick for Brentford against Bournemouth

Dec 28

Battle of the Sexes (Dubai) Kyrgios bt Sabalenka

Dec 31

Billy Loughnane breaks Kieren Fallon’s record for the most wins (221) in a calendar year this century

New Years Honours –

Knighthood – Christopher Dean

Dame – Jayne Torvill

Honorary Dame – Sarina Weigman

CBE – Leah Williamson, Jonathan Davis

OBE – Gabby Logan, Paula Radcliffe, Marlie Packer, Zoe Aldcroft, John Mitchell

MBE – Ellie Kildunne

Sport and Leisure/Sport 2026

2026-04-09T12:44:07Z

QRNeditor: Added notes for March

== January ==
Jan 1

PDC World Darts Championship quarter-final – Van Veen bt Humphries

Enzo Maresca leaves Chelsea by mutual consent

Jan 2

PDC World Darts Championship semi-finals – Littler bt Searle, Van Veen bt Anderson

Brennan Johnson moves from Spurs to Crystal Palace

Ian Balding dies

Jan 3

Wolves bt West Ham to secure a first Premier League win of the season at the 20th attempt

PDC World Darts Championship final – Littler 7 Van Veen 1

PDC Master of Ceremonies John McDonald and referee George Noble retire from darts

Jan 4

Igor Thiago hat-trick for Brentford against Everton

Jan 5

Ruben Amorim sacked as manager of Man Utd

Wilfried Nancy sacked as manager of Celtic after 33 days. Martin O’Neill returns to Celtic as interim manager

Jan 6

Strasbourg manager Liam Rosenior is appointed as manager of Chelsea

Four Hills Tournament – Domen Prevc (Slovenia)

Jan 7

Martin Chivers dies

Simon Yates retires

Jan 8

Terry Yorath dies

Jan 9

Luke Littler signs £20 million sponsorship deal with Target Darts

Antoine Semenyo moves from Bournemouth to Man City for £65 million

Jan 10

FA Cup third round – Man City 10 Exeter City 1

Macclesfield FC 2 Crystal Palace 1. Macclesfield are ranked 117 places below Crystal Palace, meaning this is the biggest upset in the competition of all time in terms of league places

Wolves 6 (Strand Larsen 3) Shrewsbury 1

Jan 11

Masters first round – Wu Yize bt Sean Murphy, Xiao Guodong bt Mark Selby

FA Cup third round – Martinelli hat-trick for Arsenal against Portsmouth

United Cup final (Sydney) – Poland bt Switzerland

Jan 13

Michael Carrick appointed as interim manager of Man Utd

Alvaro Arbeloa replaces Xabi Alonso as manager of Real Madrid

Jan 14

Australian Open's Million Dollar One Point Slam final – Jordan Smith bt Joanna Garland

Conor Gallagher moves from Atletico Madrid to Spurs

Every match in the first round of the Masters finishes 6-2

Jan 17

Masters semi-finals – Higgins bt Trump, Kyren Wilson bt Yu Wize

Jan 18

Masters final – Kyren Wilson bt Higgins

Dubai Invitational – Nacho Elvira (Spain)

Afcon final (Rabat) – Senegal 1 (Pape Gueye) Morocco 0

The Senegalese players refused to play after the hosts were awarded a stoppage-time penalty with the match goalless

Jan 19

Marc Guehi moves from Crystal Palace to Man City

Jan 20

Champions League – Bodo/Glimt bt Man City

International Tennis Federation World Champions. Men’s – Jannik Sinner. Women’s – Aryna Sabalenka

Jan 21

Longines World’s Best Racehorse – Calandagan

Jan 24

Bangladesh will boycott next month's men's T20 World Cup and have been replaced by Scotland

Jan 25

Big Bash League final – Perth Scorchers bt Sydney Sixers. Sixth title for Perth

Dubai Desert Classic – Patrick Reed

World Indoor Bowls Championship. Men’s – Robert Paxton. Women’s – Katherine Rednall. Seventh title for Rednall

AFC Championship Game – New England Patriots bt Denver Broncos

NFC Championship Game – Seattle Seahawks bt Los Angeles Rams

Jan 26

Besiktas buy Tammy Abraham from Roma, then sell him to Aston Villa

Jan 27

Third ODI – England 357-3 (Root 111, Brook 136) Sri Lanka 304 (Rathnayake 121)

Jan 28

Champions League – Liverpool 6 Qarabag 0

FIFA Women's Champions Cup semi-finals – Arsenal 6 AS FAR Rabat 0, Corinthians 1 Gotham FC 0

Jan 29

Australian Open women’s semi-finals – Sabalenka bt Svitolina, Rybakina bt Pegula

Jan 30

Australian Open men’s semi-finals – Alcaraz bt Zverev, Djokovic bt Sinner

Mixed doubles final – Gadecki and Peers bt Mladenovic and Guinard

Sam Curran hat-trick for England against Sri Lanka in T20 international

Jan 31

Australian Open women’s final –Rybakina bt Sabalenka

Australian Open men’s doubles final – Harrison and Skupski bt Kubler and Polmans

Australian Open women’s doubles final – Mertens and Zhang bt Danilina and Krunic

== February ==
Feb 1

Australian Open men’s final – Alcaraz bt Djokovic

World Masters darts final (Milton Keynes) – Littler bt Humphries

German Masters snooker final – Trump bt Murphy

FIFA Women's Champions Cup final (Emirates Stadium) – Arsenal bt Corinthians

Third-place play-off – Gotham FC bt AS FAR Rabat

Irish Champion Hurdle – Brighterdaysahead

Feb 3

Transfer deadline day –

Jorgen Strand Larsen moves from Wolves to Crystal Palace

Liverpool agree a deal to sign Jeremy Jacquet from Rennes

Carabao Cup semi-final – Arsenal bt Chelsea

Feb 4

Carabao Cup semi-final – Man City bt Newcastle

John Virgo dies

Curling mixed doubles starts at Winter Olympics

Feb 5

Leicester City docked six points for breaking profit and sustainability rules

Premier League darts starts in Newcastle. Opening night won by Michael van Gerwen

Six Nations captains and coaches –

England – Maro Itoje and Steve Borthwick

Wales – Dewi Lake and Steve Tandy

Ireland – Caelan Doris and Andy Farrell

Scotland – Sione Tuipulotu and Gregor Townsend

France – Antoine Dupont and Fabien Galthie

Italy – Michele Lamaro and Gonzalo Quesada

France 36 Ireland 14. First try scored by Louis Bielle-Biarrey. Match played on Thursday to avoid conflict with Winter Olympics opening ceremony

NFL MVP – Matt Stafford (LA Rams)

Feb 6

Winter Olympics opening ceremony held at San Siro stadium in Milan. Games opened by President Sergio Mattarella. Mascots – anthropomorphic stoats Tina (Olympics) and Milo (Paralympics). GB flagbearers – Brad Hall and Lilah Fear

Milan primarily hosted the ice events, and the remaining events were hosted in clusters around Cortina, Livigno, and Fiemme

Ski mountaineering debuted as a Winter Olympics event

ICC Under-19 Men's Cricket World Cup final (Harare) – India 411-9 (Suryavanshi 175) England 311 (Falconer 115)

Suryavanshi, aged 14, hit 15 sixes from 80 balls

Feb 7

Switzerland's Franjo von Allmen wins first gold of Olympic Games in men's downhill

Italy 18 Scotland 15

England 48 Wales 7. Hat-trick for Henry Arundell

Cole Palmer hat-trick for Chelsea against Wolves

Men's T20 World Cup Group C – hat-trick for Romario Shepherd for West Indies against Scotland

Feb 8

Super Bowl LX – Seattle Seahawks 29 New England Patriots 13

MVP – Kenneth Walker

Jason Myers kicked a record five field goals

Defensive coordinator Aden Durde becomes the first British-born coach to win the Super Bowl

Game played at Levi’s Stadium, Santa Clara

Half time show headlined by Bad Bunny

New England Patriots have a record 12 appearances and 6 losses in the Super Bowl

Men's T20 World Cup Group C – England bt Nepal by 4 runs

Women’s downhill – Breezy Johnson (USA)

World Grand Prix final – Zhao Xintong bt Zhang Anda

Feb 9

Women’s freeski slopestyle. 4th Kirsty Muir

Women’s snowboard big air. 4th Mia Brookes

Mixed doubles curling semi-final – Sweden bt GB

Feb 10

Mixed doubles curling final – Sweden bt USA

Mixed doubles curling bronze medal match – Italy bt GB (Mouat and Dodds)

Feb 11

Thomas Frank sacked as manager of Spurs

Igor Tudor appointed as interim manager of Spurs

Men’s super-G – Franjo von Allmen (Switzerland)

Ice dance. 7th GB (Fear and Gibson)

Feb 12

European Track Cycling Championships start in Belgium

Premier League darts held in Belgium for the first time, in Antwerp

Women’s super-G – Federica Brignone (Italy)

Feb 13

Men’s skeleton – Matt Weston

Men’s figure skating – Mikhail Shaidorov (Kazakhstan). 8th Ilia Malinin

Men's T20 World Cup, Group B – Zimbabwe bt Australia

FA Cup fourth round – hat-trick for Pedro Neto for Chelsea against Hull City

Igor Tudor appointed as interim manager of Spurs

Feb 14

FA Cup fourth round – Mansfield bt Burnley

Ireland 20 Italy 13

Scotland 31 England 20. Harry Arundell sent off

Men’s giant slalom – Lucas Pinheiro Braathen (Brazil). First-ever medal for Brazil

Women’s skeleton – 5th Tabitha Stoecker

Men’s large hill ski jumping – Domen Prevc (Slovenia)

Feb 15

Mixed team snowboard cross – GB (Charlotte Bankes and Huw Nightingale). First-ever GB gold medal on snow and the first time GB have won two gold medals at a single Winter Olympics

Mixed team skeleton – GB (Tabitha Stoecker and Matt Weston). 4th GB (Freya Tarbit and Marcus Wyatt)

Women’s freeski big air. 4th Kirsty Muir

Women’s giant slalom – Federica Brignone

Women’s slalom – Mikaela Shiffrin

Wales 12 France 54

Vitor Pereira appointed as manager of Nottingham Forest

Feb 16

FA Cup fourth round – Brentford bt Macclesfield

Men’s slalom – Loic Meillard (Switzerland)

Feb 18

Champions League Knockout Round Play-offs – Qarabag 1 Newcastle 6 (Gordon 4)

Feb 19

World Club Challenge – Hull KR bt Brisbane Broncos

Men’s curling semi-final – GB bt Switzerland

Women’s figure skating – Alysa Liu (USA)

Women’s ice hockey final – USA bt Canada

Feb 21

James Milner breaks Gareth Barry’s record of 653 Premier League appearances

England 21 Ireland 42

Maro Itoje wins 100th cap for England

Men’s curling final – Canada bt GB (Mouat, Hardie, Lammie and McMillan)

Feb 22

Women’s freeski halfpipe – Eileen Gu. Bronze – Zoe Atkin

Men’s ice hockey final – USA bt Canada

4-man bobsleigh – Germany. 7th GB, piloted by Brad Hall

Johannes Lochner piloted both the winning German teams

Norwegian cross-country skier Johannes Hosflot Klaebo won the most gold and overall medals, with six medals (all gold)

Italian short track speed skater Arianna Fontana becomes the first woman to win Olympic medals in six straight Winter Olympics

Ukrainian skeleton racer Vladyslav Heraskevych was banned from competing for wearing a "helmet of memory" with 24 images of Ukrainian athletes killed in the Russian invasion

Brazil won the first medal and first gold medal in their Winter Olympic history; also the first tropical, Latin American and South American National Olympic Committee to win a medal at the Winter Olympics. Georgia also won the first medal in their Winter Olympic history

Closing ceremony held in Verona Olympic Arena. GB flagbearers – Matt Weston and Charlotte Bankes

Final medal table – 1st Norway (18-12-11) 41 2nd USA (12-12-9) 33 3rd Netherlands 10-7-3) 20 15th GB (3-1-1) 5

Norway’s total of 18 gold medals is an Olympic record

France 33 Italy 8. Match played in Lille

Sheffield Wednesday relegated from the Championship with 13 matches to play

Players Championship final – Zhao Xintong bt Higgins

Saudi Cup – Forever Young

Feb 24

Welsh Open first round – Chang Bingyu hits four centuries in a row against Shaun Murphy

Men's T20 World Cup Super 8 Group 2. Harry Brook scores 100 for England against Pakistan

Champions League – Bodo/Glimt bt Inter Milan

Feb 25

Beau Greaves becomes the first woman to hit a nine-darter on the PDC ProTour

== March ==
Mar 1

Welsh Open final – Hawkins bt Lisowski

HSBC Women’s World Championship – Hannah Green (Australia)

Mar 4

Men's T20 World Cup semi-final – New Zealand bt South Africa. Finn Allen scored 100 off 33 balls for New Zealand

Joao Pedro hat-trick for Chelsea against Aston Villa

Luke Donald named as Europe’s Ryder Cup captain

Mar 5

Men's T20 World Cup semi-final – India 253-7 (Samson 89) England 246-7 (Bethell 105)

Mar 6

Ireland 27 Wales 17

Winter Paralympics opening ceremony is held at the Verona Arena

Mar 7

Scotland 50 France 40

Darcy Graham overtakes Duhan van der Merwe as Scotland's leading try scorer

Italy 23 England 18. Winning try scored by Leonardo Marin

Italy's first-ever win over England after 32 consecutive defeats

Mar 8

Men's T20 World Cup final – India 255 (Samson 89) New Zealand 159 (Bumrah 4-15)

Player of the tournament – Sanju Samson

FA Cup fifth round – Port Vale bt Sunderland

UK Open darts final – Littler bt Wade

Brett Randell becomes the first bowler to take five wickets in five balls, in Plunket Shield match in New Zealand

Formula 1 teams –

Red Bull – Max Verstappen, Isack Hadjar

McLaren – Lando Norris, Oscar Piastri

Ferrari – Charles Leclerc, Lewis Hamilton

Mercedes – George Russell, Andrea Kimi Antonelli

Aston Martin – Fernando Alonso, Lance Stroll

Alpine – Pierre Gasly, Franco Colapinto

Racing Bulls – Liam Lawson, Arvid Lindblad (UK)

Haas – Esteban Ocon, Oliver Bearman

Williams – Carlos Sainz, Alexander Albon

Audi – Nico Hulkenberg, Gabriel Bortoleto

Cadillac – Sergio Perez, Valtteri Bottas

The new hybrid engines - with their 50-50 split between internal combustion and electrical power, have "boost" and "overtake" modes provide extra electrical energy to help drivers pass their rivals

Australian GP – Russell, Antonelli, Leclerc. 4th Hamilton. 5th Norris. 7th Bearman. 8th Lindblad

Mar 10

Champion Day at Cheltenham

Champion Hurdle – Lossiemouth (Paul Townend), trained by Willie Mullins 2nd Brighterdaysahead 3rd The New Lion

Bam Adebayo scores 83 points – the second highest number in an NBA game, for Miami Heat

Alpine combined. Silver – Neil Simpson and guide Rob Poth

Mar 11

Ladies Day

Queen Mother Champion Chase – Il Etait Temps

Federico Valverde hat-trick for Real Madrid against Man City

Mar 12

St Patrick’s Thursday

Stayers’ Hurdle – Home By The Lee

Ryanair Chase – Heart Wood

Mar 13

Cheltenham Gold Cup Day

Gold Cup – Gaelic Warrior (Paul Townend), trained by Willie Mullins. 2nd Jango Baie 3rd Inothewayurthinkin. Envoi Allen died after the race

Prestbury Cup – Ireland 15 GB 13

Leading Jockey – Paul Townend

Leading Trainer – Willie Mullins

Mar 14

Ireland 43 Scotland 21

Wales 31 Italy 17

France 48 England 46. Bielle-Biarrey scored four tries. Winning penalty scored by Thomas Ramos

Six Nations final table – France, Ireland, Scotland, Italy, England, Wales

Leading points scorer – Thomas Ramos (74)

Leading try scorer – Louis Bielle-Biarrey (9)

Player of the tournament – Louis Bielle-Biarrey

F1 cancels Bahrain and Saudi Arabia Grands Prix

Sixteen-year-old Max Dowman becomes the youngest scorer in Premier League history, for Arsenal against Everton

Mar 15

Women’s League Cup final – Chelsea bt Man Utd

Chinese GP – Antonelli, Russell, Hamilton. First GP win for Antonelli. First podium as a Ferrari driver for Hamilton

Spain-Argentina Finalissima in Qatar cancelled

Indian Wells women’s final – Sabalenka bt Rybakina

Indian Wells men’s final – Sinner bt Medvedev

The Players Championship – Cameron Young. 2nd Matt Fitzpatrick

Winter Paralympics final medal table – 1st China (15-13-16) 44 2nd USA (13-5-6) 24 3rd Russia (6-1-3) 12 23rd GB (0-1-0) 1

Brazil and Latvia won their first Winter Paralympic medals

English Prem Rugby Cup final – Leicester Tigers 66 Exeter Chiefs 14

Mar 17

Champions League Last 16 aggregate scores – PSG bt Chelsea 8-2, Real Madrid bt Man City 5-1

Morocco are declared the winners of the 2025 Africa Cup of Nations after the CAF overturned the result of their final defeat to Senegal following their walk-off

World Baseball Classic final – Venezuela bt USA

Mar 18

Champions League Last 16 aggregate scores – Barcelona bt Newcastle 8-3, Atletico Madrid bt Spurs 7-5, Bayern Munich bt Atalanta 10-2

Mar 20

Ronnie O'Sullivan makes highest-ever professional break with a 153 at the World Open in Yushan against Ryan Day

World Athletics Indoor Championships start in Torun, Poland

Men’s 60m – Jordan Anthony (USA). 4th Jeremiah Azu

Mar 21

Men’s 3000m – Josh Kerr

Mar 22

EFL Cup final – Man City 2 (O’Reilly 2) Arsenal 0

Women’s 800m – Keely Hodgkinson

Women’s 1500m – Georgia Hunter Bell

Women’s pole vault – Molly Caudery

Final medal table – 1st USA (5-7-6) 18 2nd GB (4-0-0) 4

World Open final – Un-Nooh bt O’Sullivan. Un-Nooh made a 147 break

Mar 26

World Cup Play-offs semi-finals – Bosnia-Herzegovina bt Wales, Italy bt Northern Ireland, Czech Republic bt Republic of Ireland

Alpine Ski World Cup –

Men’s overall and downhill – Marco Odermatt

Women’s overall – Mikaela Shiffrin

Women’s downhill – Laura Pirovano (Italy)

Mar 28

Miami Open women’s final – Sabalenka bt Gauff

World Figure Skating Championships (Prague) –

Men – Ilia Malinin

Women – Kaori Sakamoto

Pairs – Hase and Volodin (Germany)

Ice dance – Beaudry and Cizeron (France). 4th Fear and Gibson

Men’s Ski Jumping World Cup – Domen Prevc

Women’s Ski Jumping World Cup – Nika Prevc

Lincoln Handicap – Urban Lion

Mar 29

Japanese GP – Antonelli, Piastri, Leclerc

Igor Tudor sacked as manager of Spurs

Miami Open men’s final – Sinner bt Ledecka

Mar 31

England 0 Japan 1 (Mitoma)

Scotland 0 Ivory Coast 1. Match played at Hill Dickinson Stadium

World Cup Play-offs finals – Bosnia-Herzegovina bt Italy

Lifestyle/Medicine

2026-03-31T18:24:55Z

QRNeditor: Fixed typos

== Drugs ==
ACE inhibitors – or angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, are a group of drugs that are used primarily in treatment of hypertension and heart failure

Analgesic – drug used to relieve pain

Anti-emetic drugs – used to treat vomiting and nausea

Anti-muscarinic drugs – block the transmission of impulses along parts of the nervous system. Used to treat Parkinson’s disease

Anti-pruritic drugs – relieve itching

Anti-pyretic drug – reduces temperature or fever

Artesunate – drug used primarily as treatment for malaria

Aspirin – first extracted from bark of willow tree. Felix Hoffmann discovered aspirin in 1899 working for Bayer

Aspirin – an analgesic (pain reliever)

Atropine – produced from ''Atropa belladonna'' (deadly nightshade)

Avandia – diabetes drug that has adverse effects

Azidothymidine (AZT) – or Zidovudine is a type of antiretroviral drug used for the treatment of HIV/AIDS infection

Beta blockers – a class of blood pressure medications that ease the heart's pumping action and widen the blood vessels. Drugs that antagonize the action of adrenaline. Used to treat angina, heart failure, high blood pressure and some abnormal heart rhythms. Developed by James Black

Biosimilar – a biologic medical product which is copy of an original product that is manufactured by a different company, e.g. when the original patent on a drug expires

Bronchodilator drugs – used to treat asthma and bronchitis, by widening the airways to the lungs

Curare – a toxic alkaloid found in certain tropical South American trees that is a powerful relaxant for striated muscles

Diazepam (valium) – launched in 1963 by Hoffman-La Roche

Digitalin – used to treat heart disease. Extracted from foxglove leaves

Diuretic – a drug that elevates the rate of urination

Exenatide (marketed as Byetta) – a drug used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus type 2. It is a synthetic version of a hormone found in the saliva of the Gila monster

Herceptin – made by Roche

Heroin (diacetylmorphine) was originally synthesized by Charles Wright in 1874. Felix Hoffmann later synthesized heroin, working for Bayer

Hypoglycaemic drugs – are used to lower levels of glucose in the blood

Ibuprofen – a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) originally marketed as Brufen, and since then under various other trademarks, notably Nurofen and Advil

Leuproreine – drug that reduces testosterone levels, used for ‘chemical castration’

Lipitor – a drug used for the treatment of high cholesterol, triglyceride levels, and prevention of heart attack. Lipitor (Atorvastatin) is a statin made by Pfizer. Best selling drug of all time

Methaqualone (brand name Quaalude) – a sedative-hypnotic drug that acts as a general central nervous system depressant

Morphine – named after Morpheus, the Greek god of dreams. First isolated by Friedrich Serturter in 1804

Neomycin – antibiotic discovered in 1949

Nootropics – also referred to as smart drugs, memory enhancers, cognitive enhancers, and intelligence enhancers, are drugs that improve mental functions

Paracetamol – a widely used analgesic (pain reliever) and antipyretic (fever reducer) e.g. Tylenol. Also known as acetaminophen

Paroxetine or seroxat – an SSRI antidepressant. It was released in 1992 by the GlaxoSmithKline and has since become one of the most prescribed antidepressants on the market due to its apparent efficacy in treating depression as well as a spectrum of anxiety disorders ranging from panic attacks to phobias

Penicillin – inhibits synthesis of cell walls of bacteria

Penicillin discovered in a dish of staphylococcus by Fleming in 1928

Prontosil – the first commercially available antibacterial antibiotic. Developed in 1930s by Bayer

Prozac (Fluoxetine hydrochloride) – an antidepressant of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) class. Developed by Eli Lilly in 1986

Quinine – an alkaloid extracted from the bark of several species of cinchona as a bitter white crystalline substance. Used to combat malaria

Relenza – used in the treatment of influenza caused by influenza A and B viruses

Ritalin – used to treat ADHD

Rohypnol – date-rape drug

Sartans – drugs that reduce blood pressure

Selective Serotonin Re-uptake Inhibitor (SSRI) – used as antidepressants

Statin – a class of drugs that lower cholesterol levels in the blood by inhibiting the enzyme HMG-CoA reductase, which plays a central role in the production of cholesterol in the liver

Streptomycin – an antibiotic drug, the first of a class of drugs called aminoglycosides to be discovered, and was the first antibiotic remedy for tuberculosis

Tamiflu – trade name of Oseltamivir. It was developed by Gilead Sciences and is currently marketed by Hoffmann-La Roche (Roche)

Tetracycline – a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by the ''Streptomyces'' genus of Actinobacteria, indicated for use against many bacterial infections

Thalidomide was developed by German pharmaceutical company Grunenthal. It was sold from 1957 until 1961, when it was withdrawn after being found to be a cause of birth defects

Warfarin – an anticoagulant normally used in the prevention of thrombosis

Zantac – drug commonly used in treatment of peptic ulcer disease and gastroesophageal reflux disease

ZMapp – an experimental biopharmaceutical drug comprising three humanized monoclonal antibodies under development as a treatment for Ebola virus disease

== Tropical diseases ==
African trypanosomiasis – sleeping sickness, is a parasitic disease of people and animals, caused by protists of the species ''Trypanosoma brucei'' and transmitted by the tsetse fly

Chagas disease is a tropical parasitic disease caused by the protozoan ''Trypanosoma cruzi''. It is spread mostly by insects known as Triatominae or kissing bugs

Cholera – an infection in the small intestine caused by the bacterium ''Vibrio cholerae.'' The primary treatment is oral rehydration therapy

Dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) – acute febrile diseases, found in the tropics, with a geographical spread similar to malaria. Dengue is transmitted to humans by the ''Aedes aegypii'' mosquito. Viral disease characterized by extreme pain in the joints and limbs

Ebola – named after a tributary of the Congo river. Originally known as Zaire ebolavirus. Causes a severe and often fatal hemorrhagic fever in humans and other mammals

Encephalitis Lethargica – also known as sleeping sickness (though different from the sleeping sickness transmitted by the tsetse fly), is a devastating illness that swept the world in the 1920s and then vanished as quickly as it had appeared. Encephalitis Kwashiorkor – an acute form of childhood protein-energy malnutrition characterized by edema, anorexia, and an enlarged liver

Lethargica attacks the brain, leaving some victims like living statues

Lassa fever – an acute viral hemorrhagic fever first described in 1969 in the town of Lassa, in Borno State, Nigeria

Leishmaniasis – a disease caused by protozoan parasites and is transmitted by the bite of certain species of sand fly. Visceral leishmaniasis, also known as kala-azar, black fever, and Dumdum fever, is the most severe form of leishmaniasis

Leprosy – also known as Hansen's disease

Malaria – from ''Anopheles'' mosquitoes

Onchocerciasis – river blindness. Caused by infection by a nematode. The parasite is transmitted to humans through the bite of a blackfly of the genus ''Simulium''. The larval nematodes spread throughout the body

Plasmodium – parasite that causes maleria

Rift Valley Fever – a viral zoonosis (affects primarily domestic livestock, but can be passed to humans) causing fever. It is spread by the bite of infected mosquitoes. The disease was first reported among livestock in Kenya around 1915, but the virus was not isolated until 1931

Schistosomiasis (also known as bilharzia) – a parasitic disease caused by several species of fluke of the genus Schistosoma. This disease is most commonly found in Asia, Africa, and South America, especially in areas where the water contains numerous freshwater snails, which may carry the parasite

Viral haemorrhagic fevers (VHFs) – a diverse group of animal and human illnesses that may be caused by five distinct families of RNA viruses

West Nile virus – transmitted by mosquitoes

Yellow fever virus – transmitted by the bite of female mosquitos (the yellow fever mosquito, ''Aedes aegypti'', and other species)

== Eye disorders ==
Amblyopia – a visual disorder in which the brain partially or wholly ignores input from one eye. Also known as ‘lazy eye’

Blepharitis – inflammation of eyelid

Cataracts – can be caused by microwaves

Charles Bonnet Syndrome – hallucinations caused by macular degeneration

Corneal transplantation – also known as corneal grafting, is a surgical procedure where a damaged or diseased cornea is replaced by donated corneal tissue (the graft) in its entirety (penetrating keratoplasty) or in part (lamellar keratoplasty)

Diplopia – double vision

Heterochromia iridis – different coloured eyes (irises). Alexander the Great had this condition

Hypermetropia – long-sightedness. Corrected by a convex lens

Ishihara test – for red-green colour blindness

Keratitis – inflammation of the cornea

Monogenic diseases – caused by a single gene

Myopia – short-sightedness. Corrected by a concave lens

Nuclear sclerosis – a type of early cataract

Nyctalopia – night-blindness

Pink Eye – conjunctivitis

Presbyopia – inability of the eye to focus sharply on nearby objects, resulting from loss of elasticity of the crystalline lens

Scotoma – a partial loss of vision or blind spot in an otherwise normal visual field

Snelling test – eyesight card

Strabismus – a squint

Trachoma – (Ancient Greek: ‘rough eye’) is an infectious eye disease

== Cardiovascular disorders ==
Anemia – a decrease in number of red blood cells or less than the normal quantity of hemoglobin in the blood

Angina – pain or discomfort due to lack of oxygen to the heart muscle

Angiology – the branch of medical science that studies the blood and lymph vessels and their disorders

Angioplasty – procedure with a balloon-tipped catheter to enlarge a narrowing in a coronary artery

Aortic aneurysm – a general term for any swelling (dilatation or aneurysm) of the aorta, usually representing an underlying weakness in the wall of the aorta at that location

Autologous blood transfusion – uses the patient’s own blood

Coronary artery bypass surgery – also coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery is performed to relieve angina and reduce the risk of death from coronary artery disease

Electrocardiograph – medical instrument that records electric currents associated with contractions of the heart

Neutrophils – the primary white blood cells that respond to a bacterial infection

Phlebitis – inflammation of the wall of a vein

Phlebotomist – a person who draws blood from a patient

Phlebotomy – modern term for bloodletting

Renfield Syndrome – a term used to describe an obsession to drink blood. Also known as clinical vampirism

Sphygmomanometer – blood pressure meter

Tetralogy of Fallot – a congenital heart defect which classically has four anatomical components. It is the most common cause of blue baby syndrome. Named after French physician Etienne Fallot

Thrombolytic drugs – dissolve blood clots

Thrombus – blood clot

Vascular occlusion – a sudden blockage of a blood vessel, usually with a clot

== Genetic disorders ==
Achondroplasia – common cause of dwarfism. May be inherited as a genetic disorder

Autosomal dominant disorder – e.g. Marfan disease

Autosomal recessive disorder – affect one in four children if each parent is an unaffected carrier, e.g. sickle-cell anaemia

BRCA1 – gene that produces a protein called breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein

Colour blindness – more common in boys than girls because the recessive allele is carried on the X chromosome

Down’s Syndrome – trisomy 21 (a third copy of chromosome 21)

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy – a severe recessive X-linked form of muscular dystrophy. In general, only males are affected, though females can be carriers

Edward’s syndrome – trisomy 18

Gene therapy – the use of DNA as a pharmaceutical agent to treat disease. It derives its name from the idea that DNA can be used to supplement or alter genes within an individual's cells

Haemophilia – is more common in boys than girls because the mutant allele is carried on the X chromosome. Haemophilia is rare in women but they may be carriers. Haemophilia A (clotting factor VIII deficiency) is the most common form of the disorder. Haemophilia B is sometimes called Christmas disease, named after Stephen Christmas, the first patient described with this disease

Huntington’s chorea – a neurodegenerative genetic disorder that affects muscle coordination and leads to cognitive decline and dementia. The first thorough description of the disease was by George Huntington in 1872

Klinefelter’s syndrome – male has additional X chromosome, i.e. XXY

Mandibular prognathism – a potentially disfiguring genetic disorder where the lower jaw outgrows the upper, resulting in an extended chin. This condition is colloquially known as Habsburg jaw or Habsburg lip

Patau syndrome – trisomy 13

Personal Genome Project (PGP) – aims to publish the complete genomes and medical records of several volunteers, in order to enable research into personalized medicine. It was initiated by Harvard University's George Church and announced in 2006

Phenylketonuria (PKU) – an autosomal recessive metabolic genetic disorder characterized by a mutation in the gene for the hepatic enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase, rendering it nonfunctional

Polygenic – genetic disorders may also be complex, multifactorial, or polygenic, meaning that they are likely associated with the effects of multiple genes in combination with lifestyle and environmental factors

Prader-Willi syndrome – chromosomal disorder that causes a compulsion to eat constantly

Progeria – genetic disease where children start to age very rapidly

Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) – also known as ‘bubble boy’ disease, is a genetic disorder

Sickle-cell anaemia – caused by haemoglobin becoming insoluble. A life-long blood disorder characterized by red blood cells that assume an abnormal, rigid, sickle shape. Sickle-cell conditions have an autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance from parents

Thalassemia – an inherited form of anemia caused by faulty synthesis of haemoglobin

Triple marker test – screens for Down’s Syndrome

Triple-X syndrome (XXX). XXX girls tend to be tall and thin and are often shy

Turner syndrome – (X chromosome instead of XX or XY)

== Cancer ==
Carcinoma – the most common type of cancer occurring in humans. A cancer that begins in a tissue that lines the inner or outer surfaces of the body, and that generally arises from cells originating in the endodermal or ectodermal germ layer during embryogenesis

Hodgkin's lymphoma – previously known as Hodgkin's disease, is a type of lymphoma, which is a cancer originating from white blood cells called lymphocytes. It was named after Thomas Hodgkin, who first described abnormalities in the lymph system in 1832

Metastatis – the movement or spreading of cancer cells from one organ or tissue to another

Neoplasm – an abnormal mass of tissue as a result of abnormal growth or division of cells

Neuroblastoma – the most common extracranial solid cancer in childhood and the most common cancer in infancy

Sarcoma – a malignant tumour of connective or other non-epithelial tissue

Tumour – a neoplasm that has formed a lump

== Sexually transmitted diseases ==
Chlamydia infection – one of the most common sexually transmitted infections worldwide; it is estimated that about 1 million individuals in the United States are infected with Chlamydia

Gonorrhoea – was known as ‘the clap’

Syphilis – caused by the spirochete bacterium ''Treponema pallidum''. Syphilis may have been carried to Europe by the returning crewmen from Christopher Columbus's voyage to the Americas

== Vitamin deficiencies ==
Vitamin A – retinol (carotene). Night blindness

Vitamin B1 – thiamin. Beri-beri

Vitamin B2 – riboflavin. Skin disorders, failure to thrive

Vitamin B3 – niacin. Gastro-intestinal problems

Vitamin B6 – pyridoxine. Dermatitis

Vitamin B9 – folic acid. Congenital malformations

Vitamin B12 – cobalamin. Contains cobalt. Pernicious anemia

Vitamin C – ascorbic acid. Scurvy

Vitamin D – cholecalciferol. Rickets. Vitamin D deficiency can be caused by lack of sunlight

Vitamin E – refers to a group of ten lipid-soluble compounds that include both tocopherols and tocotrienols. Impaired fat absorption

Vitamin K – phytomenadione. Haemorrhagic problems. Required for blood coagulation

== Mineral deficiencies ==
Calcium – rickets

Chromium – diabetes

Copper – anaemia

Iodine – goitre

Iron – anaemia

Magnesium – muscle weakness and fatigue

Phosphorus – bone pain

Potassium – kidney and lung failure

Sodium – impaired acid-base balance

Zinc – loss of appetite and malnutrition

Hypokalemia – low concentration of potassium in the blood

Hyponatraemia – an electrolyte disturbance in humans that exists when the sodium concentration in the plasma falls below a critical level. At lower levels water intoxication may result

== Viruses ==
Baltimore classification (first defined in 1971) is a classification system that places viruses into one of seven groups

Adenovirus – responsible for respiratory infections

Arbovirus – a group of viruses that are transmitted by arthropod vectors

Human papillomavirus (HPV) – a member of the papillomavirus family of viruses that is capable of infecting humans. More than 30 to 40 types of HPV are typically transmitted through sexual contact

Lentivirus – a genus of viruses of the Retroviridae family, characterized by a long incubation period

Retroviridae is a family of viruses that replicate in a host cell through the process of reverse transcription

Rhinovirus – causative agent of the common cold

Luc Montagnier identified the HIV virus in 1983

Robert Gallo is best known for his role in identifying the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) as the infectious agent responsible for the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)

AIDS virus identified by Michael Gottlieb in 1981

Influenza A virus subtype H5N1, also known as bird flu or H5N1, is a subtype of the influenza A virus which can cause illness in humans and many other animal species

H5 stands for the the fifth of several known types of the protein hemagglutinin

N1 stands for the the first of several known types of the protein neuraminidase

H1N1 – Spanish flu

H1N1 – Swine flu

H2N2 – Asian flu

H3N2 – Hong Kong flu

Grippe – old term for influenza

Chicken pox – caused by primary infection with varicella zoster virus

Hepatitis – inflammation of the liver. A group of viruses known as the hepatitis viruses cause most cases of hepatitis

Infectious mononucleosis – glandular fever. caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), one type of herpes virus. Glandular fever was known as ‘the kissing disease’

Poliomyelitis – often called polio or infantile paralysis, is an acute, viral, infectious disease. Poliomyelitis was first recognized as a distinct condition by Jakob Heine in 1840. Its causative agent, poliovirus, was identified in 1908 by Karl Landsteiner

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2) is the virus that causes COVID-19. It is the successor to SARS-CoV-1, the virus that caused the 2002–2004 SARS outbreak

Smallpox – an infectious disease unique to humans, caused by either of two virus variants, Variola major and Variola minor

Last European smallpox outbreak was in Yugoslavia in 1972

The last naturally occurring case of indigenous smallpox (''Variola minor'') was diagnosed in Ali Maow Maalin, a hospital cook in Merca, Somalia, in 1977

Janet Parker was a British medical photographer, and is the last person known to have died from smallpox, in 1978

After vaccination campaigns throughout the 19th and 20th centuries, the WHO certified the eradication of smallpox in 1979. Smallpox is one of two infectious diseases to have been eradicated, the other being rinderpest, which was declared eradicated in 2011

Verucca (plantar wart) – caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV)

Herpes labialis (cold sores) – caused by a virus

== Vaccines ==
Vaccine – a preparation of a weakened or killed pathogen, such as a bacterium or virus, or of a portion of the pathogen's structure that upon administration stimulates antibody production or cellular immunity against the pathogen but is incapable of causing severe infection

Oral polio vaccine – developed by Eric Sabin. Live vaccine, superseded Salk’s injected killed vaccine

Louis Pasteur and Emile Roux developed the first rabies vaccination in 1885. This vaccine was first used on nine-year-old Joseph Meister

Jonas Salk worked on a vaccine for influenza

Louis Pasteur demonstrated a vaccine for anthrax

DPT – (also DTP) a mixture of three vaccines, to immunize against diphtheria, pertussis (whooping cough) and tetanus

Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine (Hib vaccine or PRP vaccine) was developed for the prevention of invasive disease caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b bacteria and has led to reduced cases of meningitis

Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) – a vaccine against tuberculosis

MMR '''–''' an immunization vaccine against measles, mumps, and rubella

Lady Mary Wortley Monagu was instrumental in bringing vaccination to GB in 1718, after seeing variolation (inoculation as a method of purposefully infecting a person with smallpox (Variola) in a controlled manner so as to minimise the severity of the infection and also to induce immunity against further infection) in Istanbul

In 1796, Edward Jenner inoculated James Phipps, a young boy, with material from the cowpox blisters of the hand of Sarah Nelmes, a milkmaid who had caught cowpox from a cow called Blossom, to prove that infection with cowpox gave immunity to smallpox

== Alternative medicine ==
Homeopathy – first defined by Samuel Hahnemann in the 18th century. Homeopathic practitioners maintain that an ill person can be treated using a substance that can produce, in a healthy person, symptoms similar to those of the illness

Iridology – an alternative medicine technique whose proponents believe that patterns, colors, and other characteristics of the iris can be examined to determine information about a patient's systemic health. Practitioners match their observations to iris charts which divide the iris into zones which they correspond to specific parts of the human body. Iridologists see the eyes as ‘windows’ into the body's state of health

Reflexology – based on the idea that there are energy channels in the feet that relate to every organ and function of the body. It involving application of pressure to the feet and hands with specific thumb, finger, and hand techniques without the use of oil or lotion

Stylostixis – type of acupuncture

== Imaging techniques ==
Computed tomography (CT) – a medical imaging method employing tomography created by computer processing. Digital geometry processing is used to generate a three-dimensional image of the inside of an object from a large series of two-dimensional X-ray images taken around a single axis of rotation. Older and less preferred terms that also refer to X-ray CT are computed axial tomography (CAT scan) and computer-aided/assisted tomography

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) – uses a powerful magnetic field to align the nuclear magnetization of (usually) hydrogen atoms in water in the body. Also known as nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (NMRI), or magnetic resonance tomography (MRT). MRI scanners use strong magnetic fields and radio waves to form images of the body

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) – a type of specialized MRI scan used to measure the hemodynamic response (change in blood flow) related to neural activity in the brain or spinal cord

Positron emission tomography (PET) – a nuclear medicine imaging technique which produces a three-dimensional image or picture of functional processes in the body. The system detects pairs of gamma rays emitted indirectly by a positron-emitting radionuclide (tracer), which is introduced into the body on a biologically active molecule

== Other diseases, disorders and syndromes ==
Addison’s disease – a rare, chronic endocrine disorder in which the adrenal glands do not produce sufficient steroid hormones (glucocorticoids and often mineralocorticoids)

Albinism – inherited disorder caused by lack of melanin

Alice in Wonderland syndrome (AIWS) – describes a set of symptoms which include

alteration of body image (feeling that parts of the body are the wrong size)

Alien Hand Syndrome (AHS) – being unable to control a rogue hand. Suffered by Dr Strangelove

Ankylosing spondylitus – chronic inflammatory disease of the spine

Anthrax – was known as ragpicker’s disease

Asthma – a common chronic inflammatory disease of the airways characterized by variable and recurring symptoms, reversible airflow obstruction, and bronchospasm

Autoimmune diseases – arise from an overactive immune response of the body against substances and tissues normally present in the body. In other words, the body actually attacks its own cells, e.g. type 1 diabetes

Anaphylaxis – an acute multi-system severe type I hypersensitivity allergic reaction

Aphasia – inability to use or understand language (spoken or written) because of a brain lesion. Most commonly caused by stroke

Appendicitis – deep tenderness at McBurney's point, known as McBurney's sign, is a sign of acute appendicitis

Asperger's syndrome – a form of autism which often manifests in eccentric behavior rather than pronounced and obvious disability

Bell’s Palsy – paralysis of the face

Black lung – coalworker's pneumoconiosis

Bipolar disorder – manic depression. Treated with lithium

Botulism – an illness caused by a potent bacterial toxin/poison (produced by ''Clostridium botulinum'') which causes muscle weakness or paralysis

Bright’s disease – nephritis. Marked by the presence of albumin in the urine

Brown-Sequard syndrome – a loss of sensation and motor function (paralysis and anesthesia) that is caused by the lateral hemisection (cutting) of the spinal cord

Bubo – swelling of the lymph nodes. It is found in infections such as bubonic plague, gonorrhea, tuberculosis or syphilis. It is similar in appearance to a huge blister, and usually appears under the armpit, in the groin or on the neck

Bursitis – inflammation of one or more bursae, or small sacs of synovial fluid, in the body

Candidiasis or thrush – a fungal infection (mycosis) of any of the Candida species (all yeasts), of which ''Candida albicans'' is the most common

Catalepsy – a nervous condition characterized by muscular rigidity and fixity of posture regardless of external stimuli, as well as decreased sensitivity to pain

Cheilitis – a medical condition involving inflammation of the lip

Chilblains – acral ulcers (that is, ulcers affecting the extremities) that occur when a predisposed individual is exposed to cold and humidity

Cholecystitis – inflammation of the gall bladder

Chronic fatigue syndrome – also known as myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME)

Coeliac disease – an autoimmune disorder of the small intestine. The only effective treatment is a life-long gluten-free diet

Crohn’s disease – an inflammatory disease of the intestines that may affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract

Colic – a form of pain which starts and stops abruptly

Baby colic – a condition in which an otherwise healthy baby cries or screams frequently and, for extended periods, without any discernible reason

Painter’s colic – lead poisoning

Colitis – inflammation of the colon

Costochondritis – chest wall pain

Cyanosis – a bluish coloration of the skin due to the presence of deoxygenated haemoglobin in blood vessels near the skin surface

Cystic fibrosis – also known as mucoviscidosis, is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder that affects most critically the lungs, and also the pancreas, liver, and intestine. It is characterized by abnormal transport of chloride and sodium across an epithelium, leading to thick, viscous secretions

Dementia pugilistica – a type of neurodegenerative disease or dementia, which may affect amateur or professional boxers as well as athletes in other sports who suffer concussions. It is also called punch-drunk syndrome

Dermatophytosis – fungal infection commonly known as ringworm

In 1776 Matthew Dobson evaporated two quarts of urine from a patient with diabetes. The resulting residue is granulated and smells and tastes like sugar, conclusively establishing the presence of ‘saccharine materials’ as a diagnosis of diabetes

Diprosopus – a rare congenital disorder whereby part or all of the face is duplicated on the head. Cats with the condition are known as 'Janus cats', after the Roman god

Diptheria – in 10% of cases, patients experience neck swelling, informally referred to as ‘bull neck’. Schick test – for diphtheria

Dysentery (formerly known as Flux or the bloody flux) is an inflammatory disorder of the intestine, especially of the colon

Edema or oedema – (from the Greek for ‘swelling’), formerly known as dropsy or hydropsy, is an abnormal accumulation of fluid beneath the skin or in one or more cavities of the body

Endometriosis – a medical condition in women in which endometrial like cells appear and flourish in areas outside the uterine cavity

Epilepsy – known as ‘falling sickness’

Ergotism – the effect of long-term ergot poisoning, traditionally due to the ingestion of the alkaloids produced by the ''Claviceps purpurea'' fungus which infects rye and other cereals. Ergotism is also known as ‘St Anthony’s fire’

Gangrene – death of body tissue due to lack of oxygen, caused by lack of blood supply

Goitre – enlarged thyroid gland caused by iodine deficiency

Graves' disease – an autoimmune disease where the thyroid is overactive, producing an excessive amount of thyroid hormones

Hernia – protrusion of an abdominal organ through a gap in the abdominal wall

Hiatus hernia – the protrusion (or herniation) of the upper part of the stomach into the thorax through a tear or weakness in the diaphragm

Herpes zoster – shingles

Hypophysitis – inflammation of the pituitary gland

Impetigo – skin infection

Impulse control disorder – a set of brain disorders including intermittent explosive disorder (hot-headedness), kleptomania (stealing), pathological gambling, pyromania (fire-starting) and trichotillomania (pulling one's hair out). Impulsivity, the key feature of these disorders, can be thought of as seeking a small, short term gain at the expense of a large, long term loss

Interstitial cystitis – bladder pain syndrome

Infantile paralysis – polio

Infectious parotitis – mumps

King’s evil – scrofula (tuberculosis of the lymph glands), supposedly cured by the touch of a king

Kleine-Levin Syndrome – (also known as Sleeping Beauty Syndrome) is a neurological disorder characterized by recurring periods of excessive amounts of sleep and altered behaviour

Klippel-Feil syndrome – distinctive ‘no neck’ look, suffered by Gladstone Small

Koplik spots – a prodrome (early symptom) of measles. White lesions in the mouth

Koro – a culture-specific syndrome in which an individual has an overpowering belief that his or her genitals (e.g., penis or female nipples) are retracting and will disappear

Labyrinthitis – an inflammation of the inner ear

Legionellosis – takes two distinct forms: Legionnaires' disease is the more severe form of the infection and produces pneumonia; Pontiac fever is caused by the same bacterium but produces a milder respiratory illness without pneumonia that resembles acute influenza. Legionnaires' disease acquired its name in 1976 when an outbreak of pneumonia occurred among people attending a convention of the American Legion in Philadelphia

Leucism – a condition characterized by reduced pigmentation in animals and humans. Unlike albinism, it is caused by a reduction in all types of skin pigment, not just melanin

Leukodystrophy – a group of disorders characterized by dysfunction of the white matter of the brain. The leukodystrophies are caused by imperfect growth or development of the myelin sheath

Lyme disease – tick-borne disease named after the town of Lyme, Connecticut, where a number of cases were identified in 1975

Mad hatter disease – caused by absorption of mercury

Myelitis – inflammation of white matter or gray matter of spinal cord

Myositis – inflammation of the muscles

Myxoedema – a term used synonymously with severe hypothyroidism

Osteomyelitis – inflammation of the bone marrow and adjacent bone

Osteoporosis – a decrease in bone mass and bone density and an increased risk and/or incidence of fracture

Otitis – inflammation of the ear

Paget's disease – a metabolic bone disease that involves bone destruction

Paronychia – bacterial or fungal hand infection or foot infection where the nail and skin meet at the side or the base of a finger or toenail

Pelegra – a disease caused by deficiency of niacin

Peritonitis – inflammation of the peritoneum, the thin tissue that lines the inner wall of the abdomen and covers most of the abdominal organs

Pertussis – whooping cough

Pes planus – flat feet or fallen arches

Phocomelia – a rare congenital disorder involving the limbs. Suffered by Alison Lapper

Pick’s disease – a rare neurodegenerative disease that causes progressive destruction of nerve cells in the brain

Pleursey – inflammation of the pleura, the linings surrounding the lungs

Porphyrias – a group of inherited or acquired disorders of certain enzymes in the heme bio-synthetic pathway

Posterior cortical atrophy (PCA) – also called Benson's syndrome, is most usually considered to be an atypical variant of Alzheimer's disease

Pott’s disease – affects the spine

Proteus Syndrome – a congenital disorder that causes skin overgrowth and atypical bone development, often accompanied by tumors on over half the body. Suffered by the Elephant Man (Joseph Merrick), who was saved by the surgeon Frederick Treves

Psittacosis – infectious disease transmitted to humans from birds

Quinsy – or peritonsillar abscess, is a recognized complication of tonsillitis

Rapunzel syndrome – a rare intestinal condition in humans resulting from ingesting hair (trichophagia). Trichophagia is sometimes associated with the hair-pulling disorder trichotillomania

Raynaud's phenomenon – a disorder causing discoloration of the fingers, toes, and occasionally other areas

Rosacea – skin disease of adults (more often women) in which blood vessels of the face enlarge resulting in a flushed appearance

Rubella – German measles

Rubeola – measles

Scabies – a contagious skin infection that occurs among humans and other animals. It is caused by a tiny and usually not directly visible parasite – the mite ''Sarcoptes scabiei''

Sialadenitis – inflammation of a salivary gland

Spondylitis – inflammation of a vertebra

Stroke – sometimes referred to as a cerebrovascular accident (CVA), cerebrovascular insult (CVI), or colloquially brain attack is the loss of brain function due to disturbance in the blood supply to the brain, especially when it occurs quickly. Two types – Haemorrhagic stroke – caused by the rupture of a blood vessel in the brain; Ischaemic stroke – caused by an interruption in the flow of blood to the brain (as from a clot blocking a blood vessel)

Stomatitis – an inflammation of the mucous lining of any of the structures in the mouth

Sydenham's chorea (also known as Saint Vitus’s Dance) – a disease characterized by rapid, uncoordinated jerking movements affecting primarily the face, feet and hands

Tetanus – characterized by a prolonged contraction of skeletal muscle fibres. The primary symptoms are caused by tetanospasmin, a neurotoxin produced by the Gram-positive bacterium ''Clostridium tetani''

Toxoplasmosis – a parasitic disease caused by the protozoan ''Toxoplasma gondii''

Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) – also known as prion diseases, are a group of progressive conditions that affect the brain and nervous system of many animals, including humans. Includes BSE and CJD

Trombiculosis – a rash caused by trombiculid mites which is often referred to as a chigger bite

Tuberculosis– TB (short for tubercles bacillus) is a common and often deadly infectious disease caused by various strains of mycobacteria. Mantoux test – used to detect latent tuberculosis infection

Typhus – was known as ‘jail fever’. Caused by Rickettsiae bacteria

Urticaria – (or hives) is a kind of skin rash notable for pale red, raised, itchy bumps. Also known as nettle rash

Vitiligo – condition that causes depigmentation of parts of the skin

Weil’s disease – transmitted by rats. Known as leptospirosis

Whitlow – (or felon) is an infection of the tip of the finger

== Glossary ==
Apgar score – devised in 1952 by Dr. Virginia Apgar as a simple and repeatable method to quickly and summarily assess the health of newborn children immediately after childbirth. The Apgar score is determined by evaluating the newborn baby on five simple criteria on a scale from zero to two, then summing up the five values thus obtained. The resulting Apgar score ranges from zero to 10. The five criteria (Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, Respiration) are used as a mnemonic

Aguesia – loss of sense of taste

Analgesia – the absence of the sense of pain while remaining conscious

Anosmia – loss of sense of smell

Anoxia – deficiency of oxygen. Same as hypoxia

Arthroscopy – examination of the interior of a joint, such as the knee, using a type of endoscope that is inserted into the joint

Balneotherapy – the treatment of disease by bathing

Bariatrics – deals with the causes, prevention, and treatment of obesity

Barium meal – a procedure in which radiographs of the oesophagus, stomach and duodenum are taken after barium sulfate is ingested by a patient

BMI (Body Mass Index) – defined as the individual's body weight divided by the square of their height. A BMI below 15 may indicate the person has an eating disorder; a number above 30 suggests the person is obese

Borborygmus – tummy rumbling

Bruxism – grinding of the teeth

Cellulite – herniation of subcutaneous fat within fibrous connective tissue that manifests itself as skin dimpling

Cerumen – earwax

Cholecystectomy – removal of the gall bladder

Claudication – limping

Complete Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (CAIS) – refers to a person who looks like a woman but who has undescended testes and no ovaries

Compound fracture – occurs when the edges of a broken bone puncture the skin

Congenital disorder – involves defects in or damage to a developing foetus, e.g. cleft lip and palate, sirenomelia (mermaid syndrome)

Contagious disease – one that can be passed only through direct contact

Decompression sickness – also known as the bends, or caisson disease

Deglutition – swallowing

Dental caries – tooth decay

Dialysate – the part of a mixture which passes through the membrane in dialysis

Peritoneal dialysis – uses the patient's peritoneum as a membrane across which fluids and dissolved substances are exchanged from the blood

Diaphoresis – excessive sweating

Diaphoretic – the state of perspiring profusely

Dolorimeter – an instrument used to measure pain threshold and pain tolerance

Dupuytren’s contracture – a fixed flexion contracture of the hand where the fingers bend towards the palm and cannot be fully extended

Dysphagia – difficulty in swallowing

Dysphemia – stuttering or stammering

Electromyography – study of electric currents set up in muscle fibres by bodily movement

Emetic – a medicine that induces nausea and vomiting

Epidemiology – deals with the study of the causes, distribution, and control of disease in populations

Epigastric sensation – sinking feeling in pit of stomach, due to nerves

Epinephrine autoinjector – a device for injecting a measured dose or doses of epinephrine (adrenaline)

Epistaxis – nose bleed

Etiology – the study of the causes of disease

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) – a technique of providing both cardiac and respiratory support oxygen to patients whose heart and lungs are so severely diseased or damaged that they can no longer serve their function

Fallen arches – flat feet

Fractures – closed (simple) fractures are those in which the skin is intact, while open (compound) fractures involve wounds that communicate with the fracture

Frozen shoulder – medically referred to as adhesive capsulitis, is a disorder in which the shoulder capsule, the connective tissue surrounding the glenohumeral joint of the shoulder, becomes inflamed and stiff

Genu valgum – commonly called ‘knock-knee’, is a condition where the knees angle in and touch one another when the legs are straightened

Globus hystericus – lump in the throat

Glossitis – inflammation of the tongue

Glossoplegia – paralysis of the tongue

Gram staining (or Gram's method) – an empirical method of differentiating bacterial species into two large groups (Gram-positive and Gram-negative) based on the chemical and physical properties of their cell walls. A gram-positive results in a purple-blue colour while a gram-negative results in a pink-red colour

Gravidity – the number of times a woman has been pregnant

Gynecomastia – the development of abnormally large mammary glands in males resulting in breast enlargement

Haemodialysis – dialysis using a machine

Haemolytic disease of the Newborn – if a mother is RH- and the father is RH+, the mother’s immune system may react against the foetus’s blood cells and destroy them because they seem foreign

Hallux vulgus – bunion, a deformity characterized by lateral deviation of the big toe

Halothane – an inhalant general anesthetic

Hammer toe – a deformity of the middle joint of the second, third, or fourth toe causing it to be permanently bent, resembling a hammer

Heimlich Manoeuvre – a method of abdominal thrusts, is a first aid procedure for clearing an obstructed airway

Hemicrania – migraine

Hepadectomy – removal of the liver

Hirudotherapy – the use of leeches in medicine

Histamine – a biologically active substance released from mast cells during an allergic reaction in response to an allergen. Antihistamines can be used to block the release of histamine that would otherwise occur as a result of exposure to an allergen

Horripilation – reflex erection of hairs of the skin in response to cold or emotional stress or skin irritation (goose pimples)

Hyperhydrosis – excessive sweating

Hypertension – high blood pressure

Hyperthymesia – a condition in which the individual possesses a superior autobiographical memory, meaning they can recall the vast majority of personal experiences and events in their lives

Hypopnea – episode of decreased rate and depth of breathing

Iatrogenesis – an inadvertent adverse effect or complication resulting from medical treatment or advice

Ice-cream headache, also known as sphenopalatine ganglioneuralgia, is a form of brief headache commonly associated with consumption (particularly quick consumption) of cold beverages or foods such as ice cream

Idiot savant – an intellectually disabled person who exhibits extraordinary ability in a highly specialized area

Index case – first case of a disease

Infection – invasion by and multiplication of pathogenic microorganisms

Insolation, thermopligia – sun stroke

Kyphosis – excessive curvature of the upper spine

Laminectomy is a spine operation to remove the portion of the vertebral bone called the lamina

Laparoscope – a slender endoscope inserted through an incision in the abdominal wall in order to examine the abdominal organs or to perform minor surgery

Lateral epicondylitis – tennis elbow

Lordosis – inward curvature of the spine

Magic bullet – a concept of selectively targeting a bacterium without affecting other organisms, most associated with Dr. Paul Ehrlich and syphilis research

Median lethal dose, LD50 (abbreviation for ‘lethal dose, 50%’) – the dose required to kill half the members of a tested population after a specified test duration

Melanocytic nevus – a mole

Mentoplasty – alters the jaw line or cheek

Methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) – a bacterium

Methicillin sensitive staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) – a bacterium

Moro reflex – also known as the startle reflex, is one of the infantile reflexes

Mycetism – mushroom poisoning

Mycosis – a condition in which fungi pass the resistance barriers of the human or animal body and establish infections

Neurosclerosis – hardening of nerve tissue

Neurosis – a class of functional mental disorders involving distress but neither delusions nor hallucinations

New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase (NDM-1) – an enzyme that makes bacteria resistant to a broad range of antibiotics. Superbug brought into UK from India

Nosocomial infections – infections picked up in hospitals

Nosology – a branch of medicine that deals with classification of diseases

Onychocryptosis – ingrown toenail

Oophorectomy – the surgical removal of an ovary or ovaries

Otology – study of hearing

Otorhinolaryngology – diseases of the ear, nose and throat

Palliative medicine – treatment that provides symptomatic relief but not a cure

Pap test – cervical smear, named after the Greek doctor Georgios Papanikolaou

Paresthesia – pins and needles

Pathogen – an agent that causes disease, especially a living microorganism such as a bacterium or fungus

Pica – an appetite for substances largely non-nutritive, such as clay, chalk, dirt, or sand

Plexos – rubber hammer used to test reflexes on knee

Polydactylism – a congenital physical anomaly in humans, dogs, and cats having more than the normal number of fingers or toes

Prophylaxis – preventive medicine

Potts fracture – ankle

Pre-eclampsia – a medical condition where hypertension arises in pregnancy in association with significant protein in the urine

Prepatella versitis – housemaid’s knee

Priapism – condition in which the penis is continually erect; usually painful and seldom with sexual arousal

Pruritus – itching

Pyrosis – heartburn

Refractory illness – does not respond to treatment

Rhytidectomy – a facelift

Salmonella – named after Daniel Elmer Salmon, an American veterinary pathologist

Schizophrenia – coined by Eugen Bleuler in 1908

Scrivener's palsy – writer’s cramp. Also known as graphospasm

Situs inversus – body organs on the wrong side

Stasis – a state in which the normal flow of a body liquid stops

Static aponea – holding your breath

Stent – an artificial 'tube' inserted into a natural passage/conduit in the body to prevent, or counteract, a disease-induced, localized flow constriction. Named after an English dentist

Sternutation – sneezing

Suture – a medical device used to hold body tissues together after an injury or surgery. Application generally involves of using a needle with an attached length of thread

Sweat test – measures the concentration of chloride that is excreted in sweat. It is used to diagnose cystic fibrosis

Synalgia – referred pain, also called reflective pain, is pain perceived at a location other than the site of the painful stimulus

Syncope – fainting

Trismus – lockjaw

Vasectomy – the male vasa deferentia are severed and then tied/sealed

Vector – any agent (person, animal or microorganism) that carries and transmits an infectious pathogen into another living organism

Viral infection types – A (causes epidemics), B (common in humans), C (found in pigs, dogs and humans)

Visual agnosia – the inability of the brain to make sense of or make use of some part of otherwise normal visual stimulus and is typified by the inability to recognize familiar objects or faces

Zoonoses – diseases caught from animals

== Veterinary medicine ==
Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) affects cats worldwide

Lime disease – carried by ticks, affects deer

Newcastle disease is an RNA virus which affects poultry

Schmallenberg virus causes congenital malformations and stillbirths in cattle, sheep, and goats. It appears to be transmitted by midges

Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV) – a virus found in primates related to HIV

Spondylosis Deformans – affects the spine, primarily found in dogs

Strangles – lymph node disease affecting horses and ponies. Equine distemper

Sweeny – wasting disease affecting horses

Entertainment/Pixar Films

2026-03-29T21:42:25Z

QRNeditor: Brought up to date

Pixar began in 1979 as the Graphics Group, part of the computer division of Lucasfilm before its spin-out as a corporation in 1986 with funding by Apple co-founder Steve Jobs

The Walt Disney Company bought Pixar in 2006 at a valuation of $7.4 billion, a transaction that resulted in Jobs becoming Disney's largest single shareholder at the time. Luxo Jr., the desk lamp character from a 1986 Pixar short film of the same name, is the mascot of the studio

The company is based in Emeryville, California

Pixar is best known for its CGI-animated feature films created with PhotoRealistic RenderMan, its own implementation of the industry-standard RenderMan image-rendering application programming interface used to generate high-quality images

A113 is an inside joke in animated films created by alumni of California Institute of the Arts, referring to the classroom used by graphic design and character animation students including John Lasseter and Brad Bird. It has appeared in every Pixar movie

The Pizza Planet truck appears in every Pixar film except ''The Incredibles''

John Ratzenberger has had a voice part in 24 of Pixar's feature films

== Directors ==
'''John Lasseter''' oversaw all of Pixar's films and associated projects as executive producer until 2018. In addition, he directed ''Toy Story'', ''A Bug's Life'', ''Toy Story 2'', ''Cars'', and ''Cars 2''

'''Andrew Stanton''' wrote and directed ''A Bug's Life'' (as co-director), ''Finding Nemo'', ''WALL-E and Finding Dory''. He also co-wrote all four ''Toy Story'' films and ''Monsters, Inc.''

'''Pete Docter''' directed ''Monsters, Inc.'', ''Up'', ''Inside Out'' and ''Soul'', and is a key figure and collaborator in Pixar Animation Studios

'''Brad Bird''' directed ''The Incredibles'' and ''Ratatouille''. Both films place among Pixar's highest-grossing features and gave Brad Bird two Academy Award for Best Animated Feature wins. He also directed ''Incredibles 2'' which was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Animated Feature

'''Lee Unkrich''' started at Pixar as a film editor. After co-directing ''Toy Story 2'', ''Monsters, Inc.'', and ''Finding Nemo'', Lee Unkrich made his solo directorial debut with ''Toy Story 3''. He also directed ''Coco''

'''Peter Sohn''' directed ''The Good Dinosaur'' and ''Elemental''. He also directed the short film ''Partly Cloudy''

'''Kelsey Mann''' directed ''Inside Out 2'', in his feature directorial debut

'''Domee Shi''' directed ''Turning Red'' and ''Elio''. She also directed the short film ''Bao''

== Music ==
'''Randy Newman''' has scored nine Pixar films – ''A Bug’s Life'', ''Monsters, Inc.'', ''Cars'', ''Cars 3'', ''Monsters University'', and all four ''Toy Story'' films

“You've Got a Friend in Me” is a song written and first recorded by Randy Newman. Originally written as the theme song for ''Toy Story'', it has since become the theme song for the three sequels

'''Thomas Newman''' is the cousin of Randy Newman. He scored ''Finding Nemo'', ''WALL-E'', and ''Finding Dory''

'''Michael Giacchino''' composed the scores for ''The Incredibles'', ''Ratatouille'', ''Up'', ''Cars 2, Inside Out, Coco,'' and ''Incredibles 2''

== The Films ==
'''''Toy Story''''' (1995)

''Toy Story'' follows a group of anthropomorphic toys who pretend to be lifeless whenever humans are present, and focuses on the relationship between Woody and Buzz Lightyear. The toys are owned by a boy named Andy Davis.

Buzz Lightyear’s catchphrase is "To infinity... and beyond!"

''Toy Story'' was the first Disney/Pixar film to be made, as well as the first feature film in history to be made entirely with CGI

Woody Tom Hanks

Buzz Lightyear Tim Allen

Mr. Potato Head Don Rickles

Slinky Dog Jim Varney. A dachshund

Rex Wallace Shawn. A green ''Tyrannosaurus rex''

Hamm John Ratzenberger. A piggy bank

Bo Peep Annie Potts. A shepherdess and Woody’s love interest

Andy Davis John Morris

'''''A Bug’s Life''''' (1998)

Tells the tale of an oddball individualist ant, Flik, who hires what he thinks are "warrior bugs" (actually circus performers) to fight off greedy grasshoppers. The film is a retelling of Aesop's fable ''The Ant and the Grasshopper''

Flik Dave Foley

Hopper Kevin Spacey. Dictator of the grasshopper gang

Princess Atta Julia Louis-Dreyfus. The soon-to-be queen of the colony

Dot Hayden Panettiere. Princess Atta's younger sister

Queen Phyllis Diller. The leader of the ant colony

P.T. Flea John Ratzenberger The owner of the circus

'''''Toy Story 2''''' (1999)

Woody is stolen by a toy collector, Al McWhiggin, prompting Buzz Lightyear and his friends to vow to rescue him.

Bullseye is Woody’s horse. Evil Emperor Zurg is a space villain action figure and Buzz Lightyear's archenemy

Woody Tom Hanks

Buzz Lightyear Tim Allen

Mr. Potato Head Don Rickles

Slinky Dog Jim Varney

Rex Wallace Shawn

Hamm John Ratzenberger

Bo Peep Annie Potts

Andy Davis John Morris

Jessie Joan Cusack

Mrs. Potato Head Estelle Harris

Barbie Jodi Benson

Stinky Pete Kelsey Grammer

'''''Monsters, Inc.''''' (2001)

The film centres on two monsters employed at the titular Monsters, Inc.: top scarer James P. "Sulley" Sullivan and his one-eyed partner and best friend Mike Wazowski. Monsters, Inc. employees generate their city's power by targeting and scaring children, but they are themselves afraid that the children may contaminate them. Randall “Randy” Boggs, a multi-legged lizard-shaped monster with a chameleon-like ability to change skin colour and blend in completely with his surroundings, is Mike and Sulley's rival in scream collection

Sulley John Goodman

Mike Billy Crystal

Randy Steve Buscemi

Boo Mary Gibbs

Abominable Snowman John Ratzenberger

'''''Finding Nemo''''' (2003)

Tells the story of the overly protective clownfish Marlin who along with a regal tang called Dory, searches for his son Nemo. Along the way he learns to take risks and that his son is capable of taking care of himself. ''Finding Nemo'' is the best-selling DVD title of all time

Marlin Albert Brooks

Dory Ellen DeGeneres

Nemo Alexander Gould

Gill Willem Dafoe. A Moorish idol fish

Bruce Barry Humphries. A Great white shark

'''''The Incredibles''''' (2004)

The film's title is the name of a family of superheroes who are forced to hide their powers and live a quiet suburban life. Mr. Incredible's desire to help people draws the entire family into a battle with a villain (Syndrome) and his killer robot

The Pizza Planet truck appears in every Pixar film except ''The Incredibles''

Bob Parr / Mr. Incredible Craig Nelson

Helen / Elastigirl Holly Hunter

Violet Parr Sarah Vowell

Dash Parr Spencer Fox

Frozone Samuel L Jackson. Bob’s best friend

Edna Mode Brad Bird. Costume designer

'''''Cars''''' (2006)

While traveling to California for the final race of the Piston Cup against The King and Chick Hicks, Lightning McQueen accidentally damages the road of the small town Radiator Springs and is sentenced to repair it. Lightning McQueen has to work hard and finds friendship and love in the simple locals.

Pixar's last film before the company was bought by Disney. It is the second Pixar film – after ''A Bug's Life'' – to have an entirely non-human cast

Lightning McQueen Owen Wilson

Doc Hudson Paul Newman. A 1951 Hudson Hornet

Sally Carrera Bonnie Hunt. A 2002 Porsche 911 Carrera

Mater Larry the Cable Guy. A 1951 tow truck

'''''Ratatouille''''' (2007)

The plot follows Remy, a rat who dreams of becoming a chef and tries to achieve his goal by forming an alliance with a Parisian restaurant's garbage boy, Linguini. The restaurant was made famous by Remy’s culinary hero, Auguste Gusteau. Remy guides Linguini like a marionette by pulling on his hair while hidden under Linguini's toque

Remy Patton Oswalt

Skinner Ian Holm. Head chef

Linguini Lou Romano

Anton Ego Peter O’Toole. Food critic nicknamed “The Grim Eater”

Colette Janeane Garofalo. Gusteau's rôtisseur (roast cook)

'''''WALL-E''''' (2008)

Follows the story of a robot named WALL-E who is designed to clean up a polluted Earth, facilitated by the megacorporation Buy 'n' Large ("BnL") in 2805. He eventually falls in love with another robot named EVE, and follows her into outer space on an adventure

WALL-E – Waste Allocation Load Lifter – Earth class

EVE – Extraterrestrial Vegetation Evaluator

Sigourney Weaver is the voice of the ''Axiom''‍ 's computer

''WALL-E'' so far has been the only Pixar film to not be completely animated, as it featured a small element of live-action footage

WALL-E Ben Burtt

EVE Elissa Knight

Captain McCrea Jeff Garlin. Commander of the starliner ''Axiom''

'''''Up''''' (2009)

The film centres on an elderly widower, named Carl Fredricksen, and a young Wilderness Explorer, named Russell, who fly to South America in a house suspended by helium balloons. Carl idolizes famous explorer Charles Muntz. Muntz has been accused of fabricating the skeleton of a giant exotic bird he says he discovered at Paradise Falls, and vows to return there to catch one alive

Carl Fredericksen Ed Asner

Russell Jordan Nagai

Charles Muntz Christopher Plummer

Dug Bob Peterson. A Golden Retriever

Kevin Pete Docter. The “Beast of Paradise Falls”, a large prehistoric bird

'''''Toy Story 3''''' (2010)

Andy is now 17 and ready to head off to college. When the toys are accidentally donated to Sunnyside Daycare they are welcomed by Lotso but soon they discover that the children mistreat them

Woody Tom Hanks

Buzz Lightyear Tim Allen

Mr. Potato Head Don Rickles

Slinky Dog Blake Clark

Rex Wallace Shawn

Hamm John Ratzenberger

Andy Davis John Morris

Jessie Joan Cusack

Mrs. Potato Head Estelle Harris

Lotso Ned Beatty. Full name Lots-O'-Huggin' Bear

Barbie Jodi Benson

Ken Michael Keaton

Mr. Pricklepants Timothy Dalton. A hedgehog

Stretch Whoopi Goldberg. An octopus

Bonnie Emily Hahn

'''''Cars 2''''' (2011)

Lightning McQueen and Mater head to Japan and Europe to compete in the World Grand Prix, but Mater becomes sidetracked with international espionage

Lewis Hamilton voices himself in ''Cars 2''

Despite being the first Pixar film to receive mixed reviews from critic, it was both a commercial and box office success

Finn McMissile Michael Caine

Holly Shiftwell Emily Mortimer

Miles Alexrod Eddie Izzard

Francesco Bernoulli John Turturro

'''''Brave''''' (2012)

Set in the Scottish Highlands, the film tells the story of a princess named Merida who defies an age-old custom, causing chaos in the kingdom by expressing the desire to not be betrothed. After consulting a witch for help, Merida accidentally transforms her mother into a bear and is forced to undo the spell herself before it is too late

Merida Kelly Macdonald

Queen Elinor Emma Thompson

King Fergus Billy Connolly

The Witch Julie Walters

Lord Dingwall Robbie Coltrane

'''''Monsters University''''' (2013)

Prequel to ''Monsters, Inc.'' Mike and Sulley start off as rivals at college, but slowly become best friends. Sulley joins the prestigious Roar Omega Roar fraternity. Mike joins the Oozma Kappa fraternity

Mike Billy Crystal

Sully John Goodman

Randy Steve Buscemi

Abominable Snowman John Ratzenberger

Dean Hardscrabble Helen Mirren. Chair of the Scarer program at Monsters University

'''''Inside Out''''' (2015)

The film is set in the mind of an 11-year-old girl, Riley, where five personified emotions try to lead her through life as she moves with her parents from Minnesota to San Francisco

Pete Docter first began developing ''Inside Out'' in 2009 after noticing changes in his daughter's personality as she grew older

Riley Andersen Kaitlyn Dias

Joy Amy Poehler

Sadness Phyllis Smith

Fear Bill Hader

Anger Lewis Black

Disgust Mindy Kaling

'''''The Good Dinosaur''''' (2015)

In an alternate timeline where Earth was never hit by an asteroid and dinosaurs never became extinct, a young ''Alamosaurus'' named Arlo loses his father in a tragic accident. He befriends a human caveboy that he names Spot

Arlo Raymond Ochoa

Spot Jack Bright

Butch Sam Elliott. A Tyrannosaurus

'''''Finding Dory''''' (2016)

''Finding Dory'' is focused on the amnesiac character Dory, who journeys to be reunited with her family. Sequel to ''Finding Nemo''. Became the second Pixar film to gross $1 billion after ''Toy Story 3''

Marlin Albert Brooks

Dory Ellen DeGeneres

Nemo Hayden Rolence

Hank Ed O’Neill. An octopus

Destiny Caitlin Olson. A whale shark

Bailey Ty Burrell. A beluga whale

'''''Cars'' 3''' (2017)

Lightning McQueen sets out to prove to a new generation of high-tech race cars like Jackson Storm that he is still the best racing car

Lightning McQueen Owen Wilson

Cruz Ramirez Cristela Alonzo. Lightning McQueen's trainer

Jackson Storm Arnie Hammer

Smokey Chris Cooper

Sterling Nathan Fillon. Rust-eze team owner

Mater Larry the Cable Guy

'''''Coco''''' (2017)

Inspired by Day of the Dead. A boy seeks the help of a deceased musician to return him to his family among the living and to reverse his family's ban on music.

Miguel Anthony Gonzalez

Hector Gael Garcia Bernal

Ernesto de la Cruz Benjamin Bratt

Mama Imelda Alanna Ubach

'''''Incredibles 2''''' (2018)

The Parr family as they try to restore the public's trust in superheroes while balancing their family life

Highest grossing Pixar film (at the time) and the third to gross $1 billion after ''Finding Dory'' and ''Toy Story 3''

Bob Parr / Mr. Incredible Craig Nelson

Helen / Elastigirl Holly Hunter

Violet Parr Sarah Vowell

Dash Parr Huckleberry Milner

Frozone Samuel L Jackson

Winston Deavor Bob Odenkirk

Evelyn Deavor Catherine Keener

'''''Toy Story 4''''' (2019)

The toys are joined by Forky, a spork that Bonnie has made into a toy, and embark on a road trip. Directed by Josh Cooley. Dedicated to Don Rickles and animator Adam Burke

Woody Tom Hanks

Buzz Lightyear Tim Allen

Forky Tony Hale

Bonnie Madeleine McGraw

Bo Peep Annie Potts

Ducky Keegan-Michael Key

Bunny Jordan Peele

'''''Onward''''' (2020)

Ian and Barley, two elf brothers, set out on a quest to find an artifact that will bring back their dead father

Ian Lightfoot Tom Holland

Barley Lightfoot Chris Pratt

Laurie Lightfoot Julia Louis-Dreyfus. Widowed mother of the brothers

‘Corey’ the Manticore Octavia Spencer

'''''Soul''''' (2020)

Joe Gardner, a jazz musician and music teacher, seeks to reunite his soul and his body after falling into a coma following an accident. Film was released to stream on Disney+

Joe Gardner Jamie Foxx

22 Tina Fey. A cynical soul

Moonwind Graham Norton. A spiritual sign twirler

Terry Rachel House. A soul counter

'''''Luca''''' (2021)

The film follows Luca Paguro, a sea monster boy with the ability to assume human form while on land, who explores the town of Portorosso on the Italian Riviera with his new best friend, Alberto Scorfano. Film was released to stream on Disney+

Luca Paguro Jacob Tremblay

Alberto Scorfano Jack Dylan Grazer

'''''Turning Red''''' (2022)

The film follows "Mei" Lee, a 13-year-old Chinese-Canadian student who transforms into a giant red panda when she gets too excited

Meilin "Mei" Lee Rosalie Chiang

Ming Lee Sandra Oh

Miriam Mendelsohn Ava Morse

'''''Lightyear''''' (2022)

After being marooned on a hostile planet with his commander and crew, Buzz Lightyear tries to find a way back home and encounters an army of ruthless robots

Buzz Lightyear Chris Evans

Izzy Hawthorne Keke Palmer

Sox Peter Sohn. A robotic cat

'''''Elemental''''' (2023)

Set in a world inhabited by anthropomorphic elements of nature, the story follows fire element Ember Lumen and water element Wade Ripple, who meet and fall in love after Wade is summoned by a plumbing accident at a convenience store owned by Ember's father, Bernie

Ember Lumen Leah Lewis

Wade Ripple Mamoudou Athie

Bernie Lumen Ronnie del Carmen

Cinder Lumen Shila Ommi

Gale Cumulus Wendi McLendon-Covey

Brook Ripple Catherine O’Hara

'''''Inside Out 2''''' (2024)

Riley turns 13 and enters the complex world of adolescence. Headquarters undergoes a sudden demolition to make room for new emotions (Anxiety, Envy, Ennui and Embarrassment), something Joy, Sadness, Anger, Fear, and Disgust weren’t prepared for

Riley Andersen Kensington Tallman

Joy Amy Poehler

Sadness Phyllis Smith

Fear Tony Hader

Anger Lewis Black

Disgust Liza Lapira

Anxiety Maya Hawke

Envy Ayo Ediberi

Ennui Adele Exarchopoulos

Embarrassment Paul Walter Hauser

'''''Eiio''''' (2025)

Elio, a space fanatic with an active imagination, finds himself on a cosmic misadventure where he must form new bonds with alien lifeforms, navigate a crisis of intergalactic proportions and somehow discover who he is truly meant to be

Elio Solis Yonas Kibreab

Olga Solis Zoe Saldana

Glordon Remy Edgerly. A worm-like alien

Lord Grigon Brad Garrett

Questa Jameela Jamil

OOOOO Shirley Henderson. A blue supercomputer

'''''Hoppers''''' (2026)

A 19-year-old animal lover uses technology that places her consciousness into a robotic beaver to uncover mysteries within the animal world beyond her imagination

Mabel Tanaka Piper Curda

Bobby Moynihan King George

Jon Hamm Jerry Generazzo

Kathy Najimy Dr. Sam Fairfax

Titus (Insect King) Dave Franco

Upcoming films

'''''Toy Story 5''''' (2026)

== Pixar at the Academy Awards ==
''Tin Toy'' is a 1988 Pixar Animation Studios short film using computer animation. It was directed by John Lasseter and won the 1988 Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film

''Geri’s Game'' (1997) and ''For the Birds'' (2000) also won the Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film

John Lasseter won a Special Achievement Award for ''Toy Story''

''The Incredibles'' was the first Pixar film to win more than one Academy Award

''Cars 2'' was the first Pixar feature film not to be nominated for any Academy Awards

Best Animated Feature winners – ''Finding Nemo'', ''The Incredibles'', ''Ratatouille'', ''WALL-E'', ''Up'', ''Toy Story 3'', ''Brave, Inside Out, Coco, Toy Story 4'', ''Soul''

''Monsters, Inc,'' ''Cars'', ''Incredibles 2'', ''Onward'', ''Luca'', and ''Inside Out 2'' were nominated for Best Animated Feature but did not win

Randy Newman won two Oscars – Best Original Song in 2002 for "If I Didn't Have You" from ''Monsters, Inc.'', and Best Original Song in 2011 for "We Belong Together" from ''Toy Story 3''

''Up'' won the Academy Award for Best Original Score, by Michael Giacchino

''Up'' and ''Toy Story 3'' were also the second and third animated films to be nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture (the first being Disney's ''Beauty and the Beast'')

''Coco'' won the Academy Award for Best Original Song (“Remember Me''”'')

''Bao'' won the Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film at the 2019 Academy Awards

== List of highest-grossing Pixar films ==
{| class="wikitable"
|Rank
|Film
|Worldwide box office
|-
|1
|''Inside Out 2''
|$1.70 billion
|-
|2
|''Incredibles 2''
|$1.24 billion
|-
|3
|''Toy Story 4''
|$1.07 billion
|-
|4
|''Toy Story 3''
|$1.06 billon
|-
|5
|''Finding Dory''
|$1.03 billion
|-
|6
|''Finding Nemo''
|$0.94 billion
|-
|7
|''Inside Out''
|$0.86 billion
|-
|8
|''Coco''
|$0.81 billion
|-
|9
|''Monsters University''
|$0.74 billion
|-
|10
|''Up''
|$0.73 billion
|}

Sport and Leisure/Winter Olympics

2026-03-28T17:24:18Z

QRNeditor: Fixed typos

Figure skating was included in the original programme of the 1900 Summer Olympics, but the competitions never took place. In 1908, four figure skating events were held in London. Sweden refused to include winter sports in the 1912 Games on the grounds that it would threaten their own Nordic Games. The organizers of the 1916 Games planned a separate Skiing Olympia but the Olympics were cancelled due to WWI. Figure skating and ice hockey were included in the 1920 Games

'''1908 London'''

Men’s figure skating – Ulrich Salchow

Special figures – Nikolai Panin (Kolomenkin), the first Russian Olympic gold medal winner. This was the only Olympics where Special figures was skated

Women’s figure skating – Madge Syers. Bronze – Dorothy Greenhough-Smith

Madge Syers won the British national championship in 1903 and 1904, when she defeated her husband

Pairs. Silver – Phyllis and James Johnson. Bronze – Madge and Edgar Syers

'''1920 Antwerp'''

Ice hockey played by seven-man teams. Two 20-minute periods with no substitutions. Canada won the gold medal round, which consisted of eight teams. The three teams that lost to Canada played off for second place. USA finished second, and Czechoslovakia beat Sweden to win the bronze match

Canada was represented by the Winnipeg Falcons

USA beat Switzerland 29-0 in a gold medal quarter-final match

Men’s figure skating – Gillis Grafstrom (Sweden). Bronze – Martin Stixrud (Norway), aged 44

Pairs. Bronze – Phyllis Johnson and Basil Williams

== 1924 Chamonix ==
In 1922, over the objections of Pierre de Coubertin, a motion was passed to stage ‘International Winter Sports Week 1924’ in Chamonix. The event was a success and was retrospectively named the First Olympic Winter Games. The Scandinavians dropped their objections and supported a proposal to continue the Winter Olympics every four years

16 events, 16 nations represented, 294 competitors (13 women)

At the closing of the games Pierre de Coubertin presented a prize for alpinisme to Charles Granville Bruce, the leader of the expedition that tried to climb Mount Everest in 1922

First event to be decided was the men’s 500m speed skating. First gold medal won by Charles Jewtraw (USA)

Clas Thunberg (Finland) won medals in all five speed skating events, including three gold medals (1500m, 5000m, and Allround (four races combined event, only raced in 1924))

Canada, represented by the Toronto Granites, won all five ice hockey matches, outscoring their opponents 110-3. Won final match against USA 6-1

Based on medal count, this was Great Britain's best ever performance at a Winter Olympic Games (Gold – curling, silver – four-man bob, bronze – women’s figure skating and ice hockey)

Men’s figure skating – Gillis Grafstrom

Women’s figure skating. Bronze – Ethel Muckelt (GB)

11-year-old Sonja Henie finished last (eighth)

Four-man bob – Switzerland

Ski jumping large hill – Jacob Thams (Norway). Bronze – Anders Haugen (USA), though he was not awarded the medal until 1974 due to a scoring error

== 1928 St. Moritz ==
Argentina were the first country from the Southern Hemisphere to compete in the Winter Games

Military patrol and skijoring were demonstration sports

Norway finished on top of the medal table with 15 medals (6 gold medals, 4 silver medals and 5 bronze medals)

Clas Thunberg won two more gold medals in speed skating (500m and 1500m)

Gillis Grafstrom (Sweden) won his third straight gold medal in men’s figure skating

Canada was advanced straight to the final round of the ice hockey, while the other ten nations were divided into three pools. The winners of the three pools joined Canada in the final round. Canada, represented by the Toronto Graduates, won all three matches, outscoring their opponents 38-0

15-year old Sonja Henie won the women’s figure skating

Pairs – Andree Joly and Pierre Brunet (France). Retained the title in 1932

Men’s speed skating 5000m – Ivar Ballangrud (Norway)

In the 10000m speed skating, Irving Jaffee was leading the competition, having outskated Norwegian defending world champion Bernt Evensen in their heat, when rising temperatures thawed the ice. In a controversial ruling, the referee – a Norwegian – canceled the entire competition. Although the International Olympic Committee reversed the decision, and awarded Jaffee the gold medal, the International Skating Union overruled the IOC and restored the referee's ruling

Skeleton. Bronze – David Northesk (GB)

== 1932 Lake Placid ==
Games opened by Governor Franklin D. Roosevelt. Eleanor Roosevelt took a run down the bobsled course

Figure skater Mollie Phillips was the first woman to carry a flag at the Opening Ceremony

USA topped the medal tally with a total of 12 medals (6 gold medals, 4 silver medals, and 2 bronze medals)

Sled dog race was a demonstration sport

European speed skaters were unhappy that local officials imposed a different set of rules than those with which they were familiar. Five-time Olympic champion Clas Thunberg refused to participate

Sonja Henie defended her figure skating title

Cecilia Colledge was the youngest ever British competitor at Olympics, aged 11 at 1932 Olympics. Colledge is credited as being the first female skater to perform a double jump, as well as being the inventor of both of the camel spin and the layback spin. Won silver medal in 1936

Only four nations entered the ice hockey, so each team played each other team twice. Canada won gold, USA silver, Germany bronze. The other team to compete was Poland

Men’s figure skating – Karl Schafer (Austria). Silver – Gillis Grafstrom

Men’s speed skating 5000m and 10000m – Irving Jaffee (USA)

Two-man bob raced for the first time. Won by brothers Hubert and Curtis Stevens (USA)

Eddie Eagan won gold in USA four-man bobsleigh team

Jay O’Brien became oldest person to win gold, in USA four-man bob, aged 48

Ski jumping large hill – Birger Ruud (Norway). Retained the title in 1936 and won silver in 1948. Ruud was an accomplished alpine skier and finished fourth in the Alpine combined in 1936

== 1936 Garmisch-Partenkirchen ==
Games opened by Hitler

Norway topped the medal table

The largest and heaviest medals ever were awarded to athletes

500,000 people attended the final day’s events

Alpine skiing events were included for the first time, with the combined event. Skiers were penalized six seconds for each gate missed during the slalom competition rather than being disqualified

The IOC declared that ski instructors could not take part in the Olympics because they were professionals. Incensed, the Austrian and Swiss skiers boycotted the events

Germany’s leading hockey player, Rudy Ball, was the only Jewish member of the German Winter Olympics team

Canada’s undefeated streak in ice hockey was halted at 20 by Great Britain

10 of the 12 GB ice hockey players lived in Canada

GB medals: gold – ice hockey, silver – women’s figure skating, bronze – four-man bob

Men’s figure skating – Karl Schafer

Women’s figure skating – Sonia Henie. Silver – Cecilia Colledge (GB)

Ivar Ballangrud won three gold medals in speed skating (500m, 5000m, and 10000m)

1940 '''Sapporo'''; '''St. Moritz'''; '''Garmisch-Partenkirchen'''

The 1940 Winter Olympics were awarded to Sapporo, but when Japan invaded China the games were reassigned to St. Moritz. The continuing dispute about ski instructors caused the Swiss to withdraw. The Germans volunteered Garmisch-Partenkirchen in July 1939, but four months later the event was cancelled due to World War II

1944 '''Cortina d’Ampezzo'''

Cortina d'Ampezzo had been awarded the games in June 1939, but due to World War II, the 1944 Winter Olympics were cancelled in 1941

== 1948 St. Moritz ==
St. Moritz was selected because it was located in Switzerland, which had remained neutral during the war, and also because it had already hosted a Winter Games

Germany and Japan were barred from competing

There were also two demonstration sports – military patrol and the winter pentathlon

Winter pentathlon involved five competitions: 10 km cross-country ski race, shooting, downhill skiing, fencing and horseback riding

Two American teams turned up to play in the ice hockey – the team from the American Hockey Association were allowed to play, the team from the American Olympic Committee were not allowed to play. Canada won the gold medal. Italy conceded 156 goals in their eight matches. Jaroslav Drobny won a silver medal as a member of the Czech team

For the first time, North America took gold medals in figure skating (Dick Button (USA) and Barbara Ann Scott)

Women’s figure skating – Barbara Ann Scott (Canada). Bronze – Jeannette Altwegg

Skeleton. Bronze – John Crammond (GB)

Men’s downhill raced for the first time. Won by Henri Oreiller (France)

Men’s slalom raced for the first time. Won by Edi Reinalter (Switzerland)

Alpine combined held for the last time until 1988

Women’s slalom raced for the first time. Won by Gretchen Fraser (USA)

== 1952 Oslo ==
Alpine skiing events were held at Norefjell, 113 km from the capital

Demonstration sport – bandy

All flags were flown at half-mast during the opening ceremony at Bislett Stadion following the death of George VI on 6 February

The Games closed with the presentation of a flag that would be passed from one Winter Olympics host city to the next. The flag, which became known as the ‘Oslo flag’, has been displayed in the host city during each subsequent Winter Games

Norway topped the medal table

Canada, represented by the Edmonton Mercurys, won the gold medal in ice hockey

Combined event replaced by giant slalom

Cross-country skiing event for women held for the first time

Men’s figure skating – Dick Button. First skater to perform a triple jump

Women’s figure skating – Jeannette Altwegg

Brother-sister pairs took the first four places in the pairs event

Hjalmar Andersen (Norway) won three gold medals in speed skating (1500m, 5000m, and 10000m)

Men’s giant slalom – Stein Eriksen (Norway). First skier from outside of the Alps to win an Olympic men’s Alpine gold medal, and the first skiing superstar

Greek slalom skier Antoin Miliordos fell 18 times on his run and crossed the finish line backwards

Women’s giant slalom and slalom – Andrea Lawrence (USA)

Women’s 10 km classical cross-country held for the first time

== 1956 Cortina d’Ampezzo ==
Cortina d'Ampezzo was selected with 75% of the votes, over bids from Montreal, Colorado Springs and Lake Placid

First games to be televised to a multi-national audience

Cortina Games were held before the Hungarian uprising, and the Suez War, which occurred in the autumn of 1956; the Winter Games escaped the boycotts that plagued the Melbourne Olympics

Athletes from West Germany (FRG) and East Germany (GDR) competed together as the United Team of Germany from 1956 to 1964

To remedy the lack of snow at the alpine skiing events, the Italian army transported large amounts of snow to ensure the courses were adequately covered

Last games at which figure skating competitions were held outdoors

First appearance by Soviet Union, who won more medals than any other nation

Soviet Union won ice hockey gold medal

Tony Sailer (Austria) won gold medals in downhill, slalom, and giant slalom

Chiharu Igaya won the silver medal in the men’s slalom, to become the first Japanese athlete to win a medal at the Winter Olympics

Women’s figure skating – Tenley Albright (USA)

Men’s figure skating – Hayes Alan Jenkins (USA). Bronze – David Jenkins, the younger brother of Hayes Alan Jenkins

Men’s 500m speed skating – Yevgeny Grishin (Russia). Retained the title in 1960

Poland won their first medal at the Winter Olympics, bronze in Nordic Combined

== 1960 Squaw Valley ==
Squaw Valley, California defeated Innsbruck in the bid process. At the time the Squaw Valley resort consisted of one chair lift, two rope tows, and a fifty-room lodge

In 1957 the United States government threatened to deny visas to athlete from Communist countries, causing the IOC to threaten to revoke Squaw Valley's right to host the 1960 Games. Bowing to international pressure, the United States allowed athletes from Communist countries entry for the Games

China and North Korea did not compete

In the men's slalom event, officials who were unsure if a skier had missed a gate asked CBS if they could review tape of the event. This request gave CBS the idea for what is now known as instant replay

The opening and closing ceremonies were produced by Walt Disney and televised by CBS. The 1960 Games were the first to have television broadcast rights sold to the highest bidder

Walt Disney was chairman of the Pageantry Committee in charge of the Opening and Closing ceremonies

Vice President Richard Nixon represented the United States government and declared the Games open. Carol Heiss took the Athletes’ Oath

Organizing committee refused to build a bobsled run because only nine nations were going to take part. This is the only time in Winter Olympic history that the bobsled events were not held

Biathlon was added to the Olympic programme

Soviet Union dominated the medal count winning 21 medals, 7 of which were gold

Women competed in speed skating for the first time with Lydia Skoblikova winning two gold medals (1500m and 3000m)

USA won ice hockey, and beat the Soviet Union for the first time. Team included the Cleary brothers and the Christian brothers

Men’s figure skating – David Jenkins. Bronze – Don Jackson (Canada), the first skater to perform a triple lutz

Women’s figure skating – Carol Heiss (USA), who married Hayes Alan Jenkins in 1961

Men’s downhill – Jean Vuarnet (France), the first gold medalist to use metal skis and no wax. Also invented the ‘egg position’, now known as the tuck

Kyung Soon-yim (South Korea) had only skied on grass before arriving at the Olympics

== 1964 Innsbruck ==
Innsbruck defeated Calgary and Lahti (Finland) in the bid process

Luge made its Olympic debut

North Korea participated in the Winter Games for the first time

Russia topped the medal table

A British lugist (Kazimierz Kay-Skrzypeski, born in Poland) and an Australian downhill skier (Ross Milne) were killed in practice

Lydia Skoblikova won all four women’s speed skating events (500m, 1000m, 1500m, and 3000m) to become the first athlete to win four gold medals in one Winter Olympics

Ice hockey – Soviet Union

Men’s figure skating – Manfred Schnelldorfer (Germany). Bronze – Scott Allen (US), the youngest male to win a medal at the Winter Olympics, aged 14

Pairs – Lyudmila Belousova and Oleg Protopopov. Retained the title in 1968

Men’s 500m speed skating – Terry McDermott. The only USA gold medal in 1964

Two-man bob – Tony Nash and Robin Dixon. Suffered a broken axle bolt during their first run, but Italian world champion Eugenio Monti loaned them an axle bolt. Monti won two gold medals in 1968 and was honoured as the first recipient of the Pierre de Coubertin medal for sportsmanship

Women’s giant slalom – Marielle Goitschel (France). Silver – Christine Goitschel, her sister

Women’s slalom – Christine Goitschel. Silver – Marielle Goitschel

Competitors in ski jumping allowed to use the best two of three jumps for the only time

Charles Palmer-Tomkinson, Tara’s father, was a competitor in the giant slalom and downhill events

== 1968 Grenoble ==
Grenoble defeated Calgary and four other cities in the bid process

IOC first permitted East and West Germany to enter separately

Sex tests for women and drug tests were introduced

Games opened by President Charles de Gaulle

First Olympiad to adopt a mascot, although unofficially. Schuss, the mascot, is a styled skier

Norway topped the medal table

Jean-Claude Killy (France) won gold medals in downhill, slalom, and giant slalom

Karl Schranz (Austria) claimed that a mysterious man in black crossed his path during the slalom race, causing him to skid to a halt. Given a restart, Schranz beat Killy’s time. However, a Jury of Appeal disqualified Schranz for missing two gates and gave the victory to Killy

Men’s giant slalom decided by a combination of two runs, rather than a single run, for the first time

Women’s giant slalom – Nancy Greene (Canada)

Women’s slalom – Marielle Goitschel. 4th Gina Hathorn

Avery Brundage demanded that all trademarks be removed from the skis used by competitors. The International Ski Federation rejected the ban

Three East German entrants were disqualified from the women’s luge for heating their runners

Franco Nones (Italy) won the 30 km race to become the first non-Scandinavian skier to win a men’s cross–country contest

Ice hockey – Soviet Union

Women’s figure skating – Peggy Fleming

Fleming was the only USA gold medal winner. Signed a $500,000 contract with Ice Follies

Men’s 500m speed skating – Erhard Keller (Germany). Retained the title in 1972

== 1972 Sapporo ==
Sapporo defeated Banff, Lahti, and Salt Lake City in the bid process

First Winter Olympics to be held outside Europe or the USA

Games opened by Emperor Hirohito

The Republic of China (Taiwan) participated in their first Winter Olympic Games

Ice hockey – Soviet Union

Canada withdrew from the ice hockey tournament as a protest against the hypocrisy of the eligibility rules. Professionals were not allowed, but the Communist nations used their leading players as there were no ‘professionals’ (their players were employed by the government)

Galina Kulakova (USSR) won all three cross-country skiing events for women

Japan won their first-ever gold medal (Yukio Kasaya) in the Winter Olympics, in the normal hill ski jumping event (and also won silver and bronze in this event)

Women’s figure skating. Bronze – Janet Lynn (USA). The Ice Follies offered her a three-year contract for $1.45 million, which made her the highest-paid female professional athlete of the time

Pairs – Irina Rodnina and Aleksei Ulanov

Ulanov married Lyudmila Smirnova of the number-two USSR team

Ard Schenk (Netherlands) won three gold medals in speed skating (1500m, 5000m, and 10000m)

Connie Carpenter (USA) finished seventh in the 1500m speed skating, and won the gold medal in the cycling road race in the 1984 Summer Olympics

Men’s downhill – Bernhard Russi (Switzerland)

Avery Brundage banned Karl Schranz from competing as he was earning money as a ‘tester and designer’ for ski product manufacturers

Men’s giant slalom – Gustav Thoni (Italy)

Men’s slalom – Paquito Ochoa, the first Spaniard to win a gold medal in the Winter Olympics. Silver – Gustav Thoni. Bronze – Roland Thoni (Gustav’s cousin)

Women’s downhill – Marie-Therese Nadig (Switzerland). Silver – Annemarie Proll

Women’s giant slalom – Marie-Therese Nadig. Silver – Annemarie Proll

Ski jumping large hill – Wojciech Fortuna, winning the first-ever gold medal for Poland at the Winter Olympics

Nordic combined – Ulrich Wehling (GDR). Retained the title in 1976 and 1980

== 1976 Innsbruck ==
The Games were awarded to Denver, but the people of Colorado voted to prohibit public funds from being used to support the games. The IOC then offered the games to Whistler, but they too declined. Salt Lake City offered itself as a potential host after the withdrawal of Denver. The IOC declined and selected Innsbruck

At the opening ceremony, two flames were lit, to celebrate both Innsbruck Games

The mascot was the Tyrolean snowman

Ice dancing was added to the programme

Canada and Sweden boycotted the ice hockey over the ‘professional’ players from the Communist nations

Ice hockey – Soviet Union

Czechoslovakia’s captain, Frantisek Pospipil, was chosen for a random drug test. The team trainer immediately admitted that Pospipil had been given codeine to contact a virus infection, but he was expelled by the IOC

Men’s figure skating – John Curry, who had moved to Colorado in 1973. Terry Kubicka (USA) became the only skater to legally perform a backflip during Olympic competition. The move was banned immediately afterward

Women’s figure skating – Dorothy Hamill

Hamill became the first female to sign a $1 million-a-year contract, with the Ice Capades

Curry and Hamill were both coached by Carlo Fassi

Pairs – Rodnina and Aleksandr Zaitsev. Retained the title in 1980

Tai Babilonia (who skated with Randy Gardner) was the first black athlete to compete at the Winter Olympics

Ice dance – Lyudmila Pakhomova and Aleksandr Gorshkov. Retained the title in 1980

Men’s 1000m speed skating held for the first time

Speed skater Sheila Young became the first US athlete to win three medals at a single Winter Olympics

East Germany won the four-man bobsleigh in 1976, 1980, and 1984

Luge timings changed from 1/100 of a second to 1/1000 of a second

Men’s downhill – Franz Klammer. Silver – Bernhard Russi

Women’s downhill – Rosi Mittermaier (Germany)

Women’s giant slalom – Kathy Kreiner (Canada). Silver – Rosi Mittermaier

Women’s slalom – Rosi Mittermaier

Men’s 30 km cross-country. Silver – Bill Koch (USA), the first American to win an Olympic Nordic skiing medal

Galina Kulakova (Russia), who won eight Olympic medals, finished third in the 5 km cross-country event, but was disqualified due to taking a nasal spray that contained the banned substance ephedrine, to become the first person in the history of the Winter Olympics to lose a medal because of a positive drug test

Normal hill ski jumping – Hans-Georg Aschenbach (GDR), who later admitted to having taken anabolic steroids for eight years

Large hill ski jumping – Karl Schnabl (Austria)

== 1980 Lake Placid ==
The only other candidate city to bid for the Games was Vancouver-Garibaldi; which withdrew before the final vote

The Games were an organizational disaster

The Lake Placid Games saw the only national boycott in the history of the Winter Olympics. People's Republic of China entered the Olympics Games for the first time after the IOC agreed to designate the Republic of China ‘Chinese Taipei’, so they boycotted

The mascots of the Games were Roni and Ronny, two raccoons

First use of artificial snow in Olympic competition

Games opened by Vice President Walter Mondale

Athletes’ Oath taken by Eric Heiden

Ice Hockey – USA. Nine of the USA team were from the University of Minnesota, as was the coach, Herb Brooks. USA bt Russia 4-3 in the match known as the ‘Miracle on Ice’. Winning goal – Mike Eruzione. Jim Craig recorded 39 saves. USA bt Finland in final match

Men’s figure skating – Robin Cousins, who trained in Colorado with Carlo and Christa Fassi

Women’s figure skating – Anett Potzsch (East Germany)

Eric Heiden won all five speed skating events (500m, 1000m, 1500m, 5000m, and 10000m) to become the first person in Olympic history to win five individual gold medals at one Games (three of Mark Spitz’s seven were in relay events)

Women’s speed skating 500m – Karin Enke

Women’s luge – Vera Zozulya (Russia). First non-German-speaking athlete to win a luge gold medal

Men’s downhill – Leonhard Stock (Austria)

Men’s giant slalom – Ingemar Stenmark. Silver – Andreas Wenzel (Liechtenstein)

Men’s slalom – Ingemar Stenmark. Silver – Phil Mahre (USA)

Women’s downhill – Annemarie Moser-Proll. Silver – Hanni Wenzel (Liechtenstein)

Women’s giant slalom decided by a combination of two runs, rather than a single run, for the first time

Women’s giant slalom and slalom – Hanni Wenzel, brother of Andreas

Men’s 30 km cross-country. Bronze – Ivan Lebanov, the first Bulgarian to win a medal in the Winter Olympics

Nikolay Zimyatov (Russia) won three gold medals in cross-country skiing

== 1984 Sarajevo ==
Sarajevo defeated Sapporo and Gothenburg in the bid process

The Winter Games took place in a Socialist country for the first time

The Republic of China ended its boycott of the Olympic Games over the controversy regarding the IOC's recognition of the People's Republic of China, and competed as Chinese Taipei for the first time

By 1992, the Olympic bobsled run had been transformed into an artillery position for Serbian guerrillas. The site of the slalom races was a Serb military installation and the Zetra Figure Skating Centre had been reduced to rubble

‘Speed Skater’ – poster by Andy Warhol

Mascot – Vucko, the little wolf

Disabled skiing was a demonstration sport for the first time

Stenmark was not allowed to compete because he was a professional

Marc Girardelli was not allowed to compete because he retained Austrian citizenship while skiing for Luxembourg

Austria won one bronze medal (Anton Steiner in men’s downhill skiing)

Lamine Gueye of Senegal was the first Black African skier to compete in the Winter Olympics

Marja-Liisa Hamalainen won all three individual cross-country races for women

Ice hockey – Soviet Union

Men’s figure skating – Scott Hamilton (USA). Silver – Brian Orser (Canada)

Women’s figure skating – Katarina Witt (GDR)

Ice dance – Torvill and Dean, performing ''Bolero''. Silver – Natalya Bestemianova and Andrei Bukin

Men’s speed skating 5000m – Tomas Gustafson (Sweden)

Women’s speed skating 500m – Christa Rothenburger (GDR)

Women’s speed skating 1000m and 1500m – Karin Enke

Men’s downhill – Bill Johnson (USA). Silver – Peter Muller (Switzerland)

Men’s giant slalom. Silver – Jure Franko, the first Yugoslav to win a Winter Olympics medal

Men’s slalom – Phil Mahre. Silver – Steve Mahre, Phil’s twin brother

Women’s downhill – Michela Figini (Switzerland), the youngest skier (aged 17) ever to win an Olympic gold medal

Women’s giant slalom – Debbie Armstrong (USA)

Normal hill ski jumping – Jens Weissflog (GDR)

Large hill ski jumping – Matti Nykanen (Finland)

== 1988 Calgary ==
Calgary defeated Falun (Sweden) and Cortina d'Ampezzo in the bid process

For the first time, the Alpine events were held on artificial snow. The Alpine programme expanded to five events with the inclusion of the super giant slalom and the reintroduction of the Alpine combined

Team events were added in Nordic combined and ski jumping (large hill)

The official mascots of the games were two western-attired polar bears named Hidy and Howdy

Curling, freestyle skiing, and short track speed skating were demonstration events

Disabled skiing was an exhibition sport

The host Canadian team failed to win a gold medal

Wilf O’Reilly won two gold medals in short track speed skating demonstration event

Yvonne van Gennip (Netherlands) won three gold medals in speed skating

In biathlon, Frank-Peter Roetsch (East Germany) became the first person to win both individual events

Ice hockey – Soviet Union

Men’s figure skating – Brian Boitano (USA). Silver – Brian Orser. Bronze – Victor Petrenko, the first Ukrainian to win a medal in an individual event at the Winter Olympics

Women’s figure skating – Katarina Witt. Bronze – Debi Thomas (USA), the first black athlete to win a medal in the Winter Olympics. Witt and Thomas independently elected to skate their long programme to music from Bizet's opera ''Carmen'' (known as Battle of the Carmens)

Pairs – Yekaterina Gordeyeva and Sergei Grinkov

Ice Dance – Natalya Bestemianova and Andrei Bukin

Men’s speed skating 5000m and 10000m – Tomas Gustafson

Women’s speed skating 500m – Bonnie Blair (USA). Silver – Christa Rothenburger

Women’s speed skating 1000m – Christa Rothenburger

Women’s speed skating 5000m skated for the first time

12-year-old Jan Hoffman (GDR) competed in figure skating. Youngest-ever male competitor

Bobsleigh event included competitors from countries with little or no snow. These countries included Jamaica (whose involvement spurred the movie ''Cool Runnings''), Mexico, and New Zealand. An informal "Caribbean Cup" of such countries was won by New Zealand. In the two-man event, the best result from a completely snow-less country was 29th by the Netherlands Antilles

Luge. Silver – Georg Hackl (Germany)

Men’s downhill – Pirmin Zurbriggen (Switzerland). Silver – Peter Muller. 8th Martin Bell

Men’s super G – Franck Piccard (France). Named after Frank Sinatra

Men’s giant slalom and slalom – Alberto Tomba (Italy)

Women’s giant slalom – Vreni Schneider (Switzerland)

Women’s slalom – Vreni Schneider

Rusiate Rogoyawa from Fiji entered the men’s 15 km classical cross-country event

Roberto Alvarez (Mexico) was so far behind in the men’s 50 km classical cross-country that race officials thought he had got lost and sent out a delegation to find him

Normal hill and large hill ski jumping – Matti Nykanen

Team ski jumping – Finland, including Matti Nykanen

Michael ‘Eddie the Eagle’ Edwards competed in the 70m and 90m ski jumps

== 1992 Albertville ==
A record of seven different locales bid for the Games

Seven other towns in the Savoy Alps hosted medal competitions

Competitions spread over 14 different sites

Short track speed skating, moguls and women's biathlon made their debut as an Olympic sport. The games were the last Winter Games to have demonstration sports, consisting of curling, aerials, ski ballet and speed skiing. It was the last Olympics to have an outdoor speed skating rink

Games opened by President Mitterand

Olympic flame co-lit by Michel Platini

Germany topped the medals table

Nicolas Bochatay was a Swiss speed skier who was killed when he collided with a snow grooming vehicle on the morning of the speed skiing finals

'''Alpine skiing'''

Men’s downhill – Patrick Ortlieb (Austria)

Men’s super G – Kjetil Andre Aamodt (Norway). Silver – Marc Girardelli (Luxembourg)

Men’s giant slalom – Alberto Tomba. Silver – Girardelli

Tomba became the first Alpine skier to win the same event twice. Most entrants ever in an event – 131, from 46 different nations

Men’s slalom – Finn Christian Jagge (Norway). Silver – Tomba (also won silver in 1994)

Alejandro Preinfalk Lavagni (Costa Rica) came last in the slalom and giant slalom

Women’s downhill – Kerrin Lee-Gartner (Canada), the first winner from a non-German-speaking country

Women’s super G – Deborah Compagnoni (Italy)

Women’s giant slalom – Pernilla Wiberg (Sweden)

Women’s slalom – Petra Kronberger (Austria). Bronze – Fernandez Ochoa (Spain), brother of Paquito Ochoa who won the slalom in 1972. First Spanish woman to win an Olympic medal in either winter or summer

Annelise Coberger of New Zealand won the southern hemisphere's first Winter Olympic medal – silver in the women's slalom

Women’s combined – Petra Kronberger

'''Figure skating'''

Men’s figure skating – Victor Petrenko

Women’s figure skating – Kristi Yamaguchi (USA). Her mother was born in a World War II internment camp for Japanese-Americans

Ice Dance. Silver – Paul and Isabelle Duchesnay, brother and sister from France, choreographed by Christopher Dean, who was Isabelle’s husband

'''Speed skating and Short track speed skating'''

Women’s speed skating 500m – Bonnie Blair. Silver – Ye Quaobo, the first Chinese athlete to win a Winter Olympic medal

Women’s speed skating 1000m – Bonnie Blair

Women’s speed skating 1500m. Bronze – Seiko Hashimoto, the first Japanese woman to win a Winter Olympic medal, also competed as a cyclist at three Summer Olympics

Women’s speed skating 3000m and 5000m – Gunda Niemann-Stirnemann (Germany)

Men’s short track 1000m held for the first time. Gold – Kim ki-hoon (Korea). 5th Wilf O’Reilly

Women’s short track 500m – Cathy Turner (USA). Retained the title in 1994

First ice hockey tournament played with a final, instead of pool matches. Soviet Union (Unified Team) bt Canada in the final

Luge – Georg Hackl (Germany), Retained the title in 1994 and 1998

Vegard Ulvang (Norway) and Bjorn Daehlie each won three gold medals in cross-country skiing

Men’s combined pursuit introduced. Won by Bjorn Daehlie. Two competitors from Morocco

Men’s 4x10 km and women’s 4x5 km cross-country relays changed from a freestyle event to an event where two skiers use the classical technique and two use the freestyle technique

Women’s combined pursuit introduced. Won by Lyubov Yegorova (Russia), who retained the title in 1994

Women’s 15 km freestyle cross-country introduced. Won by Lyubov Yegorova

Large hill ski jumping – Toni Nieminen (Finland)

Team ski jumping – Finland, including Toni Nieminen. Aged 16, he became the youngest male to win a Winter Olympics gold medal

Men’s moguls – Edgar Grospiron (France)

Women’s moguls – Donna Weinbrecht (USA)

== 1994 Lillehammer ==
The Games were the first to be held in a different year from the Summer Olympics, the first and only one to be held two years after the previous winter games

Lillehammer defeated Ostersund (Sweden), Anchorage, and Sofia in the bid process

The games also saw the introduction of stricter qualifying rules, reducing the number of under-performing participants from warm-weather countries. New events were two new distances in short track speed skating and aerials, while speed skating was moved indoors

Games opened by King Harald V

South Africa competed for the first time since 1960

'''Alpine skiing'''

Men’s downhill – Tommy Moe (USA). Silver – Aamodt

Conner O’Brien skied for his fourth different country

Men’s super-G and giant slalom – Markus Wasmeier (Germany)

Men’s slalom – Thomas Stangassinger (Austria)

Men’s combined – Lasse Kjus (Norway). Silver – Aamodt, who became the first Alpine skier to win five medals

Women’s downhill – Katja Seizinger (Germany). Silver – Picabo Street (USA)

Women’s super-G – Diann Roffe (USA)

Women’s giant slalom – Deborah Compagnoni. Retained the title in 1998, to become the first Alpine skier to earn gold medals in three different Olympics

Women’s slalom – Vreni Schneider. First female Alpine skier to win three gold medals

Women’s combined – Pernilla Wiberg. Bronze – Alenka Dovzan, first medal won by Slovenia

'''Figure skating'''

Elvis Stojko (Canada) won the silver medal in men’s figure skating in 1994 and 1998

Women’s figure skating – Oksana Baiul (Ukraine). Silver – Nancy Kerrigan. 8th Tonya Harding

On 6 January, Tonya Harding's ex-husband Jeff Gillooly hired Shane Stant to club fellow figure skater Nancy Kerrigan in the knee. Tonya Harding became a boxer

Pairs – Yekaterina Gordeyeva and Sergei Grinkov

Ice dance – Oksana Grischuk and Yevgeny Platov. Retained the title in 1998. Bronze – Torvill and Dean, performing ''Let’s Face the Music and Dance''

'''Speed skating and Short track speed skating'''

Men’s 1000m speed skating – Dan Jansen (USA). Jansen had won seven overall World Cup titles and set seven world records, but he had never won an Olympic medal

Johann Olav Koss won three gold medals in speed skating (1500m, 5000m, and 10000m)

Women’s speed skating 500m and 1000m – Bonnie Blair

Women’s speed skating 5000m – Claudia Pechstein (Germany). Retained the title in 1998 and 2002

Men’s short track 500m held for the first time. Bronze – Nicky Gooch

Men’s short track 1000m – Kim ki-hoon. Marc Gagnon (Canada) won the bronze medal despite not taking part in the final. He won the consolation final, and two skaters in the final were disqualified

Ice hockey final – Sweden bt Canada in a shootout. First ice hockey gold medal won by Sweden

USA became the first bobsleigh crew to be disqualified for overheated runners

Bosnia used a sled donated by Netherlands

Women can now enter luge two-seater, but no women have yet entered

Men’s combined pursuit – Bjorn Daehlie, becoming the first male cross-country skier to win five gold medals

Men’s 50 km classical cross-country – Vladimir Smirnov (Kazakhstan)

Women’s 15 km and 30 km cross-country – Manuela Di Centa (Italy)

Large hill ski jumping – Jens Weissflog

Women’s 7.5 km and 15 km biathlon – Myriam Bedard (Canada)

== 1998 Nagano ==
Nagano defeated Salt Lake City in the final round of voting. The host city selection was held in Birmingham in 1991

The games saw the introduction of curling and snowboarding

Games opened by Emperor Akihito

For the first time, the best professional hockey players in the world were allowed to compete. Czech Republic won gold, beating Russia 1-0 in the final. Shutout by goaltender Dominik Hasek

Women’s ice hockey made its first appearance. Body checking is not allowed. All women are required to wear full face masks. USA bt Canada in the gold medal match

Ross Rebagliati (Canada) tested positive for marijuana and was stripped of his snowboarding gold medal. It was the first time in Olympic history that an athlete was punished for taking a non-performance-enhancing drug. The IOC decision was appealed to the Court of Arbitration for Sport and Rebagliati’s victory was reaffirmed

Because of Japan’s strict gun control laws, biathlon rifles were kept under lock and key and biathletes had to submit to a retina scan to retrieve them

Curling tournament was held at Karuizawa, which hosted the equestrian events at the 1964 Summer Olympics, becoming the first city to hold events at both the Summer and Winter Olympics

'''Alpine skiing'''

Men’s downhill – Jean-Luc Chretier (France). Silver – Lasse Kjus. Martin Bell set a record by competing in his fifth Olympic downhill

Men’s super G – Hermann Maier (Austria). Silver – Didier Cuche (Switzerland)

Men’s giant slalom – Hermann Maier. Silver – Stephan Eberharter (Austria)

Men’s combined – slalom held before the downhill. Because of weather delays, the combined downhill was held on the same day as the regular downhill. Lasse Kjus won silver in both events, becoming the only Alpine skier to win two Olympic medals in one day

Women’s downhill – Katja Seizinger (Germany). First person to win the Olympic downhill twice

Women’s super G – Picabo Street

Women’s slalom – Hilde Gerg (Germany)

Australia won their first individual Winter Olympic medal when Zali Steggall won bronze in the women's slalom

Women’s combined – Katja Seizinger

'''Figure skating'''

Steven Cousins (GB) finished sixth in men’s figure skating

Women’s figure skating – Tara Lipinski (USA). Silver – Michelle Kwan (USA)

Tara Lipinski broke Sonja Henie’s record as the youngest winner of an individual event, aged 15. Surya Bonaly performed an illegal backflip

'''Speed skating and Short track speed skating'''

500m speed skating changed from a one-race to a two-race format. Final places are determined by the combined total of the two races

Men’s speed skating 5000m and 10000m – Gianni Romme (Netherlands)

Men’s curling – Switzerland

Women’s curling final – Canada bt Denmark, who won their first Winter Olympic medal. 4th GB (skip – Kirsty Hay)

Four-man bobsleigh. Bronze – GB (Sean Olsson, Dean Ward, Courtney Rumbolt, Paul Attwood)

Luge two-seater. Bronze – USA. First medal won by USA in luge

Men’s 50 km classical cross-country – Bjorn Daehlie, winning his eighth gold medal, his twelfth total medal, his ninth medal in an individual event, and his sixth gold medal in an individual event (tying Lydia Skoblikova)

Men’s 10 km classical cross-country saw the first appearance of a Black African in cross-country. Philip Boit and Henry Bitok were Kenyans trained in Finland in order to become competitive skiers. Both were former middle distance runners with no previous skiing experience. Their project was sponsored by Nike

Large hill ski jumping – Kazuyoshi Funaki (Japan)

Team ski jumping – Japan, including Masahiko Harada, who had lost Japan the gold medal in 1994 with a poor final jump. Okabe and Harada both jumped 137 metres, the longest ever jump in an Olympic ski jumping competition

Men’s 10 km biathlon – Ole Einar Bjorndalen (Norway)

Women’s 15 km biathlon – Yekaterina Dafovska, winning Bulgaria’s first gold medal at the Winter Olympics

Women’s moguls – Tae Satoya, becoming the first Japanese woman to earn a gold medal in the Winter Olympics

== 2002 Salt Lake City ==
Salt Lake City was chosen over Quebec City, Sion (Switzerland), and, Ostersund

Scandal broke in December 1998, when Swiss IOC member Marc Hodler, head of the coordination committee overseeing the organization of the 2002 games, announced that several members of the IOC had taken bribes. As a result of an investigation, ten members of the IOC were expelled and another ten were sanctioned

Mascots – Powder (a hare), Copper (a coyote), and Coal (a bear)

Emblem – a snow crystal

The opening ceremony featured LeAnn Rimes singing ''Light the Fire Within'', the official song of the 2002 Olympics

John Williams composed a five-minute work for orchestra and chorus, ''Call of the Champions'', that served as the official theme of the 2002 Winter Olympics

Games opened by President George W Bush

The closing ceremony marked the final live performance of KISS

Norway tied the Soviet Union at the 1976 Winter Olympics for most gold medals at a Winter Olympics, with 13

Germany set a record for most total medals at a Winter Olympics, with 36

Men’s skeleton was held in 1928 and 1948, then not until 2002

Women’s skeleton was held for the first time in 2002

'''Alpine skiing'''

Men’s downhill – Fritz Strobl (Austria)

Men’s combined and super-G – Aamodt

Men’s giant slalom – Eberharter

Men’s slalom – Jean-Pierre Vidal (France)

Alain Baxter finished third in slalom. He sparked controversy at the time, by dying his hair with the Saltire cross of St Andrew. A few days after his return home, Baxter discovered that he had failed a drug test. The bronze was then awarded to Austrian Benjamin Raich

Bode Miller won silver medals in the combined and giant slalom

Janica Kostelic (Croatia) won gold medals in the combined, giant slalom and slalom, and a silver medal in the super-G. The first Winter Olympic medals ever for an athlete from Croatia and the first three-gold performance by a female

Women’s downhill – Carole Montillet (France)

Women’s super-G – Daniela Ceccarelli (Italy)

'''Figure skating'''

Men’s figure skating – Alexei Yagudin (Russia). Silver – Plushenko

American Sarah Hughes won the gold medal in figure skating. Michelle Kwan fell during her long program and received the bronze medal

In the figure skating pairs competition, Yelena Berezhnaya and Anton Sikharulidze of Russia had won the short program over Jamie Sale and David Pelletier of Canada. In the free skate, Berezhnaya and Sikharulidze made a minor (but obvious) technical error. Meanwhile, Sale and Pelletier skated a flawless program, albeit one that many experts considered to be of lesser difficulty than that of the Russians, who were awarded the gold medal. There was immediate suspicion of cheating. The French judge, Marie-Reine Le Gougne said that she had been pressured by the head of the French skating organization, Didier Gailhaguet, to vote for the Russian pair regardless of how the others performed. Sale and Pelletier's silver medal was upgraded to a gold medal. The judging system was changed for the 2006 Olympics

'''Speed skating and Short track speed skating'''

Men’s and women’s short track 1500m held for the first time

Men’s short track 1500m – Apolo Anton Ohno (USA). Also won silver in 1000m

China won its first and second Winter Olympic gold medals, both by women's short-track speed skater Yang Yang (A)

One of the most memorable stories of the event occurred at the men's short track 1000m. Australian skater Steven Bradbury, a competitor who had won a bronze in 1994 as part of a relay team but well off the pace of the medal favourites, cruised off the pace in his semi-final only to see three of his competitors crash into each other, allowing him to finish second and go through to the final. Bradbury was again well off the pace, but all four other competitors crashed out in the final turn, leaving Bradbury to take the most unlikely of gold medals, the first for Australia – or any other country of the Southern Hemisphere – in the Winter Olympic Games

Two-woman bobsleigh held for the first time, over two runs. Vonetta Flowers (USA) became the first black person to win a gold medal in the Winter Olympics

The cross-country skiing events were marred by drug problems. The winners of three races were disqualified after blood tests showed that three skiers had overly high red blood cell counts indicating the use of darbepoetin

Sprint cross-country skiing events held for the first time (1500m freestyle)

Women’s curling final – GB (Rhona Martin, Debbie Knox, Fiona MacDonald, Janice Rankin) bt Switzerland

Both the men's and women's ice hockey tournaments were won by Canada, defeating USA in both games

Luge. Silver – Hackl

Women’s luge – Sylke Otto (Germany). Retained the title in 2006

Women’s skeleton. Bronze – Alex Coomber

Simon Ammann of Switzerland took the double in ski jumping

Adam Małysz (Poland) won the silver medal in the large hill and the bronze medal in the normal hill ski jumping

Glynn Pedersen represented UK in ski jumping

Snowboard parallel giant slalom – Philipp Scoch (Switzerland)

Ole Einar Bjorndalen of Norway won gold in all four men's biathlon events (10 km, 12.5 km, 20 km, 4 x 7.5 km relay

Nordic combined athlete Samppa Lajunen of Finland won three gold medals

== 2006 Turin ==
Turin beat Sion (Switzerland) in the bid

The Olympic mascots of Torino 2006 were Neve (‘snow’ in Italian), a female snowball, and Gliz, a male ice cube. The official motto of the XX Olympic Winter Games was ‘Passion lives here’

Events that made their Olympic debut in Turin included mass start biathlon, team sprint cross country skiing, snowboard cross and team pursuit speed skating. The classical men's 50 km and women's 30 km distances, which were held at the previous Winter Games in 2002, were not held in these Games, as these events were alternated with freestyle events of the same distances. Most of the cross country skiing events at these Games involved different distances from those in Salt Lake City

Stefania Belmondo, a 10-time Olympic medalist in cross-country skiing, lit the Olympic Flame during the opening ceremony. Rhona Martin carried the GB flag

In the closing ceremony, Manuela Di Centa, a seven-time Olympic medalist from Italy and then-member of the IOC, was scheduled to present the medals for the men's 50 kilometre cross-country skiing event. This resulted in her presenting the gold medal to her own brother when Giorgio Di Centa won the event to take his second gold medal

Shelley Rudman carried the GB flag at the closing ceremony

Germany topped the medal table

'''Alpine skiing'''

Men’s downhill – Antoine Deneriaz (France)

Men’s combined – Ted Ligety (USA). Bode Miller disqualified. 14th Noel Baxter (GB)

Men’s super-G – Aamont

Men’s giant slalom and slalom – Benjamin Raich (Austria)

Women’s downhill – Michaela Dorfmeister (Austria). 11th Chemmy Alcott (GB)

Women’s combined – Janica Kostelic (Croatia)

Chemmy Alcott disqualified from Women’s combined because her skis were too narrow (should be at least 60 mm)

Women’s super-G – Michaela Dorfmeister

Women’s giant slalom – Julia Mancuso (USA)

Women’s slalom – Anja Paerson (Sweden)

Kjetil Andre Aamodt and Janica Kostelic both won their fourth gold medals. Aamodt also set the overall medal record in the sport with eight

'''Figure skating'''

Men’s figure skating – Evgeni Plushenko (Russia)

Women’s figure skating – Shizuka Arakawa (Japan)

'''Speed skating and Short track speed skating'''

Cindy Klassen (Canada) won five medals in speed skating (one gold, two silver, and two bronze)

Women’s 5000m – Clara Hughes (Canada)

South Korea won six of the eight gold medals in short track speed skating

Men’s 500m – Apolo Anton Ohno

Shani Davis (USA) became the first black athlete from any nation to win a gold medal in an individual sport at the Olympic Winter Games, winning the speed skating 1000m event. Defended the title in 2010

Latvia won its first winter Olympic medal when Martiņs Rubenis took the bronze in the men's luge

Men’s skeleton – Duff Gibson (Canada). Gibson became the oldest individual gold medalist in the history of the Winter Games, aged 39

Women’s skeleton – Maya Pedersen (Switzerland). Silver – Shelley Rudman (GB)

Lascelles Brown became the first Jamaican-born competitor to win a medal at the Winter Olympics, competing on the Canadian two-man bobsleigh team which finished second

Women’s ice hockey final – Canada bt Sweden

Men’s ice hockey final – Sweden bt Finland

Women’s curling final – Sweden bt Switzerland

Men’s curling third-place play-off – USA bt GB (skip – David Murdoch)

Men’s curling final – Canada bt Finland

Women’s cross country 10 km and 15 km pursuit – Kristina Smigun (Estonia), the first Estonian woman to win a medal at the Winter Olympics

Ski jumping large hill – Thomas Morgenstern (Austria)

Snowboard halfpipe – Shaun White

Snowboard parallel giant slalom – Philipp Scoch (Switzerland), defeated his brother Simon in the final

Snowboard cross – Seth Westcott (USA). Retained the title in 2010

== 2010 Vancouver ==
Vancouver beat Pyeongchang and Salzburg in the bid

Opening ceremony – flame lit by Wayne Gretsky, GB flag carried by Shelley Rudman, Canada flag carried by Clara Hughes

Games motto – ‘with glowing hearts’ / ‘des plus brilliants exploits’

Mascots – Miga (sea bear), Quatchi (sasquatch) and Sumi (animal spirit, mascot for Paralympics)

Emblem – Ilanaaq (Inuktitut word for ‘friend’), a traditional stone sculpture

Alpine events held in Whistler

Closing ceremony – Amy Williams carried GB flag, Joannie Rochette carried Canadian flag

For the first time, Olympic ice hockey matches were played on a narrower NHL-sized ice rink, instead of the international size

Luge competitor Nodar Kumaritashvili (Georgia) died in a training accident

Canada became the first host nation since Norway in 1952 to lead the gold medal count. With 14, Canada broke the record for the most gold medals won at a single Winter Olympics. The United States broke the record for the most medals won at a single Winter Olympics, with 37

Leading individual medal winners – Marit Bjoergen (Norway, women’s cross country skiing, 3-1-1), Meng Wang (China, short track, 3-0-0), Petter Northug (Norway, cross country skiing, 2-1-1)

'''Alpine skiing'''

Men’s downhill – Didier Defago (Switzerland). Silver – Aksel Lund Svindal, Bronze – Bode Miller

Men’s super-G – Svindal

Men’s giant slalom – Carlo Janka (Switzerland)

Men’s slalom – Guiliano Razzoli (Italy)

Men’s super combined – Miller

Ivaka Kostelic (Croatia) won two silver medals. He is the elder brother of Janica Kostelic

Women’s downhill – Vonn. Silver –Mancuso, Bronze – Goergl. 13th Chemmy Alcott

Anja Paerson crashed after flying for nearly 60m off the final jump. Marion Rolland crashed after five seconds

Women’s super-G – Andrea Fischbacher (Austria)

Women’s giant slalom – Viktoria Rebensburg (Germany)

Women’s slalom – Maria Riesch

Women’s super combined – Reisch. Silver – Mancuso. Bronze – Paerson (winning her sixth Olympic medal)

Tina Maze (Slovenia) won two silver medals

'''Figure skating'''

Men’s figure skating – Evan Lysacek (USA). Silver – Plushenko

Women’s figure skating – Kim Yu-Na (South Korea). Silver – Mao Asada, Bronze – Joannie Rochette (Canada), whose mother died the previous week

First time after 1960 that a Russian, Soviet or Unified Team (CIS) flagged team did not win the pair skating gold medal. Won by Chinese team of Shen Xue and Zhao Hongbo

Ice Dance – Moir and Virtue (Canada). 8th John and Sinead Kerr

'''Speed skating and Short track speed skating'''

Apolo Anton Ohno won his seventh and eighth speed skating Olympic medals, beating Bonnie Blair’s record for most medals won by a US Winter Olympian

John Eley (GB) finished sixth in 500m short track

Mens’s 10000m speed skating – Lee Seunh-Hoon (South Korea). Sven Kramer (Netherlands), who had not lost a 10000m race since 2006, finished first but was disqualified due to a missed lane change

Men’s 5000m speed skating – Sven Kramer

Haralds Silovs (Latvia) competed in the 1500m short track and 5000m long track speed skating events in the same day. He is the only athlete in the history of the Winter Olympics to compete in both short track and long track events at the same Games, and the only athlete to compete in two different disciplines on the same day

Norwegian biathlete Ole Einar Bjoerndalen won his 11th Olympic medal. Only fellow Norwegian Bjorn Daehlie has won more Olympic medals, with 12 in total

Four-man bobsleigh – USA. Bobsled known as the ‘night train’

Men’s curling play-off – Sweden bt GB (skip – David Murdoch)

GB women’s curling team eliminated by Canada. GB Skip – Eve Muirhead

Women’s curling final – Sweden bt Canada

Men’s curling final – Canada bt Norway. Skip – Kevin Martin

Alexandre Bilodeau won Canada’s first ever Olympic gold medal on home soil in the men’s mogul event

Jeret Petersen performed a trick known as the ‘hurricane’ in Men’s Aerials

Men’s halfpipe – Shaun White, known as the ‘flying tomato’, who included the ‘double McTwist 1260’, also known as the ‘tomahawk’

Women’s halfpipe – Torah Bright (Australia)

Men’s ice hockey final – Canada bt USA. Winning goal scored by Sidney Crosby (Pittsburgh Penguins)

Women’s ice hockey final – Canada bt USA

Men’s luge – Felix Loch (Germany)

Women’s skeleton – Amy Williams, 6th Shelley Rudman. A Canadian complaint about the helmet worn by Williams was rejected. Williams’ sled is known as ‘Arthur’

Men’s skeleton – Jon Montgomery (Canada), 6th Kristan Bromley

Simon Ammann won both ski jumping hills, having won the double eight years ago. Adam Malysz won silver medals on both hills

== 2014 Sochi ==
Sochi beat Pyeongchang and Salzburg in the bid process

Opening ceremony held at Fisht Olympic Stadium. Flame lit by Vladislav Tretiak and Irina Rodnina. GB flag carried by Jon Eley. Games motto – ‘Hot. Cool. Yours.’ Mascots – a polar bear, a European hare, and an Amur leopard

Events held at Sochi Olympic Park (Coastal Cluster) and Krasnaya Polyana (Extreme Park)

New events approved – Ski slopestyle, snowboard slopestyle, and snowboard parallel special slalom

Sochi 2014's organizers make a joke at their own expense during the Winter Olympics closing ceremony after the fifth Olympic ring ‘fails’ to unfurl

Lizzy Yarnold carried GB flag at closing ceremony

Russia topped the medal table

'''Alpine skiing'''

Men’s downhill – Matthias Mayer (Austria)

Men’s super-G – Kjetil Jansrud (Norway). Bronze – Bode Miller

Bode Miller, 36, became the oldest alpine skier to win an Olympic medal and became the joint-second most successful US Winter Olympian alongside Bonnie Blair, with six medals

Men’s giant slalom – Ted Ligety. First non-European winner of this event

Men’s slalom – Mario Matt (Austria). Aged 34, Matt became the oldest champion in Olympic alpine skiing

Men’s super-combined – Sando Viletta (Switzerland)

Women’s downhill – Dominique Gisin (Switzerland) and Tina Maze shared the gold medal

Women’s super-G – Anna Fenninger (Austria)

Women’s giant slalom – Tina Maze. Vanessa-Mae, competing as Vanessa Vanakorn (Thailand), finished last

Women’s slalom – Mikaela Shiffrin (USA). Aged 18, Shiffrin became the youngest champion in Olympic alpine skiing

Women’s super-combined – Maria Hofl-Riesch

'''Figure skating'''

Men’s figure skating – Yuzuru Hanyu (Japan)

Women’s figure skating – Adelina Sotnikova (Russia). Silver – Kim Yuna. This event led to a controversy on the scoring and judging

Ice dance – Meryl Davis and Charlie White (USA). Silver – Tessa Virtue and Scott Moir (Canada). 10th Penny Coomes and Nick Buckland

Davis and White were the first ice dance gold medalists from USA

'''Speed skating and Short track speed skating'''

Speed skating 500m – Michel Mulder (Netherlands). Bronze – Ronald Mulder, his twin brother

Elise Christie failed to finish in all three short track speed skating events

Bjoerndalen won his 13th Olympic medal – gold in mixed biathlon relay

Marit Bjorgen won her third gold medal in cross-country skiing and equaled the record for most Winter Olympic medals by a woman, with 10, six of them gold

Alex Bilodeau retained moguls Olympics title

Slopestyle snowboard – Sage Kotsenburg (USA). First gold medal to be awarded

Women’s moguls – Canadian sisters Justine Dufour-Lapointe and Chloe Dufour-Lapointe won gold and silver

Women’s slopestyle snowboard – Jamie Anderson (USA). Bronze – Jenny Jones. GB’s first-ever medal on snow

Ski jumping normal hill and large hill both won by Kamil Stoch (Poland)

Women’s normal hill – Carina Vogt (Germany). First women’s ski jumping competition

Women’s skeleton – Lizzie Yarnold. Sled is called ‘Mervyn’

Felix Loch retained men's luge title

Women’s luge – Natalie Geisenberger. Retained the title in 2018

Men's four-man bobsleigh - GB upgraded to bronze after two Russian crews were disqualified

Women’s bobsleigh – Canada. Silver – USA-2, with Olympic sprinter Lauren Williams

Williams became the fifth person to have won a medal in both the Summer and Winter Olympic games

Former Olympic hurdler Lolo Jones represented USA-3 in bobsleigh

Women’s curling final – Canada bt Sweden. Skip – Jennifer Jones. Canada were unbeaten in the tournament

Bronze medal match – GB (Muirhead, Sloan, Adams, Hamilton) bt Switzerland

Men’s curling final – Canada bt GB (Murdoch, Drummond, Andrews, Goodfellow). Canada skip – Brad Jacobs

Men’s ice hockey final – Canada bt Sweden

Women’s ice hockey final – Canada bt USA

== 2018 Pyeongchang ==
The winning bid by Pyeongchang was announced in 2011 after the 123rd IOC Session in Durban. The two other candidates which applied to host the games were Annecy (France) and Munich

Opening ceremony – flame lit by Kim Yuna. GB flag carried by Lizzy Yarnold. Korea march under one flag. Games motto – ‘Passion. Connected.’ Mascot – Soohorang, a white tiger. Tonga flag bearer is bare-chested Pita Taufatofua. US decide flag carrier by toss of coin, won by Erin Hamlin. Shani Davis boycotts ceremony after losing the toss. Olympic rings made by drones, using augmented reality

92 nations took part, including Olympic Athletes from Russia

102 gold medals on offer across 15 disciplines

Closing ceremony. Billy Morgan carries GB flag

Final medal table – 1st Norway (14-14-11) 39 2nd Germany (14-10-7) 31 3rd Canada (11-8-10) 29 19th GB (1-0-4) 5

Mountain cluster venue – Alpensia Sports Park

Coastal cluster venues – Gangneung

'''Alpine skiing'''

Men’s downhill – Aksel Lund Svindal

Men’s super-G – Matthias Mayer

Men’s giant slalom – Marcel Hirscher

Men’s slalom – Andre Myhrer (Sweden) 9th Dave Ryding

Men’s combined – Marcel Hirscher

Women’s downhill – Sofia Goggia (Italy). Bronze – Lindsey Vonn

Women’s super-G – Ester Ledecka (Czech Republic)

Women’s giant slalom – Mikaela Schiffren

Women’s slalom – Frida Hansdotter (Sweden)

Women’s combined – Michelle Gisin (Switzerland). Sister of Dominique, who won the downhill in 2014

Alpine team – Switzerland. Parallel slalom event with two males and two females on each team

'''Figure skating'''

Men’s figure skating – Yuzuru Hanyu (Japan)

Fans throw Winnie the Pooh toys onto the ice after Hanyu has skated

Women’s figure skating – Alina Zagitova (OAR), aged 15. 2nd Medvedeva

Ice dance – Tessa Virtue and Scott Moir. 11th Penny Coomes and Nick Buckland

'''Speed skating and Short track speed skating'''

Speed skating 5000m – Sven Kramer. Third successive title

Women’s 1500m speed skating – Ireen Wust (Netherlands). Tenth Olympic medal

Elise Christie failed to finish in all three short track speed skating events

Short track speed skating 5000m relay – Hungary. First ever gold medal. Team contains Shaoang Liu, who was Elise Christie’s boyfriend

'''Snowboarding'''

Snowboard slopestyle – Red Gerard (USA). Aged 17

Snowboard halfpipe – Sean White. Third gold medal

Women’s snowboard halfpipe – Chloe Kim (USA). Aged 17

Women’s snowboarding parallel giant slalom – Ledecka

Big air. Bronze – Billy Morgan

First Olympic big air competition won by Anna Gasser (Austria)

Ski slopestyle. 4th James Wood

Women’s ski slopestyle. Bronze – Isabel Atkin

First gold medal – Charlotte Kalla (Sweden), in women’s skiathlon

Skiathlon. 7th Andrew Musgrave

Ski jumping large hill – Stoch

Ski jumper Norai Kasai competes in eighth Olympics for Japan

Luge – David Gleirscher (Austria). 5th Felix Loch

Skeleton – Yun (South Korea). Bronze – Dom Parsons. Britain's first men's skeleton medal since John Crammond in 1948

Akwasi Frimpong represents Ghana in skeleton

Women’s skeleton – Yarnold. Bronze – Laura Deas

Two-man bobsleigh finishes in dead heat between Canada and Germany

Jamaica and Nigeria competed in women's bobsleigh

GB women’s bobsleigh crowdfunded by £40,000

Men’s ice hockey semi-final – Germany bt Canada

Men’s ice hockey final – OAR bt Germany

Korea women’s ice hockey team lose first match 8-0 to Switzerland

Women’s ice hockey final – USA bt Canada. Jocelyne Lamoureux-Davidson scores the winning penalty in the shootout

Men’s curling play-off – Switzerland bt GB (skip – Kyle Smith)

Men’s curling final – USA bt Sweden

South Korea women’s curling team are all named Kim, and are known as ‘the Garlic girls’. Their nicknames are Steak, Yogurt, Pancake, Sunny and Chocho

Women’s curling semi-final – Sweden bt GB

Eve Muirhead penalized for not releasing final stone before hogline against Sweden

Women’s curling bronze medal match – Japan bt GB

Women’s curling final – Sweden bt South KoreaEster Ledecka becomes the first person to win two gold medals at the same Winter Olympics using two different types of equipment (skis and snowboard)

Marit Bjorgen won five medals taking her total number of medals up to a record 15

Alexander Krushelnitskiy of the Olympic Athletes from Russia (OAR) team is stripped of his bronze medal in mixed doubles curling after testing positive for meldonium

== 2022 Beijing ==
The host city was elected in July 2015, at the 128th IOC Session in Kuala Lumpur. Beijing beat Almaty by 44 votes to 40 with one abstention. Beijing became the first city to host both a summer and winter Games. The Games took place from 4 to 20 February 2022. A number of countries staged a diplomatic boycott of the Games. Russia competed as ROC and was represented by the flag of the Russian Olympic Committee

Seven new medal events were added, including men's and women's big air freestyle, women's monobob, mixed team competitions in freestyle skiing aerials, ski jumping, and snowboard cross, and the mixed relay in short track speed skating. Women's Nordic Combined was not added, and remains the only Winter Olympic sport only contested by men

Opening ceremony – held in Beijing National Stadium. Games opened by President Xi Jinping. Directed by Zhang Yimou. In lieu of a cauldron, the Olympic torch was mounted in the centre of a large snowflake sculpture. Games emblem – “Winter Dream”. Games slogan – “Together for a Shared Future”. Mascot – Bing Dwen Dwen, a giant panda. GB flagbearers – Eve Muirhead and Dave Ryding

91 nations took part. Haiti and Saudi Arabia made their Winter Olympic debuts

109 gold medals were on offer across 15 disciplines

Beijing Zone – includes Beijing National Aquatics Centre (curling) and Beijing National Indoor Stadium (ice hockey). Competitions for luge, skeleton, bobsleigh and alpine skiing were held in Yanqing District, using artificial snow

Zhangjiakou Zone – location for all other skiing events. 220 km from Beijing

Closing ceremony – Directed by Zhang Yimou. GB flagbearer – Bruce Mouat

Final medal table – 1st Norway (16-8-13) 37 2nd Germany (12-10-5) 27 3rd China (9-4-2) 15 19th GB (1-1-0) 2

Norway broke the record for most gold medals at a single Winter Games

ROC won the second largest number of medals at the Games (32), but finished ninth on the medal table, as only six were gold medals

Most medals won by a single athlete (5) – Norwegian biathletes Johannes Thingnes Bo and Marte Olsbu Roeiseland, French biathlete Quentin Fillon Maillet and ROC cross-country skier Alexander Bolshunov

Most gold medals won by a single athlete (4) – Johannes Thingnes Bo

'''Alpine skiing'''

Men’s downhill – Beat Fuez (Switzerland). Silver – Johan Clarey (France), aged 41

Men’s super-G – Matthias Mayer (Austria). Retained the title

Men’s giant slalom – Marco Odermatt (Switzerland)

Men’s slalom – Clement Noel (France). 13th Dave Ryding

Men’s combined – Johannes Strolz (Austria)

Women’s downhill – Corinne Suter (Switzerland). Silver – Sofia Goggia (Italy)

Women’s super-G – Laura Gut-Behrami (Switzerland)

Women’s giant slalom – Sara Hector (Sweden)

Women’s slalom – Petra Vlhova (Slovakia)

Women’s combined – Michelle Gisin (Switzerland). Retained the title

Alpine team – Austria

'''Biathlon'''

Men’s sprint – Johannes Thingnes Bo (Norway)

Men’s mass start – Johannes Thingnes Bo

Men’s individual – Quentin Fillon Maillet (France)

Men’s pursuit – Quentin Fillon Maillet

Women’s sprint – Marte Olsbu Roeiseland (Norway)

Women’s pursuit – Marte Olsbu Roeiseland

Tarjei Bø, the brother of Johannes Thingnes Bo, won four medals

'''Bobsleigh'''

Two-man bob – Germany. Only podium sweep of the Games

Four-man bob – Germany. 6th GB, piloted by Brad Hall

Women’s monobob – Kaillie Humphries (USA)

Two-woman bob – Germany. 17th GB (Mica McNeill and Montell Douglas)

Montell Douglas became the first female Briton to compete at the Summer and Winter Olympics

'''Cross-country skiing'''

Men’s 30km skiathlon – Alexander Bolshunov (ROC)

Men’s 50km freestyle – Alexander Bolshunov

Women’s 15km skiathlon – Therese Johaug (Norway). First gold medal to be awarded

Women’s 10km classical – Therese Johaug

Women’s 30km freestyle – Therese Johaug

'''Curling'''

Men’s final – Sweden (skip – Niklas Edin) bt GB (skip – Bruce Mouat)

Women’s final – GB (skip – Eve Muirhead) bt Japan

Mixed doubles – Italy. GB (Bruce Mouat and Jenn Dods) lose bronze medal game to Sweden

Mixed doubles started on 2 February, two days before the Opening Ceremony

'''Figure skating'''

Men’s singles – Nathan Chen (USA)

Women’s singles – Anna Shcherbakova (ROC). 4th Kamila Valieva (ROC, aged 15)

A sample that Valieva had submitted for a drug test in December tested positive for trimetazidine, which is banned. The ROC team won the team event, but the medal ceremony was postponed pending official investigation of filed allegations concerning possible doping, though Valieva was given permission to compete while the investigation is still in progress. In the individual event, she led after the short program, but stumbled or fell four times during the free skate, and finished in fourth place

Pairs skating – Sui Wenjing and Han Cong (China)

Ice dance – Gabriella Papadakis and Guillaume Cizeron (France). 10th Lilah Fear and Lewis Gibson

'''Freestyle skiing'''

Men’s halfpipe – Nico Porteous (New Zealand)

Women’s big air – Eileen Gu (China). 5th Kirsty Muir

Women’s halfpipe – Eileen Gu

Women’s moguls – Jakara Anthony (Australia)

'''Ice hockey'''

Men’s quarter finals – Slovakia bt USA

Men’s final – Finland bt ROC. First ever ice hockey Olympic gold medal for Finland

Women’s final – Canada bt USA

'''Luge'''

Woman’s singles – Natalie Geisenberger (Germany). Third successive gold medal

Germany won all four gold medals

'''Nordic combined'''

Jorgen Graabak (Norway) won medals in all three events

Jarl Magnus Riiber (Norway) was leading in the combined large hill/10km event but went the wrong way, eventually finishing in eighth place

'''Short track speed skating'''

Men’s 500m – Shaoang Liu (Hungary)

Women’s 1000m – Suzanne Schulting (Netherlands). Set a new world record time in the quarter-finals

2000m mixed relay – China

'''Skeleton'''

Men’s – Christopher Grotheer (Germany)

Woman’s – Hannah Neise (Germany). 19th Laura Deas

First time in history of Women's Skeleton at the Olympics that no British athlete has won a medal

'''Ski jumping'''

Men’s normal hill individual – Ryoyu Kobayashi (Japan)

Men’s large hill individual – Marius Lindvik (Norway)

Men’s large hill team – Austria

Women’s normal hill individual – Ursa Bogataj (Slovenia)

Mixed normal hill team – Slovenia

'''Snowboarding'''

Men’s halfpipe – Ayumu Hirono (Japan). 4th Sean White

Sean White's last Olympics as he announced his upcoming retirement before the games began

Women’s big air – Anna Gasser (Austria). Retained her title. Silver – Zoi Sadowski-Synnott (New Zealand)

Women’s halfpipe – Chloe Kim (USA). Retained her title

Women’s slopestyle – Zoi Sadowski-Synnott. She landed a huge 1080 spin with her final trick. This was New Zealand's first gold medal at the Winter Olympics

Women’s snowboard cross – Lindsey Jacobellis (USA). Charlotte Bankes eliminated in quarter-finals

Lindsey Jacobellis won the silver medal at the 2006 Games, when she started celebrating her win too early and was overtaken at the finish line

Women’s parallel giant slalom – Ester Ledecka (Czech Republic). Retained her title

Mixed team snowboard cross – USA (Nick Baumgartner and Lindsey Jacobellis)

'''Speed skating'''

Men’s 5000m – Nils van der Poel (Sweden). 6th Sven Kramer

Men’s 10,000m – Nils van der Poel, in a new world record time

Men’s mass start – Bart Swings (Belgium)

Women’s 1500m – Irene Wust (Netherlands). Wust has won at least one gold medal in each of five consecutive Winter Olympic appearances

Women’s 3000m – Irene Schouten (Netherlands). Silver – Francesca Lollobrigida (Italy). Actress Gina Lollobrigida is her great-aunt

Women’s 5000m – Irene Schouten

Women’s mass start – Irene Schouten

== 2026 Milan Cortina ==
Milan and Cortina d’Ampezzo were elected in June 2019, at the 134th IOC Session in Lausanne. Stockholm-Are made an unsuccessful bid. This was the first Olympic Games featuring two host cities. The Games took place from 6 to 22 February 2026

Ski mountaineering debuted as a Winter Olympics event

Opening ceremony – held in San Siro Olympic Stadium. Games opened by President Sergio Mattarella. Mascots – anthropomorphic stoats Tina (Olympics) and Milo (Paralympics). GB flagbearers – Brad Hall and Lilah Fear

92 nations took part

Athletes from Russia and Belarus competed under the banner of "Individual Neutral Athletes" (AIN)

116 gold medals were on offer across 16 disciplines (8 sports)

Milan primarily hosted the ice events, and the remaining events were hosted in clusters around Cortina, Livigno, and Fiemme

Closing ceremony – held in Verona Olympic Arena. GB flagbearers – Matt Weston and Charlotte Bankes

Final medal table – 1st Norway (18-12-11) 41 2nd USA (12-12-9) 33 3rd Netherlands (10-7-3) 20 15th GB (3-1-1) 5

Norway finished at the top of the medal table for the fourth successive Winter Olympics, setting a new record for the largest number of gold and total medals won at a single Winter Olympics

Norwegian cross-country skier Johannes Hosflot Klaebo won the most gold and overall medals, with six medals (all gold). In doing so, he set the record for the most gold medals won at a single Winter Olympics and most career gold medals won by a Winter Olympic athlete (11 gold medals total)

Brazil won the first medal and first gold medal in their Winter Olympic history; also the first tropical, Latin American and South American National Olympic Committee to win a medal at the Winter Olympics. Georgia also won the first medal in their Winter Olympic history

Italian short track speed skater Arianna Fontana became the first woman to win Olympic medals in six straight Winter Olympics

Ukrainian skeleton racer Vladyslav Heraskevych was banned from competing for wearing a "helmet of memory" with 24 images of Ukrainian athletes killed in the Russian invasion

'''Alpine skiing'''

Men’s downhill – Franjo von Allmen (Switzerland). First gold medal to be awarded

Men’s super-G – Franjo von Allmen

Men’s giant slalom – Lucas Pinheiro Braathen (Brazil)

Men’s slalom – Loic Meillard (Switzerland)

Women’s downhill – Breezy Johnson (USA)

Women’s super-G – Federica Brignone (Italy)

Women’s giant slalom – Federica Brignone

Women’s slalom – Mikaela Shiffrin

'''Biathlon'''

Men’s sprint – Quentin Fillon Maillet (France)

Men’s mass start – Johannes Dale-Skjevdal (Norway)

Men’s individual – Johan-Olav Botn (Norway)

Men’s pursuit – Martin Ponsiluoma (Sweden)

Women’s sprint – Maren Kirkeeide (Norway)

Women’s mass start – Oceane Michelon (France)

Women’s individual – Julia Simon (France)

Women’s pursuit – Lisa Vittozzi (Italy)

'''Bobsleigh'''

Two-man bob – Germany

Four-man bob – Germany. 7th GB, piloted by Brad Hall

Women’s monobob – Elana Meyers Taylor (USA)

Two-woman bob – Germany

Johannes Lochner piloted both the winning German teams

'''Cross-country skiing'''

Men’s 10km freestyle – Johannes Hosflot Klaebo (Norway)

Men’s 20km skiathlon – Johannes Hosflot Klaebo

Men’s 50km classical – Johannes Hosflot Klaebo

Men’s sprint classical – Johannes Hosflot Klaebo

Women’s 10km freestyle – Frida Karlsson (Sweden)

Women’s 20km skiathlon – Frida Karlsson

Women’s 50km classical – Ebba Andersson (Sweden)

Johannes Hosflot Klaebo was also a member of two winning relay teams, winning a total of six gold medals at the Games. He now has a total of 11 gold medals

'''Curling'''

Men’s final – Canada (skip – Brad Jacobs) bt GB (skip – Bruce Mouat)

Women’s final – Sweden bt Switzerland

Mixed doubles – Sweden bt USA. Bronze – Italy bt GB (Bruce Mouat and Jenn Dods)

Mixed doubles started on 4 February, two days before the Opening Ceremony

'''Figure skating'''

Men’s singles – Mikhail Shaidorov (Kazakhstan). 8th Ilia Malinin

Women’s singles – Alysa Liu (USA)

Pairs skating – Riku Miura and Ryuichi Kihara (Japan)

Ice dance – Laurence Fournier Beaudry and Guillaume Cizeron (France). 7th Lilah Fear and Lewis Gibson

'''Freestyle skiing'''

Men’s aerials – Wang Xindi (China)

Men’s big air – Tormod Frostap (Norway)

Men’s halfpipe – Alex Ferreira (USA)

Men’s slopestyle – Birk Ruud (Norway)

Men’s moguls – Cooper Woods-Topalovic (Australia)

Men’s dual moguls – Mikael Kingsbury (Canada)

Men’s ski cross – Simone Deromedis (Italy)

Women’s aerials – Xu Mengtao (China)

Women’s big air – Megan Oldham (Canada). Silver – Eileen Gu (China). 4th Kirsty Muir

Women’s halfpipe – Eileen Gu. Bronze – Zoe Atkin

Women’s slopestyle – Mathilde Gremaud (Switzerland). Silver – Eileen Gu. 4th Kirsty Muir

Women’s moguls – Elizabeth Lemley (USA)

Women’s dual moguls – Jakara Anthony (Australia)

Women’s ski cross – Daniela Maier (Germany)

'''Ice hockey'''

Men’s final – USA bt Canada

Women’s final – USA bt Canada

'''Luge'''

Men’s singles – Max Langenhan (Germany)

Men’s doubles – Italy

Women’s singles – Julia Taubitz (Germany)

Women’s doubles – Italy

'''Nordic combined'''

Individual large hill/10 km – Jens Luras Oftebro (Norway)

Individual normal hill/10 km – Jens Luras Oftebro

Team – Norway

'''Short track speed skating'''

Men’s 500m – Steven Dubois (Canada)

Men’s 1000m – Jens van 't Wout (Netherlands)

Men’s 1500m – Jens van 't Wout

Women’s 500m – Xandra Velzeboer (Netherlands). Silver – Arianna Fontana (Italy)

Women's 1000m – Xandra Velzeboer

Women’s 1500m – Kim Gil-li (South Korea)

'''Skeleton'''

Men’s – Matt Weston. 9th Marcus Wyatt

Woman’s – Janine Flock (Austria). 5th Tabitha Stoecker

Mixed team – GB (Tabitha Stoecker and Matt Weston). 4th GB (Freya Tarbit and Marcus Wyatt)

'''Ski jumping'''

Men’s normal hill individual – Philipp Raimund (Germany)

Men’s large hill individual – Domen Prevc (Slovenia)

Men’s large hill team – Austria

Women’s normal hill individual – Anna Odine Strom (Norway)

Women’s large hill individual – Anna Odine Strom

Mixed normal hill team – Slovenia (team included Domen Prevc and Nika Prevc)

'''Ski mountaineering'''

Men’s – Oriol Cardona (Spain)

Women’s – Marianne Fatton (Switzerland)

Mixed team – France

'''Snowboarding'''

Men’s big air – Kira Kimura (Japan)

Men’s halfpipe – Yuto Totsuka (Japan)

Men’s slopestyle – Su Yiming (China)

Men’s parallel giant slalom – Benjamin Karl (Austria)

Men’s snowboard cross – Alessandro Hammerle (Austria)

Women’s big air – Kokomo Murase (Japan). 4th Mia Brookes

Women’s halfpipe – Choi Ga-on (South Korea)

Women’s slopestyle – Mari Fukada (Japan)

Women’s parallel giant slalom – Zuzana Maderova (Czech Republic)

Women’s snowboard cross – Josie Baff (Australia)

Mixed team snowboard cross – GB (Huw Nightingale and Charlotte Bankes). First-ever GB gold medal on snow

'''Speed skating'''

Men’s 500m – Jordan Stolz (USA)

Men’s 1000m – Jordan Stolz

Men’s 1500m – Ning Zhongyan (China)

Men’s 5000m – Sander Eitrem (Norway)

Men’s 10,000m – Metodej Jílek (Czech Republic)

Men’s mass start – Jorrit Bergsma (Netherlands)

Women’s 500m – Femke Kok (Netherlands)

Women’s 1000m – Jutta Leerdam (Netherlands)

Women’s 1500m – Antoinette Rijpma-de Jong (Netherlands)

Women’s 3000m – Francesca Lollobrigida (Italy)

Women’s 5000m – Francesca Lollobrigida

Women’s mass start – Marijke Groenewoud (Netherlands)

'''2030 French Alps''' (XXVI)

The French Alps' bid was approved during the 142nd IOC Session in Paris in July 2024. The Games are scheduled to take place from 1 to 17 February 2030

== List of medals won by Great Britain ==
1924 – Gold, curling. Silver, four-man bob. Bronze – women’s figure skating (Ethel Muckelt) and ice hockey

1928 – Bronze, skeleton (David Northesk)

1936 – Gold, ice hockey. Silver – women’s figure skating (Cecilia Colledge). Bronze – four-man bobsleigh

1948 – Bronze, skeleton (John Crammond)

1952 – Gold, women’s figure skating (Jeanette Altwegg)

1964 – Gold, two-man bobsleigh (Tony Nash and Robin Dixon)

1976 – Gold, men’s figure skating (John Curry)

1980 – Gold, men’s figure skating (Robin Cousins)

1984 – Gold, ice dance (Torvill and Dean)

1994 – Bronze, 500m short-track speed skating (Nicky Gooch), ice dance (Torvill and Dean)

1998 – Bronze, four-man bobsleigh

2002 – Gold, women’s curling (skip – Rhona Martin). Bronze – women’s skeleton (Alex Coomber)

2006 – Silver, women’s skeleton (Shelley Rudman)

2010 – Gold, women’s skeleton (Amy Williams)

2014 – Gold, women’s skeleton (Lizzy Yarnold). Silver, men’s curling (skip – David Murdoch). Bronze, women’s slopestyle snowboard (Jenny Jones), women’s curling (skip – Eve Muirhead)

In March 2019, the GB four-man bobsleigh team (John Jackson, Bruce Tasker, Joel Fearon and Stuart Benson) who finished fifth in 2014 were upgraded to bronze, after two Russian crews were disqualified for doping

2018 – Gold, women’s skeleton (Lizzy Yarnold). Bronze, women’s skeleton (Laura Deas), men’s skeleton (Dom Parsons), men’s big air (Billy Morgan), women’s ski slopestyle (Isabel Atkin)

2022 – Gold, women’s curling (skip – Eve Muirhead). Silver, men’s curling (skip – Bruce Mouat)

2026 – Gold, men’s skeleton (Matt Weston), mixed team skeleton (Tabitha Stoecker and Matt Weston), mixed team snowboard cross (Charlotte Bankes and Huw Nightingale). Silver, men’s curling (skip – Bruce Mouat). Bronze, women’s freeski halfpipe (Zoe Atkin)

== Olympics trivia ==
Most gold medals –

11 – Johannes Hosflot Klaebo

8 – Bjorn Daehlie, Ole Einar Bjorndahlen, Marit Bjorgen

Most medals –

15 – Marit Bjorgen

14 – Ole Einar Bjorndahlen, Arianna Fontana

2026 saw the first-ever GB gold medal on snow and was the first Games where GB won more than one gold medal

Liechtenstein is the only country to have won Medals in the Winter Olympics but not at the Summer Olympics

India is the biggest country, in terms of population, to have contested the Winter Olympics but never won a medal

Ice stock sport, also known as Bavarian curling, was a demonstration event in 1936 and 1964

The first participation of a warm weather nation in the Winter Games was Mexico, which made its Winter debut at the 1928 Winter Olympics with a five-man bobsleigh team

The first truly tropical nation to compete in the Winter Olympic Games is the Philippines, which sent two alpine skiers to the 1972 Winter Olympics

The 1988 Winter Olympics in Calgary attracted a large number of tropical nations. The Jamaican Bobsled Team became a fan favourite at these Games and were later the inspiration behind the 1993 motion picture ''Cool Runnings''. In the 1994 Games, the Jamaican four-man sled placed a creditable fourteenth, ahead of the United States and Russia, while a Jamaican bobsledder won silver for Canada in 2006

Beginning with the 1988 Winter Olympics, Bernhard Russi has been noted as the designer of the downhill courses for the Olympics

Romania has only won one medal, a bronze in the two-man bob in 1968

'''Alpine Skiing'''

Best GB alpine skiing finish was Gina Hathorn who was fourth in the slalom in 1968

Davina Galica participated in her first Olympic games at Innsbruck in 1964, competing in downhill skiing and the slalom. She also participated at Grenoble in 1968 and Sapporo in 1972. On both occasions Galica was captain of the British Women’s Olympic Ski Team, and finished in the top-ten in the Giant Slalom (8th and 7th)

Alpine skiing debuted at the Winter Olympics in 1936; the combined was the only event. The combined was one of three medal events included in the next Olympics in 1948, along with downhill and slalom. The combined used the results of a downhill race with two runs of combined slalom. With the introduction of the giant slalom in 1952, the combined event disappeared from the Olympics for four decades, until re-introduced in 1988. The winner is the skier with the fastest aggregate time of the three races (until the 1990s, a complicated point system was used to determine placings in the combined event)

In 2005, the International Ski Federation (FIS) introduced the super combined, consisting of a single run of slalom and normally a shortened downhill run (or a super G run). The super combined format debuted at the Winter Olympics in 2010

Erika Schinegger was the world champion women's downhill skier in 1966. As she was preparing for the 1968 Winter Olympics, a medical test by the IOC determined that Schinegger was male, with internal male sex organs, and disqualified him

Noel Harrison represented GB in giant slalom in 1952 and 1956. Had a Top 10 hit with ''The Windmills of Your Mind'' in 1968

'''Biathlon'''

Uschi Disl was a 19 year veteran of biathlon and was a five time Olympian, with two Olympic gold medals from the 4 x 7.5 km relays in 1998 and 2002. She also has four silver medals and three bronze medals. Nicknamed ‘Turbo-Disl’

Biathlon debuted at the 1960 Winter Olympics with the men's 20 km individual event. At the 1968 Winter Olympics, the men's 4 x 7.5 km relay debuted, followed by the 10 km sprint event at the 1980 Winter Olympics. Beginning at the 1992 Winter Olympics in Albertville, women's biathlon debuted with the 15 km individual, 3 x 7.5 km relay (4 x 7.5 km during 1994 – 2002, and 4 x 6 km in 2006), and 7.5 km sprint. A pursuit race (12.5 km for men and 10 km for women) was included at the 2002 Winter Olympics. The top 60 finishers of the sprint race (10 km for men and 7.5 km for women) would qualify for the pursuit event. The sprint winner starts the race, followed by each successive biathlete at the same time interval he/she trailed the sprint winner in that event. At the 2006 Winter Olympics, a mass start (15 km for men and 12.5 km for women) was introduced where the top 30 biathletes from the previous four events were allowed to start together for the competition

Prior to the biathlon debut at the 1960 Winter Olympics, there was a military patrol event that was held at four Winter Olympic Games: 1924, 1928, 1936, and 1948. Medals were awarded for military patrol in 1924, but it was a demonstration event for the other three Games

Men’s 10 km biathlon and women’s 7.5 km – five shots prone at first stop, five shots standing at second stop. Each missed target is penalized by forcing the skier to ski a 150m penalty loop

Men’s 20 km biathlon and women’s 15 km – five shots prone at first and third stops, five shots standing at second and fourth stops. Each missed target incurs a one-minute penalty

In a biathlon relay, each skier has to hit five shots out of eight, and skis a 150m penalty loop for each miss beyond three

'''Bobsleigh'''

Prince Albert of Monaco was a bobsled driver in five Olympics, between 1988 and 2002

In 1984 bobsledder Carl-Erik Eriksson (Sweden) became the first person to compete in six Winter Olympics

Andre Lange is a retired German bobsledder and the most successful bob pilot of all time who competed at senior level from 1998 to 2010. Competing in three Winter Olympics, he won four gold medals

Winston Watts is a member of the Jamaica national bobsleigh team. He has been a participant at four Olympics, most recently the 2014 Winter Olympics

'''Cross-country skiing'''

Cross-country skiing is also known as langlauf. Two skiing techniques are used in Nordic events – classical (diagonal stride) and freestyle (skating style)

Men’s classical cross-country race is either 15 km or 18 km

In the men’s combined pursuit event, skiers race 10 km using the classical technique. Then, setting out on a staggered start based on the results of the first race, they race another 10 km freestyle. Prior to 2002, this was a two-day event and the second event was 15 km rather than 10 km

In the women’s combined pursuit event, skiers race 5 km using the classical technique. Then, setting out on a staggered start based on the results of the first race, they race another 5 km freestyle. Prior to 2002, this was a two-day event and the second event was 10 km rather than 5 km

Men’s 30 km cross-country was an event from 1956 to 2002 (freestyle, but some races used classical style)

Men’s 10 km classical cross-country was an event from 1992 to 1998. Won by Bjorn Daehlie in 1994 and 1998

Women’s 5 km classical cross-country was an event from 1964 to 1998

Women’s 20 km freestyle cross-country changed to 30 km in 1992, classical in 1994

In 2011, the name of the pursuit event was changed to skiathlon

Sixten Jernberg (Sweden) won nine medals, including four gold medals, in cross-country skiing. Won the 50 km classical in 1956 and 1964, and the 30 km in 1960

Russian cross-country skier Lyubov Yegorova won a total of nine medals at the Winter Olympics, earning six golds and three silver medals. She was the most successful athlete at both the 1992 and 1994 Winter Olympics. Yegorova's career ended at the 1997 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships when she was disqualified for doping on bromantan, an anabolic steroid

Raisa Smetanina is a cross-country skier and the first woman in history to win ten Winter Olympic medals, including four gold medals. Smetanina took part in five Olympics, representing the USSR team four times and the Unified Team once

Stefania Belmondo is an Italian cross-country skier who won ten Winter Olympic medals, including two gold medals, in 1992 and 2002

Passing skier shouts “track” in cross country skiing

'''Curling'''

In February 2006, a few days before the start of the 2006 Winter Olympics, the International Olympic Committee ruled that the curling medals were part of the official Olympic programme in 1924, and not a demonstration event as many authoritative sources had previously claimed

Curling was a demonstration sport at the 1932 Games, and then again after a lengthy absence in 1988 and 1992. The sport was finally added to the official program for the 1998 Nagano Games

'''Figure skating'''

Figure skating was first contested as an Olympic sport at the 1908 Summer Olympics

Ice dance joined as a medal sport in 1976 and a team event debuted at the 2014 Olympics

'''Freestyle skiing'''

Freestyle skiing has been contested at the Winter Olympic Games since 1992. It was a demonstration sport at the 1988 Winter Olympics, with moguls, aerials, and ballet events. Moguls became an official medal sport at the 1992 games, while aerials and ballet were still demonstration events. At the 1994 Games, aerials also became an official medal event and the ski ballet competition was dropped. For the 2010 Winter Olympics, ski cross was added to the program while the 2014 Winter Olympics had ski halfpipe added

Aerial competitors receive a score based on jump takeoff (20%), jump form (50%) and landing (30%). A degree of difficulty (DD) is then factored in for a total score. Skiers are judged on a cumulative score of two jumps

Mogul competitors receive a score based on turns (50%), two aerial manouvres (25%) and time (25%)

'''Ice hockey'''

Tied ice hockey playoff games are followed by ten minutes of sudden death overtime. If the game remains tied, it is decided by a shootout. If the game remains tied after the first three shooters, any player can be chosen to shoot any number of times

An Olympic ice hockey rink is wider than an NHL rink

In 1987 the International Ice Hockey Federation voted to make all professionals, including those from the NHL, eligible for the Olympics. The NHL owners refused to allow their best players to leave in the middle of the season. The 1998 Games were the first in which the best professional players in the world took part

'''Luge'''

Luge was first contested at the 1964 Winter Olympics

Germany has dominated the competition

'''Nordic combined'''

The Nordic combined events have been contested since 1924. The first competition involved 18 km cross-country skiing, followed by ski jumping (two jumps on a normal hill). Whoever earned the most points from both competitions won the event. At the 1952 Winter Olympics, the ski jumping was held first, followed by 18 km cross-country skiing. The cross-country skiing portion was reduced to 15 km at the 1956 Winter Olympics. At the 1988 Winter Olympics the scoring was changed with the Gundersen method, meaning the 15 km cross country portion would go from an interval start race to a pursuit race, so that whoever crossed the finish line first won the event

The Nordic combined team event with a 3 x 10 km cross country relay started at the 1988 Winter Olympics, changing to the current 4 x 5 km cross-country relay at the 1998 Winter Olympics. The starting order is based on the results of the ski jumping

The 7.5 km Nordic combined sprint event was added at the 2002 Winter Olympics

'''Short track speed skating'''

Short track speed skating races are held on a 111 metres oval track

Men’s short track relay is raced over 5000 metres

Women’s short track relay is raced over 3000 metres

Kim Yun-Mi (Korea) won her first Olympic gold medal at the 1994 Winter Olympics in Lillehammer in short track at only thirteen years of age. She is the youngest female Olympic Gold Medalist and the youngest Winter Olympic Gold Medalist

There were two Chinese short track skaters named Yang Yang. Originally, Yang Yang (A) was known as Yang Yang (L) for ‘large’ as she is older than Yang Yang (S) (for ‘small’); however, she objected to the ‘L’ identifier, changing it to ‘A’ for ‘August’, her birth month

'''Skeleton'''

Skeleton is similar to luge, but the competitor rides head-first and prone (lying face down) on a flat sled

'''Ski jumping'''

Individual Olympic competition in ski jumping consists of a training jump and two scored jumps. The team event consists of four members of the same nation, who each jump twice

Jumps are scored according to distance and style (scored by five judges)

In 1964 the ski jump was split into normal hill (70m jump) and large hill (90m jump)

Japan is the only non-European nation to win a ski jumping gold medal

Prior to 1994, the lowest score of each round was dropped for each team in the ski jumping team event

In April 2011 the International Olympic Committee officially accepted women ski jumping into the official Olympic program for the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi

Janne Ahonen (Finland) has never won an Olympic medal from an individual ski jumping competition: he has placed 4th three times. He won silver medals in team competitions in 2002 and 2006

'''Snowboarding'''

Snowboarding was one of five new sports or disciplines added to the Winter Olympic program between 1992 and 2002, and was the only one not to have been a previous medal or demonstration event. In 1998, four events, two for men and two for women, were held in two specialities: the giant slalom, a downhill event similar to giant slalom skiing; and the half-pipe, in which competitors perform tricks while going from one side of a semi-circular ditch to the other. Canadian Ross Rebagliati won the men's giant slalom and became the first athlete to win a gold medal in snowboarding. For the 2002 Winter Olympics, the giant slalom was dropped in favour of the parallel giant slalom, an event that involves head-to-head racing. In 2006, a third event, the snowboard cross, was held for the first time. In this event, competitors race against each other down a course with jumps, beams and other obstacles

The International Snowboard Federation (ISF) set the standard for snowboarding competition, which contributed to the development of it as an Olympic sport in the 1998 Winter Olympics. In a controversial move, the International Olympic Committee recognized the Federation International Ski (FIS) as the sport's official governing body. Three-time world champion Terje Haakonsen boycotted the Olympics as a result of the FIS being appointed to oversee the officiating

'''Speed skating'''

All Olympic speed skating races are held on a 400 metres oval track

Bonnie Blair was the first American to earn six medals in the Winter Olympics (five gold and one bronze)

Karin Enke won eight medals at the Winter Olympics (three gold, four silver and one bronze)

Gunda Niemann-Stirnemann won eight medals at the Winter Olympics (three gold, four silver and one bronze)

With a total of five Olympic gold medals, two silver, and two bronze medals, speed skater Claudia Pechstein is the most successful German Winter Olympian of all time. Pechstein is the first female Winter Olympian to win medals in five consecutive Olympics (1992 to 2006)

Speed skaters must be 15 by 1 July of the Olympic Year

Entertainment/Academy Awards

2026-03-27T16:00:08Z

QRNeditor: Added 2026 Awards

The Academy Awards, popularly known as the Oscars, are awards of merit presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS) to recognize excellence of professionals in the film industry.

The 1st Academy Awards ceremony was held on 16 May 1929, at the Hotel Roosevelt in Hollywood to honour outstanding film achievements of 1927 and 1928. It was hosted by actor Douglas Fairbanks and director William C. deMille.
[[File:Oscars-png-download-png.png|center|thumb|Oscars statuette]]
'''The statuette''' - the official name of the Oscar statuette is the Academy Award of Merit. Made of gold-plated Britannia metal on a black metal base, it is 13.5in (34cm) tall and depicts a knight rendered in Art Deco style holding a crusader's sword standing on a reel of film with five spokes. The five spokes each represent the original branches of the Academy: Actors, Writers, Directors, Producers, and Technicians. MGM's art director Cedric Gibbons, one of the original Academy members, supervised the design of the award trophy. Mexican actor Emilio ‘El Indio’ Fernandez posed naked to create what today is known as the ‘Oscar’. The statuettes were cast, moulded, and polished by Chicago's R. S. Owens & Company, who lost the Oscars statuettes contract to its New York rival, Polich Tallix in 2016. It was named by Margaret Herrick, the Academy librarian, who remarked in 1931 (upon seeing the statuettes), "Why it looks like my Uncle Oscar!".

In 2002, the Dolby Theatre (formerly known as the Kodak Theatre) became the current venue of the presentation.

The official Oscars after-party is the Governors Ball.

The Academy Honorary Award, instituted in 1950 and previously called the Special Award, is given annually by the Board of Governors.

The Irving G. Thalberg Memorial Award is awarded periodically at the Governors Awards ceremonies to "creative producers, whose bodies of work reflect a consistently high quality of motion picture production". First awarded in 1938.

The Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award is awarded periodically at the Governors Awards ceremonies for an individual's "outstanding contributions to humanitarian causes". First awarded in 1957’.

== Chronological ==
Note – all dates are the years when the awards ceremonies took place, honouring the films of the previous year.

Tables contain ‘Big 4’ awards and selected additional awards.

Best Picture was known as Outstanding Picture (1929), Outstanding Production (1930-1940). Outstanding Motion Picture (1941-1943), Best Motion Picture (1944-1961), Best Picture (1962-)

=== 1920s ===
'''1929''' – 1st Awards
{| class="wikitable"
|Best Picture
|''Wings''

''Sunrise''
|-
|Best Director
|Lewis Milestone (''Two Arabian Knights'')

Frank Borzage (''7th Heaven'')
|-
|Best Actor
|Emil Jannings (''The Last Command'' and ''The Way of All Flesh'')
|-
|Best Actress
|Janet Gaynor (''7th Heaven'', ''Street Angel'' and ''Sunrise'')
|}
The awards ceremony honoured the best films from August 1927 to July 1928 and took place in May 1929 at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel in Los Angeles. It was hosted by Douglas Fairbanks and William C. deMille. Winners were announced three months ahead of the ceremony.

There were two film awards. ''Wings'' was Outstanding Picture and ''Sunrise'' was Unique and Artistic Picture.

Warner Bros received a special honorary award “for producing ''The Jazz Singer'' (1927), the pioneer outstanding talking picture, which has revolutionized the industry."

There were two director awards. Lewis Milestone won the Osar for Best Directing (Comedy Picture) and Frank Borzage won the Oscar for Best Directing (Dramatic Picture).

The rumour alleging Rin Tin Tin won the most votes in the Best Actor category is an urban legend.

=== 1930s ===
'''1930''' – 2nd Awards
{| class="wikitable"
|Best Picture
|''The Broadway Melody''
|-
|Best Director
|Frank Lloyd (''The Divine Lady'')
|-
|Best Actor
|Warner Baxter (''In Old Arizona'')
|-
|Best Actress
|Mary Pickford (''Coquette'')
|}
The awards ceremony honoured the best films from August 1928 to July 1929 and took place in April 1930 at the Ambassador Hotel and was hosted by William C. deMille. This is the only year in which no film won more than one Oscar.

''The Broadway Melody'' was the first talkie to win Best Picture.

'''1931''' – 3rd Awards
{| class="wikitable"
|Best Picture
|''All Quiet on the Western Front''
|-
|Best Director
|Lewis Milestone (''All Quiet on the Western Front'')
|-
|Best Actor
|George Arliss (''Disraeli'')
|-
|Best Actress
|Norma Shearer (''The Divorcee'')
|}
The awards ceremony honoured the best films from August 1929 to July 1930 and took place in November 1930 at the Ambassador Hotel and was hosted by Conrad Nagel.

Best Sound Recording award was introduced.

George Arliss was the first British actor to win an Academy Award.

''All Quiet on the Western Front'' was the first screen adaptation of a novel to win Best Picture.

'''1932''' – 4th Awards
{| class="wikitable"
|Best Picture
|''Cimarron''
|-
|Best Director
|Norman Taurog (''Skippy'')
|-
|Best Actor
|Lionel Barrymore (''A Free Soul'')
|-
|Best Actress
|Marie Dressler (''Min and Bill'')
|}
The awards ceremony honoured the best films released between August 1930, and July 1931 and took place in November 1931 at the Biltmore Hotel and was hosted by Lawrence Grant.

''Cimarron'' was the first Western to win the Best Picture award. The next Western to win Best Picture was ''Dances with Wolves''.

Lionel Barrymore became the first person to be nominated in multiple categories, having been nominated for Best Director in 1930.

Nine-year-old Jackie Cooper was the first child actor to receive a nomination, for ''Skippy''.

'''1933''' – 5th Awards
{| class="wikitable"
|Best Picture
|''Grand Hotel''
|-
|Best Director
|Frank Borzage (''Bad Girl'')
|-
|Best Actor
|Wallace Beery (''The Champ'')

Fredric March (''Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde'')
|-
|Best Actress
|Helen Hayes (''The Sin of Madelon Claudet'')
|}
The awards ceremony honoured the best films released between August 1931, and July 1932 and took place in November 1932 at the Ambassador Hotel and was hosted by Lionel Barrymore and Conrad Nagel.

Short film awards were introduced.

''Grand Hotel'' is the only film to have won the Academy Award for Best Picture without it or its participants being nominated in any other category.

There was a tie for Best Actor, a unique event in Academy history.

'''1934''' – 6th Awards
{| class="wikitable"
|Best Picture
|''Cavalcade''
|-
|Best Director
|Frank Lloyd (''Cavalcade'')
|-
|Best Actor
|Charles Laughton (''The Private Life of Henry VIII'')
|-
|Best Actress
|Katharine Hepburn (''Morning Glory'')
|}
The awards ceremony honoured the best films from August 1932 to December 1933 and took place in March 1934 at the Ambassador Hotel and was hosted by Will Rogers.

Walt Disney became the first person to win consecutive Academy Awards, winning Best Short Subject, Cartoon after having won the same award in 1933

Diana Wynyard was the first British actress to be nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress, for her role in ''Cavalcade''.

'''1935''' – 7th Awards
{| class="wikitable"
|Best Picture
|''It Happened One Night''
|-
|Best Director
|Frank Capra (''It Happened One Night'')
|-
|Best Actor
|Clark Gable (''It Happened One Night'')
|-
|Best Actress
|Claudette Colbert (''It Happened One Night'')
|-
|
|
|-
|Best Original Song
|''The Continental'' (''The Gay Divorcee'')
|}
The awards ceremony honoured the best films from 1934 and took place in February 1935 at the Biltmore Hotel and was hosted by Irvin S. Cobb. As of this ceremony, the Academy's award eligibility period coincided with the calendar year.

''It Happened One Night'' was the first film to win Oscars for Best Actor and Actress. It was the first film ever to win the ‘Big Five’ Academy Awards (Best Picture, Best Director, Best Actor, Best Actress, and Best Screenplay).

Best Original Song and Best Original Score award categories were introduced.

Six-year-old Shirley Temple became the first child star to be honoured with a miniature Juvenile Oscar.

'''1936''' – 8th Awards
{| class="wikitable"
|Best Picture
|''Mutiny on the Bounty''
|-
|Best Director
|John Ford (''The Informer'')
|-
|Best Actor
|Victor McLaglen (''The Informer'')
|-
|Best Actress
|Bette Davis (''Dangerous'')
|-
|
|
|-
|Best Original Song
|''Lullaby of Broadway'' (''Gold Diggers of 1935'')
|-
|Best Adapted Screenplay
|''The Informer'' – Dudley Nichols
|}
Took place in March 1936 at the Biltmore Hotel and was hosted by Frank Capra.

First year in which the awards were called "Oscars".

''Mutiny on the Bounty'' became the only film to receive three nominations for Best Actor (Clark Gable, Charles Laughton and Franchot Tone).

Dudley Nichols was the first person to refuse an Oscar. He boycotted the ceremony because of ongoing conflicts between the Academy and the Writer's Guild.

'''1937''' – 9th Awards
{| class="wikitable"
|Best Picture
|''The Great Ziegfield''
|-
|Best Director
|Frank Capra (''Mr. Deeds Goes to Town'')
|-
|Best Actor
|Paul Muni (''The Story of Louis Pasteur'')
|-
|Best Actress
|Luise Rainer (''The Great Ziegfeld'')
|-
|
|
|-
|Best Supporting Actor
|Walter Brennan (''Come and Get It'')
|-
|Best Supporting Actress
|Gale Sondergaard (''Anthony Adverse'')
|}
Took place in March 1937 at the Biltmore Hotel and was hosted by George Jessel.

This year marked the introduction of the Best Supporting Actor and Best Supporting Actress categories.

Luise Rainer played Anna Held, who is the first real life person to be portrayed in a role which would win the Academy Award for Best Actress.

'''1938''' – 10th Awards
{| class="wikitable"
|Best Picture
|''The Life of Emile Zola''
|-
|Best Director
|Leo McCarey (''The Awful Truth'')
|-
|Best Actor
|Spencer Tracy (''Captains Courageous'')
|-
|Best Actress
|Luise Rainer (''The Good Earth'')
|}
Took place in March 1938 at the Biltmore Hotel and was hosted by Bob Burns.

Luise Rainer became the first actress to win two Academy Awards.

''Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs'' received only one nomination, for Best Original Score.

Edgar Bergen was given an Academy Honorary Award (in the form of a wooden Oscar statuette with a movable mouth) for his ventriloquist’s dummy named Charlie McCarthy.

'''1939''' – 11th Awards
{| class="wikitable"
|Best Picture
|''You Can’t Take It with You''
|-
|Best Director
|Frank Capra (''You Can’t Take It with You'')
|-
|Best Actor
|Spencer Tracy (''Boys Town'')
|-
|Best Actress
|Bette Davis (''Jezebel'')
|-
|
|
|-
|Best Supporting Actor
|Walter Brennan (''Kentucky'')
|-
|Best Adapted Screenplay
|''Pygmalion'' – George Bernard Shaw
|}
Took place in February 1939 at the Biltmore Hotel with no host.

George Bernard Shaw's win made him the first person to win both a Nobel Prize and an Academy Award.

Erich Korngold's Academy Award for his score to ''The Adventures of Robin Hood'' marked the first time an Oscar was awarded to the composer rather than the head of the studio music department.

Frank Capra became the first person to win three Best Director awards.

=== 1940s ===
'''1940''' – 12th Awards
{| class="wikitable"
|Best Picture
|''Gone with the Wind''
|-
|Best Director
|Victor Fleming (''Gone with the Wind'')
|-
|Best Actor
|Robert Donat (''Goodbye, Mr. Chips'')
|-
|Best Actress
|Vivien Leigh (''Gone with the Wind'')
|-
|
|
|-
|Best Supporting Actress
|Hattie McDaniel (''Gone with the Wind'')
|-
|Best Screenplay
|''Gone with the Wind'' – Sidney Howard
|-
|Best Original Song
|''Over the Rainbow'' (''The Wizard of Oz'')
|}
Took place in February 1940 at the Ambassador Hotel and was hosted by Bob Hope - first of nineteen times he hosted the event.

''Gone with the Wind'' had 13 nominations and won eight Oscars. Longest Best Picture winner (234 minutes). Hattie McDaniel was the first black actress to win an Oscar.

''Gone with the Wind'' was the first colour film to win Best Picture.

Academy Juvenile Award was presented to Judy Garland for ''The Wizard of Oz''.

Introduction of Best Visual Effects category.

Sidney Howard was the first posthumous winner of an Oscar, for writing ''Gone with the Wind''.

'''1941''' – 13th Awards
{| class="wikitable"
|Best Picture
|''Rebecca''
|-
|Best Director
|John Ford (''The Grapes of Wrath'')
|-
|Best Actor
|James Stewart (''The Philadelphia Story'')
|-
|Best Actress
|Ginger Rogers (''Kitty Foyle'')
|-
|
|
|-
|Best Supporting Actor
|Walter Brennan (''The Westerner'')
|-
|Best Original song
|''When You Wish Upon a Star'' (''Pinocchio'')
|-
|Best Original Screenplay
|''The Great McGinty'' – Preston Sturges
|}
Took place in February 1941 at the Biltmore Hotel and was hosted by Bob Hope.

First year that sealed envelopes were used to keep the names of the winners secret.

Alfred Hitchcock won his only Best Picture Oscar for ''Rebecca''.

Walter Brennan won his third Best Supporting Actor award.

''Pinocchio'' was the first animated feature film to win competitive Oscars, for Best Original Score and Best Original Song.

Best Original Screenplay was introduced at this ceremony.

'''1942''' – 14th Awards
{| class="wikitable"
|Best Picture
|''How Green Was My Valley''
|-
|Best Director
|John Ford (''How Green Was My Valley'')
|-
|Best Actor
|Gary Cooper (''Sergeant York'')
|-
|Best Actress
|Joan Fontaine (''Suspicion'')
|}
Took place in February 1942 at the Biltmore Hotel and was hosted by Bob Hope.

Citizen Kane was nominated for nine awards but won only one, for Best Original Screenplay

''Sergeant York'' was nominated for eleven awards and won two (Best Actor and Best Film Editing)

Joan Fontaine is the only actress to ever win the Best Actress Oscar in a film directed by Alfred Hitchcock (''Suspicion''). This is the only Oscar-winning performance in a Hitchcock film.

Sisters Joan Fontaine and Olivia de Havilland were both nominated for Best Actress.

'''1943''' – 15th Awards
{| class="wikitable"
|Best Picture
|''Mrs. Miniver''
|-
|Best Director
|William Wyler (''Mrs. Miniver'')
|-
|Best Actor
|James Cagney (''Yankee Doodle Dandy'')
|-
|Best Actress
|Greer Garson (''Mrs. Miniver'')
|-
|
|
|-
|Best Original Song
|''White Christmas'' (''Holiday Inn'')
|}
Took place in March 1943 at the Ambassador Hotel and was hosted by Bob Hope.

Greer Garson holds the record for the longest acceptance speech, at five minutes and 30 seconds.

Irving Berlin presented himself with an Oscar after opening the envelope for Best Original Song and seeing that ''White Christmas'' had won.

James Cagney won his only Oscar for his role in ''Yankee Doodle Dandy.''

Best Documentary Feature Film was introduced, and there was a four-way tie including John Ford’s ''The Battle of Midway'', filmed on the island of Midway during the battle and Frank Capra’s ''Prelude to War''.

'''1944''' – 16th Awards
{| class="wikitable"
|Best Picture
|''Casablanca''
|-
|Best Director
|Michael Curtiz (''Casablanca'')
|-
|Best Actor
|Paul Lukas (''Watch on the Rhine'')
|-
|Best Actress
|Jennifer Jones (''The Song of Bernadette'')
|-
|
|
|-
|Best Short Film – Cartoons
|''The Yankee Doodle Mouse'' – Fred Quimby
|}
Took place in March 1944 at Grauman's Chinese Theatre. Jack Benny hosted the event and it lasted less than 30 minutes.

Michael Curtiz won his only Oscar for Best Director for ''Casablanca.''

''The Yankee Doodle Mouse'' was the first of seven Oscars won by Tom and Jerry cartoons.

'''1945''' – 17th Awards
{| class="wikitable"
|Best Picture
|''Going My Way''
|-
|Best Director
|Leo McCarey (''Going My Way'')
|-
|Best Actor
|Bing Crosby (''Going My Way'')
|-
|Best Actress
|Ingrid Bergman (''Gaslight'')
|-
|
|
|-
|Best Supporting Actress
|Ethel Barrymore (''None but the Lonely Heart'')
|-
|Best Original Song
|''Swinging on a Star'' (''Going My Way'')
|}
Took place in March 1945 at Grauman's Chinese Theatre and was hosted by Bob Hope and John Cromwell. It was first time the complete awards ceremony was broadcast nationally on the radio.

'''1946''' – 18th Awards
{| class="wikitable"
|Best Picture
|''The Lost Weekend''
|-
|Best Director
|Billy Wilder (''The Lost Weekend'')
|-
|Best Actor
|Ray Milland (''The Lost Weekend'')
|-
|Best Actress
|Joan Crawford (''Mildred Pierce'')
|-
|
|
|-
|Best Original Song
|''It Might as Well Be Spring'' (''State Fair'')
|}
Took place in March 1946 at Grauman's Chinese Theatre and was hosted by Bob Hope and James Stewart.

Joan Crawford was absent from the ceremony.

''It Might as Well Be Spring'' won an Oscar for Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein.

'''1947''' – 19th Awards
{| class="wikitable"
|Best Picture
|''The Best Years of Our Lives''
|-
|Best Director
|William Wyler (''The Best Years of Our Lives'')
|-
|Best Actor
|Fredric March (''The Best Years of Our Lives'')
|-
|Best Actress
|Olivia de Havilland (''To Each his Own'')
|}
Took place in March 1947 at the Shrine Auditorium and was hosted by Jack Benny.

'''1948''' – 20th Awards
{| class="wikitable"
|Best Picture
|''Gentleman’s Agreement''
|-
|Best Director
|Elia Kazan (''Gentleman’s Agreement'')
|-
|Best Actor
|Ronald Colman (''A Double Life'')
|-
|Best Actress
|Loretta Young (''The Farmer’s Daughter'')
|-
|
|
|-
|Best Supporting Actor
|Edmund Gwenn (''Miracle on 34th Street'')
|-
|Best Original Song
|''Zip-a-Dee-Doo-Dah'' (''Song of the South'')
|}
Took place in March 1948 at the Shrine Auditorium and was hosted by Agnes Moorehead and Dick Powell.

'''1949''' – 21st Awards
{| class="wikitable"
|Best Picture
|''Hamlet''
|-
|Best Director
|John Huston (''The Treasure of the Sierra Madre'')
|-
|Best Actor
|Laurence Olivier (''Hamlet'')
|-
|Best Actress
|Jane Wyman (''Johnny Belinda'')
|-
|
|
|-
|Best Supporting Actor
|Walter Huston (''The Treasure of the Sierra Madre'')
|}
Took place in March 1949 at the Academy Theatre and was hosted by Robert Montgomery.

Laurence Olivier was the first person to win an Oscar for Best Actor in a film which he also directed, for ''Hamlet''.

''Hamlet'' was the first British film to win the Best Picture Oscar.

Walter Huston was the father of John Huston.

Academy Award for Best Costume Design was first given. Initially, separate award categories were established for black-and-white films and colour films. The two categories merged in 1967.

=== 1950s ===
'''1950''' – 22nd Awards
{| class="wikitable"
|Best Picture
|''All the King’s Men''
|-
|Best Director
|Joseph L. Manciewicz (''A Letter to Three Wives'')
|-
|Best Actor
|Broderick Crawford (''All the King’s Men'')
|-
|Best Actress
|Olivia de Havilland (''The Heiress'')
|-
|
|
|-
|Best Original Song
|''Baby, It’s Cold Outside'' (''Neptune’s Daughter'')
|}
Took place in March 1950 at the Pantages Theatre and was hosted by Paul Douglas.

'''1951''' – 23rd Awards
{| class="wikitable"
|Best Picture
|''All About Eve''
|-
|Best Director
|Joseph L. Manciewicz (''All About Eve'')
|-
|Best Actor
|Jose Ferrer (''Cyrano de Bergerac'')
|-
|Best Actress
|Judy Holliday (''Born Yesterday'')
|-
|
|
|-
|Best Supporting Actor
|George Sanders (''All About Eve'')
|}
Took place in March 1951 at the Pantages Theatre and was hosted by Fred Astaire.

''All About Eve'' was nominated for 14 Academy Awards and won six, including Best Picture. It is the only film in Oscar history to date to receive four female acting nominations, two for Best Actress (Bette Davis and Anne Baxter) and two for Best Supporting Actress (Celeste Holm and Thelma Ritter).

'''1952''' – 24th Awards
{| class="wikitable"
|Best Picture
|''An American in Paris''
|-
|Best Director
|George Stevens (''A Place in the Sun'')
|-
|Best Actor
|Humphrey Bogart (''The African Queen'')
|-
|Best Actress
|Vivien Leigh (''A Streetcar Named Desire'')
|-
|
|
|-
|Best Supporting Actor
|Karl Malden (''A Streetcar Named Desire'')
|-
|Best Supporting Actress
|Kim Hunter (''A Streetcar Named Desire'')
|}
Took place in March 1952 at the Pantages Theatre and was hosted by Danny Kaye.

None of the actors in ''An American in Paris'' were nominated for awards.

''A Streetcar Named Desire'' became the first film to win three acting awards.

Humphrey Bogart won his only Oscar for Best Actor.

'''1953''' – 25th Awards
{| class="wikitable"
|Best Picture
|''The Greatest Show on Earth''
|-
|Best Director
|John Ford (''The Quiet Man'')
|-
|Best Actor
|Gary Cooper (''High Noon'')
|-
|Best Actress
|Shirley Booth (''Come Back, Little Sheba'')
|-
|
|
|-
|Best Supporting Actor
|Anthony Quinn (''Viva Zapata!'')
|-
|Best Original Song
|''The Ballad of High Noon'' (aka ''Do Not Forsake Me, O My Darlin''') (''High Noon'')
|}
Taking place in March 1953 it was televised for the first time and there were two simultaneous award ceremonies in Hollywood (Pantages Theatre) and New York (NBC International Theatre). They were hosted by Bob Hope (in Hollywood), Conrad Nagel (as master of ceremonies) and Fredric March (in New York).

Dimitri Tiomkin won an Oscar for Best Original Song for ''High Noon.''

'''1954''' – 26th Awards
{| class="wikitable"
|Best Picture
|''From Here to Eternity''
|-
|Best Director
|Fred Zinnemann (''From Here to Eternity'')
|-
|Best Actor
|William Holden (''Stalag 17'')
|-
|Best Actress
|Audrey Hepburn (''Roman Holiday'')
|-
|
|
|-
|Best Supporting Actor
|Frank Sinatra (''From Here to Eternity'')
|-
|Best Supporting Actress
|Donna Reed (''From Here to Eternity'')
|-
|Best Original Song
|''Secret Love'' (''Calamity Jane'')
|}
Taking place in March 1954 there were two simultaneous award ceremonies in Hollywood (Pantages Theatre) and New York (NBC Century Theatre). They were hosted by Donald O’Connor (in Hollywood) and Fredric March (in New York).

''Secret Love'' was sung by Doris Day.

Frank Sinatra won his only Oscar.

William Holden’s acceptance speech was “Thank you. Thank you”

'''1955''' – 27th Awards
{| class="wikitable"
|Best Picture
|''On the Waterfront''
|-
|Best Director
|Elia Kazan (''On the Waterfront'')
|-
|Best Actor
|Marlon Brando (''On the Waterfront'')
|-
|Best Actress
|Grace Kelly (''The Country Girl'')
|-
|
|
|-
|Best Supporting Actress
|Eva Marie Saint (''On the Waterfront'')
|-
|Best Original Song
|''Three Coins in the Fountain'' (''Three Coins in the Fountain)''
|}
Taking place in March 1955 there were two simultaneous award ceremonies in Hollywood (Pantages Theatre) and New York (NBC Century Theatre). They were hosted by Bob Hope (in Hollywood) and Thelma Ritter (in New York).

Sammy Cahn won an Academy Award for the lyrics for ''Three Coins in the Fountain.''

On the Waterfront won 8 Oscars. Three actors were nominated for the Best Supporting Actor.

Dorothy Dandridge was the first African-American actress to be nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance in ''Carmen Jones.''

'''1956''' – 28th Awards
{| class="wikitable"
|Best Picture
|''Marty''
|-
|Best Director
|Delbart Mann (''Marty'')
|-
|Best Actor
|Ernst Borgnine (''Marty'')
|-
|Best Actress
|Anna Magnani (''The Rose Tattoo'')
|-
|
|
|-
|Best Supporting Actor
|Jack Lemmon (''Mister Roberts'')
|}
Taking place in March 1956 at the Pantages Theatre and NBC Century Theatre. They were hosted by Jerry Lewis (in Hollywood) and Claudette Colbert and Joseph L. Mankiewicz (in New York).

Marty is the shortest Best Picture winner (94 minutes).

James Dean became the first actor to receive a posthumous nomination, for ''East of Eden''.

'''1957''' – 29th Awards
{| class="wikitable"
|Best Picture
|''Around the World in 80 Days''
|-
|Best Director
|George Stevens (''Giant'')
|-
|Best Actor
|Yul Brynner (''The King and I'')
|-
|Best Actress
|Ingrid Bergman (''Anastasia'')
|-
|
|
|-
|Best Supporting Actor
|Anthony Quinn (''Lust for Life'')
|-
|Best Original Song
|''Que Sera, Sera'' (''The Man Who Knew Too Much'')
|-
|Best Documentary Feature
|''The Silent World''
|}
Took place in March 1957 at the Pantages Theatre and NBC Century Theatre and was hosted by Jerry Lewis and Celeste Holm.

Anthony Quinn played Paul Gauguin and was on screen for only eight minutes.

''Que Sera, Sera'' was sung by Doris Day and became her ‘theme song’.

''The Silent World'' was co-directed by Jacques Cousteau and Louis Malle.

Best Foreign Language Film was introduced.

'''1958''' – 30th Awards
{| class="wikitable"
|Best Picture
|''The Bridge on the River Kwai''
|-
|Best Director
|David Lean (''The Bridge on the River Kwai'')
|-
|Best Actor
|Alec Guinness (''The Bridge on the River Kwai'')
|-
|Best Actress
|Joanne Woodward (''The Three Faces of Eve'')
|-
|
|
|-
|Best Supporting Actor
|Red Buttons (''Sayonara'')
|}
Took place in March 1958 at the Pantages Theatre and had multiple hosts - Bob Hope, David Niven, James Stewart, Jack Lemmon, Rosalind Russell and Donald Duck ( voiced by Clarence Nash).

'''1959''' – 31st Awards
{| class="wikitable"
|Best Picture
|''Gigi''
|-
|Best Director
|Vincente Minnelli (''Gigi'')
|-
|Best Actor
|David Niven (''Separate Tables'')
|-
|Best Actress
|Susan Hayward (''I Want to Live!'')
|-
|
|
|-
|Best Supporting Actor
|Burl Ives (''The Big Country'')
|-
|Best Original Score
|''Gigi'' – Andre Previn
|-
|Best Original Song
|''Gigi'' (''Gigi'')
|-
|Best Adapted Screenplay
|''Gigi'' – Alan Jay Lerner
|}
Took place in April 1959 at the Pantages Theatre and had multiple hosts - Jerry Lewis, Mort Sahl, Tony Randall, Bob Hope, David Niven (see below) and Laurence Olivier.

''Gigi'' won all nine awards it was nominated for.

The song ''Gigi'' was written by Frederick Loewe (music) and Alan Jay Lerner (words).

David Niven won the Academy Award with his only nomination for an Oscar. Appearing on-screen for only 16 minutes in the film, this remains the briefest performance ever to win a Best Actor Oscar.

David Niven is the only actor to host an Oscars where he won an award.

=== 1960s ===
'''1960''' – 32nd Awards
{| class="wikitable"
|Best Picture
|''Ben-Hur''
|-
|Best Director
|William Wyler (''Ben-Hur'')
|-
|Best Actor
|Charlton Heston (''Ben-Hur'')
|-
|Best Actress
|Simone Signoret (''Room at the Top'')
|-
|
|
|-
|Best Supporting Actor
|Hugh Griffith (''Ben-Hur'')
|-
|Best Supporting Actress
|Shelley Winters (''The Diary of Anne Frank'')
|-
|Best Original Song
|''High Hopes'' (''A Hole in the Head'')
|-
|Best Original Score
|''Porgy and Bess'' – Andre Previn and Ken Darby
|}
Took place in April 1960 at the Pantages Theatre and was hosted by Bob Hope.

''Ben-Hur'' received 12 Oscar nominations and won 11.

'''1961''' – 33rd Awards
{| class="wikitable"
|Best Picture
|''The Apartment''
|-
|Best Director
|Billy Wilder (''The Apartment'')
|-
|Best Actor
|Burt Lancaster (''Elmer Gantry'')
|-
|Best Actress
|Elizabeth Taylor (''BUtterfield 8'')
|-
|
|
|-
|Best Supporting Actor
|Peter Ustinov (''Spartacus'')
|-
|Best Original Song
|''Never on Sunday'' (''Never on Sunday'')
|}
Took place in April 1961 at the Santa Monica Civic Auditorium and was hosted by Bob Hope.

Billy Wilder won three Oscars for ''The Apartment.''

''Never on a Sunday'' was the first Best Song from a foreign language film.

Gary Cooper received an Academy Honorary Award "for his many memorable screen performances and the international recognition he, as an individual, has gained for the motion picture industry". Too ill to accept in person, he died 4 weeks later.

For ''Pollyanna'' Hayley Mills received the last Academy Juvenile Award to be presented. In future juveniles contested the main award categories.

'''1962''' – 34th Awards
{| class="wikitable"
|Best Picture
|''West Side Story''
|-
|Best Director
|Jerome Robbins and Robert Wise (''West Side Story'')
|-
|Best Actor
|Maximilian Schell (''Judgment at Nuremberg'')
|-
|Best Actress
|Sophia Loren (''Two Women'')
|-
|
|
|-
|Best Supporting Actor
|George Chakiris (''West Side Story'')
|-
|Best Supporting Actress
|Rita Moreno (''West Side Story'')
|-
|Best Original Song
|''Moon River'' (''Breakfast at Tiffany's'')
|}
Took place in April 1962 at the Santa Monica Civic Auditorium and was hosted by Bob Hope.

Sophia Loren became the first artist to win an Oscar for a foreign-language performance, performing in Italian.

''West Side Story'' was the first musical to win 10 Oscars.

''Moon River'' was composed by Henry Mancini with lyrics written by Johnny Mercer. It was performed by Audrey Hepburn.

Thelma Ritter received her sixth nomination for Best Supporting Actress for ''Birdman of Alcatraz'', the most nominations for an actress in this category.

'''1963''' – 35th Awards
{| class="wikitable"
|Best Picture
|''Lawrence of Arabia''
|-
|Best Director
|David Lean (''Lawrence of Arabia'')
|-
|Best Actor
|Gregory Peck (''To Kill a Mockingbird'')
|-
|Best Actress
|Anne Bancroft (''The Miracle Worker'')
|-
|
|
|-
|Best Supporting Actress
|Patty Duke (''The Miracle Worker'')
|}
Took place in April 1963 at the Santa Monica Civic Auditorium and was hosted by Frank Sinatra.

Omar Sharif had his only Oscar nomination for ''Lawrence of Arabia''.

''Lawrence of Arabia'' had no female speaking roles.

Patty Duke made the shortest acceptance speech in Oscars’ history – “Thank You”.

Bette Davis became the first person to secure ten Academy Award nominations for acting.

''The Miracle Worker'' won two acting awards without being nominated for Best Picture (first time).

'''1964''' – 36th Awards
{| class="wikitable"
|Best Picture
|''Tom Jones''
|-
|Best Director
|Tony Richardson (''Tom Jones'')
|-
|Best Actor
|Sidney Poitier (''Lilies of the Field'')
|-
|Best Actress
|Patricia Neal (''Hud'')
|-
|
|
|-
|Best Supporting Actor
|Melvyn Douglas (''Hud'')
|-
|Best Supporting Actress
|Margaret Rutherford (''The V.I.P.s'')
|-
|Best Foreign Language Film
|''8 ½'' (Federico Fellini, Italy)
|-
|Best Adapted Screenplay
|''Tom Jones'' – John Osborne
|}
Took place in April 1964 at the Santa Monica Civic Auditorium and was hosted by Jack Lemmon.

Sidney Poitier became the first black actor to win the Academy Award for Best Actor.

''Hud'' won two acting awards without being nominated for Best Picture (second and last time - see also ''The Miracle Worker'' in 1963).

'''1965''' – 37th Awards
{| class="wikitable"
|Best Picture
|''My Fair Lady''
|-
|Best Director
|George Cukor (''My Fair Lady'')
|-
|Best Actor
|Rex Harrison (''My Fair Lady'')
|-
|Best Actress
|Julie Andrews (''Mary Poppins'')
|-
|
|
|-
|Best Supporting Actor
|Peter Ustinov (''Topkapi'')
|-
|Best Original Song
|''Chim Chim Cher-ee'' (''Mary Poppins'')
|-
|Best Sound Effects
|''Goldfinger'' – Norman Wanstall
|-
|Best Costume Design
|Cecil Beaton (''My Fair Lady'')
|}
Took place in April 1965 at the Santa Monica Civic Auditorium and was hosted by Bob Hope.

''Mary Poppins'' was Walt Disney’s only nomination for Best Picture Oscar

''Goldfinger'' was the first James Bond film to win an Oscar

'''1966''' – 38th Awards
{| class="wikitable"
|Best Picture
|''The Sound of Music''
|-
|Best Director
|Robert Wise (''The Sound of Music'')
|-
|Best Actor
|Lee Marvin (''Cat Ballou'')
|-
|Best Actress
|Julie Christie (''Darling'')
|-
|
|
|-
|Best Supporting Actress
|Shelley Winters (''A Patch of Blue'')
|-
|Best Adapted Screenplay
|''Doctor Zhivago'' – Robert Bolt
|-
|Best Visual Effects
|''Thunderball'' – John Stears
|}
Took place in April 1966 at the Santa Monica Civic Auditorium and was hosted by Bob Hope.

William Wyler received the last of his record 12 Best Director nominations for ''The Collector''.

'''1967''' – 39th Awards
{| class="wikitable"
|Best Picture
|''A Man for All Seasons''
|-
|Best Director
|Fred Zinnemann (''A Man for All Seasons'')
|-
|Best Actor
|Paul Scofield (''A Man for All Seasons'')
|-
|Best Actress
|Elizabeth Taylor (''Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf?'')
|-
|
|
|-
|Best Supporting Actor
|Walter Matthau (''The Fortune Cookie'')
|-
|Best Adapted Screenplay
|''A Man for All Seasons'' – Robert Bolt
|}
Took place in April 1967 at the Santa Monica Civic Auditorium and was hosted by Bob Hope.

Sisters Vanessa and Lynn Redgrave were both nominated for Best Actress.

'''1968''' – 40th Awards
{| class="wikitable"
|Best Picture
|''In the Heat of the Night''
|-
|Best Director
|Mike Nichols (''The Graduate'')
|-
|Best Actor
|Rod Steiger (''In the Heat of the Night'')
|-
|Best Actress
|Katharine Hepburn (''Guess Who’s Coming to Dinner'')
|-
|
|
|-
|Best Supporting Actor
|George Kennedy (''Cool Hand Luke'')
|-
|Best Original Song
|''Talk to the Animals'' (''Doctor Dolittle'')
|}
Took place in April 1968 at the Santa Monica Civic Auditorium and was hosted by Bob Hope. The ceremony was postponed for 2 days following the assassination of Martin Luther King jr.

This was the first and only time that three different films were nominated for the five major categories (Picture, Director, Actor, Actress and Screenplay): ''Bonnie and Clyde, The Graduate and Guess Who's Coming to Dinner.''

'''1969''' – 41st Awards
{| class="wikitable"
|Best Picture
|''Oliver!''
|-
|Best Director
|Carol Reed (''Oliver!'')
|-
|Best Actor
|Cliff Robertson (''Charly'')
|-
|Best Actress
|Katharine Hepburn (''The Lion in Winter'')

Barbra Streisand (''Funny Girl'')
|-
|
|
|-
|Best Foreign Language Film
|''War and Peace'' (Sergei Bondarchuk, Russia)
|-
|Best Original Song
|''The Windmills of Your Mind'' (''The Thomas Crown Affair'')
|}
Took place in April 1969 at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion, Los Angeles. There was no host.

This was the only time there has been a tie for Best Actress award.

''Young Americans'' won the award for Best Documentary Feature Film but became the only film to have its Oscar revoked as it had premiered in 1967. The Oscar was subsequently awarded to ''Journey into Self''.

''War and Peace'' was in four parts, with a total running time of 431 minutes.

=== 1970s ===
'''1970''' – 42nd Awards
{| class="wikitable"
|Best Picture
|''Midnight Cowboy''
|-
|Best Director
|John Schlesinger (''Midnight Cowboy'')
|-
|Best Actor
|John Wayne (''True Grit'')
|-
|Best Actress
|Maggie Smith (''The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie'')
|-
|
|
|-
|Best Supporting Actress
|Goldie Hawn (''Cactus Flower'')
|-
|Best Original Song
|“Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head” from ''Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid''
|-
|Best Original Screenplay
|''Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid'' – William Goldman
|}
Took place in April 1970 at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion, Los Angeles. There was no host.

''Midnight Cowboy'' is the only X-rated film to win Best Picture Oscar.

''Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head'' was written by Hal David and Burt Bacharach. The version by B. J. Thomas reached No. 1 on singles charts in the United States.

''They Shoot Horses, Don't They?'' set an Oscar record by receiving nine nominations without one for Best Picture.

'''1971''' – 43rd Awards
{| class="wikitable"
|Best Picture
|''Patton''
|-
|Best Director
|Franklin J. Schaffner (''Patton'')
|-
|Best Actor
|George C. Scott (''Patton'')
|-
|Best Actress
|Glenda Jackson (''Women in Love'')
|-
|
|
|-
|Best Supporting Actor
|John Mills (''Ryan’s Daughter'')
|-
|Best Supporting Actress
|Helen Hayes (''Airport'')
|}
Took place in April 1971 at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion, Los Angeles. There was no host.

George C. Scott became the first actor to refuse an Oscar.

Helen Hayes became the first actress to win Oscars in both lead and supporting categories.

'''1972''' – 44th Awards
{| class="wikitable"
|Best Picture
|''The French Connection''
|-
|Best Director
|William Friedkin (''The French Connection'')
|-
|Best Actor
|Gene Hackman (''The French Connection'')
|-
|Best Actress
|Jane Fonda (''Klute'')
|}
Took place in April 1972 at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion, Los Angeles and was hosted by Helen Hayes, Alan King, Sammy Davis Jr., and Jack Lemmon.

''A Clockwork Orange'' was the last X-rated film to be nominated for Best Picture.

'''1973''' – 45th Awards
{| class="wikitable"
|Best Picture
|''The Godfather''
|-
|Best Director
|Bob Fosse (''Cabaret'')
|-
|Best Actor
|Marlon Brando (''The Godfather'')
|-
|Best Actress
|Liza Minnelli (''Cabaret'')
|-
|
|
|-
|Best Original Score
|''Limelight'' (Charlie Chaplin)
|}
Took place in March 1973 at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion, Los Angeles and was hosted by Carol Burnett, Michael Caine, Charlton Heston, and Rock Hudson.

''Cabaret'' won the most Oscars (eight) without winning Best Picture.

Bob Fosse became the only person to ever win an Oscar (for ''Cabaret''), a Tony and an Emmy in the same year.

Marlon Brando turned down as Oscar for ''The Godfather'' due to mistreatment and mis-portrayal of Native Americans by Hollywood, and sent Apache actress Sacheen Littlefeather to explain why he did not accept the Oscar.

Charlie Chaplin received his only competitive Oscar. ''Limelight'' was produced in 1952 but was not seen in Los Angeles until its re-release in 1972.

'''1974''' – 46th Awards
{| class="wikitable"
|Best Picture
|''The Sting''
|-
|Best Director
|George Roy Hill (''The Sting'')
|-
|Best Actor
|Jack Lemmon (''Save the Tiger'')
|-
|Best Actress
|Glenda Jackson (''A Touch of Class'')
|-
|
|
|-
|Best Supporting Actress
|Tatum O’Neal (''Paper Moon'')
|}
Took place in April 1974 at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion, Los Angeles and was hosted by Burt Reynolds, Diana Ross, John Huston, and David Niven.

Jack Lemmon was the first previous winner of a Best Supporting Actor Oscar to win the Best Actor award.

Tatum O'Neal is the youngest person ever to win a competitive Academy Award, which she won at age 10 for her performance in ''Paper Moon'' opposite her father, Ryan O'Neal.

Julia Philips was the first female producer to win an Academy Award for Best Picture for ''The Sting''.

'''1975''' – 47th Awards
{| class="wikitable"
|Best Picture
|''The Godfather Part II''
|-
|Best Director
|Francis Ford Coppola (''The Godfather Part II'')
|-
|Best Actor
|Art Carney (''Harry and Tonto'')
|-
|Best Actress
|Ellen Burstyn (''Alice Doesn’t Live Here Anymore'')
|-
|
|
|-
|Best Supporting Actor
|Robert De Niro (''The Godfather Part II'')
|-
|Best Supporting Actress
|Ingrid Bergman (''Murder on the Orient Express'')
|}
Took place in April 1975 at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion, Los Angeles and was hosted by Bob Hope, Shirley MacLaine, Sammy Davis Jr., and Frank Sinatra.

''The Godfather Part II'' had three Best Supporting Actor nominations, the last film to receive three nominations in a single acting category.

Fred Astaire received his only Oscar nomination for ''The Towering Inferno''.

'''1976''' – 48th Awards
{| class="wikitable"
|Best Picture
|''One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest''
|-
|Best Director
|Milos Forman (''One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest'')
|-
|Best Actor
|Jack Nicholson (''One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest'')
|-
|Best Actress
|Louise Fletcher (''One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest'')
|-
|
|
|-
|Best Supporting Actor
|George Burns (''The Sunshine Boys'')
|-
|Best Adapted Screenplay
|''One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest''
|}
Took place in March 1976 at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion, Los Angeles and was hosted by Walter Matthau, Robert Shaw, George Segal, Goldie Hawn, and Gene Kelly.

''One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest'' won all five major categories.

George Burns, aged 80, was the oldest acting winner at the time.

'''1977''' – 49th Awards
{| class="wikitable"
|Best Picture
|''Rocky''
|-
|Best Director
|John G. Avildsen (''Rocky'')
|-
|Best Actor
|Peter Finch (''Network'')
|-
|Best Actress
|Fay Dunaway (''Network'')
|-
|
|
|-
|Best Supporting Actor
|Jason Robards (''All the President’s Men'')
|-
|Best Supporting Actress
|Beatrice Straight (''Network'')
|-
|Best Original Song
|''Evergreen'' (''A Star Is Born'')
|-
|Best Original Score
|''The Omen'' – Jerry Goldsmith
|-
|Best Adapted Screenplay
|''All the President’s Men'' – William Goldman
|}
Took place in March 1977 at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion, Los Angeles and was hosted by Richard Pryor, Ellen Burstyn, Jane Fonda, and Warren Beatty.

''Network'' became the second film, after ''A Streetcar Named Desire'', to win three acting Oscars.

Peter Finch became the first actor to win a posthumous award.

Beatrice Straight set a record for the shortest performance ever (6 minutes) to win an acting Oscar.

Lina Wertmuller became the first woman nominated for Best Director, for ''Seven Beauties''.

Barbra Streisand became the first woman to be honored as a composer, for ''Evergreen''.

Jerry Goldsmith won his only Oscar, from 18 Academy Award nominations.

'''1978''' – 50th Awards
{| class="wikitable"
|Best Picture
|''Annie Hall''
|-
|Best Director
|Woody Allen (''Annie Hall'')
|-
|Best Actor
|Richard Dreyfuss (''The Goodbye Girl'')
|-
|Best Actress
|Diane Keaton (''Annie Hall'')
|-
|
|
|-
|Best Supporting Actor
|Jason Robards (''Julia'')
|-
|Best Supporting Actress
|Vanessa Redgrave (''Julia'')
|}
Took place in April 1978 at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion, Los Angeles and was hosted by Bob Hope, his final time as host.

Jason Robards won his second consecutive Best Supporting Actor award.

Woody Allen received his only acting Oscar nomination, for ''Annie Hall''.

Alec Guinness received the only ''Star Wars'' acting Oscar nomination.

''The Turning Point'' received 11 nominations with no wins.

'''1979''' – 51st Awards
{| class="wikitable"
|Best Picture
|''The Deer Hunter''
|-
|Best Director
|Michael Cimino (''The Deer Hunter'')
|-
|Best Actor
|John Voight (''Coming Home'')
|-
|Best Actress
|Jane Fonda (''Coming Home'')
|-
|
|
|-
|Best Supporting Actor
|Christopher Walken (''The Deer Hunter'')
|-
|Best Supporting Actress
|Maggie Smith (''California Suite'')
|}
Took place in April 1979 at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion, Los Angeles and was hosted by Johnny Carson for the first time.

Laurence Olivier became the first actor to secure ten Academy Award nominations for acting.

Jack Warden was nominated for Best Supporting Actor for playing the character Max Corkle in ''Heaven Can Wait''. James Gleason had been nominated for the same award for playing the same character in ''Here Comes Mr Jordan'' (''Heaven Can Wait'' was a remake) at the 1942 award ceremony.

=== 1980s ===
'''1980''' – 52nd Awards
{| class="wikitable"
|Best Picture
|''Kramer vs. Kramer''
|-
|Best Director
|Robert Benton (''Kramer vs. Kramer'')
|-
|Best Actor
|Dustin Hoffman (''Kramer vs. Kramer'')
|-
|Best Actress
|Sally Field (''Norma Rae'')
|-
|
|
|-
|Best Supporting Actress
|Meryl Streep (''Kramer vs. Kramer'')
|-
|Best Foreign Language Film
|''The Tin Drum'' (Volker Schlondorff, Germany)
|-
|Best Visual Effects
|''Alien''
|}
Took place in April 1980 at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion, Los Angeles and was hosted by Johnny Carson.

At age eight, Best Supporting Actor nominee Justin Henry (''Kramer vs. Kramer'') became the youngest person nominated for an Oscar.

H. R. Giger was part of the special effects team that won an Academy Award for ''Alien''.

'''1981''' – 53rd Awards
{| class="wikitable"
|Best Picture
|''Ordinary People''
|-
|Best Director
|Robert Redford (''Ordinary People'')
|-
|Best Actor
|Robert De Niro (''Raging Bull'')
|-
|Best Actress
|Sissy Spacek (''Coal Miner’s Daughter'')
|-
|
|
|-
|Best Supporting Actor
|Timothy Hutton (''Ordinary People'')
|}
Took place in April 1981 at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion, Los Angeles and was hosted by Johnny Carson. It had been postponed for a day due to the attempted assassination of President Ronald Reagan.

Timothy Hutton is the youngest recipient of the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor, aged 20.

'''1982''' – 54th Awards
{| class="wikitable"
|Best Picture
|''Chariots of Fire''
|-
|Best Director
|Warren Beatty (''Reds'')
|-
|Best Actor
|Henry Fonda (''On Golden Pond'')
|-
|Best Actress
|Katharine Hepburn (''On Golden Pond'')
|-
|
|
|-
|Best Supporting Actor
|John Gielgud (''Arthur'')
|}
Took place in April 1982 at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion, Los Angeles and was hosted by Johnny Carson.

Katharine Hepburn became the first and only performer to win four competitive acting Oscars.

76-year-old Henry Fonda won the Best Actor Award.

Academy Award for Best Makeup was introduced, following complaints that the makeup work in ''The Elephant Man'' the previous year was not honoured.

'''1983''' – 55th Awards
{| class="wikitable"
|Best Picture
|''Gandhi''
|-
|Best Director
|Richard Attenborough (''Gandhi'')
|-
|Best Actor
|Ben Kingsley (''Gandhi'')
|-
|Best Actress
|Meryl Streep (''Sophie’s Choice'')
|-
|
|
|-
|Best Supporting Actor
|Louis Gossett (''An Officer and a Gentleman'')
|-
|Best Supporting Actress
|Jessica Lange (''Tootsie'')
|-
|Best Original Song
|''Up Where We Belong'' (''An Officer and a Gentleman'')
|}
Took place in April 1983 at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion, Los Angeles and was hosted by Liza Minnelli, Dudley Moore, Richard Pryor, and Walter Matthau.

Louis Gossett became the first African-American actor to win Best Supporting Actor.

'''1984''' – 56th Awards
{| class="wikitable"
|Best Picture
|''Terms of Endearment''
|-
|Best Director
|James L. Brooks (''Terms of Endearment'')
|-
|Best Actor
|Robert Duvall (''Tender Mercies'')
|-
|Best Actress
|Shirley MacLaine (''Terms of Endearment'')
|-
|
|
|-
|Best Supporting Actor
|Jack Nicholson (''Terms of Endearment'')
|-
|Best Supporting Actress
|Linda Hunt (''The Year of Living Dangerously'')
|-
|Best Foreign Language Film
|''Fanny and Alexander'' (Ingmar Bergman, Sweden)
|-
|Best Original Song
|''Flashdance… What a Feeling'' (''Flashdance'')
|}
Took place in April 1984 at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion, Los Angeles and was hosted by Johnny Carson.

Linda Hunt was the first person to win an Oscar for portraying a character of the opposite sex, as Billy Kwan.

Irene Cara became the first black woman to win an Oscar in a non-acting category for the song ''Flashdance''.

'''1985''' – 57th Awards
{| class="wikitable"
|Best Picture
|''Amadeus''
|-
|Best Director
|Milos Forman (''Amadeus'')
|-
|Best Actor
|F. Murray Abraham (''Amadeus'')
|-
|Best Actress
|Sally Field (''Places in the Heart'')
|-
|
|
|-
|Best Supporting Actress
|Peggy Ashcroft (''A Passage to India'')
|-
|Best Original Score
|''Purple Rain'' – Prince
|-
|Best Original Song
|''I Just Called to Say I Love You'' (''Woman in Red'')
|}
Took place in March 1985 at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion, Los Angeles and was hosted by Jack Lemmon.

'''1986''' – 58th Awards
{| class="wikitable"
|Best Picture
|''Out of Africa''
|-
|Best Director
|Sydney Pollack (''Out of Africa'')
|-
|Best Actor
|William Hurt (''Kiss of the Spider Woman'')
|-
|Best Actress
|Geraldine Page (''The Trip to Bountiful'')
|-
|
|
|-
|Best Supporting Actor
|Don Ameche (''Cocoon'')
|-
|Best Supporting Actress
|Anjelica Huston (''Prizzi’s Honor'')
|-
|Best Original Song
|''Say You, Say Me'' (''White Nights'')
|}
Took place in March 1986 at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion, Los Angeles and was hosted by Alan Alda, Jane Fonda, and Robin Williams.

''The Color Purple'' failed to win any of its eleven nominations.

Anjelica Huston became the first third-generation Oscar winner after her father, John and grandfather Walter.

'''1987''' – 59th Awards
{| class="wikitable"
|Best Picture
|''Platoon''
|-
|Best Director
|Oliver Stone (''Platoon'')
|-
|Best Actor
|Paul Newman (''The Colour of Money'')
|-
|Best Actress
|Marlee Matlin (''Children of a Lesser God'')
|-
|
|
|-
|Best Supporting Actor
|Michael Caine (''Hannah and Her Sisters'')
|-
|Best Supporting Actress
|Dianne Wiest (''Hannah and Her Sisters'')
|-
|Best Original Song
|''Take My Breath Away'' (''Top Gun'')
|-
|Best Original Score
|''Round Midnight'' – Herbie Hancock
|}
Took place in March 1987 at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion, Los Angeles and was hosted by Chevy Chase, Paul Hogan, and Goldie Hawn.

Marlee Matlin was the first deaf actor to win an Oscar, and the youngest Best Actress winner

Herbie Hancock was the first black person to win an Oscar for Best Original Score.

'''1988''' – 60th Awards
{| class="wikitable"
|Best Picture
|''The Last Emperor''
|-
|Best Director
|Bernardo Bertolucci (''The Last Emperor'')
|-
|Best Actor
|Michael Douglas (''Wall Street'')
|-
|Best Actress
|Cher (''Moonstruck'')
|-
|
|
|-
|Best Supporting Actor
|Sean Connery (''The Untouchables'')
|-
|Best Supporting Actress
|Olympia Dukakis (''Moonstruck'')
|-
|Best Foreign Language Film
|''Babette’s Feast'' (Gabriel Axel, Denmark)
|-
|Best Original Song
|''(I’ve Had) The Time of My Life'' (''Dirty Dancing'')
|-
|Best Original Score
|''The Last Emperor -'' David Byrne, Cong Su, and Ryuichi Sakamoto
|}
Took place in April 1988 at the Shrine Auditorium, Los Angeles and was hosted by Chevy Chase.

''The Last Emperor'' won all nine awards it was nominated for.

Sean Connery won his only Oscar.

'''1989''' – 61st Awards
{| class="wikitable"
|Best Picture
|''Rain Man''
|-
|Best Director
|Barry Levinson (''Rain Man'')
|-
|Best Actor
|Dustin Hoffman (''Rain Man'')
|-
|Best Actress
|Jodie Foster (''The Accused'')
|-
|
|
|-
|Best Supporting Actor
|Kevin Kline (''A Fish Called Wanda'')
|-
|Best Supporting Actress
|Geena Davis (''The Accidental Tourist'')
|-
|Best Animated Short Film
|''Tin Toy''
|}
Took place in March 1989 at the Shrine Auditorium, Los Angeles. There was no host.

''Tin Toy'' was the first Oscar won by Pixar

=== 1990s ===
'''1990''' – 62nd Awards
{| class="wikitable"
|Best Picture
|''Driving Miss Daisy''
|-
|Best Director
|Oliver Stone (''Born on the Fourth of July'')
|-
|Best Actor
|Daniel Day-Lewis (''My Left Foot'')
|-
|Best Actress
|Jessica Tandy (''Driving Miss Daisy'')
|-
|
|
|-
|Best Supporting Actor
|Denzel Washington (''Glory'')
|-
|Best Supporting Actress
|Brenda Fricker (''My Left Foot'')
|-
|Best Foreign Language Film
|''Cinema Paradiso'' (Giuseppe Tornatore, Italy)
|-
|Best Original Song
|''Under the Sea'' (''The Little Mermaid'')
|}
Took place in March 1990 at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion in Los Angeles with Billy Crystal hosting the show for the first time.

''Driving Miss Daisy'' won Best Picture without receiving a nomination for Best Director.

Jessica Tandy became the oldest actress to receive the Academy Award for Best Actress, aged 80.

Brenda Fricker became the first Irish actress to win an Oscar.

'''1991''' – 63rd Awards
{| class="wikitable"
|Best Picture
|''Dances with Wolves''
|-
|Best Director
|Kevin Costner (''Dances with Wolves'')
|-
|Best Actor
|Jeremy Irons (''Reversal of Fortune'')
|-
|Best Actress
|Kathy Bates (''Misery'')
|-
|
|
|-
|Best Supporting Actor
|Joe Pesci (''Goodfellas'')
|-
|Best Supporting Actress
|Whoopi Goldberg (''Ghost'')
|-
|Best Original Song
|''Sooner or Later (I Always Get My Man)'' (''Dick Tracy'')
|-
|Best Animated Short Film
|''Creature Comforts'' – Nick Park
|}
Took place in March 1991 at the Shrine Auditorium in Los Angeles and was hosted by Billy Crystal.

Whoopi Goldberg was the second African-American woman to win the Best Supporting Actress award.

First Academy Award win for Nick Park.

Stephen Sondheim won his only Oscar for the song in ''Dick Tracy''.

'''1992''' – 64th Awards
{| class="wikitable"
|Best Picture
|''The Silence of the Lambs''
|-
|Best Director
|Jonathan Demme (''The Silence of the Lambs'')
|-
|Best Actor
|Anthony Hopkins (''The Silence of the Lambs'')
|-
|Best Actress
|Jodie Foster (''The Silence of the Lambs'')
|-
|
|
|-
|Best Supporting Actor
|Jack Palance (''City Slickers'')
|-
|Best Original Score
|''Beauty and the Beast'' – Alan Menken
|}
Took place in March 1992 at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion in Los Angeles and was hosted by Billy Crystal.

''The Silence of the Lambs'' won all five major categories.

''Beauty and the Beast'' was the first full-length animated film nominated for an Oscar.

John Singleton was the first African-American to be nominated for Best Director, for ''Boys n The Hood''.

Geena Davis and Susan Sarandon were both nominated for Best Actress for ''Thelma and Louise''.

Jack Palance won an Oscar 38 years after his last nomination for ''Shane''.

'''1993''' – 65th Awards
{| class="wikitable"
|Best Picture
|''Unforgiven''
|-
|Best Director
|Clint Eastwood (''Unforgiven'')
|-
|Best Actor
|Al Pacino (''Scent of a Woman'')
|-
|Best Actress
|Emma Thompson (''Howards End'')
|-
|
|
|-
|Best Supporting Actor
|Gene Hackman (''Unforgiven'')
|-
|Best Supporting Actress
|Marisa Tomei (''My Cousin Vinny'')
|-
|Best Original Song
|''A Whole New World'' (''Aladdin'')
|-
|Best Original Score
|''Aladdin'' – Alan Menken
|}
Took place in March 1993 at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion in Los Angeles and was hosted by Billy Crystal.

Al Pacino’s only win at the Academy Awards.

''A Whole New World'' – was composed by Alan Menken with lyrics by Tim Rice.

'''1994''' – 66th Awards
{| class="wikitable"
|Best Picture
|''Schindler’s List''
|-
|Best Director
|Steven Spielberg (''Schindler’s List'')
|-
|Best Actor
|Tom Hanks (''Philadelphia'')
|-
|Best Actress
|Holly Hunter (''The Piano'')
|-
|
|
|-
|Best Supporting Actor
|Tommy Lee Jones (''The Fugitive'')
|-
|Best Supporting Actress
|Anna Paquin (''The Piano'')
|-
|Best Original Song
|''Streets of Philadelphia'' (''Philadelphia'')
|}
Took place in March 1994 at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion in Los Angeles and was hosted by Whoopi Goldberg.

''Schindler’s List'' was the last black and white film to win Best Picture before The Artist.

Anna Paquin was aged 11.

''Streets of Philadelphia'' was the only Oscar won by Bruce Springsteen.

'''1995''' – 67th Awards
{| class="wikitable"
|Best Picture
|''Forrest Gump''
|-
|Best Director
|Robert Zemeckis (''Forrest Gump'')
|-
|Best Actor
|Tom Hanks (''Forrest Gump'')
|-
|Best Actress
|Jessica Lange (''Blue Sky'')
|-
|
|
|-
|Best Supporting Actor
|Martin Landau (''Ed Wood'')
|-
|Best Supporting Actress
|Dianne Wiest (''Bullets Over Broadway'')
|-
|Best Original Song
|''Can You Feel the Love Tonight'' (''The Lion King'')
|-
|Best Original Score
|''The Lion King'' – Hans Zimmer
|-
|Best Live Action Short Film
|''Franz Kafka's It's a Wonderful Life'' – Peter Capaldi
|}
Took place in March 1995 at the Shrine Auditorium in Los Angeles and was hosted by David Letterman.

''Can You Feel the Love Tonight'' was composed by Elton John with lyrics by Tim Rice

'''1996''' – 68th Awards
{| class="wikitable"
|Best Picture
|''Braveheart''
|-
|Best Director
|Mel Gibson (''Braveheart'')
|-
|Best Actor
|Nicolas Cage (''Leaving Las Vegas'')
|-
|Best Actress
|Susan Sarandon (''Dead Man Walking'')
|-
|
|
|-
|Best Supporting Actor
|Keven Spacey (''The Usual Suspects'')
|-
|Best Original Song
|''Colours of the Wind'' (''Pocahontas'')
|-
|Best Adapted Screenplay
|''Sense and Sensibility'' – Emma Thompson
|}
Took place in March 1996 at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion in Los Angeles and was hosted by Whoopi Goldberg.

Emma Thompson became the first person to win Oscars for both acting and screenwriting.

'''1997''' – 69th Awards
{| class="wikitable"
|Best Picture
|''The English Patient''
|-
|Best Director
|Anthony Minghella (''The English Patient'')
|-
|Best Actor
|Geoffrey Rush (''Shine'')
|-
|Best Actress
|Frances McDormand (''Fargo'')
|-
|
|
|-
|Best Supporting Actor
|Cuba Gooding Jr. (''Jerry Maguire'')
|-
|Best Supporting Actress
|Juliette Binoche (''The English Patient'')
|-
|Best Original Song
|''You Must Love Me'' (''Evita'')
|-
|Best Original Score
|''Emma'' – Rachel Portman
|}
Took place in March 1997 at the Shrine Auditorium in Los Angeles and was hosted by Billy Crystal.

''The English Patient'' is the only film to win the Oscar for Best Picture which was based on a novel that won the Booker Prize.

Rachel Portman became the first female winner for composing a musical score.

''You Must Love Me'' was composed by Andrew Lloyd Webber with lyrics by Tim Rice.

'''1998''' – 70th Awards
{| class="wikitable"
|Best Picture
|''Titanic''
|-
|Best Director
|James Cameron (''Titanic'')
|-
|Best Actor
|Jack Nicholson (''As Good as it Gets'')
|-
|Best Actress
|Helen Hunt (''As Good as it Gets'')
|-
|
|
|-
|Best Supporting Actor
|Robin Williams (''Good Will Hunting'')
|-
|Best Supporting Actress
|Kim Basinger (''L.A. Confidential'')
|-
|Best Original Score
|''Titanic'' – James Horner
|-
|Best Original Song
|''My Heart Will Go On'' (''Titanic'')
|}
Took place in March 1998 at the Shrine Auditorium in Los Angeles and was hosted by Billy Crystal.

The oldest actor to be nominated for an Oscar is Gloria Stewart, who was 87 when she was nominated for her role in ''Titanic''.

''Titanic'' tied ''All About Eve'' for the most Oscar nominations (14), and won 11, tying ''Ben-Hur'' for the most Oscars won by a single film.

''As Good as It Gets'' is the most recent film to win both lead acting awards.

'''1999''' – 71st Awards
{| class="wikitable"
|Best Picture
|''Shakespeare in Love''
|-
|Best Director
|Steven Spielberg (''Saving Private Ryan'')
|-
|Best Actor
|Roberto Benigni (''Life is Beautiful'')
|-
|Best Actress
|Gwyneth Paltrow (''Shakespeare in Love'')
|-
|
|
|-
|Best Supporting Actor
|James Coburn (''Affliction'')
|-
|Best Supporting Actress
|Judi Dench (''Shakespeare in Love'')
|-
|Best Foreign Language Film
|''Life is Beautiful'' (Roberto Benigni, Italy)
|}
Took place in March 1999 at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion in Los Angeles and was hosted by Whoopi Goldberg.

''Life is Beautiful'' received seven nominations, the most for a foreign language film.

For portraying Queen Elizabeth I, Cate Blanchett (''Elizabeth'') and Judi Dench (''Shakespeare in Love'') became the first pair of actresses to earn acting nominations in the same year for portraying the same character in different films.

Judi Dench was on screen for 8 minutes in ''Shakespeare in Love''.

=== 2000s ===
'''2000''' – 72nd Awards
{| class="wikitable"
|Best Picture
|''American Beauty''
|-
|Best Director
|Sam Mendes (''American Beauty'')
|-
|Best Actor
|Kevin Spacey (''American Beauty'')
|-
|Best Actress
|Hilary Swank (''Boys Don’t Cry'')
|-
|
|
|-
|Best Supporting Actor
|Michael Caine (''The Cider House Rules'')
|-
|Best Supporting Actress
|Angelina Jolie (''Girl, Interrupted'')
|-
|Best Foreign Language Film
|''All About My Mother'' (Pedro Almodovar, Spain)
|-
|Best Original Song
|''You’ll Be in My Heart'' (''Tarzan'')
|}
Took place in March 2000 at the Shrine Auditorium in Los Angeles and was hosted by Billy Crystal.

Angelina Jolie and John Voight became the second father-daughter Oscar acting winners, after Henry Fonda and Jane Fonda.

Haley Joel Osment, aged11, received a nomination in Best Supporting Actor for his role in ''The Sixth Sense''.

Phil Collins won the Oscar for ''You’ll Be in My Heart''.

'''2001''' – 73rd Awards
{| class="wikitable"
|Best Picture
|''Gladiator''
|-
|Best Director
|Steven Soderbergh (''Traffic'')
|-
|Best Actor
|Russell Crowe (''Gladiator'')
|-
|Best Actress
|Julia Roberts (''Erin Brockovich)''
|-
|
|
|-
|Best Supporting Actor
|Benicio del Toro (''Traffic'')
|-
|Best Supporting Actress
|Marcia Gay Harden (''Pollock'')
|-
|Best Foreign Language Film
|''Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon'' (Ang Lee, Taiwan)
|-
|Best Original Song
|''Things Have Changed'' (''Wonder Boys'')
|}
Took place in March 2001 at the Shrine Auditorium in Los Angeles and was hosted by Steve Martin.

''Gladiator'' became the first film to win Best Picture without a directing or screenwriting win since ''All the King's Men''.

Bob Dylan won an Oscar for ''Things Have Changed'' and in 2016 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature thus joining G B Shaw in receiving these awards.

'''2002''' – 74th Awards
{| class="wikitable"
|Best Picture
|''A Beautiful Mind''
|-
|Best Director
|Ron Howard (''A Beautiful Mind'')
|-
|Best Actor
|Denzel Washington (''Training Day'')
|-
|Best Actress
|Halle Berry (''Monster’s Ball'')
|-
|
|
|-
|Best Supporting Actor
|Jim Broadbent (''Iris'')
|-
|Best Supporting Actress
|Jennifer Connelly (''A Beautiful Mind'')
|-
|Best Animated Feature Film
|''Shrek''
|-
|Best Original Song
|''If I Didn’t Have You'' (''Monsters. Inc'')
|-
|Best Original Score
|''The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring'' – Howard Shore
|}
Took place in March 2002 at the Kodak Theatre, Hollywood and was hosted by Whoopi Goldberg.

Denzel Washington is the second African-American to win the Academy Award for Best Actor, following Sidney Poitier.

Halle Berry became the first black woman to win the Academy Award for Best Actress.

Nominated for their performances as the title character in ''Iris'', Judi Dench and Kate Winslet became the second pair of actresses nominated for portraying the same character in the same film, following Kate Winslet and Gloria Stuart in ''Titanic''.

Academy Award for Best Animated Feature Film was first awarded.

'''2003''' – 75th Awards
{| class="wikitable"
|Best Picture
|''Chicago''
|-
|Best Director
|Roman Polanski (''The Pianist'')
|-
|Best Actor
|Adrien Brody (''The Pianist'')
|-
|Best Actress
|Nicole Kidman (''The Hours'')
|-
|
|
|-
|Best Supporting Actor
|Chris Cooper (Adaptation)
|-
|Best Supporting Actress
|Catherine Zeta-Jones (''Chicago'')
|-
|Best Animated Feature Film
|''Spirited Away'' – Studio Ghibli
|-
|Best Documentary Film
|''Bowling for Columbine'' – Michael Moore
|-
|Best Original Song
|''Lose Yourself'' (''8 Mile)''
|}
Took place in March 2003 at the Kodak Theatre, Hollywood and was hosted by Steve Martin.

''Chicago'' became the first musical film to win Best Picture since ''Oliver!''

Adrien Brody became the youngest actor to win an Oscar for Best Actor, aged 29.

''Spirited Away'' is the only hand drawn animated film and non-English-language animated film to win Best Animated Feature Film.

''Lose Yourself'' became the first hip hop song to win the Best Original Song award.

'''2004''' – 76th Awards
{| class="wikitable"
|Best Picture
|''The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King''
|-
|Best Director
|Peter Jackson (''The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King'')
|-
|Best Actor
|Sean Penn (''Mystic River'')
|-
|Best Actress
|Charlize Theron (''Monster'')
|-
|
|
|-
|Best Supporting Actor
|Tim Robbins (''Mystic River'')
|-
|Best Supporting Actress
|Renee Zellweger (''Cold Mountain'')
|-
|Best Animated Feature Film
|''Finding Nemo''
|-
|Best Original Song
|''Into the West'' (''The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King'')
|}
Took place in February 2004 at the Kodak Theatre, Hollywood and was hosted by Billy Crystal.

With eleven awards (from 11 nominations) ''The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King'' tied with ''Ben-Hur'' and ''Titanic'' as the most awarded films in Oscar history.

Best Actress nominee Keisha Castle-Hughes (''The Whale'') was aged 13.

''Into the West'' was sung by Annie Lennox and composed by Howard Shore.

'''2005''' – 77th Awards
{| class="wikitable"
|Best Picture
|''Million Dollar Baby''
|-
|Best Director
|Clint Eastwood (''Million Dollar Baby'')
|-
|Best Actor
|Jamie Foxx (''Ray'')
|-
|Best Actress
|Hilary Swank (''Million Dollar Baby'')
|-
|
|
|-
|Best Supporting Actor
|Morgan Freeman (''Million Dollar Baby'')
|-
|Best Supporting Actress
|Cate Blanchett (''The Aviator'')
|-
|Best Animated Feature Film
|''The Incredibles''
|}
Took place in February 2005 at the Kodak Theatre, Hollywood and was hosted by Chris Rock.

Clint Eastwood, aged 74, became the oldest winner of the Best Director award.

Cate Blanchett portrayed a previous Oscar winner Katherine Hepburn in ''The Aviator''.

'''2006''' – 78th Awards
{| class="wikitable"
|Best Picture
|''Crash''
|-
|Best Director
|Ang Lee (''Brokeback Mountain'')
|-
|Best Actor
|Philip Seymour Hoffman (''Capote'')
|-
|Best Actress
|Reese Witherspoon (''Walk the Line'')
|-
|
|
|-
|Best Supporting Actor
|George Clooney (''Syriana'')
|-
|Best Supporting Actress
|Rachel Weisz (''The Constant Gardener'')
|-
|Best Animated Feature Film
|''Wallace & Gromit: The Curse of the Were-Rabbit''
|-
|Best Documentary Feature
|''March of the Penguins''
|-
|Best Foreign Language Film
|''Tsotsi'' (Gavin Hood, South Africa)
|}
Took place in March 2006 at the Kodak Theatre, Hollywood and was hosted by Jon Stewart.

Ang Lee became the first non-Caucasian winner of the Best Director award.

Paul Haggis became the first person in the history of the Academy Awards to write two back-to-back Best Picture winners, for ''Crash'' and the previous year's winner, ''Million Dollar Baby''.

'''2007''' – 79th Awards
{| class="wikitable"
|Best Picture
|''The Departed''
|-
|Best Director
|Martin Scorsese (''The Departed'')
|-
|Best Actor
|Forest Whitaker (''The Last King of Scotland'')
|-
|Best Actress
|Helen Mirren (''The Queen'')
|-
|
|
|-
|Best Supporting Actor
|Alan Arkin (''Little Miss Sunshine'')
|-
|Best Supporting Actress
|Jennifer Hudson (''Dreamgirls'')
|-
|Best Animated Feature Film
|''Happy Feet''
|-
|Best Foreign Language Film
|''The Lives of Others'' (Florian Henckel von Donnersmarck, Germany)
|-
|Best Documentary Feature
|''An Inconvenient Truth''
|}
Took place in February 2007 at the Kodak Theatre, Hollywood and was hosted by Ellen DeGeneres.

Martin Scorsese won his only Oscar for ''The Departed''.

Peter O’Toole was nominated for Best Actor for the eighth time.

'''2008''' – 80th Awards
{| class="wikitable"
|Best Picture
|''No Country for Old Men''
|-
|Best Director
|Joel Coen and Ethan Coen (''No Country for Old Men'')
|-
|Best Actor
|Daniel Day-Lewis (''There Will Be Blood'')
|-
|Best Actress
|Marianne Cotillard (''La Vie en Rose'')
|-
|
|
|-
|Best Supporting Actor
|Javier Bardem (''No Country for Old Men'')
|-
|Best Supporting Actress
|Tilda Swinton (''Michael Clayton'')
|-
|Best Animated Feature Film
|''Ratatouille''
|-
|Best Foreign Language Film
|''The Counterfeiters'' (Stefan Ruzowitzky, Austria)
|}
Took place in February 2008 at the Kodak Theatre, Hollywood and was hosted by Jon Stewart.

Marianne Cotillard became the first actress to win an Oscar for a performance in French.

'''2009''' – 81st Awards
{| class="wikitable"
|Best Picture
|''Slumdog Millionaire''
|-
|Best Director
|Danny Boyle (''Slumdog Millionaire'')
|-
|Best Actor
|Sean Penn (''Milk'')
|-
|Best Actress
|Kate Winslet (''The Reader'')
|-
|
|
|-
|Best Supporting Actor
|Heath Ledger (''The Dark Knight'')
|-
|Best Supporting Actress
|Penelope Cruz (''Vicky Cristina Barcelona'')
|-
|Best Animated Feature Film
|''WALL-E''
|-
|Best Documentary Feature
|''Man on Wire''
|-
|Best Original Song
|''Jai Ho'' (''Slumdog Millionaire'')
|-
|Best Original Score
|''Slumdog Millionaire'' – A.R. Rahman
|}
Took place in February 2009 at the Kodak Theatre, Hollywood and was hosted by Hugh Jackman.

''Slumdog Millionaire'' was the first film with an entirely non-white cast to win Best Picture.

''Jai Ho'' was composed by A.R. Rahman.

Heath Ledger became the second actor to receive a posthumous Oscar, following Peter Finch for his performance in ''Network''.

''The Curious Case of Benjamin Button'' had thirteen nominations.

=== 2010s ===
'''2010''' – 82nd Awards
{| class="wikitable"
|Best Picture
|''The Hurt Locker''
|-
|Best Director
|Kathryn Bigelow (''The Hurt Locker'')
|-
|Best Actor
|Jeff Bridges (''Crazy Heart'')
|-
|Best Actress
|Sandra Bullock (''The Blind Side'')
|-
|
|
|-
|Best Supporting Actor
|Christoph Waltz (''Inglorious Basterds'')
|-
|Best Supporting Actress
|Mo’Nique (''Precious: Based on the Novel 'Push' by Sapphire'')
|-
|Best Animated Feature Film
|''Up''
|}
Took place in March 2010 at the Kodak Theatre, Hollywood and was hosted by Alec Baldwin and Steve Martin.

Kathryn Bigelow became the first female to win the Oscar for Best Director.

For the first time since the 1944 ceremony, 10 films were nominated for Best Picture.

'''2011''' – 83rd Awards
{| class="wikitable"
|Best Picture
|''The King’s Speech''
|-
|Best Director
|Tom Hooper (''The King’s Speech'')
|-
|Best Actor
|Colin Firth (''The King’s Speech'')
|-
|Best Actress
|Natalie Portman (''Black Swan'')
|-
|
|
|-
|Best Supporting Actor
|Christian Bale (''The Fighter'')
|-
|Best Supporting Actress
|Melissa Leo (''The Fighter'')
|-
|Best Animated Feature Film
|''Toy Story 3''
|-
|Best Original Song
|''We Belong Together (Toy Story 3'')
|}
Took place in February 2011 at the Kodak Theatre, Hollywood and was hosted by James Franco and Anne Hathaway.

''Toy Story 3'' became the third animated film to be nominated for Best Picture, following ''Beauty and the Beast'' and ''Up''.

''We Belong Together'' was composed by Randy Newman.

'''2012''' – 84th Awards
{| class="wikitable"
|Best Picture
|''The Artist''
|-
|Best Director
|Michel Hazanavicus (''The Artist'')
|-
|Best Actor
|Jean Dujardin (''The Artist'')
|-
|Best Actress
|Meryl Streep (''The Iron Lady'')
|-
|
|
|-
|Best Supporting Actor
|Christopher Plummer (''Beginners'')
|-
|Best Supporting Actress
|Octavia Spencer (''The Help'')
|-
|Best Animated Feature Film
|''Rango''
|-
|Best Foreign Language Film
|''A Separation'' (Asghar Farhadi, Iran)
|}
Took place in February 2012 at the Hollywood and Highland Center Theatre, Hollywood and was hosted by Billy Crystal.

''The Artist'' was only the second silent film to collect an Oscar for Best Picture, after ''Wings''.

Jean Dujardin became the first French actor to win an Oscar.

Christopher Plummer, aged 82, became the oldest person to win an Oscar.

'''2013''' – 85th Awards
{| class="wikitable"
|Best Picture
|''Argo''
|-
|Best Director
|Ang Lee (''Life of Pi'')
|-
|Best Actor
|Daniel Day-Lewis (''Lincoln'')
|-
|Best Actress
|Jennifer Lawrence (''Silver Linings Playbook'')
|-
|
|
|-
|Best Supporting Actor
|Christoph Waltz (''Django Unchained'')
|-
|Best Supporting Actress
|Anne Hathaway (''Les Miserables'')
|-
|Best Animated Feature Film
|''Brave''
|-
|Best Foreign Language Film
|''Amour'' (Michael Haneke, Austria)
|-
|Best Original Song
|''Skyfall'' (''Skyfall'')
|}
Took place in February 2013 at the Dolby Theatre, Hollywood and was hosted by Seth MacFarlane.

''Argo'' won Best Picture without a nomination for Best Director.

Daniel Day-Lewis became the first actor to win three Best Actor awards.

Quvenzhane Wallis, aged 9, became the youngest nominee for Best Actress, for ''Beasts of the Southern Wild''.

''Fresh Guacamole'' was nominated for Animated Short Film. At one minute 41 seconds it is the shortest film to ever be nominated for an Oscar.

Best Sound Editing was a tie between ''Zero Dark Thirty'' and ''Skyfall''. Sixth occurrence of a tie in Oscar history.

The name of the Best Makeup category was changed to Best Makeup and Hairstyling.

'''2014''' – 86th Awards
{| class="wikitable"
|Best Picture
|''12 Years a Slave''
|-
|Best Director
|Alfonso Cuaron (''Gravity'')
|-
|Best Actor
|Matthew McConaughey (''Dallas Buyers Club'')
|-
|Best Actress
|Cate Blanchett (''Blue Jasmine'')
|-
|
|
|-
|Best Supporting Actor
|Jared Leto (''Dallas Buyers Club'')
|-
|Best Supporting Actress
|Lupita Nyong’o (''12 Years a Slave'')
|-
|Best Animated Feature Film
|''Frozen''
|-
|Best Original Song
|''Let It Go'' (''Frozen'')
|}
Took place in March 2014 at the Dolby Theatre, Hollywood and was hosted by Ellen DeGeneres.

The Best Picture win made Steve McQueen the first black British producer to ever receive the award.

John Travolta mispronounced Idina Menzel (the singer of ''Let It Go'') at the awards ceremony, calling her "Adele Dazeem".

'''2015''' – 87th Awards
{| class="wikitable"
|Best Picture
|''Birdman''
|-
|Best Director
|Alejandro G. Inarritu (''Birdman'')
|-
|Best Actor
|Eddie Redmayne (''The Theory of Everything'')
|-
|Best Actress
|Julianne Moore (''Still Alice'')
|-
|
|
|-
|Best Supporting Actor
|J. K. Simmons (''Whiplash'')
|-
|Best Supporting Actress
|Patricia Arquette (''Boyhood'')
|-
|Best Animated Feature Film
|''Big Hero 6''
|-
|Best Original Song
|''Glory'' (''Selma'')
|}
Took place in February 2015 at the Dolby Theatre, Hollywood and was hosted by Neil Patrick Harris.

Alejandro G. Inarritu became the second consecutive Mexican to win the Best Director award.

Aged 84, Robert Duvall became the oldest male acting nominee at the time, for ''The Judge''.

'''2016''' – 88th Awards
{| class="wikitable"
|Best Picture
|''Spotlight''
|-
|Best Director
|Alejandro G. Inarritu (''The Revenant'')
|-
|Best Actor
|Leonardo DiCaprio (''The Revenant'')
|-
|Best Actress
|Brie Larson (''Room'')
|-
|
|
|-
|Best Supporting Actor
|Mark Rylance (''Bridge of Spies'')
|-
|Best Supporting Actress
|Alicia Vikander (''The Danish Girl'')
|-
|Best Animated Feature Film
|''Inside Out''
|-
|Best Foreign Language Film
|''Son of Saul'' (Laszlo Nemes, Hungary)
|-
|Best Original Song
|''Writing’s on the Wall'' (''Spectre'')
|-
|Best Original Score
|''The Hateful Eight'' – Ennio Morricone
|}
Took place in February 2016 at the Dolby Theatre, Hollywood and was hosted by Chris Rock.

Aged 87, Ennio Morricone won his only Oscar.

'''2017''' – 89th Awards
{| class="wikitable"
|Best Picture
|''Moonlight''
|-
|Best Director
|Damien Chazelle (''La La Land'')
|-
|Best Actor
|Casey Affleck (''Manchester by the Sea'')
|-
|Best Actress
|Emma Stone (''La La Land'')
|-
|
|
|-
|Best Supporting Actor
|Mahershala Ali (''Moonlight'')
|-
|Best Supporting Actress
|Viola Davis (''Fences'')
|-
|Best Animated Feature Film
|''Zootopia''
|-
|Best Foreign Language Film
|''The Salesman'' (Asghar Farhadi, Iran)
|-
|Best Original Song
|''City of Stars'' (''La La Land'')
|-
|Best Documentary Feature
|''O.J.: Made in America''
|}
Took place in February 2017 at the Dolby Theatre, Hollywood and was hosted by Jimmy Kimmel.

''Moonlight'' was the first film with an all-black cast to win the Best Picture Oscar.

Damien Chazelle became the youngest winner of the Best Director award.

''La La Land'' received 14 nominations.

Mahershala Ali became the first Muslim actor to win an Oscar.

''O.J.: Made in America'' became the longest film to win an Academy Award. It is a five-part documentary lasting 467 minutes.

Faye Dunaway announced ''La La Land'' as the winner of Best Picture after being given the wrong envelope by Brian Cullinan of PricewaterhouseCoopers.

'''2018''' – 90th Awards
{| class="wikitable"
|Best Picture
|''The Shape of Water''
|-
|Best Director
|Guillermo del Toro (''The Shape of Water'')
|-
|Best Actor
|Gary Oldman (''Darkest Hour'')
|-
|Best Actress
|Frances McDormand (''Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri'')
|-
|
|
|-
|Best Supporting Actor
|Sam Rockwell (''Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri'')
|-
|Best Supporting Actress
|Allison Janney (''I, Tonya'')
|-
|Best Animated Feature Film
|''Coco''
|-
|Best Foreign Language Film
|''A Fantastic Woman'' (Sebastian Lelio, Chile)
|-
|Best Adapted Screenplay
|''Call Me by Your Name'' – James Ivory
|-
|Best Original Song
|''Remember Me'' (''Coco'')
|-
|Best Animated Short Film
|''Dear Basketball''
|}
Took place in March 2018 at the Dolby Theatre, Hollywood and was hosted by Jimmy Kimmel.

Aged 88, Christopher Plummer became the oldest ever performer nominated for a competitive Oscar, for ''All the Money in the World''.

James Ivory became the oldest ever Oscar winner, aged 89.

Meryl Streep received her 21st acting nomination.

Kobe Bryant became the first professional athlete to win an Academy Award, for ''Dear Basketball''.

'''2019''' – 91st Awards
{| class="wikitable"
|Best Picture
|''Green Book''
|-
|Best Director
|Alfonso Cuaron (''Roma'')
|-
|Best Actor
|Rami Malek (''Bohemian Rhapsody'')
|-
|Best Actress
|Olivia Colman (''The Favourite'')
|-
|
|
|-
|Best Supporting Actor
|Mahershala Ali (''Green Book'')
|-
|Best Supporting Actress
|Regina King (''If Beale Street Could Talk'')
|-
|Best Animated Feature Film
|''Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse''
|-
|Best Foreign Language Film
|''Roma'' (Alfonso Cuaron, Mexico)
|-
|Best Original Song
|''Shallow'' (''A Star is Born'')
|}
Took place in February 2019 at the Dolby Theatre, Hollywood with no host.

Rachel Weisz and Emma Stone were both nominated for Best Supporting Actress, for ''The Favourite''.

Lady Gaga and Mark Ronson won Oscars for ''Shallow''.

''Black Panther'' was the first superhero film to be nominated for Best Picture.

=== 2020s ===
'''2020''' – 92nd Awards
{| class="wikitable"
|Best Picture
|''Parasite''
|-
|Best Director
|Bong Joon-ho (''Parasite'')
|-
|Best Actor
|Joaquin Phoenix (''Joker'')
|-
|Best Actress
|Renee Zellweger (''Judy'')
|-
|
|
|-
|Best Supporting Actor
|Brad Pitt (''Once Upon a Time in Hollywood'')
|-
|Best Supporting Actress
|Laura Dern (''Marriage Story'')
|-
|Best Animated Feature Film
|''Toy Story 4''
|-
|Best International Feature Film
|''Parasite'' (South Korea, Bong Joon-ho)
|-
|Best Original Song
|''(I’m Gonna) Love Me Again'' (''Rocketman'')
|}
Took place in February 2020 at the Dolby Theatre, Hollywood with no host.

''Parasite'' became the first non-English language film to win Best Picture.

Bong Joon-ho won Oscars for Best Picture, Director, and Original Screenplay, and also accepted the award for Best International Feature Film on behalf of South Korea.

'''2021''' – 93rd Awards
{| class="wikitable"
|Best Picture
|''Nomadland''
|-
|Best Director
|Chloe Zhao (''Nomadland'')
|-
|Best Actor
|Anthony Hopkins (''The Father'')
|-
|Best Actress
|Frances McDormand (''Nomadland'')
|-
|
|
|-
|Best Supporting Actor
|Daniel Kaluuya (''Judas and the Black Messiah'')
|-
|Best Supporting Actress
|Youn Yuh-yung (''Minari'')
|-
|Best Animated Feature Film
|''Soul''
|-
|Best International Feature Film
|''Another Round'' (Thomas Vinterberg, Denmark)
|-
|Best Original Song
|''Fight for You'' (''Judas and the Black Messiah'')
|}
Took place in April 2021 at the Union Station, Los Angeles with no host. The ceremony was held in April due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Chloe Zhao became the first woman of colour to win Best Director.

At age 83, Anthony Hopkins was the oldest performer to ever win a competitive acting Oscar.

As a producer of ''Nomadland'', Frances McDormand was the first person in history to win Oscars for both acting and producing for the same film.

Glenn Close received her eighth unsuccessful acting nomination.

'''2022''' – 94th Awards
{| class="wikitable"
|Best Picture
|''CODA''
|-
|Best Director
|Jane Campion (''The Power of the Dog'')
|-
|Best Actor
|Will Smith (''King Richard'')
|-
|Best Actress
|Jessica Chastain (''The Eyes of Tammy Faye'')
|-
|
|
|-
|Best Supporting Actor
|Troy Kotsur (''CODA'')
|-
|Best Supporting Actress
|Ariana DeBose (''West Side Story'')
|-
|Best Animated Feature Film
|''Encanto''
|-
|Best International Feature Film
|''Drive My Car'' (Ryusuke Hamaguchi, Japan)
|-
|Best Original Screenplay
|Kenneth Branagh (''Belfast'')
|-
|Best Original Song
|''No Time to Die'' (''No Time to Die'')
|-
|Best Original Score
|''Dune'' – Hans Zimmer
|}
Took place in March 2022 at the Dolby Theatre, Hollywood and was hosted by Regina Hall, Amy Schumer and Wanda Sykes.

''CODA'' became the first Best Picture winner to be distributed via a streaming platform (Apple TV+) and the first one starring a primarily deaf cast.

''The Power of the Dog'' became the first film to win Best Director as its sole award since ''The Graduate''.

Kenneth Branagh became the first person to have been nominated in seven different categories.

''No Time to Die'' was written by Billie Eilish and Finneas O’Connell. Third consecutive James Bond theme to win the Academy Award.

''Drive My Car'' was the first Japanese film to receive a Best Picture nomination.

During the Oscars ceremony, Will Smith walked onto the stage and smacked host Chris Rock across the cheek after Rock made a joke at the expense of Jada Pinkett Smith.

'''2023''' – 95th Awards
{| class="wikitable"
|Best Picture
|''Everything Everywhere All at Once''
|-
|Best Director
|Daniel Kwan and Daniel Scheinert (''Everything Everywhere All at Once'')
|-
|Best Actor
|Brendan Fraser (''The Whale'')
|-
|Best Actress
|Michelle Yeoh (''Everything Everywhere All at Once'')
|-
|
|
|-
|Best Supporting Actor
|Ke Huy Quan (''Everything Everywhere All at Once'')
|-
|Best Supporting Actress
|Jamie Lee Curtis (''Everything Everywhere All at Once'')
|-
|Best Animated Feature Film
|''Guillermo del Toro's Pinocchio''
|-
|Best International Feature Film
|''All Quiet on the Western Front'' (Edward Berger, Germany)
|-
|Best Documentary Feature Film
|''Navalny''
|-
|Best Animated Short Film
|''The Boy, the Mole, the Fox and the Horse''
|}
Took place in March 2023 at the Dolby Theatre, Hollywood and was hosted by Jimmy Kimmel.

''Everything Everywhere All at Once'' won 7 awards from 11 nominations.

''All Quiet on the Western Front'' won 4 awards.

Michelle Yeoh became the first woman who identifies as Asian nominated in the Best Actress category.

''Everything Everywhere All at Once'' became the third film, after ''A Streetcar Named Desire'' and ''Network'', to win three acting Oscars.

Alfonso Cuaron became the second person to be nominated in seven different Oscar categories, following Kenneth Branagh.

Independent studio A24 won a total of nine awards.

'''2024''' – 96th Awards
{| class="wikitable"
|Best Picture
|''Oppenheimer''
|-
|Best Director
|Christopher Nolan (''Oppenheimer'')
|-
|Best Actor
|Cillian Murphy (''Oppenheimer'')
|-
|Best Actress
|Emma Stone (''Poor Things'')
|-
|
|
|-
|Best Supporting Actor
|Robert Downey Jr. (''Oppenheimer'')
|-
|Best Supporting Actress
|Da'Vine Joy Randolph (''The Holdovers'')
|-
|Best Animated Feature Film
|''The Boy and the Heron''
|-
|Best International Feature Film
|''The Zone of Interest'' (Jonathan Glazer, UK)
|-
|Best Documentary Feature Film
|''20 Days in Mariupol''
|-
|Best Original Screenplay
|''Anatomy of a Fall'' – Justine Triet
|-
|Best Original Song
|''What Was I Made For?'' (''Barbie'')
|}
Took place in March 2024 at the Dolby Theatre, Hollywood and was hosted by Jimmy Kimmel.

''Oppenheimer'' won seven awards from 13 nominations.

''Poor Things'' won four awards.

Lily Gladstone became the first Native American actress to be nominated, for her role in ''Killers of the Flower Moon''.

'''2025''' – 97th Awards
{| class="wikitable"
|Best Picture
|''Anora''
|-
|Best Director
|Sean Baker (''Anora'')
|-
|Best Actor
|Adrian Brody (''The Brutalist'')
|-
|Best Actress
|Mikey Madison (''Anora'')
|-
|
|
|-
|Best Supporting Actor
|Kieran Culkin (''A Real Pain'')
|-
|Best Supporting Actress
|Zoe Saldana (''Emilia Perez'')
|-
|Best Animated Feature Film
|''Flow''
|-
|Best International Feature Film
|''I’m Still Here''
|-
|Best Documentary Feature Film
|''No Other Land''
|}
Took place in March 2025 at the Dolby Theatre, Hollywood and was hosted by Conan O’Brien.

Emilia Perez received 13 nominations, the most for a non-English-language film in Oscars history.

Karla Sofía Gascon became the first openly transgender performer to be nominated for an acting category, for her role in Emilia Perez.

Sean Baker became the first person to receive four Oscars for the same film.

'''2026''' – 98th Awards
{| class="wikitable"
|Best Picture
|''One Battle After Another''
|-
|Best Director
|Paul Thomas Anderson (''One Battle After Another'')
|-
|Best Actor
|Michael B. Jordan (''Sinners'')
|-
|Best Actress
|Jessie Buckley (''Hamnet'')
|-
|
|
|-
|Best Supporting Actor
|Sean Penn (''One Battle After Another'')
|-
|Best Supporting Actress
|Amy Madigan (''Weapons'')
|-
|Best Animated Feature Film
|''KPop Demon Hunters''
|-
|Best International Feature Film
|''Sentimental Value''
|-
|Best Documentary Feature Film
|''Mr Nobody Against Putin''
|-
|Best Original Song
|''Golden'' (''KPop Demon Hunters'')
|-
|Best Casting
|Cassandra Kulukundis (''One Battle After Another'')
|}
Took place in March 2026 at the Dolby Theatre, Hollywood and was hosted by Conan O’Brien.

''Sinners'' received sixteen nominations, the most in the history of the Academy Awards.

''One Battle After Another'' received thirteen nominations and won six Oscars.

Warner Bros. studio won eleven Oscars.

Jessie Buckley became the first Irish actress to win the award for Best Actress.

The Academy Award for Best Casting is the first new Oscar category introduced since Best Animated Feature in 2001.

Autumn Arkapaw won the Oscar for Best Cinematography, becoming the first ever female winner. This had been the last remaining category never won by a woman.

Films nominated for Best Picture in 2026
{| class="wikitable"
|Film
|Director
|Awards
|Plot
|-
|''Bugonia''
|Yorgos Lanthimos
|
|Two conspiracy-obsessed young men kidnap the high-powered CEO of a major company, convinced that she is an alien intent on destroying planet Earth.
|-
|''F1''
|Joseph Kosinski
|Best Sound
|A Formula One driver comes out of retirement to mentor and team up with a younger driver.
|-
|''Frankenstein''
|Guillermo del Toro
|Best Production Design

Best Costume Design

Best Makeup and Hairstyling
|Dr. Victor Frankenstein brings a creature to life in a monstrous experiment that ultimately leads to the undoing of both the creator and his tragic creation.
|-
|''Hamnet''
|Chloe Zhao
|Best Actress
|William Shakespeare and his spouse, Agnes Hathaway, mourn the passing of their son Hamnet, who died at the age of eleven. Based on the novel ''Hamnet'' by Maggie O’Farrell.
|-
|''Marty Supreme''
|Josh Safdie
|
|Marty Mauser, a table tennis player with a dream of becoming world champion, goes to hell and back in pursuit of greatness.
|-
|''One Battle After Another''
|Paul Thomas Anderson
|Best Picture

Best Director

Best Supporting Actor

Best Adapted Screenplay

Best Casting

Best Film Editing
|When their enemy resurfaces after 16 years, a group of ex-revolutionaries reunite to rescue the daughter of one of their own. Based on the novel ''Vineland'' by Thomas Pynchon.
|-
|''The Secret Agent''
|Kleber Mendonca Filho
|
|Amid the political turmoil of 1977 Brazil, a technology expert is forced into hiding and seeks help from the underground resistance as he tries to flee the country with his young son.
|-
|''Sentimental Value''
|Joachim Trier
|Best International Feature Film
|Sisters Nora and Agnes reunite with their estranged father, the charismatic Gustav, a once-renowned director who offers stage actress Nora a role in what he hopes will be his comeback film.
|-
|''Sinners''
|Ryan Coogler
|Best Actor

Best Original Screenplay

Best Cinematography

Best Original Score
|Trying to leave their troubled lives behind, twin brothers return to their hometown to start again, only to be confronted by supernatural evil.
|-
|''Train Dreams''
|Clint Bentley
|
|Robert Grainier, a logger and railroad worker, leads a life of unexpected depth and beauty in America of the early 20th Century. Based on the novella ''Train Dreams'' by Denis Johnson.
|}

== Records ==
{| class="wikitable"
|Most awards won by a film
|11 – ''Ben-Hur'', ''Titanic'', and ''The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King''
|-
|Most nominations received by a film
|16 – ''Sinners''
|-
|Most awards won by a person
|22 – Walt Disney
|-
|Most awards for Best Actress
|4 – Katharine Hepburn, all for Best Actress: ''Morning Glory'', ''Guess Who’s Coming to Dinner'', ''The Lion in Winter'', and ''On Golden Pond''
|-
|Most awards for Best Actor
|3 – Daniel Day-Lewis: ''My Left Foot'', ''There Will Be Blood'', and ''Lincoln''
|-
|Most awards for Best Supporting Actor
|3 – Walter Brennan: ''Come and Get It'', ''Kentucky'', and ''The Westerner''
|-
|Most awards for Best Supporting Actress
|2 – Shelley Winters and Dianne Wiest
|-
|Actor with most total nominations for acting
|12 – Jack Nicholson
|-
|Actress with most total nominations for acting
|21 – Meryl Streep
|-
|Most nominations for an actor without a win
|8 – Peter O'Toole
|-
|Most nominations for an actress without a win
|8 – Glenn Close
|-
|Most awards for directing
|4 – John Ford: ''The Informer'', ''The Grapes of Wrath'', ''How Green Was My Valley'', and ''The Quiet Man''
|-
|Most nominations for directing
|12 – William Wyler
|-
|Most awards for film music composition and songwriting
|9 – Alfred Newman
|-
|Most awards for art direction
|11 – Cedric Gibbons
|-
|Most awards for costume design
|8 – Edith Head
|-
|Most awards for visual effects
|8 – Dennis Muren
|-
|Most awards for makeup
|7 – Rick Baker
|-
|Most awards won by a country for Best Foreign Language Film
|14 – Italy
|-
|Winners of the Big Five Academy Awards: Best Picture, Director, Actor, Actress, and Screenplay
|3 – ''It Happened One Night'', ''One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest'', and ''The Silence of the Lambs''
|-
|Youngest winner of an acting award
|Tatum O’Neal, age 10
|-
|Youngest nominee for an acting award
|Justin Henry, age 8
|-
|Youngest Best Actress winner
|Marlee Martin, age 21
|-
|Youngest Best Actor winner
|Adrien Brody, age 29
|-
|Youngest Best Director winner
|Damien Chazelle, age 32
|-
|Oldest Best Actor winner
|Anthony Hopkins, age 83
|-
|Oldest Best Actress winner
|Jessica Tandy, age 80
|-
|Oldest nominee for an acting award
|Christopher Plummer, age 88
|-
|Oldest Best Director winner
|Clint Eastwood, age 74
|-
|Most consecutive awards
|8 – Walt Disney
|-
|Most consecutive awards for Best Director
|2 – John Ford, Joseph L. Mankiewicz, and Alejandro G. Inarritu
|-
|Most consecutive awards for Best Actor
|2 – Spencer Tracy and Tom Hanks
|-
|Most consecutive awards for Best Actress
|2 – Luise Rainer and Katharine Hepburn
|-
|Most Oscars without winning Best Picture
|8 – ''Cabaret''
|-
|Most nominations without winning Best Picture
|14 – ''La La Land''
|-
|Most nominations with no wins
|11 – ''Turning Point'' and ''The Colour Purple''
|-
|Most honorary awards
|5 – Bob Hope
|}

== Trivia ==
Ingrid Bergman won Oscars for ''Anastasia'', ''Gaslight'', and ''Murder on the Orient Express.''

Jack Nicholson won Oscars for ''One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest'', ''As Good as It Gets'', and ''Terms of Endearment.''

Meryl Streep won Oscars for ''Kramer vs. Kramer'', ''Sophie’s Choice'', and ''The Iron Lady.''

Most nominations – Walt Disney (59), John Williams (53), Alfred Newman (45).

''Lord Of The Rings: The Return Of The King took home all 11 awards for which it was nominated.''

Most nominations for Best Director – William Wyler (12), Martin Scorsese (9), Billy Wilder (8).

Kenneth Branagh has been nominated for eight Academy Awards (one win), in seven different categories.

Edith Head won eight Academy Awards, more than any other woman.

Richard Burton had 7 Oscar nominations but no wins.

Amy Adams has 6 Oscar nominations but no wins to date.

Deborah Kerr had 6 Oscar nominations but no wins.

Sandy Powell is a costume designer nominated for the Academy Award for Best Costume Design fifteen times, winning three awards for ''Shakespeare in Love'', ''The Aviator'', and ''The Young Victoria.''

John Williams has won five Academy Awards. He is the only person in the history of the Academy Awards to have received nominations in seven consecutive decades.

Alfred Newman has won nine Academy Awards.

Actors who have won Best Actor and Best Supporting Actor – Jack Lemmon, Gene Hackman, Jack Nicholson, Robert De Nero, Kevin Spacey and Denzel Washington.

Actresses who have won Best Actress and Best Supporting Actress – Ingrid Bergman, Helen Hayes, Jessica Lange, Maggie Smith, and Meryl Streep.

Sound re-recording mixer Kevin O'Connell held the record for most Academy Award nominations without a win at 20, until he finally won his first Academy Award for ''Hacksaw Ridge'', having originally set the record in 2006 with his 18th nomination and loss.

The Huston family produced three generations of Oscar winners: Walter Huston was named Best Supporting Actor for his role in ''The Treasure of the Sierra Madre''; John Huston was awarded Best Director/Adapted Screenplay for the same movie, and Anjelica Huston received an Oscar for Best Supporting Actress in ''Prizzi's Honour.''

Only two married couples have won Oscars for acting roles: Laurence Olivier (''Hamlet'') and Vivian Leigh (''A Streetcar Named Desire''); and Joanne Woodward (The ''Three Faces of Eve'') and Paul Newman (''The Color of Money'').

The only sisters to have won Oscars are Joan Fontaine (''Suspicion'') and Olivia de Havilland (''To Each His Own'' and ''The Heiress'').

Lionel and Ethel Barrymore are the only brother and sister to win Academy Awards for acting.

Alfred Hitchcock was nominated five times, but never won an Oscar for Best Director.

Nora Ephron is a triple nominee for the Academy Award for Writing Original Screenplay; for ''Silkwood'', ''When Harry Met Sally…'' and ''Sleepless in Seattle.''

George C. Scott and Marlon Brando are the only two actors to have turned down an Oscar.

Peter O'Toole is the only actor to refuse an honorary Oscar.

James Dean was the first person to be nominated posthumously for an Oscar and the only person to be nominated posthumously for two Oscars.

Maurice Jarre received three Academy Awards and was nominated a total of eight times, all in the category of Best Original Score. He won Oscars for ''Lawrence of Arabia'', ''Doctor Zhivago'', and ''A Passage to India.''

James Horner won two Academy Awards for Best Original Score (''Titanic'') and Best Original Song (''My Heart Will Go On''), and was nominated for Oscars an additional eight times.

Georgio Moroder has won three Academy Awards: Best Original Score for ''Midnight Express''; Best Song for ''Flashdance...What a Feeling'', from the film ''Flashdance''; and Best Song for ''Take My Breath Away'', from ''Top Gun.''

Gary Cooper received five Academy Award nominations for Best Actor, winning twice for ''Sergeant York'' and ''High Noon.''

Greta Garbo was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress for ''Anna Christie'' – ‘Garbo talks’, ''Romance'', ''Camille'', and ''Ninotchka'' (1939) – ‘Garbo laughs’.

''The Godfather: Part II'' and ''Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King'' are the only sequels to win Best Picture.

Charles Laughton, Robert Shaw and Richard Burton were all nominated for acting Oscars for playing Henry VIII.

Cate Blanchett (twice) and Judi Dench were both nominated for acting Oscars for playing Elizabeth I.

Six people have been nominated for playing the same character twice: Cate Blanchett (Elizabeth I); Bing Crosby (Father Chuck O'Malley); Paul Newman ('Fast' Eddie Felson); Peter O'Toole (Henry II); Al Pacino (Michael Corleone); and Sylvester Stallone (Rocky Balboa).

''Laurence Olivier and Roberto Benigni are the only people to have won Best Actor in a film they directed: Olivier for Hamlet and Benigni for Life Is Beautiful.''

Liza Minnelli is the only Oscar winner whose parents (Judy Garland and Vincente Minnelli) also both won Academy Awards.

''Woody'' Allen has been nominated 24 times and won four Academy Awards: three for Best Original Screenplay and one for Best Director (''Annie Hall''). He has 16 screenwriting Academy Award nominations, more than any other writer, and the most awards with three (for ''Annie Hall'', ''Hannah and Her Sisters'', and ''Midnight in Paris'').

Alan Menken is best known for his scores for films produced by Walt Disney Animation Studios. His scores for ''The Little Mermaid'', ''Beauty and the Beast'', ''Aladdin'', and ''Pocahontas'' have each won him two Academy Awards.

Haing S. Ngor (''The Killing Fields'') and Harold Russell (''The Best Years of Our Lives'') are the only two non-professional actors to win an Academy Award in an acting category.

Three actors have won an Oscar for playing a British Prime Minister – George Arliss (Benjamin Disraeli), Meryl Streep (Margaret Thatcher) and Gary Oldman (Winston Churchill).

Films to win Best Picture without a Best Director nomination – ''Grand Hotel'', ''Driving Miss Daisy'', ''Argo'', ''Green Book'', and ''CODA.''

Film producer Saul Zaentz received the Best Picture Oscar for ''One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest'', ''Amadeus'', and ''The English Patient.''

Film composer Victor Young was nominated 21 times without winning.

''Star Wars'' has the most nominations for a film series, with 38, and has won 10 Oscars.

Billie Eilish was the first person born in the 21st century to win an Academy Award.

Quvenzhane Wallis was the first person born in the 21st century to be nominated for an Academy Award.

Ruth Prawer Jhabvala is the only person to win an Oscar (Best Adapted Screenplay for ''A Room with a View'' and ''Howards End'') and a Booker Prize.

Max Steiner was an Austrian composer nominated for 24 Academy Awards, winning three for Best Original Score: ''The Informer'', ''Since You Went Away'' and ''Now, Voyager.''

Alexandre Desplat has been nominated 11 times for Best Original Score, winning twice, for ''Grand Budapest Hotel'' and ''The Shape of Water.''

Norma and Douglas Shearer were the first siblings to win Academy Awards. Douglas won seven Oscars for Sound and Visual Effects.

Winners of Palme d’Or and Best Picture Oscar – ''The Lost Weekend'', ''Marty'', and ''Parasite.''

Marlon Brando and Robert De Niro both won awards for portrayals of Vito Corleone.

Heath Ledger and Joaquin Phoenix both won awards for portrayals of The Joker.

Rita Moreno and Ariana DeBose both won awards for portrayals of Anita from ''West Side Story.''

Marilyn Monroe never received an Oscar nomination.

Films that won Best Picture but no other awards – ''The Broadway Melody'', ''Grand Hotel'', and ''Mutiny on the Bounty.''

Pixar has earned 23 Academy Awards, with 11 films winning the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature. ''Up'' and ''Toy Story 3'' were also nominated for Best Picture.

''The most frequent host is Bob Hope with 19 appearances, followed by Billy Crystal with nine.''

Between 1947 and 1955, the Academy presented Special/Honorary Awards to the best foreign language films released in the United States. For the 1956 Academy Awards, a competitive Academy Award of Merit, known as the Best Foreign Language Film Award, was created. In 2020 the award was renamed as the Academy Award for Best International Feature Film.

The Academy Award for the Best Film in a Foreign Language is the only Oscar awarded to an entire country.

The Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay was created in 1940 as a separate writing award from the Academy Award for Best Story. Beginning with the Oscars for 1957, the two categories were combined to honour only the screenplay.

To qualify for Best Picture, a film needs to be at least 40 minutes long.

Main Page

2026-03-26T12:07:20Z

QRNeditor: Added Winter Olympics

Welcome to Quiz Revision Notes!

==Genres==

*[[Art, Culture and History]]
*[[Civilisation]]
*[[Entertainment]]
*[[Lifestyle]]
*[[Physical World]]
*[[Sport and Leisure]]

==New Pages==

*[[Entertainment/Marvel Cinematic Universe films|Marvel Cinematic Universe films]]
*[[Civilisation/20th Century History|20th Century History]] (updated)
*[[Sport and Leisure/Sport 2026|Sport 2026]]
*[[Sport and Leisure/Winter Olympics|Winter Olympics]] (updated)

Sport and Leisure/Winter Olympics

2026-03-26T12:01:23Z

QRNeditor: Added 2026 Games

Figure skating was included in the original programme of the 1900 Summer Olympics, but the competitions never took place. In 1908, four figure skating events were held in London. Sweden refused to include winter sports in the 1912 Games on the grounds that it would threaten their own Nordic Games. The organizers of the 1916 Games planned a separate Skiing Olympia but the Olympics were cancelled due to WWI. Figure skating and ice hockey were included in the 1920 Games

'''1908 London'''

Men’s figure skating – Ulrich Salchow

Special figures – Nikolai Panin (Kolomenkin), the first Russian Olympic gold medal winner. This was the only Olympics where Special figures was skated

Women’s figure skating – Madge Syers. Bronze – Dorothy Greenhough-Smith

Madge Syers won the British national championship in 1903 and 1904, when she defeated her husband

Pairs. Silver – Phyllis and James Johnson. Bronze – Madge and Edgar Syers

'''1920 Antwerp'''

Ice hockey played by seven-man teams. Two 20-minute periods with no substitutions. Canada won the gold medal round, which consisted of eight teams. The three teams that lost to Canada played off for second place. USA finished second, and Czechoslovakia beat Sweden to win the bronze match

Canada was represented by the Winnipeg Falcons

USA beat Switzerland 29-0 in a gold medal quarter-final match

Men’s figure skating – Gillis Grafstrom (Sweden). Bronze – Martin Stixrud (Norway), aged 44

Pairs. Bronze – Phyllis Johnson and Basil Williams

== 1924 Chamonix ==
In 1922, over the objections of Pierre de Coubertin, a motion was passed to stage ‘International Winter Sports Week 1924’ in Chamonix. The event was a success and was retrospectively named the First Olympic Winter Games. The Scandinavians dropped their objections and supported a proposal to continue the Winter Olympics every four years

16 events, 16 nations represented, 294 competitors (13 women)

At the closing of the games Pierre de Coubertin presented a prize for alpinisme to Charles Granville Bruce, the leader of the expedition that tried to climb Mount Everest in 1922

First event to be decided was the men’s 500m speed skating. First gold medal won by Charles Jewtraw (USA)

Clas Thunberg (Finland) won medals in all five speed skating events, including three gold medals (1500m, 5000m, and Allround (four races combined event, only raced in 1924))

Canada, represented by the Toronto Granites, won all five ice hockey matches, outscoring their opponents 110-3. Won final match against USA 6-1

Based on medal count, this was Great Britain's best ever performance at a Winter Olympic Games (Gold – curling, silver – four-man bob, bronze – women’s figure skating and ice hockey)

Men’s figure skating – Gillis Grafstrom

Women’s figure skating. Bronze – Ethel Muckelt (GB)

11-year-old Sonja Henie finished last (eighth)

Four-man bob – Switzerland

Ski jumping large hill – Jacob Thams (Norway). Bronze – Anders Haugen (USA), though he was not awarded the medal until 1974 due to a scoring error

== 1928 St. Moritz ==
Argentina were the first country from the Southern Hemisphere to compete in the Winter Games

Military patrol and skijoring were demonstration sports

Norway finished on top of the medal table with 15 medals (6 gold medals, 4 silver medals and 5 bronze medals)

Clas Thunberg won two more gold medals in speed skating (500m and 1500m)

Gillis Grafstrom (Sweden) won his third straight gold medal in men’s figure skating

Canada was advanced straight to the final round of the ice hockey, while the other ten nations were divided into three pools. The winners of the three pools joined Canada in the final round. Canada, represented by the Toronto Graduates, won all three matches, outscoring their opponents 38-0

15-year old Sonja Henie won the women’s figure skating

Pairs – Andree Joly and Pierre Brunet (France). Retained the title in 1932

Men’s speed skating 5000m – Ivar Ballangrud (Norway)

In the 10000m speed skating, Irving Jaffee was leading the competition, having outskated Norwegian defending world champion Bernt Evensen in their heat, when rising temperatures thawed the ice. In a controversial ruling, the referee – a Norwegian – canceled the entire competition. Although the International Olympic Committee reversed the decision, and awarded Jaffee the gold medal, the International Skating Union overruled the IOC and restored the referee's ruling

Skeleton. Bronze – David Northesk (GB)

== 1932 Lake Placid ==
Games opened by Governor Franklin D. Roosevelt. Eleanor Roosevelt took a run down the bobsled course

Figure skater Mollie Phillips was the first woman to carry a flag at the Opening Ceremony

USA topped the medal tally with a total of 12 medals (6 gold medals, 4 silver medals, and 2 bronze medals)

Sled dog race was a demonstration sport

European speed skaters were unhappy that local officials imposed a different set of rules than those with which they were familiar. Five-time Olympic champion Clas Thunberg refused to participate

Sonja Henie defended her figure skating title

Cecilia Colledge was the youngest ever British competitor at Olympics, aged 11 at 1932 Olympics. Colledge is credited as being the first female skater to perform a double jump, as well as being the inventor of both of the camel spin and the layback spin. Won silver medal in 1936

Only four nations entered the ice hockey, so each team played each other team twice. Canada won gold, USA silver, Germany bronze. The other team to compete was Poland

Men’s figure skating – Karl Schafer (Austria). Silver – Gillis Grafstrom

Men’s speed skating 5000m and 10000m – Irving Jaffee (USA)

Two-man bob raced for the first time. Won by brothers Hubert and Curtis Stevens (USA)

Eddie Eagan won gold in USA four-man bobsleigh team

Jay O’Brien became oldest person to win gold, in USA four-man bob, aged 48

Ski jumping large hill – Birger Ruud (Norway). Retained the title in 1936 and won silver in 1948. Ruud was an accomplished alpine skier and finished fourth in the Alpine combined in 1936

== 1936 Garmisch-Partenkirchen ==
Games opened by Hitler

Norway topped the medal table

The largest and heaviest medals ever were awarded to athletes

500,000 people attended the final day’s events

Alpine skiing events were included for the first time, with the combined event. Skiers were penalized six seconds for each gate missed during the slalom competition rather than being disqualified

The IOC declared that ski instructors could not take part in the Olympics because they were professionals. Incensed, the Austrian and Swiss skiers boycotted the events

Germany’s leading hockey player, Rudy Ball, was the only Jewish member of the German Winter Olympics team

Canada’s undefeated streak in ice hockey was halted at 20 by Great Britain

10 of the 12 GB ice hockey players lived in Canada

GB medals: gold – ice hockey, silver – women’s figure skating, bronze – four-man bob

Men’s figure skating – Karl Schafer

Women’s figure skating – Sonia Henie. Silver – Cecilia Colledge (GB)

Ivar Ballangrud won three gold medals in speed skating (500m, 5000m, and 10000m)

1940 '''Sapporo'''; '''St. Moritz'''; '''Garmisch-Partenkirchen'''

The 1940 Winter Olympics were awarded to Sapporo, but when Japan invaded China the games were reassigned to St. Moritz. The continuing dispute about ski instructors caused the Swiss to withdraw. The Germans volunteered Garmisch-Partenkirchen in July 1939, but four months later the event was cancelled due to World War II

1944 '''Cortina d’Ampezzo'''

Cortina d'Ampezzo had been awarded the games in June 1939, but due to World War II, the 1944 Winter Olympics were cancelled in 1941

== 1948 St. Moritz ==
St. Moritz was selected because it was located in Switzerland, which had remained neutral during the war, and also because it had already hosted a Winter Games

Germany and Japan were barred from competing

There were also two demonstration sports – military patrol and the winter pentathlon

Winter pentathlon involved five competitions: 10 km cross-country ski race, shooting, downhill skiing, fencing and horseback riding

Two American teams turned up to play in the ice hockey – the team from the American Hockey Association were allowed to play, the team from the American Olympic Committee were not allowed to play. Canada won the gold medal. Italy conceded 156 goals in their eight matches. Jaroslav Drobny won a silver medal as a member of the Czech team

For the first time, North America took gold medals in figure skating (Dick Button (USA) and Barbara Ann Scott)

Women’s figure skating – Barbara Ann Scott (Canada). Bronze – Jeannette Altwegg

Skeleton. Bronze – John Crammond (GB)

Men’s downhill raced for the first time. Won by Henri Oreiller (France)

Men’s slalom raced for the first time. Won by Edi Reinalter (Switzerland)

Alpine combined held for the last time until 1988

Women’s slalom raced for the first time. Won by Gretchen Fraser (USA)

== 1952 Oslo ==
Alpine skiing events were held at Norefjell, 113 km from the capital

Demonstration sport – bandy

All flags were flown at half-mast during the opening ceremony at Bislett Stadion following the death of George VI on 6 February

The Games closed with the presentation of a flag that would be passed from one Winter Olympics host city to the next. The flag, which became known as the ‘Oslo flag’, has been displayed in the host city during each subsequent Winter Games

Norway topped the medal table

Canada, represented by the Edmonton Mercurys, won the gold medal in ice hockey

Combined event replaced by giant slalom

Cross-country skiing event for women held for the first time

Men’s figure skating – Dick Button. First skater to perform a triple jump

Women’s figure skating – Jeannette Altwegg

Brother-sister pairs took the first four places in the pairs event

Hjalmar Andersen (Norway) won three gold medals in speed skating (1500m, 5000m, and 10000m)

Men’s giant slalom – Stein Eriksen (Norway). First skier from outside of the Alps to win an Olympic men’s Alpine gold medal, and the first skiing superstar

Greek slalom skier Antoin Miliordos fell 18 times on his run and crossed the finish line backwards

Women’s giant slalom and slalom – Andrea Lawrence (USA)

Women’s 10 km classical cross-country held for the first time

== 1956 Cortina d’Ampezzo ==
Cortina d'Ampezzo was selected with 75% of the votes, over bids from Montreal, Colorado Springs and Lake Placid

First games to be televised to a multi-national audience

Cortina Games were held before the Hungarian uprising, and the Suez War, which occurred in the autumn of 1956; the Winter Games escaped the boycotts that plagued the Melbourne Olympics

Athletes from West Germany (FRG) and East Germany (GDR) competed together as the United Team of Germany from 1956 to 1964

To remedy the lack of snow at the alpine skiing events, the Italian army transported large amounts of snow to ensure the courses were adequately covered

Last games at which figure skating competitions were held outdoors

First appearance by Soviet Union, who won more medals than any other nation

Soviet Union won ice hockey gold medal

Tony Sailer (Austria) won gold medals in downhill, slalom, and giant slalom

Chiharu Igaya won the silver medal in the men’s slalom, to become the first Japanese athlete to win a medal at the Winter Olympics

Women’s figure skating – Tenley Albright (USA)

Men’s figure skating – Hayes Alan Jenkins (USA). Bronze – David Jenkins, the younger brother of Hayes Alan Jenkins

Men’s 500m speed skating – Yevgeny Grishin (Russia). Retained the title in 1960

Poland won their first medal at the Winter Olympics, bronze in Nordic Combined

== 1960 Squaw Valley ==
Squaw Valley, California defeated Innsbruck in the bid process. At the time the Squaw Valley resort consisted of one chair lift, two rope tows, and a fifty-room lodge

In 1957 the United States government threatened to deny visas to athlete from Communist countries, causing the IOC to threaten to revoke Squaw Valley's right to host the 1960 Games. Bowing to international pressure, the United States allowed athletes from Communist countries entry for the Games

China and North Korea did not compete

In the men's slalom event, officials who were unsure if a skier had missed a gate asked CBS if they could review tape of the event. This request gave CBS the idea for what is now known as instant replay

The opening and closing ceremonies were produced by Walt Disney and televised by CBS. The 1960 Games were the first to have television broadcast rights sold to the highest bidder

Walt Disney was chairman of the Pageantry Committee in charge of the Opening and Closing ceremonies

Vice President Richard Nixon represented the United States government and declared the Games open. Carol Heiss took the Athletes’ Oath

Organizing committee refused to build a bobsled run because only nine nations were going to take part. This is the only time in Winter Olympic history that the bobsled events were not held

Biathlon was added to the Olympic programme

Soviet Union dominated the medal count winning 21 medals, 7 of which were gold

Women competed in speed skating for the first time with Lydia Skoblikova winning two gold medals (1500m and 3000m)

USA won ice hockey, and beat the Soviet Union for the first time. Team included the Cleary brothers and the Christian brothers

Men’s figure skating – David Jenkins. Bronze – Don Jackson (Canada), the first skater to perform a triple lutz

Women’s figure skating – Carol Heiss (USA), who married Hayes Alan Jenkins in 1961

Men’s downhill – Jean Vuarnet (France), the first gold medalist to use metal skis and no wax. Also invented the ‘egg position’, now known as the tuck

Kyung Soon-yim (South Korea) had only skied on grass before arriving at the Olympics

== 1964 Innsbruck ==
Innsbruck defeated Calgary and Lahti (Finland) in the bid process

Luge made its Olympic debut

North Korea participated in the Winter Games for the first time

Russia topped the medal table

A British lugist (Kazimierz Kay-Skrzypeski, born in Poland) and an Australian downhill skier (Ross Milne) were killed in practice

Lydia Skoblikova won all four women’s speed skating events (500m, 1000m, 1500m, and 3000m) to become the first athlete to win four gold medals in one Winter Olympics

Ice hockey – Soviet Union

Men’s figure skating – Manfred Schnelldorfer (Germany). Bronze – Scott Allen (US), the youngest male to win a medal at the Winter Olympics, aged 14

Pairs – Lyudmila Belousova and Oleg Protopopov. Retained the title in 1968

Men’s 500m speed skating – Terry McDermott. The only USA gold medal in 1964

Two-man bob – Tony Nash and Robin Dixon. Suffered a broken axle bolt during their first run, but Italian world champion Eugenio Monti loaned them an axle bolt. Monti won two gold medals in 1968 and was honoured as the first recipient of the Pierre de Coubertin medal for sportsmanship

Women’s giant slalom – Marielle Goitschel (France). Silver – Christine Goitschel, her sister

Women’s slalom – Christine Goitschel. Silver – Marielle Goitschel

Competitors in ski jumping allowed to use the best two of three jumps for the only time

Charles Palmer-Tomkinson, Tara’s father, was a competitor in the giant slalom and downhill events

== 1968 Grenoble ==
Grenoble defeated Calgary and four other cities in the bid process

IOC first permitted East and West Germany to enter separately

Sex tests for women and drug tests were introduced

Games opened by President Charles de Gaulle

First Olympiad to adopt a mascot, although unofficially. Schuss, the mascot, is a styled skier

Norway topped the medal table

Jean-Claude Killy (France) won gold medals in downhill, slalom, and giant slalom

Karl Schranz (Austria) claimed that a mysterious man in black crossed his path during the slalom race, causing him to skid to a halt. Given a restart, Schranz beat Killy’s time. However, a Jury of Appeal disqualified Schranz for missing two gates and gave the victory to Killy

Men’s giant slalom decided by a combination of two runs, rather than a single run, for the first time

Women’s giant slalom – Nancy Greene (Canada)

Women’s slalom – Marielle Goitschel. 4th Gina Hathorn

Avery Brundage demanded that all trademarks be removed from the skis used by competitors. The International Ski Federation rejected the ban

Three East German entrants were disqualified from the women’s luge for heating their runners

Franco Nones (Italy) won the 30 km race to become the first non-Scandinavian skier to win a men’s cross–country contest

Ice hockey – Soviet Union

Women’s figure skating – Peggy Fleming

Fleming was the only USA gold medal winner. Signed a $500,000 contract with Ice Follies

Men’s 500m speed skating – Erhard Keller (Germany). Retained the title in 1972

== 1972 Sapporo ==
Sapporo defeated Banff, Lahti, and Salt Lake City in the bid process

First Winter Olympics to be held outside Europe or the USA

Games opened by Emperor Hirohito

The Republic of China (Taiwan) participated in their first Winter Olympic Games

Ice hockey – Soviet Union

Canada withdrew from the ice hockey tournament as a protest against the hypocrisy of the eligibility rules. Professionals were not allowed, but the Communist nations used their leading players as there were no ‘professionals’ (their players were employed by the government)

Galina Kulakova (USSR) won all three cross-country skiing events for women

Japan won their first-ever gold medal (Yukio Kasaya) in the Winter Olympics, in the normal hill ski jumping event (and also won silver and bronze in this event)

Women’s figure skating. Bronze – Janet Lynn (USA). The Ice Follies offered her a three-year contract for $1.45 million, which made her the highest-paid female professional athlete of the time

Pairs – Irina Rodnina and Aleksei Ulanov

Ulanov married Lyudmila Smirnova of the number-two USSR team

Ard Schenk (Netherlands) won three gold medals in speed skating (1500m, 5000m, and 10000m)

Connie Carpenter (USA) finished seventh in the 1500m speed skating, and won the gold medal in the cycling road race in the 1984 Summer Olympics

Men’s downhill – Bernhard Russi (Switzerland)

Avery Brundage banned Karl Schranz from competing as he was earning money as a ‘tester and designer’ for ski product manufacturers

Men’s giant slalom – Gustav Thoni (Italy)

Men’s slalom – Paquito Ochoa, the first Spaniard to win a gold medal in the Winter Olympics. Silver – Gustav Thoni. Bronze – Roland Thoni (Gustav’s cousin)

Women’s downhill – Marie-Therese Nadig (Switzerland). Silver – Annemarie Proll

Women’s giant slalom – Marie-Therese Nadig. Silver – Annemarie Proll

Ski jumping large hill – Wojciech Fortuna, winning the first-ever gold medal for Poland at the Winter Olympics

Nordic combined – Ulrich Wehling (GDR). Retained the title in 1976 and 1980

== 1976 Innsbruck ==
The Games were awarded to Denver, but the people of Colorado voted to prohibit public funds from being used to support the games. The IOC then offered the games to Whistler, but they too declined. Salt Lake City offered itself as a potential host after the withdrawal of Denver. The IOC declined and selected Innsbruck

At the opening ceremony, two flames were lit, to celebrate both Innsbruck Games

The mascot was the Tyrolean snowman

Ice dancing was added to the programme

Canada and Sweden boycotted the ice hockey over the ‘professional’ players from the Communist nations

Ice hockey – Soviet Union

Czechoslovakia’s captain, Frantisek Pospipil, was chosen for a random drug test. The team trainer immediately admitted that Pospipil had been given codeine to contact a virus infection, but he was expelled by the IOC

Men’s figure skating – John Curry, who had moved to Colorado in 1973. Terry Kubicka (USA) became the only skater to legally perform a backflip during Olympic competition. The move was banned immediately afterward

Women’s figure skating – Dorothy Hamill

Hamill became the first female to sign a $1 million-a-year contract, with the Ice Capades

Curry and Hamill were both coached by Carlo Fassi

Pairs – Rodnina and Aleksandr Zaitsev. Retained the title in 1980

Tai Babilonia (who skated with Randy Gardner) was the first black athlete to compete at the Winter Olympics

Ice dance – Lyudmila Pakhomova and Aleksandr Gorshkov. Retained the title in 1980

Men’s 1000m speed skating held for the first time

Speed skater Sheila Young became the first US athlete to win three medals at a single Winter Olympics

East Germany won the four-man bobsleigh in 1976, 1980, and 1984

Luge timings changed from 1/100 of a second to 1/1000 of a second

Men’s downhill – Franz Klammer. Silver – Bernhard Russi

Women’s downhill – Rosi Mittermaier (Germany)

Women’s giant slalom – Kathy Kreiner (Canada). Silver – Rosi Mittermaier

Women’s slalom – Rosi Mittermaier

Men’s 30 km cross-country. Silver – Bill Koch (USA), the first American to win an Olympic Nordic skiing medal

Galina Kulakova (Russia), who won eight Olympic medals, finished third in the 5 km cross-country event, but was disqualified due to taking a nasal spray that contained the banned substance ephedrine, to become the first person in the history of the Winter Olympics to lose a medal because of a positive drug test

Normal hill ski jumping – Hans-Georg Aschenbach (GDR), who later admitted to having taken anabolic steroids for eight years

Large hill ski jumping – Karl Schnabl (Austria)

== 1980 Lake Placid ==
The only other candidate city to bid for the Games was Vancouver-Garibaldi; which withdrew before the final vote

The Games were an organizational disaster

The Lake Placid Games saw the only national boycott in the history of the Winter Olympics. People's Republic of China entered the Olympics Games for the first time after the IOC agreed to designate the Republic of China ‘Chinese Taipei’, so they boycotted

The mascots of the Games were Roni and Ronny, two raccoons

First use of artificial snow in Olympic competition

Games opened by Vice President Walter Mondale

Athletes’ Oath taken by Eric Heiden

Ice Hockey – USA. Nine of the USA team were from the University of Minnesota, as was the coach, Herb Brooks. USA bt Russia 4-3 in the match known as the ‘Miracle on Ice’. Winning goal – Mike Eruzione. Jim Craig recorded 39 saves. USA bt Finland in final match

Men’s figure skating – Robin Cousins, who trained in Colorado with Carlo and Christa Fassi

Women’s figure skating – Anett Potzsch (East Germany)

Eric Heiden won all five speed skating events (500m, 1000m, 1500m, 5000m, and 10000m) to become the first person in Olympic history to win five individual gold medals at one Games (three of Mark Spitz’s seven were in relay events)

Women’s speed skating 500m – Karin Enke

Women’s luge – Vera Zozulya (Russia). First non-German-speaking athlete to win a luge gold medal

Men’s downhill – Leonhard Stock (Austria)

Men’s giant slalom – Ingemar Stenmark. Silver – Andreas Wenzel (Liechtenstein)

Men’s slalom – Ingemar Stenmark. Silver – Phil Mahre (USA)

Women’s downhill – Annemarie Moser-Proll. Silver – Hanni Wenzel (Liechtenstein)

Women’s giant slalom decided by a combination of two runs, rather than a single run, for the first time

Women’s giant slalom and slalom – Hanni Wenzel, brother of Andreas

Men’s 30 km cross-country. Bronze – Ivan Lebanov, the first Bulgarian to win a medal in the Winter Olympics

Nikolay Zimyatov (Russia) won three gold medals in cross-country skiing

== 1984 Sarajevo ==
Sarajevo defeated Sapporo and Gothenburg in the bid process

The Winter Games took place in a Socialist country for the first time

The Republic of China ended its boycott of the Olympic Games over the controversy regarding the IOC's recognition of the People's Republic of China, and competed as Chinese Taipei for the first time

By 1992, the Olympic bobsled run had been transformed into an artillery position for Serbian guerrillas. The site of the slalom races was a Serb military installation and the Zetra Figure Skating Centre had been reduced to rubble

‘Speed Skater’ – poster by Andy Warhol

Mascot – Vucko, the little wolf

Disabled skiing was a demonstration sport for the first time

Stenmark was not allowed to compete because he was a professional

Marc Girardelli was not allowed to compete because he retained Austrian citizenship while skiing for Luxembourg

Austria won one bronze medal (Anton Steiner in men’s downhill skiing)

Lamine Gueye of Senegal was the first Black African skier to compete in the Winter Olympics

Marja-Liisa Hamalainen won all three individual cross-country races for women

Ice hockey – Soviet Union

Men’s figure skating – Scott Hamilton (USA). Silver – Brian Orser (Canada)

Women’s figure skating – Katarina Witt (GDR)

Ice dance – Torvill and Dean, performing ''Bolero''. Silver – Natalya Bestemianova and Andrei Bukin

Men’s speed skating 5000m – Tomas Gustafson (Sweden)

Women’s speed skating 500m – Christa Rothenburger (GDR)

Women’s speed skating 1000m and 1500m – Karin Enke

Men’s downhill – Bill Johnson (USA). Silver – Peter Muller (Switzerland)

Men’s giant slalom. Silver – Jure Franko, the first Yugoslav to win a Winter Olympics medal

Men’s slalom – Phil Mahre. Silver – Steve Mahre, Phil’s twin brother

Women’s downhill – Michela Figini (Switzerland), the youngest skier (aged 17) ever to win an Olympic gold medal

Women’s giant slalom – Debbie Armstrong (USA)

Normal hill ski jumping – Jens Weissflog (GDR)

Large hill ski jumping – Matti Nykanen (Finland)

== 1988 Calgary ==
Calgary defeated Falun (Sweden) and Cortina d'Ampezzo in the bid process

For the first time, the Alpine events were held on artificial snow. The Alpine programme expanded to five events with the inclusion of the super giant slalom and the reintroduction of the Alpine combined

Team events were added in Nordic combined and ski jumping (large hill)

The official mascots of the games were two western-attired polar bears named Hidy and Howdy

Curling, freestyle skiing, and short track speed skating were demonstration events

Disabled skiing was an exhibition sport

The host Canadian team failed to win a gold medal

Wilf O’Reilly won two gold medals in short track speed skating demonstration event

Yvonne van Gennip (Netherlands) won three gold medals in speed skating

In biathlon, Frank-Peter Roetsch (East Germany) became the first person to win both individual events

Ice hockey – Soviet Union

Men’s figure skating – Brian Boitano (USA). Silver – Brian Orser. Bronze – Victor Petrenko, the first Ukrainian to win a medal in an individual event at the Winter Olympics

Women’s figure skating – Katarina Witt. Bronze – Debi Thomas (USA), the first black athlete to win a medal in the Winter Olympics. Witt and Thomas independently elected to skate their long programme to music from Bizet's opera ''Carmen'' (known as Battle of the Carmens)

Pairs – Yekaterina Gordeyeva and Sergei Grinkov

Ice Dance – Natalya Bestemianova and Andrei Bukin

Men’s speed skating 5000m and 10000m – Tomas Gustafson

Women’s speed skating 500m – Bonnie Blair (USA). Silver – Christa Rothenburger

Women’s speed skating 1000m – Christa Rothenburger

Women’s speed skating 5000m skated for the first time

12-year-old Jan Hoffman (GDR) competed in figure skating. Youngest-ever male competitor

Bobsleigh event included competitors from countries with little or no snow. These countries included Jamaica (whose involvement spurred the movie ''Cool Runnings''), Mexico, and New Zealand. An informal "Caribbean Cup" of such countries was won by New Zealand. In the two-man event, the best result from a completely snow-less country was 29th by the Netherlands Antilles

Luge. Silver – Georg Hackl (Germany)

Men’s downhill – Pirmin Zurbriggen (Switzerland). Silver – Peter Muller. 8th Martin Bell

Men’s super G – Franck Piccard (France). Named after Frank Sinatra

Men’s giant slalom and slalom – Alberto Tomba (Italy)

Women’s giant slalom – Vreni Schneider (Switzerland)

Women’s slalom – Vreni Schneider

Rusiate Rogoyawa from Fiji entered the men’s 15 km classical cross-country event

Roberto Alvarez (Mexico) was so far behind in the men’s 50 km classical cross-country that race officials thought he had got lost and sent out a delegation to find him

Normal hill and large hill ski jumping – Matti Nykanen

Team ski jumping – Finland, including Matti Nykanen

Michael ‘Eddie the Eagle’ Edwards competed in the 70m and 90m ski jumps

== 1992 Albertville ==
A record of seven different locales bid for the Games

Seven other towns in the Savoy Alps hosted medal competitions

Competitions spread over 14 different sites

Short track speed skating, moguls and women's biathlon made their debut as an Olympic sport. The games were the last Winter Games to have demonstration sports, consisting of curling, aerials, ski ballet and speed skiing. It was the last Olympics to have an outdoor speed skating rink

Games opened by President Mitterand

Olympic flame co-lit by Michel Platini

Germany topped the medals table

Nicolas Bochatay was a Swiss speed skier who was killed when he collided with a snow grooming vehicle on the morning of the speed skiing finals

'''Alpine skiing'''

Men’s downhill – Patrick Ortlieb (Austria)

Men’s super G – Kjetil Andre Aamodt (Norway). Silver – Marc Girardelli (Luxembourg)

Men’s giant slalom – Alberto Tomba. Silver – Girardelli

Tomba became the first Alpine skier to win the same event twice. Most entrants ever in an event – 131, from 46 different nations

Men’s slalom – Finn Christian Jagge (Norway). Silver – Tomba (also won silver in 1994)

Alejandro Preinfalk Lavagni (Costa Rica) came last in the slalom and giant slalom

Women’s downhill – Kerrin Lee-Gartner (Canada), the first winner from a non-German-speaking country

Women’s super G – Deborah Compagnoni (Italy)

Women’s giant slalom – Pernilla Wiberg (Sweden)

Women’s slalom – Petra Kronberger (Austria). Bronze – Fernandez Ochoa (Spain), brother of Paquito Ochoa who won the slalom in 1972. First Spanish woman to win an Olympic medal in either winter or summer

Annelise Coberger of New Zealand won the southern hemisphere's first Winter Olympic medal – silver in the women's slalom

Women’s combined – Petra Kronberger

'''Figure skating'''

Men’s figure skating – Victor Petrenko

Women’s figure skating – Kristi Yamaguchi (USA). Her mother was born in a World War II internment camp for Japanese-Americans

Ice Dance. Silver – Paul and Isabelle Duchesnay, brother and sister from France, choreographed by Christopher Dean, who was Isabelle’s husband

'''Speed skating and Short track speed skating'''

Women’s speed skating 500m – Bonnie Blair. Silver – Ye Quaobo, the first Chinese athlete to win a Winter Olympic medal

Women’s speed skating 1000m – Bonnie Blair

Women’s speed skating 1500m. Bronze – Seiko Hashimoto, the first Japanese woman to win a Winter Olympic medal, also competed as a cyclist at three Summer Olympics

Women’s speed skating 3000m and 5000m – Gunda Niemann-Stirnemann (Germany)

Men’s short track 1000m held for the first time. Gold – Kim ki-hoon (Korea). 5th Wilf O’Reilly

Women’s short track 500m – Cathy Turner (USA). Retained the title in 1994

First ice hockey tournament played with a final, instead of pool matches. Soviet Union (Unified Team) bt Canada in the final

Luge – Georg Hackl (Germany), Retained the title in 1994 and 1998

Vegard Ulvang (Norway) and Bjorn Daehlie each won three gold medals in cross-country skiing

Men’s combined pursuit introduced. Won by Bjorn Daehlie. Two competitors from Morocco

Men’s 4x10 km and women’s 4x5 km cross-country relays changed from a freestyle event to an event where two skiers use the classical technique and two use the freestyle technique

Women’s combined pursuit introduced. Won by Lyubov Yegorova (Russia), who retained the title in 1994

Women’s 15 km freestyle cross-country introduced. Won by Lyubov Yegorova

Large hill ski jumping – Toni Nieminen (Finland)

Team ski jumping – Finland, including Toni Nieminen. Aged 16, he became the youngest male to win a Winter Olympics gold medal

Men’s moguls – Edgar Grospiron (France)

Women’s moguls – Donna Weinbrecht (USA)

== 1994 Lillehammer ==
The Games were the first to be held in a different year from the Summer Olympics, the first and only one to be held two years after the previous winter games

Lillehammer defeated Ostersund (Sweden), Anchorage, and Sofia in the bid process

The games also saw the introduction of stricter qualifying rules, reducing the number of under-performing participants from warm-weather countries. New events were two new distances in short track speed skating and aerials, while speed skating was moved indoors

Games opened by King Harald V

South Africa competed for the first time since 1960

'''Alpine skiing'''

Men’s downhill – Tommy Moe (USA). Silver – Aamodt

Conner O’Brien skied for his fourth different country

Men’s super-G and giant slalom – Markus Wasmeier (Germany)

Men’s slalom – Thomas Stangassinger (Austria)

Men’s combined – Lasse Kjus (Norway). Silver – Aamodt, who became the first Alpine skier to win five medals

Women’s downhill – Katja Seizinger (Germany). Silver – Picabo Street (USA)

Women’s super-G – Diann Roffe (USA)

Women’s giant slalom – Deborah Compagnoni. Retained the title in 1998, to become the first Alpine skier to earn gold medals in three different Olympics

Women’s slalom – Vreni Schneider. First female Alpine skier to win three gold medals

Women’s combined – Pernilla Wiberg. Bronze – Alenka Dovzan, first medal won by Slovenia

'''Figure skating'''

Elvis Stojko (Canada) won the silver medal in men’s figure skating in 1994 and 1998

Women’s figure skating – Oksana Baiul (Ukraine). Silver – Nancy Kerrigan. 8th Tonya Harding

On 6 January, Tonya Harding's ex-husband Jeff Gillooly hired Shane Stant to club fellow figure skater Nancy Kerrigan in the knee. Tonya Harding became a boxer

Pairs – Yekaterina Gordeyeva and Sergei Grinkov

Ice dance – Oksana Grischuk and Yevgeny Platov. Retained the title in 1998. Bronze – Torvill and Dean, performing ''Let’s Face the Music and Dance''

'''Speed skating and Short track speed skating'''

Men’s 1000m speed skating – Dan Jansen (USA). Jansen had won seven overall World Cup titles and set seven world records, but he had never won an Olympic medal

Johann Olav Koss won three gold medals in speed skating (1500m, 5000m, and 10000m)

Women’s speed skating 500m and 1000m – Bonnie Blair

Women’s speed skating 5000m – Claudia Pechstein (Germany). Retained the title in 1998 and 2002

Men’s short track 500m held for the first time. Bronze – Nicky Gooch

Men’s short track 1000m – Kim ki-hoon. Marc Gagnon (Canada) won the bronze medal despite not taking part in the final. He won the consolation final, and two skaters in the final were disqualified

Ice hockey final – Sweden bt Canada in a shootout. First ice hockey gold medal won by Sweden

USA became the first bobsleigh crew to be disqualified for overheated runners

Bosnia used a sled donated by Netherlands

Women can now enter luge two-seater, but no women have yet entered

Men’s combined pursuit – Bjorn Daehlie, becoming the first male cross-country skier to win five gold medals

Men’s 50 km classical cross-country – Vladimir Smirnov (Kazakhstan)

Women’s 15 km and 30 km cross-country – Manuela Di Centa (Italy)

Large hill ski jumping – Jens Weissflog

Women’s 7.5 km and 15 km biathlon – Myriam Bedard (Canada)

== 1998 Nagano ==
Nagano defeated Salt Lake City in the final round of voting. The host city selection was held in Birmingham in 1991

The games saw the introduction of curling and snowboarding

Games opened by Emperor Akihito

For the first time, the best professional hockey players in the world were allowed to compete. Czech Republic won gold, beating Russia 1-0 in the final. Shutout by goaltender Dominik Hasek

Women’s ice hockey made its first appearance. Body checking is not allowed. All women are required to wear full face masks. USA bt Canada in the gold medal match

Ross Rebagliati (Canada) tested positive for marijuana and was stripped of his snowboarding gold medal. It was the first time in Olympic history that an athlete was punished for taking a non-performance-enhancing drug. The IOC decision was appealed to the Court of Arbitration for Sport and Rebagliati’s victory was reaffirmed

Because of Japan’s strict gun control laws, biathlon rifles were kept under lock and key and biathletes had to submit to a retina scan to retrieve them

Curling tournament was held at Karuizawa, which hosted the equestrian events at the 1964 Summer Olympics, becoming the first city to hold events at both the Summer and Winter Olympics

'''Alpine skiing'''

Men’s downhill – Jean-Luc Chretier (France). Silver – Lasse Kjus. Martin Bell set a record by competing in his fifth Olympic downhill

Men’s super G – Hermann Maier (Austria). Silver – Didier Cuche (Switzerland)

Men’s giant slalom – Hermann Maier. Silver – Stephan Eberharter (Austria)

Men’s combined – slalom held before the downhill. Because of weather delays, the combined downhill was held on the same day as the regular downhill. Lasse Kjus won silver in both events, becoming the only Alpine skier to win two Olympic medals in one day

Women’s downhill – Katja Seizinger (Germany). First person to win the Olympic downhill twice

Women’s super G – Picabo Street

Women’s slalom – Hilde Gerg (Germany)

Australia won their first individual Winter Olympic medal when Zali Steggall won bronze in the women's slalom

Women’s combined – Katja Seizinger

'''Figure skating'''

Steven Cousins (GB) finished sixth in men’s figure skating

Women’s figure skating – Tara Lipinski (USA). Silver – Michelle Kwan (USA)

Tara Lipinski broke Sonja Henie’s record as the youngest winner of an individual event, aged 15. Surya Bonaly performed an illegal backflip

'''Speed skating and Short track speed skating'''

500m speed skating changed from a one-race to a two-race format. Final places are determined by the combined total of the two races

Men’s speed skating 5000m and 10000m – Gianni Romme (Netherlands)

Men’s curling – Switzerland

Women’s curling final – Canada bt Denmark, who won their first Winter Olympic medal. 4th GB (skip – Kirsty Hay)

Four-man bobsleigh. Bronze – GB (Sean Olsson, Dean Ward, Courtney Rumbolt, Paul Attwood)

Luge two-seater. Bronze – USA. First medal won by USA in luge

Men’s 50 km classical cross-country – Bjorn Daehlie, winning his eighth gold medal, his twelfth total medal, his ninth medal in an individual event, and his sixth gold medal in an individual event (tying Lydia Skoblikova)

Men’s 10 km classical cross-country saw the first appearance of a Black African in cross-country. Philip Boit and Henry Bitok were Kenyans trained in Finland in order to become competitive skiers. Both were former middle distance runners with no previous skiing experience. Their project was sponsored by Nike

Large hill ski jumping – Kazuyoshi Funaki (Japan)

Team ski jumping – Japan, including Masahiko Harada, who had lost Japan the gold medal in 1994 with a poor final jump. Okabe and Harada both jumped 137 metres, the longest ever jump in an Olympic ski jumping competition

Men’s 10 km biathlon – Ole Einar Bjorndalen (Norway)

Women’s 15 km biathlon – Yekaterina Dafovska, winning Bulgaria’s first gold medal at the Winter Olympics

Women’s moguls – Tae Satoya, becoming the first Japanese woman to earn a gold medal in the Winter Olympics

== 2002 Salt Lake City ==
Salt Lake City was chosen over Quebec City, Sion (Switzerland), and, Ostersund

Scandal broke in December 1998, when Swiss IOC member Marc Hodler, head of the coordination committee overseeing the organization of the 2002 games, announced that several members of the IOC had taken bribes. As a result of an investigation, ten members of the IOC were expelled and another ten were sanctioned

Mascots – Powder (a hare), Copper (a coyote), and Coal (a bear)

Emblem – a snow crystal

The opening ceremony featured LeAnn Rimes singing ''Light the Fire Within'', the official song of the 2002 Olympics

John Williams composed a five-minute work for orchestra and chorus, ''Call of the Champions'', that served as the official theme of the 2002 Winter Olympics

Games opened by President George W Bush

The closing ceremony marked the final live performance of KISS

Norway tied the Soviet Union at the 1976 Winter Olympics for most gold medals at a Winter Olympics, with 13

Germany set a record for most total medals at a Winter Olympics, with 36

Men’s skeleton was held in 1928 and 1948, then not until 2002

Women’s skeleton was held for the first time in 2002

'''Alpine skiing'''

Men’s downhill – Fritz Strobl (Austria)

Men’s combined and super-G – Aamodt

Men’s giant slalom – Eberharter

Men’s slalom – Jean-Pierre Vidal (France)

Alain Baxter finished third in slalom. He sparked controversy at the time, by dying his hair with the Saltire cross of St Andrew. A few days after his return home, Baxter discovered that he had failed a drug test. The bronze was then awarded to Austrian Benjamin Raich

Bode Miller won silver medals in the combined and giant slalom

Janica Kostelic (Croatia) won gold medals in the combined, giant slalom and slalom, and a silver medal in the super-G. The first Winter Olympic medals ever for an athlete from Croatia and the first three-gold performance by a female

Women’s downhill – Carole Montillet (France)

Women’s super-G – Daniela Ceccarelli (Italy)

'''Figure skating'''

Men’s figure skating – Alexei Yagudin (Russia). Silver – Plushenko

American Sarah Hughes won the gold medal in figure skating. Michelle Kwan fell during her long program and received the bronze medal

In the figure skating pairs competition, Yelena Berezhnaya and Anton Sikharulidze of Russia had won the short program over Jamie Sale and David Pelletier of Canada. In the free skate, Berezhnaya and Sikharulidze made a minor (but obvious) technical error. Meanwhile, Sale and Pelletier skated a flawless program, albeit one that many experts considered to be of lesser difficulty than that of the Russians, who were awarded the gold medal. There was immediate suspicion of cheating. The French judge, Marie-Reine Le Gougne said that she had been pressured by the head of the French skating organization, Didier Gailhaguet, to vote for the Russian pair regardless of how the others performed. Sale and Pelletier's silver medal was upgraded to a gold medal. The judging system was changed for the 2006 Olympics

'''Speed skating and Short track speed skating'''

Men’s and women’s short track 1500m held for the first time

Men’s short track 1500m – Apolo Anton Ohno (USA). Also won silver in 1000m

China won its first and second Winter Olympic gold medals, both by women's short-track speed skater Yang Yang (A)

One of the most memorable stories of the event occurred at the men's short track 1000m. Australian skater Steven Bradbury, a competitor who had won a bronze in 1994 as part of a relay team but well off the pace of the medal favourites, cruised off the pace in his semi-final only to see three of his competitors crash into each other, allowing him to finish second and go through to the final. Bradbury was again well off the pace, but all four other competitors crashed out in the final turn, leaving Bradbury to take the most unlikely of gold medals, the first for Australia – or any other country of the Southern Hemisphere – in the Winter Olympic Games

Two-woman bobsleigh held for the first time, over two runs. Vonetta Flowers (USA) became the first black person to win a gold medal in the Winter Olympics

The cross-country skiing events were marred by drug problems. The winners of three races were disqualified after blood tests showed that three skiers had overly high red blood cell counts indicating the use of darbepoetin

Sprint cross-country skiing events held for the first time (1500m freestyle)

Women’s curling final – GB (Rhona Martin, Debbie Knox, Fiona MacDonald, Janice Rankin) bt Switzerland

Both the men's and women's ice hockey tournaments were won by Canada, defeating USA in both games

Luge. Silver – Hackl

Women’s luge – Sylke Otto (Germany). Retained the title in 2006

Women’s skeleton. Bronze – Alex Coomber

Simon Ammann of Switzerland took the double in ski jumping

Adam Małysz (Poland) won the silver medal in the large hill and the bronze medal in the normal hill ski jumping

Glynn Pedersen represented UK in ski jumping

Snowboard parallel giant slalom – Philipp Scoch (Switzerland)

Ole Einar Bjorndalen of Norway won gold in all four men's biathlon events (10 km, 12.5 km, 20 km, 4 x 7.5 km relay

Nordic combined athlete Samppa Lajunen of Finland won three gold medals

== 2006 Turin ==
Turin beat Sion (Switzerland) in the bid

The Olympic mascots of Torino 2006 were Neve (‘snow’ in Italian), a female snowball, and Gliz, a male ice cube. The official motto of the XX Olympic Winter Games was ‘Passion lives here’

Events that made their Olympic debut in Turin included mass start biathlon, team sprint cross country skiing, snowboard cross and team pursuit speed skating. The classical men's 50 km and women's 30 km distances, which were held at the previous Winter Games in 2002, were not held in these Games, as these events were alternated with freestyle events of the same distances. Most of the cross country skiing events at these Games involved different distances from those in Salt Lake City

Stefania Belmondo, a 10-time Olympic medalist in cross-country skiing, lit the Olympic Flame during the opening ceremony. Rhona Martin carried the GB flag

In the closing ceremony, Manuela Di Centa, a seven-time Olympic medalist from Italy and then-member of the IOC, was scheduled to present the medals for the men's 50 kilometre cross-country skiing event. This resulted in her presenting the gold medal to her own brother when Giorgio Di Centa won the event to take his second gold medal

Shelley Rudman carried the GB flag at the closing ceremony

Germany topped the medal table

'''Alpine skiing'''

Men’s downhill – Antoine Deneriaz (France)

Men’s combined – Ted Ligety (USA). Bode Miller disqualified. 14th Noel Baxter (GB)

Men’s super-G – Aamont

Men’s giant slalom and slalom – Benjamin Raich (Austria)

Women’s downhill – Michaela Dorfmeister (Austria). 11th Chemmy Alcott (GB)

Women’s combined – Janica Kostelic (Croatia)

Chemmy Alcott disqualified from Women’s combined because her skis were too narrow (should be at least 60 mm)

Women’s super-G – Michaela Dorfmeister

Women’s giant slalom – Julia Mancuso (USA)

Women’s slalom – Anja Paerson (Sweden)

Kjetil Andre Aamodt and Janica Kostelic both won their fourth gold medals. Aamodt also set the overall medal record in the sport with eight

'''Figure skating'''

Men’s figure skating – Evgeni Plushenko (Russia)

Women’s figure skating – Shizuka Arakawa (Japan)

'''Speed skating and Short track speed skating'''

Cindy Klassen (Canada) won five medals in speed skating (one gold, two silver, and two bronze)

Women’s 5000m – Clara Hughes (Canada)

South Korea won six of the eight gold medals in short track speed skating

Men’s 500m – Apolo Anton Ohno

Shani Davis (USA) became the first black athlete from any nation to win a gold medal in an individual sport at the Olympic Winter Games, winning the speed skating 1000m event. Defended the title in 2010

Latvia won its first winter Olympic medal when Martiņs Rubenis took the bronze in the men's luge

Men’s skeleton – Duff Gibson (Canada). Gibson became the oldest individual gold medalist in the history of the Winter Games, aged 39

Women’s skeleton – Maya Pedersen (Switzerland). Silver – Shelley Rudman (GB)

Lascelles Brown became the first Jamaican-born competitor to win a medal at the Winter Olympics, competing on the Canadian two-man bobsleigh team which finished second

Women’s ice hockey final – Canada bt Sweden

Men’s ice hockey final – Sweden bt Finland

Women’s curling final – Sweden bt Switzerland

Men’s curling third-place play-off – USA bt GB (skip – David Murdoch)

Men’s curling final – Canada bt Finland

Women’s cross country 10 km and 15 km pursuit – Kristina Smigun (Estonia), the first Estonian woman to win a medal at the Winter Olympics

Ski jumping large hill – Thomas Morgenstern (Austria)

Snowboard halfpipe – Shaun White

Snowboard parallel giant slalom – Philipp Scoch (Switzerland), defeated his brother Simon in the final

Snowboard cross – Seth Westcott (USA). Retained the title in 2010

== 2010 Vancouver ==
Vancouver beat Pyeongchang and Salzburg in the bid

Opening ceremony – flame lit by Wayne Gretsky, GB flag carried by Shelley Rudman, Canada flag carried by Clara Hughes

Games motto – ‘with glowing hearts’ / ‘des plus brilliants exploits’

Mascots – Miga (sea bear), Quatchi (sasquatch) and Sumi (animal spirit, mascot for Paralympics)

Emblem – Ilanaaq (Inuktitut word for ‘friend’), a traditional stone sculpture

Alpine events held in Whistler

Closing ceremony – Amy Williams carried GB flag, Joannie Rochette carried Canadian flag

For the first time, Olympic ice hockey matches were played on a narrower NHL-sized ice rink, instead of the international size

Luge competitor Nodar Kumaritashvili (Georgia) died in a training accident

Canada became the first host nation since Norway in 1952 to lead the gold medal count. With 14, Canada broke the record for the most gold medals won at a single Winter Olympics. The United States broke the record for the most medals won at a single Winter Olympics, with 37

Leading individual medal winners – Marit Bjoergen (Norway, women’s cross country skiing, 3-1-1), Meng Wang (China, short track, 3-0-0), Petter Northug (Norway, cross country skiing, 2-1-1)

'''Alpine skiing'''

Men’s downhill – Didier Defago (Switzerland). Silver – Aksel Lund Svindal, Bronze – Bode Miller

Men’s super-G – Svindal

Men’s giant slalom – Carlo Janka (Switzerland)

Men’s slalom – Guiliano Razzoli (Italy)

Men’s super combined – Miller

Ivaka Kostelic (Croatia) won two silver medals. He is the elder brother of Janica Kostelic

Women’s downhill – Vonn. Silver –Mancuso, Bronze – Goergl. 13th Chemmy Alcott

Anja Paerson crashed after flying for nearly 60m off the final jump. Marion Rolland crashed after five seconds

Women’s super-G – Andrea Fischbacher (Austria)

Women’s giant slalom – Viktoria Rebensburg (Germany)

Women’s slalom – Maria Riesch

Women’s super combined – Reisch. Silver – Mancuso. Bronze – Paerson (winning her sixth Olympic medal)

Tina Maze (Slovenia) won two silver medals

'''Figure skating'''

Men’s figure skating – Evan Lysacek (USA). Silver – Plushenko

Women’s figure skating – Kim Yu-Na (South Korea). Silver – Mao Asada, Bronze – Joannie Rochette (Canada), whose mother died the previous week

First time after 1960 that a Russian, Soviet or Unified Team (CIS) flagged team did not win the pair skating gold medal. Won by Chinese team of Shen Xue and Zhao Hongbo

Ice Dance – Moir and Virtue (Canada). 8th John and Sinead Kerr

'''Speed skating and Short track speed skating'''

Apolo Anton Ohno won his seventh and eighth speed skating Olympic medals, beating Bonnie Blair’s record for most medals won by a US Winter Olympian

John Eley (GB) finished sixth in 500m short track

Mens’s 10000m speed skating – Lee Seunh-Hoon (South Korea). Sven Kramer (Netherlands), who had not lost a 10000m race since 2006, finished first but was disqualified due to a missed lane change

Men’s 5000m speed skating – Sven Kramer

Haralds Silovs (Latvia) competed in the 1500m short track and 5000m long track speed skating events in the same day. He is the only athlete in the history of the Winter Olympics to compete in both short track and long track events at the same Games, and the only athlete to compete in two different disciplines on the same day

Norwegian biathlete Ole Einar Bjoerndalen won his 11th Olympic medal. Only fellow Norwegian Bjorn Daehlie has won more Olympic medals, with 12 in total

Four-man bobsleigh – USA. Bobsled known as the ‘night train’

Men’s curling play-off – Sweden bt GB (skip – David Murdoch)

GB women’s curling team eliminated by Canada. GB Skip – Eve Muirhead

Women’s curling final – Sweden bt Canada

Men’s curling final – Canada bt Norway. Skip – Kevin Martin

Alexandre Bilodeau won Canada’s first ever Olympic gold medal on home soil in the men’s mogul event

Jeret Petersen performed a trick known as the ‘hurricane’ in Men’s Aerials

Men’s halfpipe – Shaun White, known as the ‘flying tomato’, who included the ‘double McTwist 1260’, also known as the ‘tomahawk’

Women’s halfpipe – Torah Bright (Australia)

Men’s ice hockey final – Canada bt USA. Winning goal scored by Sidney Crosby (Pittsburgh Penguins)

Women’s ice hockey final – Canada bt USA

Men’s luge – Felix Loch (Germany)

Women’s skeleton – Amy Williams, 6th Shelley Rudman. A Canadian complaint about the helmet worn by Williams was rejected. Williams’ sled is known as ‘Arthur’

Men’s skeleton – Jon Montgomery (Canada), 6th Kristan Bromley

Simon Ammann won both ski jumping hills, having won the double eight years ago. Adam Malysz won silver medals on both hills

== 2014 Sochi ==
Sochi beat Pyeongchang and Salzburg in the bid process

Opening ceremony held at Fisht Olympic Stadium. Flame lit by Vladislav Tretiak and Irina Rodnina. GB flag carried by Jon Eley. Games motto – ‘Hot. Cool. Yours.’ Mascots – a polar bear, a European hare, and an Amur leopard

Events held at Sochi Olympic Park (Coastal Cluster) and Krasnaya Polyana (Extreme Park)

New events approved – Ski slopestyle, snowboard slopestyle, and snowboard parallel special slalom

Sochi 2014's organizers make a joke at their own expense during the Winter Olympics closing ceremony after the fifth Olympic ring ‘fails’ to unfurl

Lizzy Yarnold carried GB flag at closing ceremony

Russia topped the medal table

'''Alpine skiing'''

Men’s downhill – Matthias Mayer (Austria)

Men’s super-G – Kjetil Jansrud (Norway). Bronze – Bode Miller

Bode Miller, 36, became the oldest alpine skier to win an Olympic medal and became the joint-second most successful US Winter Olympian alongside Bonnie Blair, with six medals

Men’s giant slalom – Ted Ligety. First non-European winner of this event

Men’s slalom – Mario Matt (Austria). Aged 34, Matt became the oldest champion in Olympic alpine skiing

Men’s super-combined – Sando Viletta (Switzerland)

Women’s downhill – Dominique Gisin (Switzerland) and Tina Maze shared the gold medal

Women’s super-G – Anna Fenninger (Austria)

Women’s giant slalom – Tina Maze. Vanessa-Mae, competing as Vanessa Vanakorn (Thailand), finished last

Women’s slalom – Mikaela Shiffrin (USA). Aged 18, Shiffrin became the youngest champion in Olympic alpine skiing

Women’s super-combined – Maria Hofl-Riesch

'''Figure skating'''

Men’s figure skating – Yuzuru Hanyu (Japan)

Women’s figure skating – Adelina Sotnikova (Russia). Silver – Kim Yuna. This event led to a controversy on the scoring and judging

Ice dance – Meryl Davis and Charlie White (USA). Silver – Tessa Virtue and Scott Moir (Canada). 10th Penny Coomes and Nick Buckland

Davis and White were the first ice dance gold medalists from USA

'''Speed skating and Short track speed skating'''

Speed skating 500m – Michel Mulder (Netherlands). Bronze – Ronald Mulder, his twin brother

Elise Christie failed to finish in all three short track speed skating events

Bjoerndalen won his 13th Olympic medal – gold in mixed biathlon relay

Marit Bjorgen won her third gold medal in cross-country skiing and equaled the record for most Winter Olympic medals by a woman, with 10, six of them gold

Alex Bilodeau retained moguls Olympics title

Slopestyle snowboard – Sage Kotsenburg (USA). First gold medal to be awarded

Women’s moguls – Canadian sisters Justine Dufour-Lapointe and Chloe Dufour-Lapointe won gold and silver

Women’s slopestyle snowboard – Jamie Anderson (USA). Bronze – Jenny Jones. GB’s first-ever medal on snow

Ski jumping normal hill and large hill both won by Kamil Stoch (Poland)

Women’s normal hill – Carina Vogt (Germany). First women’s ski jumping competition

Women’s skeleton – Lizzie Yarnold. Sled is called ‘Mervyn’

Felix Loch retained men's luge title

Women’s luge – Natalie Geisenberger. Retained the title in 2018

Men's four-man bobsleigh - GB upgraded to bronze after two Russian crews were disqualified

Women’s bobsleigh – Canada. Silver – USA-2, with Olympic sprinter Lauren Williams

Williams became the fifth person to have won a medal in both the Summer and Winter Olympic games

Former Olympic hurdler Lolo Jones represented USA-3 in bobsleigh

Women’s curling final – Canada bt Sweden. Skip – Jennifer Jones. Canada were unbeaten in the tournament

Bronze medal match – GB (Muirhead, Sloan, Adams, Hamilton) bt Switzerland

Men’s curling final – Canada bt GB (Murdoch, Drummond, Andrews, Goodfellow). Canada skip – Brad Jacobs

Men’s ice hockey final – Canada bt Sweden

Women’s ice hockey final – Canada bt USA

== 2018 Pyeongchang ==
The winning bid by Pyeongchang was announced in 2011 after the 123rd IOC Session in Durban. The two other candidates which applied to host the games were Annecy (France) and Munich

Opening ceremony – flame lit by Kim Yuna. GB flag carried by Lizzy Yarnold. Korea march under one flag. Games motto – ‘Passion. Connected.’ Mascot – Soohorang, a white tiger. Tonga flag bearer is bare-chested Pita Taufatofua. US decide flag carrier by toss of coin, won by Erin Hamlin. Shani Davis boycotts ceremony after losing the toss. Olympic rings made by drones, using augmented reality

92 nations took part, including Olympic Athletes from Russia

102 gold medals on offer across 15 disciplines

Closing ceremony. Billy Morgan carries GB flag

Final medal table – 1st Norway (14-14-11) 39 2nd Germany (14-10-7) 31 3rd Canada (11-8-10) 29 19th GB (1-0-4) 5

Mountain cluster venue – Alpensia Sports Park

Coastal cluster venues – Gangneung

'''Alpine skiing'''

Men’s downhill – Aksel Lund Svindal

Men’s super-G – Matthias Mayer

Men’s giant slalom – Marcel Hirscher

Men’s slalom – Andre Myhrer (Sweden) 9th Dave Ryding

Men’s combined – Marcel Hirscher

Women’s downhill – Sofia Goggia (Italy). Bronze – Lindsey Vonn

Women’s super-G – Ester Ledecka (Czech Republic)

Women’s giant slalom – Mikaela Schiffren

Women’s slalom – Frida Hansdotter (Sweden)

Women’s combined – Michelle Gisin (Switzerland). Sister of Dominique, who won the downhill in 2014

Alpine team – Switzerland. Parallel slalom event with two males and two females on each team

'''Figure skating'''

Men’s figure skating – Yuzuru Hanyu (Japan)

Fans throw Winnie the Pooh toys onto the ice after Hanyu has skated

Women’s figure skating – Alina Zagitova (OAR), aged 15. 2nd Medvedeva

Ice dance – Tessa Virtue and Scott Moir. 11th Penny Coomes and Nick Buckland

'''Speed skating and Short track speed skating'''

Speed skating 5000m – Sven Kramer. Third successive title

Women’s 1500m speed skating – Ireen Wust (Netherlands). Tenth Olympic medal

Elise Christie failed to finish in all three short track speed skating events

Short track speed skating 5000m relay – Hungary. First ever gold medal. Team contains Shaoang Liu, who was Elise Christie’s boyfriend

'''Snowboarding'''

Snowboard slopestyle – Red Gerard (USA). Aged 17

Snowboard halfpipe – Sean White. Third gold medal

Women’s snowboard halfpipe – Chloe Kim (USA). Aged 17

Women’s snowboarding parallel giant slalom – Ledecka

Big air. Bronze – Billy Morgan

First Olympic big air competition won by Anna Gasser (Austria)

Ski slopestyle. 4th James Wood

Women’s ski slopestyle. Bronze – Isabel Atkin

First gold medal – Charlotte Kalla (Sweden), in women’s skiathlon

Skiathlon. 7th Andrew Musgrave

Ski jumping large hill – Stoch

Ski jumper Norai Kasai competes in eighth Olympics for Japan

Luge – David Gleirscher (Austria). 5th Felix Loch

Skeleton – Yun (South Korea). Bronze – Dom Parsons. Britain's first men's skeleton medal since John Crammond in 1948

Akwasi Frimpong represents Ghana in skeleton

Women’s skeleton – Yarnold. Bronze – Laura Deas

Two-man bobsleigh finishes in dead heat between Canada and Germany

Jamaica and Nigeria competed in women's bobsleigh

GB women’s bobsleigh crowdfunded by £40,000

Men’s ice hockey semi-final – Germany bt Canada

Men’s ice hockey final – OAR bt Germany

Korea women’s ice hockey team lose first match 8-0 to Switzerland

Women’s ice hockey final – USA bt Canada. Jocelyne Lamoureux-Davidson scores the winning penalty in the shootout

Men’s curling play-off – Switzerland bt GB (skip – Kyle Smith)

Men’s curling final – USA bt Sweden

South Korea women’s curling team are all named Kim, and are known as ‘the Garlic girls’. Their nicknames are Steak, Yogurt, Pancake, Sunny and Chocho

Women’s curling semi-final – Sweden bt GB

Eve Muirhead penalized for not releasing final stone before hogline against Sweden

Women’s curling bronze medal match – Japan bt GB

Women’s curling final – Sweden bt South KoreaEster Ledecka becomes the first person to win two gold medals at the same Winter Olympics using two different types of equipment (skis and snowboard)

Marit Bjorgen won five medals taking her total number of medals up to a record 15

Alexander Krushelnitskiy of the Olympic Athletes from Russia (OAR) team is stripped of his bronze medal in mixed doubles curling after testing positive for meldonium

== 2022 Beijing ==
The host city was elected in July 2015, at the 128th IOC Session in Kuala Lumpur. Beijing beat Almaty by 44 votes to 40 with one abstention. Beijing became the first city to host both a summer and winter Games. The Games took place from 4 to 20 February 2022. A number of countries staged a diplomatic boycott of the Games. Russia competed as ROC and was represented by the flag of the Russian Olympic Committee

Seven new medal events were added, including men's and women's big air freestyle, women's monobob, mixed team competitions in freestyle skiing aerials, ski jumping, and snowboard cross, and the mixed relay in short track speed skating. Women's Nordic Combined was not added, and remains the only Winter Olympic sport only contested by men

Opening ceremony – held in Beijing National Stadium. Games opened by President Xi Jinping. Directed by Zhang Yimou. In lieu of a cauldron, the Olympic torch was mounted in the centre of a large snowflake sculpture. Games emblem – “Winter Dream”. Games slogan – “Together for a Shared Future”. Mascot – Bing Dwen Dwen, a giant panda. GB flagbearers – Eve Muirhead and Dave Ryding

91 nations took part. Haiti and Saudi Arabia made their Winter Olympic debuts

109 gold medals were on offer across 15 disciplines

Beijing Zone – includes Beijing National Aquatics Centre (curling) and Beijing National Indoor Stadium (ice hockey). Competitions for luge, skeleton, bobsleigh and alpine skiing were held in Yanqing District, using artificial snow

Zhangjiakou Zone – location for all other skiing events. 220 km from Beijing

Closing ceremony – Directed by Zhang Yimou. GB flagbearer – Bruce Mouat

Final medal table – 1st Norway (16-8-13) 37 2nd Germany (12-10-5) 27 3rd China (9-4-2) 15 19th GB (1-1-0) 2

Norway broke the record for most gold medals at a single Winter Games

ROC won the second largest number of medals at the Games (32), but finished ninth on the medal table, as only six were gold medals

Most medals won by a single athlete (5) – Norwegian biathletes Johannes Thingnes Bo and Marte Olsbu Roeiseland, French biathlete Quentin Fillon Maillet and ROC cross-country skier Alexander Bolshunov

Most gold medals won by a single athlete (4) – Johannes Thingnes Bo

'''Alpine skiing'''

Men’s downhill – Beat Fuez (Switzerland). Silver – Johan Clarey (France), aged 41

Men’s super-G – Matthias Mayer (Austria). Retained the title

Men’s giant slalom – Marco Odermatt (Switzerland)

Men’s slalom – Clement Noel (France). 13th Dave Ryding

Men’s combined – Johannes Strolz (Austria)

Women’s downhill – Corinne Suter (Switzerland). Silver – Sofia Goggia (Italy)

Women’s super-G – Laura Gut-Behrami (Switzerland)

Women’s giant slalom – Sara Hector (Sweden)

Women’s slalom – Petra Vlhova (Slovakia)

Women’s combined – Michelle Gisin (Switzerland). Retained the title

Alpine team – Austria

'''Biathlon'''

Men’s sprint – Johannes Thingnes Bo (Norway)

Men’s mass start – Johannes Thingnes Bo

Men’s individual – Quentin Fillon Maillet (France)

Men’s pursuit – Quentin Fillon Maillet

Women’s sprint – Marte Olsbu Roeiseland (Norway)

Women’s pursuit – Marte Olsbu Roeiseland

Tarjei Bø, the brother of Johannes Thingnes Bo, won four medals

'''Bobsleigh'''

Two-man bob – Germany. Only podium sweep of the Games

Four-man bob – Germany. 6th GB, piloted by Brad Hall

Women’s monobob – Kaillie Humphries (USA)

Two-woman bob – Germany. 17th GB (Mica McNeill and Montell Douglas)

Montell Douglas became the first female Briton to compete at the Summer and Winter Olympics

'''Cross-country skiing'''

Men’s 30km skiathlon – Alexander Bolshunov (ROC)

Men’s 50km freestyle – Alexander Bolshunov

Women’s 15km skiathlon – Therese Johaug (Norway). First gold medal to be awarded

Women’s 10km classical – Therese Johaug

Women’s 30km freestyle – Therese Johaug

'''Curling'''

Men’s final – Sweden (skip – Niklas Edin) bt GB (skip – Bruce Mouat)

Women’s final – GB (skip – Eve Muirhead) bt Japan

Mixed doubles – Italy. GB (Bruce Mouat and Jenn Dods) lose bronze medal game to Sweden

Mixed doubles started on 2 February, two days before the Opening Ceremony

'''Figure skating'''

Men’s singles – Nathan Chen (USA)

Women’s singles – Anna Shcherbakova (ROC). 4th Kamila Valieva (ROC, aged 15)

A sample that Valieva had submitted for a drug test in December tested positive for trimetazidine, which is banned. The ROC team won the team event, but the medal ceremony was postponed pending official investigation of filed allegations concerning possible doping, though Valieva was given permission to compete while the investigation is still in progress. In the individual event, she led after the short program, but stumbled or fell four times during the free skate, and finished in fourth place

Pairs skating – Sui Wenjing and Han Cong (China)

Ice dance – Gabriella Papadakis and Guillaume Cizeron (France). 10th Lilah Fear and Lewis Gibson

'''Freestyle skiing'''

Men’s halfpipe – Nico Porteous (New Zealand)

Women’s big air – Eileen Gu (China). 5th Kirsty Muir

Women’s halfpipe – Eileen Gu

Women’s moguls – Jakara Anthony (Australia)

'''Ice hockey'''

Men’s quarter finals – Slovakia bt USA

Men’s final – Finland bt ROC. First ever ice hockey Olympic gold medal for Finland

Women’s final – Canada bt USA

'''Luge'''

Woman’s singles – Natalie Geisenberger (Germany). Third successive gold medal

Germany won all four gold medals

'''Nordic combined'''

Jorgen Graabak (Norway) won medals in all three events

Jarl Magnus Riiber (Norway) was leading in the combined large hill/10km event but went the wrong way, eventually finishing in eighth place

'''Short track speed skating'''

Men’s 500m – Shaoang Liu (Hungary)

Women’s 1000m – Suzanne Schulting (Netherlands). Set a new world record time in the quarter-finals

2000m mixed relay – China

'''Skeleton'''

Men’s – Christopher Grotheer (Germany)

Woman’s – Hannah Neise (Germany). 19th Laura Deas

First time in history of Women's Skeleton at the Olympics that no British athlete has won a medal

'''Ski jumping'''

Men’s normal hill individual – Ryoyu Kobayashi (Japan)

Men’s large hill individual – Marius Lindvik (Norway)

Men’s large hill team – Austria

Women’s normal hill individual – Ursa Bogataj (Slovenia)

Mixed normal hill team – Slovenia

'''Snowboarding'''

Men’s halfpipe – Ayumu Hirono (Japan). 4th Sean White

Sean White's last Olympics as he announced his upcoming retirement before the games began

Women’s big air – Anna Gasser (Austria). Retained her title. Silver – Zoi Sadowski-Synnott (New Zealand)

Women’s halfpipe – Chloe Kim (USA). Retained her title

Women’s slopestyle – Zoi Sadowski-Synnott. She landed a huge 1080 spin with her final trick. This was New Zealand's first gold medal at the Winter Olympics

Women’s snowboard cross – Lindsey Jacobellis (USA). Charlotte Bankes eliminated in quarter-finals

Lindsey Jacobellis won the silver medal at the 2006 Games, when she started celebrating her win too early and was overtaken at the finish line

Women’s parallel giant slalom – Ester Ledecka (Czech Republic). Retained her title

Mixed team snowboard cross – USA (Nick Baumgartner and Lindsey Jacobellis)

'''Speed skating'''

Men’s 5000m – Nils van der Poel (Sweden). 6th Sven Kramer

Men’s 10,000m – Nils van der Poel, in a new world record time

Men’s mass start – Bart Swings (Belgium)

Women’s 1500m – Irene Wust (Netherlands). Wust has won at least one gold medal in each of five consecutive Winter Olympic appearances

Women’s 3000m – Irene Schouten (Netherlands). Silver – Francesca Lollobrigida (Italy). Actress Gina Lollobrigida is her great-aunt

Women’s 5000m – Irene Schouten

Women’s mass start – Irene Schouten

== 2026 Milan Cortina ==
Milan and Cortina d’Ampezzo were elected in June 2019, at the 134th IOC Session in Lausanne. Stockholm-Are made an unsuccessful bid. This was the first Olympic Games featuring two host cities. The Games took place from 6 to 22 February 2026

Ski mountaineering debuted as a Winter Olympics event

Opening ceremony – held in San Siro Olympic Stadium. Games opened by President Sergio Mattarella. Mascots – anthropomorphic stoats Tina (Olympics) and Milo (Paralympics). GB flagbearers – Brad Hall and Lilah Fear

92 nations took part

Athletes from Russia and Belarus competed under the banner of "Individual Neutral Athletes" (AIN)

116 gold medals were on offer across 16 disciplines (8 sports)

Milan primarily hosted the ice events, and the remaining events were hosted in clusters around Cortina, Livigno, and Fiemme

Closing ceremony – held in Verona Olympic Arena. GB flagbearers – Matt Weston and Charlotte Bankes

Final medal table – 1st Norway (18-12-11) 41 2nd USA (12-12-9) 33 3rd Netherlands (10-7-3) 20 15th GB (3-1-1) 5

Norway finished at the top of the medal table for the fourth successive Winter Olympics, setting a new record for the largest number of gold and total medals won at a single Winter Olympics

Norwegian cross-country skier Johannes Hosflot Klaebo won the most gold and overall medals, with six medals (all gold). In doing so, he set the record for the most gold medals won at a single Winter Olympics and most career gold medals won by a Winter Olympic athlete (11 gold medals total)

Brazil won the first medal and first gold medal in their Winter Olympic history; also the first tropical, Latin American and South American National Olympic Committee to win a medal at the Winter Olympics. Georgia also won the first medal in their Winter Olympic history

Italian short track speed skater Arianna Fontana became the first woman to win Olympic medals in six straight Winter Olympics

Ukrainian skeleton racer Vladyslav Heraskevych was banned from competing for wearing a "helmet of memory" with 24 images of Ukrainian athletes killed in the Russian invasion

'''Alpine skiing'''

Men’s downhill – Franjo von Allmen (Switzerland). First gold medal to be awarded

Men’s super-G – Franjo von Allmen

Men’s giant slalom – Lucas Pinheiro Braathen (Brazil)

Men’s slalom – Loic Meillard (Switzerland)

Women’s downhill – Breezy Johnson (USA)

Women’s super-G – Federica Brignone (Italy)

Women’s giant slalom – Federica Brignone

Women’s slalom – Mikaela Shiffrin

'''Biathlon'''

Men’s sprint – Quentin Fillon Maillet (France)

Men’s mass start – Johannes Dale-Skjevdal (Norway)

Men’s individual – Johan-Olav Botn (Norway)

Men’s pursuit – Martin Ponsiluoma (Sweden)

Women’s sprint – Maren Kirkeeide (Norway)

Women’s mass start – Oceane Michelon (France)

Women’s individual – Julia Simon (France)

Women’s pursuit – Lisa Vittozzi (Italy)

'''Bobsleigh'''

Two-man bob – Germany

Four-man bob – Germany. 7th GB, piloted by Brad Hall

Women’s monobob – Elana Meyers Taylor (USA)

Two-woman bob – Germany

Johannes Lochner piloted both the winning German teams

'''Cross-country skiing'''

Men’s 10km freestyle – Johannes Hosflot Klaebo (Norway)

Men’s 20km skiathlon – Johannes Hosflot Klaebo

Men’s 50km classical – Johannes Hosflot Klaebo

Men’s sprint classical – Johannes Hosflot Klaebo

Women’s 10km freestyle – Frida Karlsson (Sweden)

Women’s 20km skiathlon – Frida Karlsson

Women’s 50km classical – Ebba Andersson (Sweden)

Johannes Hosflot Klaebo was also a member of two winning relay teams, winning a total of six gold medals at the Games. He now has a total of 11 gold medals

'''Curling'''

Men’s final – Canada (skip – Brad Jacobs) bt GB (skip – Bruce Mouat)

Women’s final – Sweden bt Switzerland

Mixed doubles – Sweden bt USA. Bronze – Italy bt GB (Bruce Mouat and Jenn Dods)

Mixed doubles started on 4 February, two days before the Opening Ceremony

'''Figure skating'''

Men’s singles – Mikhail Shaidorov (Kazakhstan). 8th Ilia Malinin

Women’s singles – Alysa Liu (USA)

Pairs skating – Riku Miura and Ryuichi Kihara (Japan)

Ice dance – Laurence Fournier Beaudry and Guillaume Cizeron (France). 7th Lilah Fear and Lewis Gibson

'''Freestyle skiing'''

Men’s aerials – Wang Xindi (China)

Men’s big air – Tormod Frostap (Norway)

Men’s halfpipe – Alex Ferreira (USA)

Men’s slopestyle – Birk Ruud (Norway)

Men’s moguls – Cooper Woods-Topalovic (Australia)

Men’s dual moguls – Mikael Kingsbury (Canada)

Men’s ski cross – Simone Deromedis (Italy)

Women’s aerials – Xu Mengtao (China)

Women’s big air – Megan Oldham (Canada). Silver – Eileen Gu (China). 4th Kirsty Muir

Women’s halfpipe – Eileen Gu. Bronze – Zoe Atkin

Women’s slopestyle – Mathilde Gremaud (Switzerland). Silver – Eileen Gu. 4th Kirsty Muir

Women’s moguls – Elizabeth Lemley (USA)

Women’s dual moguls – Jakara Anthony (Australia)

Women’s ski cross – Daniela Maier (Germany)

'''Ice hockey'''

Men’s final – USA bt Canada

Women’s final – USA bt Canada

'''Luge'''

Men’s singles – Max Langenhan (Germany)

Men’s doubles – Italy

Women’s singles – Julia Taubitz (Germany)

Women’s doubles – Italy

'''Nordic combined'''

Individual large hill/10 km – Jens Luras Oftebro (Norway)

Individual normal hill/10 km – Jens Luras Oftebro

Team – Norway

'''Short track speed skating'''

Men’s 500m – Steven Dubois (Canada)

Men’s 1000m – Jens van 't Wout (Netherlands)

Men’s 1500m – Jens van 't Wout

Women’s 500m – Xandra Velzeboer (Netherlands). Silver – Arianna Fontana (Italy)

Women's 1000m – Xandra Velzeboer

Women’s 1500m – Kim Gil-li (South Korea)

'''Skeleton'''

Men’s – Matt Weston. 9th Marcus Wyatt

Woman’s – Janine Flock (Austria). 5th Tabitha Stoecker

Mixed team – GB (Tabitha Stoecker and Matt Weston). 4th GB (Freya Tarbit and Marcus Wyatt)

'''Ski jumping'''

Men’s normal hill individual – Philipp Raimund (Germany)

Men’s large hill individual – Domen Prevc (Slovenia)

Men’s large hill team – Austria

Women’s normal hill individual – Anna Odine Strom (Norway)

Women’s large hill individual – Anna Odine Strom

Mixed normal hill team – Slovenia (team included Domen Prevc and Nika Prevc)

'''Ski mountaineering'''

Men’s – Oriol Cardona (Spain)

Women’s – Marianne Fatton (Switzerland)

Mixed team – France

'''Snowboarding'''

Men’s big air – Kira Kimura (Japan)

Men’s halfpipe – Yuto Totsuka (Japan)

Men’s slopestyle – Su Yiming (China)

Men’s parallel giant slalom – Benjamin Karl (Austria)

Men’s snowboard cross – Alessandro Hammerle (Austria)

Women’s big air – Kokomo Murase (Japan). 4th Mia Brookes

Women’s halfpipe – Choi Ga-on (South Korea)

Women’s slopestyle – Mari Fukada (Japan)

Women’s parallel giant slalom – Zuzana Maderova (Czech Republic)

Women’s snowboard cross – Josie Baff (Australia)

Mixed team snowboard cross – GB (Huw Nightingale and Charlotte Bankes). First-ever GB gold medal on snow

'''Speed skating'''

Men’s 500m – Jordan Stolz (USA)

Men’s 1000m – Jordan Stolz

Men’s 1500m – Ning Zhongyan (China)

Men’s 5000m – Sander Eitrem (Norway)

Men’s 10,000m – Metodej Jílek (Czech Republic)

Men’s mass start – Jorrit Bergsma (Netherlands)

Women’s 500m – Femke Kok (Netherlands)

Women’s 1000m – Jutta Leerdam (Netherlands)

Women’s 1500m – Antoinette Rijpma-de Jong (Netherlands)

Women’s 3000m – Francesca Lollobrigida (Italy)

Women’s 5000m – Francesca Lollobrigida

Women’s mass start – Marijke Groenewoud (Netherlands)

'''2030 French Alps''' (XXVI)

The French Alps' bid was approved during the 142nd IOC Session in Paris in July 2024. The Games are scheduled to take place from 1 to 17 February 2030

== List of medals won by Great Britain ==
1924 – Gold, curling. Silver, four-man bob. Bronze – women’s figure skating (Ethel Muckelt) and ice hockey

1928 – Bronze, skeleton (David Northesk)

1936 – Gold, ice hockey. Silver – women’s figure skating (Cecilia Colledge). Bronze – four-man bobsleigh

1948 – Bronze, skeleton (John Crammond)

1952 – Gold, women’s figure skating (Jeanette Altwegg)

1964 – Gold, two-man bobsleigh (Tony Nash and Robin Dixon)

1976 – Gold, men’s figure skating (John Curry)

1980 – Gold, men’s figure skating (Robin Cousins)

1984 – Gold, ice dance (Torvill and Dean)

1994 – Bronze, 500m short-track speed skating (Nicky Gooch), ice dance (Torvill and Dean)

1998 – Bronze, four-man bobsleigh

2002 – Gold, women’s curling (skip – Rhona Martin). Bronze – women’s skeleton (Alex Coomber)

2006 – Silver, women’s skeleton (Shelley Rudman)

2010 – Gold, women’s skeleton (Amy Williams)

2014 – Gold, women’s skeleton (Lizzy Yarnold). Silver, men’s curling (skip – David Murdoch). Bronze, women’s slopestyle snowboard (Jenny Jones), women’s curling (skip – Eve Muirhead)

In March 2019, the GB four-man bobsleigh team (John Jackson, Bruce Tasker, Joel Fearon and Stuart Benson) who finished fifth in 2014 were upgraded to bronze, after two Russian crews were disqualified for doping

2018 – Gold, women’s skeleton (Lizzy Yarnold). Bronze, women’s skeleton (Laura Deas), men’s skeleton (Dom Parsons), men’s big air (Billy Morgan), women’s ski slopestyle (Isabel Atkin)

2022 – Gold, women’s curling (skip – Eve Muirhead). Silver, men’s curling (skip – Bruce Mouat)

2026 – Gold, men’s skeleton (Matt Weston), mixed team skeleton (Tabitha Stoecker and Matt Weston), mixed team snowboard cross (Charlotte Bankes and Huw Nightingale). Silver, men’s curling (skip – Bruce Mouat). Bronze, women’s freeski halfpipe (Zoe Atkin)

== Olympic trivia ==
Most gold medals –

11 – Johannes Hosflot Klaebo

8 – Bjorn Daehlie, Ole Einar Bjorndahlen, Marit Bjorgen

Most medals –

15 – Marit Bjorgen

14 – Ole Einar Bjorndahlen, Arianna Fontana

2026 saw the first-ever GB gold medal on snow and was the first Games where GB won more than one gold medal

Liechtenstein is the only country to have won Medals in the Winter Olympics but not at the Summer Olympics

India is the biggest country, in terms of population, to have contested the Winter Olympics but never won a medal

Ice stock sport, also known as Bavarian curling, was a demonstration event in 1936 and 1964

The first participation of a warm weather nation in the Winter Games was Mexico, which made its Winter debut at the 1928 Winter Olympics with a five-man bobsleigh team

The first truly tropical nation to compete in the Winter Olympic Games is the Philippines, which sent two alpine skiers to the 1972 Winter Olympics

The 1988 Winter Olympics in Calgary attracted a large number of tropical nations. The Jamaican Bobsled Team became a fan favourite at these Games and were later the inspiration behind the 1993 motion picture ''Cool Runnings''. In the 1994 Games, the Jamaican four-man sled placed a creditable fourteenth, ahead of the United States and Russia, while a Jamaican bobsledder won silver for Canada in 2006

Beginning with the 1988 Winter Olympics, Bernhard Russi has been noted as the designer of the downhill courses for the Olympics

Romania has only won one medal, a bronze in the two-man bob in 1968

'''Alpine Skiing'''

Best GB alpine skiing finish was Gina Hathorn who was fourth in the slalom in 1968

Davina Galica participated in her first Olympic games at Innsbruck in 1964, competing in downhill skiing and the slalom. She also participated at Grenoble in 1968 and Sapporo in 1972. On both occasions Galica was captain of the British Women’s Olympic Ski Team, and finished in the top-ten in the Giant Slalom (8th and 7th)

Alpine skiing debuted at the Winter Olympics in 1936; the combined was the only event. The combined was one of three medal events included in the next Olympics in 1948, along with downhill and slalom. The combined used the results of a downhill race with two runs of combined slalom. With the introduction of the giant slalom in 1952, the combined event disappeared from the Olympics for four decades, until re-introduced in 1988. The winner is the skier with the fastest aggregate time of the three races (until the 1990s, a complicated point system was used to determine placings in the combined event)

In 2005, the International Ski Federation (FIS) introduced the super combined, consisting of a single run of slalom and normally a shortened downhill run (or a super G run). The super combined format debuted at the Winter Olympics in 2010

Erika Schinegger was the world champion women's downhill skier in 1966. As she was preparing for the 1968 Winter Olympics, a medical test by the IOC determined that Schinegger was male, with internal male sex organs, and disqualified him

Noel Harrison represented GB in giant slalom in 1952 and 1956. Had a Top 10 hit with ''The Windmills of Your Mind'' in 1968

'''Biathlon'''

Uschi Disl was a 19 year veteran of biathlon and was a five time Olympian, with two Olympic gold medals from the 4 x 7.5 km relays in 1998 and 2002. She also has four silver medals and three bronze medals. Nicknamed ‘Turbo-Disl’

Biathlon debuted at the 1960 Winter Olympics with the men's 20 km individual event. At the 1968 Winter Olympics, the men's 4 x 7.5 km relay debuted, followed by the 10 km sprint event at the 1980 Winter Olympics. Beginning at the 1992 Winter Olympics in Albertville, women's biathlon debuted with the 15 km individual, 3 x 7.5 km relay (4 x 7.5 km during 1994 – 2002, and 4 x 6 km in 2006), and 7.5 km sprint. A pursuit race (12.5 km for men and 10 km for women) was included at the 2002 Winter Olympics. The top 60 finishers of the sprint race (10 km for men and 7.5 km for women) would qualify for the pursuit event. The sprint winner starts the race, followed by each successive biathlete at the same time interval he/she trailed the sprint winner in that event. At the 2006 Winter Olympics, a mass start (15 km for men and 12.5 km for women) was introduced where the top 30 biathletes from the previous four events were allowed to start together for the competition

Prior to the biathlon debut at the 1960 Winter Olympics, there was a military patrol event that was held at four Winter Olympic Games: 1924, 1928, 1936, and 1948. Medals were awarded for military patrol in 1924, but it was a demonstration event for the other three Games

Men’s 10 km biathlon and women’s 7.5 km – five shots prone at first stop, five shots standing at second stop. Each missed target is penalized by forcing the skier to ski a 150m penalty loop

Men’s 20 km biathlon and women’s 15 km – five shots prone at first and third stops, five shots standing at second and fourth stops. Each missed target incurs a one-minute penalty

In a biathlon relay, each skier has to hit five shots out of eight, and skis a 150m penalty loop for each miss beyond three

'''Bobsleigh'''

Prince Albert of Monaco was a bobsled driver in five Olympics, between 1988 and 2002

In 1984 bobsledder Carl-Erik Eriksson (Sweden) became the first person to compete in six Winter Olympics

Andre Lange is a retired German bobsledder and the most successful bob pilot of all time who competed at senior level from 1998 to 2010. Competing in three Winter Olympics, he won four gold medals

Winston Watts is a member of the Jamaica national bobsleigh team. He has been a participant at four Olympics, most recently the 2014 Winter Olympics

'''Cross-country skiing'''

Cross-country skiing is also known as langlauf. Two skiing techniques are used in Nordic events – classical (diagonal stride) and freestyle (skating style)

Men’s classical cross-country race is either 15 km or 18 km

In the men’s combined pursuit event, skiers race 10 km using the classical technique. Then, setting out on a staggered start based on the results of the first race, they race another 10 km freestyle. Prior to 2002, this was a two-day event and the second event was 15 km rather than 10 km

In the women’s combined pursuit event, skiers race 5 km using the classical technique. Then, setting out on a staggered start based on the results of the first race, they race another 5 km freestyle. Prior to 2002, this was a two-day event and the second event was 10 km rather than 5 km

Men’s 30 km cross-country was an event from 1956 to 2002 (freestyle, but some races used classical style)

Men’s 10 km classical cross-country was an event from 1992 to 1998. Won by Bjorn Daehlie in 1994 and 1998

Women’s 5 km classical cross-country was an event from 1964 to 1998

Women’s 20 km freestyle cross-country changed to 30 km in 1992, classical in 1994

In 2011, the name of the pursuit event was changed to skiathlon

Sixten Jernberg (Sweden) won nine medals, including four gold medals, in cross-country skiing. Won the 50 km classical in 1956 and 1964, and the 30 km in 1960

Russian cross-country skier Lyubov Yegorova won a total of nine medals at the Winter Olympics, earning six golds and three silver medals. She was the most successful athlete at both the 1992 and 1994 Winter Olympics. Yegorova's career ended at the 1997 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships when she was disqualified for doping on bromantan, an anabolic steroid

Raisa Smetanina is a cross-country skier and the first woman in history to win ten Winter Olympic medals, including four gold medals. Smetanina took part in five Olympics, representing the USSR team four times and the Unified Team once

Stefania Belmondo is an Italian cross-country skier who won ten Winter Olympic medals, including two gold medals, in 1992 and 2002

Passing skier shouts “track” in cross country skiing

'''Curling'''

In February 2006, a few days before the start of the 2006 Winter Olympics, the International Olympic Committee ruled that the curling medals were part of the official Olympic programme in 1924, and not a demonstration event as many authoritative sources had previously claimed

Curling was a demonstration sport at the 1932 Games, and then again after a lengthy absence in 1988 and 1992. The sport was finally added to the official program for the 1998 Nagano Games

'''Figure skating'''

Figure skating was first contested as an Olympic sport at the 1908 Summer Olympics

Ice dance joined as a medal sport in 1976 and a team event debuted at the 2014 Olympics

'''Freestyle skiing'''

Freestyle skiing has been contested at the Winter Olympic Games since 1992. It was a demonstration sport at the 1988 Winter Olympics, with moguls, aerials, and ballet events. Moguls became an official medal sport at the 1992 games, while aerials and ballet were still demonstration events. At the 1994 Games, aerials also became an official medal event and the ski ballet competition was dropped. For the 2010 Winter Olympics, ski cross was added to the program while the 2014 Winter Olympics had ski halfpipe added

Aerial competitors receive a score based on jump takeoff (20%), jump form (50%) and landing (30%). A degree of difficulty (DD) is then factored in for a total score. Skiers are judged on a cumulative score of two jumps

Mogul competitors receive a score based on turns (50%), two aerial manouvres (25%) and time (25%)

'''Ice hockey'''

Tied ice hockey playoff games are followed by ten minutes of sudden death overtime. If the game remains tied, it is decided by a shootout. If the game remains tied after the first three shooters, any player can be chosen to shoot any number of times

An Olympic ice hockey rink is wider than an NHL rink

In 1987 the International Ice Hockey Federation voted to make all professionals, including those from the NHL, eligible for the Olympics. The NHL owners refused to allow their best players to leave in the middle of the season. The 1998 Games were the first in which the best professional players in the world took part

'''Luge'''

Luge was first contested at the 1964 Winter Olympics

Germany has dominated the competition

'''Nordic combined'''

The Nordic combined events have been contested since 1924. The first competition involved 18 km cross-country skiing, followed by ski jumping (two jumps on a normal hill). Whoever earned the most points from both competitions won the event. At the 1952 Winter Olympics, the ski jumping was held first, followed by 18 km cross-country skiing. The cross-country skiing portion was reduced to 15 km at the 1956 Winter Olympics. At the 1988 Winter Olympics the scoring was changed with the Gundersen method, meaning the 15 km cross country portion would go from an interval start race to a pursuit race, so that whoever crossed the finish line first won the event

The Nordic combined team event with a 3 x 10 km cross country relay started at the 1988 Winter Olympics, changing to the current 4 x 5 km cross-country relay at the 1998 Winter Olympics. The starting order is based on the results of the ski jumping

The 7.5 km Nordic combined sprint event was added at the 2002 Winter Olympics

'''Short track speed skating'''

Short track speed skating races are held on a 111 metres oval track

Men’s short track relay is raced over 5000 metres

Women’s short track relay is raced over 3000 metres

Kim Yun-Mi (Korea) won her first Olympic gold medal at the 1994 Winter Olympics in Lillehammer in short track at only thirteen years of age. She is the youngest female Olympic Gold Medalist and the youngest Winter Olympic Gold Medalist

There were two Chinese short track skaters named Yang Yang. Originally, Yang Yang (A) was known as Yang Yang (L) for ‘large’ as she is older than Yang Yang (S) (for ‘small’); however, she objected to the ‘L’ identifier, changing it to ‘A’ for ‘August’, her birth month

'''Skeleton'''

Skeleton is similar to luge, but the competitor rides head-first and prone (lying face down) on a flat sled

'''Ski jumping'''

Individual Olympic competition in ski jumping consists of a training jump and two scored jumps. The team event consists of four members of the same nation, who each jump twice

Jumps are scored according to distance and style (scored by five judges)

In 1964 the ski jump was split into normal hill (70m jump) and large hill (90m jump)

Japan is the only non-European nation to win a ski jumping gold medal

Prior to 1994, the lowest score of each round was dropped for each team in the ski jumping team event

In April 2011 the International Olympic Committee officially accepted women ski jumping into the official Olympic program for the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi

Janne Ahonen (Finland) has never won an Olympic medal from an individual ski jumping competition: he has placed 4th three times. He won silver medals in team competitions in 2002 and 2006

'''Snowboarding'''

Snowboarding was one of five new sports or disciplines added to the Winter Olympic program between 1992 and 2002, and was the only one not to have been a previous medal or demonstration event. In 1998, four events, two for men and two for women, were held in two specialities: the giant slalom, a downhill event similar to giant slalom skiing; and the half-pipe, in which competitors perform tricks while going from one side of a semi-circular ditch to the other. Canadian Ross Rebagliati won the men's giant slalom and became the first athlete to win a gold medal in snowboarding. For the 2002 Winter Olympics, the giant slalom was dropped in favour of the parallel giant slalom, an event that involves head-to-head racing. In 2006, a third event, the snowboard cross, was held for the first time. In this event, competitors race against each other down a course with jumps, beams and other obstacles

The International Snowboard Federation (ISF) set the standard for snowboarding competition, which contributed to the development of it as an Olympic sport in the 1998 Winter Olympics. In a controversial move, the International Olympic Committee recognized the Federation International Ski (FIS) as the sport's official governing body. Three-time world champion Terje Haakonsen boycotted the Olympics as a result of the FIS being appointed to oversee the officiating

'''Speed skating'''

All Olympic speed skating races are held on a 400 metres oval track

Bonnie Blair was the first American to earn six medals in the Winter Olympics (five gold and one bronze)

Karin Enke won eight medals at the Winter Olympics (three gold, four silver and one bronze)

Gunda Niemann-Stirnemann won eight medals at the Winter Olympics (three gold, four silver and one bronze)

With a total of five Olympic gold medals, two silver, and two bronze medals, speed skater Claudia Pechstein is the most successful German Winter Olympian of all time. Pechstein is the first female Winter Olympian to win medals in five consecutive Olympics (1992 to 2006)

Speed skaters must be 15 by 1 July of the Olympic Year

Sport and Leisure/Sport 2026

2026-03-25T22:42:01Z

QRNeditor: Added notes for February

Entertainment/Lists of Winners of UK Reality TV Shows

2026-03-13T15:35:37Z

QRNeditor: Added winner of 2026 Great Pottery Throw Down

== Big Brother ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2000
|Craig Phillips
|-
|2001
|Brian Dowling
|-
|2002
|Kate Lawler
|-
|2003
|Cameron Stout
|-
|2004
|Nadia Almada
|-
|2005
|Anthony Hutton
|-
|2006
|Pete Bennett
|-
|2007
|Brian Belo
|-
|2008
|Rachel Rice
|-
|2009
|Sophie Reade
|-
|2010
|Josie Gibson
|-
|2011
|Aaron Allard-Morgan
|-
|2012
|Luke Anderson
|-
|2013
|Sam Evans
|-
|2014
|Helen Wood
|-
|2015
|Chloe Wilburn
|-
|2016
|Jason Burrill
|-
|2017
|Isabelle Warburton
|-
|2018
|Cameron Cole
|-
|2023
|Jordan Sangha
|-
|2024
|Ali Bromley
|-
|2025
|Richard Storry
|}

== Celebrity Big Brother ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2001
|Jack Dee
|-
|2002
|Mark Owen
|-
|2005
|Bez Berry
|-
|2006
|Chantelle Houghton
|-
|2007
|Shilpa Shetty
|-
|2009
|Ulrika Jonsson
|-
|2010
|Alex Reid
|-
|2011
|Paddy Doherty
|-
|2012
|Denise Welch
|-
|2012
|Julian Clary
|-
|2013
|Rylan Clark
|-
|2013
|Charlotte Crosby
|-
|2014
|Jim Davidson
|-
|2014
|Gary Busey
|-
|2015
|Katie Price
|-
|2015
|James Hill
|-
|2016
|Scotty T
|-
|2016
|Stephen Bear
|-
|2017
|Coleen Nolan
|-
|2017
|Sarah Harding
|-
|2018
|Courtney Act
|-
|2018
|Ryan Thomas
|-
|2024
|David Potts
|-
|2025
|Jack P. Shepherd
|}

== I’m a Celebrity…Get Me Out of Here! ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2002
|Tony Blackburn
|-
|2003
|Phil Tuffnell
|-
|2004
|Kerry Katona
|-
|2004
|Joe Pasquale
|-
|2005
|Carol Thatcher
|-
|2006
|Matt Willis
|-
|2007
|Christopher Biggins
|-
|2008
|Joe Swash
|-
|2009
|Gino D’Acampo
|-
|2010
|Stacey Solomon
|-
|2011
|Dougie Poynter
|-
|2012
|Charlie Brooks
|-
|2013
|Kian Egan
|-
|2014
|Carl Fogarty
|-
|2015
|Vicky Pattison
|-
|2016
|Scarlett Moffatt
|-
|2017
|Georgia Toffolo
|-
|2018
|Harry Redknapp
|-
|2019
|Jacqueline Jossa
|-
|2020
|Giovanna Fletcher
|-
|2021
|Danny Miller
|-
|2022
|Jill Scott
|-
|2023
|Sam Thompson
|-
|2024
|Danny Jones
|-
|2025
|Angry Ginge
|}

== Love Island ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2005
|Fran Cosgrave and Jayne Middlemiss (Celebrity Love Island)
|-
|2006
|Calum Best and Bianca Gascoigne (Celebrity Love Island)
|-
|2015
|Max Morley and Jessica Hayes
|-
|2016
|Nathan Massey and Cara De La Hoyde
|-
|2017
|Kem Cetinay and Amber Davies
|-
|2018
|Jack Fincham and Dani Dyer
|-
|2019
|Greg O’Shea and Amber Gill
|-
|2020
|Finlay Tapp and Paige Turley
|-
|2021
|Liam Reardon and Millie Court
|-
|2022
|Davide Sanclimenti and Ekin-Su Cülcüloğlu
|-
|2023 (March)
|Kai Fagan and Sanam Harrinanan
|-
|2023 (July)
|Jess Harding and Sammy Root
|-
|2024
|Josh Oyinsan and Mimii Ngulube
|-
|2025
|Cach Mercer and Toni Laites
|}

== Popstars ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2001
|Hear’Say
|-
|2002
|Girls Aloud and One True Voice (Popstars: The Rivals)
|}

== Pop Idol ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2002
|Will Young
|-
|2003
|Michelle McManus
|}

== The X Factor ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2004
|Steve Brookstein
|-
|2005
|Shayne Ward
|-
|2006
|Leona Lewis
|-
|2007
|Leon Jackson
|-
|2008
|Alexandra Burke
|-
|2009
|Joe McElderry
|-
|2010
|Matt Cardle
|-
|2011
|Little Mix
|-
|2012
|James Arthur
|-
|2013
|Sam Bailey
|-
|2014
|Ben Haenow
|-
|2015
|Louisa Johnson
|-
|2016
|Matt Terry
|-
|2017
|Rak-Su
|-
|2108
|Dalton Harris
|}

== Strictly Come Dancing ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2004
|Natasha Kaplinsky and Brendan Cole
|-
|2004
|Jill Halfpenny and Darren Bennett
|-
|2005
|Darren Gough and Lilia Kopylova
|-
|2006
|Mark Ramprakash and Karen Hardy
|-
|2007
|Alesha Dixon and Matthew Cutler
|-
|2008
|Tom Chambers and Camilla Dallerup
|-
|2009
|Chris Hollins and Ola Jordan
|-
|2010
|Kara Tointon and Artem Chigvintsev
|-
|2011
|Harry Judd and Aliona Vilani
|-
|2012
|Louis Smith and Flavia Cacace
|-
|2013
|Abbey Clancy and Aljaz Skorjanec
|-
|2014
|Caroline Flack and Pasha Kovalev
|-
|2015
|Jay McGuiness and Aliona Vilani
|-
|2016
|Ore Oduba and Joanne Clifton
|-
|2017
|Joe McFadden and Katya Jones
|-
|2018
|Stacey Dooley and Kevin Clifton
|-
|2019
|Kelvin Fletcher and Oti Mabuse
|-
|2020
|Bill Bailey and Oti Mabuse
|-
|2021
|Rose Ayling-Ellis and Giovanni Pernice
|-
|2022
|Hamza Yassin and Jowita Przystał
|-
|2023
|Ellie Lynch and Vito Coppola
|-
|2024
|Chris McCausland and Dianne Buswell
|-
|2025
|Karen Carney and Carlos Gu
|}

== Dancing on Ice ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2006
|Gaynor Faye and Daniel Whiston
|-
|2007
|Kyran Bracken and Melanie Lambert
|-
|2008
|Suzanne Shaw and Matt Evers
|-
|2009
|Ray Quinn and Maria Filippov
|-
|2010
|Hayley Tamaddon and Daniel Whitson
|-
|2011
|Sam Attwater and Brianne Delcourt
|-
|2012
|Matthew Wolfenden and Nina Ulanova
|-
|2013
|Beth Tweddle and Daniel Whitson
|-
|2014
|Ray Quinn and Maria Filippov
|-
|2018
|Jake Quickenden and Vanessa Bauer
|-
|2019
|James Jordan and Alexandra Schauman
|-
|2020
|Joe Swash and Alex Murphy
|-
|2021
|Sonny Jay and Angela Egan
|-
|2022
|Regan Gascoigne and Karina Manta
|-
|2023
|Nile Wilson and Olivia Smart
|-
|2024
|Ryan Thomas and Amani Fancy
|-
|2025
|Sam Aston and Molly Lanaghan
|}

== The Apprentice ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2005
|Tim Campbell
|-
|2006
|Michelle Dewberry
|-
|2007
|Simon Ambrose
|-
|2008
|Lee McQueen
|-
|2009
|Yasmini Siadatan
|-
|2010
|Stella English
|-
|2011
|Tom Pellereau
|-
|2012
|Ricky Martin
|-
|2013
|Leah Totton
|-
|2014
|Mark Wright
|-
|2015
|Joseph Valente
|-
|2016
|Alana Spencer
|-
|2017
|Sarah Lynn and James White
|-
|2018
|Sian Gabbidon
|-
|2019
|Carina Lepore
|-
|2020
|Not held due to COVID-19
|-
|2021
|Not held due to COVID-19
|-
|2022
|Harpreet Kaur
|-
|2023
|Marnie Swindells
|-
|2024
|Rachel Woolford
|-
|2025
|Dean Franklin
|}

== Britain's Got Talent ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2007
|Paul Potts
|-
|2008
|George Sampson
|-
|2009
|Diversity
|-
|2010
|Spelbound
|-
|2011
|Jai McDowell
|-
|2012
|Ashleigh Butler and her dog Pudsey
|-
|2013
|Attraction
|-
|2104
|Collabro
|-
|2015
|Jules O'Dwyer and her dog Matisse
|-
|2016
|Richard Jones
|-
|2017
|Tokio Myers
|-
|2018
|Lost Voice Guy
|-
|2019
|Colin Thackery
|-
|2020
|Jon Courtenay
|-
|2021
|Not held due to COVID-19
|-
|2022
|Alex Blake
|-
|2023
|Viggo Venn
|-
|2024
|Syndie Christmas
|-
|2025
|Harry Moulding
|}

== The Voice UK ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2012
|Leanne Mitchell
|-
|2013
|Andrea Begley
|-
|2014
|Jermain Jackman
|-
|2015
|Stevie McCrorie
|-
|2016
|Kevin Simm
|-
|2017
|Mo Adeniran
|-
|2018
|Ruti Olajugbagbe
|-
|2019
|Molly Hocking
|-
|2020
|Blessing Chitapa
|-
|2021
|Craig Eddie
|-
|2022
|Anthonia Edwards
|-
|2023
|Jen and Liv
|-
|2024
|AVA
|}

== Celebrity MasterChef ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2006
|Matt Dawson
|-
|2007
|Nadia Sawalha
|-
|2008
|Liz McClarnon
|-
|2009
|Jayne Middlemiss
|-
|2010
|Lisa Faulkner
|-
|2011
|Phil Vickery
|-
|2012
|Emma Kennedy
|-
|2013
|Adrian Edmondson
|-
|2104
|Sophie Thompson
|-
|2015
|Kimberly Wyatt
|-
|2016
|Alexis Conran
|-
|2017
|Angellica Bell
|-
|2018
|John Partridge
|-
|2019
|Greg Rutherford
|-
|2020
|Riyadh Khalaf
|-
|2021
|Kadeena Cox
|-
|2022
|Lisa Snowdon
|-
|2023
|Wynne Evans
|-
|2024
|Vito Coppola
|-
|2025
|Ginger Johnson
|}

== The Great British Bake Off ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2010
|Edd Kimber
|-
|2011
|Joanne Wheatley
|-
|2012
|John Whaite
|-
|2013
|Frances Quinn
|-
|2014
|Nancy Birtwhistle
|-
|2015
|Nadiya Hussain
|-
|2016
|Candice Brown
|-
|2017
|Sophie Faldo
|-
|2018
|Rahul Mandal
|-
|2019
|David Atherton
|-
|2020
|Peter Sawkins
|-
|2021
|Giuseppe Dell'Anno
|-
|2022
|Syabira Yusoff
|-
|2023
|Matty Edgell
|-
|2024
|Georgie Grasso
|-
|2025
|Jasmine Mitchell
|}

== The Jump ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2014
|Joe McElderry
|-
|2015
|Joey Essex
|-
|2016
|Ben Cohen
|-
|2017
|Spencer Matthews
|}

== The Great British Sewing Bee ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2013
|Ann Rowley
|-
|2014
|Heather Jacks
|-
|2015
|Matt Chapple
|-
|2016
|Charlotte Newland
|-
|2019
|Juliet Uzor
|-
|2020
|Clare Bradley
|-
|2021
|Serena Baker
|-
|2022
|Annie Phillips
|-
|2023
|Asmaa Al-allak
|-
|2024
|Luke-Matthew Iveson
|-
|2025
|Caz
|}

== The Great Pottery Throw Down ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2015
|Matthew Wilcock
|-
|2017
|Ryan Barrett
|-
|2020
|Rosa Wiland Holmes
|-
|2021
|Jodie Neale
|-
|2022
|AJ Simpson
|-
|2023
|Lois Gunn
|-
|2024
|Donna Bloye
|-
|2025
|James Stanley Watson
|-
|2026
|Fynn Allen
|}

== RuPaul’s Drag Race UK ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2019
|The Vivienne
|-
|2021
|Lawrence Chaney
|-
|2021
|Krystal Versace
|-
|2022
|Danny Beard
|-
|2023
|Ginger Johnson
|-
|2024
|Kyran Thrax
|-
|2025
|Bones
|}

== Britain's Next Top Model ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2005
|Lucy Ratcliffe
|-
|2006
|Lianna Fowler
|-
|2007
|Lauren McEvoy
|-
|2008
|Alex Evans
|-
|2009
|Mecia Simson
|-
|2010
|Tiffany Pisani
|-
|2011
|Jade Thompson
|-
|2012
|Letitia Herod
|-
|2013
|Lauren Lambert
|-
|2016
|Chloe Keenan
|-
|2017
|Olivia Wardell
|-
|2017
|Ivy Watson
|}

== The Masked Singer ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2020
|Nicola Roberts as “Queen Bee”
|-
|2021
|Joss Stone as “Sausage”
|-
|2022
|Natalie Imbruglia as “Panda”
|-
|2023
|Charlie Simpson as “Rhino”
|-
|2024
|Danny Jones as "Piranha"
|-
|2025
|Samantha Banks as "Pufferfish"
|}

== The Masked Dancer ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2021
|Louis Smith as “Carwash”
|-
|2022
|Heather Morris as “Scissors”
|}

== The Traitors ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2022
|Aaron Evans, Hannah Byczkowski, and Meryl Williams
|-
|2024
|Harry Clark
|-
|2025
|Jake Brown and Leanne Quigley
|-
|2026
|Rachel Duffy and Stephen Libby
|}

== The Celebrity Traitors ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2025
|Alan Carr
|}

Main Page

2026-02-20T16:04:59Z

QRNeditor: Added Sport 2026

Welcome to Quiz Revision Notes!

==Genres==

*[[Art, Culture and History]]
*[[Civilisation]]
*[[Entertainment]]
*[[Lifestyle]]
*[[Physical World]]
*[[Sport and Leisure]]

==New Pages==

*
*
*
*[[Entertainment/Lists of Winners of UK Reality TV Shows|Lists of Winners of UK Reality TV Shows]]
*[[Lifestyle/Social Media and the Internet|Social Media and the Internet]]
*[[Civilisation/Technology|Technology]] (updated)
*[[Entertainment/Marvel Cinematic Universe films|Marvel Cinematic Universe films]]
*[[Civilisation/20th Century History|20th Century History]] (updated)
*[[Sport and Leisure/Sport 2026|Sport 2026]]

Sport and Leisure/Sport 2026

2026-02-20T16:03:47Z

QRNeditor: Date formatting

Sport and Leisure

2026-02-20T15:58:34Z

QRNeditor: Added Sport 2026

*[[Sport and Leisure/Chess|Chess]]
*[[Sport and Leisure/Cricket World Cup|Cricket World Cup]]
*[[Sport and Leisure/FIFA World Cup|FIFA World Cup]]
*[[Sport and Leisure/USA Major League teams|USA Major League teams]]
*[[Sport and Leisure/Major League Baseball|Major League Baseball]]
*[[Sport and Leisure/National Basketball Association|National Basketball Association]]
*[[Sport and Leisure/National Football League|National Football League]]
*[[Sport and Leisure/National Hockey League|National Hockey League]]
*[[Sport and Leisure/Rugby World Cup|Rugby World Cup]]
*[[Sport and Leisure/Sport 2011|Sport 2011]]
*[[Sport and Leisure/Sport 2012|Sport 2012]]
*[[Sport and Leisure/Sport 2013|Sport 2013]]
*[[Sport and Leisure/Sport 2014|Sport 2014]]
*[[Sport and Leisure/Sport 2015|Sport 2015]]
*[[Sport and Leisure/Sport 2016|Sport 2016]]
*[[Sport and Leisure/Sport 2017|Sport 2017]]
*[[Sport and Leisure/Sport 2018|Sport 2018]]
*[[Sport and Leisure/Sport 2019|Sport 2019]]
*[[Sport and Leisure/Sport 2020|Sport 2020]]
*[[Sport and Leisure/Sport 2021|Sport 2021]]
*[[Sport and Leisure/Sport 2022|Sport 2022]]
*[[Sport and Leisure/Sport 2023|Sport 2023]]
*[[Sport and Leisure/Sport 2024|Sport 2024]]
*[[Sport and Leisure/Sport 2025|Sport 2025]]
*[[Sport and Leisure/Sport 2026|Sport 2026]]
*[[Sport and Leisure/Sports Personality of the Year|Sports Personality of the Year]]
*[[Sport and Leisure/Summer Olympics|Summer Olympics]]
*[[Sport and Leisure/Tour de France|Tour de France]]
*[[Sport and Leisure/Toys and Games|Toys and Games]]
*[[Sport and Leisure/Video Games|Video Games]]
*[[Sport and Leisure/UEFA European Championship|UEFA European Championship]]
*[[Sport and Leisure/Winter Olympics|Winter Olympics]]
*[[Sport and Leisure/World Athletics Championships|World Athletics Championships]]

Sport and Leisure/Sport 2026

2026-02-20T15:57:17Z

QRNeditor: New page

January

Jan 1

PDC World Darts Championship quarter-final – Van Veen bt Humphries

Enzo Maresca leaves Chelsea by mutual consent

Jan 2

PDC World Darts Championship semi-finals – Littler bt Searle, Van Veen bt Anderson

Brennan Johnson moves from Spurs to Crystal Palace

Ian Balding dies

Jan 3

Wolves bt West Ham to secure a first Premier League win of the season at the 20th attempt

PDC World Darts Championship final – Littler 7 Van Veen 1

PDC Master of Ceremonies John McDonald and referee George Noble retire from darts

Jan 4

Igor Thiago hat-trick for Brentford against Everton

Jan 5

Ruben Amorim sacked as manager of Man Utd

Wilfried Nancy sacked as manager of Celtic after 33 days. Martin O’Neill returns to Celtic as interim manager

Jan 6

Strasbourg manager Liam Rosenior is appointed as manager of Chelsea

Four Hills Tournament – Domen Prevc (Slovenia)

Jan 7

Martin Chivers dies

Simon Yates retires

Jan 8

Terry Yorath dies

Jan 9

Luke Littler signs £20 million sponsorship deal with Target Darts

Antoine Semenyo moves from Bournemouth to Man City for £65 million

Jan 10

FA Cup third round – Man City 10 Exeter City 1

Macclesfield FC 2 Crystal Palace 1. Macclesfield are ranked 117 places below Crystal Palace, meaning this is the biggest upset in the competition of all time in terms of league places

Wolves 6 (Strand Larsen 3) Shrewsbury 1

Jan 11

Masters first round – Wu Yize bt Sean Murphy, Xiao Guodong bt Mark Selby

FA Cup third round – Martinelli hat-trick for Arsenal against Portsmouth

United Cup final (Sydney) – Poland bt Switzerland

Jan 13

Michael Carrick appointed as interim manager of Man Utd

Alvaro Arbeloa replaces Xabi Alonso as manager of Real Madrid

Jan 14

Australian Open's Million Dollar One Point Slam final – Jordan Smith bt Joanna Garland

Conor Gallagher moves from Atletico Madrid to Spurs

Every match in the first round of the Masters finishes 6-2

Jan 17

Masters semi-finals – Higgins bt Trump, Kyren Wilson bt Yu Wize

Jan 18

Masters final – Kyren Wilson bt Higgins

Dubai Invitational – Nacho Elvira (Spain)

AFCON final (Rabat) – Senegal 1 (Pape Gueye) Morocco 0

Jan 19

Marc Guehi moves from Crystal Palace to Man City

Jan 20

Champions League – Bodo/Glimt bt Man City

International Tennis Federation World Champions. Men’s – Jannik Sinner. Women’s – Aryna Sabalenka

Jan 21

Longines World’s Best Racehorse – Calandagan

Jan 24

Bangladesh will boycott next month's men's T20 World Cup and have been replaced by Scotland

Jan 25

Big Bash League final – Perth Scorchers bt Sydney Sixers. Sixth title for Perth

Dubai Desert Classic – Patrick Reed

World Indoor Bowls Championship. Men’s – Robert Paxton. Women’s – Katherine Rednall. Seventh title for Rednall

AFC Championship Game – New England Patriots bt Denver Broncos

NFC Championship Game – Seattle Seahawks bt Los Angeles Rams

Jan 26

Besiktas buy Tammy Abraham from Roma, then sell him to Aston Villa

Jan 27

Third ODI – England 357-3 (Root 111, Brook 136) Sri Lanka 304 (Rathnayake 121)

Jan 28

Champions League – Liverpool 6 Qarabag 0

FIFA Women's Champions Cup semi-finals – Arsenal 6 AS FAR Rabat 0, Corinthians 1 Gotham FC 0

Jan 29

Australian Open women’s semi-finals – Sabalenka bt Svitolina, Rybakina bt Pegula

Jan 30

Australian Open men’s semi-finals – Alcaraz bt Zverev, Djokovic bt Sinner

Mixed doubles final – Gadecki and Peers bt Mladenovic and Guinard

Sam Curran hat-trick for England against Sri Lanka in T20 international

Jan 31

Australian Open women’s final –Rybakina bt Sabalenka

Australian Open men’s doubles final – Harrison and Skupski bt Kubler and Polmans

Australian Open women’s doubles final – Mertens and Zhang bt Danilina and Krunic

Sport and Leisure/National Football League

2026-02-11T19:11:45Z

QRNeditor: Added 2026 Super Bowl

== Teams ==

=== AFC-North ===

==== Baltimore Ravens ====
[[File:Baltimore Ravens.gif|none|thumb]]
Stadium – M&T Bank Stadium

Super Bowl appearances – won in 2001, 2013

The Ravens were established in 1996, when Art Modell, who was then the owner of the Cleveland Browns, announced plans to relocate the franchise from Cleveland, Ohio to Baltimore. The team's name was inspired by Edgar Allan Poe's poem ''The Raven''

Ray Lewis played his entire career for the Baltimore Ravens. He was also the second linebacker to win the Super Bowl Most Valuable Player Award and the first linebacker to win the award on the winning Super Bowl team (2001)

==== Cincinnati Bengals ====
[[File:Cincinnati Bengals.gif|none|thumb]]
Stadium – Paycor Stadium

Super Bowl appearances – lost in 1982, 1989, 2022

The Bengals were founded in 1966 as a member of the AFL by former Cleveland Browns head coach Paul Brown. The Bengals lost Super Bowls XVI and XXIII to the San Francisco 49ers

==== Cleveland Browns ====
[[File:Cleveland Browns.gif|none|thumb]]
Stadium – Huntingdon Brown Field

Super Bowl appearances – none

The Cleveland Browns were founded in 1945 by businessman Arthur B. McBride and coach Paul Brown. In 1995, Art Modell, who had purchased the Browns in 1961, announced he was relocating the team to Baltimore. Modell was cleared to move his team (which became the Baltimore Ravens) but relinquished ownership of the Browns' name. The reconstituted team resumed play in 1999 after three years of suspended operations

In July 2012, owner Randy Lerner announced he planned to sell the Browns to businessman Jimmy Haslam

==== Pittsburgh Steelers ====
[[File:Pittsburgh Steelers.gif|none|thumb]]
Stadium – Arcisure Stadium, formerly known as Heinz Field

Super Bowl appearances – won in 1975, 1976, 1979, 1980, 2006, 2009; lost in 1996, 2011

The Steelers were founded as the Pittsburgh Pirates in1933, by Art Rooney, taking its original name from the baseball team of the same name. The current owner is Art's son, Dan Rooney

During the 1943 season, they merged with the Philadelphia Eagles forming the "Phil-Pitt Eagles" and were known as the "Steagles". In 1944, they merged with the Chicago Cardinals and were known as Card-Pitt (or, mockingly, as the "Carpets"). This team finished 0–10, marking the only winless team in franchise history

The Steel Curtain is the nickname given to the front four of the defensive line of the 1970s Pittsburgh Steelers. This defense was the backbone of the Steelers dynasty, which won four Super Bowls in six years

Terry Bradshaw is a former quarterback with the Pittsburgh Steelers. In a six-year span, he won four Super Bowl titles with Pittsburgh

Hines Ward was a wide receiver who played 14 seasons for the Pittsburgh Steelers. Ward was voted MVP of Super Bowl XL

=== AFC-South ===

==== Houston Texans ====
[[File:Houston Texans.gif|none|thumb]]
Stadium – NRG Stadium

Super Bowl appearances – none

The Texans first played in 2002 as an expansion team after Houston's previous franchise, the Houston Oilers, moved to Nashville, Tennessee, where they are now the Tennessee Titans. The team's majority owner is Bob McNair

Houston Texans are the only AFC team yet to play in a Championship Game

NRG Stadium was known as the Reliant Stadium from 2002 to 2013

==== Indianapolis Colts ====
[[File:Indianapolis Colts.gif|none|thumb]]
Stadium – Lucas Oil Stadium

Super Bowl appearances – won in 1971, 2007; lost in 1969, 2010

The Colts have been a member club of the NFL since their founding in 1953 in Baltimore. They moved to Indianapolis in 1984

Won the Super Bowl once as Baltimore Colts, and once as Indianapolis Colts

Johnny Unitas, nicknamed ‘The Golden Arm’, was a player in the 1950s through the 1970s, spending the majority of his career with the Baltimore Colts. He was a record-setting quarterback, and the NFL's most valuable player in 1959, 1964 and 1967. His record of throwing a touchdown pass in 47 consecutive games (between 1956 and 1960) was broken by Drew Brees in 2012

==== Jacksonville Jaguars ====
[[File:Jacksonville Jaguars.gif|none|thumb]]
Stadium – EverBank Stadium

Super Bowl appearances – none

The Jaguars joined the NFL as an expansion team for the 1995 season. Since their inception, the Jaguars have won division championships in 1998 and 1999. Illinois businessman Shahid Khan purchased the Jaguars in 2012

In 2012, the Jaguars announced they had finalized a deal to play one regular season home game each year between 2013 and 2016 at Wembley Stadium as part of the NFL International Series

==== Tennessee Titans ====
[[File:Tennessee Titans.gif|none|thumb]]
Stadium – Nissan Stadium (Nashville)

Super Bowl appearances – lost in 2000

Previously known as the Houston Oilers, the team relocated from Houston to Tennessee in 1997, and played in Memphis for one season. The club moved to Nashville in 1998. For those two years, the team was known as the Tennessee Oilers, and changed its name to Titans in 1999

Titans appeared in Super Bowl XXXIV, but lost to St. Louis Rams

Quarterback Warren Moon played for the Houston Oilers from 1984 to 1993. When he retired, he held the record for most pass attempts, pass completions, passing yards, and touchdowns, all of which have since been broken

=== AFC-East ===

==== Buffalo Bills ====
[[File:Buffalo Bills.gif|none|thumb]]
Stadium – Highmark Stadium (Orchard Park)

Super Bowl appearances – lost in 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994

The Bills are the only team to win four consecutive conference championships and are the only NFL team to play in four consecutive Super Bowls, although they lost in each game. They are the only team that has not appeared in the NFL playoffs so far in the 21st century

Buffalo Bills played an annual game at the Rogers Center in Toronto as part of the Bills Toronto Series from 2008 to 2013

O.J. Simpson was a running back for the Bills from 1969 to 1977, was the first NFL player to rush for more than 2,000 yards in a season, a mark he set in 1973

==== Miami Dolphins ====
[[File:Miami Dolphins.gif|none|thumb]]
Stadium – Hard Rock Stadium

Super Bowl appearances – won in 1973, 1974; lost in 1972, 1983, 1985

The Dolphins made their first Super Bowl appearance in Super Bowl VI, but lost to the Dallas Cowboys. The following year, the Dolphins completed the NFL's only perfect season culminating in a Super Bowl win, winning all 14 of its regular-season games, both of its NFL playoff games, and also Super Bowl VII. The 1972 Dolphins were the third NFL team to accomplish a perfect regular season. The Dolphins also won Super Bowl VIII, becoming the first team to appear in three consecutive Super Bowls

For most of their early history, the Dolphins were coached by Don Shula, the most successful head coach in professional football history in terms of total games won

Dan Marino played for the Dolphins from 1983 to 1999. Despite never being on a Super Bowl-winning team, he is recognized as one of the greatest quarterbacks in American football history

In October 2007, the first NFL game to take place outside of North America was played at Wembley Stadium. The Dolphins played New York Giants, and the game counted as a home game for the Dolphins. The Giants won the game 13-10

==== New England Patriots ====
[[File:New England Patriots.gif|none|thumb]]
Stadium – Gillette Stadium (Foxborough, Massachusetts)

Super Bowl appearances – won in 2002, 2004, 2005, 2015, 2017, 2019; lost in 1986, 1997, 2008, 2012, 2018, 2026

Known as the Boston Patriots until 1971

The Patriots finished the 2007 regular season by winning all sixteen of their games, but lost the 2008 Super Bowl to the New York Giants

Since the arrival of head coach Bill Belichick in 2000, along with the emergence of quarterback Tom Brady, the Patriots have become one of the most successful teams in NFL history

The Patriots have compiled the longest winning streak consisting of regular season and playoff games in NFL history, a 21-game streak from October 2003 to October 2004

Adam Vinatieri made game-winning kicks in the final seconds of two Super Bowls (XXXVI, XXXVIII) for the Patriots

==== New York Jets ====
[[File:New York Jets.gif|none|thumb]]
Stadium – MetLife Stadium (East Rutherford, New Jersey)

Super Bowl appearances – won in 1969

Jets have the longest Super Bowl appearance drought

The team was founded in 1959 as the Titans of New York. The current name was adopted in 1963 and the franchise was relocated to Shea Stadium in 1964 and then to the Meadowlands Sports Complex in 1984. The Jets advanced to the playoffs for the first time in 1968 and went on to compete in Super Bowl III where they defeated the Baltimore Colts

‘Broadway Joe’ Namath was a quarterback and an American Football League icon and played for that league's New York Jets for most of his professional career but finished his career with the NFL's Los Angeles Rams. He was elected to the Hall of Fame in 1985. Namath was quarterback for the Jets in their 1969 Super Bowl win

=== AFC-West ===

==== Denver Broncos ====
[[File:Denver Broncos.gif|none|thumb]]
Stadium – Empower Field at Mile High

Super Bowl appearances – won in 1998, 1999, 2016; lost in 1978, 1987, 1988, 1990, 2014

Orange Crush Defense was the defense of the Denver Broncos during the late 1970s and early 1980s

John Elway played for the Broncos from 1983 to 1988. At the time of his retirement, Elway recorded the most victories by a starting quarterback and statistically was the second most prolific passer in NFL history. He played in five Super Bowls

The Drive refers to an offensive series of the AFC Championship Game played in 1987 between the Denver Broncos and Cleveland Browns. Elway led his team 98 yards in 15 plays to tie the game with 37 seconds left in regulation. Denver won the game in overtime

Broncos win in 1998 snapped a 13-game losing streak for AFC teams in the Super Bowl

==== Kansas City Chiefs ====
[[File:Kansas City Chiefs.gif|none|thumb]]
Stadium – GEHA Field at Arrowhead Stadium

Super Bowl appearances – won in 1970, 2020, 2023, 2024; lost in 1967, 2021

The team was founded in 1960 as the Dallas Texans by businessman Lamar Hunt. In 1963, the team relocated to Kansas City and assumed their current name

The Chiefs defeated the Minnesota Vikings in Super Bowl IV

Won the Super Bowl in 2020 beating the 49ers with quarterback Patrick Mahomes winning the MVP award

Won the Super Bowl in 2023 beating the Eagles with quarterback Patrick Mahomes winning the MVP award

Won the Super Bowl in 2024 beating the 49ers with quarterback Patrick Mahomes winning the MVP award

==== Las Vegas Raiders ====
[[File:Las Vegas Raiders.gif|none|thumb]]
Stadium – Allegiant Stadium, Paradise

Super Bowl appearances – won in 1977, 1981, 1984; lost in 1968, 2003

Oakland Raiders won two Super Bowls before relocating to Los Angeles in 1982. In 1984, they defeated the Washington Redskins in Super Bowl XVIII to capture a third championship. In 1995, the team returned to Oakland

During the Los Angeles years, the Raiders played in the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum

The nickname Raider Nation refers to the fans of the team spread throughout the United States and the world

“The ''Heidi'' Game” was played in1968, between the Oakland Raiders and the New York Jets. The game was notable for its finish, in which Oakland scored two touchdowns in the final minute to win the game 43–32, but was named for a decision by the game's broadcaster, NBC, to break away from its coverage of the game on the east coast to broadcast the television film ''Heidi'', causing many viewers to miss the Raiders' comeback

In January 2020 the Raiders moved to Las Vegas

==== Los Angeles Chargers ====
[[File:Los Angeles Chargers.gif|none|thumb]]
Stadium – SoFi Stadium (Inglewood)

Super Bowl appearances – lost in 1995

The Chargers faced the San Francisco 49ers in Super Bowl XXIX and lost 49–26

They moved from San Diego to Los Angeles for the 2017 season

The Chargers share SoFi Stadium with the Rams

=== NFC-North ===

==== Chicago Bears ====
[[File:Chicago Bears.gif|none|thumb]]
Stadium – Soldier Field

Super Bowl appearances – won in 1986; lost in 2007

The Bears is one of only two remaining franchises from the NFL's founding (along with the Arizona Cardinals, which was originally also in Chicago). The team played home games at Wrigley Field until 1970

The Bears won Super Bowl XX with their revolutionary 46 defence including lineman William Perry who was known as “The Refrigerator”. They also reached Super Bowl XLI, but lost to the Indianapolis Colts

==== Detroit Lions ====
[[File:Detroit Lions.gif|none|thumb]]
Stadium – Ford Field

Super Bowl appearances – none

Originally based in Portsmouth, Ohio and called the Portsmouth Spartans, the team formally joined the NFL in the 1930 season. The team was purchased and moved to Detroit for the 1934 season

The Lions have won four NFL championships, but are the only NFC team not to reach the Super Bowl

==== Green Bay Packers ====
[[File:Green Bay Packers.gif|none|thumb]]
Stadium – Lambeau Field

Super Bowl appearances – won in 1967, 1968, 1997, 2011; lost in 1998

The Packers have won 13 league championships, the most in NFL history, with nine NFL titles prior to the Super Bowl era and four Super Bowl victories

The Packers won the first two Super Bowls, defeating the Kansas City Chiefs and Oakland Raiders following the 1966 and 1967 seasons, respectively. The Packers were led by quarterback Bart Starr, who was named the Most Valuable Player for both games, and coached by Vince Lombardi

Lambeau Field is named in memory of Packers founder, player, and long-time head coach, Curly Lambeau

The 1967 NFL Championship Game between the Green Bay Packers and the Dallas Cowboys was dubbed by the sports media as "The Ice Bowl", as the game-time temperature at Lambeau Field was −26 °C

The Packers were the last team to play a regular-season game in the NFL International Series, finally playing in London in 2022

==== Minnesota Vikings ====
[[File:Minnesota Vikings.gif|none|thumb]]
Stadium – U.S. Bank Stadium

Super Bowl appearances – lost in 1970, 1974, 1975, 1977

The Vikings played at the Metrodome from 1982 until its closure in 2013 and before that at Metropolitan Stadium in Bloomington, Minnesota from 1961 to 1981. During the 2014 and 2015 seasons, the Vikings played at TCF Bank Stadium on the campus of the University of Minnesota while the new stadium was being built

Purple People Eaters is a term for the defensive line of the Minnesota Vikings from the late 1960s to the late 1970s. The term is a reference to a popular song from 1958, the efficiency of the defense, and the color of their uniforms. The motto of the Purple People Eaters was "Meet at the quarterback"

=== NFC-South ===

==== Atlanta Falcons ====
[[File:Atlanta Falcons.gif|none|thumb]]
Stadium – Mercedes-Benz Stadium

Super Bowl appearances – lost in 1999, 2017

Mercedes-Benz Stadium opened in August 2017 as a replacement for the Georgia Dome

The Falcons lost Super Bowl XXXIII to the Denver Broncos and Super Bowl LI to the New England Patriots

One of the earliest British-born players in NFL history, placekicker Mick Luckhurst played his entire professional career with the Atlanta Falcons

==== Carolina Panthers ====
[[File:Carolina Panthers.gif|none|thumb]]
Stadium – Bank of America Stadium (Charlotte, North Carolina)

Super Bowl appearances – lost in 2004, 2016

The Panthers joined the NFL as an expansion team for the 1995 season

The Panthers lost Super Bowl XXXVIII to the New England Patriots and Super Bowl 50 to Denver Broncos

Quarterback Cam Newton was the NFL MVP for 2015

==== New Orleans Saints ====
[[File:New Orleans Saints.gif|none|thumb]]
Stadium – Mercedes-Benz Superdome

Super Bowl appearances – won in 2010

The Saints beat Indianapolis Colts in Super Bowl XLIV. Quarterback Drew Brees was the Super Bowl MVP

Bountygate was an incident in which several defensive players of New Orleans Saints were found to have operated a slush fund that paid out bonuses, or ‘bounties,’ for in-game performance in violation of NFL rules. The pool was in operation from 2009 to 2011. Players earned bonuses for deliberately knocking opposing players out of games

Due to the damage Hurricane Katrina caused to the Superdome, the Saints' scheduled 2005 home opener against the New York Giants was moved to Giants Stadium. The remainder of their 2005 home games were split between the Alamodome in San Antonio and LSU's Tiger Stadium in Baton Rouge

==== Tampa Bay Buccaneers ====
[[File:Tampa Bay Buccaneers.gif|none|thumb]]
Stadium – Raymond James Stadium

Super Bowl appearances – won in 2003, 2021

The Buccaneers joined the NFL in 1976 as an expansion team

Raymond James Stadium was built to replace Tampa Stadium at the demand of new Bucs owner Malcolm Glazer. Named after the Raymond James Financial company

The Buccaneers won Super Bowl XXXVII, beating Oakland Raiders 48-21

Tom Brady and Rob Gronkowki moved from New England Patriots in April 2020. Gronkowski caught two of the three touchdown passes thrown by Brady in Tampa Bay's victory over the Chiefs in Super Bowl LV giving Brady his record seventh Super Bowl win

=== NFC-East ===

==== Dallas Cowboys ====
[[File:Dallas Cowboys.gif|none|thumb]]
Stadium – AT&T Stadium (Arlington)

Super Bowl appearances – won in 1972, 1978, 1993, 1994, 1996; lost in 1971, 1976, 1979

The Cowboys are the only NFL team to record 20 straight winning seasons (1966–85), in which they only missed the playoffs twice (1974 and 1984)

In 2015, the Dallas Cowboys became the first sports team to be valued at $4 billion, making it the most valuable sports team in the world, according to ''Forbes''

The Cowboys' streak of 190 consecutive sold-out regular and post-season games (home and away) began in 2002

Roger Staubach was the quarterback for the Cowboys when they won the Super Bowl in 1972 and 1978

The Cowboys beat the Buffalo Bills in Super Bowls XXVII and XXVIII

Emmitt Smith became the NFL's all-time rushing leader, breaking the record formerly held by his childhood hero, Walter Payton, and played for three Super Bowl-winning Dallas Cowboys teams in the 1990s. Smith is one of only two non-kickers in NFL history to score more than 1,000 career points (the other being Jerry Rice)

The record attendance for an NFL game was set in 2009, with a crowd of 105,121 at the AT&T Stadium

==== New York Giants ====
[[File:New York Giants.gif|none|thumb]]
Stadium – MetLife Stadium (East Rutherford, New Jersey)

Super Bowl appearances – won in 1987, 1991, 2008, 2012; lost in 2001

The team ranks third among all NFL franchises with eight NFL titles: four in the pre–Super Bowl era and four since the advent of the Super Bowl, along with more championship appearances than any other team, with 19 overall appearances. Their championship tally is surpassed only by the Green Bay Packers (13) and Chicago Bears (9)

To distinguish themselves from the professional baseball team of the same name, the football team was incorporated as the "New York National League Football Company, Inc." in 1929 and changed to "New York Football Giants, Inc." in 1937

Big Blue Wrecking Crew is a nickname used to refer to the defense for the New York Giants during the 1980s that won two Super Bowl Championships

Eli Manning led the Giants to victory in Super Bowl XLII and Super Bowl XLVI, defeating the New England Patriots in both games. Manning was also named Most Valuable Player in each Super Bowl. He is the younger brother of Peyton Manning

==== Philadelphia Eagles ====
[[File:Philadelphia Eagles.gif|none|thumb]]
Stadium – Lincoln Financial Field

Super Bowl appearances – won in 2018, 2025; lost in 1981, 2005, 2023

The club was established in 1933 as a replacement for the bankrupt Frankford Yellow Jackets

The team has an intense rivalry with the New York Giants

The Eagles lost to the Oakland Raiders in Super Bowl XV, the New England Patriots in Super Bowl XXXIX, and the Kansas City Chiefs in Super Bowl LVII

In Super Bowl LII, the Eagles defeated the defending champion Patriots 41–33 to gain their first win. Nick Foles won the MVP Award

In Super Bowl LIX, the Eagles defeated the defending champion Kansas City Chiefs. Jalen Hurts won the MVP Award

==== Washington Commanders ====
[[File:Washington Football Team.gif|none|thumb]]
Stadium – Northwest Stadium (Landover, Maryland)

Super Bowl appearances – won in 1983, 1988, 1992; lost in 1973, 1984

The team originated as the Boston Braves, in 1932. The following year the name was changed to Boston Redskins. The Redskins relocated to Washington, D.C. in 1937

The team played as the Washington Football Team for two seasons before rebranding as the Commanders in 2022

=== NFC-West ===

==== Arizona Cardinals ====
[[File:Arizona Cardinals.gif|none|thumb]]
Stadium – State Farm Stadium (Glendale)

Super Bowl appearances – lost in 2009

The Cardinals are the oldest continuous professional American football club in the United States. The team was formed in 1898 as the Morgan Athletic Club in Chicago. The club moved to St. Louis in1960 and played in that city through 1987. Before the 1988 NFL season, the team moved to Tempe, Arizona, and played their home games for the next 18 seasons at Arizona State University's Sun Devil Stadium. In 2006, the club began playing all home games at the newly constructed University of Phoenix Stadium in the suburb of Glendale

The team logo is the northern cardinal, known colloquially as the redbird

The Cardinals currently hold the league's longest active championship drought, at 67 consecutive seasons. They reached Super Bowl XLIII, but lost to Pittsburgh Steelers

Pat Tillman played for the Arizona Cardinals. In 2002 Tillman turned down a contract offer of $3.6 million over three years from the Cardinals to enlist in the U.S. Army. He was killed in Afghanistan in 2004

==== Los Angeles Rams ====
[[File:Los Angeles Rams.gif|none|thumb]]
Stadium – SoFi Stadium (Inglewood)

Super Bowl appearances – won in 2000, 2022; lost in 1980, 2002, 2019

The franchise began as the Cleveland Rams in 1936

After the 1994 NFL season, the Rams left California and moved to St. Louis. Five seasons after relocating, the St. Louis Rams won Super Bowl XXXIV, beating Tennessee Titans. The Rams continued to play in the Edward Jones Dome in St. Louis until the end of the 2015 NFL season, when the team filed notice with the NFL of its intent to pursue relocation back to Los Angeles for the 2016 season

"The Greatest Show on Turf" was the nickname for the St. Louis Rams' record-breaking offense during the 1999, 2000, and 2001 NFL seasons

==== San Francisco 49ers ====
[[File:San Francisco 49ers.gif|none|thumb]]
Stadium – Levi’s Stadium (Santa Clara)

Super Bowl appearances – won in 1982, 1983, 1985, 1990, 1995; lost in 2013, 2020, 2024

The name "49ers" comes from the prospectors who arrived in Northern California in the 1849 Gold Rush. The team was founded in 1946

The team began play at Kezar Stadium in San Francisco before moving to Candlestick Park in 1970 and then to Levi's Stadium in Santa Clara in 2014. The 49ers won five Super Bowl championships, led by Hall of Famers Joe Montana, Jerry Rice, Ronnie Lott, Steve Young, and coach Bill Walsh

Ronnie Lott played for the 49ers from 1981 to 1990 and is widely considered one of the best cornerbacks in NFL history

Steve Young was named the NFL's Most Valuable Player in 1992 and 1994, and was the MVP of Super Bowl XXIX where he threw a Super Bowl-record six touchdown passes in a 49-26 win against San Diego Chargers

Bill Walsh joined the 49ers in 1979 as head coach. He popularized the West Coast offense and won three Super Bowls. He was named NFL Coach of the Year in 1981 and 1984

Coached by Jim Harbaugh, the 49ers reached Super Bowl XLVII, but lost to Baltimore Ravens, coached by Jim’s brother John Harbaugh

"The Catch" refers to the winning touchdown reception by Dwight Clark off a Joe Montana pass in the January 1982, NFC Championship Game between the Dallas Cowboys and San Francisco 49ers. The Catch is widely regarded as one of the most memorable events in NFL history

==== Seattle Seahawks ====
[[File:Seattle Seahawks.gif|none|thumb]]
Stadium – Lumen Field

Super Bowl appearances – won in 2014, 2026; lost in 2006, 2015

The Seahawks joined the NFL in 1976 as an expansion team. They are owned by Microsoft co-founder Paul Allen and are currently coached by Pete Carroll. Since 2002, the Seahawks have played their home games at CenturyLink Field (formerly Qwest Field)

Seattle Seahawks are the only franchise to make both the AFC and NFC Championship Games. In 2002, the Seahawks were returned to the NFC West as part of an NFL realignment plan that gave each conference four balanced divisions of four teams each. This was done after the Houston Texans were added as the thirty-second team

They have appeared in four Super Bowls, including Super Bowl XLVIII, where they defeated the Denver Broncos 43–8 to win their first NFL title

Seahawks fans have been referred to collectively as the "12th Man", "12th Fan", or "12s". The Seahawks' fans have twice set the Guinness World Record for the loudest crowd noise at a sporting event

Defensive coordinator Aden Durde (UK) became the first overseas coach to win the Super Bowl in 2026

== Super Bowl ==
=== Championship games ===
Note – the year in the following table is the year the game was played, e,g, Super Bowl LVII was played in February 2023 determine the champion of the (NFL) for the 2022 season
{| class="wikitable"
|'''Game (Year)'''
|'''Winning team'''
|'''Losing team'''
|'''MVP'''
|-
|I (1967)
|Green Bay Packers
|Kansas City Chiefs
|Bart Starr
|-
|II (1968)
|Green Bay Packers
|Oakland Raiders
|Bart Starr
|-
|III (1969)
|New York Jets
|Baltimore Colts
|Joe Namath
|-
|IV (1970)
|Kansas City Chiefs
|Minnesota Vikings
|Len Dawson
|-
|V (1971)
|Baltimore Colts
|Dallas Cowboys
|Chuck Howley (Dallas Cowboys) **
|-
|VI (1972)
|Dallas Cowboys
|Miami Dolphins
|Roger Staubach
|-
|VII (1973)
|Miami Dolphins
|Washington Redskins
|Jake Scott
|-
|VIII (1974)
|Miami Dolphins
|Minnesota Vikings
|Larry Csonka
|-
|IX (1975)
|Pittsburgh Steelers
|Minnesota Vikings
|Franco Harris
|-
|X (1976)
|Pittsburgh Steelers
|Dallas Cowboys
|Lynn Swann
|-
|XI (1977)
|Oakland Raiders
|Minnesota Vikings
|Fred Biletnikoff
|-
|XII (1978)
|Dallas Cowboys
|Denver Broncos
|Harvey Martin †

Randy White †
|-
|XIII (1979)
|Pittsburgh Steelers
|Dallas Cowboys
|Terry Bradshaw
|-
|XIV (1980)
|Pittsburgh Steelers
|Los Angeles Rams
|Terry Bradshaw
|-
|XV (1981)
|Oakland Raiders
|Philadelphia Eagles
|Jim Plunkett
|-
|XVI (1982)
|San Francisco 49ers
|Cincinnati Bengals
|Joe Montana
|-
|XVII (1983)
|Washington Redskins
|Miami Dolphins
|John Riggins
|-
|XVIII (1984)
|Los Angeles Raiders
|Washington Redskins
|Marcus Allen
|-
|XIX (1985)
|San Francisco 49ers
|Miami Dolphins
|Joe Montana
|-
|XX (1986)
|Chicago Bears
|New England Patriots
|Richard Dent
|-
|XXI (1987)
|New York Giants
|Denver Broncos
|Phil Simms
|-
|XXII (1988)
|Washington Redskins
|Denver Broncos
|Doug Williams
|-
|XXIII (1989)
|San Francisco 49ers
|Cincinnati Bengals
|Jerry Rice
|-
|XXIV (1990)
|San Francisco 49ers
|Denver Broncos
|Joe Montana
|-
|XXV (1991)
|New York Giants
|Buffalo Bills
|Ottis Anderson
|-
|XXVI (1992)
|Washington Redskins
|Buffalo Bills
|Mark Rypien
|-
|XXVII (1993)
|Dallas Cowboys
|Buffalo Bills
|Troy Aikman
|-
|XXVIII (1994)
|Dallas Cowboys
|Buffalo Bills
|Emmitt Smith
|-
|XXIX (1995)
|San Francisco 49ers
|San Diego Chargers
|Steve Young
|-
|XXX (1996)
|Dallas Cowboys
|Pittsburgh Steelers
|Larry Brown
|-
|XXXI (1997)
|Green Bay Packers
|New England Patriots
|Desmond Howard
|-
|XXXII (1998)
|Denver Broncos
|Green Bay Packers
|Terrell Davis
|-
|XXXIII (1999)
|Denver Broncos
|Atlanta Falcons
|John Elway
|-
|XXXIV (2000)
|St Louis Rams
|Tennessee Titans
|Kurt Warner
|-
|XXXV (2001)
|Baltimore Ravens
|New York Giants
|Ray Lewis
|-
|XXXVI (20002)
|New England Patriots
|St Louis Rams
|Tom Brady
|-
|XXXVII (2003)
|Tampa Bay Buccaneers
|Oakland Raiders
|Dexter Jackson
|-
|XXXVIII (2004)
|New England Patriots
|Carolina Panthers
|Tom Brady
|-
|XXXIX (2005)
|New England Patriots
|Philadelphia Eagles
|Deion Branch
|-
|XL (2006)
|Pittsburgh Steelers
|Seattle Seahawks
|Hines Ward
|-
|XLI (2007)
|Indianapolis Colts
|Chicago Bears
|Peyton Manning
|-
|XLII (2008)
|New York Giants
|New England Patriots
|Eli Manning
|-
|XLIII (2009)
|Pittsburgh Steelers
|Arizona Cardinals
|Santonio Holmes
|-
|XLIV (2010)
|New Orleans Saints
|Indianapolis Colts
|Drew Brees
|-
|XLV (2011)
|Green Bay Packers
|Pittsburgh Steelers
|Aaron Rodgers
|-
|XLVI (2012)
|New York Giants
|New England Patriots
|Eli Manning
|-
|XLVII (2013)
|Baltimore Ravens
|San Francisco 49ers
|Joe Flacco
|-
|XLVIII (2014)
|Seattle Seahawks
|Denver Broncos
|Malcolm Smith
|-
|XLIX (2015)
|New England Patriots
|Seattle Seahawks
|Tom Brady
|-
|50 (2016) ††
|Denver Broncos
|Carolina Panthers
|Von Miller
|-
|LI (2017)
|New England Patriots
|Atlanta Falcons
|Tom Brady
|-
|LII (2018)
|Philadelphia Eagles
|New England Patriots
|Nick Foles
|-
|LIII (2019)
|New England Patriots
|Los Angeles Rams
|Julian Edelman
|-
|LIV (2020)
|Kansas City Chiefs
|San Francisco 49ers
|Patrick Mahomes
|-
|LV (2021)
|Tampa Bay Buccaneers
|Kansas City Chiefs
|Tom Brady
|-
|LVI (2022)
|Los Angeles Rams
|Cincinnati Bengals
|Cooper Kupp
|-
|LVII (2023)
|Kansas City Chiefs
|Philadelphia Eagles
|Patrick Mahomes
|-
|LVIII (2024)
|Kansas City Chiefs
|San Francisco 49ers
|Patrick Mahomes
|-
|LIX (2025)
|Philadelphia Eagles
|Kansas City Chiefs
|Jalen Hurts
|-
|LX (2026)
|Seattle Seahawks
|New England Patriots
|Kenneth Walker
|}
<nowiki>**</nowiki> Chuck Howley is the only MVP to come from the losing team

† Harvey Martin and Randy White were named co-MVPs

†† The 2016 Super Bowl was known as “50” rather than “L” as the NFL ad designers felt that the Super Bowl L title was too unattractive and unmarketable

=== Statistics ===
Green Bay Packers won the first two Super Bowls, defeating the Kansas City Chiefs and Oakland Raiders following the 1966 and 1967 seasons

Super Bowl I was played at Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum on 15 January 1967

Most appearances – New England Patriots 12 (won 6, lost 6), Pittsburgh Steelers 8 (won 6, lost 2), Dallas Cowboys 8 (won 5, lost 3), San Francisco 49ers 8 (won 5, lost 3), Denver Broncos 8 (won 3, lost 5)

Most wins – New England Patriots (6), Pittsburgh Steelers (6), San Francisco 49ers (5), Dallas Cowboys (5), Green Bay Packers (4), New York Giants (4), Kansas City Chiefs (4)

Baltimore Ravens and Tampa Bay Buccaneers are the only teams in the NFL to hold a perfect record in multiple Super Bowl appearances (2-0)

Most losses – New England Patriots (6), Denver Broncos (5), Buffalo Bills (0-4), Minnesota Vikings (0-4)

Most consecutive games – Buffalo Bills (1991 to 1994)

Most points by a single team in a game – 55, San Francisco 49ers vs Denver Broncos, 1990

Most points by both teams in a game – 75, San Francisco 49ers vs San Diego Chargers, 1995

Most points (career) – 48, Jerry Rice (San Francisco 49ers)

Most touchdowns (career) – 8, Jerry Rice

Cleveland Browns, Detroit Lions, Houston Texans, and Jacksonville Jaguars have never played in a Super Bowl

2014 Super Bowl was played at New Meadowlands Stadium, the first time it was held outdoors in a cold climate

The four most-watched broadcasts in U.S. television history are Super Bowls

Super Bowl is currently played on the first Sunday in February

==Awards==
'''Vince Lombardi Trophy'''

The winning team in the Super Bowl receives the Vince Lombardi Trophy, named after the coach of the Green Bay Packers, who won the first two Super Bowl games and three of the five preceding NFL championships in 1961, 1962, and 1965. Following Lombardi's death in 1970, the trophy was named the Vince Lombardi Trophy, and was the first awarded as such to the Baltimore Colts following their win in Super Bowl V in Miami. It stands 22 inches tall, and depicts a football in a kicking position on a three concave sided stand, and is entirely made of sterling silver

'''Super Bowl Most Valuable Player Award'''

The Super Bowl MVP (Pete Rozelle Trophy) is presented to the most valuable player of the Super Bowl. The winner is chosen by a fan vote during the game and by a panel of 16 American football writers and broadcasters

Tom Brady is the only players to have won five Super Bowl MVP awards. Joe Montana and Patrick Mahomes have won three awards. Bart Starr, Terry Bradshaw and Eli Manning have won the award twice. Starr, Bradshaw and Mahomes are the only ones to have won it in back-to-back years. The MVP has come from the winning team every year except 1971, when Dallas Cowboys linebacker Chuck Howley won the award despite the Cowboys' loss in Super Bowl V to the Baltimore Colts

'''NFL Most Valuable Player Award'''

The NFL MVP award is voted upon by sportswriters at the end of the regular season, before the playoffs, though the results are not announced to the public until the day before the Super Bowl

Peyton Manning has won the award five times, the most of any player. Jim Brown, Johnny Unitas, and Brett Favre were named MVP three times. Brett Favre is the only player to win the award three consecutive years, and Tom Brady is the only player to ever be voted unanimously

'''NFL Coach of the Year Award'''

The NFL Coach of the Year Award is presented annually by various news and sports organizations to the NFL head coach who has done the most outstanding job. Currently, the most widely recognized award is presented by the Associated Press (AP)

Don Shula has won the AP award four times. Bill Belichick has won the AP award three times

== Ten leading players ==
'''Tom Brady'''

After playing college football for the University of Michigan, Tom Brady was drafted by the New England Patriots in the 2000 NFL draft. In Brady's 19 seasons as a starter the Patriots earned nine trips to the Super Bowl (the most for any quarterback, ever), winning six. Brady has won four Super Bowl MVP and three league MVP awards, and has led the Patriots to more division titles than any other quarterback in NFL history. He has won more playoff games than any other quarterback, and appeared in more playoff games than any player at any position. Moved to Tampa Bay Buccaneers in 2020 and won Super Bowl and Super Bowl MVP in first season

'''Jim Brown'''

Jim Brown was drafted by the Cleveland Browns in the 1957 NFL draft. After only nine years as a fullback in the NFL, he departed as the NFL record holder for both single-season and career rushing, as well as the all-time leader in rushing touchdowns, total touchdowns , and all-purpose yards. Every season he played, Brown was voted into the Pro Bowl. In 2002, he was named by ''Sporting News'' as the greatest professional football player ever. He went on to an acting career, notably playing Robert Jefferson in ''The Dirty Dozen''

'''Brett Favre'''

Brett Favre played quarterback for the Atlanta Falcons (1991), Green Bay Packers (1992–2007), New York Jets (2008), and Minnesota Vikings (2009–2010). Favre was the first quarterback in NFL history to pass for 500 touchdowns, throw for over 70,000 yards, over 6,000 completions, and over 10,000 pass attempts. He is the only player to win the AP Most Valuable Player three consecutive times (1995–1997). His only win in the Super Bowl came in Super Bowl XXXI for the Green Bay Packers. His nickname is "The Gunslinger"

'''Peyton Manning'''

Peyton Manning played for the Indianapolis Colts for 14 seasons between 1998 and 2011, before moving to Denver Broncos. He is a two-time Super Bowl winner (XLI and 50), and has also appeared in the game two other times, becoming the only quarterback to start the Super Bowl for two different franchises more than once each and the only starting quarterback to win a Super Bowl with two different franchises. His five NFL MVP awards are a league record. He is the elder brother of New York Giants quarterback Eli Manning

'''Joe Montana'''

After winning a college national championship at Notre Dame, Joe Montana started his NFL career in 1979 with San Francisco, where he played for the next 14 seasons. Montana started and won four Super Bowls and was the first player ever to have been named Super Bowl MVP three times. Traded before the 1993 season, he spent his final two years in the league with the Kansas City Chiefs. Nicknamed "Joe Cool" and "The Comeback Kid". The 49ers retired the number 16, the jersey number Montana wore while with the team

'''Walter Payton'''

Walter Payton, nicknamed "Sweetness", was a running back who played for the Chicago Bears from 1975 to 1987. He once held the league's record for most career rushing yards, touchdowns, carries, yards from scrimmage, all-purpose yards, and many other categories. Payton won two NFL MVP Awards and won Super Bowl XX with the Chicago Bears. He died aged 45, and his appeals for greater awareness of the need for organ donations are widely credited with bringing national attention to the problem

'''Jerry Rice'''

Jerry Rice played for San Francisco 49ers from 1985 to 2000, and is widely considered to be the greatest wide receiver in NFL history. He is the all-time leader in most major statistical categories for wide receivers, including receptions, touchdown receptions, and receiving yards. Rice won three Super Bowls with the 49ers, before moving to Oakland Raiders. His 48-yard touchdown catch in Super Bowl XXXVII made him the first player ever to catch a touchdown pass in four Super Bowls

'''Barry Sanders'''

Barry Sanders played for Detroit Lions as a running back from 1989 to 1998, and was one of the greatest players never to reach the Super Bowl. Averaging over 1,500 rushing yards per season, Sanders left the game just 1,457 yards short of being first place on the list for the NFL all-time rushing record at that time. Sanders shared the MVP Award with Brett Favre in 1997

'''Deion Sanders'''

Deion Sanders played primarily at cornerback in the NFL for the Atlanta Falcons, the San Francisco 49ers, the Dallas Cowboys, the Washington Redskins and the Baltimore Ravens, winning the Super Bowl with both the 49ers and the Cowboys. He played baseball for the New York Yankees, the Atlanta Braves, the Cincinnati Reds and the San Francisco Giants, and participated in the 1992 World Series with the Braves. Sanders is also the only man to play in both a Super Bowl and a World Series. Nicknamed "Prime Time"

'''Lawrence Taylor'''

Ranked as the greatest defensive player in league history, Lawrence Taylor played his entire professional career as a linebacker for the New York Giants (1981 –1993). Taylor is one of only two defensive players in the history of the NFL to have ever won the NFL MVP award. He was a key member of the Giants' defense, nicknamed "The Big Blue Wrecking Crew”, which led New York to victories in Super Bowls XXI and XXV. He was suspended several times for failing drug tests

Entertainment/Lists of Winners of UK Reality TV Shows

2026-01-24T21:36:13Z

QRNeditor: Added winners of 2026 The Traitors

== Big Brother ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2000
|Craig Phillips
|-
|2001
|Brian Dowling
|-
|2002
|Kate Lawler
|-
|2003
|Cameron Stout
|-
|2004
|Nadia Almada
|-
|2005
|Anthony Hutton
|-
|2006
|Pete Bennett
|-
|2007
|Brian Belo
|-
|2008
|Rachel Rice
|-
|2009
|Sophie Reade
|-
|2010
|Josie Gibson
|-
|2011
|Aaron Allard-Morgan
|-
|2012
|Luke Anderson
|-
|2013
|Sam Evans
|-
|2014
|Helen Wood
|-
|2015
|Chloe Wilburn
|-
|2016
|Jason Burrill
|-
|2017
|Isabelle Warburton
|-
|2018
|Cameron Cole
|-
|2023
|Jordan Sangha
|-
|2024
|Ali Bromley
|-
|2025
|Richard Storry
|}

== Celebrity Big Brother ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2001
|Jack Dee
|-
|2002
|Mark Owen
|-
|2005
|Bez Berry
|-
|2006
|Chantelle Houghton
|-
|2007
|Shilpa Shetty
|-
|2009
|Ulrika Jonsson
|-
|2010
|Alex Reid
|-
|2011
|Paddy Doherty
|-
|2012
|Denise Welch
|-
|2012
|Julian Clary
|-
|2013
|Rylan Clark
|-
|2013
|Charlotte Crosby
|-
|2014
|Jim Davidson
|-
|2014
|Gary Busey
|-
|2015
|Katie Price
|-
|2015
|James Hill
|-
|2016
|Scotty T
|-
|2016
|Stephen Bear
|-
|2017
|Coleen Nolan
|-
|2017
|Sarah Harding
|-
|2018
|Courtney Act
|-
|2018
|Ryan Thomas
|-
|2024
|David Potts
|-
|2025
|Jack P. Shepherd
|}

== I’m a Celebrity…Get Me Out of Here! ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2002
|Tony Blackburn
|-
|2003
|Phil Tuffnell
|-
|2004
|Kerry Katona
|-
|2004
|Joe Pasquale
|-
|2005
|Carol Thatcher
|-
|2006
|Matt Willis
|-
|2007
|Christopher Biggins
|-
|2008
|Joe Swash
|-
|2009
|Gino D’Acampo
|-
|2010
|Stacey Solomon
|-
|2011
|Dougie Poynter
|-
|2012
|Charlie Brooks
|-
|2013
|Kian Egan
|-
|2014
|Carl Fogarty
|-
|2015
|Vicky Pattison
|-
|2016
|Scarlett Moffatt
|-
|2017
|Georgia Toffolo
|-
|2018
|Harry Redknapp
|-
|2019
|Jacqueline Jossa
|-
|2020
|Giovanna Fletcher
|-
|2021
|Danny Miller
|-
|2022
|Jill Scott
|-
|2023
|Sam Thompson
|-
|2024
|Danny Jones
|-
|2025
|Angry Ginge
|}

== Love Island ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2005
|Fran Cosgrave and Jayne Middlemiss (Celebrity Love Island)
|-
|2006
|Calum Best and Bianca Gascoigne (Celebrity Love Island)
|-
|2015
|Max Morley and Jessica Hayes
|-
|2016
|Nathan Massey and Cara De La Hoyde
|-
|2017
|Kem Cetinay and Amber Davies
|-
|2018
|Jack Fincham and Dani Dyer
|-
|2019
|Greg O’Shea and Amber Gill
|-
|2020
|Finlay Tapp and Paige Turley
|-
|2021
|Liam Reardon and Millie Court
|-
|2022
|Davide Sanclimenti and Ekin-Su Cülcüloğlu
|-
|2023 (March)
|Kai Fagan and Sanam Harrinanan
|-
|2023 (July)
|Jess Harding and Sammy Root
|-
|2024
|Josh Oyinsan and Mimii Ngulube
|-
|2025
|Cach Mercer and Toni Laites
|}

== Popstars ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2001
|Hear’Say
|-
|2002
|Girls Aloud and One True Voice (Popstars: The Rivals)
|}

== Pop Idol ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2002
|Will Young
|-
|2003
|Michelle McManus
|}

== The X Factor ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2004
|Steve Brookstein
|-
|2005
|Shayne Ward
|-
|2006
|Leona Lewis
|-
|2007
|Leon Jackson
|-
|2008
|Alexandra Burke
|-
|2009
|Joe McElderry
|-
|2010
|Matt Cardle
|-
|2011
|Little Mix
|-
|2012
|James Arthur
|-
|2013
|Sam Bailey
|-
|2014
|Ben Haenow
|-
|2015
|Louisa Johnson
|-
|2016
|Matt Terry
|-
|2017
|Rak-Su
|-
|2108
|Dalton Harris
|}

== Strictly Come Dancing ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2004
|Natasha Kaplinsky and Brendan Cole
|-
|2004
|Jill Halfpenny and Darren Bennett
|-
|2005
|Darren Gough and Lilia Kopylova
|-
|2006
|Mark Ramprakash and Karen Hardy
|-
|2007
|Alesha Dixon and Matthew Cutler
|-
|2008
|Tom Chambers and Camilla Dallerup
|-
|2009
|Chris Hollins and Ola Jordan
|-
|2010
|Kara Tointon and Artem Chigvintsev
|-
|2011
|Harry Judd and Aliona Vilani
|-
|2012
|Louis Smith and Flavia Cacace
|-
|2013
|Abbey Clancy and Aljaz Skorjanec
|-
|2014
|Caroline Flack and Pasha Kovalev
|-
|2015
|Jay McGuiness and Aliona Vilani
|-
|2016
|Ore Oduba and Joanne Clifton
|-
|2017
|Joe McFadden and Katya Jones
|-
|2018
|Stacey Dooley and Kevin Clifton
|-
|2019
|Kelvin Fletcher and Oti Mabuse
|-
|2020
|Bill Bailey and Oti Mabuse
|-
|2021
|Rose Ayling-Ellis and Giovanni Pernice
|-
|2022
|Hamza Yassin and Jowita Przystał
|-
|2023
|Ellie Lynch and Vito Coppola
|-
|2024
|Chris McCausland and Dianne Buswell
|-
|2025
|Karen Carney and Carlos Gu
|}

== Dancing on Ice ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2006
|Gaynor Faye and Daniel Whiston
|-
|2007
|Kyran Bracken and Melanie Lambert
|-
|2008
|Suzanne Shaw and Matt Evers
|-
|2009
|Ray Quinn and Maria Filippov
|-
|2010
|Hayley Tamaddon and Daniel Whitson
|-
|2011
|Sam Attwater and Brianne Delcourt
|-
|2012
|Matthew Wolfenden and Nina Ulanova
|-
|2013
|Beth Tweddle and Daniel Whitson
|-
|2014
|Ray Quinn and Maria Filippov
|-
|2018
|Jake Quickenden and Vanessa Bauer
|-
|2019
|James Jordan and Alexandra Schauman
|-
|2020
|Joe Swash and Alex Murphy
|-
|2021
|Sonny Jay and Angela Egan
|-
|2022
|Regan Gascoigne and Karina Manta
|-
|2023
|Nile Wilson and Olivia Smart
|-
|2024
|Ryan Thomas and Amani Fancy
|-
|2025
|Sam Aston and Molly Lanaghan
|}

== The Apprentice ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2005
|Tim Campbell
|-
|2006
|Michelle Dewberry
|-
|2007
|Simon Ambrose
|-
|2008
|Lee McQueen
|-
|2009
|Yasmini Siadatan
|-
|2010
|Stella English
|-
|2011
|Tom Pellereau
|-
|2012
|Ricky Martin
|-
|2013
|Leah Totton
|-
|2014
|Mark Wright
|-
|2015
|Joseph Valente
|-
|2016
|Alana Spencer
|-
|2017
|Sarah Lynn and James White
|-
|2018
|Sian Gabbidon
|-
|2019
|Carina Lepore
|-
|2020
|Not held due to COVID-19
|-
|2021
|Not held due to COVID-19
|-
|2022
|Harpreet Kaur
|-
|2023
|Marnie Swindells
|-
|2024
|Rachel Woolford
|-
|2025
|Dean Franklin
|}

== Britain's Got Talent ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2007
|Paul Potts
|-
|2008
|George Sampson
|-
|2009
|Diversity
|-
|2010
|Spelbound
|-
|2011
|Jai McDowell
|-
|2012
|Ashleigh Butler and her dog Pudsey
|-
|2013
|Attraction
|-
|2104
|Collabro
|-
|2015
|Jules O'Dwyer and her dog Matisse
|-
|2016
|Richard Jones
|-
|2017
|Tokio Myers
|-
|2018
|Lost Voice Guy
|-
|2019
|Colin Thackery
|-
|2020
|Jon Courtenay
|-
|2021
|Not held due to COVID-19
|-
|2022
|Alex Blake
|-
|2023
|Viggo Venn
|-
|2024
|Syndie Christmas
|-
|2025
|Harry Moulding
|}

== The Voice UK ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2012
|Leanne Mitchell
|-
|2013
|Andrea Begley
|-
|2014
|Jermain Jackman
|-
|2015
|Stevie McCrorie
|-
|2016
|Kevin Simm
|-
|2017
|Mo Adeniran
|-
|2018
|Ruti Olajugbagbe
|-
|2019
|Molly Hocking
|-
|2020
|Blessing Chitapa
|-
|2021
|Craig Eddie
|-
|2022
|Anthonia Edwards
|-
|2023
|Jen and Liv
|-
|2024
|AVA
|}

== Celebrity MasterChef ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2006
|Matt Dawson
|-
|2007
|Nadia Sawalha
|-
|2008
|Liz McClarnon
|-
|2009
|Jayne Middlemiss
|-
|2010
|Lisa Faulkner
|-
|2011
|Phil Vickery
|-
|2012
|Emma Kennedy
|-
|2013
|Adrian Edmondson
|-
|2104
|Sophie Thompson
|-
|2015
|Kimberly Wyatt
|-
|2016
|Alexis Conran
|-
|2017
|Angellica Bell
|-
|2018
|John Partridge
|-
|2019
|Greg Rutherford
|-
|2020
|Riyadh Khalaf
|-
|2021
|Kadeena Cox
|-
|2022
|Lisa Snowdon
|-
|2023
|Wynne Evans
|-
|2024
|Vito Coppola
|-
|2025
|Ginger Johnson
|}

== The Great British Bake Off ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2010
|Edd Kimber
|-
|2011
|Joanne Wheatley
|-
|2012
|John Whaite
|-
|2013
|Frances Quinn
|-
|2014
|Nancy Birtwhistle
|-
|2015
|Nadiya Hussain
|-
|2016
|Candice Brown
|-
|2017
|Sophie Faldo
|-
|2018
|Rahul Mandal
|-
|2019
|David Atherton
|-
|2020
|Peter Sawkins
|-
|2021
|Giuseppe Dell'Anno
|-
|2022
|Syabira Yusoff
|-
|2023
|Matty Edgell
|-
|2024
|Georgie Grasso
|-
|2025
|Jasmine Mitchell
|}

== The Jump ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2014
|Joe McElderry
|-
|2015
|Joey Essex
|-
|2016
|Ben Cohen
|-
|2017
|Spencer Matthews
|}

== The Great British Sewing Bee ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2013
|Ann Rowley
|-
|2014
|Heather Jacks
|-
|2015
|Matt Chapple
|-
|2016
|Charlotte Newland
|-
|2019
|Juliet Uzor
|-
|2020
|Clare Bradley
|-
|2021
|Serena Baker
|-
|2022
|Annie Phillips
|-
|2023
|Asmaa Al-allak
|-
|2024
|Luke-Matthew Iveson
|-
|2025
|Caz
|}

== The Great Pottery Throw Down ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2015
|Matthew Wilcock
|-
|2017
|Ryan Barrett
|-
|2020
|Rosa Wiland Holmes
|-
|2021
|Jodie Neale
|-
|2022
|AJ Simpson
|-
|2023
|Lois Gunn
|-
|2024
|Donna Bloye
|-
|2025
|James Stanley Watson
|}

== RuPaul’s Drag Race UK ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2019
|The Vivienne
|-
|2021
|Lawrence Chaney
|-
|2021
|Krystal Versace
|-
|2022
|Danny Beard
|-
|2023
|Ginger Johnson
|-
|2024
|Kyran Thrax
|-
|2025
|Bones
|}

== Britain's Next Top Model ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2005
|Lucy Ratcliffe
|-
|2006
|Lianna Fowler
|-
|2007
|Lauren McEvoy
|-
|2008
|Alex Evans
|-
|2009
|Mecia Simson
|-
|2010
|Tiffany Pisani
|-
|2011
|Jade Thompson
|-
|2012
|Letitia Herod
|-
|2013
|Lauren Lambert
|-
|2016
|Chloe Keenan
|-
|2017
|Olivia Wardell
|-
|2017
|Ivy Watson
|}

== The Masked Singer ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2020
|Nicola Roberts as “Queen Bee”
|-
|2021
|Joss Stone as “Sausage”
|-
|2022
|Natalie Imbruglia as “Panda”
|-
|2023
|Charlie Simpson as “Rhino”
|-
|2024
|Danny Jones as "Piranha"
|-
|2025
|Samantha Banks as "Pufferfish"
|}

== The Masked Dancer ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2021
|Louis Smith as “Carwash”
|-
|2022
|Heather Morris as “Scissors”
|}

== The Traitors ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2022
|Aaron Evans, Hannah Byczkowski, and Meryl Williams
|-
|2024
|Harry Clark
|-
|2025
|Jake Brown and Leanne Quigley
|-
|2026
|Rachel Duffy and Stephen Libby
|}

== The Celebrity Traitors ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2025
|Alan Carr
|}

Sport and Leisure/Sport 2025

2026-01-16T13:34:25Z

QRNeditor: Added notes for December

== January ==
Jan 2

PDC World Darts Championship semi-finals – Littler bt Bunting, Van Gerwen bt Dobey

Jan 3

PDC final – Littler bt Van Gerwen

Jan 5

United Cup final (Sydney) – USA (Gauff and Fritz) bt Poland (Swiatek and Hurkacz)

Ilona Maher makes her debut for Bristol Bears Women

Jan 6

Hideki Matsuyama sets a new PGA Tour record score for 72 holes of 35 under par in winning the event at The Sentry in Hawaii

Four Hills Tournament – Daniel Tschofenig (Austria)

Jan 7

Tomorrow's Golf League (TGL) starts at the SoFi Center in Florida. Indoor golf league created by Tiger Woods and Rory McIlroy

Jan 9

Graham Potter replaces Julen Lopetegui as manager of West Ham

David Moyes replaces Sean Dyche as manager of Everton

Neil Robertson replaces Ronne O’Sullivan for the Masters

Jan 11

FA Cup third round –Man City 8 (James McAtee 3) Salford 0

Jan 12

FA Cup third round – Spurs bt Tamworth

Jan 13

Former Scotland rugby union captain Peter Brown dies

Jan 13

Australian Open first round – Jacob Fearnley bt Nick Kyrgios

Novak Djokovic is coached by Andy Murray for the first time

Tony Book dies

Jan 16

Amad Diallo hat-trick for Man Utd against Southampton

Jan 17

Australian Open third round – Alexander Zverev bt Jacob Fearnley

Denis Law dies

Jan 18

Australian Open third round – Swiatek bt Radacanu

Justin Kluivert hat-trick for Bournemouth against Newcastle

Masters semi-finals – Murphy bt Allen, Kyren Wilson bt Trump

Sean Murphy makes a 147 break

Jan 19

Australian Open third round – Alcaraz bt Draper

Investec Champions Cup – Toulouse 80 Leicester 12

Masters final – Murphy bt Wilson

Dubai Desert Classic – Tyrell Hatton

Jan 20

International Tennis Federation World Champions. Men’s – Sinner. Women’s – Swiatek

Jan 21

Australian Open quarter-final – Djokovic bt Alcaraz

Longines World’s Best Racehorse – City of Troy and Laurel River

Jan 23

Australian Open women’s semi-finals – Sabalenka bt Badosa, Keys bt Swiatek

Jan 24

Australian Open men’s semi-finals – Zverev bt Djokovic, Sinner bt Shelton

Mixed doubles final – Peers and Gadecki bt Smith and Birrell

Wheelchair men’s doubles – Hewett and Reid

Quad Wheelchair men’s doubles – Lapthorne and Schroder

Jan 25

Australian Open women’s final – Keys bt Sabalenka

Men’s doubles final – Patten and Heliovaara bt Bolelli and Vavassori

Wheelchair men’s singles – Hewett

Dango Outarra hat-trick for Bournemouth against Nottingham Forest

World Indoor Bowls Championship. Men’s – Jason Banks. Women’s – Julie Forrest

Pegasus World Cup – White Abarrio

Jan 26

Australian Open men’s final – Sinner bt Zverev

Women’s doubles final – Siniakova and Townsend bt Hsieh and Ostapenko

AFC Championship Game – Kansas City Chiefs bt Buffalo Bills

NFC Championship Game – Philadelphia Eagles bt Washington Commanders

British Basketball League (BBL) Trophy final – Newcastle Eagles bt Bristol Flyers

WBBL Trophy final – Caledonia Gladiators bt Oaklands Wolves

Naomi Girma moves from San Diego Wave to Chelsea for $1.1 million, breaking the world record for a women's soccer transfer

Jan 27

Big Bash League final – Hobart Hurricanes bt Sydney Thunder. First title. Mitchell Owen hit a century off 39 balls

Jan 28

ICC Cricketer of the Year awards –

Men's Cricketer of the Year (Sir Garfield Sobers Trophy) – Jasprit Bumrah

Men's Test Cricketer of the Year – Jasprit Bumrah

Men's ODI Cricketer of the Year – Azmatullah Omarzai (Afghanistan)

Men's T20 Cricketer of the Year – Arshdeep Singh

Women’s Cricketer of the Year (Rachael Heyhoe Flint Trophy) – Melie Kerr

Women's ODI Cricketer of the Year – Smriti Mandhana

Women's T20 Cricketer of the Year – Melie Kerr

Jan 29

Steve Smith passes the 10,000-run mark in Test cricket

Morgan Rogers hat-trick for Aston Villa against Celtic

Jan 31

Six Nations captains and coaches –

England – Maro Itoje and Steve Borthwick

Wales – Jac Morgan and Warren Gatland

Ireland – Caelan Doris and Simon Easterby

Scotland – Rory Darge and Finn Russell (co-captains) and Gregor Townsend

France – Antoine Dupont and Fabien Galthie

Italy – Michele Lamaro and Gonzalo Quesada

Simon Easterby was named as the interim head coach of the Ireland team while Andy Farrell is in charge of the British and Irish Lions for their tour to Australia

Rory Darge and Finn Russell were named as co-captains of the Scotland team, after original captain Sione Tuipulotu was ruled out of the competition due to injury

France 43 Wales 0. Romaine Ntamack sent off

Six Nations uses twenty-minute red cards for the first time

Jos Buttler criticises India's use of pace bowler Harshit Rana as a concussion substitute in the fourth T20 international, calling the change "not a like-for-like replacement"

== February ==
Feb 1

Women's Ashes: One-off Test (Melbourne) England 170 & 148 Australia 440 (Sutherland 163, Mooney 106) Australia won by an innings and 122 runs

Australia win series 16-0

Nottingham Forest 7 (Wood 3) Brighton 0

Scotland 31 Italy 19. Hat-trick for Huw Jones

Ireland 27 England 22. Cadan Murley scores a try for England on debut

Leeds 7 Cardiff 0

Irish Gold Cup – Galopin des Champs

Feb 2

Fifth T20 international – India 247-9 (Abhishek Sharma 135) England 97. India won by 150 runs

India win series 4-1

German Masters snooker final – Kyren Wilson bt Hawkins

World Masters darts final – Humphries bt Clayton

Irish Champion Hurdle – State Man

Luka Doncic moves from Dallas Mavericks to Los Angeles Lakers. Anthony Davies is traded to the Mavericks in exchange for Doncic

Claressa Shields becomes the undisputed female heavyweight world champion

Feb 3

Transfer deadline day –

Ben Chilwell moves from Chelsea to Crystal Palace on loan

Mathys Tel moves from Bayern Munich to Tottenham on loan

Nico Gonzalez moves from Porto to Man City for £50 million

Marcus Rashford moves from Man Utd to Aston Villa on loan

Marco Asensio moves from Paris St-Germain to Aston Villa on loan

Joao Felix moves from Chelsea to AC Milan on loan

Feb 5

EFL Cup semi-final – Newcastle bt Arsenal

Feb 6

EFL Cup semi-final – Liverpool bt Spurs

Premier League starts in Belfast. Chris Dobey and Stephen Bunting replace Michael Smith and Peter Wright

Mark Hughes is appointed manager of Carlisle Utd

Feb 7

NFL MVP – Josh Allen (Buffalo Bills)

Feb 8

Italy 22 Wales 15

England 26 France 25. Winning try scored by Elliot Daly

Feb 9

FA Cup 4th round – Plymouth 1 (Ryan Hardie) Liverpool 0

Scottish Cup 5th round – Rangers 0 Queen’s Park 1

Scotland 18 Ireland 32

Super Bowl LIX – Philadelphia Eagles 40 Kansas City Chiefs 22

MVP – Jalen Hurts

Game played at Superdome, New Orleans

Half time show headlined by Kendrick Lamar

Feb 11

Warran Gatland leaves as head coach of Wales. Matt Sherratt takes over as interim head coach

Feb 12

European Track Cycling Championships start in Belgium

The last Merseyside derby at Goodison Park finishes 2-2. James Tarkowski scores last-minute equaliser for Everton

Feb 13

Leigh bt Wigan with golden point after the first 0-0 draw in Super League history

Feb 14

Men’s individual pursuit – Josh Charlton

Feb 15

Women’s individual pursuit – Anna Morris, who broke the world record twice in a day

Omar Marmoush hat-trick for Man City against Newcastle

Jannik Sinner accepts a three-month ban from tennis after reaching a settlement with the World Anti-Doping Agency over his two positive drugs tests last year

St Helens 82 Salford 0

Feb 16

Uganda's Jacob Kiplimo becomes the first person to run a half marathon below 57 minutes

European Track Cycling Championships end. Netherlands topped the medal table

Welsh Open final – Selby bt Maguire

Irish jockey Michael O’Sullivan dies

Feb 17

First test event at Everton’s new stadium. First goal scored by Harrison Rimmer for Wigan under-18s

Feb 18

Champions League Knockout Round Play-offs – Bayern Munich bt Celtic

Feb 19

Champions League Knockout Round Play-offs – Mbappe hat-trick for Real Madrid against Man City

Feb 22

Wales 18 Ireland 27. Garry Ringrose receives a 20-minute red card

England 16 Scotland 15. Finn Russell misses a last-minute conversion

ICC Champions Trophy – England 351-8 (Duckett 165) Australia 356-5 (Inglis 120)

World Seniors Darts Championship final – Ross Montgomery bt Graham Usher

Dmitry Bivol bt Artur Beterbiev to win the undisputed light-heavyweight world title

Saudi Cup – Forever Young

Feb 23

Mirra Andreeva becomes the youngest player to claim a WTA 1000 title after the 17-year-old won the Dubai Tennis Championships

Italy 24 France 73. A championship record of 14 tries were scored in the match

Philippe Clement is sacked as manager of Rangers

Mikaela Shiffrin wins 100th Alpine skiing World Cup race

Feb 26

ICC Champions Trophy – Afghanistan 325-7 (Ibrahim Zadran 177) England 317 (Root 120)

== March ==
Mar 1

ICC Champions Trophy – England 179 South Africa 181-3

Joss Buttler resigns as captain of England

Wigan bt Warrington. Match played in Las Vegas, in first-ever Super League match played outside the UK

Australia Jillaroos 90 Great Britain Lionesses 4. Match played in Las Vegas

World Open final – John Higgins bt Joe O’Connor

Mar 2

UK Open darts final – Littler bt Wade

HSBC Women’s World Championship – Lydia Ko

Mar 4

ICC Champions Trophy semi-final – India bt Australia

Champions League round of 16 – PSV Eindhoven 1 Arsenal 7

LeBron James becomes the first player in NBA history to score 50,000 combined points (regular season and postseason)

Mar 5

ICC Champions Trophy semi-final – New Zealand bt South Africa

Mar 6

Fred Stolle dies

European Indoor Athletics Championships start in Apeldoorn, Netherlands

Mar 7

Lauren Price bt Natasha Jonas to unify the welterweight division

Mar 8

Ireland 27 France 42. Damian Penaud scores his 38th international try, to become France's joint top try scorer in test history (tied with Serge Blanco)

Scotland 35 Wales 29

Men’s 60m – Jeremiah Azu

Brian Waites dies

Mar 9

England 47 Italy 24. 100th Test cap for Jamie George

World Grand Prix final – Robertson 10 Bingham 0

ICC Champions Trophy final (Dubai) – India bt New Zealand

Player of the Series – Rachin Ravindra (New Zealand)

Men’s 3000m – Jakob Ingebritsen. Silver – George Mills

Women’s 3000m – Sarah Healy (Ireland). Silver – Melissa Courtney-Bryant

Dick McTaggart dies

Mar 11

Champion Hurdle – Golden Ace (Lorcan Williams), trained by Jeremy Scott. 2nd Burdett Road 3rd Winter Fog (150-1)

Supreme Novices Hurdle is renamed as a tribute to jockey Michael O'Sullivan

Champions League round of 16 – Paris St-Germain bt Liverpool

Foster and Partners to design new Man Utd stadium

Mar 12

Queen Mother Champion Chase – Marine Nationale

Mar 13

Stayers’ Hurdle – Bob Olinger

Ryanair Chase – Fact to File

Mar 14

Gold Cup – Inothewayurthinkin (Mark Walsh), trained by Gavin Cromwell. 2nd Galopin des Champs 3rd Gentlemansgame. Corbetts Cross suffered a fatal injury after a fall

Prestbury Cup – Ireland bt GB

Leading Jockey – Paul Townend

Leading Trainer – Willie Mullins

Mar 15

Italy 17 Ireland 22. Hat-trick for Dan Sheehan

Wales 14 England 68. Tommy Freeman scored in all five games. Two tries on debut for Henry Pollock

France 35 Scotland 16. Louis Bielle-Biarrey scored in all five games

Thomas Ramos becomes France's all-time top test points scorer, overtaking the record of 436 held by Frederic Michalak

Six Nations final table – France, England, Ireland, Scotland, Italy, Wales

Leading points scorer – Thomas Ramos (71)

Leading try scorer – Louis Bielle-Biarrey (8)

Player of the tournament – Louis Bielle-Biarrey

The Six Nations Championship concluded with 829 points and 108 tries scored across 15 matches – both new tournament records

Women’s League Cup final – Chelsea bt Man City

Women’s Premier League final – Mumbai Indians bt Delhi Capitals

Mar 16

EFL Cup final – Newcastle 2 (Burn, Isak) Liverpool 1 (Chiesa). Newcastle win first major trophy since 1969 Fairs Cup and first domestic silverware since 1955 FA Cup

Premiership Women's Rugby final – Gloucester-Hartpury bt Saracens

Premiership Rugby Cup final – Bath bt Exeter

Formula 1 teams –

Red Bull – Max Verstappen, Liam Lawson

McLaren – Lando Norris, Oscar Piastri

Ferrari – Charles Leclerc, Lewis Hamilton

Mercedes – George Russell, Andrea Kimi Antonelli (Italy)

Aston Martin – Fernando Alonso, Lance Stroll

Alpine – Pierre Gasly, Jack Doohan (Australia)

Racing Bulls – Yuki Tsunoda, Isack Hadjar (France)

Haas – Esteban Ocon, Oliver Bearman

Williams – Carlos Sainz, Alexander Albon

Sauber – Nico Hulkenberg, Gabriel Bortoleto (Brazil)

Australian GP – Norris, Verstappen, Russell. 5th Antonelli. 10th Hamilton

Indian Wells women’s final – Andreeva bt Sabalenka

Indian Wells men’s final – Draper bt Rune

The Players Championship – McIlroy bt J.J. Spaun in a play-off

Mar 20

Eddie Jordan dies

Kirsty Coventry is elected as the new president of the International Olympic Committee. 2nd Juan Antonio Samaranch Jr 3rd Sebastian Coe

Mar 21

World Indoor Athletics Championships start in Nanjing

Men’s 60m – Azu

England 2 (Lewis-Skelly, Kane) Albania 0

First game as England manager for Thomas Tuchel. Debuts for Myles Lewis-Skelly and Dan Burn

Mar 22

George Foreman dies

Women’s 400m – Amber Anning

Jon Lewis sacked as coach and Heather Knight sacked as captain of England women’s cricket team

Sprint race at Chinese GP won by Lewis Hamilton

Oscar Piastri takes pole position for the first time for the Chinese GP

Mar 23

Chinese GP – Piastri, Norris, Russell

Men’s 1500m – Ingebrigtsen. Silver – Neil Gourley

Women’s 1500m. Bronze – Georgia Hunter Bell

USA topped the medal table

Players Championship final – Kyren Wilson bt Trump

Mar 24

Morgan Rogers debut for England against Latvia. First England goal for Eberechi Eze

Mar 25

TGL final – Atlanta Drive GC bt New York GC

Mar 26

Liam Lawson swaps places with Japanese driver Yuki Tsunoda and return to Red Bull's second team, Racing Bulls, after being dropped by Red Bull after two races

Mar 27

Peter Lever dies

Alpine Ski World Cup –

Men’s overall and downhill – Marco Odermatt

Women’s overall and downhill – Federica Brignone

Mar 28

Daria Kasatkina switches her allegiance to Australia

Mar 29

Miami Open women’s final – Sabalenka bt Pegula

Miami Open men’s doubles final – Arevalo and Pavic bt Cash and Glasspool

World Figure Skating Championships (Boston) –

Men – Ilia Malinin (USA)

Women – Aylsa Liu (USA)

Pairs – Riku Miura and Ryuichi Kihara (Japan)

Ice dance – Madison Chock and Evan Bates (USA). Bronze – Lilah Fear and Lewis Gibson

Mar 30

Scottish Challenge Cup final –Livingston bt Queen’s Park

Men’s Ski Jumping World Cup – Daniel Tschofenig

Women’s Ski Jumping World Cup – Nika Prevc

Freestyle Ski and Snowboard World Championships (St Moritz) –

Women’s ski halfpipe – Zoe Atkin

Women’s snowboard cross. Silver – Charlotte Bankes

Lincoln Handicap – Godwinson

Miami Open men’s final – Jakub Mensik (Czech Republic) bt Djokovic

Rory McIlroy becomes the second golfer after Tiger Woods to exceed $100m (£77m) in career earnings on the PGA Tour

== April ==
Apr 1

Charlotte Edwards is appointed head coach of England women’s cricket team

Apr 3

Aintree Hurdle – Lossiemouth

Apr 4

Melling Chase – Jonbon

Topham Chase – Gentleman De Mee

Apr 5

Grand National – Nick Rockett (Patrick Mullins), trained by Willie Mullins 2nd I Am Maximus 3rd Grangeclare West

Willie Mullins trained the horses that finished first, second, third, fifth and seventh

Celebre d’Allen died following the race. Jockey Michael Nolan was handed a 10-day suspension

Champions Cup round of 16 – Toulon 72 Saracens 42

Champions Cup round of 16 – Leinster 62 Harlequins 0

Dubai World Cup – Hit Show

Apr 6

Japanese GP – Verstappen, Norris, Piastri

Somerset 670-7 (Banton 371) vs Worcestershire

Southampton are the first Premier League side to be relegated with seven games left after losing to Spurs

Tour Championship snooker final – Higgins bt Selby

Alex Ovechkin becomes the National Hockey League's highest all-time scorer by hitting his 895th career goal to surpass Wayne Gretzky's 31-year mark

Apr 7

Harry Brook is named England white-ball captain

Apr 9

Masters par 3 contest – Nicolas Echavarria

Apr 11

Jimmy Anderson is awarded a knighthood in Rishi Sunak's resignation honours list

Apr 12

Semi-automated offsides start in Premier League

Scottish Grand National – Captain Cody

Apr 13

Bahrain GP – Piastri, Russell, Norris

The Masters – McIlroy 2nd Rose 3rd Reed

McIlroy won on first play-off hole

The Boat Race – Cambridge win men’s and women’s races

EFL Trophy final – Peterborough bt Birmingham. Currently known as the Vertu Trophy for sponsorship reasons

Apr 14

Jackson Page becomes the first player to make a maximum 147 break twice in one match in qualifier for the World Snooker Championship, winning £147,000

Apr 15

Champions League quarter-finals – PSG bt Aston Villa, Barcelona bt Borussia Dortmund

Apr 16

Champions League quarter-finals – Arsenal bt Real Madrid, Inter Milan bt Bayern Munich

Apr 17

Europa League quarter-final – Athletic Bilbao bt Rangers, Man Utd bt Lyon 5-4 (7-6 on aggregate)

Apr 19

Fourteen-year-old Vaibhav Suryavanshi hits his first ball for six having become the youngest player to ever feature in the Indian Premier League

World Snooker Championship first round – Lei Peifan bt Kyren Wilson

Apr 20

Saudi Arabia GP – Piastri, Verstappen, Leclerc

Apr 21

Leeds Utd 6 (Joel Piroe 4) Stoke 0. Leeds are promoted to the Premier League

Irish Grand National – Haiti Couleurs

Wisden leading cricketers in the world – Jasprit Bumrah and Smriti Mandhana

Cricketers of the Year – Gus Atkinson, Liam Dawson, Sophie Ecclestone, Jamie Smith, Dan Worrall

World's leading T20 player – Nicholas Pooran

Laureus World Sports Awards –

Sportsman of the Year award – Armand Duplantis

Sportswoman of the Year award – Simone Biles

Team of the Year award – Real Madrid

Breakthrough of the Year award – Lamine Yamal

Comeback of the Year award – Rebeca Andrade

Sportsperson of the Year with a Disability award – Yuyan Jiang (Chinese para swimmer)

Action Sportsperson of the Year award – Tom Pidcock

Sport for Good award – Kick4Life (football in Lesotho)

Apr 24

World Snooker Championship first round – Ben Woolaston bt Mark Selby

Apr 25

World Snooker Championship second round – Mark Allen 147 against Chris Wakelin

Apr 26

FA Cup semi-final – Crystal Palace bt Aston Villa

Women's Six Nations – England 43 France 42

England win a fourth consecutive Women's Six Nations Grand Slam and a seventh straight title

Top points scorer –

Morgane Bourgeois (France) 73

Top try scorer – Abby Dow (England) 6

Chris Eubank Jr bt Conor Benn. Fight held at Tottenham Hotspur Stadium

Apr 27

London Marathon –

Men’s – Sabastian Sawe (Kenya). 14th Alex Yee

Women’s – Tigst Assefa (Ethiopia) in a women's-only record time. 8th Eilish McColgan

Men’s wheelchair – Marcel Hug (Switzerland). Seventh win

Women’s wheelchair – Catherine Debrunner (Switzerland)

FA Cup semi-final – Man City bt Nottingham Forest

Liverpool 5 Spurs 1. Liverpool win 20th title

Women’s Champions League semi-finals – Barcelona bt Chelsea 8-2 on aggregate, Arsenal bt Lyon

Gloucester 79 Exeter17

NFL draft first pick – Cam Ward (Tennessee Titans)

Chevron Championship – Mao Saigo (Japan)

EFL Awards –

Championship Manager of the Year – Scott Parker (Burnley)

Championship Player of the Year – Gustavo Hamer (Sheffield Utd)

Championship Young Player of the Year – Jobe Bellingham (Sunderland)

Apr 28

Rajasthan Royals' 14-year-old batter Vaibhav Suryavanshi becomes the youngest player to hit a century in men's T20s

Apr 29

Nat Sciver-Brunt is appointed as captain of England women’s cricket team

== May ==
May 2

Gregg Popovich steps down from his position as head coach of the San Antonio Spurs after 29 seasons with the team

May 3

2000 Guineas – Ruling Court (William Buick), trained by Charlie Appleby

Kentucky Derby – Sovereignty

World Snooker Championship semi-finals – Zhao Xintong bt O’Sullivan 17-7, Williams bt Trump 17-14

Kimi Antonelli, aged 18, becomes the youngest driver to take a Formula 1 pole position in the sprint event at the Miami Grand Prix

British jump trainers' championship – Willie Mullins

British jump jockeys' championship – Sean Bowen

European Champions Cup semi-final – Leinster 34 Northampton 37

May 4

1000 Guineas – Desert Flower (William Buick), trained by Charlie Appleby

Madrid Open men’s final – Ruud bt Draper

European Champions Cup semi-final – Bordeaux bt Toulouse

Peter McParland dies

Miami GP – Piastri, Norris, Russell

World Rugby Sevens Series (SVNS) – Argentina

May 5

World Snooker Championship final – Zhao Xintong bt Williams 18-12

Jochen Mass dies

May 6

Champions League semi-final – Inter Milan bt Barcelona 7-6 on aggregate

May 7

Champions League semi-final – PSG bt Arsenal

Argentine Franco Colapinto will drive for Alpine for the next five Grands Prix, replacing Jack Doohan

NHL expansion team Utah Hockey Club are renamed Utah Mammoth

May 8

Europa League semi-finals – Spurs bt Bodo / Glint (Norway), Man Utd bt Athletic Bilbao

Europa Conference League semi-final – Chelsea bt Djurgarden (Sweden), Real Betis bt Fiorentina

May 9

FWA Footballer of the Year – Mo Salah

Women’s Award – Alessia Russo (Arsenal)

Giro d’Italia starts in Durres, Albania

May 10

World Snooker Tour Player of the Year – Judd Trump

Saracens 75 Newcastle 28

Women’s Super League – Chelsea. Sixth successive title

May 11

FA Trophy final – Aldershot Town bt Spennymoor Town

FA Vase final – Whitstable Town bt AFC Whyteleafe

World Snooker Seniors Championship final – Alfie Burden bt Aaron Canavan

Badminton Horse Trials – Rosalind Canter, riding Lordships Graffalo

May 12

Real Madrid manager Carlo Ancelotti will leave at the end of the season to become the new national team coach of Brazil

May 17

FA Cup final – Crystal Palace 1 (Eze) Man City 0. Henderson saved a penalty from Marmoush

Italian Open women’s final – Paolini bt Gauff

Preakness Stakes – Journalism

May 18

Women’s FA Cup final – Chelsea bt Man Utd

Italian Open men’s final – Alcaraz bt Sinner

Everton 2 (Ndiaye 2) Southampton 0. Final Premier League match at Goodison Park. The new arena at Bramley Moore Dock is now known as the Hill Dickinson Stadium

Jamie Vardy scores his 200th goal for Leicester City in his 500th - and final - appearance for the club

Emilia-Romagna Grand Prix (Imola) – Verstappen, Norris, Piastri

US PGA Championship (Quail Hollow) – Scheffler. 2nd DeChambeau, Harris English, Davis Riley

World Squash Championships (Chicago). Men – Mostafa Asal (Egypt). Women – Nour El Sherbini (Egypt). 8th title for El Sherbini

Super League Basketball Championship final – Leicester Riders bt Newcastle Eagles

Women's Super League play-off final – Sheffield Hatters bt Oaklands Wolves

May 20

Nino Benvenuti dies

May 21

Europa League final (Bilbao) – Spurs 1 (Johnson) Man Utd 0

May 22

Sam Cook makes debut for England against Zimbabwe

May 23

European Challenge Cup final (Cardiff) – Bath bt Lyon

May 24

Championship play-off final – Sunderland 2 Sheffield Utd 1. Winning goal scored by Tom Watson

Promoted – Leeds, Burnley, Sunderland

Relegated – Luton, Plymouth, Cardiff

Leading scorer – Joel Piroe (Leeds) 19 goals

Burnley only conceded 16 goals, and did not concede more than one goal in any match

Scottish Cup final – Aberdeen bt Celtic

Women’s Champions League final (Lisbon) – Arsenal 1 (Blackstenius) Barcelona 0

Champions Cup final (Cardiff) – Bordeaux 28 Northampton 20. Man-of-the-match – Maxime Lucu

Premier League player of the season – Mo Salah

One-off Test (Trent Bridge) England 565-6 dec (Pope 171, Duckett 140, Crawley 124) Zimbabwe 265 (Bennett 139) and 255 (Bashir 6-81). England won by an innings and 45 runs

May 25

Premier League – Liverpool. 2nd Arsenal. 3rd Man City

Relegated – Leicester, Ipswich, Southampton

Leading Scorer – Mo Salah (Liverpool) 29 goals

Southampton ended the season with 12 points, one more than Derby County's record Premier League low total of 11 points from 2007-08

League One play-off final – Charlton bt Leyton Orient

Promoted – Birmingham, Wrexham, Charlton

Relegated – Bristol Rovers, Crawley, Cambridge, Shrewsbury

Leading scorer – Charlie Kelman (Leyton Orient) 21 goals

Birmingham ended the season with an EFL record 111 points

Monaco GP – Norris, Leclerc, Piastri

Xabi Alonso leaves Bayer Leverkusen to become manager of Real Madrid

Erik Ten Hag is appointed head coach of Bayer Leverkusen

Indianapolis 500 – Alex Palou

Pakistan Super League final – Lahore Qalandars bt Quetta Gladiators

Men's Ice Hockey World Championships – USA

World’s strongest man – Rayno Nel (South Africa)

May 26

League Two play-off final – Wimbledon bt Walsall

Promoted – Doncaster, Port Vale, Bradford City, Wimbledon

Relegated – Carlisle, Morecambe

Leading scorer – Michael Cheek (Bromley)

Scottish Premiership – Celtic. 2nd Rangers

Relegated – St. Johnstone, Ross County

Leading scorer – Cyriel Dessers (Rangers)

Scottish Premiership play-off – Livingston bt Ross County

Scottish Championship – Falkirk

Scottish League One – Arbroath

Scottish League Two – Peterhead

Highland League – Brora Rangers

Lowland League – East Kilbride

Scottish League Two play-off final – East Kilbride bt Bonnyrigg Rose

European Artistic Gymnastics Championships start in Leipzig

May 27

Premier League Manager of the Season – Arne Slot

League Managers Association manager of the year – Arne Slot

Serie A – Napoli. MVP – Scott McTominay (Napoli)

La Liga – Barcelona

Bundesliga – Bayern Munich

Primeira Liga – Sporting CP

Ligue 1 – Paris St-Germain

Eredivisie – PSV Eindhoven

World Women's Snooker Championship – Bai Yulu

Men’s Team gymnastics – GB

May 28

Europa Conference League final (Wroclaw) – Chelsea 4 Real Betis 1

French Open women’s singles second round – Swiatek bt Radacanu

Mixed Team. Silver – GB (Jake Jarman and Ruby Evans)

May 29

French Open women’s singles second round – Keys bt Boulter

Premier League Darts finals night (O2 Arena). Semi-finals – Humphries bt Aspinall, Littler bt Price. Final – Humphries bt Littler

May 30

Men’s Floor – Luke Whitehouse. Silver – Harry Hepworth

Jeremie Frimpong moves from Bayer Leverkusen to Liverpool

May 31

Champions League final (Munich) – Paris St-Germain 5 Inter Milan 0. Desire Doue scores two goals and was named man of the match

Bath finish top of Premiership Rugby. Newcastle Falcons finish bottom

A-League Grand Final – Melbourne City bt Melbourne Victory

French Open men’s singles third round – Norrie bt Fearnley

Men’s vault. Silver – Jake Jarman

== June ==
Jun 1

National League Promotion Play-offs final – Oldham bt Southend

National League champions – Barnet

Spanish GP – Piastri, Russell, Leclerc

Joe Root becomes England's leading run-scorer in ODI cricket, overtaking Eoin Morgan (6,957 runs)

U.S. Women’s Open – Maja Stark (Sweden)

Giro d’Italia – Simon Yates (Visma-Lease a Bike)

Jun 2

French Open men’s singles fourth round – Djokovic bt Norrie, Bublik bt Draper

Jun 3

Premiership Rugby player of the year – Tomos Williams (Gloucester)

Premiership Women's Rugby player of the year – Meg Jones (Leicester)

England player of the year – Tommy Freeman (Northampton)

England women player of the year – Zoe Aldcroft (Gloucester-Hartpury)

Breakthrough player of the season – Henry Pollock (Northampton)

Indian Premier League final – Royal Challengers Bengaluru bt Punjab Kings

Player of the series – Suryakumar Yadav (Mumbai Indians)

Most runs (Orange Cap) – Sai Sudharsan (Gujarat Titans)

Most wickets (Purple Cap) – Prasidh Krishna (Gujarat Titans)

UEFA Nations League semi-final – Portugal bt Germany

Jun 5

French Open women’s semi-finals – Sabalenka bt Swiatek, Gauff bt Lois Boisson (France)

Lois Boisson was a wildcard and world number 361

French Open mixed doubles final – Errani and Vavassori bt Townsend and King

UEFA Nations League semi-final – Spain 5 France 4

Russell Martin is appointed as manager of Rangers

Jun 6

French Open men’s semi-finals – Alcaraz bt Musetti, Sinner bt Djokovic

Ange Postecoglou sacked as manager of Spurs

Premiership Rugby semi-final – Bath bt Bristol

The Oaks – Minnie Hauk (Ryan Moore), trained by Aidan O’Brien

Jun 7

Epsom Derby – Lambourn (Wayne Lordan), trained by Aidan O’Brien. 2nd Lazy Griff 3rd Tennessee

French Open women’s final – Gauff bt Sabalenka

French Open men’s doubles final – Granollers and Zeballos bt Salisbury and Skupski

Premiership Rugby semi-final – Leicester bt Sale

Women’s Challenge Cup final – Wigan bt St Helens

Challenge Cup final – Hull KR bt Warrington. Lance Todd trophy – Marc Sneyd (Warrington)

Belmont Stakes – Sovereignty

Jun 8

French Open men’s final – Alcaraz bt Sinner. The match lasted five hours and 29 minutes - the longest French Open final in history

French Open women’s doubles final – Errani and Paolini bt Danilina and Krunic

UEFA Nations League final – Portugal 2 Spain 2. Portugal won on penalties

Jun 9

Uriah Rennie dies

Jun 10

England 1 Senegal 3. First time that England have lost to an African nation. Match played at City Ground, Nottingham

First summer transfer window closes –

Matheus Cunha moves from Wolves to Man Utd

Dean Huisjen moves from Bournemouth to Real Madrid

Rayan Ait-Nouri moves from Wolves to Man City

Rayan Cherki moves from Lyon to Man City

Tijjani Reijnders moves from AC Milan to Man City

Liam Delap moves from Ipswich to Chelsea

Jobe Bellingham moves from Sunderland to Borussia Dortmund

Nicholas Pooran retires from international cricket

Jun 12

Kevin de Bruyne moves from Man City to Napoli

Trent Alexander-Arnold moves from Liverpool to Real Madrid

Brentford manager Thomas Frank moves to Spurs

Patrick Reed makes albatross in first round of US Open

Aaron Rodgers moves from New York Jets to Pittsburgh Steelers

Jun 14

ICC World Test Championship final (Lord’s) – Australia 212 (Rabada 5-51) and 207 South Africa 138 (Cummins 6-28) and 282-5 (Markram 136). South Africa won by five wickets

Premiership Rugby final – Bath 23 Leicester 21. Man of the match – Guy Pepper. Bath’s first title since 1996

Premiership Rugby top try scorer – Ollie Hassell-Collins (Leicester), Gabriel Ibitoye (Bristol) 13 tries

Premiership Rugby top points scorer – Finn Russell (Bath) 156 points

United Rugby Championship final – Leinster bt Bulls

World Cup of Darts second round – Germany bt England (Littler and Humphries)

King’s Birthday Honours –

Knighthood – David Beckham, Billy Boston

CBE – Virginia Wade

OBE – Deta Hedman, Devon Malcolm

MBE – Luke Littler, Luke Humphries, Michael Dunlop

Jun 15

Canadian GP – Russell, Verstappen, Antonelli. First podium for Antonelli

WTA Queen's Club Championships final – Tatjana Maria (Germany) bt Amanda Anisimova (USA)

World Cup of Darts final – Northern Ireland (Gurney and Rock) bt Wales (Price and Clayton)

US Open (Oakmont) – Spaun. 2nd Macintyre. 3rd Hovland

Le Mans 24 Hours – Ferrari 499P (Robert Kubica, Yifei Ye, Phil Hanson)

FIFA Club World Cup Group C – Bayern Munich 10 Auckland City 0

English Greyhound Derby – Droopys Plunge

Jun 17

St James’s Palace Stakes – Field of Gold

Stanley Cup finals – Florida Panthers bt Edmonton Oilers

Finals MVP – Sam Bennett

Regular season MVP – Connor Hellebuyck (Winnipeg Jets)

Regular season top scorer – Nikita Kucherov (Tampa Bay Lightning)

Jun 18

Prince of Wales's Stakes – Ombudsman

Royal Hunt Cup – My Cloud

Jun 19

Gold Cup – Trawlerman (William Buick)

King George V Stakes – Merchant

Jun 20

Coronation Stakes – Cercene

Leading jockey at Ascot – Ryan Moore

Leading trainer at Ascot – John and Thady Gosden

Florian Wirtz moves from Bayer Leverkusen to Liverpool for £116 million

British and Irish Lions 24 Argentina 28. Match played in Dublin

Ian McLauchlan dies

Jun 21

ATP Queen's Club Championships semi-finals – Jiri Lehecka (Czech Republic) bt Draper, Alcaraz bt Bautista Agut

Ian McLauchlan dies

Super Rugby Pacific final – Crusaders bt Chiefs

Jun 22

ATP Queen's Club Championships final – Alcaraz bt Lehecka

ATP Queen's Club Championships doubles final – Cash and Glasspool bt Mektic and Venus

David ‘Syd’ Lawrence dies

NBA finals – Oklahoma City Thunder bt Indiana Pacers

Finals MVP – Shai Gilgeous-Alexander (Oklahoma City Thunder)

Regular season MVP – Shai Gilgeous-Alexander

Regular season top scorer – Shai Gilgeous-Alexander

Women’s PGA Championship – Minjee Lee

Hickstead Derby – Robert Whitaker

Jun 24

Anderson–Tendulkar Trophy is awarded to the winner of each Test cricket series between England and India

First Test (Headingley) India 471 (Gill 147, Pant 134, Jaiswal 101) and 364 (Rahul 137, Pant 118) England 465 (Pope 106, Brook 99, Bumrah 5-83) & 373-5 (Duckett 149) England won by five wickets

Josh Tongue took three wickets in four balls

Jun 25

18-year-old Cooper Flagg is selected with the first overall pick by Dallas Mavericks in the NBA draft

Jun 26

Milos Kerkez moves from Bournemouth to Liverpool

Jun 27

Keith Andrews is appointed as manager of Brentford

Ruud van Nistelrooy is sacked as manager of Leicester City

Barry Hills dies

Jun 28

British and Irish Lions bt Western Force in the first game of their tour of Australia

Tomos Williams sustains a hamstring injury ruling him out for the rest of the tour, leaving Jac Morgan as the only Welsh player in the squad

Women’s T20 – India 210-5 (Mandhana 112) England 113

UEFA U21 Championship final (Bratislava) – England 3 Germany 2. Winning goal scored by Jonathan Rowe

Player of the tournament – Harvey Elliott

Eastbourne International women’s final – Joint bt Eala

Eastbourne International men’s final – Fritz bt Brooksby

Top 14 final – Toulouse bt Bordeaux-Begles

Jun 29

Wayne Larkins dies

Austrian GP – Norris, Piastri, Leclerc. 8th Bortoleto, scoring his first points in Formula 1

Irish Derby – Lambourn

Jun 30

Surrey 820-9 dec (Sibley 305) against Durham

FIFA Club World Cup Last 16 – Al-Hilal 4 Man City 3

== July ==
Jul 2

UEFA Women's Euro 2025 starts in Switzerland

Wimbledon men’s singles second round – Alvarez bt Oliver Tarvet

Jarell Quansah moves from Liverpool to Bayer Leverkusen

Joao Pedro moves from Brighton to Chelsea

Jul 3

Diogo Jota dies

Wimbledon men’s singles second round – Djokovic bt Evans, Cilic bt Draper

Jul 4

Wimbledon women’s singles third round – Sabalenka bt Radacanu

Jul 5

Coral-Eclipse Stakes – Delacroix

Tour de France Grand Depart takes place in Lille

Group D – France 2 England 1

Kyle Walker moves from Man City to Burnley

Jul 6

British GP – Norris, Piastri, Hulkenberg. First-ever podium for Hulkenberg

Second Test (Edgbaston) India 587 (Gill 269) and 428-6 dec (Gill 161) England 407 (Brook 158, Smith 184, Siraj 6-70) and 271 (Deep 6-99) India won by 336 runs

Wimbledon women’s singles fourth round – Anastasia Pavlyuchenkova bt Sonay Kartal

Netball Super League grand final – London Pulse bt Loughborough Lightning

Copa America final (Houston) – Mexico bt USA

Martin Zubimendi moves from Real Sociedad to Arsenal

Jul 7

South Africa’s captain Wiann Mulder declares on 367 not out against Zimbabwe

Jul 8

Wimbledon men’s singles quarter-final – Alcaraz bt Norrie

FIFA Club World Cup semi-final – Chelsea 2 Fluminense 0. Joao Pedro scores both goals on his Chelsea debut

Jul 9

Laurent Mekies replaces Christian Horner as team principal at Red Bull

FIFA Club World Cup semi-final – PSG 4 Real Madrid 0

Group D – England 4 Netherlands 0

State of Origin – Queensland Maroons bt New South Wales Blues

Jul 10

Mohammed Kudus moves from West Ham to Spurs for £55 million

Wimbledon women’s singles semi-finals – Anisimova bt Sabalenka, Swiatek bt Bencic

Wimbledon mixed doubles final – Siniakova and Verbeek bt Stefani and Salisbury

Jul 11

World Aquatics Championships start in Singapore

Wimbledon men’s singles semi-finals – Alcaraz bt Fritz, Sinner bt Djokovic

Joe Root breaks Rahul Dravid’s record of 210 Test match catches by a non-wicketkeeper

Crystal Palace demoted from Europa League over ownership rules

Anthony Elanga moves from Nottingham Forest to Newcastle

Jul 12

Wimbledon women’s singles final – Swiatek bt Anisimova 6-0 6-0. First double bagel in a Wimbledon final since 1911

Wimbledon men’s doubles final – Cash and Glasspool bt Hijikata and Pel. First all-British pair to win the men's doubles since 1936

Men’s doubles wheelchair – De La Puente and Spaargaren bt Hewett and Reid

Women’s wheelchair – Wang Ziying

Wales rugby union team break 18-match losing run with win in Japan

Jul 13

Wimbledon men’s singles final – Sinner bt Alcaraz

Wimbledon women’s doubles final – Kudermetova and Mertens bt Hsieh and Ostapenko

Men’s wheelchair – Oda bt Hewett

Scottish Open – Chris Gotterup (USA)

Evian Championship – Grace Kim. 3rd Lottie Woad

FIFA Club World Cup final (MetLife Stadium, New Jersey) – Chelsea 3 (Palmer 2, Joao Pedro) PSG 0

Group D – England 6 Wales 1

Jul 14

Third Test (Lord’s) England 387 (Root 104, Bumrah 5-74) and 192 India 387 (Rahul 100) and 170 England won by 22 runs

Ben Healy becomes the first Irish rider to claim the yellow jersey in the Tour de France for 38 years

Australia bowl out West Indies for 27, just one run more than New Zealand's 26 all out against England in 1955. Mitchell Starc took 6-9, including his 400th Test wicket

Jul 17

Canada forward Olivia Smith becomes the most expensive signing in women's football history by completing a £1m move to Arsenal from Liverpool

Quarter-final – England 2 (Bronze, Agyemang) Sweden 2. England win 3-2 on penalties

Nine of the 14 penalties in the shootout were missed

Ruth Chepngetich, the women's marathon world record holder, is provisionally suspended after testing positive for a banned substance

Jul 18

Noni Madueke moves from Chelsea to Arsenal

Sean Longstaff moves from Newcastle to Leeds

Jul 19

First Test (Suncorp Stadium, Brisbane) – Australia 19 British and Irish Lions 27

First Lions try scored by Sione Tuipulotu

Oleksandr Usyk stops Daniel Dubois to reclaim undisputed heavyweight title

Quarter-final – Germany 1 France 1. Germany win 6-5 on penalties

Hole in one for John Parry at The Open Championship

Jul 20

The Open Championship (Royal Portrush) – Scheffler. 2nd English. 3rd Gotterup

All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship final – Tipperary bt Cork

Jul 21

Bryan Mbeumo moves from Brentford to Man Utd for £65 million

Jul 22

Semi-final – England 2 (Agyemang, Kelly) Italy 1

Joey Jones dies

British and Irish Lions bt First Nations & Pacifica XV

Jul 23

Semi-final – Spain 1 Germany 0

Championship League Snooker final – Maguire bt O’Connor

Hugo Ekitike moves from Eintracht Frankfurt Liverpool for £69 million

Marcus Rashford moves from Man Utd to Barcelona on loan

Jul 24

Hulk Hogan dies

Jul 25

Root overtakes Kallis, Dravid and Ponting to go second in all-time Test run-scorers' list

Jul 26

Second Test (MCG) – Australia 26 British and Irish Lions 29. Winning try scored by Hugo Keenan

King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes – Calandagan

Ray French dies

Viktor Gyokeres moves from Sporting to Arsenal for £64 million

Jul 27

UEFA Women’s Euro final (Basel) – England 1 (Russo) Spain 1 (Caldentey). England won 3-1 on penalties. Winning penalty scored by Chloe Kelly. Player of the Match – Hannah Hampton

Top scorer – Esther Gonzalez (Spain) 4 goals

Best player – Aitana Bonmati (Spain)

Best young player – Michelle Agyemang

Tour de France – 1st Tadej Pogacar (UAE Team Emirates XRG) 2nd Jonas Vingegaard 3rd Florian Lipowitz 4th Oscar Onley

Points – Jonathan Milan

Mountains – Tadej Pogacar

Youth – Florian Lipowitz

Combativity – Ben Healy

Team – Visma-Lease a Bike

Belgium GP – Piastri, Norris, Leclerc

Fourth Test (Old Trafford) India 358 (Stokes 5-72) and 425-4 (Jadeja 107*, Gill 103, Sundar 101*) England 669 (Root 150, Stokes 141) Match drawn

World Matchplay final – Littler bt Wade. Littler completes the Triple Crown of World Championship, Premier League, and World Matchplay

Women’s World Matchplay final – Ashton bt Sherrock

Formula E World Championship – Oliver Rowland (Nissan)

All-Ireland Senior Football Championship final – Kerry bt Donegal

Senior Open Championship – Padraig Harrington

Lottie Woad wins Women’s Scottish Open on professional debut

Jul 28

Morecambe are suspended from the National League

Jul 29

Goodwood Cup – Scandinavia

James Trafford moves from Burnley to Man City

Joao Felix moves from Chelsea to Al-Nassr

Women’s 3m synchronised springboard. Silver – GB (Scarlet Mew Jensen and Yasmin Harper)

Jul 30

Leon Marchand breaks Ryan Lochte’s 200m medley world record

Sussex Stakes – Qirat, at odds of 150-1

Luis Diaz moves from Liverpool to Bayern Munich for £65 million

Granit Xhaka moves from Bayer Leverkusen to Sunderland

Jul 31

Nassau Stakes – Whirl

Men’s 100m freestyle – David Popovici

Popovici retained the titles in the 100m and 200m freestyle events

== August ==
Aug 1

Yu Zidi, aged 12, becomes the youngest swimmer in history to win a medal at the World Aquatics Championships

Men’s 4x200m freestyle relay – GB (Richards, Guy, McMillan, Scott)

Aug 2

Third Test (Stadium Australia, Sydney) Australia 22 British and Irish Lions 12. Lions win series 2-1

Top tour try scorer – Duhan van de Merwe (5)

Top tour points scorer – Finn Russell (44)

Top points scorer for Lions in Test matches – Finn Russell (15)

Top points scorer for Australia in Test matches – Tom Lynagh (14)

Women's Rugby World Cup warm-up – England 97 Spain 7

Men’s 50m freestyle – Cameron McEvoy (Australia). Silver – Ben Proud

Women’s 800m freestyle – Katie Ledecky. Seventh consecutive win

Aug 3

AIG Women's Open (Royal Porthcawl) – Miyu Yamashita (Japan). 2nd Charley Hull

Hungarian GP – Norris, Piastri, Russell

Shanghai Masters final – Kyren Wilson bt Carter

Tour de France Femmes – Pauline Ferrand Prevot

China finished top of the medal table at the World Aquatics Championships

Summer McIntosh won four gold medals

Aug 4

Fifth Test (The Oval) – India 224 (Atkinson 5-33) and 396 (Jaiswal 118, Tongue 5-125) England 247 and 367 (Brook 111, Root 105, Siraj 5-104). India won by six runs. Series drawn 2-2

Chris Woakes came out to bat with his arm in a sling to support Gus Atkinson when England needed 17 to win

Aug 6

Son Heung-min moves from Spurs to Los Angeles FC

Steve Tandy appointed as head coach of Wales rugby union team

Aug 7

Benjamin Sesko moves from RB Leipzig to Man Utd for £74 million

Canadian Open – Victoria Mboko, a wildcard who began the year ranked 333rd in the world

Aug 9

Darwin Nunez moves from Liverpool to Al-Hilal

Arlington Million – Fort Washington

Aug 10

Community Shield – Crystal Palace bt Liverpool. Hugo Ekitike and Jeremie Frimpong score on debut for Liverpool

Hull FC 80 Salford 6

Aug 12

Red Bull take over Newcastle Falcons

Former Premier League referee David Coote is given an eight-week suspension by the Football Association for comments made about Jurgen Klopp on social media

Jack Grealish moves from Man City to Everton on loan

Aug 13

UEFA Super Cup (Udine) – PSG bt Spurs

Aug 15

First goal in Premier League – Hugo Ekitike for Liverpool against Bournemouth

Premier League shirt sponsors: Burnley – 96.com, Leeds Utd – Red Bull, Nottingham Forest – Bally’s, Sunderland – W88, West Ham – BoyleSports

Ronnie O'Sullivan compiles two 147 breaks in his victory over Chris Wakelin in the semi-finals of the Saudi Arabia Masters

Aug 16

Former Australia Test captain and coach Bob Simpson dies

First red card in Premier League – Ezri Konsa for Aston Villa against Newcastle

Oval Invincibles score 226-4 in The Hundred. Highest-ever score in the competition

Saudi Arabia Masters final – Robertson bt O’Sullivan

Dango Ouattara moves from Bournemouth to Brentford

Aug 17

Jacob Ramsey moves from Aston Villa to Newcastle

LIV Golf individual champion – Jon Rahm

BMW Championship – Scheffler. 2nd MacIntyre

Aug 19

PFA Awards –

Men’s player of the year – Mo Salah

Men’s young player of the year – Morgan Rogers

Women’s player of the year – Mariona Caldentey

Women's young player of the year – Olivia Smith

US Open mixed doubles matches are played in best-of-three-sets with short sets to four games, no-advantage scoring, tiebreakers at four-all, and a 10-point match tiebreak in lieu of a third set

US Open mixed doubles round of 16 – Pegula and Draper bt Raducanu and Alcaraz

Aug 20

Panjab Warriors purchase Morecambe FC. Ashvir Singh Johal becomes the first Sikh to take charge of a professional British club with his appointment as Morecambe manager

US Open mixed doubles semi-finals – Swiatek and Ruud bt Pegula and Draper

Final – Errani and Vavassori bt Swiatek and Ruud

Fluminense goalkeeper Fabio makes his 1391st appearance in men’s football, breaking Peter Shilton’s world record

Aug 22

Women’s Rugby World Cup Pool A (Stadium of Light) – England 69 United States 7. First try scored by Sadia Kabeya

Aug 23

Eberechi Eze moves from Crystal Palace to Arsenal for £60 million

15-year-old Max Dowman makes debut for Arsenal

Scotland bt Wales. Hat-trick for Francesca McGhie

Julia Schell scores six tries for Canada against Fiji

Vuelta a Espana starts in Turin

Aug 24

Iliman Ndiaye scores first goal in Premier League at Everton’s new stadium, against Brighton

Tour Championship and FedEx Cup – Tommy Fleetwood. First PGA Tour win

Aug 25

16-year-old Rio Ngumoha scores winning goal for Liverpool against Newcastle Utd

Tyler Dibling moves from Southampton to Everton

Angela Mortimer dies

Aug 26

Champions League play-offs – Kairat Almaty bt Celtic

Aug 27

Carabao Cup – Grimsby 2 Man Utd 2. Grimsby won 12-11 on penalties. Bryan Mbuemo missed the last penalty

Carabao Cup – Oxford Utd 0 Brighton 6

Champions League play-offs – Club Brugge 6 Rangers 0. Club Brugge won 9-1 on aggregate

Aug 28

Diamond League Final (Weltklasse, Zurich)

Men’s 100m – Christian Coleman

Men’s 200m – Noah Lyles

Men’s 400m – Jacory Patterson

Men’s 800m – Emmanuel Wanyonyi. 2nd Max Burgin

Men’s 400m hurdles – Karsten Warholm

Men’s high jump – Hamish Kerr

Men’s pole vault – Armand Duplantis

Men’s shot put – Jo Kovacs

Women’s 100m – Julien Alfred

Women’s 200m – Brittany Brown

Women’s 800m – Audrey Werro. 2nd Georgia Hunter Bell

Women’s 400m hurdles – Femke Bol

Women’s pole vault – Katie Moon

Women's discus – Valerie Allman

Morgan Lake becomes the first British woman to break two metres in the high jump

Aug 29

US Open third round – Rybakina bt Radacanu, Djokovic bt Norrie

Xavi Simons moves from RB Leipzig to Spurs

Aug 30

The Hundred – Davina Perrin hits 101 off 43 balls for Northern Superchargers

Women’s Rugby World Cup Pool A (Franklin’s Gardens) – England 92 Samoa 3

Women’s Rugby World Cup Pool A – USA 31 Australia 31

Alejandro Garnacho moves from Man Utd to Chelsea

Nick Woltemade moves from Stuttgart to Newcastle Utd for £69 million

Aug 31

Dutch GP – Piastri, Verstappen, Hadjar. First podium for Hadjar

The Hundred finals (Lord’s). Men’s – Oval Invincibles bt Trent Rockets. Women’s – Northern Superchargers bt Southern Brave

Third successive win for Oval Invincibles Men

Southern Brave Women had won all eight group matches

Men: most runs – Jordan Cox (Oval Invincibles), most wickets – Josh Tongue (Manchester Originals)

Women: most runs – Phoebe Litchfield (Northern Superchargers), most wickets – Lauren Bell (Southern Brave)

Men’s player of the series – Jordan Cox (Oval Invincibles)

Women’s player of the series – Phoebe Litchfield (Northern Superchargers)

Women’s Rugby World Cup Pool D – France 84 Brazil 5

IndyCar Series – Alex Palou (Chip Ganassi Racing). Fourth win

== September ==
Sep 1

Transfer deadline day –

Alexander Isak moves from Newcastle to Liverpool for a British record £125m

Yoane Wissa moves from Brentford to Newcastle

Senne Lammens moves from Royal Antwerp to Man Utd

Kevin moves from Shakhtar Donetsk to Fulham

Antony moves from Man Utd to Real Betis

Jamie Vardy moves from Leicester to Cremonese

Joe Bugner dies

Europe make just one change to the Ryder Cup side that beat the United States in 2023, with Rasmus Hojgaard replacing his twin brother Nicolai

Sep 2

Sonny Baker concedes 76 runs in seven overs in England ODI debut against South Africa

Ederson moves from Man City to Fenerbache

Gianluigi Donnarumma moves from Paris St-Germain to Man City

Sep 3

US Open women’s quarter-final – Anisimova bt Swiatek

Sep 4

US Open women’s semi-finals – Sabalenka bt Pegula, Anisimova bt Osaka

Sep 5

US Open men’s semi-finals – Alcaraz bt Djokovic, Sinner bt Auger-Aliassime

US Open women’s doubles final – Siniakova and Townsend bt Dabrowski and Routliffe

Sep 6

US Open women’s singles final – Sabalenka bt Anisimova

US Open men’s doubles final – Granollers and Zebaloss bt Salisbury and Skupski

Women’s Rugby World Cup Pool A (Brighton & Hove Albion Stadium) – England 47 Australia 7

World Cup qualifier (Villa Park) England 2 Andorra 0. Debut for Elliot Anderson

Sep 7

Italian GP – Verstappen, Norris, Piastri

US Open men’s singles final – Alcaraz bt Sinner

Third ODI – England 414-5 (Bethell 110, Root 100) South Africa 72 (Archer 4-18). England won by 342 runs, the biggest winning margin in men’s ODIs

Burghley Horse Trials – Ros Canter, riding Lordships Graffalo

Women’s Rugby World Cup final pool standings –

Pool A – England, Australia, United States, Samoa

Pool B – Canada, Scotland, Fiji, Wales

Pool C – New Zealand, Ireland, Japan, Spain

Pool D – France, South Africa, Italy, Brazil

Tour of Britain – Romain Gregoire

Geraint Thomas retires

Walker Cup – USA bt Great Britain and Ireland

Sep 9

Ange Postecoglou replaces Nuno Espirito Santo as manager of Nottingham Forest

World Cup qualifier – Norway 11 (Haaland 5) Moldova 1

World Cup qualifier – Serbia 0 England 5

Sep 10

Olympic swimmer Ben Proud becomes the first British athlete to join the Enhanced Games

Sep 11

Andre Onana moves from Man Utd to Trabzonspor on loan

Sep 12

Second T20 – England 304-2 (Salt 141*) South Africa 158. England won by 146 runs

Arthur Fery makes Davis Cup debut for GB against Poland

Sep 13

World Athletics Championships start in Tokyo

Men’s shot put – Ryan Crouser

Women’s 10000m – Beatrice Chebet

T20 Blast Finals Day (Edgbaston). Semi-finals – Somerset bt Lancashire Lightning, Hampshire Hawks bt Northamptonshire Steelbacks. Final – Somerset bt Hampshire Hawks

St Leger – Scandinavia (Tom Marquand), trained by Aidan O’Brien

Women’s Rugby World Cup quarter-finals – New Zealand bt South Africa, Canada bt Australia

Terence Crawford bt Saul 'Canelo' Alvarez to become the first male fighter to be undisputed champion across three weight divisions in the four-belt era

Sep 14

Men’s 100m – Oblique Seville (Jamaica)

Women’s 100m – Melissa Jefferson-Wooden

Women’s marathon – Peres Jepchirchir. Silver – Tigst Assefa

Women’s long jump – Tara Davis-Woodhall

Ricky Hatton dies, aged 46

Vuelta e Espana – Jonas Vingegaard. 2nd Joao Almeida. 3rd Tom Pidcock

There had been various protests against the Israel-Premier Tech team throughout the Vuelta, forcing some stages to be shortened and the final stage to be abandoned

BMW PGA Championship – Alex Noren

Women’s Rugby World Cup quarter-finals (Ashton Gate) – England 40 Scotland 8

France bt Ireland

World Series of Darts final – Van Gerwen bt Littler

Speedway Grand Prix – Bartosz Zmarzlik. 2nd Brady Kurtz (Australia). Sixth world title for Zmarzlik

Sep 15

Men’s pole vault – Armand Duplantis, with a world record of 6.30 m

Sep 16

Men’s high jump – Hamish Kerr

Women’s 1500m – Faith Kipyegon. Fourth title

Bodo/Glimt (Norway), Kairat (Kazakhstan), Pafos (Cyprus), and Union Saint-Gilloise (Belgium) make their debut appearances in the Champions League phase/group stage

Sep 17

Men’s 1500m – Isaac Nader (Portugal). Silver – Jake Whiteman

Women’s pole vault – Katie Moon

Sep 18

Men’s javelin – Kershorn Walcott

Women’s 400m – Sydney McLaughlin-Levrone

Jose Mourino replaces Melissa Bruno Lage as manager of Benfica

League Leaders’ Shield – Hull KR

Sep 19

Men’s 200m – Noah Lyles

Women’s 400m hurdles – Femke Bol

Women’s 200m – Melissa Jefferson-Wooden. Silver – Amy Hunt. Bronze – Shericka Jackson

Women’s Rugby World Cup semi-final – Canada bt New Zealand

Sep 20

Women’s 5000m – Beatrice Chebet. Silver – Faith Kipyegon

Heptathlon – Anna Hall. Silver – Kate O’Connor (Ireland). Bronze – Katarina Johnson-Thompson and Taliyah Brooks (tied on 6581 points)

Women’s Rugby World Cup semi-final (Ashton Gate) – England bt France

Metro Bank One Day Cup men’s final – Worcestershire Rapids bt Hampshire

BJK Cup semi-final – USA 2 GB 0. Navarro bt Kartal, Pegula bt Boulter

Liverpool Women manager Matt Beard dies

Sep 21

Men’s 5000m – Cole Hocker

Men’s discus – Daniel Stahl

Women’s 800m – Lilian Odira (Kenya). Silver – Georgia Hunter Bell. Bronze – Keely Hodgkinson

Women’s 4 x 100m relay – USA. Silver – Jamaica (including Shelly-Anne Fraser-Pryce)

Final medal table – 1st USA (16-5-5) 26, 2nd Kenya (7-2-2) 11, 21st GB (0-3-2) 5

GB failed to win a gold medal or a relay medal for the first time since 2003

Billie Jean King Cup final – Italy 2 USA 0. Cocciaretto bt Navarro, Paolini bt Pegula

Azerbaijan GP – Verstappen, Russell, Sainz

Metro Bank One Day Cup women’s final – Lancashire bt Hampshire

UCI Road Cycling World Championships start in Rwanda

Men’s time trial – Remco Evenepoel. Third successive title

Women’s time trial – Marlen Reusser (Switzerland)

Laver Cup – Team World bt Team Europe. Team captains – Andre Agassi and Yannick Noah

English Open snooker final – Mark Allen bt Zhou Yuelong

Sep 22

Ballon d’Or awards –

Player of the Year – Ousmane Dembele and Aitana Bonmati. Third successive win for Bonmati

Coach of the Year (Johan Cruyff Trophy) – Luis Enrique and Sarina Wiegman

Best young player (Kopa Trophy) – Lamine Yamal and Vicky Lopez

Club of the year – PSG and Arsenal women

Goalkeeper of the year (Yashin Trophy) – Gianluigi Donnarumma and Hannah Hampton

Sep 23

Dickie Bird dies

Carabao Cup third round – Barnsley 0 Brighton 6 (Diego Gomez 4)

Alexander Isak scores his first goal for Liverpool against Southampton

Sep 24

Eberechi Eze scores his first goal for Arsenal against Port Vale

Sep 26

World Para Athletics Championships start in New Delhi

Sep 27

Women’s Rugby World Cup final (Twickenham) – England 33 Canada 13

Player of the match – Sadia Kabeya

Captain – Zoe Aldcroft

Coach – John Mitchell

Record crowd for women's rugby of 81,885

Third place play-off – New Zealand 42 France 26

World Rugby Women’s Player of the Year – Sophie de Goede (Canada)

AFL Grand Final – Brisbane Lions bt Geelong

Cambridgeshire Handicap – Boiling Point

County Championship – Nottinghamshire. Runners-up – Surrey. Relegated – Durham, Worcestershire

Division 2 – Leicestershire. Promoted – Glamorgan

Nuno Espirito Santo replaces Graham Potter as manager of West Ham

Women’s road race – Magdeleine Vallieres (Canada)

Sep 28

Ryder Cup (Bethpage Black, New York) – USA 13 Europe 15

Lowry sank the putt to retain the Ryder Cup

Hatton sank the putt to win the Ryder Cup

Aberg was the only player to win for Europe on final day

Hovland was unable to play on final day due to injury

Leading points scorers – Europe: Fleetwood (4), USA: Schauffele and Young (3)

2027 Ryder Cup will be held at Adare Manor in Ireland

Men’s road race – Tadej Pogacar. 2nd Remco Evenepoel. 3rd Ben Healy

British Open snooker final – Murphy bt McGill

== October ==
Oct 1

Newcastle Red Bulls part company with director of rugby Steve Diamond

Oct 4

The Rugby Championship – South Africa

Final match between Argentina and South Africa was played at Twickenham

Speedway of Nations – Australia

Oct 5

Singapore GP – Russell, Verstappen, Norris

McLaren win constructors championship with six races to spare

Women's Super League Grand Final – Wigan Warriors bt St Helens

Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe – Daryz. 2nd Minnie Hauk

Alfred Dunhill Links Championship – Rob MacIntyre

NRL Grand Final – Brisbane Broncos bt Melbourne Storm

British Touring Car Championship – Tom Ingram

Russell Martin sacked as manager of Rangers

World Para Athletics Championships end. Brazil topped the medal table. Hannah Cockroft won three gold medals

RFL Championship Grand Final – Toulouse Olympique bt York Knights

Oct 9

Djed Spence makes debut for England against Wales

Steve Prescott Man of Steel – Jake Connor (Leeds Rhinos)

Woman of Steel – Eva Hunter (Wigan Warriors)

PCA Player of the Year – Jordan Cox

Young Player – Rehan Ahmed

Women’s Player – Emma Lamb

Women’s Young Player – Davina Perrin

Oct 10

WNBA Finals – Las Vegas Aces bt Phoenix Mercury

Oct 11

Super League Grand Final – Hull KR bt Wigan Warriors. Rob Burrow award for Man of the Match – Mikey Lewis

Cesarewitch – Beylerbeyi

Oct 12

World Grand Prix final – Littler bt Humphries

Chicago Marathon. Men’s – Jacob Kiplimo (Uganda). Women’s – Hawi Feysa (Ethiopia)

ICC Women's World Cup group stage – India 330 Australia 331-7 (Healy 142). Record women's one-day international chase

Oct 17

Bradford Bulls are promoted to Super League for 2026 and will replace Salford Red Devils after they were awarded the highest Grade B status under the sport's grading system. Other new teams – Toulouse Olympique and York Knights

Champion flat jockey – Oisin Murphy

Champion flat trainer – Aidan O’Brien

Oct 18

Mateta hat-trick for Crystal Palace against Bournemouth

Nottingham Forest manager Ange Postecoglou is sacked after 39 days

Champion Stakes – Calandagan

Champions Sprint Stakes – Powerful Glory at odds of 200-1. Powerful Glory is the longest-priced winner of a top-level British Group One race

Oct 19

United States GP – Verstappen, Norris, Leclerc

Grand Sumo Tournament at the Royal Albert Hall in London won by Hoshoryu

Superbike World Championship – Toprak Razgatlıoğlu

British Superbike Championship – Kyle Ryde

World Artistic Gymnastics Championships start in Jakarta

Oct 20

Sean Dyche is appointed as manager of Nottingham Forest

Shohei Ohtani hits three home runs and throws 10 strikeouts against Milwaukee Brewers as the LA Dodgers make it back to the World Series

Oct 22

Women’s World Cup group match – England 244-9 Australia 248-4 (Gardner 104*, Sutherland 98*)

UCI Track Cycling World Championships start in Santiago

Men's Individual All-Around – Daiki Hashimoto (Japan)

Oct 23

Women's marathon world record-holder Ruth Chepngetich is banned for three years after admitting to anti-doping rule violations

Cricket Media Club awards –

Bob Willis Trophy – Joe Root

Young Cricketer – Rehan Ahmed

Women’s Cricket Award – Lauren Bell

Oct 24

Men’s individual pursuit – Josh Charlton

Men’s points – Josh Tarling

Sheffield Wednesday enter administration and are deducted 12 points

Men’s floor – Jake Jarman. Silver – Luke Whitehouse

Men’s horizontal bar. Bronze – Joe Fraser

Women’s floor. Silver – Ruby Evans. Bronze – Abigail Martin

Oct 25

Women’s individual pursuit – Anna Morris

Women’s Madison – GB (Katie Archibald and Madelaine Leech)

Alana King takes 7-18 for Australia against South Africa in Women’s World Cup group match

Jess Fishlock retires after winning 166 caps for Wales

UFC heavyweight champion Tom Aspinall retains his belt after title fight against Ciryl Gane is declared a no-contest because of eye poke from Gane

Fabio Wardley bt Joseph Parker to claim the WBO heavyweight 'interim' title

Oct 26

Men’s sprint – Harrie Lavreyson (Netherlands). Silver – Matthew Richardson

European Championship darts final – Van Veen bt Humphries

Mexico City GP – Norris, Leclerc, Verstappen. 4th Bearman

Oct 27

Brendan Rodgers resigns as manager of Celtic. Martin O’Neill returns to Celtic as interim manager

Game three in World Series takes 18 innings and lasts six-and-a-half hours

Oct 29

Women’s World Cup semi-final – South Africa 319-7 (Wolvaardt 169) England 194 (Kapp 5-20). South Africa won by 125 runs

Oct 30

Women’s World Cup semi-final – Australia 338 (Litchfield 119) India 341-5 (Rodrigues 127*). India won by five wickets. Highest successful chase in women's one-day international history

Oct 31

Willie Young dies

== November ==
Nov 1

Autumn Nations Series – England bt Australia and regain the Ella-Mobbs trophy. Australia’s try scored by Harry Potter

Autumn Nations Series – Scotland 85 USA 0

World Series – Los Angeles Dodgers 4 Toronto Blue Jays 3. MVP – Yoshinobu Yamamoto

American League MVP – Aaron Judge (New York Yankees)

National League MVP – Shohei Ohtani (Los Angeles Dodgers)

Australia bt England at Hill Dickinson Stadium to retain Rugby League Ashes

League of Ireland – Shamrock Rovers

Breeders’ Cup Classic – Forever Young

Nov 2

Vitor Pereira sacked as manager of Wolves

Women’s World Cup final (Navi Mumbai) – India 298-7 (Shafali Verma 87) South Africa 246 (Wolvaardt 101, Deepti Sharma 5-39) India won by 52 runs

Player of the series – Deepti Sharma

Most runs – Laura Wolvaardt

Most wickets – Deepti Sharma

NASCAR Cup Series – Kyle Larson

Nov 4

Melbourne Cup – Half Yours (Jamie Melham). Melham becomes only the second woman to win the race

WTA Tour group placings –

Steffi Graf Group – Sabalenka, Pegula, Gauff, Paolina

Serena Williams Group – Rybakina, Anisimova, Swiatek, Keys. Alexandrova replaced Keys for the third match

Nov 8

WTA Tour finals (Saudi Arabia) –

Singles final – Rybakina bt Sabalenka

Doubles final – Kudermetova and Mertens bt Babos and Stefani

Nov 9

Sao Paulo GP – Norris, Antonelli, Verstappen

International Championship snooker final – Wu Yize bt Higgins

Nov 11

Middlesbrough manager Rob Edwards moves to Wolves

Richard Sharp dies

Nov 13

Nico O’Reilly makes England debut against Serbia

Troy Parrott scores twice for Ireland against Portugal. Ronaldo is sent off for the first time in international football

Nov 14

Former world heavyweight champion Joseph Parker tests positive for cocaine

Nov 15

Autumn Nations Series – England 33 New Zealand 19

Autumn Nations Series – Wales 24 Japan 23. Wales end a record run of 10 successive home Test defeats

ATP World Tour Finals semi-finals –

Sinner bt De Minaur, Alcaraz bt Auger-Aliassime

Alcaraz becomes year-end world number one

Doubles – Helioevaara and Patten bt Bolelli and Vavassori, Salisbury and Skupski bt Cash and Glasspool

Conor Benn bt Chris Eubank Jr. Fight held at Tottenham Hotspur Stadium

Nov 16

Jarell Quansah makes England debut against Albania

UEFA World Cup qualifier – Hungary 2 Ireland 3 (Parrott 3)

DP World Tour Championship – Matt Fitzpatrick

Rory McIlroy wins his seventh Race to Dubai title. 2nd Marco Penge

ATP World Tour Finals (Turin) –

Final – Sinner bt Alcaraz

Doubles final – Helioevaara and Patten bt Salisbury and Skupski

Grand Slam of Darts final (Wolverhampton) – Littler bt Humphries

Littler becomes world number one for the first time

Champion of Champions final (Leicester) – Selby bt Trump

Grey Cup – Saskatchewan Roughriders bt Montreal Alouettes

MotoGP – Marc Marquez. 2nd Alec Marquez

Constructors’ champion – Ducati

Moto2 – Diogo Moreira (Brazil)

Moto3 – Jose Antonio Rueda

MotoE – Alessandro Zaccone

Nov 18

UEFA World Cup qualifier – Scotland 4 Denmark 2

Scotland qualify for finals for first time since 1998

Wales 7 (Harry Wilson 3) North Macedonia 1

Curacao become smallest nation to qualify for World Cup

Nov 19

Cartier Racing Awards –

Horse of the Year – Calandagan

Award of Merit – Brough Scott

Nov 21

Riyadh Season Snooker Championship final – Zhao Xintong bt Neil Robertson

Nov 22

First Test (Optus Stadium, Perth) England 172 (Starc 7-58) and 164 Australia 132 (Stokes 5-23) and 205-2 (Head 123) Australia won by eight wickets

In the first two-day Ashes Test since 1921, Head hit the second-fastest Ashes hundred of all time, made off only 69 balls

Autumn Nations Series – Wales 26 New Zealand 52. Tom Rogers hat-trick for Wales

Las Vegas GP – Verstappen, Russell, Antonelli. Norris and Piastri are disqualified after the skid blocks on both cars were found after the race to be less than the minimum depth allowed in the rules

World Rugby Player of the Year – Malcolm Marx (South Africa)

Nov 23

Davis Cup final (Bologna) – Italy bt Spain. Berrettini and Cobolli won their singles matches

Eze hat-trick for Arsenal against Spurs

Players Championship final (Minehead) – Littler bt Aspinall

World Youth Championship final – Gian van Veen bt Beau Greaves

Nov 24

Everton's Idrissa Gueye sent off for striking team-mate Michael Keane in a match against Man Utd

BBC Women's Footballer of the Year – Hannah Hampton

Nov 25

William Hill Sports Book of the Year – “The Escape: The Tour, The Cyclist and Me” by David Walsh and Pippa York. The book charts York’s 11 Tour de France appearances when she was known as Robert Millar

Nov 27

Fuzzy Zoeller dies

Nov 28

Imran Sherwani dies

Nov 29

England 8 (Stanway 3) China 0

Autumn international – Wales 0 South Africa 73. Sacha Feinberg-Mngomezulu scored 28 points

Copa Libertadores final (Lima) – Flamengo bt Palmeiras

British heavyweight title – Jeamie TKV bt Frazer Clarke

World Rally Championship – Sebastien Ogier, driving a Toyota. Ninth title for Ogier. Elfyn Evans is runner-up for the fifth time

Nov 30

Qatar GP – Verstappen, Piastri, Sainz

Billy Bonds dies

World Athletics Awards. Men– Armand Duplantis, Women – Sydney McLaughlin-Levrone

== December ==
Dec 1

Sheffield Wednesday are given a further six-point deduction by the English Football League for regulation breaches. Former owner Dejphon Chansiri also receives a three-year ban from owning or being a director at any EFL club

Dec 2

Robin Smith dies

UK Championship first round – Zhou Yeolong bt Ronnie O’Sullivan

Fulham 4 Man City 5. Erling Haaland becomes the quickest player to reach 100 goals in Premier League history, in 111 games

Dec 3

Salford Red Devils are wound up by the High Court over outstanding debts

Dec 4

Major League Soccer club Columbus Crew manager Wilfried Nancy moves to Celtic

Joe Root hits first-ever Test century in Australia in his 30th innings

Mosconi Cup (Alexandra Palace) – Europe bt USA. MVP – Moritz Neuhausen (Germany)

Dec 5

World Cup draw (Washington) –

Group L – England, Croatia, Ghana, Panama

Group C – Scotland, Brazil, Morocco, Haiti

Donald Trump wins Fifa Peace Prize

Dec 6

MLS Cup – Inter Miami bt Vancouver Whitecaps

Dec 7

Abu Dhabi GP – Verstappen, Piastri, Norris

Final standings – 1st Lando Norris 423 points, 2nd Max Verstappen 421 points, 3rd Oscar Piastri 410 points

Constructors – 1st McLaren 833 points, 2nd Mercedes 469 points, 3rd Red Bull 451 points

Formula 2 Championship – Leonardo Fornaroli (Italy)

UK Championship final – Selby bt Trump

Chelsea's record 34-game unbeaten run in Women's Super League ended by Everton

Second Test (Brisbane) England 334 (Root 138*, Starc 6-75) and 241 (Neser 5-42) Australia 511 and 69-2 Australia won by eight wickets

Hero World Challenge – Hideki Matsuyama

Dec 9

Dixie Deans dies

Dec 13

Women’s Big Bash final – Hobart Hurricanes bt Perth Scorchers

Aged 71, Paul Lim becomes the oldest player to win a match at the PDC Darts World Championship

Dec 14

Nitin Kumar becomes the first Indian player to win a match at the PDC Darts World Championship

Scottish League Cup final – St. Mirren bt Celtic

Dec 15

Man Utd 4 Bournemouth 4

WTA Player of the Year – Aryna Sabalenka

PGA Tour player of the year award – Scottie Scheffler. Fourth consecutive win

Dec 16

FIFA Best Awards –

Best Men’s Player – Ousmane Dembele

Best Women’s Player – Aitana Bonmati

Best Men’s Coach – Luis Enrique

Best Women’s Coach – Sarina Wiegman

Best Men’s Goalkeeper – Gianluigi Donnarumma

Best Women’s Goalkeeper – Hannah Hampton

Dec 17

FIFA Intercontinental Cup final (Qatar) – Paris Saint-Germain bt Flamengo

Dec 18

BBC Sports Personality of the Year – 1st Rory McIlroy 2nd Ellie Kildunne 3rd Lando Norris

Other nominees – Hannah Hampton, Chloe Kelly, Luke Littler

World Sport Star – Armand Duplantis

Coach of the Year – Sarina Weigman

Team of the Year – Europe’s Ryder Cup Team

Young Personality – Michelle Agyemang

Lifetime Achievement Award – Thierry Henry

Helen Rollason Award – Sergio Aguiar and David Stancombe. Fathers of two of the young girls killed in Southport last year. Ran the London Marathon in 2025

For the first time since 2003, the BBC Sports Unsung Hero Award was not awarded

300/1 shot Blowers becomes longest-priced winner in UK history

David Munyua becomes the first Kenyan player to win a match at the PDC Darts World Championship

Dec 19

Anthony Joshua bt Jake Paul. Fight held in Miami

PDC Darts World Championship first round – Daryl Gurney bt Beau Greaves

Dec 21

Third Test (Adelaide) Australia 371 (Carey 106, Archer 5-53) and 349 (Head 170) England 286 and 352 Australia won by 82 runs

Australia retain the Ashes in only 11 days of cricket

Scottish Open snooker final – Chris Wakelin bt Chang Bingyu

Africa Cup of Nations (AFCON) starts in Morocco

Dec 24

Masashi 'Jumbo' Ozaki dies

Dec 25

John Robertson dies

Dec 26

King George VI Chase – The Jukebox Man. Owned by Harry Redknapp

Dec 27

Fourth Test (Melbourne) Australia 152 (Tongue 5-45) and 132 England 110 and 178-6 England won by four wickets

First Test victory in Australia since 2011

Welsh Grand National – Haiti Couleurs

Kevin Schade hat-trick for Brentford against Bournemouth

Dec 28

Battle of the Sexes (Dubai) Kyrgios bt Sabalenka

Dec 31

Billy Loughnane breaks Kieren Fallon’s record for the most wins (221) in a calendar year this century

New Years Honours –

Knighthood – Christopher Dean

Dame – Jayne Torvill

Honorary Dame – Sarina Weigman

CBE – Leah Williamson, Jonathan Davis

OBE – Gabby Logan, Paula Radcliffe, Marlie Packer, Zoe Aldcroft, John Mitchell

MBE – Ellie Kildunne

Entertainment/Film Festivals

2026-01-11T14:42:15Z

QRNeditor: Brought up to date

== The Big Five ==

=== Cannes Film Festival ===
The festival previews new films of all genres, including documentaries, from around the world. It has become an important showcase for European films.

'''History'''

The film festival was founded in 1946, partly due to a desire to compete with the Venice Film Festival, which had a fascist bias in the late-1930s. In 1939, the city of Cannes was selected as the location for a free film festival. The first edition was planned to be held in September 1939 but was cancelled due to World War II and relaunched in 1946. The festival is usually held in May.

Eleven films were honoured at the first edition, including ''Brief Encounter''.

The 21st Cannes Film Festival was to have been held from 10 to 24 May 1968, but was cancelled to show solidarity with the students and workers who were demonstrating in what became known as the May ‘68 movement.

'''Awards'''

Palme d’Or
[[File:Palme d'Or 2023.svg|center|thumb]]

The Palme d'Or is the highest prize awarded at the Cannes Film Festival. It was introduced in 1955. Previously, from 1939 to 1954, the festival's highest prize was the Grand Prix du Festival International du Film. In 1964, The Palme d'Or was replaced again by the Grand Prix, before being reintroduced in 1975.

In 1955, the first Palme d'Or was awarded to Delbert Mann for ''Marty''.

Recent winners:
{| class="wikitable"
|2013
|''Blue is the Warmest Colour''
|Abdellatif Kechiche (France)
|-
|2014
|''Winter Sleep''
|Nuri Bilge Ceylan (Turkey)
|-
|2015
|''Dheepan''
|Jacques Audiard (France)
|-
|2016
|''I, Daniel Blake''
|Ken Loach (United Kingdom)
|-
|2017
|''The Square''
|Ruben Ostlund (Sweden)
|-
|2018
|''Shoplifters''
|Hirokazu Kore-eda (Japan)
|-
|2019
|''Parasite''
|Bong Joon-ho (South Korea)
|-
|2020
|Cancelled due to COVID-19
|
|-
|2021
|''Titane''
|Julia Ducournau (France)
|-
|2022
|''Triangle of Sadness''
|Ruben Ostlund (Sweden)
|-
|2023
|''Anatomy of a Fall''
|Justine Triet (France)
|-
|2024
|''Anora''
|Sean Baker (USA)
|-
|2025
|''It Was Just an Accident''
|Jafar Panahi (Iran)
|}
Grand Prix

The Grand Prix is an award bestowed by the jury of the festival on one of the competing feature films. It is the second-most prestigious prize of the festival after the Palme d'Or, and it replaced the Special Jury Prize.

Jury Prize – the third-most prestigious prize of the festival

Best Director

Best Actor

Best Actress

Palm Dog – Best canine performance

Queer Palm – Best LGBT-related film

=== Berlin International Film Festival ===
The festival is considered the largest publicly attended film festival worldwide based on actual attendance rates. Up to 400 films are shown in several sections.

'''History'''

The film festival was founded in 1951. Oscar Martay, a film officer of the US Army, proposed the idea and used his influence to persuade the American Military to fund the festival. Usually called the Berlinale, the festival is held in February each year.

Alfred Hitchcock's ''Rebecca'' opened the first festival on 6 June 1951.

The 1970 festival was cancelled and no major prizes were awarded due to a controversy surrounding the participation of Michael Verhoeven's anti-war film ''o.k.''

'''Awards'''

Golden Bear
[[File:Goldener Bär trophy - DSC 1292.jpg|center|thumb|link=Special:FilePath/Goldener_Bär_trophy_-_DSC_1292.jpg]]

The Golden Bear is the highest prize awarded for the best film. In its first year in 1951 it was awarded to the best film in each of five categories.

Recent winners:
{| class="wikitable"
|2019
|''Synonyms''
|Nadav Lapid (Israel)
|-
|2020
|''There Is No Evil''
|Mohammad Rasoulof (Iran)
|-
|2021
|''Bad Luck Banging or Loony Porn''
|Radu Jude (Romania)
|-
|2022
|''Alcarras''
|Carla Simon (Spain)
|-
|2023
|''On the Adamant''
|Nicolas Philibert (France)
|-
|2024
|''Dahomey''
|Mati Diop (France)
|-
|2025
|''Dreams (Sex Love)''
|Dag Johan Haugerud (Norway)
|}
Silver Bears

Silver Bears are awarded in eight categories including Best Director and Best Leading Performance.

Honorary Golden Bear

The Honorary Golden Bear has been awarded for lifetime achievement since 1982, when it was awarded to James Stewart.

=== Venice Film Festival ===
The festival is part of the Venice Biennale cultural exhibition. Screenings take place in the historic Palazzo del Cinema and in other venues nearby.

'''History'''

The Venice Film Festival is the world's oldest film festival. Founded by the National Fascist Party in Venice in 1932. The festival is held in late August or early September on the island of the Lido in the Venice Lagoon.

''Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde'' opened the first festival on 6 August 1932. No awards were given at the first festival.

In the 1930s fascist organisations controlled the festival, which was renamed the Italian-German Film Festival in 1940.

From 1969 to 1979 no prizes were awarded.

'''Awards'''

Golden Lion
[[File:Golden Lion.jpg|center|thumb|400x400px]]

The Golden Lion is awarded to the best film screened in competition at the festival.

Recent winners:
{| class="wikitable"
|2018
|''Roma''
|Alfonso Cuaron (Mexico)
|-
|2019
|''Joker''
|Todd Phillips (United States)
|-
|2020
|''Nomadland''
|Chloe Zhao (China)
|-
|2021
|''Happening''
|Audrey Diwan (France)
|-
|2022
|''All the Beauty and the Bloodshed''
|Laura Poitras (United States)
|-
|2023
|''Poor Things''
|Yorgos Lanthimos (Greece)
|-
|2024
|''The Room Next Door''
|Pedro Almodóvar (Spain)
|-
|2025
|''Father Mother Sister Brother''
|Jim Jarmusch (United States)
|}
Grand Jury Prize – awarded to the second best film

Special Jury Prize – awarded to the third best film

Silver Lion – awarded to the best director

Volpi Cup for best actor

Volpi Cup for best actress

The Volpi Cups are named in honour of Count Giuseppe Volpi di Misurata, the founder of the Venice Film Festival.

=== Toronto International Film Festival ===
The festival attracts over 480,000 people annually. It is one of the largest and most prestigious events of its kind in the world.

'''History'''

The Toronto International Film Festival (TIFF) was founded in 1976 at the Windsor Arms Hotel in Toronto. The festival is held in September.

TIFF Bell Lightbox opened in 2010 and is the headquarters for the Toronto International Film Festival. It also serves throughout the year as a venue for other film screenings and smaller specialty film festivals.

'''Awards'''

People’s Choice Award

The festival's major prize, the People's Choice Award, is given to a feature-length film. It is not a juried prize, but is given to the film with the highest ratings as voted by the TIFF-going public. The winners of this award have often later earned Academy Award nominations.

Recent winners:
{| class="wikitable"
|2018
|''Green Book''
|Peter Farrelly (United States)
|-
|2019
|''Jojo Rabbit''
|Taika Waititi (New Zealand)
|-
|2020
|''Nomadland''
|Chloe Zhao (China)
|-
|2021
|''Belfast''
|Kenneth Branagh (United Kingdom)
|-
|2022
|''The Fabelmans''
|Steven Spielberg (United States)
|-
|2023
|''American Fiction''
|Cord Jefferson (United States)
|-
|2024
|''The Life of Chuck''
|Mike Flanagan (United States)
|-
|2025
|''Hamnet''
|Chloe Zhao (China)
|}

=== Sundance Film Festival ===
The festival is a showcase for new work from American and international independent filmmakers. it is the largest independent film festival in the United States.

'''History'''

Sundance began in Salt Lake City in 1978 as the Utah/US Film Festival.

In 1981, the festival moved to Park City, Utah, and was called the US Film and Video Festival.

Sundance Institute is a non-profit organization founded in 1981 by Robert Redford committed to the growth of independent artists.

In 1984, the Sundance Institute took over management of the US Film Festival.

In 1991, the festival was officially renamed the Sundance Film Festival, after Robert Redford's character from the film ''Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid''.

The festival takes place each January in Park City, Utah; Salt Lake City, Utah; and at the Sundance Resort (a ski resort near Provo, Utah).

''CODA'' became the first Sundance film to win an Oscar for Best Picture at the 94th Academy Awards.

'''Awards'''

The two main awards are –

U.S. Grand Jury Prize: Dramatic Competition

World Cinema Grand Jury Prize: Dramatic Competition

== Other Festivals ==

=== BFI London Film Festival ===
The festival was founded in 1957 and is run with co-operation from the British Film Institute. It screens more than 300 films, documentaries, and shorts from approximately 50 countries. The festival is held for two weeks in October. The Sutherland Trophy is awarded for the most original and innovative first feature.

=== Cairo International Film Festival ===
The festival was founded in 1976 and is held at Cairo Opera House. The 1976 festival featured around 100 films from 33 countries. The highest award is the Golden Pyramid Award for Best Picture. Silver Pyramid and Bronze Pyramid Awards go to the Best Director and Best New Director respectively.

=== Edinburgh International Film Festival ===
The festival was founded in 1947 and is the world's oldest continually running film festival. It presents both UK and international films, in all genres and lengths. The festival is held in August. The Michael Powell Award for Best New British Feature Film is awarded by a jury.

=== Hong Kong International Film Festival ===
The festival was founded in 1976 and is one of Asia’s oldest international film festivals. It was a pioneer in introducing Hong Kong, Chinese language and Asian cinema and filmmakers to the world.

=== International Film Festival of India ===
Founded in 1952, the festival has taken place at various cities throughout India. The first festival was held in Mumbai. The festival has been held in Goa since 2004. The highest award is the Golden Peacock Award for Best Picture. Silver Peacock Awards are presented for Best Director, Best Actor, and Best Actress. ''The Bostonians'', directed by James Ivory, won the Golden Peacock Award in 1985.

=== Locarno Film Festival ===
Founded in 1946, the festival is held every August. The top prize of the festival is the Golden Leopard, awarded to the best film in the International Competition. Other awards include the Leopard of Honour for career achievement, and the Prix du Public, the public choice award.

=== Melbourne International Film Festival ===
The festival was founded in 1952 and is the largest film festival in the southern hemisphere. The festival's inaugural award was Best Short Film. During the 2009 festival, the film ''The 10 Conditions of Love'', which documents the life of an exiled Uyghur leader, was screened despite many attempts by the Government of China to have the film withdrawn from the festival.

=== San Sebastian International Film Festival ===
Founded in 1953, it was originally intended to honour Spanish language films, though films of other languages became eligible for consideration in 1955. The Golden Shell is the highest prize given to a competing film. The festival hosted the European premiere of ''Star Wars''.

=== Seattle International Film Festival ===
The festival began in 1976 at a then-independent cinema, the Moore Egyptian Theater. It runs for 24 days in May/June and features a diverse assortment of predominantly independent and foreign films, and a strong contingent of documentaries. Since 1985, the festival has awarded the Golden Space Needle award each year to the festival's most popular movie.

=== Shanghai International Film Festival ===
First held in 1993, it is China’s largest film festival. The most prestigious award given out at Shanghai is the Jin Jue ("Golden Goblet") for Best Feature Film. The festival is held over 10 days in June.

=== South by Southwest ===
South by Southwest (SXSW) is an annual conglomeration of parallel film, interactive media, and music festivals and conferences. It began in 1987 and takes place in March in Austin, Texas. SXSW Film Conference spans five days of conference panels and sessions. The SXSW Film Festival runs for nine days, simultaneously with the SXSW Film Conference, and celebrates emerging talent.

=== Telluride Film Festival ===
The festival was founded in 1974 and takes place in Telluride, Colorado, during Labor Day weekend in September. The bulk of the program is made up of new films, and there is a tradition that new films must be shown for the first time in North America to be eligible for the festival.

=== Tokyo International Film Festival ===
The event was held biennially from 1985 to 1991 and annually thereafter. It is considered to be the largest film festival in Asia. The top award is the Tokyo Grand Prix. The festival is held in October.

=== Tribeca Festival ===
The festival was founded in 2002 by Jane Rosenthal, Robert De Niro, and Craig Hatkoff in response to the 9/11 attacks on New York City, to spur the recovery of the Lower Manhattan area. Each year the festival hosts over 600 screenings with approximately 150,000 attendees. Until 2020, the festival was known as the Tribeca Film Festival

Entertainment/Lists of Winners of UK Reality TV Shows

2025-12-27T17:59:42Z

QRNeditor: Added 2025 Big Brother winner

== Big Brother ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2000
|Craig Phillips
|-
|2001
|Brian Dowling
|-
|2002
|Kate Lawler
|-
|2003
|Cameron Stout
|-
|2004
|Nadia Almada
|-
|2005
|Anthony Hutton
|-
|2006
|Pete Bennett
|-
|2007
|Brian Belo
|-
|2008
|Rachel Rice
|-
|2009
|Sophie Reade
|-
|2010
|Josie Gibson
|-
|2011
|Aaron Allard-Morgan
|-
|2012
|Luke Anderson
|-
|2013
|Sam Evans
|-
|2014
|Helen Wood
|-
|2015
|Chloe Wilburn
|-
|2016
|Jason Burrill
|-
|2017
|Isabelle Warburton
|-
|2018
|Cameron Cole
|-
|2023
|Jordan Sangha
|-
|2024
|Ali Bromley
|-
|2025
|Richard Storry
|}

== Celebrity Big Brother ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2001
|Jack Dee
|-
|2002
|Mark Owen
|-
|2005
|Bez Berry
|-
|2006
|Chantelle Houghton
|-
|2007
|Shilpa Shetty
|-
|2009
|Ulrika Jonsson
|-
|2010
|Alex Reid
|-
|2011
|Paddy Doherty
|-
|2012
|Denise Welch
|-
|2012
|Julian Clary
|-
|2013
|Rylan Clark
|-
|2013
|Charlotte Crosby
|-
|2014
|Jim Davidson
|-
|2014
|Gary Busey
|-
|2015
|Katie Price
|-
|2015
|James Hill
|-
|2016
|Scotty T
|-
|2016
|Stephen Bear
|-
|2017
|Coleen Nolan
|-
|2017
|Sarah Harding
|-
|2018
|Courtney Act
|-
|2018
|Ryan Thomas
|-
|2024
|David Potts
|-
|2025
|Jack P. Shepherd
|}

== I’m a Celebrity…Get Me Out of Here! ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2002
|Tony Blackburn
|-
|2003
|Phil Tuffnell
|-
|2004
|Kerry Katona
|-
|2004
|Joe Pasquale
|-
|2005
|Carol Thatcher
|-
|2006
|Matt Willis
|-
|2007
|Christopher Biggins
|-
|2008
|Joe Swash
|-
|2009
|Gino D’Acampo
|-
|2010
|Stacey Solomon
|-
|2011
|Dougie Poynter
|-
|2012
|Charlie Brooks
|-
|2013
|Kian Egan
|-
|2014
|Carl Fogarty
|-
|2015
|Vicky Pattison
|-
|2016
|Scarlett Moffatt
|-
|2017
|Georgia Toffolo
|-
|2018
|Harry Redknapp
|-
|2019
|Jacqueline Jossa
|-
|2020
|Giovanna Fletcher
|-
|2021
|Danny Miller
|-
|2022
|Jill Scott
|-
|2023
|Sam Thompson
|-
|2024
|Danny Jones
|-
|2025
|Angry Ginge
|}

== Love Island ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2005
|Fran Cosgrave and Jayne Middlemiss (Celebrity Love Island)
|-
|2006
|Calum Best and Bianca Gascoigne (Celebrity Love Island)
|-
|2015
|Max Morley and Jessica Hayes
|-
|2016
|Nathan Massey and Cara De La Hoyde
|-
|2017
|Kem Cetinay and Amber Davies
|-
|2018
|Jack Fincham and Dani Dyer
|-
|2019
|Greg O’Shea and Amber Gill
|-
|2020
|Finlay Tapp and Paige Turley
|-
|2021
|Liam Reardon and Millie Court
|-
|2022
|Davide Sanclimenti and Ekin-Su Cülcüloğlu
|-
|2023 (March)
|Kai Fagan and Sanam Harrinanan
|-
|2023 (July)
|Jess Harding and Sammy Root
|-
|2024
|Josh Oyinsan and Mimii Ngulube
|-
|2025
|Cach Mercer and Toni Laites
|}

== Popstars ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2001
|Hear’Say
|-
|2002
|Girls Aloud and One True Voice (Popstars: The Rivals)
|}

== Pop Idol ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2002
|Will Young
|-
|2003
|Michelle McManus
|}

== The X Factor ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2004
|Steve Brookstein
|-
|2005
|Shayne Ward
|-
|2006
|Leona Lewis
|-
|2007
|Leon Jackson
|-
|2008
|Alexandra Burke
|-
|2009
|Joe McElderry
|-
|2010
|Matt Cardle
|-
|2011
|Little Mix
|-
|2012
|James Arthur
|-
|2013
|Sam Bailey
|-
|2014
|Ben Haenow
|-
|2015
|Louisa Johnson
|-
|2016
|Matt Terry
|-
|2017
|Rak-Su
|-
|2108
|Dalton Harris
|}

== Strictly Come Dancing ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2004
|Natasha Kaplinsky and Brendan Cole
|-
|2004
|Jill Halfpenny and Darren Bennett
|-
|2005
|Darren Gough and Lilia Kopylova
|-
|2006
|Mark Ramprakash and Karen Hardy
|-
|2007
|Alesha Dixon and Matthew Cutler
|-
|2008
|Tom Chambers and Camilla Dallerup
|-
|2009
|Chris Hollins and Ola Jordan
|-
|2010
|Kara Tointon and Artem Chigvintsev
|-
|2011
|Harry Judd and Aliona Vilani
|-
|2012
|Louis Smith and Flavia Cacace
|-
|2013
|Abbey Clancy and Aljaz Skorjanec
|-
|2014
|Caroline Flack and Pasha Kovalev
|-
|2015
|Jay McGuiness and Aliona Vilani
|-
|2016
|Ore Oduba and Joanne Clifton
|-
|2017
|Joe McFadden and Katya Jones
|-
|2018
|Stacey Dooley and Kevin Clifton
|-
|2019
|Kelvin Fletcher and Oti Mabuse
|-
|2020
|Bill Bailey and Oti Mabuse
|-
|2021
|Rose Ayling-Ellis and Giovanni Pernice
|-
|2022
|Hamza Yassin and Jowita Przystał
|-
|2023
|Ellie Lynch and Vito Coppola
|-
|2024
|Chris McCausland and Dianne Buswell
|-
|2025
|Karen Carney and Carlos Gu
|}

== Dancing on Ice ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2006
|Gaynor Faye and Daniel Whiston
|-
|2007
|Kyran Bracken and Melanie Lambert
|-
|2008
|Suzanne Shaw and Matt Evers
|-
|2009
|Ray Quinn and Maria Filippov
|-
|2010
|Hayley Tamaddon and Daniel Whitson
|-
|2011
|Sam Attwater and Brianne Delcourt
|-
|2012
|Matthew Wolfenden and Nina Ulanova
|-
|2013
|Beth Tweddle and Daniel Whitson
|-
|2014
|Ray Quinn and Maria Filippov
|-
|2018
|Jake Quickenden and Vanessa Bauer
|-
|2019
|James Jordan and Alexandra Schauman
|-
|2020
|Joe Swash and Alex Murphy
|-
|2021
|Sonny Jay and Angela Egan
|-
|2022
|Regan Gascoigne and Karina Manta
|-
|2023
|Nile Wilson and Olivia Smart
|-
|2024
|Ryan Thomas and Amani Fancy
|-
|2025
|Sam Aston and Molly Lanaghan
|}

== The Apprentice ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2005
|Tim Campbell
|-
|2006
|Michelle Dewberry
|-
|2007
|Simon Ambrose
|-
|2008
|Lee McQueen
|-
|2009
|Yasmini Siadatan
|-
|2010
|Stella English
|-
|2011
|Tom Pellereau
|-
|2012
|Ricky Martin
|-
|2013
|Leah Totton
|-
|2014
|Mark Wright
|-
|2015
|Joseph Valente
|-
|2016
|Alana Spencer
|-
|2017
|Sarah Lynn and James White
|-
|2018
|Sian Gabbidon
|-
|2019
|Carina Lepore
|-
|2020
|Not held due to COVID-19
|-
|2021
|Not held due to COVID-19
|-
|2022
|Harpreet Kaur
|-
|2023
|Marnie Swindells
|-
|2024
|Rachel Woolford
|-
|2025
|Dean Franklin
|}

== Britain's Got Talent ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2007
|Paul Potts
|-
|2008
|George Sampson
|-
|2009
|Diversity
|-
|2010
|Spelbound
|-
|2011
|Jai McDowell
|-
|2012
|Ashleigh Butler and her dog Pudsey
|-
|2013
|Attraction
|-
|2104
|Collabro
|-
|2015
|Jules O'Dwyer and her dog Matisse
|-
|2016
|Richard Jones
|-
|2017
|Tokio Myers
|-
|2018
|Lost Voice Guy
|-
|2019
|Colin Thackery
|-
|2020
|Jon Courtenay
|-
|2021
|Not held due to COVID-19
|-
|2022
|Alex Blake
|-
|2023
|Viggo Venn
|-
|2024
|Syndie Christmas
|-
|2025
|Harry Moulding
|}

== The Voice UK ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2012
|Leanne Mitchell
|-
|2013
|Andrea Begley
|-
|2014
|Jermain Jackman
|-
|2015
|Stevie McCrorie
|-
|2016
|Kevin Simm
|-
|2017
|Mo Adeniran
|-
|2018
|Ruti Olajugbagbe
|-
|2019
|Molly Hocking
|-
|2020
|Blessing Chitapa
|-
|2021
|Craig Eddie
|-
|2022
|Anthonia Edwards
|-
|2023
|Jen and Liv
|-
|2024
|AVA
|}

== Celebrity MasterChef ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2006
|Matt Dawson
|-
|2007
|Nadia Sawalha
|-
|2008
|Liz McClarnon
|-
|2009
|Jayne Middlemiss
|-
|2010
|Lisa Faulkner
|-
|2011
|Phil Vickery
|-
|2012
|Emma Kennedy
|-
|2013
|Adrian Edmondson
|-
|2104
|Sophie Thompson
|-
|2015
|Kimberly Wyatt
|-
|2016
|Alexis Conran
|-
|2017
|Angellica Bell
|-
|2018
|John Partridge
|-
|2019
|Greg Rutherford
|-
|2020
|Riyadh Khalaf
|-
|2021
|Kadeena Cox
|-
|2022
|Lisa Snowdon
|-
|2023
|Wynne Evans
|-
|2024
|Vito Coppola
|-
|2025
|Ginger Johnson
|}

== The Great British Bake Off ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2010
|Edd Kimber
|-
|2011
|Joanne Wheatley
|-
|2012
|John Whaite
|-
|2013
|Frances Quinn
|-
|2014
|Nancy Birtwhistle
|-
|2015
|Nadiya Hussain
|-
|2016
|Candice Brown
|-
|2017
|Sophie Faldo
|-
|2018
|Rahul Mandal
|-
|2019
|David Atherton
|-
|2020
|Peter Sawkins
|-
|2021
|Giuseppe Dell'Anno
|-
|2022
|Syabira Yusoff
|-
|2023
|Matty Edgell
|-
|2024
|Georgie Grasso
|-
|2025
|Jasmine Mitchell
|}

== The Jump ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2014
|Joe McElderry
|-
|2015
|Joey Essex
|-
|2016
|Ben Cohen
|-
|2017
|Spencer Matthews
|}

== The Great British Sewing Bee ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2013
|Ann Rowley
|-
|2014
|Heather Jacks
|-
|2015
|Matt Chapple
|-
|2016
|Charlotte Newland
|-
|2019
|Juliet Uzor
|-
|2020
|Clare Bradley
|-
|2021
|Serena Baker
|-
|2022
|Annie Phillips
|-
|2023
|Asmaa Al-allak
|-
|2024
|Luke-Matthew Iveson
|-
|2025
|Caz
|}

== The Great Pottery Throw Down ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2015
|Matthew Wilcock
|-
|2017
|Ryan Barrett
|-
|2020
|Rosa Wiland Holmes
|-
|2021
|Jodie Neale
|-
|2022
|AJ Simpson
|-
|2023
|Lois Gunn
|-
|2024
|Donna Bloye
|-
|2025
|James Stanley Watson
|}

== RuPaul’s Drag Race UK ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2019
|The Vivienne
|-
|2021
|Lawrence Chaney
|-
|2021
|Krystal Versace
|-
|2022
|Danny Beard
|-
|2023
|Ginger Johnson
|-
|2024
|Kyran Thrax
|-
|2025
|Bones
|}

== Britain's Next Top Model ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2005
|Lucy Ratcliffe
|-
|2006
|Lianna Fowler
|-
|2007
|Lauren McEvoy
|-
|2008
|Alex Evans
|-
|2009
|Mecia Simson
|-
|2010
|Tiffany Pisani
|-
|2011
|Jade Thompson
|-
|2012
|Letitia Herod
|-
|2013
|Lauren Lambert
|-
|2016
|Chloe Keenan
|-
|2017
|Olivia Wardell
|-
|2017
|Ivy Watson
|}

== The Masked Singer ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2020
|Nicola Roberts as “Queen Bee”
|-
|2021
|Joss Stone as “Sausage”
|-
|2022
|Natalie Imbruglia as “Panda”
|-
|2023
|Charlie Simpson as “Rhino”
|-
|2024
|Danny Jones as "Piranha"
|-
|2025
|Samantha Banks as "Pufferfish"
|}

== The Masked Dancer ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2021
|Louis Smith as “Carwash”
|-
|2022
|Heather Morris as “Scissors”
|}

== The Traitors ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2022
|Aaron Evans, Hannah Byczkowski, and Meryl Williams
|-
|2024
|Harry Clark
|-
|2025
|Jake Brown and Leanne Quigley
|}

== The Celebrity Traitors ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2025
|Alan Carr
|}

Entertainment/UK Christmas number ones

2025-12-26T21:03:25Z

QRNeditor: Added 2025 number one single

{| class="wikitable"
|
|Act
|Title
|Weeks at No 1
|
|-
|1952
|Al Martino
|''Here in My Heart''
|9
|First UK No 1 based on record sales
|-
|1953
|Frankie Laine
|''Answer Me''
|8
|Originally titled ''Mütterlein'', with German lyrics. The song was banned by the BBC owing to the religious nature of the lyrics
|-
|1954
|Winifred Atwell
|''Let’s Have Another Party''
|8
|Pianist born in Trinidad
|-
|1955
|Dickie Valentine
|''Christmas Alphabet''
|8
|Real name Richard Maxwell. Opening lyric – “C is for the candy trimmed around the Christmas tree”
|-
|1956
|Johnnie Ray
|''Just Walkin’ in the Rain''
|7
|Written by two prisoners in Nashville
|-
|1957
|Harry Belafonte
|''Mary’s Boy Child''
|7
|Written by Jester Hairston in 1956
|-
|1958
|Conway Twitty
|''It’s Only Make Believe''
|5
|Real name Harold Lloyd Jenkins. US Country singer
|-
|1959
|Emile Ford & The Checkmates
|''What Do You Want to Make Those Eyes at Me For?''
|6
|Real name Michael Emile Telford Miller. Born in Saint Lucia
|-
|1960
|Cliff Richard & the Shadows
|''I Love You''
|2
|Written by Bruce Welch
|-
|1961
|Danny Williams
|''Moon River''
|2
|Known as “Britain’s Johnny Mathis”. Song from ''Breakfast at Tiffany’s''
|-
|1962
|Elvis Presley
|''Return to Sender''
|3
|Performed in the film ''Girls! Girls! Girls!''
|-
|1963
|The Beatles
|''I Want to Hold Your Hand''
|5
|Remained in the UK top 50 for 21 weeks
|-
|1964
|The Beatles
|''I Feel Fine''
|5
|
|-
|1965
|The Beatles
|''Day Tripper / We Can Work It Out''
|5
|
|-
|1966
|Tom Jones
|''Green, Green Grass of Home''
|7
|Written by Curly Putman
|-
|1967
|The Beatles
|''Hello, Goodbye''
|7
|
|-
|1968
|The Scaffold
|''Lily the Pink''
|4
|Novelty song by Liverpool folk group. Based on a song titled ''The Ballad of Lydia Pinkham''
|-
|1969
|Rolf Harris
|''Two Little Boys''
|6
|Written in 1902 and popularised by Harry Lauder
|-
|1970
|Dave Edmunds
|''I Hear You Knocking''
|6
|Cover version of a song written in 1955
|-
|1971
|Benny Hill
|''Ernie (The Fastest Milkman in the West)''
|4
|Novelty song inspired by Benny Hill’s experience as a milkman
|-
|1972
|Jimmy Osmond
|''Long Haired Lover from Liverpool''
|5
|Youngest member of The Osmonds, who at age 9 became the youngest chart topper ever
|-
|1973
|Slade
|''Merry Xmas Everybody''
|5
|First year that groups released festive songs to try and reach the top of the charts at Christmas
|-
|1974
|Mud
|''Lonely This Christmas''
|4
|Written by Mike Chapman and Nicky Chinn
|-
|1975
|Queen
|''Bohemian Rhapsody''
|9
|UK's third best-selling single of all time
|-
|1976
|Johnny Mathis
|''When a Child is Born (Soleado)''
|3
|''Soleado'' was the original melody
|-
|1977
|Wings
|''Mull of Kintyre / Girls’ School''
|9
|First No 1 for Paul McCartney since he was a Beatle. First single to sell over two million copies nationwide
|-
|1978
|Boney M
|''Mary’s Boy Child – Oh My Lord''
|4
|Cover of Harry Belafonte's 1957 song, put in medley with the new song ''Oh My Lord''
|-
|1979
|Pink Floyd
|''Another Brick in the Wall (Part 2)''
|5
|Features children from Islington Green School
|-
|1980
|St Winifred’s School Choir
|''There’s No One Quite Like Grandma''
|2
|Choir from a Stockport primary school
|-
|1981
|The Human League
|''Don’t You Want Me''
|5
|New Romantic band
|-
|1982
|Renee and Renato
|''Save Your Love''
|4
|UK-based Italian tenor (Renato Pagliari) and English girl (Hilary Lester)
|-
|1983
|The Flying Pickets
|''Only You''
|5
|A cappella group. Cover version of the song by Yazoo
|-
|1984
|Band Aid
|''Do They Know It’s Christmas?''
|5
|Written by Bob Geldof and Midge Ure to raise money for the famine in Ethiopia. Sold a million copies in the first week and three million copies in total. First line is sung by Paul Young
|-
|1985
|Shakin’ Stevens
|''Merry Christmas Everyone''
|2
|Real name Michael Barrett
|-
|1986
|Jackie Wilson
|''Reet Petite''
|4
|Originally released in 1957. Wilson died in 1984
|-
|1987
|Pet Shop Boys
|''Always on My Mind''
|4
|Cover version of a 1972 song that was a hit for Elvis Presley
|-
|1988
|Cliff Richard
|''Mistletoe and Wine''
|4
|First solo No 1 for nine years. Written for a musical called ''Scraps'', which was an adaptation of ''The Little Match Girl''
|-
|1989
|Band Aid II
|''Do They Know It’s Christmas?''
|3
|Produced by Stock Aitken Waterman. First line is sung by Kylie Minogue. Cliff Richard was also a singer on the record
|-
|1990
|Cliff Richard
|''Saviour’s Day''
|2
|
|-
|1991
|Queen
|''Bohemian Rhapsody / These Are the Days of Our Lives''
|5
|Re-issue of the 1975 hit, following the death of Freddie Mercury
|-
|1992
|Whitney Houston
|''I Will Always Love You''
|10
|Included on the soundtrack of ''The Bodyguard''. No 1 on the Billboard Hot 100 for a then-record-breaking 14 weeks
|-
|1993
|Mr Blobby
|''Mr Blobby''
|3
|Novelty song performed by the character from ''Noel's House Party''. Often ranked as the worst Christmas No 1 in history
|-
|1994
|East 17
|''Stay Another Day''
|5
|
|-
|1995
|Michael Jackson
|''Earth Song''
|6
|Presented as a world conservation statement
|-
|1996
|Spice Girls
|''2 Become 1''
|3
|Third single released by the Spice Girls
|-
|1997
|Spice Girls
|''Too Much''
|2
|
|-
|1998
|Spice Girls
|''Goodbye''
|1
|First song following the departure of Geri Halliwell
|-
|1999
|Westlife
|''I Have a Dream / Seasons in the Sun''
|4
|''I Have a Dream'' is a cover version of an ABBA song. ''Seasons in the Sun'' is the cover of a hit for Terry Jacks
|-
|2000
|Bob the Builder
|''Can We Fix It?''
|3
|Theme song from the preschool TV programme ''Bob the Builder''. Vocals on the song are provided by Neil Morrissey
|-
|2001
|Robbie Williams & Nicole Kidman
|''Somethin’ Stupid''
|3
|Cover of a song written by C. Carson Parks and made famous by Frank and Nancy Sinatra
|-
|2002
|Girls Aloud
|''Sound of the Underground''
|4
|First year that the competition for the Christmas No 1 was dominated by reality television contests. Girls Aloud was created through ''Popstars: The Rivals'' and the record was released on 16 December
|-
|2003
|Michael Andrews & Gary Jules
|''Mad World''
|3
|Cover version of the Tears for Fears song. Recorded for the soundtrack of ''Donnie Darko''
|-
|2004
|Band Aid 20
|''Do They Know It’s Christmas?''
|4
|First line is sung by Chris Martin
|-
|2005
|Shayne Ward
|''That’s My Goal''
|4
|Winner of the second series of ''The X Factor''
|-
|2006
|Leona Lewis
|''A Moment Like This''
|4
|Winner of the third series of ''The X Factor''. Cover of a Kelly Clarkson song
|-
|2007
|Leon Jackson
|''When You Believe''
|3
|Winner of the fourth series of ''The X Factor''. Cover of a Stephen Schwartz song from ''The Prince of Egypt''
|-
|2008
|Alexandra Burke
|''Hallelujah''
|3
|Winner of the fifth series of ''The X Factor''. Cover of a Leonard Cohen song
|-
|2009
|Rage Against the Machine
|''Killing in the Name''
|1
|Result of a campaign to prevent the winner of ''The X Factor'' (Joe McElderry) from achieving the No 1 single. First download-only single to become the Christmas No 1
|-
|2010
|Matt Cardle
|''When We Collide''
|3
|Winner of the seventh series of ''The X Factor''. Studio version of ''Many of Horror'' by Biffy Clyro
|-
|2011
|Military Wives with Gareth Malone
|''Wherever You Are''
|1
|Charity record
|-
|2012
|The Justice Collective
|''He Ain’t Heavy, He’s My Brother''
|1
|Proceeds went to various charities associated with the Hillsborough disaster
|-
|2013
|Sam Bailey
|''Skyscraper''
|1
|Winner of the tenth series of ''The X Factor''. Cover of a Demi Lovato song
|-
|2014
|Ben Haenow
|''Something I Need''
|1
|Winner of the eleventh series of ''The X Factor''. Cover of a song by OneRepublic
|-
|2015
|Lewisham and Greenwich NHS Choir
|''A Bridge Over You''
|1
|Charity record
|-
|2016
|Clean Bandit ft. Sean Paul and Anne-Marie
|''Rockabye''
|9
|The song alludes to the nursery rhyme and lullaby, ''Rock-a-bye Baby''
|-
|2017
|Ed Sheeran
|''Perfect''
|6
|
|-
|2018
|LadBaby
|''We Built This City''
|1
|Mark Hoyle and his wife Roxanne. Proceeds from the charity single went to The Trussell Trust. Parody cover of ''We Built This City'' by Starship
|-
|2019
|LadBaby
|''I Love Sausage Rolls''
|1
|Parody cover of ''I Love Rock 'n' Roll'' by Alan Merrill
|-
|2020
|LadBaby
|''Don’t Stop Me Eatin’''
|1
|Parody cover of ''Don't Stop Believin''' by Journey
|-
|2021
|LadBaby ft. Ed Sheeran and Elton John
|''Sausage Rolls for Everyone''
|1
|Based on ''Merry Christmas'', which became a chart-topper for featured artists Ed Sheeran and Elton John in December 2021
|-
|2022
|LadBaby
|''Food Aid''
|1
|Based on ''Do They Know It's Christmas?'' and featured Martin Lewis. Half of the money raised went to the Trussell Trust and the other half to the Band Aid Trust
|-
|2023
|Wham!
|''Last Christmas''
|4
|Originally released in 1984. Whamageddon is a game in which players try to go from 1 December to the end of 24 December without hearing ''Last Christmas''
|-
|2024
|Wham!
|''Last Christmas''
|3
|First song to be Christmas number one in consecutive years
|-
|2025
|Kylie Minogue
|''XMAS''
|1
|Kylie Minogue’s first Christmas number one single in the UK
|}
The UK Singles Chart began in 1952 in the ''New Musical Express''

LadBaby are the only act with five Christmas number ones

The Beatles are the only act with four Christmas number ones

Biggest-selling songs – 1st ''Do They Know It’s Christmas?'' 2nd ''Bohemian Rhapsody'' 3rd ''Mull of Kintyre'' / ''Girls’ School''

The first song to get the Christmas Number one twice by the same artist was ''Bohemian Rhapsody''

''Mary's Boy Child'' is the only song to be Christmas number one for two artists

''I Will Always Love You'' is the only song to be Christmas number one that remained in the top position for ten weeks

''Last Christmas'' is the only song to be Christmas number one in consecutive years

Sport and Leisure/Sports Personality of the Year

2025-12-20T23:04:22Z

QRNeditor: Added 2025 winners

The BBC Sports Personality of the Year is an awards ceremony that takes place annually in December. Devised by Paul Fox in 1954, it originally consisted of one titular award. Several new awards have been introduced, and currently[update] eight awards are presented. The oldest of these are the Team of the Year and Overseas Personality awards, which were introduced in 1960. A Lifetime Achievement Award was first given in 1995 and again in 1996, and has been presented annually since 2001. In 1999, three more awards were introduced: the Helen Rollason Award, the Coach Award, and the Newcomer Award, which was renamed to Young Sports Personality of the Year in 2001. The newest is the Unsung Hero Award, first presented in 2003. In 2003, the 50th anniversary of the show was marked by a five-part series on BBC One called ‘Simply The Best – Sports Personality’. It was presented by Gary Lineker and formed part of a public vote to determine a special Golden Sports Personality of the Year. That year Steve Rider and Martyn Smith wrote a book reflecting on the 50-year history of the award and the programme. The event was held outside London for the first time in 2006, when tickets were made available to the public.

== History ==
The BBC's Sports Personality of the Year was created by Paul Fox, who came up with the idea while he was editor of the magazine show Sportsview. The first award ceremony took place in 1954 as part of Sportsview, and was presented by Peter Dimmock. The programme was edited by Paul Fox and produced by Dennis Monger. Held at the Savoy Hotel on 30 December 1954 as part of the established Sporting Record awards, the show lasted 45 minutes. It consisted of one titular award for the sportsperson judged by the public to have achieved the most that year. Voting was by postcard, and rules presented in a Radio Times article stipulated that nominations were restricted to athletes who had featured on the Sportsview programme since April. For the inaugural BBC Sportsperson of the Year award, 14,517 votes were cast and Christopher Chataway beat fellow athlete Roger Bannister. The following year the show was renamed Sports Review of the Year and given a longer duration of 75 minutes.

In 1960 Dimmock presented the show, and introduced two new awards: the Team of the Year award and the Overseas Personality award, won by the Cooper Car Company and athlete Herb Elliott respectively. David Coleman joined the show the following year and remained a co-presenter until 1983. Swimmer Anita Lonsbrough became the first female recipient of the main award in 1962; females won it in the following two years as well. Frank Bough took over as presenter in 1964 and presented Sports Review for 18 years. In 1969, a new Manager of the Year award was given to Don Revie for his achievements with Leeds United, the only occasion it was presented. In the following year boxer Henry Cooper became the first person to win the main award twice, having already won in 1967.

During the 1970s Bough and Coleman presided over the ceremony alongside Jimmy Hill, Cliff Morgan, Kenneth Wolstenholme, and Harry Carpenter, who also went on to present the show for much of the 1980s. Des Lynam presented from 1983, and presided over figure skating duo Torvill and Dean's win the following year, when they became the first non-individual winners of the main award. Steve Rider co-presented the 1986 show with Lynam, at which a Special Team Award was presented to Great Britain men’s 4 x 400 m relay team. In the 1980s, Steve Davis finished in the top three on five occasions, including one win in 1988. In 1991, angler Bob Nudd received the most votes following a campaign in the Angling Times. However the BBC deemed this to be against the rules and "discarded all the ballots cast on forms printed in the Angling Times", allowing athlete Liz McColgan to win the award. The following year racing driver Nigel Mansell became the second person to win the main award twice, having won his first in 1986. Sue Barker presented the show for the first time in 1994, at which racing driver Damon Hill won the first of his two awards, the second coming two years later. Boxer Frank Bruno was the inaugural winner of the Lifetime Achievement Award in 1996

In 1999 the show was renamed Sports Personality of the Year, and Gary Lineker joined the show as a co-presenter alongside Barker. Barker and Lineker were supported by John Inverdale and Clare Balding that year. The ceremony introduced a further three regular awards: Coach of the Year, Newcomer of the Year, and a Helen Rollason Award for "outstanding courage and achievement in the face of adversity". In a one-off award, boxer Muhammad Ali was voted as the Sports Personality of the Century. Leading up to the anniversary show on 14 December 2003, a series of five half-hour special programmes, entitled Simply The Best – Sports Personality, were broadcast. Hosted by Gary Lineker, the episodes were shown on BBC One for five consecutive nights during 8 – 12 December 2008; each covered one decade of Sports Personality history. At the beginning of each special programme the public could vote for a past winner. The five most popular winners were announced at the start of the anniversary ceremony as a shortlist for one of two special 50th Anniversary awards. From the shortlist, rower Steve Redgrave was voted Golden Sports Personality of the Year by the public. The England World Cup–winning team of 1966 won a Team of the Decades award, voted for by representatives from all previous Teams of the Year.

In 2006, for the first time in its 53-year history, the event was held outside London, in Birmingham's National Exhibition Centre (NEC). For the first time, tickets for the event were made available to the public, and 3,000 were sold in the first hour. That year, Adrian Chiles joined the show and co-presented alongside Barker and Lineker for two years. The 2007 ceremony was the first of a two-year sponsorship deal with Britvic's brand Robinsons, and the capacity of the NEC was increased from 5,000 to 8,000. The event sold out, but the sponsorship deal was shortened to one year after complaints by ITV and RadioCentre caused the BBC Trust to rule in June 2008 that "Editorial Guidelines were breached and the editorial integrity of the BBC compromised by giving the impression to licence fee payers via Sports Personality of the Year that part of a BBC service had been sponsored.” They decided that the 2008 awards should not be broadcast as a sponsored event, and no new sponsorship deal was negotiated after the Britvic deal expired. In February 2008, the BBC announced that the 2008 Sports Personality of the Year event would be held at the Echo Arena, Liverpool. One reason for the move to Liverpool was to allow greater numbers to view the show live, as the 10,600-seater venue in Liverpool had a bigger capacity than the NEC. That year Jake Humphrey replaced Chiles as co-presenter.

In 2014, the ceremony was held in Scotland for the first time in its history, at The SSE Hydro in Glasgow. In 2015, the ceremony was held in Northern Ireland for the first time, at the SSE Arena in Belfast. In 2018 the BBC Overseas Sports Personality of the Year award was renamed World Sport Star of the Year.

== Trophy ==
The trophy for the main award was commissioned from John Proctor of the Palace of Arts, Wembley, and cost about £1,000. It was first presented to the inaugural winner, Christopher Chataway, in 1954. It is a silver-plated four-turret lens camera, one sixth scale, with the name of each winner engraved on individual shields attached to a plinth underneath the camera. The trophy originally had one plinth, but two more were added to create room for more shields. A replica trophy was made in 1981 and sent to Australia in case Ian Botham won the award while playing cricket there – which he did. The original trophy is still used for the ceremony, and is engraved after the show before being given to the winner, who keeps it for eight or nine months. The trophies for second and third place, and for the other awards, are smaller imitations of the main trophy, but have in the past been silver salvers. For the two special awards celebrating the 50th Anniversary, and for the Sports Personality of the Century award, similar miniature trophies were presented but they were gold in colour.

== Intermittent awards ==
'''Manager of the Year'''

1969 Don Revie Leeds Utd

'''Special Achievement Award'''

1981 Dennis Moore Blind London marathon runner

1984 Lester Piggott

1995 Lester Piggott

2006 David Walliams

2009 Eddie Izzard

2022 Kevin Sinfield

'''International Team Award'''

1983 Alan Bond and the crew of Australia II

'''Special Team Award'''

1986 Men’s 4x400m relay team (Derek Redmond, Kriss Akabusi, Brian Whittle, Roger Black, Todd Bennett, and Phil Brown)

'''Good Sport Awards'''

1990 Derek Warwick, Martin Donnelly, Louise Aitken-Walker, Tina Thorner All involved in motor racing accidents

'''Sports Personality of the Century Award'''

1999 Muhammad Ali Muhammad Ali accumulated more votes from BBC viewers than the combined total of George Best, Pele, Donald Bradman, Jack Nicklaus, and Jesse Owens

'''Special Gold Award'''

2005 Sebastian Coe For chairing London's winning bid for the 2012 Olympics

'''Golden Sports Personality of the Year''' (50th anniversary award)

2003 Steve Redgrave Shortlist – Redgrave, Botham, Beckham, Moore, Torvill and Dean

'''Team of the Decades''' (50th anniversary award)

2003 England 1966 World Cup team

'''Diamond Award'''

2013 Alex Ferguson

== Venues ==
1954 – 1956 Savoy Hotel

1957 – 1958 Grosvenor House Hotel

1959, 1965 – 1976 BBC Television Theatre

1960 – 1964, 1978 – 1988, 1999 – 2005 BBC Television Centre

1977 New London Theatre

1998 – 1999 Queen Elizabeth II Conference Centre

2006 – 2007 National Exhibition Centre

2008 Echo Arena, Liverpool

2009 Sheffield Arena

2010 LG Arena, Birmingham

2011 MediaCity, Salford

2012 ExCeL

2013 First Direct Arena, Leeds

2014 SSE Hydro, Glasgow

2015 Odyssey Arena, Belfast

2016 Genting Arena, Birmingham

2017 Echo Arena, Liverpool

2018 Genting Arena, Birmingham

2019 P&J Live, Aberdeen

2020 – 2024 Media City, Salford

== Awards by year ==

=== 1950s ===
'''1954'''

1st Chris Chataway

2nd Roger Bannister

3rd Pat Smythe

The location was the Lancaster Room in the Savoy Hotel. It was expected that Bannister would win, having broken the four minute barrier for the mile – but the coverage was screened a day late and was shot by a single camera. A few weeks before viewers were asked to make their decision, Chataway had beaten Vladimir Kuts at White City, and taken five seconds off the world 5000m record.

A total of 14517 votes were cast, and more than a third went to Chataway. Eligibility for the award was restricted to sportsmen or women since its launch in April 1954. Stanley Matthews was fourth, Geoff Duke was fifth, and Billy Wright was sixth.

'''1955'''

1st Gordon Pirie

No record of the second and third place winners survives

The show had grown from 45 to 75 minutes and Peter Dimmock was joined by Max Robertson. Len Martin provided the ‘newsreel voice’.

Gordon Pirie has beaten Zatopek in a 10000m race, which prompted people to vote for him. When he collected his award, he expressed his surprise at winning, then made a speech criticising sports journalists. Other leading contenders were Donald Campbell, Peter May, Don Cockell and Stirling Moss

'''1956'''

1st Jim Laker

No record of the second and third place winners survives

The show took place on 9 January, 1957, the only time the programme wasn’t held in the year that it celebrated. This was because the Daily Express had purchased the Sportsman and Sportswoman of the Year awards from the Sporting Record and was unable to organise the event until January

At the end of the programme Peter Dimmock announced that the top names in rthe voting were Chris Brasher, Donald Campbell, Bert Trautmann, Peter May and Jim Laker. However, the final order was never confirmed.

The BBC was unable to use any of the footage from the Olympic Games due to a dispute

'''1957'''

1st Dai Rees

No record of the second and third place winners survives

The programme was switched to the Great Room at the Grosvenor House. Bryan Cowgill took over as producer.

The programme ended with a dramatic flourish and a fanfare by four trumpeters from the Royal Military School of Music before the toastmaster, John Mills, announced the arrival of the Ryder Cup team onto the stage. Peter Dimmock presented the award to Dai Rees, who was the first Welsh winner and the oldest winner (aged 44)

Rees had inspired Great Britani and Ireland to their first Ryder Cup win since 1935, in the match played at Lindrick in Yorkshire

'''1958'''

1st Ian Black

2nd Bobby Charlton

3rd Nat Lofthouse

Black was the first Scottish winner and the youngest winner (aged 17). He had won three gold medals in the European Championships, as well as gold and two silvers at the Empire Games

'''1959'''

1st John Surtees

2nd Bobby Charlton

3rd Ian Black

The programme moved to the Television Theatre in Shepherd’s Bush, and broke away from the Daily Express awards. With a full stage to work with, the production team brought in cars and props.

David Coleman appeared for the first time. Jack Brabham pushed his car into the studio, recreating the moment when his car ran out of petrol on the last lap in the final race of the season in Florida.

John Surtees won both the 350cc and 500cc world titles, and retained both titles in 1960

=== 1960s ===
'''1960'''

1st David Broome

2nd Don Thompson

3rd Anita Lonsbrough

Overseas – Herb Elliott

Team – Cooper Motor Racing

Peter Dimmock announced the introduction of two new trophies: the International award and the Team of the Year award.

David Coleman interviewed Beryl Burton, “You’ve also got a job, you’re a housewife and you’ve got a child”. Burton replied that she would turn professional if she was offered £20 a week and a pound a week.

As Broome wanted to be handed the trophy, his horse, Sunsalve, was brought into the studio.

The Cooper team had taken Jack Brabham to the World Championship for the second time. His team mate Bruce McLaren was runner-up. Real Madrid beat Eintracht Frankfurt 7-3 in the European Cup final, but they were not candidates for what was purely a domestic team award in the gift of Paul Fox.

The Sports Review music was first used in 1960. It is called ‘Pioneer Trail’ and was composed by Charles Williams and played by the Melody Light Orchestra.

On the day the show was broadcast (14 December) West Indies and Australia took part in the first Test match to end in a tie.

'''1961'''

1st Stirling Moss

2nd Billy Walker

3rd Angela Mortimer

Overseas – Valery Brumel

Team – Tottenham Hotspur

Harry Carpenter made his first studio appearance on the show. Peter West was a co-presenter for the first time.

Moss was presented with his award by Sir Stanley Rous.

Brumel set a new world record in the high jump of 7’ 4 ½”

Spurs won the double, captained by Danny Blanchflower and managed by Bill Nicholson

'''1962'''

1st Anita Lonsbrough

2nd Dorothy Hyman

3rd Linda Ludgrove

Overseas – Donald Jackson

Team – BRM

Lonsbrough won three Empire and one European gold, and set two world records. First woman to win. Only occasion when sportswomen have filled the top three places.

Linda Ludgrove won two backstroke golds at the Empire Games in Perth.

Graham Hill won the world championship, and his BRM team won the Team of the Year award.

Donald Jackson was a Canadian figure skater. Alan Weeks presented him with the award at Streatham ice rink.

'''1963'''

1st Dorothy Hyman

2nd Bobby McGregor

3rd Jim Clark

Overseas – Jacques Anquetil

Team – West Indies cricket

Alun Williams interviewed the All Blacks in Cardiff. Frank Windsor voiced a film focusing on the problems that football was facing.

Dorothy Hyman won two medals in Rome, and won another in Tokyo. Learie Constantine presented the trophy

Bobbie McGregor became the first Briton to hold a world sprint record

Jim Clark was world champion in 1963

West Indies captain Frank Worrell flew in to collect the team award

'''1964'''

1st Mary Rand

2nd Barry Briggs

3rd Ann Packer

Overseas – Abele Bikila

Team – England youth football

Frank Bough succeeded Peter Dimmock as the main presenter. Len Martin introduced Britain’s five gold medalists, who were standing in giant rings at the back of the set. Harry Carpenter interviewed boxers in a mock gym. Fred Trueman was in a gloomy mood when interviewed by Peter West, as he had been omitted from the squad to tour South Africa.

Lord Mounbatten made the presentation as the trumpeters played ‘Tokyo Melody’

Mary Rand won gold in the long jump, silver in the pentathlon and bronze in the 4x100m relay at the Olympics

Barry Briggs was world speedway champion

Ann Packer won gold in the 800m and silver in the 400m at the Olympics

Abebe Bikila was presented with his award by Haile Selassie

The England youth squad successfully defended the Youth World Cup. Stanley Rous presented the trophy

A wedding cake was presented to Ann Packer and Robbie Brightwell

'''1965'''

1st Tommy Simpson

2nd Jim Clark

3rd Marion Coakes

Overseas – Ron Clarke and Gary Player

Team – West Ham

First programme featuring Graham Hill chatting to Jackie Stewart

Tommy Simpson was Britain’s first ever road race world champion. Died in 1967

Jim Clark won the world championship

Marion Coakes, aged 18, won the World Championship, on Stroller

The Overseas awartd was shared for the first time

West Ham beat Munich 1860 in the European Cup Winners’ Cup final at Wembley

First programme edited by Alan Hart, who remained at the helm for 12 shows

'''1966'''

1st Bobby Moore

2nd Barry Briggs

3rd Geoff Hurst

Overseas – Eusebio and Gary Sobers

Team – England football

Barry Briggs won his fourth world title

Bobby Moore became the first person to win both the individual and team awards. Steve Redgrave is the only other person to have collected both in the same year

The Team award was presented to Alf Ramsey by Helmet Schoen, the manager of West Germany

Eusebio won the Golden Boot for scoring nine goals in the World Cup

Gary Sobers averaged 103 in the Test series against England

'''1967'''

1st Henry Cooper

2nd Beryl Burton

3rd Harvey Smith

Team – Celtic

Overseas – George Moore

Cooper defended his British and Commonwealth titles, defeating Jack Bodell and Billy Walker

Harvey Smith was in the studio with Harvester

Francis Chichester presented the main award

Matt Busby presented Jock Stein with the Team award

Australian jockey George Moore rode 72 winners, including Royal Palace in the Derby. At 44 he was the oldest winner of the award, which was presented to him in Sydney by Bobbie Simpson

'''1968'''

1st David Hemery

2nd Graham Hill

3rd Marion Coakes

Team – Man Utd

Overseas – Oleg Protopopov and Ludmila Belousova

As in 1964, the five gold medalists stood in giant Olympic rings. Alongside them stood David Hemery.

Ron Clarke presented the trophy to Hemery

Graham Hill won his second World Championship

Marion Coakes won a silver medal on Stroller

Jack Charlton presented the Team award to Bobby

Protopopov and Belousova were the first married couple to receive an award. They won the Olympic pairs ice skating title in 1964 and 1968, as well as four successive world championships from 1965

'''1969'''

1st Ann Jones

2nd Tony Jacklin

3rd George Best

Team – Women’s 4x400m relay, Ryder Cup

Overseas – Rod Laver

Manager – Don Revie

Ann Jones also won the Wimbledon mixed doubles (with Fred Stolle). Trophy presented by Princess Alexandra

Tony Jacklin won the Open at Lytham

Team award shared for the first time. Relay team of Pat Lowe, Rosemary Stirling, Janet Simpson and Lillian Board won the European Championships in Athens

Ryder Cup team drew with America, following Nicklaus’s conceded putt at Royal Birkdale

Rod Laver won his second Grand Slam

Don Revie won a special Manager of the Year award, a tiny replica camera trophy

=== 1970s ===
'''1970'''

1st Henry Cooper

2nd Tony Jacklin

3rd Bobby Moore

Team – Vincent O’Brien, Lester Piggott and Nijinsky

Overseas – Pele

Cooper became the first person to win the main award twice

Jacklin became the first British player to win the US Open

Nijinsky won the Derby, 2000 Guineas, St Leger and the King George. Trophy presented by Lord Wigg. Nijinsky had been retired to stud in America

'''1971'''

1st Princess Anne

2nd George Best

3rd Barry John

Team – British Lions

Overseas – Lee Trevino

Princess Anne won both the team and individual golds on Doublet at the European Three-day Event Championship at Burghley. Henry Cooper presented the trophy

The Lions won the series in New Zealand, captained by John Dawes and managed by Dr Doug Smith

Lee Trevino won the 100th Open Championship at Royal Birkdale

This was the last time that Peter Dimmock announced the overall winner. He had done so for all 18 years, as well as presenting the first ten programmes

'''1972'''

1st Mary Peters

2nd Gordon Banks

3rd Richard Meade

Team – Three-day event team

Overseas – Olga Korbut

Mary Peters collected the trophy from Princess Anne, and remarked ‘hasn’t she kept it nice!’

Richard Meade won the individual gold medal on Laurieston

The gold medal winning team was Richard Meade, Mark Phillips, Mary Gordon-Watson and Bridget Parker. Trophy presented by Roger Bannister

Olga Korbut was aged 17, and won gold on the beam and the floor, as well as with the USSR team. Korbut was the first woman to win the Overseas award outright

Harry Carpenter interviewed Ali, who was in an NBC studio in New York. Ali said Harry was ‘not as dumb as he looked’

'''1973'''

1st Jackie Stewart

2nd Roger Taylor

3rd Paddy McMahon

Team – Sunderland

Overseas – Muhammad Ali

Jackie Stewart won his third world championship, and retired at the end of the year

Roger Taylor reached the Wimbledon semi-finals, in the year of the boycott

Paddy McMahon won at the European Championships at Hickstead

Muhammad Ali wins the first of his three awards, presented by James J Braddock

'''1974'''

1st Brendan Foster

2nd John Conteh

3rd Willie John McBride

Team – British Lions

Overseas – Muhammad Ali

Foster won the 5000m at the European Championships, and was second in the 5000m at the Commonwealth Games in New Zealand

Conteh became the first British light-heavyweight champion for 25 years, beating the Argentinian Jorge Ahumada

McBride captained the Lions to a 3-0 series win in South Africa

Don Revie presented the Lions with the Team award

Ali beat Frasier, and then beat Foreman in the ‘rumble in the jungle’

Roger Mills received his medal for the 20km walk at the European Championships during Sports Review, as the bronze medalist was later disqualified

'''1975'''

1st David Steele

2nd Alan Pascoe

3rd David Wilkie

Team – Men’s swimming team

Overseas – Arthur Ashe

Steele scored 365 runs in 6 innings in the Ashes series, including a top score of 92

Pascoe won 22 of his 23 races in 1975

Wilkie won two world swimming golds and Brian Brinkley won six ASA titles. Britain were the second strongest team in the world, behind USA. The award was presented by Chris Bonnington

Ashe was the first black male to win Wimbledon, beating Connors in the final

'''1976'''

1st John Curry

2nd James Hunt

3rd David Wilkie

Team – British modern pentathlon team

Overseas – Nadia Comaneci

Jimmy Hill joined Frank Bough and Harry Carpenter for the first time

John Curry became the first British figure skater to win Olympic gold

James Hunt won his first and only world title

David Wilkie won gold in the 200m breaststroke, and silver in the 100m breaststroke

Modern pentathlon team of Adrian Parker, Jeremy Fox and Robert Nightingale won gold, and the Soviet team was disqualified after Boris Onischenko’s epee was found to be recording illegal hits

Nadia Comaneci won three golds, one silver and a bronze

'''1977'''

1st Virginia Wade

2nd Geoff Boycott

3rd Barry Sheene

Team – Liverpool

Overseas – Niki Lauda

The programme moved to the New London Theatre in Drury Lane. Martin Hopkins began a long run as programme producer

Wade had also won the 1968 US and Australian Open titles. Trophy presented by Prince Michael of Kent

Boycott returned after three years of self-imposed exile, and scored his hundredth first class century in the Headingley Ashes Test

Barry Sheene was 500cc world champion for the second successive year

Liverpool beat Borussia Monchengladbach in the European Cup final. Only football team to have won the Team award three times

Niki Lauda won the world championship, a year after his near-fatal accident, for Ferrari

Red Rum was in the studio and pricked up its ears when it heard Tommy Stack’s voice

'''1978'''

1st Steve Ovett

2nd Daley Thompson

3rd Ian Botham

Team – British men’s and women’s tennis

Overseas – Muhammad Ali

Programme held at BBC Television Centre for the first time

Ovett won the European 1500m title. He was presented with the award by Prince Charles, but Ovett’s speech was never heard as the programme ran out of time

Thompson had won gold in the Commonwealth Games in Edmonton

Botham made 108 and took 8-34 against Pakistan at Lords

Paul Hutchins captained the men’s team to a semi-final win over Australia in the Davis Cup, and captained the women’s team to a Wightman Cup victory over the USA

Muhammad Ali won the Overseas award for a third time, after regaining the title from Leon Spinks

'''1979'''

1st Sebastian Coe

2nd Ian Botham

3rd Kevin Keegan

Team – British show jumping

Overseas – Bjorn Borg

Coe broke the world records for the 800m, the mile and the 1500m

Botham completed the fastest double (1000 runs and 100 wickets) in Test cricket, reaching it in just 21 matches

Keegan was European Player of the Year, playing for SV Hamburg

The show jumping team of Caroline Bradley, Malcolm Pyrah, Derek Ricketts and David Broome won the European Championships

Borg won Wimbledon for the fourth consecutive year, beating Roscoe Tanner in the final

=== 1980s ===
'''1980'''

1st Robin Cousins

2nd Sebastian Coe

3rd Daley Thompson

Team – England rugby union

Overseas – Jack Nicklaus

Cousins won the Olympic figure skating title in Lake Placid

Coe won the Olympic 1500m and took silver in the 800m

Thompson won gold in the decathlon

England won the Grand Slam for the first time in 23 years. This was a rare team win by non-Olympic team in an Olympic year

Nicklaus won the US Open and PGA, and received the trophy from Sam Sneed

'''1981'''

1st Ian Botham

2nd Steve Davis

3rd Sebastian Coe

Team – Bob Champion and Aldaniti

Overseas – Chris Evert Lloyd

Special award – Dennis Moore

Botham scored 149 at Headingley and 118 at Old Trafford. Trophy presented by Douglas Bader

Davis won his first World Championship, beating Doug Mountjoy

Coe twice lowered the record time for the mile

Aldaniti was trained by Josh Gifford

Evert won her third, and last, Wimbledon singles title, beating Hana Mandlikova

Dennis Moore, who had been blind since birth, ran the London marathon. In recognition of this achievement, and to mark the Year of the Disabled, Jimmy Saville prersented him with a special Award

'''1982'''

1st Daley Thompson

2nd Alex Higgins

3rd Steve Cram

Team – Torvill and Dean

Overseas – Jimmy Connors

Thompson won gold at the Commonwealth Games in Brisbane, and the European Championships in Athens. Trophy presented by Gary Sobers

Higgins won his second world title, beating Ray Reardon

Cram won the 1500m at Brisbane and Athens

Torvill and Dean won the World Championships with their ‘Mack and Mabel’ routine

Connors beat McEnroe to win his second Wimbledon, and also won the US Open

'''1983'''

1st Steve Cram

2nd Torvill and Dean

3rd Daley Thompson

Team – Torvill and Dean

Overseas – Carl Lewis

International Team – Alan Bond and the crew of Australia II

Des Lynam took over as main presenter, a job he kept for 16 years

Cram won the 1500m in the first ever World Championships, held in Helsinki

Torvill and Dean won the World Championship with their ‘Barnum’ routine

Thompson won gold in the decathlon at the World Championships

Carl Lewis won the 100m and long jump at the World Championships

Torvill and Dean became the first winners of the Team award in successive years

Alan Bond won the Americas Cup, after the USA had held it for 132 years, and won the Special award for International Team

For the first time there were silver plates for the second and third placed personalities

Richard Noble was in the studio with Thrust II, which had reached 633 mph

Frank Bruno appeared on the programme for the first time

'''1984'''

1st Torvill and Dean

2nd Sebastian Coe

3rd Steve Davis

Team – British hockey squad

Overseas – Seve Ballesteros

Special award – Lester Piggott

Torvill and Dean won Olympic gold in Sarajevo with their ‘Bolero’ routine. Elton John presented the award

Coe won Olympic gold in the 1500m

Davis won his third world title, beating Jimmy White in the final

The British hockey team won Olympic bronze

Ballesteros won The Open at St Andrews. Tony Jacklin presented the award

Lester Piggott won a Special award, having ridden to a record 28th classic success on Commanche Run in the St Leger

'''1985'''

1st Barry McGuigan

2nd Ian Botham

3rd Steve Cram

Team – Ryder Cup

Oversea – Boris Becker

McGuigan won the WBA featherweight title against Eusebio Pedroza at Loftus Road

Botham was in the England team that retained the Ashes under David Gower

Cram broke 1500m, mile and 2000m world records in the space of 19 days

Europe’s golfers won the Ryder Cup for the first time since 1957. Sam Torrance made the winning putt. Henry Cotton presented the trophy

Becker won Wimbledon at the age of 17, beating Kevin Curren in the final

'''1986'''

1st Nigel Mansell

2nd Fatima Whitbread

3rd Kenny Dalglish

Team – Liverpool

Overseas – Greg Norman

Special Team – British men’s 4x400m relay squad

Steve Rider presented the programme with Des Lynam for the first time

Mansell lost the world title when his left rear tyre exploded in Adelaide, driving for Williams

Whitbread won the European Championships with a world record throw of over 77m

Dalglish played in the double-winning team

Greg Norman won his first Open, at Turnberry

The relay squad (Derek Redmond, Kriss Akabusi, Brian Whittle, Roger Black, Todd Bennett, and Phil Brown) won gold at the European Championships. Brian Whittle ran the last leg in just one shoe

Ballyregan Bob became the first dog to appear in the studio

'''1987'''

1st Fatima Whitbread

2nd Steve Davis

3rd Ian Woosnam

Team – European Ryder Cup

Overseas – Martina Navratilova

Whitbread won Britain’s only gold medal at the World Championships in Rome

Steve Davis won his fourth world title

Ian Woosnam had the richest season ever in golf, winning eight tournaments and $1.8 million

Ryder Cup team won on American soil for the first time in 60 years, at Muirfield. Tony Jacklin was captain, and Eamonn Darcy holed the winning putt

Navratilova won her eight Wimbledon, and was presented with the award by Chris Evert

Money was raised for Jonjo O’Neill’s cancer charity in a golf simulator in the studio

'''1988'''

1st Steve Davis

2nd Adrian Moorhouse

3rd Sandy Lyle

Team – British hockey squad

Overseas – Steffi Graf

Davis beat Griffiths to win his fifth world title

Moorhouse emulated Duncan Goodhew eight years earlier by winning the 100m breaststroke at the Olympics

Lyle became the first British winner of the Masters

GB beat Germany to win Britain’s first ever hockey gold. Captained by Richard Dodds. Commentator Barry Davis said "Where were the Germans? And frankly who cares?"

Graf won the Grand Slam and the Olympic title. Award presented by Fred Perry

Malcolm Cooper and Alistair Allan, who had won gold and silver in the small bore rifle, were persuaded to take part in a studio-based duck-shooting competition

'''1989'''

1st Nick Faldo

2nd Frank Bruno

3rd Steve Davis

Team – British men’s athletics

Overseas – Mike Tyson

The programme moved to the Queen Elizabeth II Conference Centre in Westminster

Faldo won the Masters

Bruno fought Tyson in Las Vegas, but lost in the fifth round

Davis finished in the top three for the fifth time

Britain won the Europa Cup at Gateshead, and came third in the World Cup final in Barcelona. The award was presented by Gordon Pirie

Tyson was the undisputed heavyweight champion

Gary Lineker and Frank Bruno won a special game of table football in the studio stunt

The first telephone poll to identify the sporting moment of the decade finished in a tie between Liverpool (1986 double) and Daley Thompson (1983 World Championships)

=== 1990s ===
'''1990'''

1st Paul Gascoigne

2nd Stephen Hendry

3rd Graham Gooch

Team – Scotland rugby union

Overseas – Mel Meninga

Good Sport – Derek Warwick, Martin Donnelly, Louise Aitken-Walker and co-driver Tina Thorner

New editor John Phillips decided to look back at the sporting year in monthly film packages, rather than the traditional sport by sport basis

Hendry won his first world title, aged 21, beating Jimmy White

Gooch scored 333 and 123 against India at Lords

Scotland beat England in the Grand Slam, decider. Winning try scored by Tony Stanger. Trophy presented by Bill McLaren

Mel Meninga captained Australia to a Test series win over England

The racing drivers who won the special Good Sport of the Year award were all involved in bad crashes

'''1991'''

1st Liz McColgan

2nd Will Carling

3rd Gary Lineker

Team winner 1 – British men’s 4x400m relay

Team winner 2 – England rugby union

Overseas – Mike Powell

New editor Brian Barwick returned to the traditional formula

McColgan won the 10000m at the World Championships in Tokyo

Carling led England to a Grand Slam and a World Cup final, where they lost to Australia.

Relay squad of Redmond, Black, Regis and Akabusi won gold at the World Championships

Team award presented by David Campese

Powell broke Beamon’s world record, with a jump of 8.95m at the World Championships. Trophy presented by Lynn Davies

Bob Nudd received the most votes following a campaign in the Angling Times. However the BBC deemed this to be against the rules and ‘discarded all the ballots cast on forms printed in the Angling Times’

'''1992'''

1st Nigel Mansell

2nd Linford Christie

3rd Sally Gunnell

Team – British rowing

Overseas – Andre Agassi

Mansell won the world title, driving for Williams

Christie won the 100m gold at the Barcelona Olympics

Gunnell won the 400m hurdles gold

In a studio stunt, Redgrave beat Pinsent and the Searle brothers in a rowing contest

Agassi beat Ivanisevic in the Wimbledon final

'''1993'''

1st Linford Christie

2nd Sally Gunnell

3rd Nigel Mansell

Team – England rugby union

Overseas – Greg Norman

Christie and Gunnell both won gold in the World Championships held in Stuttgart

Nigel Mansell won the Indycar Championship, racing for Paul Newman

England beat the All Blacks

Greg Norman won the Open at Royal St Georges

Des Lynam appeared in the Grand National starter’s outfit of black bowler, brown raincoat and red flag. Keith Brown was the starter of the National that never was

'''1994'''

1st Damon Hill

2nd Sally Gunnell

3rd Colin Jackson

Team – Wigan

Overseas – Brian Lara

Special award – Lester Piggott

Sue Barker presented the programme for the first time

Damon Hill finished second in the world championship to Michael Schumacher. Trophy presented by Chris Chataway

Gunnell and Jackson won gold at the European Championships in Helsinki

Wigan won the Treble and the World Club Challenge

Lara scored 375 against England in Antigua and 501 for Warwicks against Durham. Trophy presented by Gary Sobers

Piggott won his second Special award, aged 60. Presented by Peter O’Sullevan

'''1995'''

1st Jonathan Edwards

2nd Frank Bruno

3rd Colin McRae

Team – Ryder Cup

Overseas – Jonah Lomu

Edwards won gold and broke the world record at the World Championships in Gothenburg

Bruno beat Oliver McCall at Wembley to win the WBC heavyweight title

Colin McRae became the first Briton and the youngest to win the World Rally Championship Drivers' title, aged 27, driving a Subaru

Ryder Cup team, captained by Bernard Gallagher, won at Oak Hill

Lomu scored four tries against England in the World Cup semi-final. First rugby player and first New Zealander to win the award

An unsuccessful attempt to break the world standing long jump record was made in the studio

'''1996'''

1st Damon Hill

2nd Steve Redgrave

3rd Frankie Dettori

Team – Redgrave and Pinsent

Overseas 1 – Evander Holyfield

Overseas 2 – Michael Johnson

Lifetime Achievement – Frank Bruno

Damon Hill won the world title, and won the award for the second time. Only Cooper and Mansell have also been double winners

Redgrave and Pinsent won the coxless pairs at the Atlanta Olympics, giving Redgrave his fourth gold medal. Ann Redgrave presented the team award

Frankie Dettori rode seven winners in a day at Ascot

Holyfield held versions of the world heavyweight title on four separate occasions. In 1996 he defeated Mike Tyson. Frank Bruno presented the award

Michael Johnson became the first man to complete the 200m and 400m double at the same games, and set a 200m world record of 19.32 seconds

Bruno retired after losing to Tyson in Las Vegas

After 20 years at the helm, this was the final show for producer Martin Hopkins

'''1997'''

1st Greg Rusedski

2nd Tim Henman

3rd Steve Redgrave

Team – British Lions

Overseas – Martina Hingis

Lifetime Achievement – Seve Ballesteros

Rusedski became the first British player to reach the US Open final for 61 years. He was beaten by Pat Rafter

Henman won his first title, in Sydney. Henman and Rusedski both reached the quarter-finals

Lions won in South Africa thanks to Guscott’s drop goal in Durban. Willie John McBride presented the award

Hingis beat Novotna at Wimbledon to become the youngest winner of the century, aged 16

Ballesteros captained the Ryder Cup team in Valderrama. Colin Montgomerie presented the award

Andy Green’s land speed record-breaking Thrust SS6 (714 mph in the Black Rock Desert, Nevada) was parked outside the conference centre

'''1998'''

1st Michael Owen

2nd Denise Lewis

3rd Iwan Thomas

Team – Arsenal

Overseas – Mark O’Meara

Editor Dave Gordon instigated the first ever telephone poll. Calls cost 10p

This was the final show presented by Des Lynam

Michael Owen scored against Argentina in the World Cup, and at 19, was the second youngest winner of the trophy

Denise Lewis won gold at the Commonwealth Games in Kuala Lumpur and the European Championships in Budapest

Iwan Thomas won gold in the 400m at the Commonwealth Games and the European Championships

Arsenal won the double

Mark O’Meara won the Masters and the Open at Royal Birkdale, aged 41

'''1999'''

1st Lennox Lewis

2nd David Beckham

3rd Colin Jackson

Team – Man Utd

Overseas – Maurice Greene

Coach – Alex Ferguson

Helen Rollason award, awarded to someone who has shown ‘outstanding achievement in the face of adversity’ – Jenny Pitman

Newcomer – Dean Macey

Sports Personality of the Century – Muhammad Ali

The programme moved to the BBC Television Centre, and set out to review a century of sporting achievement. Clare Balding and John Inverdale joined the team of presenters. The name of the show changed from ‘Sports Review of the Year’ to ‘Sports Personality of the Year’. Philip Bernie took over as editor

Lewis defeated Holyfield to become undisputed champion

Jackson won gold in the 110m hurdles at the World Championships in Seville

Greene broke the 100m world record and won all three sprint golds at the World Championships

Ferguson was presented with the trophy by Seve Ballesteros

Jenny Pitman had overcome cancer and was presented with the award by Helen Rollason’s daughter, Nicky

Macey won silver in the decathlon at the World Championships

Muhammad Ali was interviewed by Harry Carpenter. Holyfield presented the trophy

=== 2000s ===
'''2000'''

1st Steve Redgrave

2nd Denise Lewis

3rd Tanni Grey-Thompson

Team – British Olympic and Paralympic teams

Overseas – Tiger Woods

Coach – Jurgen Grobler

Helen Rollason award – Tanni Grey-Thompson

Newcomer – Jenson Button

Redgrave won his fifth Olympic gold. Third individual and third team award

Denise Lewis won Olympic gold in the heptathlon

Tanni Grey-Thompson won four golds at the Paralympics

Britain won 28 medals at the Olympics, including 11 gold, and 131 medals at the Paralympics

Tiger Woods won the Open at St Andrews, the US Open and the PGA

Jurgen Grobler coached the coxless four

Jenson Button made his F1 debut for Williams

'''2001'''

1st David Beckham

2nd Ellen MacArthur

3rd Michael Owen

Team – Liverpool

Overseas – Goran Ivanisevic

Coach – Sven Goran Eriksson

Helen Rollason award – Ellen MacArthur

Young Sports Personality (replaced the Newcomer award) – Amy Spencer

Lifetime Achievement (established as a permanent category) – Alex Ferguson

Beckham scored with a free kick against Greece to ensure qualification for World Cup

Ellen MacArthur sailed round the world in Kingfisher

Michael Owen scored a hat-trick in 5-1 win over Germany

Liverpool won five trophies, managed by Gerard Houllier

Goran Ivanisevic won Wimbledon, beating Pat Rafter in the final. Trophy presented by Boris Becker

Eriksson was presented with the award by Bobby Charlton

Amy Spencer was a 16-year-old sprinter

'''2002'''

1st Paula Radcliffe

2nd David Beckham

3rd Tony McCoy

Team – Ryder Cup

Overseas – Ronaldo

Coach – Arsene Wenger

Helen Rollason award – Jane Tomlinson

Young Sports Personality – Wayne Rooney

Lifetime Achievement – George Best

For the first time the voting figures were announced. Paula Radcliffe received over 600,000 votes

Paula Radcliffe broke her own world record in the London marathon

Tony McCoy passed Richard Dunwoody’s record of National Hunt winners

Europe, captained by Sam Torrance, won the Ryder Cup at The Belfry. Moved from 2001 following 9/11 attacks

Arsene Wenger managed Arsenal to their second double in five years

Jane Tomlinson ran the London marathon and a triathlon

Wayne Rooney, aged 17, received the trophy from Eriksson, who had already capped him

George Best received the trophy from Bobby Charlton

'''2003'''

1st Jonny Wilkinson

2nd Martin Johnson

3rd Paula Radcliffe

Team – England rugby union

Overseas – Lance Armstrong

Coach – Clive Woodward

Helen Rollason award – Michael Watson

Young Sports Personality – Kate Haywood

Lifetime Achievement – Martina Navratilova

Unsung Hero – Nobby Woodcock

Golden Sports Personality – Steve Redgrave

Team of the Decades – England 1966 football team. Also known as the Golden Team award

Wilkinson was the first rugby union player to win the award, presented by the Princess Royal

England won the rugby union World Cup

Lance Armstrong won the Tour de France for the fifth year in succession

Michael Watson completed the London marathon despite having been told he may never walk again, as a result of near-fatal injury sustained in a WBO super-middleweight title fight defeat by Chris Eubank in 1991

Kate Haywood was the youngest ever swimmer to represent England at the 2002 Commonwealth Games, aged 15

The inaugural winner of the Unsung Hero award was 63-year-old Nobby Woodcock, for ‘his unstinting work with grassroots football in Wales’

To celebrate the golden anniversary of the show, a special award was voted for by the public to recognise an all-time Golden Sports Personality from the previous winners of the last 49 years. The show was preceded every evening of the preceding week by a programme called ‘Simply The Best’, in which the merits are considered of each decade's past winners

'''2004'''

1st Kelly Holmes

2nd Matthew Pinsent

3rd Andrew Flintoff

Team – Olympic men’s coxless four

Overseas – Roger Federer

Coach – Arsene Wenger

Helen Rollason award – Kirsty Howard

Young Sports Personality – Andy Murray

Lifetime Achievement – Ian Botham

Unsung Hero – Abdullah Ben-Kmayal

Holmes was the first black woman to win

Pinsent won his fourth Olympic gold

Rowing four – Matthew Pinsent, James Cracknell, Ed Coode and Steve Williams

Kirsty Howard won the award for raising money for poorly children in Francis House hospice through Kirsty's Appeal, despite having an inoperable heart condition

Federer won three Grand Slam events. Trophy presented by Tim Henman

Arsenal were unbeaten in the Premier League

Murray won the US Open boy’s singles title. Trophy presented by Boris Becker

Botham was presented with the trophy by Viv Richards

'''2005'''

1st Andrew Flintoff

2nd Ellen MacArthur

3rd Steven Gerrard

Team – England cricket

Overseas – Shane Warne

Coach – Jose Mourinho

Helen Rollason award – Geoff Thomas

Young Sports Personality – Harry Aikines-Aryeetey

Lifetime Achievement – Pele

Unsung Hero – Trevor Collins

Special Gold Award – Sebastian Coe

England regained the Ashes for the first time in 18 years. Botham presented the award in Lahore

Ellen MacArthur broke the solo record for sailing non-stop around the world in 2004 and was made a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 2005

Vaughan accepted the Team award

Warne took 40 wickets in the Ashes series

Mourinho managed Chelsea to their first title in 50 years

Geoff Thomas won for raising ‘more than £150,000 for the Leukaemia Research charity’ by cycling

Harry Aikines-Aryeetey won for becoming the "first sprinter in the six-year history of the IAAF World Youth Championships to win gold in both the 100m and 200m’

Sebastian Coe received a Special Gold Award for chairing London's winning bid for the 2012 Olympics

'''2006'''

1st Zara Phillips

2nd Darren Clarke

3rd Beth Tweddle

Team – St Helens

Overseas – Roger Federer

Coach – Daniel Anderson

Helen Rollason award – Paul Hunter

Young Sports Personality – Theo Walcott

Lifetime Achievement – Bjorn Borg

Unsung Hero – Val Hanover

Special Award – David Walliams

Held at the NEC – the first time the event had been held outside London. For the first time, tickets for the event were made available to the public, and 3,000 were sold in the first hour. Adrian Chiles joined the show and co-presented alongside Barker and Lineker for two years

Zara Phillips won the individual gold on Toytown in the three-day eventing competition at the World Equestrian Games in Aachen

Darren Clarke lost his wife to cancer six weeks before he honoured a commitment he made to her by playing in the Ryder Cup

Beth Tweddle became Britain's first ever gymnastics World Champion by winning the uneven bars event in the World Championships in Aarhus, Denmark

Lindsey Hunter accepted the Helen Rollason Award on behalf of her husband, Paul, the snooker player who died of cancer two months earlier aged 27

Team award decided by public vote. St Helens won the Challenge Cup and the Super League

Daniel Anderson was the first rugby league coach to win the award

David Walliams swam the English Channel for charity, and raised over £1 million for Sport Relief

'''2007'''

1st Joe Calzaghe

2nd Lewis Hamilton

3rd Ricky Hatton

Team – England rugby union

Overseas – Roger Federer

Coach – Erno Calzaghe

Helen Rollason award – Oscar Pistorius

Young Sports Personality – Tom Daley

Lifetime Achievement – Bobby Robson

Unsung Hero – Margaret Simons

Held at the NEC

The Welsh super-middleweight boxer was crowned undisputed world champion in November when he defeated Mikkel Kessler in Cardiff. Lewis presented Calzaghe with his award

Hamilton finished runner-up to Raikkonen in his debut F1 season

Hatton finished in third place having surrendered his unbeaten record to Floyd Mayweather in Las Vegas overnight

England rugby team reached the World Cup final, beaten by South Africa

Roger Federer became only the second person after Muhammad Ali to win the Overseas Personality of the Year three times

Erno Calzaghe won the award for training Joe Calzaghe to 44 undefeated fights and 10 years as world champion

Tom Daley was aged 13

'''2008'''

1st Chris Hoy

2nd Lewis Hamilton

3rd Rebecca Adlington

Team – Olympic cycling

Overseas – Usain Bolt

Coach – David Brailsford

Helen Rollason award – Alistair Hignall

Young Sports Personality – Eleanor Simmons

Lifetime Achievement – Bobby Charlton

Unsung Hero – Ben Geyser

In February 2008, the BBC announced that the 2008 Sports Personality of the Year event would be held at the Echo Arena, Liverpool. One reason for the move to Liverpool was to allow greater numbers to view the show live, as the 10,600-seater venue in Liverpool had a bigger capacity than the NEC. Jake Humphrey replaced Chiles as co-presenter

David Brailsford was named Coach of the Year for steering his team to eight gold medals

Jack Charlton presented Bobby with his award

'''2009'''

1st Ryan Giggs

2nd Jenson Button

3rd Jessica Ennis

Team – England men’s cricket

Overseas – Usain Bolt

Coach – Fabio Capello

Helen Rollason award – Phil Packer

Young Sports Personality – Tom Daley

Lifetime Achievement – Seve Ballesteros

Unsung Hero – Doreen Adcock

Special Award – Eddie Izzard

It was announced in April 2009 that the show would be staged at the 11,000-seater Sheffield Arena

Major Phil Packer won the award for fundraising over £1.2 million for the Help for Heroes charity, despite being paraplegic since sustaining injuries in the Iraq War

Olazabel presented Ballesteros with his award

Eddie Izzard ran 43 marathons in 51 days for Sport Relief

=== 2010s ===
'''2010'''

1st Tony McCoy

2nd Phil Taylor

3rd Jessica Ennis

Team – European Ryder Cup

Overseas Personality – Rafael Nadal

Coach – Colin Montgomery

Helen Rollason award – Frank Williams

Young Sports Personality – Tom Daley

Lifetime Achievement – David Beckham

Unsung Hero – Lance Haggith

Held at the LG Arena, Birmingham

McCoy is the first jockey to win the award

Daley wins Young Sports Personality for the third time

'''2011'''

1st Mark Cavendish

2nd Darren Clarke

3rd Mo Farah

Team – England cricket

Overseas Personality – Novak Djokovic

Coach – Andy Flower

Helen Rollason award – Bob Champion

Young Sports Personality – Lauren Taylor, the youngest-ever winner of the British Ladies amateur Golf Championship

Lifetime Achievement award – Steve Redgrave

Unsung Heroes – Janice Eaglesham and Ian Mirfin

Held at MediaCityUK

The shortlist was widely criticised for its lack of any female competitors

'''2012'''

1st Bradley Wiggins

2nd Jessica Ennis

3rd Andy Murray

Team – Team GB and Paralympics GB

Overseas Personality – Usain Bolt

Coach – Dave Brailsford

Helen Rollason award – Martine Wright

Young Sports Personality – Josef Craig

Lifetime Achievement award – Seb Coe

Unsung Heroes – Sue and Jim Houghton

Held at ExCeL

'''2013'''

1st Andy Murray

2nd Leigh Halfpenny

3rd Tony McCoy

Overseas Personality – Sebastian Vettel

Coach – Warren Gatland

Team – British and Irish Lions

Young Sports Personality – Amber Hill (15-year-old skeet shooter)

Diamond Award – Alex Ferguson (special award)

Helen Rollason award – Anne Williams (Hillsborough justice campaigner)

Unsung Heroes – Joe and Maggie Forber (basketball coaches)

Held at First Direct Arena, Leeds

Sue Barker steps down as a presenter

'''2014'''

1st Lewis Hamilton

2nd Rory McIlroy

3rd Jo Pavey

Overseas Personality – Cristiano Ronaldo

Coach – Paul McGinley

Team – England women’s Rugby World Cup

Young Sports Personality – Claudia Fragapane

Lifetime Achievement Award – Chris Hoy

Helen Rollason award – Competitors at the Invictus Games. Award presented by Prince Harry

Unsung Hero – Jill Stidever

Held at SSE Hydro, Glasgow

The ceremony was held in Scotland for the first time in its history

'''2015'''

1st Andy Murray

2nd Kevin Sinfield

3rd Jessica Ennis-Hill

Overseas Personality – Dan Carter

Coach – Michael O’Neill

Team – GB Davis Cup

Young Personality – Ellie Downie

Lifetime Achievement Award – Tony McCoy

Helen Rollason award – Bailey Matthews, aged 8

Unsung hero – Damien Lindsay

Held at Odyssey Arena, Belfast

The ceremony was held in Northern Ireland for the first time in its history

Gary Lineker cut his hand on the trophy for the main award

'''2016'''

1st Andy Murray

2nd Alistair Brownlee

3rd Nick Skelton

Overseas Personality – Simon Biles

Coach – Claudio Ranieri

Team – Leicester City

Young Personality – Ellie Robinson

Lifetime Achievement Award – Michael Phelps

Helen Rollason award – Ben Smith

Unsung hero – Marcellus Baz

The ceremony was held at the Genting Arena, Birmingham

Andy Murray is the only person to have won three times

'''2017'''

1st Mo Farah

2nd Jonathan Rea

3rd Jonnie Peacock

Overseas Personality – Roger Federer

Coaches – Benke Blomkvist, Stephen Maguire and Christian Malcolm (GB men’s 4x100m relay)

Team – England Women’s Cricket

Young Personality – Phil Foden

Lifetime Achievement Award – Jessica Ennis-Hill

Helen Rollason award – Bradley Lowery

Unsung hero – Denise Larrad

The ceremony was held at the Echo Arena, Liverpool

'''2018'''

1st Geraint Thomas

2nd Lewis Hamilton

3rd Harry Kane

World Sports Star – Francesco Molinari. New award, replacing Overseas Personality

Coach – Gareth Southgate

Team – England netball

Greatest Moment of the Year – England netball's Commonwealth gold. New award

Young Personality – Kare Adenegan

Lifetime Achievement Award – Billie-Jean King

Helen Rollason award – Billy Monger

Billy Monger won the award for returning to motor racing after a double leg amputation following a crash

Unsung hero – Kirsty Ewan

The ceremony was held at the Genting Arena, Birmingham

'''2019'''

1st Ben Stokes

2nd Lewis Hamilton

3rd Dina Asher-Smith

World Sports Star – Eliud Kipchoge

Coach – John Blackie

Team – England’s Cricket World Cup team

Greatest Moment of the Year – Jos Buttler breaks the stumps to seal Cricket World Cup victory

Young Personality – Caroline Dubois

Lifetime Achievement Award – Tanni Grey-Thompson

Helen Rollason award – Doddie Weir

Unsung hero – Keiren Thompson

The ceremony was held at P&J Live, Aberdeen

=== 2020s ===
'''2020'''

1st Lewis Hamilton

2nd Jordan Henderson

3rd Hollie Doyle

World Sports Star – Khabib Nurmagomedov

Helen Rollason Award – Captain Sir Tom Moore

Expert Special Panel Award – Marcus Rashford

Coach of the Year – Jurgen Klopp

Team of the Year – Liverpool FC

Unsung Hero – Sgt Matt Ratana

Captain Tom Young Unsung Hero – Tobias Weller

Young Personality – Andrea Spendolini-Sirieix

Captain Tom Moore raised over £30 million for NHS Charities Together by completing one hundred lengths of his garden with the help of a walking frame

Tyson Fury was nominated for the main award but posted a video on social media saying “Please take me off your list as I'm the people's champion and have no need for verifications or any awards”. The BBC ignored his request

Marcus Rashford was honoured for his work to raise awareness of child food poverty in the UK

Lewis Hamilton holds the record for the highest number of top three placements with six

The awards took place at Media City, Salford, with no audience due to COVID-19. Alex Scott joined the team of presenters

'''2021'''

1st Emma Raducanu

2nd Tom Daley

3rd Adam Peaty

World Sports Star – Rachael Blackmore

Coach of the Year – Gareth Southgate

Team of the Year – England national football team

Young Personality – Sky Brown

Lifetime Achievement Award – Simone Biles

Helen Rollason Award – Jen Beattie

Unsung hero – Sam Barlow

The awards took place at Media City, Salford, with no audience due to COVID-19

'''2022'''

1st Beth Mead

2nd Ben Stokes

3rd Eve Muirhead

World Sports Star – Lionel Messi

Coach of the Year – Serena Wiegman

Team of the Year – England national women’s football team

Young Personality – Jessica Gadirova

Lifetime Achievement Award – Usain Bolt

Helen Rollason Award – Rob Burrow

Special Award – Kevin Sinfield

Unsung hero – Mike Alden

Kevin Sinfield has run a number of marathons for ex-Leeds teammate Rob Burrow, who has Motor Neurone Disease (MND)

The awards took place at Media City, Salford

'''2023'''

1st Mary Earps

2nd Stuart Broad

3rd Katarina Johnson-Thompson

World Sports Star – Erling Haaland

Coach of the Year – Pep Guardiola

Team of the Year – Manchester City

Young Personality – Mia Brookes

Lifetime Achievement Award – Kenny Dalglish

Helen Rollason Award – Fatima Whitbread

Unsung hero – Des Smith

The awards took place at Media City, Salford. 70th show

'''2024'''

1st Keely Hodgkinson

2nd Luke Littler

3rd Joe Root

Other nominees – Jude Bellingham, Sarah Storey, Alex Yee

World Sports Star – Armand Duplantis

Coach of the Year – Trevor Painter and Jenny Meadows

Team of the Year – Wigan Warriors

Young Personality – Luke Littler

Lifetime Achievement Award – Mark Cavendish

Helen Rollason Award – Mark Prince

Unsung hero – Jean Paton

Painter and Meadows' Manchester-based M11 Track Club produced three Olympic medals for Team GB at Paris 2024 – including Keely Hodgkinson's gold

The awards took place at Media City, Salford

'''2025'''

1st Rory McIlroy

2nd Ellie Kildunne

3rd Lando Norris

Other nominees – Hannah Hampton, Chloe Kelly, Luke Littler

World Sport Star – Armand Duplantis

Coach of the Year – Sarina Weigman

Team of the Year – Europe’s Ryder Cup Team

Young Personality – Michelle Agyemang

Lifetime Achievement Award – Thierry Henry

Helen Rollason Award – Sergio Aguiar and David Stancombe. Fathers of two of the young girls killed in Southport last year. Ran the London Marathon in 2025

For the first time since 2003, the BBC Sports Unsung Hero Award was not awarded

The awards took place at Media City, Salford

Entertainment/Lists of Winners of UK Reality TV Shows

2025-12-20T23:00:06Z

QRNeditor: Brought up to date

== Big Brother ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2000
|Craig Phillips
|-
|2001
|Brian Dowling
|-
|2002
|Kate Lawler
|-
|2003
|Cameron Stout
|-
|2004
|Nadia Almada
|-
|2005
|Anthony Hutton
|-
|2006
|Pete Bennett
|-
|2007
|Brian Belo
|-
|2008
|Rachel Rice
|-
|2009
|Sophie Reade
|-
|2010
|Josie Gibson
|-
|2011
|Aaron Allard-Morgan
|-
|2012
|Luke Anderson
|-
|2013
|Sam Evans
|-
|2014
|Helen Wood
|-
|2015
|Chloe Wilburn
|-
|2016
|Jason Burrill
|-
|2017
|Isabelle Warburton
|-
|2018
|Cameron Cole
|-
|2023
|Jordan Sangha
|-
|2024
|Ali Bromley
|}

== Celebrity Big Brother ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2001
|Jack Dee
|-
|2002
|Mark Owen
|-
|2005
|Bez Berry
|-
|2006
|Chantelle Houghton
|-
|2007
|Shilpa Shetty
|-
|2009
|Ulrika Jonsson
|-
|2010
|Alex Reid
|-
|2011
|Paddy Doherty
|-
|2012
|Denise Welch
|-
|2012
|Julian Clary
|-
|2013
|Rylan Clark
|-
|2013
|Charlotte Crosby
|-
|2014
|Jim Davidson
|-
|2014
|Gary Busey
|-
|2015
|Katie Price
|-
|2015
|James Hill
|-
|2016
|Scotty T
|-
|2016
|Stephen Bear
|-
|2017
|Coleen Nolan
|-
|2017
|Sarah Harding
|-
|2018
|Courtney Act
|-
|2018
|Ryan Thomas
|-
|2024
|David Potts
|-
|2025
|Jack P. Shepherd
|}

== I’m a Celebrity…Get Me Out of Here! ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2002
|Tony Blackburn
|-
|2003
|Phil Tuffnell
|-
|2004
|Kerry Katona
|-
|2004
|Joe Pasquale
|-
|2005
|Carol Thatcher
|-
|2006
|Matt Willis
|-
|2007
|Christopher Biggins
|-
|2008
|Joe Swash
|-
|2009
|Gino D’Acampo
|-
|2010
|Stacey Solomon
|-
|2011
|Dougie Poynter
|-
|2012
|Charlie Brooks
|-
|2013
|Kian Egan
|-
|2014
|Carl Fogarty
|-
|2015
|Vicky Pattison
|-
|2016
|Scarlett Moffatt
|-
|2017
|Georgia Toffolo
|-
|2018
|Harry Redknapp
|-
|2019
|Jacqueline Jossa
|-
|2020
|Giovanna Fletcher
|-
|2021
|Danny Miller
|-
|2022
|Jill Scott
|-
|2023
|Sam Thompson
|-
|2024
|Danny Jones
|-
|2025
|Angry Ginge
|}

== Love Island ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2005
|Fran Cosgrave and Jayne Middlemiss (Celebrity Love Island)
|-
|2006
|Calum Best and Bianca Gascoigne (Celebrity Love Island)
|-
|2015
|Max Morley and Jessica Hayes
|-
|2016
|Nathan Massey and Cara De La Hoyde
|-
|2017
|Kem Cetinay and Amber Davies
|-
|2018
|Jack Fincham and Dani Dyer
|-
|2019
|Greg O’Shea and Amber Gill
|-
|2020
|Finlay Tapp and Paige Turley
|-
|2021
|Liam Reardon and Millie Court
|-
|2022
|Davide Sanclimenti and Ekin-Su Cülcüloğlu
|-
|2023 (March)
|Kai Fagan and Sanam Harrinanan
|-
|2023 (July)
|Jess Harding and Sammy Root
|-
|2024
|Josh Oyinsan and Mimii Ngulube
|-
|2025
|Cach Mercer and Toni Laites
|}

== Popstars ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2001
|Hear’Say
|-
|2002
|Girls Aloud and One True Voice (Popstars: The Rivals)
|}

== Pop Idol ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2002
|Will Young
|-
|2003
|Michelle McManus
|}

== The X Factor ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2004
|Steve Brookstein
|-
|2005
|Shayne Ward
|-
|2006
|Leona Lewis
|-
|2007
|Leon Jackson
|-
|2008
|Alexandra Burke
|-
|2009
|Joe McElderry
|-
|2010
|Matt Cardle
|-
|2011
|Little Mix
|-
|2012
|James Arthur
|-
|2013
|Sam Bailey
|-
|2014
|Ben Haenow
|-
|2015
|Louisa Johnson
|-
|2016
|Matt Terry
|-
|2017
|Rak-Su
|-
|2108
|Dalton Harris
|}

== Strictly Come Dancing ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2004
|Natasha Kaplinsky and Brendan Cole
|-
|2004
|Jill Halfpenny and Darren Bennett
|-
|2005
|Darren Gough and Lilia Kopylova
|-
|2006
|Mark Ramprakash and Karen Hardy
|-
|2007
|Alesha Dixon and Matthew Cutler
|-
|2008
|Tom Chambers and Camilla Dallerup
|-
|2009
|Chris Hollins and Ola Jordan
|-
|2010
|Kara Tointon and Artem Chigvintsev
|-
|2011
|Harry Judd and Aliona Vilani
|-
|2012
|Louis Smith and Flavia Cacace
|-
|2013
|Abbey Clancy and Aljaz Skorjanec
|-
|2014
|Caroline Flack and Pasha Kovalev
|-
|2015
|Jay McGuiness and Aliona Vilani
|-
|2016
|Ore Oduba and Joanne Clifton
|-
|2017
|Joe McFadden and Katya Jones
|-
|2018
|Stacey Dooley and Kevin Clifton
|-
|2019
|Kelvin Fletcher and Oti Mabuse
|-
|2020
|Bill Bailey and Oti Mabuse
|-
|2021
|Rose Ayling-Ellis and Giovanni Pernice
|-
|2022
|Hamza Yassin and Jowita Przystał
|-
|2023
|Ellie Lynch and Vito Coppola
|-
|2024
|Chris McCausland and Dianne Buswell
|-
|2025
|Karen Carney and Carlos Gu
|}

== Dancing on Ice ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2006
|Gaynor Faye and Daniel Whiston
|-
|2007
|Kyran Bracken and Melanie Lambert
|-
|2008
|Suzanne Shaw and Matt Evers
|-
|2009
|Ray Quinn and Maria Filippov
|-
|2010
|Hayley Tamaddon and Daniel Whitson
|-
|2011
|Sam Attwater and Brianne Delcourt
|-
|2012
|Matthew Wolfenden and Nina Ulanova
|-
|2013
|Beth Tweddle and Daniel Whitson
|-
|2014
|Ray Quinn and Maria Filippov
|-
|2018
|Jake Quickenden and Vanessa Bauer
|-
|2019
|James Jordan and Alexandra Schauman
|-
|2020
|Joe Swash and Alex Murphy
|-
|2021
|Sonny Jay and Angela Egan
|-
|2022
|Regan Gascoigne and Karina Manta
|-
|2023
|Nile Wilson and Olivia Smart
|-
|2024
|Ryan Thomas and Amani Fancy
|-
|2025
|Sam Aston and Molly Lanaghan
|}

== The Apprentice ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2005
|Tim Campbell
|-
|2006
|Michelle Dewberry
|-
|2007
|Simon Ambrose
|-
|2008
|Lee McQueen
|-
|2009
|Yasmini Siadatan
|-
|2010
|Stella English
|-
|2011
|Tom Pellereau
|-
|2012
|Ricky Martin
|-
|2013
|Leah Totton
|-
|2014
|Mark Wright
|-
|2015
|Joseph Valente
|-
|2016
|Alana Spencer
|-
|2017
|Sarah Lynn and James White
|-
|2018
|Sian Gabbidon
|-
|2019
|Carina Lepore
|-
|2020
|Not held due to COVID-19
|-
|2021
|Not held due to COVID-19
|-
|2022
|Harpreet Kaur
|-
|2023
|Marnie Swindells
|-
|2024
|Rachel Woolford
|-
|2025
|Dean Franklin
|}

== Britain's Got Talent ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2007
|Paul Potts
|-
|2008
|George Sampson
|-
|2009
|Diversity
|-
|2010
|Spelbound
|-
|2011
|Jai McDowell
|-
|2012
|Ashleigh Butler and her dog Pudsey
|-
|2013
|Attraction
|-
|2104
|Collabro
|-
|2015
|Jules O'Dwyer and her dog Matisse
|-
|2016
|Richard Jones
|-
|2017
|Tokio Myers
|-
|2018
|Lost Voice Guy
|-
|2019
|Colin Thackery
|-
|2020
|Jon Courtenay
|-
|2021
|Not held due to COVID-19
|-
|2022
|Alex Blake
|-
|2023
|Viggo Venn
|-
|2024
|Syndie Christmas
|-
|2025
|Harry Moulding
|}

== The Voice UK ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2012
|Leanne Mitchell
|-
|2013
|Andrea Begley
|-
|2014
|Jermain Jackman
|-
|2015
|Stevie McCrorie
|-
|2016
|Kevin Simm
|-
|2017
|Mo Adeniran
|-
|2018
|Ruti Olajugbagbe
|-
|2019
|Molly Hocking
|-
|2020
|Blessing Chitapa
|-
|2021
|Craig Eddie
|-
|2022
|Anthonia Edwards
|-
|2023
|Jen and Liv
|-
|2024
|AVA
|}

== Celebrity MasterChef ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2006
|Matt Dawson
|-
|2007
|Nadia Sawalha
|-
|2008
|Liz McClarnon
|-
|2009
|Jayne Middlemiss
|-
|2010
|Lisa Faulkner
|-
|2011
|Phil Vickery
|-
|2012
|Emma Kennedy
|-
|2013
|Adrian Edmondson
|-
|2104
|Sophie Thompson
|-
|2015
|Kimberly Wyatt
|-
|2016
|Alexis Conran
|-
|2017
|Angellica Bell
|-
|2018
|John Partridge
|-
|2019
|Greg Rutherford
|-
|2020
|Riyadh Khalaf
|-
|2021
|Kadeena Cox
|-
|2022
|Lisa Snowdon
|-
|2023
|Wynne Evans
|-
|2024
|Vito Coppola
|-
|2025
|Ginger Johnson
|}

== The Great British Bake Off ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2010
|Edd Kimber
|-
|2011
|Joanne Wheatley
|-
|2012
|John Whaite
|-
|2013
|Frances Quinn
|-
|2014
|Nancy Birtwhistle
|-
|2015
|Nadiya Hussain
|-
|2016
|Candice Brown
|-
|2017
|Sophie Faldo
|-
|2018
|Rahul Mandal
|-
|2019
|David Atherton
|-
|2020
|Peter Sawkins
|-
|2021
|Giuseppe Dell'Anno
|-
|2022
|Syabira Yusoff
|-
|2023
|Matty Edgell
|-
|2024
|Georgie Grasso
|-
|2025
|Jasmine Mitchell
|}

== The Jump ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2014
|Joe McElderry
|-
|2015
|Joey Essex
|-
|2016
|Ben Cohen
|-
|2017
|Spencer Matthews
|}

== The Great British Sewing Bee ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2013
|Ann Rowley
|-
|2014
|Heather Jacks
|-
|2015
|Matt Chapple
|-
|2016
|Charlotte Newland
|-
|2019
|Juliet Uzor
|-
|2020
|Clare Bradley
|-
|2021
|Serena Baker
|-
|2022
|Annie Phillips
|-
|2023
|Asmaa Al-allak
|-
|2024
|Luke-Matthew Iveson
|-
|2025
|Caz
|}

== The Great Pottery Throw Down ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2015
|Matthew Wilcock
|-
|2017
|Ryan Barrett
|-
|2020
|Rosa Wiland Holmes
|-
|2021
|Jodie Neale
|-
|2022
|AJ Simpson
|-
|2023
|Lois Gunn
|-
|2024
|Donna Bloye
|-
|2025
|James Stanley Watson
|}

== RuPaul’s Drag Race UK ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2019
|The Vivienne
|-
|2021
|Lawrence Chaney
|-
|2021
|Krystal Versace
|-
|2022
|Danny Beard
|-
|2023
|Ginger Johnson
|-
|2024
|Kyran Thrax
|-
|2025
|Bones
|}

== Britain's Next Top Model ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2005
|Lucy Ratcliffe
|-
|2006
|Lianna Fowler
|-
|2007
|Lauren McEvoy
|-
|2008
|Alex Evans
|-
|2009
|Mecia Simson
|-
|2010
|Tiffany Pisani
|-
|2011
|Jade Thompson
|-
|2012
|Letitia Herod
|-
|2013
|Lauren Lambert
|-
|2016
|Chloe Keenan
|-
|2017
|Olivia Wardell
|-
|2017
|Ivy Watson
|}

== The Masked Singer ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2020
|Nicola Roberts as “Queen Bee”
|-
|2021
|Joss Stone as “Sausage”
|-
|2022
|Natalie Imbruglia as “Panda”
|-
|2023
|Charlie Simpson as “Rhino”
|-
|2024
|Danny Jones as "Piranha"
|-
|2025
|Samantha Banks as "Pufferfish"
|}

== The Masked Dancer ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2021
|Louis Smith as “Carwash”
|-
|2022
|Heather Morris as “Scissors”
|}

== The Traitors ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2022
|Aaron Evans, Hannah Byczkowski, and Meryl Williams
|-
|2024
|Harry Clark
|-
|2025
|Jake Brown and Leanne Quigley
|}

== The Celebrity Traitors ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2025
|Alan Carr
|}

Sport and Leisure/Sport 2025

2025-12-18T17:03:16Z

QRNeditor: Added notes for November

== January ==
Jan 2

PDC World Darts Championship semi-finals – Littler bt Bunting, Van Gerwen bt Dobey

Jan 3

PDC final – Littler bt Van Gerwen

Jan 5

United Cup final (Sydney) – USA (Gauff and Fritz) bt Poland (Swiatek and Hurkacz)

Ilona Maher makes her debut for Bristol Bears Women

Jan 6

Hideki Matsuyama sets a new PGA Tour record score for 72 holes of 35 under par in winning the event at The Sentry in Hawaii

Four Hills Tournament – Daniel Tschofenig (Austria)

Jan 7

Tomorrow's Golf League (TGL) starts at the SoFi Center in Florida. Indoor golf league created by Tiger Woods and Rory McIlroy

Jan 9

Graham Potter replaces Julen Lopetegui as manager of West Ham

David Moyes replaces Sean Dyche as manager of Everton

Neil Robertson replaces Ronne O’Sullivan for the Masters

Jan 11

FA Cup third round –Man City 8 (James McAtee 3) Salford 0

Jan 12

FA Cup third round – Spurs bt Tamworth

Jan 13

Former Scotland rugby union captain Peter Brown dies

Jan 13

Australian Open first round – Jacob Fearnley bt Nick Kyrgios

Novak Djokovic is coached by Andy Murray for the first time

Tony Book dies

Jan 16

Amad Diallo hat-trick for Man Utd against Southampton

Jan 17

Australian Open third round – Alexander Zverev bt Jacob Fearnley

Denis Law dies

Jan 18

Australian Open third round – Swiatek bt Radacanu

Justin Kluivert hat-trick for Bournemouth against Newcastle

Masters semi-finals – Murphy bt Allen, Kyren Wilson bt Trump

Sean Murphy makes a 147 break

Jan 19

Australian Open third round – Alcaraz bt Draper

Investec Champions Cup – Toulouse 80 Leicester 12

Masters final – Murphy bt Wilson

Dubai Desert Classic – Tyrell Hatton

Jan 20

International Tennis Federation World Champions. Men’s – Sinner. Women’s – Swiatek

Jan 21

Australian Open quarter-final – Djokovic bt Alcaraz

Longines World’s Best Racehorse – City of Troy and Laurel River

Jan 23

Australian Open women’s semi-finals – Sabalenka bt Badosa, Keys bt Swiatek

Jan 24

Australian Open men’s semi-finals – Zverev bt Djokovic, Sinner bt Shelton

Mixed doubles final – Peers and Gadecki bt Smith and Birrell

Wheelchair men’s doubles – Hewett and Reid

Quad Wheelchair men’s doubles – Lapthorne and Schroder

Jan 25

Australian Open women’s final – Keys bt Sabalenka

Men’s doubles final – Patten and Heliovaara bt Bolelli and Vavassori

Wheelchair men’s singles – Hewett

Dango Outarra hat-trick for Bournemouth against Nottingham Forest

World Indoor Bowls Championship. Men’s – Jason Banks. Women’s – Julie Forrest

Pegasus World Cup – White Abarrio

Jan 26

Australian Open men’s final – Sinner bt Zverev

Women’s doubles final – Siniakova and Townsend bt Hsieh and Ostapenko

AFC Championship Game – Kansas City Chiefs bt Buffalo Bills

NFC Championship Game – Philadelphia Eagles bt Washington Commanders

British Basketball League (BBL) Trophy final – Newcastle Eagles bt Bristol Flyers

WBBL Trophy final – Caledonia Gladiators bt Oaklands Wolves

Naomi Girma moves from San Diego Wave to Chelsea for $1.1 million, breaking the world record for a women's soccer transfer

Jan 27

Big Bash League final – Hobart Hurricanes bt Sydney Thunder. First title. Mitchell Owen hit a century off 39 balls

Jan 28

ICC Cricketer of the Year awards –

Men's Cricketer of the Year (Sir Garfield Sobers Trophy) – Jasprit Bumrah

Men's Test Cricketer of the Year – Jasprit Bumrah

Men's ODI Cricketer of the Year – Azmatullah Omarzai (Afghanistan)

Men's T20 Cricketer of the Year – Arshdeep Singh

Women’s Cricketer of the Year (Rachael Heyhoe Flint Trophy) – Melie Kerr

Women's ODI Cricketer of the Year – Smriti Mandhana

Women's T20 Cricketer of the Year – Melie Kerr

Jan 29

Steve Smith passes the 10,000-run mark in Test cricket

Morgan Rogers hat-trick for Aston Villa against Celtic

Jan 31

Six Nations captains and coaches –

England – Maro Itoje and Steve Borthwick

Wales – Jac Morgan and Warren Gatland

Ireland – Caelan Doris and Simon Easterby

Scotland – Rory Darge and Finn Russell (co-captains) and Gregor Townsend

France – Antoine Dupont and Fabien Galthie

Italy – Michele Lamaro and Gonzalo Quesada

Simon Easterby was named as the interim head coach of the Ireland team while Andy Farrell is in charge of the British and Irish Lions for their tour to Australia

Rory Darge and Finn Russell were named as co-captains of the Scotland team, after original captain Sione Tuipulotu was ruled out of the competition due to injury

France 43 Wales 0. Romaine Ntamack sent off

Six Nations uses twenty-minute red cards for the first time

Jos Buttler criticises India's use of pace bowler Harshit Rana as a concussion substitute in the fourth T20 international, calling the change "not a like-for-like replacement"

== February ==
Feb 1

Women's Ashes: One-off Test (Melbourne) England 170 & 148 Australia 440 (Sutherland 163, Mooney 106) Australia won by an innings and 122 runs

Australia win series 16-0

Nottingham Forest 7 (Wood 3) Brighton 0

Scotland 31 Italy 19. Hat-trick for Huw Jones

Ireland 27 England 22. Cadan Murley scores a try for England on debut

Leeds 7 Cardiff 0

Irish Gold Cup – Galopin des Champs

Feb 2

Fifth T20 international – India 247-9 (Abhishek Sharma 135) England 97. India won by 150 runs

India win series 4-1

German Masters snooker final – Kyren Wilson bt Hawkins

World Masters darts final – Humphries bt Clayton

Irish Champion Hurdle – State Man

Luka Doncic moves from Dallas Mavericks to Los Angeles Lakers. Anthony Davies is traded to the Mavericks in exchange for Doncic

Claressa Shields becomes the undisputed female heavyweight world champion

Feb 3

Transfer deadline day –

Ben Chilwell moves from Chelsea to Crystal Palace on loan

Mathys Tel moves from Bayern Munich to Tottenham on loan

Nico Gonzalez moves from Porto to Man City for £50 million

Marcus Rashford moves from Man Utd to Aston Villa on loan

Marco Asensio moves from Paris St-Germain to Aston Villa on loan

Joao Felix moves from Chelsea to AC Milan on loan

Feb 5

EFL Cup semi-final – Newcastle bt Arsenal

Feb 6

EFL Cup semi-final – Liverpool bt Spurs

Premier League starts in Belfast. Chris Dobey and Stephen Bunting replace Michael Smith and Peter Wright

Mark Hughes is appointed manager of Carlisle Utd

Feb 7

NFL MVP – Josh Allen (Buffalo Bills)

Feb 8

Italy 22 Wales 15

England 26 France 25. Winning try scored by Elliot Daly

Feb 9

FA Cup 4th round – Plymouth 1 (Ryan Hardie) Liverpool 0

Scottish Cup 5th round – Rangers 0 Queen’s Park 1

Scotland 18 Ireland 32

Super Bowl LIX – Philadelphia Eagles 40 Kansas City Chiefs 22

MVP – Jalen Hurts

Game played at Superdome, New Orleans

Half time show headlined by Kendrick Lamar

Feb 11

Warran Gatland leaves as head coach of Wales. Matt Sherratt takes over as interim head coach

Feb 12

European Track Cycling Championships start in Belgium

The last Merseyside derby at Goodison Park finishes 2-2. James Tarkowski scores last-minute equaliser for Everton

Feb 13

Leigh bt Wigan with golden point after the first 0-0 draw in Super League history

Feb 14

Men’s individual pursuit – Josh Charlton

Feb 15

Women’s individual pursuit – Anna Morris, who broke the world record twice in a day

Omar Marmoush hat-trick for Man City against Newcastle

Jannik Sinner accepts a three-month ban from tennis after reaching a settlement with the World Anti-Doping Agency over his two positive drugs tests last year

St Helens 82 Salford 0

Feb 16

Uganda's Jacob Kiplimo becomes the first person to run a half marathon below 57 minutes

European Track Cycling Championships end. Netherlands topped the medal table

Welsh Open final – Selby bt Maguire

Irish jockey Michael O’Sullivan dies

Feb 17

First test event at Everton’s new stadium. First goal scored by Harrison Rimmer for Wigan under-18s

Feb 18

Champions League Knockout Round Play-offs – Bayern Munich bt Celtic

Feb 19

Champions League Knockout Round Play-offs – Mbappe hat-trick for Real Madrid against Man City

Feb 22

Wales 18 Ireland 27. Garry Ringrose receives a 20-minute red card

England 16 Scotland 15. Finn Russell misses a last-minute conversion

ICC Champions Trophy – England 351-8 (Duckett 165) Australia 356-5 (Inglis 120)

World Seniors Darts Championship final – Ross Montgomery bt Graham Usher

Dmitry Bivol bt Artur Beterbiev to win the undisputed light-heavyweight world title

Saudi Cup – Forever Young

Feb 23

Mirra Andreeva becomes the youngest player to claim a WTA 1000 title after the 17-year-old won the Dubai Tennis Championships

Italy 24 France 73. A championship record of 14 tries were scored in the match

Philippe Clement is sacked as manager of Rangers

Mikaela Shiffrin wins 100th Alpine skiing World Cup race

Feb 26

ICC Champions Trophy – Afghanistan 325-7 (Ibrahim Zadran 177) England 317 (Root 120)

== March ==
Mar 1

ICC Champions Trophy – England 179 South Africa 181-3

Joss Buttler resigns as captain of England

Wigan bt Warrington. Match played in Las Vegas, in first-ever Super League match played outside the UK

Australia Jillaroos 90 Great Britain Lionesses 4. Match played in Las Vegas

World Open final – John Higgins bt Joe O’Connor

Mar 2

UK Open darts final – Littler bt Wade

HSBC Women’s World Championship – Lydia Ko

Mar 4

ICC Champions Trophy semi-final – India bt Australia

Champions League round of 16 – PSV Eindhoven 1 Arsenal 7

LeBron James becomes the first player in NBA history to score 50,000 combined points (regular season and postseason)

Mar 5

ICC Champions Trophy semi-final – New Zealand bt South Africa

Mar 6

Fred Stolle dies

European Indoor Athletics Championships start in Apeldoorn, Netherlands

Mar 7

Lauren Price bt Natasha Jonas to unify the welterweight division

Mar 8

Ireland 27 France 42. Damian Penaud scores his 38th international try, to become France's joint top try scorer in test history (tied with Serge Blanco)

Scotland 35 Wales 29

Men’s 60m – Jeremiah Azu

Mar 9

England 47 Italy 24. 100th Test cap for Jamie George

World Grand Prix final – Robertson 10 Bingham 0

ICC Champions Trophy final (Dubai) – India bt New Zealand

Player of the Series – Rachin Ravindra (New Zealand)

Men’s 3000m – Jakob Ingebritsen. Silver – George Mills

Women’s 3000m – Sarah Healy (Ireland). Silver – Melissa Courtney-Bryant

Mar 11

Champion Hurdle – Golden Ace (Lorcan Williams), trained by Jeremy Scott. 2nd Burdett Road 3rd Winter Fog (150-1)

Supreme Novices Hurdle is renamed as a tribute to jockey Michael O'Sullivan

Champions League round of 16 – Paris St-Germain bt Liverpool

Foster and Partners to design new Man Utd stadium

Mar 12

Queen Mother Champion Chase – Marine Nationale

Mar 13

Stayers’ Hurdle – Bob Olinger

Ryanair Chase – Fact to File

Mar 14

Gold Cup – Inothewayurthinkin (Mark Walsh), trained by Gavin Cromwell. 2nd Galopin des Champs 3rd Gentlemansgame. Corbetts Cross suffered a fatal injury after a fall

Prestbury Cup – Ireland bt GB

Leading Jockey – Paul Townend

Leading Trainer – Willie Mullins

Mar 15

Italy 17 Ireland 22. Hat-trick for Dan Sheehan

Wales 14 England 68. Tommy Freeman scored in all five games. Two tries on debut for Henry Pollock

France 35 Scotland 16. Louis Bielle-Biarrey scored in all five games

Thomas Ramos becomes France's all-time top test points scorer, overtaking the record of 436 held by Frederic Michalak

Six Nations final table – France, England, Ireland, Scotland, Italy, Wales

Leading points scorer – Thomas Ramos (71)

Leading try scorer – Louis Bielle-Biarrey (8)

Player of the tournament – Louis Bielle-Biarrey

The Six Nations Championship concluded with 829 points and 108 tries scored across 15 matches – both new tournament records

Women’s League Cup final – Chelsea bt Man City

Women’s Premier League final – Mumbai Indians bt Delhi Capitals

Mar 16

EFL Cup final – Newcastle 2 (Burn, Isak) Liverpool 1 (Chiesa). Newcastle win first major trophy since 1969 Fairs Cup and first domestic silverware since 1955 FA Cup

Premiership Women's Rugby final – Gloucester-Hartpury bt Saracens

Premiership Rugby Cup final – Bath bt Exeter

Formula 1 teams –

Red Bull – Max Verstappen, Liam Lawson

McLaren – Lando Norris, Oscar Piastri

Ferrari – Charles Leclerc, Lewis Hamilton

Mercedes – George Russell, Andrea Kimi Antonelli (Italy)

Aston Martin – Fernando Alonso, Lance Stroll

Alpine – Pierre Gasly, Jack Doohan (Australia)

Racing Bulls – Yuki Tsunoda, Isack Hadjar (France)

Haas – Esteban Ocon, Oliver Bearman

Williams – Carlos Sainz, Alexander Albon

Sauber – Nico Hulkenberg, Gabriel Bortoleto (Brazil)

Australian GP – Norris, Verstappen, Russell. 5th Antonelli. 10th Hamilton

Indian Wells women’s final – Andreeva bt Sabalenka

Indian Wells men’s final – Draper bt Rune

The Players Championship – McIlroy bt J.J. Spaun in a play-off

Mar 20

Eddie Jordan dies

Kirsty Coventry is elected as the new president of the International Olympic Committee. 2nd Juan Antonio Samaranch Jr 3rd Sebastian Coe

Mar 21

World Indoor Athletics Championships start in Nanjing

Men’s 60m – Azu

England 2 (Lewis-Skelly, Kane) Albania 0

First game as England manager for Thomas Tuchel. Debuts for Myles Lewis-Skelly and Dan Burn

Mar 22

George Foreman dies

Women’s 400m – Amber Anning

Jon Lewis sacked as coach and Heather Knight sacked as captain of England women’s cricket team

Sprint race at Chinese GP won by Lewis Hamilton

Oscar Piastri takes pole position for the first time for the Chinese GP

Mar 23

Chinese GP – Piastri, Norris, Russell

Men’s 1500m – Ingebrigtsen. Silver – Neil Gourley

Women’s 1500m. Bronze – Georgia Hunter Bell

USA topped the medal table

Players Championship final – Kyren Wilson bt Trump

Mar 24

Morgan Rogers debut for England against Latvia. First England goal for Eberechi Eze

Mar 25

TGL final – Atlanta Drive GC bt New York GC

Mar 26

Liam Lawson swaps places with Japanese driver Yuki Tsunoda and return to Red Bull's second team, Racing Bulls, after being dropped by Red Bull after two races

Mar 27

Peter Lever dies

Alpine Ski World Cup –

Men’s overall and downhill – Marco Odermatt

Women’s overall and downhill – Federica Brignone

Mar 28

Daria Kasatkina switches her allegiance to Australia

Mar 29

Miami Open women’s final – Sabalenka bt Pegula

Miami Open men’s doubles final – Arevalo and Pavic bt Cash and Glasspool

World Figure Skating Championships (Boston) –

Men – Ilia Malinin (USA)

Women – Aylsa Liu (USA)

Pairs – Riku Miura and Ryuichi Kihara (Japan)

Ice dance – Madison Chock and Evan Bates (USA). Bronze – Lilah Fear and Lewis Gibson

Mar 30

Scottish Challenge Cup final –Livingston bt Queen’s Park

Men’s Ski Jumping World Cup – Daniel Tschofenig

Women’s Ski Jumping World Cup – Nika Prevc

Freestyle Ski and Snowboard World Championships (St Moritz) –

Women’s ski halfpipe – Zoe Atkin

Women’s snowboard cross. Silver – Charlotte Bankes

Lincoln Handicap – Godwinson

Miami Open men’s final – Jakub Mensik (Czech Republic) bt Djokovic

Rory McIlroy becomes the second golfer after Tiger Woods to exceed $100m (£77m) in career earnings on the PGA Tour

== April ==
Apr 1

Charlotte Edwards is appointed head coach of England women’s cricket team

Apr 3

Aintree Hurdle – Lossiemouth

Apr 4

Melling Chase – Jonbon

Topham Chase – Gentleman De Mee

Apr 5

Grand National – Nick Rockett (Patrick Mullins), trained by Willie Mullins 2nd I Am Maximus 3rd Grangeclare West

Willie Mullins trained the horses that finished first, second, third, fifth and seventh

Celebre d’Allen died following the race. Jockey Michael Nolan was handed a 10-day suspension

Champions Cup round of 16 – Toulon 72 Saracens 42

Champions Cup round of 16 – Leinster 62 Harlequins 0

Dubai World Cup – Hit Show

Apr 6

Japanese GP – Verstappen, Norris, Piastri

Somerset 670-7 (Banton 371) vs Worcestershire

Southampton are the first Premier League side to be relegated with seven games left after losing to Spurs

Tour Championship snooker final – Higgins bt Selby

Alex Ovechkin becomes the National Hockey League's highest all-time scorer by hitting his 895th career goal to surpass Wayne Gretzky's 31-year mark

Apr 7

Harry Brook is named England white-ball captain

Apr 9

Masters par 3 contest – Nicolas Echavarria

Apr 11

Jimmy Anderson is awarded a knighthood in Rishi Sunak's resignation honours list

Apr 12

Semi-automated offsides start in Premier League

Scottish Grand National – Captain Cody

Apr 13

Bahrain GP – Piastri, Russell, Norris

The Masters – McIlroy 2nd Rose 3rd Reed

McIlroy won on first play-off hole

The Boat Race – Cambridge win men’s and women’s races

EFL Trophy final – Peterborough bt Birmingham. Currently known as the Vertu Trophy for sponsorship reasons

Apr 14

Jackson Page becomes the first player to make a maximum 147 break twice in one match in qualifier for the World Snooker Championship, winning £147,000

Apr 15

Champions League quarter-finals – PSG bt Aston Villa, Barcelona bt Borussia Dortmund

Apr 16

Champions League quarter-finals – Arsenal bt Real Madrid, Inter Milan bt Bayern Munich

Apr 17

Europa League quarter-final – Athletic Bilbao bt Rangers, Man Utd bt Lyon 5-4 (7-6 on aggregate)

Apr 19

Fourteen-year-old Vaibhav Suryavanshi hits his first ball for six having become the youngest player to ever feature in the Indian Premier League

World Snooker Championship first round – Lei Peifan bt Kyren Wilson

Apr 20

Saudi Arabia GP – Piastri, Verstappen, Leclerc

Apr 21

Leeds Utd 6 (Joel Piroe 4) Stoke 0. Leeds are promoted to the Premier League

Irish Grand National – Haiti Couleurs

Wisden leading cricketers in the world – Jasprit Bumrah and Smriti Mandhana

Cricketers of the Year – Gus Atkinson, Liam Dawson, Sophie Ecclestone, Jamie Smith, Dan Worrall

World's leading T20 player – Nicholas Pooran

Laureus World Sports Awards –

Sportsman of the Year award – Mondo Duplantis

Sportswoman of the Year award – Simone Biles

Team of the Year award – Real Madrid

Breakthrough of the Year award – Lamine Yamal

Comeback of the Year award – Rebeca Andrade

Sportsperson of the Year with a Disability award – Yuyan Jiang (Chinese para swimmer)

Action Sportsperson of the Year award – Tom Pidcock

Sport for Good award – Kick4Life (football in Lesotho)

Apr 24

World Snooker Championship first round – Ben Woolaston bt Mark Selby

Apr 25

World Snooker Championship second round – Mark Allen 147 against Chris Wakelin

Apr 26

FA Cup semi-final – Crystal Palace bt Aston Villa

Women's Six Nations – England 43 France 42

England win a fourth consecutive Women's Six Nations Grand Slam and a seventh straight title

Top points scorer –

Morgane Bourgeois (France) 73

Top try scorer – Abby Dow (England) 6

Chris Eubank Jr bt Conor Benn. Fight held at Tottenham Hotspur Stadium

Apr 27

London Marathon –

Men’s – Sabastian Sawe (Kenya). 14th Alex Yee

Women’s – Tigst Assefa (Ethiopia) in a women's-only record time. 8th Eilish McColgan

Men’s wheelchair – Marcel Hug (Switzerland). Seventh win

Women’s wheelchair – Catherine Debrunner (Switzerland)

FA Cup semi-final – Man City bt Nottingham Forest

Liverpool 5 Spurs 1. Liverpool win 20th title

Women’s Champions League semi-finals – Barcelona bt Chelsea 8-2 on aggregate, Arsenal bt Lyon

Gloucester 79 Exeter17

NFL draft first pick – Cam Ward (Tennessee Titans)

Chevron Championship – Mao Saigo (Japan)

EFL Awards –

Championship Manager of the Year – Scott Parker (Burnley)

Championship Player of the Year – Gustavo Hamer (Sheffield Utd)

Championship Young Player of the Year – Jobe Bellingham (Sunderland)

Apr 28

Rajasthan Royals' 14-year-old batter Vaibhav Suryavanshi becomes the youngest player to hit a century in men's T20s

Apr 29

Nat Sciver-Brunt is appointed as captain of England women’s cricket team

== May ==
May 2

Gregg Popovich steps down from his position as head coach of the San Antonio Spurs after 29 seasons with the team

May 3

2000 Guineas – Ruling Court (William Buick), trained by Charlie Appleby

Kentucky Derby – Sovereignty

World Snooker Championship semi-finals – Zhao Xintong bt O’Sullivan 17-7, Williams bt Trump 17-14

Kimi Antonelli, aged 18, becomes the youngest driver to take a Formula 1 pole position in the sprint event at the Miami Grand Prix

British jump trainers' championship – Willie Mullins

British jump jockeys' championship – Sean Bowen

European Champions Cup semi-final – Leinster 34 Northampton 37

May 4

1000 Guineas – Desert Flower (William Buick), trained by Charlie Appleby

Madrid Open men’s final – Ruud bt Draper

European Champions Cup semi-final – Bordeaux bt Toulouse

Peter McParland dies

Miami GP – Piastri, Norris, Russell

World Rugby Sevens Series (SVNS) – Argentina

May 5

World Snooker Championship final – Zhao Xintong bt Williams 18-12

Jochen Mass dies

May 6

Champions League semi-final – Inter Milan bt Barcelona 7-6 on aggregate

May 7

Champions League semi-final – PSG bt Arsenal

Argentine Franco Colapinto will drive for Alpine for the next five Grands Prix, replacing Jack Doohan

NHL expansion team Utah Hockey Club are renamed Utah Mammoth

May 8

Europa League semi-finals – Spurs bt Bodo / Glint (Norway), Man Utd bt Athletic Bilbao

Europa Conference League semi-final – Chelsea bt Djurgarden (Sweden), Real Betis bt Fiorentina

May 9

FWA Footballer of the Year – Mo Salah

Women’s Award – Alessia Russo (Arsenal)

Giro d’Italia starts in Durres, Albania

May 10

World Snooker Tour Player of the Year – Judd Trump

Saracens 75 Newcastle 28

Women’s Super League – Chelsea. Sixth successive title

May 11

FA Trophy final – Aldershot Town bt Spennymoor Town

FA Vase final – Whitstable Town bt AFC Whyteleafe

World Snooker Seniors Championship final – Alfie Burden bt Aaron Canavan

Badminton Horse Trials – Rosalind Canter, riding Lordships Graffalo

May 12

Real Madrid manager Carlo Ancelotti will leave at the end of the season to become the new national team coach of Brazil

May 17

FA Cup final – Crystal Palace 1 (Eze) Man City 0. Henderson saved a penalty from Marmoush

Italian Open women’s final – Paolini bt Gauff

Preakness Stakes – Journalism

May 18

Women’s FA Cup final – Chelsea bt Man Utd

Italian Open men’s final – Alcaraz bt Sinner

Everton 2 (Ndiaye 2) Southampton 0. Final Premier League match at Goodison Park. The new arena at Bramley Moore Dock is now known as the Hill Dickinson Stadium

Jamie Vardy scores his 200th goal for Leicester City in his 500th - and final - appearance for the club

Emilia-Romagna Grand Prix (Imola) – Verstappen, Norris, Piastri

US PGA Championship (Quail Hollow) – Scheffler. 2nd DeChambeau, Harris English, Davis Riley

World Squash Championships (Chicago). Men – Mostafa Asal (Egypt). Women – Nour El Sherbini (Egypt). 8th title for El Sherbini

Super League Basketball Championship final – Leicester Riders bt Newcastle Eagles

Women's Super League play-off final – Sheffield Hatters bt Oaklands Wolves

May 20

Nino Benvenuti dies

May 21

Europa League final (Bilbao) – Spurs 1 (Johnson) Man Utd 0

May 22

Sam Cook makes debut for England against Zimbabwe

May 23

European Challenge Cup final (Cardiff) – Bath bt Lyon

May 24

Championship play-off final – Sunderland 2 Sheffield Utd 1. Winning goal scored by Tom Watson

Promoted – Leeds, Burnley, Sunderland

Relegated – Luton, Plymouth, Cardiff

Leading scorer – Joel Piroe (Leeds) 19 goals

Burnley only conceded 16 goals, and did not concede more than one goal in any match

Scottish Cup final – Aberdeen bt Celtic

Women’s Champions League final (Lisbon) – Arsenal 1 (Blackstenius) Barcelona 0

Champions Cup final (Cardiff) – Bordeaux 28 Northampton 20. Man-of-the-match – Maxime Lucu

Premier League player of the season – Mo Salah

One-off Test (Trent Bridge) England 565-6 dec (Pope 171, Duckett 140, Crawley 124) Zimbabwe 265 (Bennett 139) and 255 (Bashir 6-81). England won by an innings and 45 runs

May 25

Premier League – Liverpool. 2nd Arsenal. 3rd Man City

Relegated – Leicester, Ipswich, Southampton

Leading Scorer – Mo Salah (Liverpool) 29 goals

Southampton ended the season with 12 points, one more than Derby County's record Premier League low total of 11 points from 2007-08

League One play-off final – Charlton bt Leyton Orient

Promoted – Birmingham, Wrexham, Charlton

Relegated – Bristol Rovers, Crawley, Cambridge, Shrewsbury

Leading scorer – Charlie Kelman (Leyton Orient) 21 goals

Birmingham ended the season with an EFL record 111 points

Monaco GP – Norris, Leclerc, Piastri

Xabi Alonso leaves Bayer Leverkusen to become manager of Real Madrid

Erik Ten Hag is appointed head coach of Bayer Leverkusen

Indianapolis 500 – Alex Palou

Pakistan Super League final – Lahore Qalandars bt Quetta Gladiators

Men's Ice Hockey World Championships – USA

World’s strongest man – Rayno Nel (South Africa)

May 26

League Two play-off final – Wimbledon bt Walsall

Promoted – Doncaster, Port Vale, Bradford City, Wimbledon

Relegated – Carlisle, Morecambe

Leading scorer – Michael Cheek (Bromley)

Scottish Premiership – Celtic. 2nd Rangers

Relegated – St. Johnstone, Ross County

Leading scorer – Cyriel Dessers (Rangers)

Scottish Premiership play-off – Livingston bt Ross County

Scottish Championship – Falkirk

Scottish League One – Arbroath

Scottish League Two – Peterhead

Highland League – Brora Rangers

Lowland League – East Kilbride

Scottish League Two play-off final – East Kilbride bt Bonnyrigg Rose

European Artistic Gymnastics Championships start in Leipzig

May 27

Premier League Manager of the Season – Arne Slot

League Managers Association manager of the year – Arne Slot

Serie A – Napoli. MVP – Scott McTominay (Napoli)

La Liga – Barcelona

Bundesliga – Bayern Munich

Primeira Liga – Sporting CP

Ligue 1 – Paris St-Germain

Eredivisie – PSV Eindhoven

World Women's Snooker Championship – Bai Yulu

Men’s Team gymnastics – GB

May 28

Europa Conference League final (Wroclaw) – Chelsea 4 Real Betis 1

French Open women’s singles second round – Swiatek bt Radacanu

Mixed Team. Silver – GB (Jake Jarman and Ruby Evans)

May 29

French Open women’s singles second round – Keys bt Boulter

Premier League Darts finals night (O2 Arena). Semi-finals – Humphries bt Aspinall, Littler bt Price. Final – Humphries bt Littler

May 30

Men’s Floor – Luke Whitehouse. Silver – Harry Hepworth

Jeremie Frimpong moves from Bayer Leverkusen to Liverpool

May 31

Champions League final (Munich) – Paris St-Germain 5 Inter Milan 0. Desire Doue scores two goals and was named man of the match

Bath finish top of Premiership Rugby. Newcastle Falcons finish bottom

A-League Grand Final – Melbourne City bt Melbourne Victory

French Open men’s singles third round – Norrie bt Fearnley

Men’s vault. Silver – Jake Jarman

== June ==
Jun 1

National League Promotion Play-offs final – Oldham bt Southend

National League champions – Barnet

Spanish GP – Piastri, Russell, Leclerc

Joe Root becomes England's leading run-scorer in ODI cricket, overtaking Eoin Morgan (6,957 runs)

U.S. Women’s Open – Maja Stark (Sweden)

Giro d’Italia – Simon Yates (Visma-Lease a Bike)

Jun 2

French Open men’s singles fourth round – Djokovic bt Norrie, Bublik bt Draper

Jun 3

Premiership Rugby player of the year – Tomos Williams (Gloucester)

Premiership Women's Rugby player of the year – Meg Jones (Leicester)

England player of the year – Tommy Freeman (Northampton)

England women player of the year – Zoe Aldcroft (Gloucester-Hartpury)

Breakthrough player of the season – Henry Pollock (Northampton)

Indian Premier League final – Royal Challengers Bengaluru bt Punjab Kings

Player of the series – Suryakumar Yadav (Mumbai Indians)

Most runs (Orange Cap) – Sai Sudharsan (Gujarat Titans)

Most wickets (Purple Cap) – Prasidh Krishna (Gujarat Titans)

UEFA Nations League semi-final – Portugal bt Germany

Jun 5

French Open women’s semi-finals – Sabalenka bt Swiatek, Gauff bt Lois Boisson (France)

Lois Boisson was a wildcard and world number 361

French Open mixed doubles final – Errani and Vavassori bt Townsend and King

UEFA Nations League semi-final – Spain 5 France 4

Russell Martin is appointed as manager of Rangers

Jun 6

French Open men’s semi-finals – Alcaraz bt Musetti, Sinner bt Djokovic

Ange Postecoglou sacked as manager of Spurs

Premiership Rugby semi-final – Bath bt Bristol

The Oaks – Minnie Hauk (Ryan Moore), trained by Aidan O’Brien

Jun 7

Epsom Derby – Lambourn (Wayne Lordan), trained by Aidan O’Brien. 2nd Lazy Griff 3rd Tennessee

French Open women’s final – Gauff bt Sabalenka

French Open men’s doubles final – Granollers and Zeballos bt Salisbury and Skupski

Premiership Rugby semi-final – Leicester bt Sale

Women’s Challenge Cup final – Wigan bt St Helens

Challenge Cup final – Hull KR bt Warrington. Lance Todd trophy – Marc Sneyd (Warrington)

Belmont Stakes – Sovereignty

Jun 8

French Open men’s final – Alcaraz bt Sinner. The match lasted five hours and 29 minutes - the longest French Open final in history

French Open women’s doubles final – Errani and Paolini bt Danilina and Krunic

UEFA Nations League final – Portugal 2 Spain 2. Portugal won on penalties

Jun 9

Uriah Rennie dies

Jun 10

England 1 Senegal 3. First time that England have lost to an African nation. Match played at City Ground, Nottingham

First summer transfer window closes –

Matheus Cunha moves from Wolves to Man Utd

Dean Huisjen moves from Bournemouth to Real Madrid

Rayan Ait-Nouri moves from Wolves to Man City

Rayan Cherki moves from Lyon to Man City

Tijjani Reijnders moves from AC Milan to Man City

Liam Delap moves from Ipswich to Chelsea

Jobe Bellingham moves from Sunderland to Borussia Dortmund

Nicholas Pooran retires from international cricket

Jun 12

Kevin de Bruyne moves from Man City to Napoli

Trent Alexander-Arnold moves from Liverpool to Real Madrid

Brentford manager Thomas Frank moves to Spurs

Patrick Reed makes albatross in first round of US Open

Aaron Rodgers moves from New York Jets to Pittsburgh Steelers

Jun 14

ICC World Test Championship final (Lord’s) – Australia 212 (Rabada 5-51) and 207 South Africa 138 (Cummins 6-28) and 282-5 (Markram 136). South Africa won by five wickets

Premiership Rugby final – Bath 23 Leicester 21. Man of the match – Guy Pepper. Bath’s first title since 1996

Premiership Rugby top try scorer – Ollie Hassell-Collins (Leicester), Gabriel Ibitoye (Bristol) 13 tries

Premiership Rugby top points scorer – Finn Russell (Bath) 156 points

United Rugby Championship final – Leinster bt Bulls

World Cup of Darts second round – Germany bt England (Littler and Humphries)

King’s Birthday Honours –

Knighthood – David Beckham, Billy Boston

CBE – Virginia Wade

OBE – Deta Hedman, Devon Malcolm

MBE – Luke Littler, Luke Humphries, Michael Dunlop

Jun 15

Canadian GP – Russell, Verstappen, Antonelli. First podium for Antonelli

WTA Queen's Club Championships final – Tatjana Maria (Germany) bt Amanda Anisimova (USA)

World Cup of Darts final – Northern Ireland (Gurney and Rock) bt Wales (Price and Clayton)

US Open (Oakmont) – Spaun. 2nd Macintyre. 3rd Hovland

Le Mans 24 Hours – Ferrari 499P (Robert Kubica, Yifei Ye, Phil Hanson)

FIFA Club World Cup Group C – Bayern Munich 10 Auckland City 0

English Greyhound Derby – Droopys Plunge

Jun 17

St James’s Palace Stakes – Field of Gold

Stanley Cup finals – Florida Panthers bt Edmonton Oilers

Finals MVP – Sam Bennett

Regular season MVP – Connor Hellebuyck (Winnipeg Jets)

Regular season top scorer – Nikita Kucherov (Tampa Bay Lightning)

Jun 18

Prince of Wales's Stakes – Ombudsman

Royal Hunt Cup – My Cloud

Jun 19

Gold Cup – Trawlerman (William Buick)

King George V Stakes – Merchant

Jun 20

Coronation Stakes – Cercene

Leading jockey at Ascot – Ryan Moore

Leading trainer at Ascot – John and Thady Gosden

Florian Wirtz moves from Bayer Leverkusen to Liverpool for £116 million

British and Irish Lions 24 Argentina 28. Match played in Dublin

Jun 21

ATP Queen's Club Championships semi-finals – Jiri Lehecka (Czech Republic) bt Draper, Alcaraz bt Bautista Agut

Ian McLauchlan dies

Super Rugby Pacific final – Crusaders bt Chiefs

Jun 22

ATP Queen's Club Championships final – Alcaraz bt Lehecka

ATP Queen's Club Championships doubles final – Cash and Glasspool bt Mektic and Venus

David ‘Syd’ Lawrence dies

NBA finals – Oklahoma City Thunder bt Indiana Pacers

Finals MVP – Shai Gilgeous-Alexander (Oklahoma City Thunder)

Regular season MVP – Shai Gilgeous-Alexander

Regular season top scorer – Shai Gilgeous-Alexander

Women’s PGA Championship – Minjee Lee

Hickstead Derby – Robert Whitaker

Jun 24

Anderson–Tendulkar Trophy is awarded to the winner of each Test cricket series between England and India

First Test (Headingley) India 471 (Gill 147, Pant 134, Jaiswal 101) and 364 (Rahul 137, Pant 118) England 465 (Pope 106, Brook 99, Bumrah 5-83) & 373-5 (Duckett 149) England won by five wickets

Josh Tongue took three wickets in four balls

Jun 25

18-year-old Cooper Flagg is selected with the first overall pick by Dallas Mavericks in the NBA draft

Jun 26

Milos Kerkez moves from Bournemouth to Liverpool

Jun 27

Keith Andrews is appointed as manager of Brentford

Ruud van Nistelrooy is sacked as manager of Leicester City

Jun 28

British and Irish Lions bt Western Force in the first game of their tour of Australia

Tomos Williams sustains a hamstring injury ruling him out for the rest of the tour, leaving Jac Morgan as the only Welsh player in the squad

Women’s T20 – India 210-5 (Mandhana 112) England 113

UEFA U21 Championship final (Bratislava) – England 3 Germany 2. Winning goal scored by Jonathan Rowe

Player of the tournament – Harvey Elliott

Eastbourne International women’s final – Joint bt Eala

Eastbourne International men’s final – Fritz bt Brooksby

Top 14 final – Toulouse bt Bordeaux-Begles

Jun 29

Wayne Larkins dies

Austrian GP – Norris, Piastri, Leclerc. 8th Bortoleto, scoring his first points in Formula 1

Irish Derby – Lambourn

Jun 30

Surrey 820-9 dec (Sibley 305) against Durham

FIFA Club World Cup Last 16 – Al-Hilal 4 Man City 3

== July ==
Jul 2

UEFA Women's Euro 2025 starts in Switzerland

Wimbledon men’s singles second round – Alvarez bt Oliver Tarvet

Jarell Quansah moves from Liverpool to Bayer Leverkusen

Joao Pedro moves from Brighton to Chelsea

Jul 3

Diogo Jota dies

Wimbledon men’s singles second round – Djokovic bt Evans, Cilic bt Draper

Jul 4

Wimbledon women’s singles third round – Sabalenka bt Radacanu

Jul 5

Coral-Eclipse Stakes – Delacroix

Tour de France Grand Depart takes place in Lille

Group D – France 2 England 1

Kyle Walker moves from Man City to Burnley

Jul 6

British GP – Norris, Piastri, Hulkenberg. First-ever podium for Hulkenberg

Second Test (Edgbaston) India 587 (Gill 269) and 428-6 dec (Gill 161) England 407 (Brook 158, Smith 184, Siraj 6-70) and 271 (Deep 6-99) India won by 336 runs

Wimbledon women’s singles fourth round – Anastasia Pavlyuchenkova bt Sonay Kartal

Netball Super League grand final – London Pulse bt Loughborough Lightning

Copa America final (Houston) – Mexico bt USA

Martin Zubimendi moves from Real Sociedad to Arsenal

Jul 7

South Africa’s captain Wiann Mulder declares on 367 not out against Zimbabwe

Jul 8

Wimbledon men’s singles quarter-final – Alcaraz bt Norrie

FIFA Club World Cup semi-final – Chelsea 2 Fluminense 0. Joao Pedro scores both goals on his Chelsea debut

Jul 9

Laurent Mekies replaces Christian Horner as team principal at Red Bull

FIFA Club World Cup semi-final – PSG 4 Real Madrid 0

Group D – England 4 Netherlands 0

State of Origin – Queensland Maroons bt New South Wales Blues

Jul 10

Mohammed Kudus moves from West Ham to Spurs for £55 million

Wimbledon women’s singles semi-finals – Anisimova bt Sabalenka, Swiatek bt Bencic

Wimbledon mixed doubles final – Siniakova and Verbeek bt Stefani and Salisbury

Jul 11

World Aquatics Championships start in Singapore

Wimbledon men’s singles semi-finals – Alcaraz bt Fritz, Sinner bt Djokovic

Joe Root breaks Rahul Dravid’s record of 210 Test match catches by a non-wicketkeeper

Crystal Palace demoted from Europa League over ownership rules

Anthony Elanga moves from Nottingham Forest to Newcastle

Jul 12

Wimbledon women’s singles final – Swiatek bt Anisimova 6-0 6-0. First double bagel in a Wimbledon final since 1911

Wimbledon men’s doubles final – Cash and Glasspool bt Hijikata and Pel. First all-British pair to win the men's doubles since 1936

Men’s doubles wheelchair – De La Puente and Spaargaren bt Hewett and Reid

Women’s wheelchair – Wang Ziying

Wales rugby union team break 18-match losing run with win in Japan

Jul 13

Wimbledon men’s singles final – Sinner bt Alcaraz

Wimbledon women’s doubles final – Kudermetova and Mertens bt Hsieh and Ostapenko

Men’s wheelchair – Oda bt Hewett

Scottish Open – Chris Gotterup (USA)

Evian Championship – Grace Kim. 3rd Lottie Woad

FIFA Club World Cup final (MetLife Stadium, New Jersey) – Chelsea 3 (Palmer 2, Joao Pedro) PSG 0

Group D – England 6 Wales 1

Jul 14

Third Test (Lord’s) England 387 (Root 104, Bumrah 5-74) and 192 India 387 (Rahul 100) and 170 England won by 22 runs

Ben Healy becomes the first Irish rider to claim the yellow jersey in the Tour de France for 38 years

Australia bowl out West Indies for 27, just one run more than New Zealand's 26 all out against England in 1955. Mitchell Starc took 6-9, including his 400th Test wicket

Jul 17

Canada forward Olivia Smith becomes the most expensive signing in women's football history by completing a £1m move to Arsenal from Liverpool

Quarter-final – England 2 (Bronze, Agyemang) Sweden 2. England win 3-2 on penalties

Nine of the 14 penalties in the shootout were missed

Ruth Chepngetich, the women's marathon world record holder, is provisionally suspended after testing positive for a banned substance

Jul 18

Noni Madueke moves from Chelsea to Arsenal

Sean Longstaff moves from Newcastle to Leeds

Jul 19

First Test (Suncorp Stadium, Brisbane) – Australia 19 British and Irish Lions 27

First Lions try scored by Sione Tuipulotu

Oleksandr Usyk stops Daniel Dubois to reclaim undisputed heavyweight title

Quarter-final – Germany 1 France 1. Germany win 6-5 on penalties

Hole in one for John Parry at The Open Championship

Jul 20

The Open Championship (Royal Portrush) – Scheffler. 2nd English. 3rd Gotterup

All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship final – Tipperary bt Cork

Jul 21

Bryan Mbeumo moves from Brentford to Man Utd for £65 million

Jul 22

Semi-final – England 2 (Agyemang, Kelly) Italy 1

Joey Jones dies

British and Irish Lions bt First Nations & Pacifica XV

Jul 23

Semi-final – Spain 1 Germany 0

Championship League Snooker final – Maguire bt O’Connor

Hugo Ekitike moves from Eintracht Frankfurt Liverpool for £69 million

Marcus Rashford moves from Man Utd to Barcelona on loan

Jul 24

Hulk Hogan dies

Jul 25

Root overtakes Kallis, Dravid and Ponting to go second in all-time Test run-scorers' list

Jul 26

Second Test (MCG) – Australia 26 British and Irish Lions 29. Winning try scored by Hugo Keenan

King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes – Calandagan

Ray French dies

Viktor Gyokeres moves from Sporting to Arsenal for £64 million

Jul 27

UEFA Women’s Euro final (Basel) – England 1 (Russo) Spain 1 (Caldentey). England won 3-1 on penalties. Winning penalty scored by Chloe Kelly. Player of the Match – Hannah Hampton

Top scorer – Esther Gonzalez (Spain) 4 goals

Best player – Aitana Bonmati (Spain)

Best young player – Michelle Agyemang

Tour de France – 1st Tadej Pogacar (UAE Team Emirates XRG) 2nd Jonas Vingegaard 3rd Florian Lipowitz 4th Oscar Onley

Points – Jonathan Milan

Mountains – Tadej Pogacar

Youth – Florian Lipowitz

Combativity – Ben Healy

Team – Visma-Lease a Bike

Belgium GP – Piastri, Norris, Leclerc

Fourth Test (Old Trafford) India 358 (Stokes 5-72) and 425-4 (Jadeja 107*, Gill 103, Sundar 101*) England 669 (Root 150, Stokes 141) Match drawn

World Matchplay final – Littler bt Wade. Littler completes the Triple Crown of World Championship, Premier League, and World Matchplay

Women’s World Matchplay final – Ashton bt Sherrock

Formula E World Championship – Oliver Rowland (Nissan)

All-Ireland Senior Football Championship final – Kerry bt Donegal

Senior Open Championship – Padraig Harrington

Lottie Woad wins Women’s Scottish Open on professional debut

Jul 28

Morecambe are suspended from the National League

Jul 29

Goodwood Cup – Scandinavia

James Trafford moves from Burnley to Man City

Joao Felix moves from Chelsea to Al-Nassr

Women’s 3m synchronised springboard. Silver – GB (Scarlet Mew Jensen and Yasmin Harper)

Jul 30

Leon Marchand breaks Ryan Lochte’s 200m medley world record

Sussex Stakes – Qirat, at odds of 150-1

Luis Diaz moves from Liverpool to Bayern Munich for £65 million

Granit Xhaka moves from Bayer Leverkusen to Sunderland

Jul 31

Nassau Stakes – Whirl

Men’s 100m freestyle – David Popovici

Popovici retained the titles in the 100m and 200m freestyle events

== August ==
Aug 1

Yu Zidi, aged 12, becomes the youngest swimmer in history to win a medal at the World Aquatics Championships

Men’s 4x200m freestyle relay – GB (Richards, Guy, McMillan, Scott)

Aug 2

Third Test (Stadium Australia, Sydney) Australia 22 British and Irish Lions 12. Lions win series 2-1

Top tour try scorer – Duhan van de Merwe (5)

Top tour points scorer – Finn Russell (44)

Top points scorer for Lions in Test matches – Finn Russell (15)

Top points scorer for Australia in Test matches – Tom Lynagh (14)

Women's Rugby World Cup warm-up – England 97 Spain 7

Men’s 50m freestyle – Cameron McEvoy (Australia). Silver – Ben Proud

Women’s 800m freestyle – Katie Ledecky. Seventh consecutive win

Aug 3

AIG Women's Open (Royal Porthcawl) – Miyu Yamashita (Japan). 2nd Charley Hull

Hungarian GP – Norris, Piastri, Russell

Shanghai Masters final – Kyren Wilson bt Carter

Tour de France Femmes – Pauline Ferrand Prevot

China finished top of the medal table at the World Aquatics Championships

Summer McIntosh won four gold medals

Aug 4

Fifth Test (The Oval) – India 224 (Atkinson 5-33) and 396 (Jaiswal 118, Tongue 5-125) England 247 and 367 (Brook 111, Root 105, Siraj 5-104). India won by six runs. Series drawn 2-2

Chris Woakes came out to bat with his arm in a sling to support Gus Atkinson when England needed 17 to win

Aug 6

Son Heung-min moves from Spurs to Los Angeles FC

Steve Tandy appointed as head coach of Wales rugby union team

Aug 7

Benjamin Sesko moves from RB Leipzig to Man Utd for £74 million

Canadian Open – Victoria Mboko, a wildcard who began the year ranked 333rd in the world

Aug 9

Darwin Nunez moves from Liverpool to Al-Hilal

Arlington Million – Fort Washington

Aug 10

Community Shield – Crystal Palace bt Liverpool. Hugo Ekitike and Jeremie Frimpong score on debut for Liverpool

Hull FC 80 Salford 6

Aug 12

Red Bull take over Newcastle Falcons

Former Premier League referee David Coote is given an eight-week suspension by the Football Association for comments made about Jurgen Klopp on social media

Jack Grealish moves from Man City to Everton on loan

Aug 13

UEFA Super Cup (Udine) – PSG bt Spurs

Aug 15

First goal in Premier League – Hugo Ekitike for Liverpool against Bournemouth

Premier League shirt sponsors: Burnley – 96.com, Leeds Utd – Red Bull, Nottingham Forest – Bally’s, Sunderland – W88, West Ham – BoyleSports

Ronnie O'Sullivan compiles two 147 breaks in his victory over Chris Wakelin in the semi-finals of the Saudi Arabia Masters

Aug 16

Former Australia Test captain and coach Bob Simpson dies

First red card in Premier League – Ezri Konsa for Aston Villa against Newcastle

Oval Invincibles score 226-4 in The Hundred. Highest-ever score in the competition

Saudi Arabia Masters final – Robertson bt O’Sullivan

Dango Ouattara moves from Bournemouth to Brentford

Aug 17

Jacob Ramsey moves from Aston Villa to Newcastle

LIV Golf individual champion – Jon Rahm

BMW Championship – Scheffler. 2nd MacIntyre

Aug 19

PFA Awards –

Men’s player of the year – Mo Salah

Men’s young player of the year – Morgan Rogers

Women’s player of the year – Mariona Caldentey

Women's young player of the year – Olivia Smith

US Open mixed doubles matches are played in best-of-three-sets with short sets to four games, no-advantage scoring, tiebreakers at four-all, and a 10-point match tiebreak in lieu of a third set

US Open mixed doubles round of 16 – Pegula and Draper bt Raducanu and Alcaraz

Aug 20

Panjab Warriors purchase Morecambe FC. Ashvir Singh Johal becomes the first Sikh to take charge of a professional British club with his appointment as Morecambe manager

US Open mixed doubles semi-finals – Swiatek and Ruud bt Pegula and Draper

Final – Errani and Vavassori bt Swiatek and Ruud

Fluminense goalkeeper Fabio makes his 1391st appearance in men’s football, breaking Peter Shilton’s world record

Aug 22

Women’s Rugby World Cup Pool A (Stadium of Light) – England 69 United States 7. First try scored by Sadia Kabeya

Aug 23

Eberechi Eze moves from Crystal Palace to Arsenal for £60 million

15-year-old Max Dowman makes debut for Arsenal

Scotland bt Wales. Hat-trick for Francesca McGhie

Julia Schell scores six tries for Canada against Fiji

Vuelta a Espana starts in Turin

Aug 24

Iliman Ndiaye scores first goal in Premier League at Everton’s new stadium, against Brighton

Tour Championship and FedEx Cup – Tommy Fleetwood. First PGA Tour win

Aug 25

16-year-old Rio Ngumoha scores winning goal for Liverpool against Newcastle Utd

Tyler Dibling moves from Southampton to Everton

Aug 26

Champions League play-offs – Kairat Almaty bt Celtic

Aug 27

Carabao Cup – Grimsby 2 Man Utd 2. Grimsby won 12-11 on penalties. Bryan Mbuemo missed the last penalty

Carabao Cup – Oxford Utd 0 Brighton 6

Champions League play-offs – Club Brugge 6 Rangers 0. Club Brugge won 9-1 on aggregate

Aug 28

Diamond League Final (Weltklasse, Zurich)

Men’s 100m – Christian Coleman

Men’s 200m – Noah Lyles

Men’s 400m – Jacory Patterson

Men’s 800m – Emmanuel Wanyonyi. 2nd Max Burgin

Men’s 400m hurdles – Karsten Warholm

Men’s high jump – Hamish Kerr

Men’s pole vault – Armand Duplantis

Men’s shot put – Jo Kovacs

Women’s 100m – Julien Alfred

Women’s 200m – Brittany Brown

Women’s 800m – Audrey Werro. 2nd Georgia Hunter Bell

Women’s 400m hurdles – Femke Bol

Women’s pole vault – Katie Moon

Women's discus – Valerie Allman

Morgan Lake becomes the first British woman to break two metres in the high jump

Aug 29

US Open third round – Rybakina bt Radacanu, Djokovic bt Norrie

Xavi Simons moves from RB Leipzig to Spurs

Aug 30

The Hundred – Davina Perrin hits 101 off 43 balls for Northern Superchargers

Women’s Rugby World Cup Pool A (Franklin’s Gardens) – England 92 Samoa 3

Women’s Rugby World Cup Pool A – USA 31 Australia 31

Alejandro Garnacho moves from Man Utd to Chelsea

Nick Woltemade moves from Stuttgart to Newcastle Utd for £69 million

Aug 31

Dutch GP – Piastri, Verstappen, Hadjar. First podium for Hadjar

The Hundred finals (Lord’s). Men’s – Oval Invincibles bt Trent Rockets. Women’s – Northern Superchargers bt Southern Brave

Third successive win for Oval Invincibles Men

Southern Brave Women had won all eight group matches

Men: most runs – Jordan Cox (Oval Invincibles), most wickets – Josh Tongue (Manchester Originals)

Women: most runs – Phoebe Litchfield (Northern Superchargers), most wickets – Lauren Bell (Southern Brave)

Men’s player of the series – Jordan Cox (Oval Invincibles)

Women’s player of the series – Phoebe Litchfield (Northern Superchargers)

Women’s Rugby World Cup Pool D – France 84 Brazil 5

IndyCar Series – Alex Palou (Chip Ganassi Racing). Fourth win

== September ==
Sep 1

Transfer deadline day –

Alexander Isak moves from Newcastle to Liverpool for a British record £125m

Yoane Wissa moves from Brentford to Newcastle

Senne Lammens moves from Royal Antwerp to Man Utd

Kevin moves from Shakhtar Donetsk to Fulham

Antony moves from Man Utd to Real Betis

Jamie Vardy moves from Leicester to Cremonese

Joe Bugner dies

Europe make just one change to the Ryder Cup side that beat the United States in 2023, with Rasmus Hojgaard replacing his twin brother Nicolai

Sep 2

Sonny Baker concedes 76 runs in seven overs in England ODI debut against South Africa

Ederson moves from Man City to Fenerbache

Gianluigi Donnarumma moves from Paris St-Germain to Man City

Sep 3

US Open women’s quarter-final – Anisimova bt Swiatek

Sep 4

US Open women’s semi-finals – Sabalenka bt Pegula, Anisimova bt Osaka

Sep 5

US Open men’s semi-finals – Alcaraz bt Djokovic, Sinner bt Auger-Aliassime

US Open women’s doubles final – Siniakova and Townsend bt Dabrowski and Routliffe

Sep 6

US Open women’s singles final – Sabalenka bt Anisimova

US Open men’s doubles final – Granollers and Zebaloss bt Salisbury and Skupski

Women’s Rugby World Cup Pool A (Brighton & Hove Albion Stadium) – England 47 Australia 7

World Cup qualifier (Villa Park) England 2 Andorra 0. Debut for Elliot Anderson

Sep 7

Italian GP – Verstappen, Norris, Piastri

US Open men’s singles final – Alcaraz bt Sinner

Third ODI – England 414-5 (Bethell 110, Root 100) South Africa 72 (Archer 4-18). England won by 342 runs, the biggest winning margin in men’s ODIs

Burghley Horse Trials – Ros Canter, riding Lordships Graffalo

Women’s Rugby World Cup final pool standings –

Pool A – England, Australia, United States, Samoa

Pool B – Canada, Scotland, Fiji, Wales

Pool C – New Zealand, Ireland, Japan, Spain

Pool D – France, South Africa, Italy, Brazil

Tour of Britain – Romain Gregoire

Geraint Thomas retires

Walker Cup – USA bt Great Britain and Ireland

Sep 9

Ange Postecoglou replaces Nuno Espirito Santo as manager of Nottingham Forest

World Cup qualifier – Norway 11 (Haaland 5) Moldova 1

World Cup qualifier – Serbia 0 England 5

Sep 10

Olympic swimmer Ben Proud becomes the first British athlete to join the Enhanced Games

Sep 11

Andre Onana moves from Man Utd to Trabzonspor on loan

Sep 12

Second T20 – England 304-2 (Salt 141*) South Africa 158. England won by 146 runs

Arthur Fery makes Davis Cup debut for GB against Poland

Sep 13

World Athletics Championships start in Tokyo

Men’s shot put – Ryan Crouser

Women’s 10000m – Beatrice Chebet

T20 Blast Finals Day (Edgbaston). Semi-finals – Somerset bt Lancashire Lightning, Hampshire Hawks bt Northamptonshire Steelbacks. Final – Somerset bt Hampshire Hawks

St Leger – Scandinavia (Tom Marquand), trained by Aidan O’Brien

Women’s Rugby World Cup quarter-finals – New Zealand bt South Africa, Canada bt Australia

Terence Crawford bt Saul 'Canelo' Alvarez to become the first male fighter to be undisputed champion across three weight divisions in the four-belt era

Sep 14

Men’s 100m – Oblique Seville (Jamaica)

Women’s 100m – Melissa Jefferson-Wooden

Women’s marathon – Peres Jepchirchir. Silver – Tigst Assefa

Women’s long jump – Tara Davis-Woodhall

Ricky Hatton dies, aged 46

Vuelta e Espana – Jonas Vingegaard. 2nd Joao Almeida. 3rd Tom Pidcock

There had been various protests against the Israel-Premier Tech team throughout the Vuelta, forcing some stages to be shortened and the final stage to be abandoned

BMW PGA Championship – Alex Noren

Women’s Rugby World Cup quarter-finals (Ashton Gate) – England 40 Scotland 8

France bt Ireland

World Series of Darts final – Van Gerwen bt Littler

Speedway Grand Prix – Bartosz Zmarzlik. 2nd Brady Kurtz (Australia). Sixth world title for Zmarzlik

Sep 15

Men’s pole vault – Arnaud Duplantis, with a world record of 6.30 m

Sep 16

Men’s high jump – Hamish Kerr

Women’s 1500m – Faith Kipyegon. Fourth title

Bodo/Glimt (Norway), Kairat (Kazakhstan), Pafos (Cyprus), and Union Saint-Gilloise (Belgium) make their debut appearances in the Champions League phase/group stage

Sep 17

Men’s 1500m – Isaac Nader (Portugal). Silver – Jake Whiteman

Women’s pole vault – Katie Moon

Sep 18

Men’s javelin – Kershorn Walcott

Women’s 400m – Sydney McLaughlin-Levrone

Jose Mourino replaces Melissa Bruno Lage as manager of Benfica

League Leaders’ Shield – Hull KR

Sep 19

Men’s 200m – Noah Lyles

Women’s 400m hurdles – Femke Bol

Women’s 200m – Melissa Jefferson-Wooden. Silver – Amy Hunt. Bronze – Shericka Jackson

Women’s Rugby World Cup semi-final – Canada bt New Zealand

Sep 20

Women’s 5000m – Beatrice Chebet. Silver – Faith Kipyegon

Heptathlon – Anna Hall. Silver – Kate O’Connor (Ireland). Bronze – Katarina Johnson-Thompson and Taliyah Brooks (tied on 6581 points)

Women’s Rugby World Cup semi-final (Ashton Gate) – England bt France

Metro Bank One Day Cup men’s final – Worcestershire Rapids bt Hampshire

BJK Cup semi-final – USA 2 GB 0. Navarro bt Kartal, Pegula bt Boulter

Liverpool Women manager Matt Beard dies

Sep 21

Men’s 5000m – Cole Hocker

Men’s discus – Daniel Stahl

Women’s 800m – Lilian Odira (Kenya). Silver – Georgia Hunter Bell. Bronze – Keely Hodgkinson

Women’s 4 x 100m relay – USA. Silver – Jamaica (including Shelly-Anne Fraser-Pryce)

Final medal table – 1st USA (16-5-5) 26, 2nd Kenya (7-2-2) 11, 21st GB (0-3-2) 5

GB failed to win a gold medal or a relay medal for the first time since 2003

Billie Jean King Cup final – Italy 2 USA 0. Cocciaretto bt Navarro, Paolini bt Pegula

Azerbaijan GP – Verstappen, Russell, Sainz

Metro Bank One Day Cup women’s final – Lancashire bt Hampshire

UCI Road Cycling World Championships start in Rwanda

Men’s time trial – Remco Evenepoel. Third successive title

Women’s time trial – Marlen Reusser (Switzerland)

Laver Cup – Team World bt Team Europe. Team captains – Andre Agassi and Yannick Noah

English Open snooker final – Mark Allen bt Zhou Yuelong

Sep 22

Ballon d’Or awards –

Player of the Year – Ousmane Dembele and Aitana Bonmati. Third successive win for Bonmati

Coach of the Year (Johan Cruyff Trophy) – Luis Enrique and Sarina Wiegman

Best young player (Kopa Trophy) – Lamine Yamal and Vicky Lopez

Club of the year – PSG and Arsenal women

Goalkeeper of the year (Yashin Trophy) – Gianluigi Donnarumma and Hannah Hampton

Sep 23

Dickie Bird dies

Carabao Cup third round – Barnsley 0 Brighton 6 (Diego Gomez 4)

Alexander Isak scores his first goal for Liverpool against Southampton

Sep 24

Eberechi Eze scores his first goal for Arsenal against Port Vale

Sep 26

World Para Athletics Championships start in New Delhi

Sep 27

Women’s Rugby World Cup final (Twickenham) – England 33 Canada 13

Player of the match – Sadia Kabeya

Captain – Zoe Aldcroft

Coach – John Mitchell

Record crowd for women's rugby of 81,885

Third place play-off – New Zealand 42 France 26

World Rugby Women’s Player of the Year – Sophie de Goede (Canada)

AFL Grand Final – Brisbane Lions bt Geelong

Cambridgeshire Handicap – Boiling Point

County Championship – Nottinghamshire. Runners-up – Surrey. Relegated – Durham, Worcestershire

Division 2 – Leicestershire. Promoted – Glamorgan

Nuno Espirito Santo replaces Graham Potter as manager of West Ham

Women’s road race – Magdeleine Vallieres (Canada)

Sep 28

Ryder Cup (Bethpage Black, New York) – USA 13 Europe 15

Lowry sank the putt to retain the Ryder Cup

Hatton sank the putt to win the Ryder Cup

Aberg was the only player to win for Europe on final day

Hovland was unable to play on final day due to injury

Leading points scorers – Europe: Fleetwood (4), USA: Schauffele and Young (3)

2027 Ryder Cup will be held at Adare Manor in Ireland

Men’s road race – Tadej Pogacar. 2nd Remco Evenepoel. 3rd Ben Healy

British Open snooker final – Murphy bt McGill

== October ==
Oct 1

Newcastle Red Bulls part company with director of rugby Steve Diamond

Oct 4

The Rugby Championship – South Africa

Final match between Argentina and South Africa was played at Twickenham

Speedway of Nations – Australia

Oct 5

Singapore GP – Russell, Verstappen, Norris

McLaren win constructors championship with six races to spare

Women's Super League Grand Final – Wigan Warriors bt St Helens

Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe – Daryz. 2nd Minnie Hauk

Alfred Dunhill Links Championship – Rob MacIntyre

NRL Grand Final – Brisbane Broncos bt Melbourne Storm

British Touring Car Championship – Tom Ingram

Russell Martin sacked as manager of Rangers

World Para Athletics Championships end. Brazil topped the medal table. Hannah Cockroft won three gold medals

RFL Championship Grand Final – Toulouse Olympique bt York Knights

Oct 9

Djed Spence makes debut for England against Wales

Steve Prescott Man of Steel – Jake Connor (Leeds Rhinos)

Woman of Steel – Eva Hunter (Wigan Warriors)

PCA Player of the Year – Jordan Cox

Young Player – Rehan Ahmed

Women’s Player – Emma Lamb

Women’s Young Player – Davina Perrin

Oct 10

WNBA Finals – Las Vegas Aces bt Phoenix Mercury

Oct 11

Super League Grand Final – Hull KR bt Wigan Warriors. Rob Burrow award for Man of the Match – Mikey Lewis

Cesarewitch – Beylerbeyi

Oct 12

World Grand Prix final – Littler bt Humphries

Chicago Marathon. Men’s – Jacob Kiplimo (Uganda). Women’s – Hawi Feysa (Ethiopia)

ICC Women's World Cup group stage – India 330 Australia 331-7 (Healy 142). Record women's one-day international chase

Oct 17

Bradford Bulls are promoted to Super League for 2026 and will replace Salford Red Devils after they were awarded the highest Grade B status under the sport's grading system. Other new teams – Toulouse Olympique and York Knights

Champion flat jockey – Oisin Murphy

Champion flat trainer – Aidan O’Brien

Oct 18

Mateta hat-trick for Crystal Palace against Bournemouth

Nottingham Forest manager Ange Postecoglou is sacked after 39 days

Champion Stakes – Calandagan

Champions Sprint Stakes – Powerful Glory at odds of 200-1. Powerful Glory is the longest-priced winner of a top-level British Group One race

Oct 19

United States GP – Verstappen, Norris, Leclerc

Grand Sumo Tournament at the Royal Albert Hall in London won by Hoshoryu

Superbike World Championship – Toprak Razgatlıoğlu

British Superbike Championship – Kyle Ryde

World Artistic Gymnastics Championships start in Jakarta

Oct 20

Sean Dyche is appointed as manager of Nottingham Forest

Shohei Ohtani hits three home runs and throws 10 strikeouts against Milwaukee Brewers as the LA Dodgers make it back to the World Series

Oct 22

Women’s World Cup group match – England 244-9 Australia 248-4 (Gardner 104*, Sutherland 98*)

UCI Track Cycling World Championships start in Santiago

Men's Individual All-Around – Daiki Hashimoto (Japan)

Oct 23

Women's marathon world record-holder Ruth Chepngetich is banned for three years after admitting to anti-doping rule violations

Cricket Media Club awards –

Bob Willis Trophy – Joe Root

Young Cricketer – Rehan Ahmed

Women’s Cricket Award – Lauren Bell

Oct 24

Men’s individual pursuit – Josh Charlton

Men’s points – Josh Tarling

Sheffield Wednesday enter administration and are deducted 12 points

Men’s floor – Jake Jarman. Silver – Luke Whitehouse

Men’s horizontal bar. Bronze – Joe Fraser

Women’s floor. Silver – Ruby Evans. Bronze – Abigail Martin

Oct 25

Women’s individual pursuit – Anna Morris

Women’s Madison – GB (Katie Archibald and Madelaine Leech)

Alana King takes 7-18 for Australia against South Africa in Women’s World Cup group match

Jess Fishlock retires after winning 166 caps for Wales

UFC heavyweight champion Tom Aspinall retains his belt after title fight against Ciryl Gane is declared a no-contest because of eye poke from Gane

Fabio Wardley bt Joseph Parker to claim the WBO heavyweight 'interim' title

Oct 26

Men’s sprint – Harrie Lavreyson (Netherlands). Silver – Matthew Richardson

European Championship darts final – Van Veen bt Humphries

Mexico City GP – Norris, Leclerc, Verstappen. 4th Bearman

Oct 27

Brendan Rodgers resigns as manager of Celtic. Martin O’Neill returns to Celtic as interim manager

Game three in World Series takes 18 innings and lasts six-and-a-half hours

Oct 29

Women’s World Cup semi-final – South Africa 319-7 (Wolvaardt 169) England 194 (Kapp 5-20). South Africa won by 125 runs

Oct 30

Women’s World Cup semi-final – Australia 338 (Litchfield 119) India 341-5 (Rodrigues 127*). India won by five wickets. Highest successful chase in women's one-day international history

Oct 31

Willie Young dies

== November ==
Nov 1

Autumn Nations Series – England bt Australia and regain the Ella-Mobbs trophy. Australia’s try scored by Harry Potter

Autumn Nations Series – Scotland 85 USA 0

World Series – Los Angeles Dodgers 4 Toronto Blue Jays 3. MVP – Yoshinobu Yamamoto

American League MVP – Aaron Judge (New York Yankees)

National League MVP – Shohei Ohtani (Los Angeles Dodgers)

Australia bt England at Hill Dickinson Stadium to retain Rugby League Ashes

League of Ireland – Shamrock Rovers

Breeders’ Cup Classic – Forever Young

Nov 2

Vitor Pereira sacked as manager of Wolves

Women’s World Cup final (Navi Mumbai) – India 298-7 (Shafali Verma 87) South Africa 246 (Wolvaardt 101, Deepti Sharma 5-39) India won by 52 runs

Player of the series – Deepti Sharma

Most runs – Laura Wolvaardt

Most wickets – Deepti Sharma

NASCAR Cup Series – Kyle Larson

Nov 4

Melbourne Cup – Half Yours (Jamie Melham). Melham becomes only the second woman to win the race

WTA Tour group placings –

Steffi Graf Group – Sabalenka, Pegula, Gauff, Paolina

Serena Williams Group – Rybakina, Anisimova, Swiatek, Keys. Alexandrova replaced Keys for the third match

Nov 8

WTA Tour finals (Saudi Arabia) –

Singles final – Rybakina bt Sabalenka

Doubles final – Kudermetova and Mertens bt Babos and Stefani

Nov 9

Sao Paulo GP – Norris, Antonelli, Verstappen

International Championship snooker final – Wu Yize bt Higgins

Nov 11

Middlesbrough manager Rob Edwards moves to Wolves

Nov 13

Nico O’Reilly makes England debut against Serbia

Troy Parrott scores twice for Ireland against Portugal. Ronaldo is sent off for the first time in international football

Nov 14

Former world heavyweight champion Joseph Parker tests positive for cocaine

Nov 15

Autumn Nations Series – England 33 New Zealand 19

Autumn Nations Series – Wales 24 Japan 23. Wales end a record run of 10 successive home Test defeats

ATP World Tour Finals semi-finals –

Sinner bt De Minaur, Alcaraz bt Auger-Aliassime

Alcaraz becomes year-end world number one

Doubles – Helioevaara and Patten bt Bolelli and Vavassori, Salisbury and Skupski bt Cash and Glasspool

Conor Benn bt Chris Eubank Jr. Fight held at Tottenham Hotspur Stadium

Nov 16

Jarell Quansah makes England debut against Albania

UEFA World Cup qualifier – Hungary 2 Ireland 3 (Parrott 3)

DP World Tour Championship – Matt Fitzpatrick

Rory McIlroy wins his seventh Race to Dubai title. 2nd Marco Penge

ATP World Tour Finals (Turin) –

Final – Sinner bt Alcaraz

Doubles final – Helioevaara and Patten bt Salisbury and Skupski

Grand Slam of Darts final (Wolverhampton) – Littler bt Humphries

Littler becomes world number one for the first time

Champion of Champions final (Leicester) – Selby bt Trump

Grey Cup – Saskatchewan Roughriders bt Montreal Alouettes

MotoGP – Marc Marquez. 2nd Alec Marquez

Constructors’ champion – Ducati

Moto2 – Diogo Moreira (Brazil)

Moto3 – Jose Antonio Rueda

MotoE – Alessandro Zaccone

Nov 18

UEFA World Cup qualifier – Scotland 4 Denmark 2

Scotland qualify for finals for first time since 1998

Wales 7 (Harry Wilson 3) North Macedonia 1

Curacao become smallest nation to qualify for World Cup

Nov 19

Cartier Racing Awards –

Horse of the Year – Calandagan

Award of Merit – Brough Scott

Nov 22

First Test (Optus Stadium, Perth) England 172 (Starc 7-58) and 164 Australia 132 (Stokes 5-23) and 205-2 (Head 123) Australia won by eight wickets

In the first two-day Ashes Test since 1921, Head hit the second-fastest Ashes hundred of all time, made off only 69 balls

Autumn Nations Series – Wales 26 New Zealand 52. Tom Rogers hat-trick for Wales

Las Vegas GP – Verstappen, Russell, Antonelli. Norris and Piastri are disqualified after the skid blocks on both cars were found after the race to be less than the minimum depth allowed in the rules

World Rugby Player of the Year – Malcolm Marx (South Africa)

Nov 23

Davis Cup final (Bologna) – Italy bt Spain. Berrettini and Cobolli won their singles matches

Eze hat-trick for Arsenal against Spurs

Players Championship final (Minehead) – Littler bt Aspinall

World Youth Championship final – Gian van Veen bt Beau Greaves

Nov 24

Everton's Idrissa Gueye sent off for striking team-mate Michael Keane in a match against Man Utd

BBC Women's Footballer of the Year – Hannah Hampton

Nov 25

William Hill Sports Book of the Year – “The Escape: The Tour, The Cyclist and Me” by David Walsh and Pippa York. The book charts York’s 11 Tour de France appearances when she was known as Robert Millar

Nov 27

Fuzzy Zoeller dies

Nov 28

Imran Sherwani dies

Nov 29

England 8 (Stanway 3) China 0

Autumn international – Wales 0 South Africa 73. Sacha Feinberg-Mngomezulu scored 28 points

Copa Libertadores final (Lima) – Flamengo bt Palmeiras

British heavyweight title – Jeamie TKV bt Frazer Clarke

World Rally Championship – Sebastien Ogier, driving a Toyota. Ninth title for Ogier. Elfyn Evans is runner-up for the fifth time

Nov 30

Qatar GP – Verstappen, Piastri, Sainz

Billy Bonds dies

World Athletics Awards. Men– Armand Duplantis, Women – Sydney McLaughlin-Levrone

Art and Culture/Turner prize

2025-12-10T13:49:17Z

QRNeditor: Added 2025 winner

{| class="wikitable"
|1984
|Malcolm Morley
|Inaugural winner. Awarded prize money of £10,000
|-
|1985
|Howard Hodgkin
|for the oil painting ''A Small Thing But My Own''
|-
|1986
|Gilbert and George
|Other nominees included Derek Jarman
|-
|1987
|Richard Deacon
|Abstract sculptor. Other nominees included Patrick Caulfield
|-
|1988
|Tony Cragg
|Sculptor. Other nominees included Lucian Freud and Richard Hamilton
|-
|1989
|Richard Long
|Sculptor and land artist. Prize awarded for his lifetime body of work. He had received three previous nominations. Other nominees included Paula Rego
|-
|1990
|Prize not awarded
|Prize cancelled after the sponsor Drexel Burnham Lambert was forced into bankruptcy
|-
|1991
|Anish Kapoor
|Sculptor born in Mumbai. Prize increased to £20,000 with sponsorship from Channel 4
|-
|1992
|Grenville Davey
|for ''HAL'', a work consisting of two abstract steel objects
|-
|1993
|Rachel Whiteread
|for ''House'', a concrete cast of the inside of an entire three-story house in east London. The work also won the K Foundation art award for the worst British artist. First female winner
|-
|1994
|Antony Gormley
|Sculptor. Other nominees included Peter Doig
|-
|1995
|Damien Hirst
|for works including ''Mother and Child, Divided'' (a cow and calf cut in half and placed in formaldehyde). Other nominees included Mona Hatoum
|-
|1996
|Douglas Gordon
|First video artist to win
|-
|1997
|Gillian Wearing
|for the video ''60 minutes of Silence'', in which a group of actors dressed in police uniforms stand still for an hour. The first all-female shortlist included Cornelia Parker
|-
|1998
|Chris Ofili
|for mixed media images using elephant dung. Other nominees included Tacita Dean and Sam Taylor-Wood
|-
|1999
|Steve McQueen
|for his video based on a Buster Keaton film. Tracey Emin exhibited ''My Be''d
|-
|2000
|Wolfgang Tillmans
|Born in Germany. First photographer and first non-British winner. The Stuckist group staged a demonstration against the prize
|-
|2001
|Martin Creed
|for ''Work No. 227: The lights going on and off''. Prize presented by Madonna who said "Right on, motherfuckers!"
|-
|2002
|Keith Tyson
|Fiona Banner exhibited ''Arsewoman in Wonderland'', a 4 x 6 m printed description of a pornographic film. Banksy stencilled "Mind the crap" on the steps of the Tate
|-
|2003
|Grayson Perry
|First ceramic artist to win. Jake and Dinos Chapman exhibited ''Insult to Injury'', ''Sex'', and ''Death'' (two sex dolls cast in bronze and painted to look like plastic)
|-
|2004
|Jeremy Deller
|for the film ''Memory Bucket'', documenting George W. Bush's hometown in Texas and the siege in Waco. Nominees included Yinka Shonibare. Prize money increased to £25,000
|-
|2005
|Simon Starling
|for ''Shedboatshed'' that involved taking a wooden shed, turning it into a boat, sailing it down the Rhine and turning it back into a shed
|-
|2006
|Tomma Abts
|Born in Germany. First female painter to win the award. The total prize money was £40,000: £25,000 awarded to the winner and £5,000 to each of the other three nominees
|-
|2007
|Mark Wallinger
|for ''State Britain'', which recreated all the objects in Brian Haw's anti-war display in Parliament Square. The prize was held outside London for the first time, in Tate Liverpool
|-
|2008
|Mark Leckey
|for the exhibitions ''Industrial Light & Magic'' and ''Resident''
|-
|2009
|Richard Wright
|for his golden fresco, ''no title''
|-
|2010
|Susan Philipsz
|for an installation under three bridges in Glasgow in which she sang the sea shanty ''Lowlands Away''. First sound artist to win
|-
|2011
|Martin Boyce
|for his installation ''Do Words Have Voices''. The prize was held in Gateshead at the Baltic Centre for Contemporary Art
|-
|2012
|Elizabeth Price
|for her solo exhibition 'HERE'. Price is a former member of the pop group Talulah Gosh
|-
|2013
|Laure Prouvost
|Born in France. Other nominees included Lynette Yiadom-Boakye. The prize was held in Derry / Londonerry
|-
|2014
|Duncan Campbell
|for a film which uses the IRA and Marxism to explore the value of art
|-
|2015
|Assemble
|Architecture and design collective. Awarded the prize for their work regenerating terraced houses that had been boarded up for years in Toxteth in Liverpool
|-
|2016
|Helen Marten
|for installations containing a range of handmade and recognisable objects from everyday life
|-
|2017
|Lubaina Himid
|Born in Zanzibar. For work addressing racial politics and the legacy of slavery. First black woman to win the award. The prize was held at the Ferens Art Gallery in Hull. The age limit of 50, established in 1991 and in place ever since, was abolished
|-
|2018
|Charlotte Prodger
|for films, which made use of clips shot on her iPhone overlaid with reflections on subjects surrounding queer identity. Other nominees included Forensic Architecture
|-
|2019
|Lawrence Abu Hamdan,

Helen Cammock,

Oscar Murillo and Tai Shani
|The prize was shared by all four nominees after they wrote a letter asking the judges not to choose a single winner
|-
|2020
|Prize not awarded
|The award was replaced by a bursary for 10 artists due to the COVID-19 pandemic
|-
|2021
|Array Collective
|for an installation centred on an imaginary Irish pub. First Northern Irish winners of the award
|-
|2022
|Veronica Ryan
|for her sculptures that evoke fruits, seeds, plants and vegetables, and other objects from her home island of Montserrat. Oldest winner, aged 66. Other nominees included Heather Phillipson
|-
|2023
|Jesse Darling
|for sculptures made of commonplace objects conveying ‘the messy reality of life’, and unsettling ‘notions of labour, class, Britishness and power’. First transgender winner
|-
|2024
|Jasleen Kaur
|for her Alter Altar exhibition celebrating the Scottish Sikh community
|-
|2025
|Nnena Kalu
|for her ‘bold and compelling’ sculptures and drawings. First winner with a learning disability. Other nominees – Rene Matić, Zadie Xa and Mohammed Sami
|}

Entertainment/Lists of Winners of UK Reality TV Shows

2025-12-09T16:20:06Z

QRNeditor: Added winner of I'm a Celebrity 2025

== Big Brother ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2000
|Craig Phillips
|-
|2001
|Brian Dowling
|-
|2002
|Kate Lawler
|-
|2003
|Cameron Stout
|-
|2004
|Nadia Almada
|-
|2005
|Anthony Hutton
|-
|2006
|Pete Bennett
|-
|2007
|Brian Belo
|-
|2008
|Rachel Rice
|-
|2009
|Sophie Reade
|-
|2010
|Josie Gibson
|-
|2011
|Aaron Allard-Morgan
|-
|2012
|Luke Anderson
|-
|2013
|Sam Evans
|-
|2014
|Helen Wood
|-
|2015
|Chloe Wilburn
|-
|2016
|Jason Burrill
|-
|2017
|Isabelle Warburton
|-
|2018
|Cameron Cole
|-
|2023
|Jordan Sangha
|-
|2024
|Ali Bromley
|}

== Celebrity Big Brother ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2001
|Jack Dee
|-
|2002
|Mark Owen
|-
|2005
|Bez Berry
|-
|2006
|Chantelle Houghton
|-
|2007
|Shilpa Shetty
|-
|2009
|Ulrika Jonsson
|-
|2010
|Alex Reid
|-
|2011
|Paddy Doherty
|-
|2012
|Denise Welch
|-
|2012
|Julian Clary
|-
|2013
|Rylan Clark
|-
|2013
|Charlotte Crosby
|-
|2014
|Jim Davidson
|-
|2014
|Gary Busey
|-
|2015
|Katie Price
|-
|2015
|James Hill
|-
|2016
|Scotty T
|-
|2016
|Stephen Bear
|-
|2017
|Coleen Nolan
|-
|2017
|Sarah Harding
|-
|2018
|Courtney Act
|-
|2018
|Ryan Thomas
|-
|2024
|David Potts
|-
|2025
|Jack P. Shepherd
|}

== I’m a Celebrity…Get Me Out of Here! ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2002
|Tony Blackburn
|-
|2003
|Phil Tuffnell
|-
|2004
|Kerry Katona
|-
|2004
|Joe Pasquale
|-
|2005
|Carol Thatcher
|-
|2006
|Matt Willis
|-
|2007
|Christopher Biggins
|-
|2008
|Joe Swash
|-
|2009
|Gino D’Acampo
|-
|2010
|Stacey Solomon
|-
|2011
|Dougie Poynter
|-
|2012
|Charlie Brooks
|-
|2013
|Kian Egan
|-
|2014
|Carl Fogarty
|-
|2015
|Vicky Pattison
|-
|2016
|Scarlett Moffatt
|-
|2017
|Georgia Toffolo
|-
|2018
|Harry Redknapp
|-
|2019
|Jacqueline Jossa
|-
|2020
|Giovanna Fletcher
|-
|2021
|Danny Miller
|-
|2022
|Jill Scott
|-
|2023
|Sam Thompson
|-
|2024
|Danny Jones
|-
|2025
|Angry Ginge
|}

== Love Island ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2005
|Fran Cosgrave and Jayne Middlemiss (Celebrity Love Island)
|-
|2006
|Calum Best and Bianca Gascoigne (Celebrity Love Island)
|-
|2015
|Max Morley and Jessica Hayes
|-
|2016
|Nathan Massey and Cara De La Hoyde
|-
|2017
|Kem Cetinay and Amber Davies
|-
|2018
|Jack Fincham and Dani Dyer
|-
|2019
|Greg O’Shea and Amber Gill
|-
|2020
|Finlay Tapp and Paige Turley
|-
|2021
|Liam Reardon and Millie Court
|-
|2022
|Davide Sanclimenti and Ekin-Su Cülcüloğlu
|-
|2023 (March)
|Kai Fagan and Sanam Harrinanan
|-
|2023 (July)
|Jess Harding and Sammy Root
|-
|2024
|Josh Oyinsan and Mimii Ngulube
|-
|2025
|Cach Mercer and Toni Laites
|}

== Popstars ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2001
|Hear’Say
|-
|2002
|Girls Aloud and One True Voice (Popstars: The Rivals)
|}

== Pop Idol ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2002
|Will Young
|-
|2003
|Michelle McManus
|}

== The X Factor ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2004
|Steve Brookstein
|-
|2005
|Shayne Ward
|-
|2006
|Leona Lewis
|-
|2007
|Leon Jackson
|-
|2008
|Alexandra Burke
|-
|2009
|Joe McElderry
|-
|2010
|Matt Cardle
|-
|2011
|Little Mix
|-
|2012
|James Arthur
|-
|2013
|Sam Bailey
|-
|2014
|Ben Haenow
|-
|2015
|Louisa Johnson
|-
|2016
|Matt Terry
|-
|2017
|Rak-Su
|-
|2108
|Dalton Harris
|}

== Strictly Come Dancing ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2004
|Natasha Kaplinsky and Brendan Cole
|-
|2004
|Jill Halfpenny and Darren Bennett
|-
|2005
|Darren Gough and Lilia Kopylova
|-
|2006
|Mark Ramprakash and Karen Hardy
|-
|2007
|Alesha Dixon and Matthew Cutler
|-
|2008
|Tom Chambers and Camilla Dallerup
|-
|2009
|Chris Hollins and Ola Jordan
|-
|2010
|Kara Tointon and Artem Chigvintsev
|-
|2011
|Harry Judd and Aliona Vilani
|-
|2012
|Louis Smith and Flavia Cacace
|-
|2013
|Abbey Clancy and Aljaz Skorjanec
|-
|2014
|Caroline Flack and Pasha Kovalev
|-
|2015
|Jay McGuiness and Aliona Vilani
|-
|2016
|Ore Oduba and Joanne Clifton
|-
|2017
|Joe McFadden and Katya Jones
|-
|2018
|Stacey Dooley and Kevin Clifton
|-
|2019
|Kelvin Fletcher and Oti Mabuse
|-
|2020
|Bill Bailey and Oti Mabuse
|-
|2021
|Rose Ayling-Ellis and Giovanni Pernice
|-
|2022
|Hamza Yassin and Jowita Przystał
|-
|2023
|Ellie Lynch and Vito Coppola
|-
|2024
|Chris McCausland and Dianne Buswell
|}

== Dancing on Ice ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2006
|Gaynor Faye and Daniel Whiston
|-
|2007
|Kyran Bracken and Melanie Lambert
|-
|2008
|Suzanne Shaw and Matt Evers
|-
|2009
|Ray Quinn and Maria Filippov
|-
|2010
|Hayley Tamaddon and Daniel Whitson
|-
|2011
|Sam Attwater and Brianne Delcourt
|-
|2012
|Matthew Wolfenden and Nina Ulanova
|-
|2013
|Beth Tweddle and Daniel Whitson
|-
|2014
|Ray Quinn and Maria Filippov
|-
|2018
|Jake Quickenden and Vanessa Bauer
|-
|2019
|James Jordan and Alexandra Schauman
|-
|2020
|Joe Swash and Alex Murphy
|-
|2021
|Sonny Jay and Angela Egan
|-
|2022
|Regan Gascoigne and Karina Manta
|-
|2023
|Nile Wilson and Olivia Smart
|-
|2024
|Ryan Thomas and Amani Fancy
|-
|2025
|Sam Aston and Molly Lanaghan
|}

== The Apprentice ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2005
|Tim Campbell
|-
|2006
|Michelle Dewberry
|-
|2007
|Simon Ambrose
|-
|2008
|Lee McQueen
|-
|2009
|Yasmini Siadatan
|-
|2010
|Stella English
|-
|2011
|Tom Pellereau
|-
|2012
|Ricky Martin
|-
|2013
|Leah Totton
|-
|2014
|Mark Wright
|-
|2015
|Joseph Valente
|-
|2016
|Alana Spencer
|-
|2017
|Sarah Lynn and James White
|-
|2018
|Sian Gabbidon
|-
|2019
|Carina Lepore
|-
|2020
|Not held due to COVID-19
|-
|2021
|Not held due to COVID-19
|-
|2022
|Harpreet Kaur
|-
|2023
|Marnie Swindells
|-
|2024
|Rachel Woolford
|-
|2025
|Dean Franklin
|}

== Britain's Got Talent ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2007
|Paul Potts
|-
|2008
|George Sampson
|-
|2009
|Diversity
|-
|2010
|Spelbound
|-
|2011
|Jai McDowell
|-
|2012
|Ashleigh Butler and her dog Pudsey
|-
|2013
|Attraction
|-
|2104
|Collabro
|-
|2015
|Jules O'Dwyer and her dog Matisse
|-
|2016
|Richard Jones
|-
|2017
|Tokio Myers
|-
|2018
|Lost Voice Guy
|-
|2019
|Colin Thackery
|-
|2020
|Jon Courtenay
|-
|2021
|Not held due to COVID-19
|-
|2022
|Alex Blake
|-
|2023
|Viggo Venn
|-
|2024
|Syndie Christmas
|-
|2025
|Harry Moulding
|}

== The Voice UK ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2012
|Leanne Mitchell
|-
|2013
|Andrea Begley
|-
|2014
|Jermain Jackman
|-
|2015
|Stevie McCrorie
|-
|2016
|Kevin Simm
|-
|2017
|Mo Adeniran
|-
|2018
|Ruti Olajugbagbe
|-
|2019
|Molly Hocking
|-
|2020
|Blessing Chitapa
|-
|2021
|Craig Eddie
|-
|2022
|Anthonia Edwards
|-
|2023
|Jen and Liv
|-
|2024
|AVA
|}

== Celebrity MasterChef ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2006
|Matt Dawson
|-
|2007
|Nadia Sawalha
|-
|2008
|Liz McClarnon
|-
|2009
|Jayne Middlemiss
|-
|2010
|Lisa Faulkner
|-
|2011
|Phil Vickery
|-
|2012
|Emma Kennedy
|-
|2013
|Adrian Edmondson
|-
|2104
|Sophie Thompson
|-
|2015
|Kimberly Wyatt
|-
|2016
|Alexis Conran
|-
|2017
|Angellica Bell
|-
|2018
|John Partridge
|-
|2019
|Greg Rutherford
|-
|2020
|Riyadh Khalaf
|-
|2021
|Kadeena Cox
|-
|2022
|Lisa Snowdon
|-
|2023
|Wynne Evans
|-
|2024
|Vito Coppola
|}

== The Great British Bake Off ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2010
|Edd Kimber
|-
|2011
|Joanne Wheatley
|-
|2012
|John Whaite
|-
|2013
|Frances Quinn
|-
|2014
|Nancy Birtwhistle
|-
|2015
|Nadiya Hussain
|-
|2016
|Candice Brown
|-
|2017
|Sophie Faldo
|-
|2018
|Rahul Mandal
|-
|2019
|David Atherton
|-
|2020
|Peter Sawkins
|-
|2021
|Giuseppe Dell'Anno
|-
|2022
|Syabira Yusoff
|-
|2023
|Matty Edgell
|-
|2024
|Georgie Grasso
|-
|2025
|Jasmine Mitchell
|}

== The Jump ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2014
|Joe McElderry
|-
|2015
|Joey Essex
|-
|2016
|Ben Cohen
|-
|2017
|Spencer Matthews
|}

== The Great British Sewing Bee ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2013
|Ann Rowley
|-
|2014
|Heather Jacks
|-
|2015
|Matt Chapple
|-
|2016
|Charlotte Newland
|-
|2019
|Juliet Uzor
|-
|2020
|Clare Bradley
|-
|2021
|Serena Baker
|-
|2022
|Annie Phillips
|-
|2023
|Asmaa Al-allak
|-
|2024
|Luke-Matthew Iveson
|-
|2025
|Caz
|}

== The Great Pottery Throw Down ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2015
|Matthew Wilcock
|-
|2017
|Ryan Barrett
|-
|2020
|Rosa Wiland Holmes
|-
|2021
|Jodie Neale
|-
|2022
|AJ Simpson
|-
|2023
|Lois Gunn
|-
|2024
|Donna Bloye
|-
|2025
|James Stanley Watson
|}

== RuPaul’s Drag Race UK ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2019
|The Vivienne
|-
|2021
|Lawrence Chaney
|-
|2021
|Krystal Versace
|-
|2022
|Danny Beard
|-
|2023
|Ginger Johnson
|-
|2024
|Kyran Thrax
|-
|2025
|Bones
|}

== Britain's Next Top Model ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2005
|Lucy Ratcliffe
|-
|2006
|Lianna Fowler
|-
|2007
|Lauren McEvoy
|-
|2008
|Alex Evans
|-
|2009
|Mecia Simson
|-
|2010
|Tiffany Pisani
|-
|2011
|Jade Thompson
|-
|2012
|Letitia Herod
|-
|2013
|Lauren Lambert
|-
|2016
|Chloe Keenan
|-
|2017
|Olivia Wardell
|-
|2017
|Ivy Watson
|}

== The Masked Singer ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2020
|Nicola Roberts as “Queen Bee”
|-
|2021
|Joss Stone as “Sausage”
|-
|2022
|Natalie Imbruglia as “Panda”
|-
|2023
|Charlie Simpson as “Rhino”
|-
|2024
|Danny Jones as "Piranha"
|-
|2025
|Samantha Banks as "Pufferfish"
|}

== The Masked Dancer ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2021
|Louis Smith as “Carwash”
|-
|2022
|Heather Morris as “Scissors”
|}

== The Traitors ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2022
|Aaron Evans, Hannah Byczkowski, and Meryl Williams
|-
|2024
|Harry Clark
|-
|2025
|Jake Brown and Leanne Quigley
|}

== The Celebrity Traitors ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2025
|Alan Carr
|}

Entertainment/Lists of Winners of UK Reality TV Shows

2025-12-04T19:29:36Z

QRNeditor: Brought up to date

== Big Brother ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2000
|Craig Phillips
|-
|2001
|Brian Dowling
|-
|2002
|Kate Lawler
|-
|2003
|Cameron Stout
|-
|2004
|Nadia Almada
|-
|2005
|Anthony Hutton
|-
|2006
|Pete Bennett
|-
|2007
|Brian Belo
|-
|2008
|Rachel Rice
|-
|2009
|Sophie Reade
|-
|2010
|Josie Gibson
|-
|2011
|Aaron Allard-Morgan
|-
|2012
|Luke Anderson
|-
|2013
|Sam Evans
|-
|2014
|Helen Wood
|-
|2015
|Chloe Wilburn
|-
|2016
|Jason Burrill
|-
|2017
|Isabelle Warburton
|-
|2018
|Cameron Cole
|-
|2023
|Jordan Sangha
|-
|2024
|Ali Bromley
|}

== Celebrity Big Brother ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2001
|Jack Dee
|-
|2002
|Mark Owen
|-
|2005
|Bez Berry
|-
|2006
|Chantelle Houghton
|-
|2007
|Shilpa Shetty
|-
|2009
|Ulrika Jonsson
|-
|2010
|Alex Reid
|-
|2011
|Paddy Doherty
|-
|2012
|Denise Welch
|-
|2012
|Julian Clary
|-
|2013
|Rylan Clark
|-
|2013
|Charlotte Crosby
|-
|2014
|Jim Davidson
|-
|2014
|Gary Busey
|-
|2015
|Katie Price
|-
|2015
|James Hill
|-
|2016
|Scotty T
|-
|2016
|Stephen Bear
|-
|2017
|Coleen Nolan
|-
|2017
|Sarah Harding
|-
|2018
|Courtney Act
|-
|2018
|Ryan Thomas
|-
|2024
|David Potts
|-
|2025
|Jack P. Shepherd
|}

== I’m a Celebrity…Get Me Out of Here! ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2002
|Tony Blackburn
|-
|2003
|Phil Tuffnell
|-
|2004
|Kerry Katona
|-
|2004
|Joe Pasquale
|-
|2005
|Carol Thatcher
|-
|2006
|Matt Willis
|-
|2007
|Christopher Biggins
|-
|2008
|Joe Swash
|-
|2009
|Gino D’Acampo
|-
|2010
|Stacey Solomon
|-
|2011
|Dougie Poynter
|-
|2012
|Charlie Brooks
|-
|2013
|Kian Egan
|-
|2014
|Carl Fogarty
|-
|2015
|Vicky Pattison
|-
|2016
|Scarlett Moffatt
|-
|2017
|Georgia Toffolo
|-
|2018
|Harry Redknapp
|-
|2019
|Jacqueline Jossa
|-
|2020
|Giovanna Fletcher
|-
|2021
|Danny Miller
|-
|2022
|Jill Scott
|-
|2023
|Sam Thompson
|-
|2024
|Danny Jones
|}

== Love Island ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2005
|Fran Cosgrave and Jayne Middlemiss (Celebrity Love Island)
|-
|2006
|Calum Best and Bianca Gascoigne (Celebrity Love Island)
|-
|2015
|Max Morley and Jessica Hayes
|-
|2016
|Nathan Massey and Cara De La Hoyde
|-
|2017
|Kem Cetinay and Amber Davies
|-
|2018
|Jack Fincham and Dani Dyer
|-
|2019
|Greg O’Shea and Amber Gill
|-
|2020
|Finlay Tapp and Paige Turley
|-
|2021
|Liam Reardon and Millie Court
|-
|2022
|Davide Sanclimenti and Ekin-Su Cülcüloğlu
|-
|2023 (March)
|Kai Fagan and Sanam Harrinanan
|-
|2023 (July)
|Jess Harding and Sammy Root
|-
|2024
|Josh Oyinsan and Mimii Ngulube
|-
|2025
|Cach Mercer and Toni Laites
|}

== Popstars ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2001
|Hear’Say
|-
|2002
|Girls Aloud and One True Voice (Popstars: The Rivals)
|}

== Pop Idol ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2002
|Will Young
|-
|2003
|Michelle McManus
|}

== The X Factor ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2004
|Steve Brookstein
|-
|2005
|Shayne Ward
|-
|2006
|Leona Lewis
|-
|2007
|Leon Jackson
|-
|2008
|Alexandra Burke
|-
|2009
|Joe McElderry
|-
|2010
|Matt Cardle
|-
|2011
|Little Mix
|-
|2012
|James Arthur
|-
|2013
|Sam Bailey
|-
|2014
|Ben Haenow
|-
|2015
|Louisa Johnson
|-
|2016
|Matt Terry
|-
|2017
|Rak-Su
|-
|2108
|Dalton Harris
|}

== Strictly Come Dancing ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2004
|Natasha Kaplinsky and Brendan Cole
|-
|2004
|Jill Halfpenny and Darren Bennett
|-
|2005
|Darren Gough and Lilia Kopylova
|-
|2006
|Mark Ramprakash and Karen Hardy
|-
|2007
|Alesha Dixon and Matthew Cutler
|-
|2008
|Tom Chambers and Camilla Dallerup
|-
|2009
|Chris Hollins and Ola Jordan
|-
|2010
|Kara Tointon and Artem Chigvintsev
|-
|2011
|Harry Judd and Aliona Vilani
|-
|2012
|Louis Smith and Flavia Cacace
|-
|2013
|Abbey Clancy and Aljaz Skorjanec
|-
|2014
|Caroline Flack and Pasha Kovalev
|-
|2015
|Jay McGuiness and Aliona Vilani
|-
|2016
|Ore Oduba and Joanne Clifton
|-
|2017
|Joe McFadden and Katya Jones
|-
|2018
|Stacey Dooley and Kevin Clifton
|-
|2019
|Kelvin Fletcher and Oti Mabuse
|-
|2020
|Bill Bailey and Oti Mabuse
|-
|2021
|Rose Ayling-Ellis and Giovanni Pernice
|-
|2022
|Hamza Yassin and Jowita Przystał
|-
|2023
|Ellie Lynch and Vito Coppola
|-
|2024
|Chris McCausland and Dianne Buswell
|}

== Dancing on Ice ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2006
|Gaynor Faye and Daniel Whiston
|-
|2007
|Kyran Bracken and Melanie Lambert
|-
|2008
|Suzanne Shaw and Matt Evers
|-
|2009
|Ray Quinn and Maria Filippov
|-
|2010
|Hayley Tamaddon and Daniel Whitson
|-
|2011
|Sam Attwater and Brianne Delcourt
|-
|2012
|Matthew Wolfenden and Nina Ulanova
|-
|2013
|Beth Tweddle and Daniel Whitson
|-
|2014
|Ray Quinn and Maria Filippov
|-
|2018
|Jake Quickenden and Vanessa Bauer
|-
|2019
|James Jordan and Alexandra Schauman
|-
|2020
|Joe Swash and Alex Murphy
|-
|2021
|Sonny Jay and Angela Egan
|-
|2022
|Regan Gascoigne and Karina Manta
|-
|2023
|Nile Wilson and Olivia Smart
|-
|2024
|Ryan Thomas and Amani Fancy
|-
|2025
|Sam Aston and Molly Lanaghan
|}

== The Apprentice ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2005
|Tim Campbell
|-
|2006
|Michelle Dewberry
|-
|2007
|Simon Ambrose
|-
|2008
|Lee McQueen
|-
|2009
|Yasmini Siadatan
|-
|2010
|Stella English
|-
|2011
|Tom Pellereau
|-
|2012
|Ricky Martin
|-
|2013
|Leah Totton
|-
|2014
|Mark Wright
|-
|2015
|Joseph Valente
|-
|2016
|Alana Spencer
|-
|2017
|Sarah Lynn and James White
|-
|2018
|Sian Gabbidon
|-
|2019
|Carina Lepore
|-
|2020
|Not held due to COVID-19
|-
|2021
|Not held due to COVID-19
|-
|2022
|Harpreet Kaur
|-
|2023
|Marnie Swindells
|-
|2024
|Rachel Woolford
|-
|2025
|Dean Franklin
|}

== Britain's Got Talent ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2007
|Paul Potts
|-
|2008
|George Sampson
|-
|2009
|Diversity
|-
|2010
|Spelbound
|-
|2011
|Jai McDowell
|-
|2012
|Ashleigh Butler and her dog Pudsey
|-
|2013
|Attraction
|-
|2104
|Collabro
|-
|2015
|Jules O'Dwyer and her dog Matisse
|-
|2016
|Richard Jones
|-
|2017
|Tokio Myers
|-
|2018
|Lost Voice Guy
|-
|2019
|Colin Thackery
|-
|2020
|Jon Courtenay
|-
|2021
|Not held due to COVID-19
|-
|2022
|Alex Blake
|-
|2023
|Viggo Venn
|-
|2024
|Syndie Christmas
|-
|2025
|Harry Moulding
|}

== The Voice UK ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2012
|Leanne Mitchell
|-
|2013
|Andrea Begley
|-
|2014
|Jermain Jackman
|-
|2015
|Stevie McCrorie
|-
|2016
|Kevin Simm
|-
|2017
|Mo Adeniran
|-
|2018
|Ruti Olajugbagbe
|-
|2019
|Molly Hocking
|-
|2020
|Blessing Chitapa
|-
|2021
|Craig Eddie
|-
|2022
|Anthonia Edwards
|-
|2023
|Jen and Liv
|-
|2024
|AVA
|}

== Celebrity MasterChef ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2006
|Matt Dawson
|-
|2007
|Nadia Sawalha
|-
|2008
|Liz McClarnon
|-
|2009
|Jayne Middlemiss
|-
|2010
|Lisa Faulkner
|-
|2011
|Phil Vickery
|-
|2012
|Emma Kennedy
|-
|2013
|Adrian Edmondson
|-
|2104
|Sophie Thompson
|-
|2015
|Kimberly Wyatt
|-
|2016
|Alexis Conran
|-
|2017
|Angellica Bell
|-
|2018
|John Partridge
|-
|2019
|Greg Rutherford
|-
|2020
|Riyadh Khalaf
|-
|2021
|Kadeena Cox
|-
|2022
|Lisa Snowdon
|-
|2023
|Wynne Evans
|-
|2024
|Vito Coppola
|}

== The Great British Bake Off ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2010
|Edd Kimber
|-
|2011
|Joanne Wheatley
|-
|2012
|John Whaite
|-
|2013
|Frances Quinn
|-
|2014
|Nancy Birtwhistle
|-
|2015
|Nadiya Hussain
|-
|2016
|Candice Brown
|-
|2017
|Sophie Faldo
|-
|2018
|Rahul Mandal
|-
|2019
|David Atherton
|-
|2020
|Peter Sawkins
|-
|2021
|Giuseppe Dell'Anno
|-
|2022
|Syabira Yusoff
|-
|2023
|Matty Edgell
|-
|2024
|Georgie Grasso
|-
|2025
|Jasmine Mitchell
|}

== The Jump ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2014
|Joe McElderry
|-
|2015
|Joey Essex
|-
|2016
|Ben Cohen
|-
|2017
|Spencer Matthews
|}

== The Great British Sewing Bee ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2013
|Ann Rowley
|-
|2014
|Heather Jacks
|-
|2015
|Matt Chapple
|-
|2016
|Charlotte Newland
|-
|2019
|Juliet Uzor
|-
|2020
|Clare Bradley
|-
|2021
|Serena Baker
|-
|2022
|Annie Phillips
|-
|2023
|Asmaa Al-allak
|-
|2024
|Luke-Matthew Iveson
|-
|2025
|Caz
|}

== The Great Pottery Throw Down ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2015
|Matthew Wilcock
|-
|2017
|Ryan Barrett
|-
|2020
|Rosa Wiland Holmes
|-
|2021
|Jodie Neale
|-
|2022
|AJ Simpson
|-
|2023
|Lois Gunn
|-
|2024
|Donna Bloye
|-
|2025
|James Stanley Watson
|}

== RuPaul’s Drag Race UK ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2019
|The Vivienne
|-
|2021
|Lawrence Chaney
|-
|2021
|Krystal Versace
|-
|2022
|Danny Beard
|-
|2023
|Ginger Johnson
|-
|2024
|Kyran Thrax
|-
|2025
|Bones
|}

== Britain's Next Top Model ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2005
|Lucy Ratcliffe
|-
|2006
|Lianna Fowler
|-
|2007
|Lauren McEvoy
|-
|2008
|Alex Evans
|-
|2009
|Mecia Simson
|-
|2010
|Tiffany Pisani
|-
|2011
|Jade Thompson
|-
|2012
|Letitia Herod
|-
|2013
|Lauren Lambert
|-
|2016
|Chloe Keenan
|-
|2017
|Olivia Wardell
|-
|2017
|Ivy Watson
|}

== The Masked Singer ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2020
|Nicola Roberts as “Queen Bee”
|-
|2021
|Joss Stone as “Sausage”
|-
|2022
|Natalie Imbruglia as “Panda”
|-
|2023
|Charlie Simpson as “Rhino”
|-
|2024
|Danny Jones as "Piranha"
|-
|2025
|Samantha Banks as "Pufferfish"
|}

== The Masked Dancer ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2021
|Louis Smith as “Carwash”
|-
|2022
|Heather Morris as “Scissors”
|}

== The Traitors ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2022
|Aaron Evans, Hannah Byczkowski, and Meryl Williams
|-
|2024
|Harry Clark
|-
|2025
|Jake Brown and Leanne Quigley
|}

== The Celebrity Traitors ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2025
|Alan Carr
|}

Sport and Leisure/Chess

2025-12-02T12:12:29Z

QRNeditor: Brought up to date

== History ==
Lewis Chessmen (or Uig Chessmen, named after their find-site) are a group of 78 chess pieces from the 12th century most of which are carved in walrus ivory, discovered in 1831 on the Isle of Lewis. Displayed in British Museum

Philidor's book ''Analyse du jeu des Echecs'', written in 1749, was considered a standard chess manual for at least a century

The Turk was a hoax that purported to be a chess-playing machine. Constructed and unveiled in 1770 by the Austrian-Hungarian baron Wolfgang von Kempelen, the mechanism appeared to be able to play a strong game of chess against a human opponent

Staunton chess set – Nathaniel Cook is credited with the design, and they are named after Howard Staunton. This style of set was first made available by Jaques of London in 1849

The Immortal Game was a chess game played by Adolf Anderssen and Lionel Kieseritzky in 1851 in London. The very bold sacrifices made by Anderssen to finally secure victory have made it one of the most famous chess games of all time

First World Championship chess match won by William Steinitz, in 1886

Capablanca was the first player to be recognized by FIDE as world champion, in 1925

The Women's World Championship was established by FIDE in 1927 as a single tournament held alongside the Chess Olympiad

In 1968, International Master David Levy made a famous bet that no chess computer would be able to beat him within ten years. He won his bet in 1978 by beating Chess 4.7 (the strongest computer at the time), but acknowledged then that it would not be long before he would be surpassed. In 1989, Levy was crushed by the computer Deep Thought in an exhibition match

From 1948 to 1993, the championship was administered by FIDE, the world chess federation. In 1993, the reigning champion (Garry Kasparov) broke away from FIDE, leading to the creation of two rival championships. This situation remained until 2006, when the title was unified at the World Chess Championship 2006

The Elo rating system is a method for calculating the relative skill levels of players in two-player games such as chess and Go. It is named after the system’s creator, Arpad Elo, a Hungarian-born physics professor. Elo's system was adopted by the World Chess Federation in 1970

World Computer Chess Championship (WCCC) was first held in Sweden in 1974, and was won by Kaissa. Junior won in 2013 for the sixth time

From 1985 the World Team Chess Championship was held every four years, since 2011 every two years. Since 2007 there is a separate championship for women teams, which is also held every two years

Deep Blue was a chess-playing computer developed by IBM. In 1997, the machine defeated world champion Garry Kasparov

In 2006 Deep Fritz beat Vladimir Kramnik

Kirsan Ilyumzhinov, the former President of Kalmykia, is head of FIDE

== Chess pieces ==
{| class="wikitable"
|Name
|Symbol
|Value
|-
|King
|K
|Infinite
|-
|Queen
|Q
|9
|-
|Rook
|R
|5
|-
|Bishop
|B
|3
|-
|Knight
|N
|3
|-
|Pawn
|P
|1
|}

== Chess notation symbols ==
{| class="wikitable"
|x
|Capture
|-
|<nowiki>+</nowiki>
|Check
|-
|#
|Checkmate
|-
|0-0
|Kingside castling
|-
|0-0-0
|Queenside castling
|-
|!
|Good move
|-
|!!
|Outstanding move
|-
|?
|Bad move
|-
|??
|Blunder
|-
|?!
|Dubious move
|-
|!?
|Interesting move
|-
|1-0
|White wins
|-
|0-1
|Black wins
|-
|½ - ½
|Draw
|}

== Terms ==
Armageddon – a game which White must win to win the match, but which Black only needs to draw to win the match. White has more time than Black

Elephant – forerunner of the bishop

En Prise – chess piece that can be taken

Fianchetto – a pattern of development wherein a bishop is developed to the second rank of the adjacent knight file, the knight pawn having been moved one or two squares forward

Fool’s mate – 1. f3 e5 2. g4 Qh4

J’adoube (I adjust) – to adjust the position of a chess piece on its square without being required to move it

Scholar’s mate – a four-move checkmate

Sicilian Defence – 1. e4 c5

Zugzwang – when a player is put at a disadvantage by having to make a move; where any legal move weakens the position

== Male players ==
'''Louis-Charles Mahé de La Bourdonnais''' (1795–1840) was a French chess master, possibly the strongest player in the early 19th century. La Bourdonnais was considered to be the unofficial World Chess Champion from 1821 until his death in 1840. The most famous match series, indeed considered as the world championship, was the series against Alexander McDonnell in 1834

'''Howard Staunton''' (1810–1874) was an English chess master who is generally regarded as having been the world's strongest player from 1843 to 1851, largely as a result of his 1843 victory over Saint-Amant. He promoted a chess set of clearly distinguishable pieces of standardized shape (Staunton pattern) that is still the style required for competitions. He was the principal organizer of the first international chess tournament in 1851

'''Adolf Anderssen''' (1818–1879) was a German chess master. He is considered to have been the world's leading chess player in the 1850s and 1860s. He was ‘dethroned’ temporarily in 1858 by Paul Morphy

'''Paul Morphy''' (1837–1884) was an American chess player. He is considered to have been the greatest chess master of his era and an unofficial World Chess Champion in 1858. Morphy retired from chess in 1859

'''Wilhelm''' (later '''William''') '''Steinitz''' (1836–1900) was an Austrian and then American chess player and the first undisputed world chess champion from 1886 to 1894. Steinitz lost his title to Emanuel Lasker in 1894 and also lost a rematch in 1897

'''Aron Nimzowitsch''' (1886–1935) was a Russian-born Danish unofficial chess grandmaster and an influential chess writer

'''Emanuel Lasker''' (1868–1941) was a German chess player, mathematician, and philosopher who was World Chess Champion for 27 years (1894–1921). In his prime Lasker was one of the most dominant champions, and he is still generally regarded as one of the strongest players ever

Emanuel Lasker invented a draughts-like game in 1911

'''Jose Raul Capablanca''' (1888–1942) was a Cuban chess player who was world chess champion from 1921 to 1927. Due to his achievements in the chess world, mastery over the board and his relatively simple style of play he was nicknamed the ‘Human Chess Machine’

'''Alexander Alekhine''' (1892–1946) he became the fourth World Chess Champion in 1927 by defeating Capablanca, widely considered invincible, in what would stand as the longest chess championship match held until 1985. He was defeated by Euwe in 1935, but regained his crown in the 1937 rematch

'''Max Euwe''' (1901–1981) was a Dutch chess Grandmaster, mathematician, and author. He was the fifth player to become World Chess Champion (1935 – 1937). Euwe also served as President of FIDE, the World Chess Federation, from 1970 to 1978

'''Mikhail Botvinnik''' (1911–1995) was a Soviet International Grandmaster and three-time World Chess Champion (1948–1957, 1958–1960, 1961–1963). Working as an electrical engineer and computer scientist at the same time, he was one of the very few famous chess players who achieved distinction in another career while playing top-class competitive chess

'''Vasily Smyslov''' (1921–2010) was a Soviet and Russian chess grandmaster, and was World Chess Champion from 1957 to 1958

'''Mikhail Tal''' (1936–1992) was a Soviet–Latvian chess player, a Grandmaster, and the eighth World Chess Champion, from 1960 to 1961. He holds the records for both the first and second longest unbeaten streaks in competitive chess history. Many authorities consider him to have been the greatest attacking Grandmaster in the history of chess

'''Tigran Petrosian''' (1929–1984) was a Soviet-Armenian grandmaster born in Tbilisi, and World Chess Champion from 1963 to 1969. He was nicknamed ‘Iron Tigran’ due to his playing style because of his almost impenetrable defence, which emphasized safety above all else

'''Victor Korchnoi''' (1931-2016) played three matches against Anatoly Karpov, the latter two for the World Chess Championship. In 1974, he lost the Candidates final to Karpov, who was declared world champion in 1975 when Bobby Fischer failed to defend his title. Then, after defecting from the Soviet Union in 1976, he won consecutive Candidates cycles to qualify for World Championship matches with Karpov in 1978 and 1981, losing both

'''Nigel Short''' (born 1965) was ranked third in the world, from January 1988 – July 1989 and in 1993, he challenged Garry Kasparov for the World Chess Championship, in London

'''Boris Spassky''' (born 1937) is a Soviet-French chess grandmaster. Spassky defeated Tigran Petrosian in 1969 to become World Champion, then lost the title in the Fischer–Spassky match in 1972

'''Bobby Fischer''' (1943–2008) captured the World Championship from Boris Spassky of the USSR in a match held in Reykjavík in 1972. In 1975, Fischer declined to defend his title when he could not come to agreement with FIDE over the conditions for the match. After ending his competitive career, he proposed a new variant of chess and a modified chess timing system: His idea of adding a time increment after each move is now standard

The Game of the Century refers to a game played between Donald Byrne and 13-year-old Bobby Fischer in the Rosenwald Memorial Tournament in New York City in 1956, which Fischer won

In 1977, Bobby Fischer played three games in Cambridge against the MIT Greenblatt computer program. Fischer won all the games

Bobby Fischer was involved with the Worldwide Church of God and died in Iceland

'''Tony Miles''' (1955-2001) was the first British-born chess grandmaster

'''Raymond Keene''' (born 1948) was the second British-born chess grandmaster. He has been chess correspondent of ''The Times'' since 1985, and has written over 100 books on chess

'''Anatoly Karpov''' (born 1951) was the official world champion from 1975 to 1985 when he was defeated by Garry Kasparov. He played three matches against Kasparov for the title from 1986 to 1990, before becoming FIDE World Champion once again after Kasparov broke away from FIDE in 1993. He held the title until 1999, when he resigned his title in protest against FIDE's new world championship rules

'''Garry Kasparov''' (born 1963) became the youngest ever undisputed World Chess Champion in 1985 at the age of 22. He held the official FIDE world title until 1993, when a dispute with FIDE led him to set up a rival organization, the Professional Chess Association. He continued to hold the "Classical" World Chess Championship until his defeat by Vladimir Kramnik in 2000. He is also widely known for being the first world chess champion to lose a match to a computer under standard time controls, when he lost to Deep Blue in 1997. He was the world No. 1 ranked player for 255 months

'''Vladimir Kramnik''' (born 1975) was the Classical World Chess Champion from 2000 to 2006, and the undisputed World Chess Champion from 2006 to 2007. In 2006, Kramnik, the Classical World Champion, defeated reigning FIDE World Champion Veselin Topalov in a unification match, the World Chess Championship 2006. As a result Kramnik became the first undisputed World Champion, holding both the FIDE and Classical titles, since Kasparov split from FIDE in 1993. In 2007, Kramnik lost the title to Viswanathan Anand

'''Veselin Topalov''' (born 1975) from Bulgaria won the FIDE World Chess Championship in 2005. Ranked number one for a total of 27 months

'''Viswanathan Anand''' (born 1969) from India held the FIDE World Chess Championship from 2000 to 2002, at a time when the world title was split. He became the undisputed World Champion in 2007 and defended his title against Vladimir Kramnik in 2008. He then successfully defended his title in the World Chess Championship 2010 against Veselin Topalov. As the reigning champion, he defeated Boris Gelfand, the winner of the Candidates Tournament, for the World Chess Championship 2012

'''Sergey Karjakin''' (born 1990) is a Russian (formerly Ukrainian) grandmaster. He was a chess prodigy and holds the record for both the youngest International Master, 11 years and 11 months, and grandmaster in history, at the age of 12 years and 7 months. In September 2011 he had an Elo rating of 2772, making him Russia's second best chess player, and the fifth in the world

'''Magnus Carlsen''' (born 1990) is a Norwegian chess Grandmaster and chess prodigy who is currently the number-one ranked player in the world. His peak rating is 2882, the highest in history. In 2004 Carlsen became a Grandmaster at the age of 13, making him the third-youngest Grandmaster in history. In 2010, at the age of 19 years, he became the youngest chess player in history to be ranked world number one, breaking the record previously held by Vladimir Kramnik. Magnus Carlsen faced Anand in the World Chess Championship 2013 in Chennai. Carlsen won the match 6½–3½. Carlsen retained the title against Sergey Karjakin in 2016, Fabiano Caruana in 2018, and Ian Nepomniachtchi in 2021. He refused to defend the title in 2023. Carlsen has accused Hans Niemann of cheating, leading to Niemann filing a $100 million defamation lawsuit against Carlsen, which was dismissed by a federal judge in 2023

'''Ding Liren''' (born 1992) came second in the Candidates Tournament 2022: this qualified him for the World Chess Championship 2023 against Ian Nepomniachtchi, as Carlsen declined to defend his title. Ding won, making him World Chess Champion, by defeating Nepomniachtchi 2½ to 1½ in the rapid tie breaks after their 7-7 tie in classical chess

'''Gukesh Dommaraju''' (born 2006) became the youngest winner of the Candidates Tournament and successfully challenged Ding Liren in the World Chess Championship in 2024, becoming the youngest undisputed world champion, at the age of 18 years

== Female players ==
'''Vera Menchik''' (1906–1944) was a British-Czech chess player who gained renown as the world's first women's chess champion. She also competed in chess tournaments with some of the world's leading male chess masters, defeating many of them, including future World Champion Max Euwe. The daughter of a Czech father and British mother, Vera Menchik was born in Moscow but, in the aftermath of World War I and the Russian Revolution, moved with her family to England in 1921. She won the first Women's World Championship in 1927 and successfully defended her title six times. She was killed in a V-1 rocket bombing raid in Clapham in 1944

'''Lyudmila Rudenko''' (1904–1986) was a Soviet chess player and the second Women's World Chess Champion from 1950 until 1953

'''Elisabeth Bykova''' (1913–1989) was a Soviet chess player and the third and fifth Women's World Chess Champion, from 1953 until 1956, and again from 1958 to 1962

'''Xie Jun''' (born 1970) from China was Women's World Chess Champion from 1991 to 1996 and again from 1999 to 2001

'''Susan Polgar''' (born 1969), often known as '''Zsuzsa Polgar''', was the Women's World Chess Champion from 1996 to 1999. She was also the first woman in history to break the gender barrier by qualifying for the 1986 Men's World Championship

'''Judit Polgar''' (born 1976) is a Hungarian chess grandmaster. She is by far the strongest female chess player in history. In 1991, Polgar achieved the title of Grandmaster at the age of 15 years, the youngest person ever to do so at that time. Polgar was ranked No. 35 in the world on the November 2011 FIDE rating list with an Elo rating of 2710. She is the only female player to have won a game against a Men's World champion

'''Sofia Polgar''' (born 1974) is an International Master and Woman Grandmaster, and is the middle sister of Grandmasters Susan and Judit Polgar

'''Alexandra Kosteniuk''' (born 1984) is a Russian chess Grandmaster and was Women's World Chess Champion from 2008 to 2010

'''Hou Yifan''' (born 1994) won the Women's World Chess Championship 2010 in Hatay, Turkey, making her the youngest women's world champion in history, aged 16. She defended her title by defeating Indian GM Koneru Humpy in 2011, and regained the title in 2013

'''Anna Ushenina''' (born 1985) from Ukraine won the Women's World Chess Championship 2012, which was a knockout tournament for the first time

'''Ju Wenjun''' (born 1991) from China has won five consecutive Women's World Chess Championships held between 2018 and 2025

Sport and Leisure/Toys and Games

2025-12-02T11:57:42Z

QRNeditor: Added winner of 2025 Spiel des Jahres

== Card games ==
Playing cards were invented in imperial China. They were found in China as early as the 9th century during the Tang Dynasty

Right-facing playing cards – Jack of Clubs, Jack/Queen/King of Spades

King of Hearts does not have a moustache

King of Diamonds has an axe behind his left shoulder

Queens in a pack of cards hold flowers

Nine of Diamonds is known as the ‘curse of Scotland’

Ace of spades is also known as the ‘death card’

Ace of spades used to show the tax on a set of playing cards

Swiss playing cards – acorns, bells, flowers and shields

German playing cards – acorns, bells, hearts and leaves

'''Tarot''' – a set of cards featuring 21 trump cards, the fool, and an extra face card per suit, in addition to the usual suit (face and pip) cards found in ordinary playing cards. Tarot cards came to be utilized primarily for divinatory purposes with the trump cards along with the fool card comprising the 22 major arcana cards and the pip and four face cards the 56 minor arcana. 78 cards in total. The traditional Italian tarot suits are swords, batons/wands, coins and cups
[[File:Poker hands.svg|none|thumb]]
Ranking of '''poker''' hands –

1.Straight flush – five cards in sequence, all of the same suit

2.Four of a kind – four cards of one rank and an unmatched card of another rank

3.Full house – three matching cards of one rank and two matching cards of another rank

4.Flush – all five cards are of the same suit

5.Straight – five cards of sequential rank

6.Three of a kind – three cards of the same rank, plus two unmatched cards

7.Two pair – two cards of the same rank, plus two cards of another rank (that match each other but not the first pair), plus one unmatched card

8.One pair – two cards of the same rank, plus three other unmatched cards

9.High card – highest card

Odds of a royal flush (an ace-high straight flush) are 649,739:1

Blaze is a poker hand consisting of five face cards

World Series of Poker is a series of poker tournaments held annually in Las Vegas and, since 2005, sponsored by Caesars Entertainment

World Series of Poker (WSOP) bracelet is considered the most coveted non-monetary prize a poker player can win

Community card poker refers to any game of poker that uses community cards (also called ‘shared cards’ or ‘window cards’), which are cards dealt face up in the centre of the table and shared by all players

Omaha hold 'em is a poker game similar to Texas hold 'em, where each player is dealt four cards and must make his best hand using exactly two of them, plus exactly three of the five community cards

Pineapple hold 'em exists halfway between Texas hold 'em and Omaha hold 'em. Players are initially dealt three cards. Each player then discards one of the three cards, and the game proceeds exactly as in Texas hold 'em

Poker players – Dave ‘The Devilfish’ Ulliott, Phil ‘The Unabomber’ Laak

Thomas Preston was a poker player known as Amarillo Slim

'''Whist''' is a classic English trick-taking card game which was widely played in the 18th and 19th centuries. Bridge is a development of whist

'''Duplicate bridge''' is the most widely used variation of contract bridge in club and tournament play. It is called duplicate because the same bridge deal is played at each table and scoring is based on relative performance

'''Rubber bridge''' is a form of contract bridge, played by two competing teams of two players each. A rubber is a best-of-three competition which is completed when one team is first to win two games. A team wins a game when it is first to score 100 or more contract points

Yarborough is a hand with no card higher than a nine

A '''pinochle''' deck consists of two copies of each of the Ace through 9 cards of all four suits, for 48 cards per deck. Aces are considered high. Pinochle follows a nonstandard card ordering. The complete ordering from highest to lowest is A, 10, K, Q, J, 9

In '''Baccarat''', cards 2 to 9 are worth face value, 10s and face cards (J, Q, K) are worth zero, and Aces are worth 1 point. Baccarat is a simple game with only three possible results – 'Player', 'Banker' and 'Tie'

Players attempt to score nine (known as ‘le grande’) in Baccarat

The '''piquet''' deck is a subset of the French-suited 52-card deck, with all values from 2 through 6 in each suit removed

A two-handed '''bezique''' deck is a 64-card deck, consisting of ace through 7 of each suit twice (two piquet decks)

'''Cribbage''' was invented by poet John Suckling

Cribbage is played to 121 points. The highest possible hand score is 29

Pegging, two for his heels, one for his nob, muggins, skunking – terms used in cribbage

'''Euchre''' is played with four people in two partnerships with a deck of 24 standard playing cards. It is the game responsible for introducing the joker into modern packs

'''Skat''' is a trick-taking card game for three players

In Germany, Doppelkopf is nearly as popular as Skat. Trick-taking card game for four players

'''Pelmanism''' is a card game in which all of the cards are laid face down on a surface and two cards are flipped face up over each turn. The object of the game is to turn over pairs of matching cards. Also known as Pairs

'''Patience''' (UK) also known as Solitaire (US)

Klondike, Sultan, Miss Milligan, Clock – types of Patience

'''Top Trumps''' is a card game whereby the aim is collect all the cards in the pack. Each card in the pack describes an item from a selected theme, such as cars or aircraft

'''Canasta''' uses two complete decks of 52 playing cards plus the four jokers

'''Blackjack''', also known as '''twenty-one''', is the most widely played casino banking game in the world

Pontoon is the British variant of blackjack

Royal pontoon – Ace and court card of the same suit (or three sevens)

The objective in '''gin rummy''' is to score points and reach an agreed number of points or more, usually 100, before the opponent does. The basic game strategy is to improve one's hand by forming melds and eliminating deadwood

Misere is call by a player who is bidding to win no tricks

== Board games ==
'''Abalone''' is a two-player strategy board game. The objective is to push six of the opponent's marbles off the edge of the board

'''Backgammon''' was first played 5,000 years ago
[[File:BackgammonBoard.svg|none|thumb]]
Each side of a backgammon board has a track of 12 long triangles, called points. The points are considered to be connected across one edge of the board, forming a continuous track in the shape of a horseshoe, and are numbered from 1 to 24. Players begin with two checkers on their 24-point, three checkers on their 8-point, and five checkers each on their 13-point and their 6-point

Tric-tric is another name for backgammon

Edmund Hoyle published ''A Short Treatise on the Game of Back-Gammon'' in 1743

'''Candy Land''' is a simple racing board game. It has become a cultural icon in the U.S., where it is often the first board game played by children because it requires no ability to read and only minimal counting skills

'''Chinese checkers''' is a variety of ''Halma''

'''Cluedo''' was invented by Anthony Pratt in 1947

''Cluedo: Discover the Secrets'' was released in 2008. The six suspects from the original crime have been updated to include first names and more modern-day lifestyles. Each character has a special ability or ‘power’ which can be used once during a game

'''Go''' originated in ancient China more than 2,500 years ago

The two players alternately place black and white playing pieces, called ‘stones’, on the vacant intersections (‘points’) of a board with a 19x19 grid of lines

''Hex'' is a similar game to ''Go'' and was invented by John Nash

'''Halma''' (from the Greek word meaning ‘jump’) is a board game invented in 1884 by an American plastic surgeon at Harvard Medical School, George Howard Monks. The goal of the game is to transfer all of one's pieces from one's own camp into the camp in the opposing corner of the 16x16 board

'''Ludo''' (from Latin ludus, ‘game’) is a simplification of the traditional Indian Cross and Circle game '''''Pachisi'''''. It originally appeared in 1896. The game was patented in England

''Parcheesi'' is an American adaptation of ''Pachisi''

'''Mancala''' is a family of board games played around the world, sometimes called sowing games or count and capture games, which comes from the general gameplay. Mancala games play a role in many African and some Asian societies comparable to that of chess in the West. The mancala games best known in the Western world are ''Kalah'', ''Oware'' (or ''Awele''), ''Congklak'', ''Omweso'', and ''Bao''

'''Monopoly''' was invented by Charles B. Darrow in 1933

Best ''Monopoly'' strategy – buy orange properties, ignore utilities

''Monopoly'' rentals – site only £2, house on Old Kent Road £10; site only £50, hotel on Mayfair £2000

On a ''Monopoly'' board, there are three Chance and three Community Chest squares

Electric Company – only property that includes all the letters of the word Monopoly

''Here and Now'' – limited 70th anniversary edition of ''Monopoly'', brought up to date. Played with Visa credit cards. Cheapest property – Bishopsgate (£600,000), most expensive property – Kensington Palace Gardens (£4,000,000). Airports instead of stations. Playing pieces include a skateboard and mobile phone

The history of the board game ''Monopoly'' can be traced back to the early 1900s. Based on original designs by the American Elizabeth Magie, several board games were developed from 1903 through the 1930s that involved the buying and selling of land and the development of that land. The first game was called ''The Landlord’s Game''

The character locked behind the bars is called Jake the Jailbird. Officer Edgar Mallory sent him to jail

The ''Monopoly'' games mascot, Rich Uncle Pennybags, is intended to be a representation of the late financier, J. P. Morgan. However the monopoly game mascot is now called Mr. Monopoly

US ''Monopoly'' – based on Atlantic City. Most expensive property – Boardwalk, cheapest property – Mediterranean Avenue

''Anti-Monopoly'' is a board game made by San Francisco State University Professor Ralph Anspach in 1973, in response to ''Monopoly''. Players compete to return the state of the board to a free market system

The first Monopoly World Championships took place in New York, in 1973

'''Risk''' was invented by Albert Lamorisse and released in 1957 as ''The Conquest of the World''. The standard version is played on a board depicting a political map of the Earth, divided into 42 territories, which are grouped into six continents

''Castle Risk'' is a version of ''Risk'' that is played on a map of Europe

'''Senet''', a board game from predynastic and ancient Egypt, is the oldest board game whose ancient existence has been confirmed, dating to c. 3500 BC

'''Shogi''' is a Japanese board game played by two players. The object of the game is to capture the opponent's King. It is played on a nine-by-nine board. The vertical rows are called files, the horizontal ones ranks or just rows. Each player has twenty pieces: one King, two Gold Generals, two Silver Generals, two Knights, two Lances, one Rook, one Bishop and nine Pawns

'''Snakes and Ladders''' is an ancient Indian board game. The most widely known edition of Snakes and Ladders in the United States is ''Chutes and Ladders'' from Milton Bradley

'''Sorry!''' is a Cross and Circle board game that is based on ''Pachisi''

'''Stratego''' is originally a Dutch board game featuring a 10x10 square board and two players with 40 pieces each. Pieces represent individual officers and soldiers in an army. The objective of the game is to either find and capture the opponent's Flag or to capture so many of the opponent's pieces that he/she cannot make any further moves

'''The Game of Life''' is a board game originally created in 1860 by Milton Bradley. The game simulates a person's travels through his or her life, from college to retirement, with jobs, marriages and children (or not) along the way

'''Totopoly''' is a commercial board game, based on the events leading up to, and during, a horse race. Originally made in 1938 by Waddingtons

'''Trivial Pursuit''' was created by Scott Abbott and Chris Haney. Released in 1982. Owned by Hasbro

In the classic version of ''Trivial Pursuit'', the ''Genus'' edition, the six categories are Geography (blue), Entertainment (pink), History (yellow), Arts & Literature (brown), Science & Nature (green), and Sports & Leisure (orange)

'''Trouble''' is a board game in which players compete to be the first to send four pieces all the way around a board. It is a variant of ''Frustration''

=== German-style board games ===
German-style board games, frequently referred to in gaming circles as Euro Games or Euro-style, are a broad class of tabletop games that generally have simple rules, short to medium playing times, indirect player interaction and abstract physical components. The games emphasize strategy, play down luck and conflict, lean towards economic rather than military themes, and usually keep all the players in the game until it ends. German-style games are sometimes contrasted with American-style games, which generally involve more luck, conflict, and drama

'''Agricola''' was created by Uwe Rosenberg and published by Lookout Games. Players are farmers who sow, plough the fields, collect wood, build stables, buy animals, expand their farms and feed their families. The goal of the game is to build the most well-balanced farm at the end of 14 rounds

'''Carcassonne''' is based on the walled French city of the same name. The game is all about building a mediaeval landscape and populating it. The game invites players to dispute for power in a mediaeval scenario where you win by controlling more pieces of land and important landmarks than the other players. Designed by Klaus-Jürgen Wrede

'''El Grande''' has a game board that represents renaissance-era Spain where the nobility (the Grandes) fight for control of the nine regions

'''Imperial''' is a game in which the object is to accumulate wealth in the form of bond holdings in successful countries and cash. Players take on the role of international financiers who purchase government bonds in the six pre-World War I empires

'''Puerto Rico''' is a game where players assume the roles of colonial governors on the island of Puerto Rico during the age of Caribbean ascendancy. It was the highest-rated game on the board game website BoardGameGeek for over five years, until it was surpassed by ''Agricola''

'''The Settlers of Catan''' is a multiplayer game where players take on the roles of settlers, each attempting to build and develop holdings while trading and acquiring resources. Players gain victory points as their settlements grow and the first to reach a set number of victory points. Designed by Klaus Teuber

'''Ticket to Ride''' is a railway-themed game played by completing routes between two cities that are on destination ticket cards drawn from a deck. To complete these routes players will need to lay carriages, connecting various other cities together along the way. Designed by Alan R. Moon

=== Spiel des Jahres ===
'''Spiel des Jahres''' (Game of the Year) is an award for board and card games, created in Germany in 1978

List of Winners
{| class="wikitable"
|Year
|Game
|Notes
|-
|1979
|''Hare and Tortoise''
|Strategic race game based on Aesop's fable ''The Tortoise and the Hare''
|-
|1980
|''Rummikub''
|A tile-based game combining elements of the card game rummy and mahjong. There are 106 tiles in the game, including 104 numbered tiles and two jokers. Invented by Ephraim Hertzano, a Romanian-born Jew, who emigrated to Israel after World War II
|-
|1981
|''Focus''
|Two to four players move stacks of one to five pieces around a checkerboard with the three squares in each corner removed
|-
|1082
|''Enchanted Forest''
|Board game that requires players to remember the locations of fairytale treasures
|-
|1983
|''Scotland Yard''
|A team of players controlling different detectives cooperating to track down a player controlling a criminal as they move around a board representing the streets of London
|-
|1984
|''Railway Rivals''
|Each player is a railway owner, striving to build track in order to join up cities
|-
|1985
|''Sherlock Holmes: Consulting Detective''
|For each case, the player reads a brief introduction, then decides where to look for clues, and consults a booklet telling what clues are found at that location
|-
|1986
|''Top Secret Spies''
|The object of the game is to score the most points, while not revealing which colour you are until the end
|-
|1987
|''Auf Achse''
|Logistics-themed board game. Translation is “on the axle”
|-
|1988
|''Barbarossa''
|Players create plasticine sculptures of objects
|-
|1989
|''Café International''
|Tile-laying board game
|-
|1990
|''Adel Verpflichtet''
|The players collectively wager which one of them can acquire the most expensive collection of objets d'art in one day. Also known as ''Hoity Toity''
|-
|1991
|''Drunter und Drüber''
|Players take on the role of the people of Schilda and work to build a new town after they burned down their old one. Translation is “under and over”
|-
|1992
|''Um Reifenbreite''
|Bicycle racing themed board game. Translation is “tyre width”
|-
|1993
|''Call my Bluff''
|Variant of the dice game ''liar’s dice''
|-
|1994
|''Manhattan''
|Players aim to construct and control skyscrapers that will award points
|-
|1995
|''The Settlers of Catan''
|See German-style board games (above)
|-
|1996
|''El Grande''
|See German-style board games (above)
|-
|1997
|''Mississippi Queen''
|Simulates a paddlewheel race down the Mississippi River in 1871
|-
|1998
|''Elfenland''
|Players (elves) try to reach as many cities as possible and then return to their home city
|-
|1999
|''Tikal''
|Set in a Central American jungle, players aim to discover artifacts
|-
|2000
|''Torres''
|Game play revolves around constructing an abstract set of castles set on a grid
|-
|2001
|''Carcassonne''
|See German-style board games (above)
|-
|2002
|''Villa Paletti''
|Players compete to build the villa highest using columns from lower floors without collapsing the structure
|-
|2003
|''Alhambra''
|Players trade currencies and place tiles to build an Alhambra palace
|-
|2004
|''Ticket to Ride''
|See German-style board games (above)
|-
|2005
|''Niagara''
|Set in the Niagara Falls, players collect, transport, and steal gems
|-
|2006
|''Thurn und Taxis''
|Players seek to build postal networks and post offices in Bavaria, as did the house of Thurn und Taxis in the 16th century
|-
|2007
|''Zooloretto''
|Each player is the owner of a zoo, and must collect animals in order to attract visitors to their zoo
|-
|2008
|''Keitis''
|The objective of the game is to mount profitable expeditions to one or more of the five lost cities
|-
|2009
|''Dominion''
|The first deck-building game. Each player begins with a small deck of cards, which they improve by purchasing cards from a common supply that varies from game to game
|-
|2010
|''Dixit''
|Using a set of cards illustrated with dreamlike images, players select cards that match a title suggested by the designated storyteller player, and attempt to guess which card the storyteller selected
|-
|2011
|''Quirkle''
|Each set comes with 108 square-shaped tiles. The tiles have a black background, and have a shape printed onto each tile. Each tile is differentiated by its shape and color. Altogether, there are 6 shapes and 6 colours. Players make chains, analogous to words in ''Scrabble''
|-
|2012
|''Kingdom Builder''
|A construction game in which each player creates a kingdom by placing settlers' houses in various locations
|-
|2013
|''Hanabi''
|Players are aware of other players' cards but not their own, and attempt to play a series of cards in a specific order to set off a simulated fireworks show
|-
|2014
|''Camel Up''
|Bets are placed on a camel race in the desert; the player who wins the most money is the winner of the game
|-
|2015
|''Colt Express''
|Players represent bandits robbing a train at the same time; the goal is to become the richest outlaw of the Old West
|-
|2016
|''Codenames''
|A party card game in which players are split into two teams and guess words based on clues from their teammates
|-
|2017
|''Kingdomino''
|Players build a five-by-five kingdom of oversized domino-like tiles, making sure as they place each tile that one of its sides connects to a matching terrain type already in play
|-
|2018
|''Azul''
|Players collect sets of similarly coloured tiles which they place on their player board. Azul is Portuguese for “blue”
|-
|2019
|''Just One''
|Party game in which players write down a one word clue for the round's guesser, who must figure out the secret word for the round
|-
|2020
|''Pictures''
|Players embark on a creative journey to recreate artsy pictures using an assortment of peculiar components
|-
|2021
|''MicroMacro: Crime City''
|Hidden object game where players cooperate to solve criminal cases
|-
|2022
|''Cascadia''
|Set in the Cascadia region of the Pacific Northwest of the US, players draft and add habitat tokens and matching wildlife tokens to score victory points based on various scoring conditions
|-
|2023
|''Dorfromantik''
|In the game, players need to place hexagonal tiles of various biomes to create an idyllic landscape. Adapted from a video game of the same name
|-
|2024
|''Sky Team''
|Players work together as a pilot and co-pilot to navigate a commercial airliner through various landing scenarios
|-
|2025
|''Bomb Busters''
|Cooperative deduction game for a stalwart team of bomb disposal experts ready to face 66 escalating explosive challenges
|}

'''Kennespiel (Connoisseurs' Game) of the year'''

First awarded in 2011. Winner include –
{| class="wikitable"
|2019
|''Wingspan''
|Players compete to attract birds to their wildlife reserves. Designed by Elizabeth Hargrave
|-
|2024
|''Daybreak''
|Players must contend with events exacerbated by Earth's rising temperature. The game models the technological and political response to climate change
|}

'''Special awards'''

Winners include –
{| class="wikitable"
|1980
|''Rubik’s Cube''
|Invented in 1974 by Hungarian sculptor and professor of architecture Ernő Rubik
|-
|2001
|''Lord of the Rings''
|Game play is centered on advancement through a series of scenarios corresponding to the adventures of the books. Designed by Reiner Knizia
|-
|2008
|''Agricola''
|See German-style board games (above)
|-
|2018
|''Pandemic Legacy: Season 2''
|Spinoff from ''Pandemic'', that is based on the premise that four diseases have broken out in the world, each threatening to wipe out a region
|}

== Other games and puzzles ==
Tile-based games

'''Dominoes''' – the earliest mention of dominoes is from Song Dynasty China

The traditional domino set consists of 28 dominoes, which have a total of 168 dots

'''Mahjong''' is played with a set of 144 tiles. In most variations, each player begins by receiving 13 tiles. In turn players draw and discard tiles until they complete a legal hand using the 14th drawn tile to form four groups (melds) and a pair (head). There are two different honour suits: the winds and the dragons (red, green, and white)

''Mahjong'' – Chinese for ‘sparrow’

'''Qwirkle''' shares some characteristics with the games ''Rummikub'' and ''Scrabble''

'''Rummikub''' was invented by Ephraim Hertzano, a Romanian-born Jew, who immigrated to Mandate Palestine in the early 1930s. The game combines elements of rummy, dominoes, mahjong and chess

'''Scrabble''' was invented by Alfred Butts in 1931

''Lexico'', ''Criss-Cross Words'' – forerunners of ''Scrabble''

Scrabble board is divided into a 15×15 grid of squares. In an English-language set, the game contains 100 tiles. Players have seven tiles

SOWPODS is a term used to refer to the word list used in tournament ''Scrabble'' in most countries

‘Twelve’ is the only number equal to its score in Scrabble

In the Polish version of Scrabble, Z score one point

Puzzles

'''Eternity''' is a tiling puzzle created by Christopher Monckton and launched by the Ertl Company in 1999. Consisting of 209 pieces, it was marketed as being practically unsolvable, with a £1 million prize on offer for whoever could solve it within four years. The prize was paid out in 2000 for a winning solution arrived at by two mathematicians from Cambridge

'''Futoshiki''' is a logic puzzle game from Japan. Its name means ‘inequality’. The objective is to place the numbers 1 to 5 (or whatever the dimensions are) such that each row, and column contains each of the digits 1 to 5. Some digits may be given at the start. In addition, inequality constraints are also initially specified between some of the squares

'''Jigsaw''' puzzle made by John Spilsbury in 1766

'''Kakuro''' is a ''Sudoku'' type puzzle, aka ''Cross Sums''

'''KenKen''' is a ''Sudoku'' type puzzle, where grids are divided into ‘cages’. ''KenKen'' translates as ‘square wisdom’

'''Rubik’s Magic''' – the goal of the game is to fold the puzzle into a heart-like shape and unscramble the picture on the back side, thus interconnecting the three rings

'''Sudoku''' was originally called '''''Number Place'''''. Numbers in a ''Sudoku'' puzzle add up to 405

'''Tangram''' is a dissection puzzle consisting of seven flat shapes, called tans, which are put together to form shapes. The objective of the puzzle is to form a specific shape (given only an outline or silhouette) using all seven pieces, which may not overlap

'''Tredoku''' is a Sudoku that appears to exist in three dimensions

Word games

'''Pictionary''' is a guessing word game invented by Robert Angel with graphic design by Gary Everson and first published in 1985. The game is played with teams with players trying to identify specific words from their teammates' drawings

Dice games

'''Poker dice''' are dice which, instead of having number pips, have representations of playing cards upon them. Poker dice have six sides, one each of an Ace, King, Queen, Jack, ten and nine, and are used to form a poker hand

'''Yahtzee''' is made by Milton Bradley (now owned by Hasbro), which was first marketed by game entrepreneur Edwin S. Lowe in 1956. The object of the game is to score the most points by rolling five dice to make certain combinations

Snake Eyes – two 1’s in dice

Role-playing games

Gary Gygax, the author of '''Dungeons & Dragons''' (D&D), co-created with Dave Arneson and co-published with Don Kaye in 1974 under the company Tactical Studies Rules (TSR), which was bought by Wizards of the Coast

Avalon Hill is now a division of the game company Wizards of the Coast, which is itself a subsidiary of Hasbro

Wizards of the Coast produce ''Magic: The Gathering'' and ''Pokemon Trading Card Game''

Traditional games

World '''conker''' championships held annually at Ashton, in Northants

World '''marbles''' championships held at Tinsley Green in West Sussex every Good Friday

Each player has five marbles and a larger shooter or ‘taw’. The simplest variant is called ‘shooting the ring’

'''Tiddlywinks''' – players use a ‘squidger’ to propel a wink into flight by pressing down on a wink, thereby flicking it into the air. The objective of the game is to score points by sending your own winks into the pot and preventing the opponent from ‘squopping’ your winks by placing your own winks on top of them

Bomb, boondock, doubleton, nurdle, scrunge – terms in tiddlywinks

Mathematical games

'''Nim''' is a two-player mathematical game of strategy in which players take turns removing objects from distinct heaps

'''Tower of Hanoi''' consists of three pegs, and a number of disks of different sizes which can slide onto any peg. The puzzle starts with the disks neatly stacked in order of size on one peg, the smallest at the top, thus making a conical shape. The puzzle was invented by the French mathematician Edouard Lucas in 1883

Other games

'''Subbuteo''' is derived from the scientific name ''Falco subbuteo'' (a bird of prey commonly known as the Eurasian hobby), after a trademark was not granted to its creator PeteAdolph to call the game ‘Hobby’. First sets sold in 1947

'''Jenga''' is a game of physical and mental skill, marketed by Hasbro, in which players remove blocks from a tower and put them on top. The player who causes the tower to collapse loses. The word jenga is derived from kujenga, the Swahili verb ‘to build’

'''Pachinko''' is a Japanese gaming device used for amusement and prizes. Although pachinko machines were originally strictly mechanical, modern pachinko machines are a cross between a pinball machine and a video slot machine

'''Rock-paper-scissors''' is also known as Roshambo. It is a type of a zero sum hand game

'''Escalado''' was invented and patented in 1928 by Swiss inventor Arthur Gueydan and produced by Chad Valley. Model race horse game pieces, originally made of lead, make their way across a long fabric race track towards the finish line at the other end. The horses move across the race track by means of a mechanical hand crank

== Toys ==
'''Lego''' comes from Danish ‘leg godt’ which translates to ‘play well’. The name could also be interpreted as ‘I put together’ or ‘I assemble’ in Latin. Toy of the year in 1974 and 1975

The Lego Group began in the workshop of Ole Kirk Christiansen, a carpenter from Billund, Denmark. Christiansen began creating wooden toys in 1932, and began calling itself ''Lego'' in 1934

''Bionicle'' – Lego toys. Portmanteau constructed from the words ‘biological’ and ‘chronicle’

''Duplo'' – Lego for young children

Lego initiated a robotics line of toys called ''Mindstorms'' in 1999

''Lego Friends'' is a product range of Lego designed to appeal primarily to girls. Introduced in 2012

Kiddicraft was a toy company founded in 1932 by Hilary 'Harry' Page. The company is notable for the releasing of the predecessor of the Lego bricks, the ''Self-locking Bricks''

Erector Set is a toy construction set invented by Olympic pole vault gold medalist A.C. Gilbert in 1911

'''Matchbox''' was introduced by Lesney Products in 1953 and is now owned by Mattel. Lesney's reputation would be moulded by Jack Odell, Leslie Smith and Rodney Smith (hence the name ‘Lesney’); their first major sales success was the million-selling model of Queen Elizabeth II's Coronation Coach

'''Hornby''' Railways dates back to 1901, when founder Frank Hornby received a patent for his ''Meccano'' construction toy. The first clockwork train was produced in 1920. In 1938, Hornby launched its first 00 gauge train. In 1964, Hornby and '''Meccano''' were bought by their competitor Tri-Ang

Lines Bros Ltd was a British toy manufacturer of the 20th century, operating under the Tri-ang brand name

'''Slinky''' or ‘Lazy Spring’ is a toy consisting of a helical spring that stretches and can bounce up and down. The toy was invented and developed by naval engineer Richard James in the early 1940s

'''View-Master''' – the trademark name of a line of special-format stereoscopes and corresponding View-Master ‘reels’, which are thin cardboard disks containing seven stereoscopic 3-D pairs of small colour photographs on film. The View-Master system was introduced in 1939

'''Etch A Sketch''' was invented by Andre Cassagnes and subsequently manufactured by the Ohio Art Company. Introduced in 1960

'''Playmobil''' is a line of plastic figures produced by the Brandstatter Group, headquartered in Zirndorf, Germany

The American businesswoman Ruth Handler is regarded as the creator of '''Barbie''' in 1959, and the doll's design was inspired by a German doll called Bild Lilli. Barbie's full name is Barbara Millicent Roberts. Made by Mattel (founded by Howard ‘matt’ Matson and ‘el’ Elliott Handler). Barbie ditched Ken, is now with surfer Blaine

Fulla is a Muslim Barbie, released in 2009

Sara and Dara are Islamic Barbie dolls, released in 2012

Francie Fairchild was a fashion doll issued by Mattel from 1966 to 1976 and re-introduced in 2011. Marketed as "Barbie's MODern cousin" (sic) from England, the doll had an extensive line of mod-style clothing

'''Bratz''' – manufactured by MGA Entertainment. Four original 10" dolls were released in 2001 – Cloe, Jade, Sasha and Yasmin

The original nine '''Beanie Babies''' were launched in 1993 by Ty, Inc.

Character Group produce ''Dr Who'' and ''Little Britain'' toys

Wham-O Inc. is a toy company currently located in California. They are known for marketing many popular toys in the past 50 years, including the Hula Hoop, the Frisbee, Slip 'N Slide, Super Ball, Trac-Ball, Silly String, Hacky Sack and the Boogie board. Founded in 1948 by Richard Knerr and Arthur ‘Spud’ Melin

''Magic 8 Ball'' is a toy used for fortune-telling or seeking advice, manufactured by Mattel

''Lincoln Logs'' is the name of a children's toy consisting of notched miniature logs, used to build miniature forts and buildings. They were invented by John Lloyd Wright, son of the architect Frank Lloyd Wright

Dreidel is a four-sided spinning top, played with during the Jewish holiday of Hanukkah

''Jacob's ladder'' is a toy consisting of blocks of wood held together by strings or ribbons. When the ladder is held at one end, blocks appear to cascade down the strings

Nerf is a toy brand created by Parker Brothers and currently owned by Hasbro. Most of the toys are a variety of foam-based weaponry, but there are also several different types of Nerf toys, such as balls for sports like football, basketball, and others. The most notable of the toys are the dart guns (referred to by Hasbro as ‘blasters’) that shoot ammunition made from Nerf foam

Zhu Zhu Pets, formerly Go Go Hamsters in the UK, is an American line of plush robotic hamster toys

''Diabolo'' is a juggling prop consisting of a spool which is whirled and tossed on a string tied to two sticks held one in each hand

Beyblade is a high-performance spinning top. As of 2005 over 100 million units had been sold worldwide

‘Walking the dog’ and ‘rock the cradle’ are terms used in yo-yo

The ''My Friend Cayla'' doll is designed to sync with a smartphone or tablet which allows her to recognize a child's speech and conduct simple conversations

Toy of the Year awards began in 1965. First winner – James Bond Aston Martin die-cast car. Action Man won in 1966. Spirograph won in 1967

Pogo stick was invented by Hans Pohlig and Ernst Gottschall, from Germany, in 1920

''Transformers'' – Toy of the Tear in 1985 and 1986

''Furby'' – Toy of the Year in 1998 and 1999

Sport and Leisure/World Athletics Championships

2025-11-25T18:26:20Z

QRNeditor: Fixed typos

Two IAAF world championship events preceded the inaugural edition of the World Championships in Athletics in 1983. The 1976 World Championships (held in Malmo) had just one event – the men's 50 kilometres walk, which was dropped from the Olympic programme for the 1976 Summer Olympics, leading to the IAAF responding by setting up their own contest. Four years later, the 1980 World Championships contained only two newly approved women's events, (400 metres hurdles and 3000 metres), neither of which featured on the programme for the 1980 Summer Olympics

== 1983 Helsinki ==
100m – Carl Lewis. 4th Allan Wells

200m – Calvin Smith. 4th Allan Wells

800m - Willi Wülbeck. 4th Peter Elliott

1500m – Steve Cram. 4th Steve Ovett

5000m – Eammon Coghlan (Ireland)

Marathon – Rob de Castella (Australia)

110m hurdles – Greg Foster

400m hurdles – Ed Moses

Steeplechase - Patriz Ilg. Bronze – Colin Reitz

4 x 400m relay – Soviet Union. Bronze – GB (Ainsley Bennett, Cook, Todd Bennett, Brown)

Pole vault – Sergey Bubka (Soviet Union)

Long jump – Carl Lewis

Decathlon – Daley Thompson

Women’s 100m – Marlies Gohr (East Germany)

Women’s 200m – Marita Koch (East Germany). Bronze – Kathy Cook

Women’s 400m – Jarmila Kratochvilova (Czechoslovakia)

Women’s 800m – Jarmila Kratochvilova

Women’s 1500m – Mary Decker. 5th Wendy Sly

Women’s 3000m – Mary Decker. 5th Wendy Sly

Women’s marathon – Greta Waitz (Norway)

Women’s 4 x 100m relay – East Germany. Silver – GB (Baptiste, Cook, Callender, Thomas)

Women’s long jump. 5th Bev Kinch

Women’s javelin – Tina Lillak (Finland). Silver – Fatima Whitbread. 4th Tessa Sanderson

East Germany topped the medal table

Carl Lewis anchored the USA 4 x 100m relay team to a world record time of 37.86 seconds

Sergey Bubka’s win was the first of six consecutive world titles

Jarmila Kratochvilova broke the world record in the 400m with a time of 47.99 seconds, which has only been beaten by Marita Koch

== 1987 Rome ==
100m – Carl Lewis. Bronze – Linford Christie

200m – Calvin Smith. Bronze – John Regis

400m - Thomas Schönlebe. 5th Derek Redmond

800m – Billy Konchellah (Kenya). Silver – Peter Elliott

5000m – Said Aouita (Morocco). Bronze – Jack Bucknor

110m hurdles – Greg Foster. Silver – Jon Ridgeon. Bronze – Colin Jackson

400m hurdles – Ed Moses

4 x 400m relay – USA. Silver – GB (Redmond, Akabusi, Black, Brown)

High jump – Patrik Sjoberg (Sweden)

Pole vault – Sergey Bubka

Long jump – Carl Lewis

Women’s 100m – Silke Gladisch (East Germany)

Women’s 200m – Silke Gladisch

Women’s 10000m – Ingrid Kristiansen (Norway)

Women’s marathon – Rosa Mota (Portugal)

Women’s high jump – Stefka Kostadinova (Bulgaria)

Women’s long jump – Jackie Joyner-Kersee

Women’s javelin – Fatima Whitbread. 4th Tessa Sanderson

Heptathlon – Jackie Joyner-Kersee

East Germany topped the medal table

Women's 10000m and 10 km walk were added to the programme.

Carl Lewis broke the world record in the 100m with a time of 9.93 seconds

Giovanni Evangelisti of Italy originally won the bronze in the men’s long jump with a jump of 8.37m, but it was later determined that Italian field officials had entered a pre-arranged fake result for a jump of 7.85m

Stefka Kostadinova broke the world record in the high jump with 2.09m, a record which still stands today

== 1991 Tokyo ==
100m – Carl Lewis. 4th Linford Christie

200m – Michael Johnson

400m – Antonio Pettigrew. Silver – Roger Black

800m – Billy Konchellah

1500m – Noureddine Morceli (Algeria)

110m hurdles – Greg Foster. Bronze – Tony Jarrett

400m hurdles - Samuel Matete. Bronze – Kriss Akabusi

3000m steeplechase – Moses Kiptanui (Kenya)

4 x 100m relay. Bronze – GB (Jarrett, Regis, Braithwaite, Christie)

4 x 400m relay – GB (Black, Redmond, Regis, Akabusi)

High jump - Charles Austin. 4th Dalton Grant

Pole vault – Sergey Bubka

Long jump – Mike Powell

Triple jump – Kenny Harrison

Discus – Lars Riedel (Germany)

Decathlon – Dan O’Brien

Women’s 100m – Katrin Krabbe (Germany). Silver – Gwen Torrence (USA). Bronze – Merlene Ottey (Jamaica)

Women’s 200m – Katrin Krabbe. Silver – Gwen Torrence. Bronze – Merlene Ottey

Women’s 400m – Marie-Jose Perec (France)

Women’s 1500m – Hassima Boulmerka (Algeria)

Women’s 10000m – Liz McColgan

Women’s 400m hurdles. Silver – Sally Gunnell

Women’s long jump – Jackie Joyner-Kersee

USA topped the medal table

Originally, it was planned to be hold the World Championships every four years, but this changed after 1991, and it has since been run biennially

The event is best remembered for the men's long jump competition, when Carl Lewis made the best six-jump series in history, only to be beaten by Mike Powell, whose 8.95 m jump broke Bob Beamon’s long-standing world record from the 1968 Olympics

Carl Lewis anchored the USA 4 x 100m relay team to a world record time of 37.50 seconds

Lars Reidel’s win was the first of five world titles

== 1993 Stuttgart ==
100m – Linford Christie

200m – Frankie Fredericks (Namibia). Silver – John Regis. Bronze – Carl Lewis

400m – Michael Johnson

800m – Paul Ruto. 4th Curtis Robb

1500m – Noureddine Morceli

10000m – Haile Gebrselassie (Ethiopia)

110m hurdles – Colin Jackson. Silver – Tony Jarrett

3000m steeplechase – Moses Kiptanui (Kenya)

4 x 100m relay – USA. Silver – GB (Jackson, Jarrett, Regis, Christie)

High jump – Javier Sotomayor (Cuba). Bronze – Steve Smith

Pole vault – Sergey Bubka (Ukraine)

Long jump – Mike Powell

Triple jump – Mike Conley (USA). Bronze – Jonathan Edwards

Discus – Lars Riedel

Javelin – Jan Zelezny (Czech Republic). Bronze – Mick Hill. 4th Steve Backley

Decathlon – Dan O’Brien

Women’s 100m – Gail Devers

Women’s 200m – Merlene Ottey

Women’s 800m – Maria Mutola (Mozambique). 4th Diane Modahl

Women’s 1500m. Silver – Sonia O’Sullivan (Ireland)

Women’s 100m hurdles – Gail Devers

Women’s 400m hurdles – Sally Gunnell

Women’s 4 x 400m relay – USA. Bronze – GB (Keough, Smith, Goddard, Gunnell)

Women’s long jump – Heike Drechsler (Germany)

Heptathlon – Jackie Joyner-Kersee

USA topped the medal table

Held at the Gottlieb Daimler Stadium, Stuttgart

This was the final time the women's 3000m would be contested. At subsequent Championships the race was replaced by the 5000m

Women's triple jump was added to the programme

Haile Gebrselassie’s win was the first of four consecutive world titles

Colin Jackson won the 110m hurdles in a world record time of 12.91 seconds

Michael Johnson anchored the USA 4 x 400m relay team to a world record time of 2:54.29, a record which still stands today

Chinese athletes won the women’s 1500m, 3000m and 10000m titles

== 1995 Gothenburg ==
100m – Donovan Bailey (Canada)

200m – Michael Johnson

400m – Michael Johnson

800m – Wilson Kipketer (Denmark)

1500m – Noureddine Morceli

10000m – Haile Gebrselassie

Marathon - Martín Fiz. 4th Peter Whitehead

110m hurdles – Allen Johnson. Silver – Tony Jarrett

3000m steeplechase – Moses Kiptanui

High jump – Troy Kemp. 4th Steve Smith

Pole vault – Sergey Bubka

Long jump – Ivan Pedroso (Cuba)

Triple jump – Jonathan Edwards

Discus – Lars Riedel

Javelin – Jan Zelezny. Silver – Steve Backley

Decathlon – Dan O’Brien

Women’s 100m – Gwen Torrence

Women’s 200m – Merlene Ottey

Women’s 400m – Marie-Jose Perec

Women’s 800m – Ana Quirot (Cuba). Bronze – Kelly Holmes

Women’s 1500m – Hassima Boulmerka. Silver – Kelly Holmes

Women’s 5000m – Sonia O’Sullivan

Women’s 100m hurdles – Gail Devers

Women’s high jump – Stefka Kostadinova

Women’s long jump – Fiona May (Italy)

Heptathlon – Ghada Shouaa (Syria)

USA topped the medal table

Held at the Ullevi Stadium, Gothenburg

Jonathan Edwards won the triple jump with a world record jump of 18.29m, the first ever jump to exceed 18m

Ivan Pedroso’s win was the first of four consecutive world titles

Wilson Kipketer was born in Kenya, but competed for Denmark

Fiona May was born in Slough, but competed for Italy

== 1997 Athens ==
100m – Maurice Greene

200m – Ato Boldon (Trinidad and Tobago)

400m – Michael Johnson. 4th Mark Richardson

800m – Wilson Kipketer

1500m – Hicham El Guerrouj (Morocco)

10000m – Haile Gebrselassie

110m hurdles – Allen Johnson. Silver – Colin Jackson

3000m steeplechase – Wilson Kipketer

4 x 100m relay. Canada. Bronze – GB (Braithwaite, Campbell, Walker, Golding)

4 x 400m relay – GB (Thomas, Black, Baulch, Richardson)

High jump – Javier Sotomayor

Pole vault – Sergey Bubka

Long jump – Ivan Pedroso

Triple jump – Yoelbi Quesada (Cuba). Silver – Jonathan Edwards

Discus – Lars Riedel

Javelin. Silver – Steve Backley

Decathlon – Tomas Dvorak (Czech Republic)

Women’s 100m – Marion Jones

Women’s 200m – Zhanna Pintusevich (Ukraine)

Women’s 400m – Cathy Freeman (Australia)

Women’s 800m – Ana Quirot

Women’s 5000m – Gabriela Szabo (Romania). 4th Paula Radcliffe

Women’s triple jump - Šárka Kašpárková. 5th Ashia Hansen

Heptathlon – Sabine Braun (Germany). Silver – Denise Lewis

USA topped the medal table

Hicham El Guerrouj’s win was the first of four consecutive world titles

USA originally won the 4 x 400 m relay, but were disqualified in 2009 after Antonio Pettigrew admitted to using illegal drugs

== 1999 Seville ==
100m – Maurice Greene. Bronze – Dwain Chambers

200m – Maurice Greene

400m – Michael Johnson

800m – Wilson Kipketer

1500m – Hicham El Guerrouj

10000m – Haile Gebrselassie

110m hurdles – Colin Jackson

4 x 100m relay – USA. Silver – GB (Gardner, Campbell, Devonish, Chambers)

4 x 400m relay – Poland

Long jump – Ivan Pedroso

Triple jump. Bronze – Jonathan Edwards

Shot put – C.J. Hunter

Decathlon – Tomas Dvorak. Silver – Dean Macey

Women’s 100m – Marion Jones

Women’s 200m – Inger Miller

Women’s 400m – Cathy Freeman. 5th Katharine Merry

Women’s 1500m – Svetlana Masterkova

Women’s 5000m – Gabriela Szabo

Women’s 10000m – Gete Wami. Silver – Paula Radcliffe

Women’s marathon – Jong Song-ok (North Korea)

To date, it is the only medal ever won by a North Korean athlete at the World Championships

Women’s 100m hurdles – Gail Devers

Women’s 4 x 100m relay – Bahamas

Women’s pole vault – Stacy Dragila

Heptathlon – Eunice Barber. Silver – Denise Lewis

USA topped the medal table

Women's pole vault and hammer were added to the programme and the women's 20 km walk replaced the 10 km walk

Michael Johnson won the 400m in a world record time of 43.18 seconds, a record which still stands today

Marion Jones was allowed to keep the medals she won in 1997 and 1999, but was later stripped of the titles she won at the 2000 Olympic Games after admitting to steroid use

C.J. Hunter was the husband of Marion Jones and was involved in the BALCO drugs scandal

USA originally won the 4 x 400 m relay, but were disqualified in 2009 after Antonio Pettigrew admitted to using illegal drugs

== 2001 Edmonton ==
100m – Maurice Greene. Silver – Bernard Williams

200m – Konstantinos Kenteris (Greece)

1500m – Hicham El Guerrouj

110m hurdles – Allen Johnson

400m hurdles – Felix Sanchez (Dominican Republic). 5th Chris Rawlinson

4 x 100m relay – South Africa

4 x 400m relay – Bahamas

Long jump – Ivan Pedroso

Triple jump – Jonathan Edwards

Discus – Lars Riedel

Javelin – Jan Zelezny

Decathlon – Tomas Dvorak. Silver – Erki Nool (Estonia). Bronze – Dean Macey

Women’s 100m – Zhanna Pintusevich

Women’s 200m – Debbie Ferguson (Bahamas)

Women’s 800m – Maria Mutola

Women’s 1500m – Gabriela Szabo

Women’s 10000m – Derartu Tulu (Ethiopia). 4th Paula Radcliffe

Women’s pole vault – Stacy Dragila (USA)

Women’s long jump – Fiona May

Women’s triple jump – Tatyana Lebedeva (Russia)

Women’s javelin – Osleidys Menendez (Cuba)

Russia topped the medal table

Held at the Commonwealth Stadium, Edmonton

Tim Montgomery (USA) originally came second in the men's 100m, but was disqualified in 2005 after he admitted to drug use

USA originally finished first in men’s 4 x 100m relay but they were disqualified in 2005 after Tim Montgomery admitted to drug use

Marion Jones finished second in the 100m and first in the 200m, but she was disqualified in 2005 after she admitted to using steroids

USA originally finished first in women’s 4 x 100m relay, but were disqualified in 2004 after Kelli White admitted to using steroids

Natalya Sadova of Russia originally won the gold medal in women’s discus, but she was later disqualified after she tested positive for caffeine

== 2003 Paris ==
100m – Kim Collins. Bronze – Darren Campbell

200m – John Capel.. 4th Darren Campbell

400m – Tyree Washington (USA)

1500m – Hicham El Guerrouj

10000m – Kenenise Bekele (Ethiopia)

110m hurdles – Allen Johnson

400m hurdles – Felix Sanchez

20km walk – Jefferson Perez (Ecuador)

Long jump – Dwight Phillips

Triple jump – Christian Olsson (Sweden)

Women’s 100m – Torri Edwards (USA)

Women’s 400m – Ana Guevara (Mexico)

Women’s 800m – Maria Mutola. Silver – Kelly Holmes

Women’s 1500m - Tatyana Tomashova. Bronze – Hayley Tullett

Women’s 5000m – Tirunesh Dibaba (Ethiopia)

Women’s 10000m – Berhane Adere (Ethiopia)

Women’s 400m hurdles – Jana Pittman-Rawlinson (Australia)

Women’s pole vault – Svetlana Feofanova (Russia)

Women’s long jump – Eunice Barber (France). 4th Jade Johnson

Women’s triple jump – Tatyana Lebedeva

Heptathlon – Carolina Kluft (Sweden)

USA topped the medal table

Jon Drummond was disqualified in the quarterfinals of 100m for a false start. However, he contested that he did not false start, repeatedly shouting "I did not move". He delayed competition for almost an hour by refusing to leave the track. He protested for a period of time by lying down on the track

Dwain Chambers finished fourth in the 100m final but was disqualified following his drug ban

Jerome Young originally finished first in the 400m, but was disqualified after he tested positive for drugs

GB team (Devonish, Malcolm, Campbell, Chambers) were stripped of 4 x100m relay silver medal due to drug ban on Chambers

USA originally finished first in 4 x 400m relay, but were disqualified after Jerome Young and Calvin Harrison both tested positive for drugs in 2004

Dwight Phillips’s win was the first of four world titles

Kelli White finished first in women’s 100m and 200m, but was stripped of her medals after testing positive for drugs

== 2005 Helsinki ==
100m – Justin Gatlin

200m – Justin Gatlin

400m – Jeremy Wariner. 5th Tim Benjamin

800m – Rashid Ramzi (Bahrain)

1500m – Rashid Ramzi

10000m – Kenenise Bekele

400m hurdles – Bershawn Jackson (USA)

20km walk – Jefferson Perez

4 x 100m relay – France. Bronze – GB (Gardener, Devonish, Malcolm, Lewis-Francis)

Long jump – Dwight Phillips

Decathlon – Bryan Clay (USA)

Women’s 100m – Lauryn Williams

Women’s 200m – Allyson Felix

Women’s 400m – Tonique Williams-Darling (Bahamas)

Women’s 5000m – Tirunesh Dibaba

Women’s 10000m – Tirunesh Dibaba

Women’s marathon – Paula Radcliffe

Women’s 4 x 400m. Bronze – GB (McConnell, Fraser, Sanders, Ohuruogu)

Women’s pole vault – Yelena Isinbayeva

Women’s javelin – Osleidys Menendez

Heptathlon – Carolina Kluft. 5th Kelly Sotherton

USA topped the medal table

Women's 3000m steeplechase was added to the programme

The original winning bid for the competition was from London, but the cost to build the required stadium at Picketts Lock and host the event was deemed too expensive by the government. UK Athletics suggested to move the host city to Sheffield (using Don Valley Stadium), but the IAAF stated that having London as the host city was central to their winning the bid. The championships bidding process was reopened as a result

Much of the event in Helsinki was held in heavy rain

Finland’s only medal was a bronze in the men’s long jump from Tommi Evila

USA finished in first four places in men’s 200m

Tirunesh Dibaba became the first woman to win the 5000m and 10000m at the same championships

Osleidys Menendez set a new world record in the women’s javelin

== 2007 Osaka ==
100m – Tyson Gay

200m – Tyson Gay. Silver – Usain Bolt

400m – Jeremy Wariner

1500m – Bernard Lagat (Kenya)

5000m – Bernard Lagat. 6th Mo Farah

10000m – Kenenise Bekele

110m hurdles – Liu Xiang (China)

20km walk – Jefferson Perez

4 x 100m relay - USA. Bronze – GB (Malcolm, Pickering, Devonish, Lewis-Francis)

Long jump – Irving Saladino (Panama)

Triple jump – Nelson Evora (Portugal)

Javelin – Tero Pitkamaki (Finland)

Decathlon – Roman Sebrle (Czech Republic)

Women’s 100m – Veronica Campbell

Women’s 200m – Allyson Felix

Women’s 400m – Christine Ohuruogu. Silver – Nicola Sanders

Women’s 5000m – Meseret Defar (Ethiopia)

Women’s 10000m – Tirunesh Dibaba. 4th Jo Pavey

Women’s 400m hurdles – Jana Pittman-Rawlinson

Women’s 4 x 400m. Bronze – GB (Ohuruogu, Okoro, McConnell, Sanders)

Women’s high jump – Blanka Vlasic (Croatia)

Women’s pole vault – Yelena Isinbayeva

Women’s long jump – Tatyana Lebedeva

Women’s triple jump. Silver – Tatyana Lebedeva

Women’s shot put – Valerie Adams

Women’s javelin – Barbora Spotakova (Czech Republic)

Heptathlon – Carolina Kluft. Bronze – Kelly Sotherton. 4th Jessica Ennis

USA topped the medal table

Held at the Nagai Stadium, Osaka. No world records were broken

Tyson Gay and Allyson Felix collected three gold medals each. USA won all four relays

Bernard Lagat became the first man to win both the 1500m and 5000m titles at the same World Championships

Kyriakos Ioannou claimed the first ever medal for Cyprus in a World Championships, a bronze in the high jump

Japan gained its only medal on the final day with a bronze for Reiko Tosa in the women's marathon

Ohuruogu won the gold medal just 24 days after her 12-month suspension for missing three out-of-competition doping tests expired

Valerie Adams (NZ) (formerly known as Valerie Vili) won the first of her four successive World Championships in the shot put

== 2009 Berlin ==
100m – Usain Bolt. Silver – Tyson Gay. Bronze – Asafa Powell

200m – Usain Bolt. Silver – Alonso Edward (Panama)

400m – LaShawn Merritt

1500m – Yusuf Saad Kamel (Bahrain)

5000m – Kenenise Bekele

10000m – Kenenise Bekele

110m hurdles – Ryan Braithwaite (Barbados). 4th Will Sharman

3000m steeplechase – Ezekiel Kemboi (Kenya)

4 x 100m relay – Jamaica. Bronze – GB (Williamson, Edgar, Devonish, Aikines-Aryeetey)

4 x 400m relay – USA. Silver – GB (Williams, Bingham, Tobin, Rooney)

Pole vault – Steve Hooker (Australia)

Long jump – Dwight Phillips

Triple jump – Phillips Idowu

Discus – Robert Harting (Germany)

Javelin – Andreas Thorkildsen (Norway)

Women’s 100m – Shelly-Ann Fraser

Women’s 200m – Allyson Felix

Women’s 400m – Sanya Richards

Women’s 800m – Caster Semenya (South Africa). Bronze – Jenny Meadows

Women’s 1500m - Maryam Yusuf Jamal. Silver – Lisa Dobriskey

Women’s 5000m – Vivian Cheruiyot (Kenya)

Women’s pole vault – Anna Rogowska (Poland)

Women’s long jump – Brittney Reese (USA). 6th Shara Proctor (Anguilla)

Women’s high jump – Blanka Vlasic

Women’s shot put – Valerie Adams

Heptathlon – Jessica Ennis

USA topped the medal table

Usain Bolt won the 100m in a world record time of 9.58 seconds and the 200m in a world record time of 19.19 seconds.

Yusuf Saad Kamel’s father is Billy Konchellah, who won the 800m for Kenya at the 1987 and 1991 World Championships

Ryan Braithwaite won Barbados’s first ever gold medal in the World Championships

Ezekiel Kemboi won the first of his four successive World Championships

Marathon and racewalking events started and finished at the Brandenburg Gate

Berlino, the bear mascot, dropped women’s 400m hurdles champion Melaine Walker after crashing into a hurdle

Marta Dominguez of Spain won the women’s 3000m steeplechase, but was found guilty of doping in 2015

Yelena Isanbeyeva failed to clear a height in the women’s pole fault and finished last

Shara Proctor was born in Anguilla and has represented Great Britain since 2011

== 2011 Daegu ==
100m – Yohan Blake (Jamaica). Silver – Walter Dix (USA)

200m – Usain Bolt. Silver – Walter Dix

400m – Kirani James (Grenada)

800m – David Rudisha (Kenya)

1500m – Asbel Kiprop (Kenya)

5000m – Mo Farah

10000m. Silver – Mo Farah

110m hurdles – Jason Richardson (USA). Bronze – Andy Turner. 5th Will Sharman

400m hurdles – Dai Greene

3000m steeplechase – Ezekiel Kemboi

Long jump – Dwight Phillips

Triple jump – Christian Taylor. Silver – Phillips Idowu

Women’s 100m – Carmelita Jeter

Women’s 200m – Veronica Campbell-Brown

Women’s 400m – Amantle Montsho (Botswana)

Women’s 1500m – Jennifer Simpson. Silver – Hannah England

Women’s 5000m – Vivian Cheruiyot

Women’s 10000m – Vivian Cheruiyot

Women’s marathon – Edna Kiplagat (Kenya)

Women’s 100m hurdles – Sally Pearson (Australia). 4th Tiffany Porter

Women’s long jump – Brittney Reese

Women’s shot put – Valerie Adams

Heptathlon. Silver – Jessica Ennis

USA topped the medal table

Mascot was Sarbi, a local dog

Dwain Chambers was disqualified from 100m semi-final after a false start

Usain Bolt was disqualified from 100m final after a false start. Aged 21, Yohan Blake became the youngest 100m world champion

Kirani James was aged18

Cuba's Dayron Robles finished first in the final of the men's 110 metres hurdles, but was disqualified for interfering with Liu Xiang twice before and over the last barrier. Jason Richardson was awarded the gold, Liu the silver, and Andy Turner promoted to the bronze medal

Jamaica won the men’s 4 x 100m relay in 37.04 seconds to set the only world record at the championships

Oscar Pistorius became the first paralympic to win a medal at the World Championships, winning a silver medal in 4 x 400m relay for South Africa

Christine Ohuruogu was disqualified in her 400m heat for a false start

== 2013 Moscow ==
100m – Usain Bolt. Silver – Justin Gatlin

200m – Usain Bolt. Silver – Warren Weir (Jamaica)

400m – LaShawn Merritt

1500m – Asbel Kiprop

5000m – Mo Farah

10000m – Mo Farah

400m hurdles - LaShawn Merritt. 5th Will Sharman

Marathon – Stephen Kiprotich (Uganda)

3000m steeplechase – Ezekiel Kemboi

50km walk – Rob Heffernan (Ireland)

High jump – Bohdan Bondarenko (Ukraine)

Discus – Robert Harting

Decathlon – Ashton Eaton

Women’s 100m – Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce. Silver – Murielle Ahoure (Ivory Coast)

Women’s 200m – Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce. Silver – Murielle Ahoure

Women’s 400m – Christine Ohuruogu. Silver – Amantle Montsho

Women’s1500m - Abeba Aregawi. 4th Hannah England

Women’s 5000m – Meseret Defar

Women’s 10000m – Tirunesh Dibaba

Women’s marathon – Edna Kiplagat

Women’s 100m hurdles – Brianna Rollins (USA). Silver – Sally Pearson. Bronze – Tiffany Porter

Women’s 400m hurdles - Zuzana Hejnová. 5th Eilidh Child

Women’s 4 x 100m relay – Jamaica. Bronze – GB (Asher-Smith, Nelson, Lewis, Jones)

Women’s 4 x 400m relay – Russia. Bronze – GB (Child, Cox, Adeoye, Ohuruogu)

Women’s pole vault – Yelena Isinbayeva

Women’s long jump – Brittney Reese

Women’s shot put – Valerie Adams

Heptathlon - Hanna Melnychenko. 5th Katarina Johnson-Thompson

Russia won the most gold medals to top the table for the first time since 2001. It was also the first time ever the host nation took the top of the medal table. The United States won the most overall medals

Main venue was Luzhniki Stadium in Moscow

Mascot was a sparrow

No world records were set at the event

Usain Bolt and Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce both won three gold medals in the men's and women's 100m, 200m and 4 x 100m relay. This achievement also earned Bolt the title of being the most successful athlete in the history of the World Championships with eight gold and two silver medals

Felix Sanchez made his seventh consecutive World Championship 400m hurdles final

Stephen Kiprotich won Uganda’s first ever gold medal

France finished second in the women’s 4 x 100m relay but were disqualified more than two hours after the race. USA were upgraded to the silver medal, and GB received the bronze medal

Caterine Ibarguen won Colombia's first ever World Championship gold medal, in the triple jump

== 2015 Beijing ==
100m – Usain Bolt. Silver – Justin Gatlin

200m – Usain Bolt. Silver – Justin Gatlin. 5th Zharnel Hughes

800m – David Rudisha (Kenya)

1500m – Asbel Kiprop

400m hurdles – Nicholas Bett (Kenya)

Nicholas Bett died three years later in a road accident in Kenya aged 28

3000m steeplechase – Ezekiel Kemboi

5000m – Mo Farah

10000m – Mo Farah

4 x 400m relay - USA. Bronze – GB (Yousif, Williams, Dunn, Rooney)

Long jump – Greg Rutherford

Triple jump – Christian Taylor

Javelin – Julius Yego (Kenya)

Decathlon – Ashton Eaton

Women’s 100m – Shelly-Anne Fraser-Pryce. Silver – Dafne Schippers (Netherlands)

Women’s 200m – Dafne Schippers. 5th Dina Asher-Smith

Women’s 400m – Allyson Felix

Women’s 1500m – Genzebe Dibaba (Ethiopia). 5th Laura Muir

Women’s marathon – Mare Dibaba (Ethiopia)

Women’s 4 x 400m relay. Bronze – GB (Ohuruogu, Onuora, Child, Bundy-Davies)

Women’s long jump. Silver – Shara Proctor

Women’s hammer. 4th – Sophie Hitchon

Heptathlon – Jessica Ennis-Hill

Kenya finished top of the medal table, ahead of Jamaica, USA, and Great Britain

The event was the largest sporting event to take place at the Beijing National Stadium ("Bird's Nest") since the 2008 Summer Olympics

Mascot was Yan’er, an abstract red swallow

Usain Bolt was knocked over after the 200m final by a cameraman on a segway

Greg Rutherford joined Daley Thompson, Linford Christie, Sally Gunnell and Jonathan Edwards in holding all four major titles at the same time

Great Britain failed to finish in the final of the final of the 4 x 100m relay following a botched final exchange between James Ellington and Chijindu Ujah

LaShawn Merritt won his sixth gold in 4 x 400m relay

Christian Taylor’s winning jump of 18.21m in the triple jump was the second best jump in history only behind the world record of Jonathan Edwards

Julius Yego learnt how to throw the javelin by watching videos on YouTube

Ashton Eaton won the decathlon with a world record 9045 points

Eritrea won its first world title, with Ghirmay Ghebreslassie winning the men’s marathon and Kosovo made its debut.

Allyson Felix won her ninth gold medal at the World Championships

In the heptathlon, Katrina Johnson-Thompson had three fouls in the long jump, scoring no points

== 2017 London ==
Doha also bid for the World Championships. On 11 November 2011, the winner was officially announced as London. London unveiled its bid for the 2017 championships with the slogan “Ready to break records”. The mascot was ‘Hero the Hedgehog’

The main venue was London Stadium

100m – Justin Gatlin. Silver – Christian Coleman. Bronze – Usain Bolt

200m – Ramil Guliyev (Turkey)

400m – Wayde van Niekerk

800m – Pierre Ambroise-Bosse (France)

1500m – Elijah Manangoi (Kenya)

3000m steeplechase – Consesius Kipruto (Kenya)

5000m – Muktar Edris (Ethiopia). Silver – Mo Farah

10000m – Mo Farah

Marathon – Geoffrey Kirui (Kenya). 4th Callum Hawkins

110m hurdles – Omar McLeod (Jamaica)

400m hurdles – Karsten Warholm (Norway)

4 x 100m relay – GB (Ujah, Gemili, Talbot, Mitchell-Blake)

4 x 400m relay – Trinidad and Tobago. Bronze – GB (Hudson-Smith, Yousif, Cowan, Rooney)

Pole vault – Sam Kendricks

Long jump – Luvo Manyonga (South Africa)

High jump – Mutaz Barshim (Qatar)

Triple jump – Christian Taylor

Decathlon – Kevin Mayer (France)

Women’s 100m – Tori Bowie (USA)

Women’s 200m – Dafne Schippers

Women’s 400m – Phyllis Francis (USA)

Women’s 800m – Caster Semenya

Women’s 10000m – Almaz Ayana (Ethiopia)

Women’s marathon – Rose Chelimo (Bahrain)

Women’s 100m hurdles – Sally Pearson

Women’s 4 x 100m relay – USA. Silver – GB (Philip, Henry, Asher-Smith, Neita)

Women’s 4 x 400m relay – USA. Silver – GB (Clark, Nielsen, Doyle, Diamond)

Women’s long jump – Brittney Reece (USA)

Women’s high jump – Maria Lasitskene, a Russian competing as an Authorized Neutral Athlete (ANA)

Women’s discus – Sandra Perkovic (Croatia)

Women’s hammer – Anita Wlodarczyk (Poland)

Women’s javelin – Barbora Spotakova (Czech Republic)

Heptathlon – Nafissatou Thiem (Belgium)

Norovirus outbreak at Tower Hotel affected athletes at World Athletics Championships. Isaac Makwala (Bostwana) banned from 400m final

Makwala had to run a solo time trial in the 200m, successfully performing well enough to be given a place in the semi-final

Only world record broken at World Championships was by Ines Henriques (Portugal) in the women’s 50km walk

Allyson Felix has now won 11 gold medals, and was a member of both the successful USA relay teams

Final medal table – 1st USA (10-11-9) 30, 2nd Kenya, 3rd South Africa, 6th GB (2-3-1) 6

== 2019 Doha ==
Doha in Qatar won the bid for the 2019 World Championships, beating Eugene and Barcelona

The main venue was Khalifa International Stadium

Mascot – Falah, an anthropomorphic falcon

100m – Christian Coleman. Silver – Justin Gatlin. Bronze – Andre De Grasse

200m – Noah Lyles. 4th Adam Gemili

400m – Steven Gardiner (Bahamas)

800m – Donavan Brazier

1500m – Timothy Cheruiyot

3000m steeplechase – Consesius Kipruto

5000m – Muktar Edris (Ethiopia)

10000m – Joshua Cheptegei (Uhganda)

Marathon – Lelisa Dasisa (Ethiopia). 4th Callum Hawkins

110m hurdles – Grant Holloway

400m hurdles – Karsten Warholm (Norway)

4 x 100m relay – USA. Silver – GB (Gemili, Hughes, Kilty, Mitchell-Blake)

Pole vault – Sam Kendricks

Long jump – Tajay Gayle (Jamaica)

High jump – Mutaz Barshim

Triple jump – Christian Taylor

Decathlon – Niklas Kaul (Germany)

Women’s 100m – Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce. Siver – Dina Asher-Smith

Women’s 200m – Dina Asher-Smith

Women’s 400m – Salwa Eid Naser (Bahrain)

Women’s 800m – Halimar Nakaayi (Uganda)

Women’s 1500m – Sifan Hassan (Netherlands)

Women’s 10000m – Sifan Hassan

Women’s marathon – Ruth Chepngetich (Kenya)

Women’s 400m hurdles – Dalilah Muhammad (USA) in a world record time

Women’s 4 x 100m relay – Jamaica. Silver – GB (Philip, Asher-Smith, Nelson, Neita)

Women’s triple jump – Yulimar Rojas (Venezuela)

Women’s pole vault – Anzhelika Sidorova (ANA). 4th Holly Bradshaw

Heptathlon – Katarina Johnson-Thompson

Mixed 4 x 400m relay – USA

Women’s marathon started at midnight due to extreme temperatures. 28 of the 68 entrants dropped out

Allyson Felix took her tally of gold medals to thirteen

Final medal table – 1st USA (14-11-4) 29, 2nd Kenya, 3rd Jamaica, 6th GB (2-3-0) 5

== 2022 Eugene ==
Eugene, Oregon was awarded the 2021 World Championships without going through the normal bidding process. The championships were originally scheduled for August 2021; but the event was postponed until July 2022 due to the COVID-19 pandemic

The main venue was Hayward Field

Mascot – Legend the Bigfoot

Men

100m – Fred Kerley (USA)

200m – Noah Lyles (USA)

400m – Michael Norman (USA). Silver – Kirani James (Grenada). Bronze – Matthew Hudson-Smith

800m – Emmanuel Korir (Kenya)

1500m – Jake Wightman. Silver – Jakob Ingebritsen (Norway)

Jake Wightman is the first British man to win the world 1500m title since Steve Cram in 1983

5000m – Jakob Ingebritsen

10000m – Joshua Cheptegei (Uganda)

Marathon – Tamirat Tola (Ethiopia)

110m hurdles – Grant Holloway (USA)

400m hurdles – Alison dos Santos (Brazil)

3000m steeplechase – Soufiane El Bakkali (Morocco)

20km walk – Toshikazu Yamanishi (Japan)

35km walk – Massimo Stano (Italy)

4 x 100m relay – Canada. Bronze – GB (Efoloko, Hughes, Mitchell-Blake, Prescod)

4 x 400m relay – USA

Long jump – Wang Jianan (China)

High jump – Mutaz Essa Barshim (Qatar)

Triple jump – Pedro Pichardo (Portugal)

Pole vault – Armand Duplantis (Sweden). New world record 6.21 m

Shot put – Ryan Crouser (USA)

Discus – Kristjan Ceh (Slovenia)

Javelin – Anderson Peters (Grenada)

Hammer – Pawel Fajdek (Poland). 5th successive win

Decathlon – Kevin Mayer (France)

Women

100m – Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce. Silver – Shericka Jackson. Bronze – Elaine Thompson-Herah. 4th Dina Asher-Smith

200m – Shericka Jackson (Jamaica). Silver – Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce. Bronze – Dina Asher-Smith

400m – Shaunae Miller-Uibo (Bahamas)

800m – Athing Mu (USA). Silver – Keely Hodgkinson

1500m – Faith Kipyegon (Kenya). Bronze – Laura Muir

5000m – Gudaf Tsegay (Ethiopia)

10000m – Letesenbet Gidey (Ethiopia)

Marathon – Gotytom Gebreslase (Ethiopia)

100m hurdles – Tobi Amusan (Nigeria)

Tobi Amusan set a world record of 12.12 seconds in the semi-final

400m hurdles – Sydney McLaughlin (USA). New world record 50.68 seconds

3000m steeplechase – Norah Jeruto (Kazakhstan)

20km walk – Kimberly Garcia (Peru)

35km walk – Kimberly Garcia (Peru)

4 x 100m relay – USA

4 x 400m relay – USA. Bronze – GB (Ohuruogu, Yeargin, Knight, Nielsen)

Long jump – Malaika Mihambo (Germany)

High jump – Eleanor Patterson (Australia)

Triple jump – Yulimar Rojas (Venezuela)

Pole vault – Katie Nageotte (USA)

Holly Bradshaw’s pole snapped in the qualifying competition, and she had to withdraw due to injury

Shot put – Chase Ealey (USA)

Discus – Feng Bin (China)

Javelin – Kelsey-Lee Barber (Australia)

Hammer – Brooke Anderson (USA)

Heptathlon – Nafissatou Thiam (Belgium)

Mixed 4 x 400m relay – Dominican Republic

Allyson Felix took her tally of medals to twenty, winning a bronze medal in the mixed 4 x 400m relay

Peru, Kazakhstan, and Nigeria won their first ever gold medals

A record 29 countries won at least one gold medal

Dorian Keletela, Jamal Abdelmaji Eisa Mohammed, and Anjelina Nadai Lohalith competed for the Athlete Refugee Team

Final medal table – 1st USA (13-9-11) 33, 2nd Ethiopia, 3rd Jamaica,11th GB (1-1-5) 7

== 2023 Budapest ==
The championships were held in the National Athletics Centre

Mascot – Youhuu, a Racka (a sheep with spiral-shaped horns)

Men

100m – Noah Lyles (USA). Silver – Letsile Tebogo (Botswana). Bronze – Zharnel Hughes

200m – Noah Lyles (USA). 4th Zharnel Hughes

400m – Antonio Watson (Jamaica). Silver – Matthew Hudson-Smith

800m – Marco Arop (Canada). Bronze – Ben Pattison

1500m – Josh Kerr. Silver – Jakob Ingebritsen (Norway)

5000m – Jakob Ingebritsen (Norway)

10000m – Joshua Cheptegei (Uganda)

Marathon – Joseph Kiplangat (Kenya)

110m hurdles – Grant Holloway (USA)

400m hurdles – Karsten Warholm (Norway)

3000m steeplechase – Soufiane El Bakkali (Morocco)

20km walk – Alvaro Martin (Spain)

35km walk – Alvaro Martin (Spain)

4 x 100m relay – USA

4 x 400m relay – USA. Bronze – GB (Haydock-Wilson, Dobson, Davey, Mitcham)

Long jump – Miltiadis Tentoglou (Greece)

High jump – Gianmarco Tamberi (Italy)

Triple jump – Hughes Fabrice Zango (Burkina Faso)

Pole vault – Armand Duplantis (Sweden)

Shot put – Ryan Crouser (USA)

Discus – Daniel Stahl (Sweden)

Javelin – Neerav Chopra (India)

Hammer – Ethan Katsberg (Canada)

Decathlon – Pierce LePage (Canada)

Women

100m – Sha’Carri Richardson (USA). Silver – Shericka Jackson (Jamaica). Bronze – Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce (Jamaica)

200m – Shericka Jackson (Jamaica). Silver – Gabrielle Thomas (USA). Bronze – Sha’Carri Richardson (USA)

400m – Marileidy Paulino (Dominican Republic)

800m – Mary Moraa (Kenya). Silver – Keely Hodgkinson

1500m – Faith Kipyegon (Kenya)

5000m – Faith Kipyegon (Kenya). Silver – Sifan Hassan (Netherlands)

10000m – Gudaf Tsegay (Ethiopia)

Marathon – Amane Beriso Shankule (Ethiopia)

100m hurdles – Danielle Williams (Jamaica)

400m hurdles – Femke Bol (Netherlands)

3000m steeplechase – Winifred Yavi (Bahrain)

20km walk – Maria Perez (Spain)

35km walk – Maria Perez (Spain)

4 x 100m relay – USA. Bronze GB (Philip, Lansiquot, Williams, Neita)

4 x 400m relay – Netherlands. Bronze – GB (Nielsen, Anning, Pipi, Yeargin)

Long jump – Ivana Vuleta (Serbia)

High jump – Yaroslava Mahuchikh (Ukraine). 4th Morgan Lake

Triple jump – Yulimar Rojas (Venezuela)

Pole vault – Nina Kennedy (Australia) and Katie Moon (USA) tied for first place. 5th Molly Caudery

Shot put – Chase Ealey (USA)

Discus – Laulauga Tausaga (USA)

Javelin – Haruka Kitaguchi (Japan)

Hammer – Camryn Rogers (Canada)

Heptathlon – Katarina Johnson-Thompson. Silver – Anna Hall (USA). Johnson-Thompson won by 20 points

Mixed 4x400m relay – USA. Silver – GB (Davey, Mitcham, Nielsen, John)

Ten metres from the finish, Femke Bol (Netherlands) started to lean for the finish and crashed to the track. This was the only event in which a World Record was set during the championships

Final medal table – 1st USA (12-8-9) 29, 2nd Canada, 3rd Spain, 7th GB (2-3-5) 10

Spain won four gold medals, winning all the walking events

Hungary won one bronze medal

== 2025: Tokyo ==
The Championships were held at the National Stadium

Third time that the championships have been held in Japan. Tokyo and Helsinki are the only cities to have held the World Championships twice

Men

100m – Oblique Seville (Jamaica). Silver – Kishane Thompson (Jamaica). Bronze – Noah Lyles (USA)

200m – Noah Lyles (USA). Silver – Kenny Bednarek (USA)

400m – Collen Kebinatshipi (Botswana)

800m – Emmanuel Wanyonyi (Kenya)

1500m – Isaac Nader (Portugal). Silver – Jake Wightman

5000m – Cole Hocker (USA)

10000m – Jimmy Gressier (France)

Marathon – Alphonce Simbu (Tanzania)

110m hurdles – Cordell Tinch (USA)

400m hurdles – Rai Benjamin (USA)

3000m steeplechase – Geordie Beamish (New Zealand)

20km walk – Caio Bonfim (Brazil)

35km walk – Evan Dunfee (Canada)

4 x 100m relay – USA

4 x 400m relay – Botswana

Long jump – Mattia Furlani (Italy)

High jump – Hamish Kerr (New Zealand)

Triple jump – Pedro Pichardo (Portugal)

Pole vault – Armand Duplantis (Sweden). World record 6.30m

Shot put – Ryan Crouser (USA)

Discus – Daniel Stahl (Sweden)

Javelin – Keshorn Walcott (Trinidad and Tobago). Silver – Anderson Peters (Grenada)

Hammer – Ethan Katsberg (Canada)

Decathlon – Leo Neugebauer (Germany)

Women

100m – Melissa Jefferson-Wooden (USA). Silver – Tina Clayton (Jamaica). Bronze – Julien Alfred (Saint Lucia)

200m – Melissa Jefferson-Wooden (USA). Silver – Amy Hunt. Bronze – Shericka Jackson (Jamaica).

400m – Sydney McLaughlin-Levrone (USA). Silver – Marileidy Paulino (Dominican Republic)

800m – Lilian Odira (Kenya). Silver – Georgia Hunter Bell. Bronze – Keely Hodgkinson

1500m – Faith Kipyegon (Kenya)

5000m – Beatrice Chebet (Kenya). Silver – Faith Kipyegon (Kenya)

10000m – Beatrice Chebet (Kenya)

Marathon – Peres Jepchirchir. Silver – Tigst Assefa (Ethiopia)

100m hurdles – Ditaji Kambundji (Switzerland)

400m hurdles – Femke Bol (Netherlands)

3000m steeplechase – Faith Cherotich (Kenya)

20km walk – Maria Perez (Spain)

35km walk – Maria Perez (Spain)

4 x 100m relay – USA. Silver – Jamaica (including Shelly-Anne Fraser-Pryce)

4 x 400m relay – USA. 4th GB

Long jump – Tara Davis-Woodhall (USA)

High jump – Nicola Olyslagers (Australia)

Triple jump – Leyanis Perez (Cuba). Silver – Thea LaFond (Dominica)

Pole vault – Katie Moon (USA)

Shot put – Jessica Schilder (Netherlands)

Discus – Valarie Allman (USA)

Javelin – Juleisy Angulo (Ecuador)

Hammer – Camryn Rogers (Canada)

Heptathlon – Anna Hall (USA). Silver – Kate O’Connor (Ireland). Bronze – Katarina Johnson-Thompson and Taliyah Brooks (tied on 6581 points)

Mixed 4x400m relay – USA

Final medal table – 1st USA (16-5-5) 26, 2nd Kenya (7-2-2) 11, 3rd Canada (3-1-1) 5 21st GB (0-3-2) 5

GB failed to win a gold medal and a relay medal for the first time since 2003

'''2027: Beijing'''

The track and field events are scheduled to be in the Beijing National Stadium in September

USA has won 211 gold medals; Kenya is second on the all-time list with 72 gold medals

GB has won 33 gold medals

Leading medal winners:

Men – Usain Bolt 14 (11-2-1), LaShawn Merritt 11 (8-3-0)

Women – Allyson Felix 20 (14-3-3), Shelly-Anne Fraser-Pryce 17 (10-6-1), Merlene Ottey 14 (3-4-7)

Host nations not to win any medals:

Canada (2001), Sweden (1995) and South Korea (2011)

Sport and Leisure/World Athletics Championships

2025-11-25T18:24:28Z

QRNeditor: Added Mixed 4x400m relay for 2025

Entertainment/Lists of Winners of UK Reality TV Shows

2025-11-11T15:41:20Z

QRNeditor: Added The Celebrity Traitors

== Big Brother ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2000
|Craig Phillips
|-
|2001
|Brian Dowling
|-
|2002
|Kate Lawler
|-
|2003
|Cameron Stout
|-
|2004
|Nadia Almada
|-
|2005
|Anthony Hutton
|-
|2006
|Pete Bennett
|-
|2007
|Brian Belo
|-
|2008
|Rachel Rice
|-
|2009
|Sophie Reade
|-
|2010
|Josie Gibson
|-
|2011
|Aaron Allard-Morgan
|-
|2012
|Luke Anderson
|-
|2013
|Sam Evans
|-
|2014
|Helen Wood
|-
|2015
|Chloe Wilburn
|-
|2016
|Jason Burrill
|-
|2017
|Isabelle Warburton
|-
|2018
|Cameron Cole
|-
|2023
|Jordan Sangha
|-
|2024
|Ali Bromley
|}

== Celebrity Big Brother ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2001
|Jack Dee
|-
|2002
|Mark Owen
|-
|2005
|Bez Berry
|-
|2006
|Chantelle Houghton
|-
|2007
|Shilpa Shetty
|-
|2009
|Ulrika Jonsson
|-
|2010
|Alex Reid
|-
|2011
|Paddy Doherty
|-
|2012
|Denise Welch
|-
|2012
|Julian Clary
|-
|2013
|Rylan Clark
|-
|2013
|Charlotte Crosby
|-
|2014
|Jim Davidson
|-
|2014
|Gary Busey
|-
|2015
|Katie Price
|-
|2015
|James Hill
|-
|2016
|Scotty T
|-
|2016
|Stephen Bear
|-
|2017
|Coleen Nolan
|-
|2017
|Sarah Harding
|-
|2018
|Courtney Act
|-
|2018
|Ryan Thomas
|-
|2024
|David Potts
|-
|2025
|Jack P. Shepherd
|}

== I’m a Celebrity…Get Me Out of Here! ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2002
|Tony Blackburn
|-
|2003
|Phil Tuffnell
|-
|2004
|Kerry Katona
|-
|2004
|Joe Pasquale
|-
|2005
|Carol Thatcher
|-
|2006
|Matt Willis
|-
|2007
|Christopher Biggins
|-
|2008
|Joe Swash
|-
|2009
|Gino D’Acampo
|-
|2010
|Stacey Solomon
|-
|2011
|Dougie Poynter
|-
|2012
|Charlie Brooks
|-
|2013
|Kian Egan
|-
|2014
|Carl Fogarty
|-
|2015
|Vicky Pattison
|-
|2016
|Scarlett Moffatt
|-
|2017
|Georgia Toffolo
|-
|2018
|Harry Redknapp
|-
|2019
|Jacqueline Jossa
|-
|2020
|Giovanna Fletcher
|-
|2021
|Danny Miller
|-
|2022
|Jill Scott
|-
|2023
|Sam Thompson
|-
|2024
|Danny Jones
|}

== Love Island ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2005
|Fran Cosgrave and Jayne Middlemiss (Celebrity Love Island)
|-
|2006
|Calum Best and Bianca Gascoigne (Celebrity Love Island)
|-
|2015
|Max Morley and Jessica Hayes
|-
|2016
|Nathan Massey and Cara De La Hoyde
|-
|2017
|Kem Cetinay and Amber Davies
|-
|2018
|Jack Fincham and Dani Dyer
|-
|2019
|Greg O’Shea and Amber Gill
|-
|2020
|Finlay Tapp and Paige Turley
|-
|2021
|Liam Reardon and Millie Court
|-
|2022
|Davide Sanclimenti and Ekin-Su Cülcüloğlu
|-
|2023 (March)
|Kai Fagan and Sanam Harrinanan
|-
|2023 (July)
|Jess Harding and Sammy Root
|-
|2024
|Josh Oyinsan and Mimii Ngulube
|}

== Popstars ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2001
|Hear’Say
|-
|2002
|Girls Aloud and One True Voice (Popstars: The Rivals)
|}

== Pop Idol ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2002
|Will Young
|-
|2003
|Michelle McManus
|}

== The X Factor ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2004
|Steve Brookstein
|-
|2005
|Shayne Ward
|-
|2006
|Leona Lewis
|-
|2007
|Leon Jackson
|-
|2008
|Alexandra Burke
|-
|2009
|Joe McElderry
|-
|2010
|Matt Cardle
|-
|2011
|Little Mix
|-
|2012
|James Arthur
|-
|2013
|Sam Bailey
|-
|2014
|Ben Haenow
|-
|2015
|Louisa Johnson
|-
|2016
|Matt Terry
|-
|2017
|Rak-Su
|-
|2108
|Dalton Harris
|}

== Strictly Come Dancing ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2004
|Natasha Kaplinsky and Brendan Cole
|-
|2004
|Jill Halfpenny and Darren Bennett
|-
|2005
|Darren Gough and Lilia Kopylova
|-
|2006
|Mark Ramprakash and Karen Hardy
|-
|2007
|Alesha Dixon and Matthew Cutler
|-
|2008
|Tom Chambers and Camilla Dallerup
|-
|2009
|Chris Hollins and Ola Jordan
|-
|2010
|Kara Tointon and Artem Chigvintsev
|-
|2011
|Harry Judd and Aliona Vilani
|-
|2012
|Louis Smith and Flavia Cacace
|-
|2013
|Abbey Clancy and Aljaz Skorjanec
|-
|2014
|Caroline Flack and Pasha Kovalev
|-
|2015
|Jay McGuiness and Aliona Vilani
|-
|2016
|Ore Oduba and Joanne Clifton
|-
|2017
|Joe McFadden and Katya Jones
|-
|2018
|Stacey Dooley and Kevin Clifton
|-
|2019
|Kelvin Fletcher and Oti Mabuse
|-
|2020
|Bill Bailey and Oti Mabuse
|-
|2021
|Rose Ayling-Ellis and Giovanni Pernice
|-
|2022
|Hamza Yassin and Jowita Przystał
|-
|2023
|Ellie Lynch and Vito Coppola
|-
|2024
|Chris McCausland and Dianne Buswell
|}

== Dancing on Ice ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2006
|Gaynor Faye and Daniel Whiston
|-
|2007
|Kyran Bracken and Melanie Lambert
|-
|2008
|Suzanne Shaw and Matt Evers
|-
|2009
|Ray Quinn and Maria Filippov
|-
|2010
|Hayley Tamaddon and Daniel Whitson
|-
|2011
|Sam Attwater and Brianne Delcourt
|-
|2012
|Matthew Wolfenden and Nina Ulanova
|-
|2013
|Beth Tweddle and Daniel Whitson
|-
|2014
|Ray Quinn and Maria Filippov
|-
|2018
|Jake Quickenden and Vanessa Bauer
|-
|2019
|James Jordan and Alexandra Schauman
|-
|2020
|Joe Swash and Alex Murphy
|-
|2021
|Sonny Jay and Angela Egan
|-
|2022
|Regan Gascoigne and Karina Manta
|-
|2023
|Nile Wilson and Olivia Smart
|-
|2024
|Ryan Thomas and Amani Fancy
|}

== The Apprentice ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2005
|Tim Campbell
|-
|2006
|Michelle Dewberry
|-
|2007
|Simon Ambrose
|-
|2008
|Lee McQueen
|-
|2009
|Yasmini Siadatan
|-
|2010
|Stella English
|-
|2011
|Tom Pellereau
|-
|2012
|Ricky Martin
|-
|2013
|Leah Totton
|-
|2014
|Mark Wright
|-
|2015
|Joseph Valente
|-
|2016
|Alana Spencer
|-
|2017
|Sarah Lynn and James White
|-
|2018
|Sian Gabbidon
|-
|2019
|Carina Lepore
|-
|2020
|Not held due to COVID-19
|-
|2021
|Not held due to COVID-19
|-
|2022
|Harpreet Kaur
|-
|2023
|Marnie Swindells
|-
|2024
|Rachel Woolford
|-
|2025
|Dean Franklin
|}

== Britain's Got Talent ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2007
|Paul Potts
|-
|2008
|George Sampson
|-
|2009
|Diversity
|-
|2010
|Spelbound
|-
|2011
|Jai McDowell
|-
|2012
|Ashleigh Butler and her dog Pudsey
|-
|2013
|Attraction
|-
|2104
|Collabro
|-
|2015
|Jules O'Dwyer and her dog Matisse
|-
|2016
|Richard Jones
|-
|2017
|Tokio Myers
|-
|2018
|Lost Voice Guy
|-
|2019
|Colin Thackery
|-
|2020
|Jon Courtenay
|-
|2021
|Not held due to COVID-19
|-
|2022
|Alex Blake
|-
|2023
|Viggo Venn
|-
|2024
|Syndie Christmas
|}

== The Voice UK ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2012
|Leanne Mitchell
|-
|2013
|Andrea Begley
|-
|2014
|Jermain Jackman
|-
|2015
|Stevie McCrorie
|-
|2016
|Kevin Simm
|-
|2017
|Mo Adeniran
|-
|2018
|Ruti Olajugbagbe
|-
|2019
|Molly Hocking
|-
|2020
|Blessing Chitapa
|-
|2021
|Craig Eddie
|-
|2022
|Anthonia Edwards
|-
|2023
|Jen and Liv
|-
|2024
|AVA
|}

== Celebrity MasterChef ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2006
|Matt Dawson
|-
|2007
|Nadia Sawalha
|-
|2008
|Liz McClarnon
|-
|2009
|Jayne Middlemiss
|-
|2010
|Lisa Faulkner
|-
|2011
|Phil Vickery
|-
|2012
|Emma Kennedy
|-
|2013
|Adrian Edmondson
|-
|2104
|Sophie Thompson
|-
|2015
|Kimberly Wyatt
|-
|2016
|Alexis Conran
|-
|2017
|Angellica Bell
|-
|2018
|John Partridge
|-
|2019
|Greg Rutherford
|-
|2020
|Riyadh Khalaf
|-
|2021
|Kadeena Cox
|-
|2022
|Lisa Snowdon
|-
|2023
|Wynne Evans
|-
|2024
|Vito Coppola
|}

== The Great British Bake Off ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2010
|Edd Kimber
|-
|2011
|Joanne Wheatley
|-
|2012
|John Whaite
|-
|2013
|Frances Quinn
|-
|2014
|Nancy Birtwhistle
|-
|2015
|Nadiya Hussain
|-
|2016
|Candice Brown
|-
|2017
|Sophie Faldo
|-
|2018
|Rahul Mandal
|-
|2019
|David Atherton
|-
|2020
|Peter Sawkins
|-
|2021
|Giuseppe Dell'Anno
|-
|2022
|Syabira Yusoff
|-
|2023
|Matty Edgell
|-
|2024
|Georgie Grasso
|-
|2025
|Jasmine Mitchell
|}

== The Jump ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2014
|Joe McElderry
|-
|2015
|Joey Essex
|-
|2016
|Ben Cohen
|-
|2017
|Spencer Matthews
|}

== The Great British Sewing Bee ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2013
|Ann Rowley
|-
|2014
|Heather Jacks
|-
|2015
|Matt Chapple
|-
|2016
|Charlotte Newland
|-
|2019
|Juliet Uzor
|-
|2020
|Clare Bradley
|-
|2021
|Serena Baker
|-
|2022
|Annie Phillips
|-
|2023
|Asmaa Al-allak
|-
|2024
|Luke-Matthew Iveson
|-
|2025
|Caz
|}

== The Great Pottery Throw Down ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2015
|Matthew Wilcock
|-
|2017
|Ryan Barrett
|-
|2020
|Rosa Wiland Holmes
|-
|2021
|Jodie Neale
|-
|2022
|AJ Simpson
|-
|2023
|Lois Gunn
|-
|2024
|Donna Bloye
|-
|2025
|James Stanley Watson
|}

== RuPaul’s Drag Race UK ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2019
|The Vivienne
|-
|2021
|Lawrence Chaney
|-
|2021
|Krystal Versace
|-
|2022
|Danny Beard
|-
|2023
|Ginger Johnson
|-
|2024
|Kyran Thrax
|}

== Britain's Next Top Model ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2005
|Lucy Ratcliffe
|-
|2006
|Lianna Fowler
|-
|2007
|Lauren McEvoy
|-
|2008
|Alex Evans
|-
|2009
|Mecia Simson
|-
|2010
|Tiffany Pisani
|-
|2011
|Jade Thompson
|-
|2012
|Letitia Herod
|-
|2013
|Lauren Lambert
|-
|2016
|Chloe Keenan
|-
|2017
|Olivia Wardell
|-
|2017
|Ivy Watson
|}

== The Masked Singer ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2020
|Nicola Roberts as “Queen Bee”
|-
|2021
|Joss Stone as “Sausage”
|-
|2022
|Natalie Imbruglia as “Panda”
|-
|2023
|Charlie Simpson as “Rhino”
|-
|2024
|Danny Jones as "Piranha"
|}

== The Masked Dancer ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2021
|Louis Smith as “Carwash”
|-
|2022
|Heather Morris as “Scissors”
|}

== The Traitors ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2022
|Aaron Evans, Hannah Byczkowski, and Meryl Williams
|-
|2024
|Harry Clark
|-
|2025
|Jake Brown and Leanne Quigley
|}

== The Celebrity Traitors ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2025
|Alan Carr
|}

Sport and Leisure/Sport 2025

2025-11-11T14:57:27Z

QRNeditor: Added October notes

== January ==
Jan 2

PDC World Darts Championship semi-finals – Littler bt Bunting, Van Gerwen bt Dobey

Jan 3

PDC final – Littler bt Van Gerwen

Jan 5

United Cup final (Sydney) – USA (Gauff and Fritz) bt Poland (Swiatek and Hurkacz)

Ilona Maher makes her debut for Bristol Bears Women

Jan 6

Hideki Matsuyama sets a new PGA Tour record score for 72 holes of 35 under par in winning the event at The Sentry in Hawaii

Four Hills Tournament – Daniel Tschofenig (Austria)

Jan 7

Tomorrow's Golf League (TGL) starts at the SoFi Center in Florida. Indoor golf league created by Tiger Woods and Rory McIlroy

Jan 9

Graham Potter replaces Julen Lopetegui as manager of West Ham

David Moyes replaces Sean Dyche as manager of Everton

Neil Robertson replaces Ronne O’Sullivan for the Masters

Jan 11

FA Cup third round –Man City 8 (James McAtee 3) Salford 0

Jan 12

FA Cup third round – Spurs bt Tamworth

Jan 13

Former Scotland rugby union captain Peter Brown dies

Jan 13

Australian Open first round – Jacob Fearnley bt Nick Kyrgios

Novak Djokovic is coached by Andy Murray for the first time

Tony Book dies

Jan 16

Amad Diallo hat-trick for Man Utd against Southampton

Jan 17

Australian Open third round – Alexander Zverev bt Jacob Fearnley

Denis Law dies

Jan 18

Australian Open third round – Swiatek bt Radacanu

Justin Kluivert hat-trick for Bournemouth against Newcastle

Masters semi-finals – Murphy bt Allen, Kyren Wilson bt Trump

Sean Murphy makes a 147 break

Jan 19

Australian Open third round – Alcaraz bt Draper

Investec Champions Cup – Toulouse 80 Leicester 12

Masters final – Murphy bt Wilson

Dubai Desert Classic – Tyrell Hatton

Jan 20

International Tennis Federation World Champions. Men’s – Sinner. Women’s – Swiatek

Jan 21

Australian Open quarter-final – Djokovic bt Alcaraz

Longines World’s Best Racehorse – City of Troy and Laurel River

Jan 23

Australian Open women’s semi-finals – Sabalenka bt Badosa, Keys bt Swiatek

Jan 24

Australian Open men’s semi-finals – Zverev bt Djokovic, Sinner bt Shelton

Mixed doubles final – Peers and Gadecki bt Smith and Birrell

Wheelchair men’s doubles – Hewett and Reid

Quad Wheelchair men’s doubles – Lapthorne and Schroder

Jan 25

Australian Open women’s final – Keys bt Sabalenka

Men’s doubles final – Patten and Heliovaara bt Bolelli and Vavassori

Wheelchair men’s singles – Hewett

Dango Outarra hat-trick for Bournemouth against Nottingham Forest

World Indoor Bowls Championship. Men’s – Jason Banks. Women’s – Julie Forrest

Pegasus World Cup – White Abarrio

Jan 26

Australian Open men’s final – Sinner bt Zverev

Women’s doubles final – Siniakova and Townsend bt Hsieh and Ostapenko

AFC Championship Game – Kansas City Chiefs bt Buffalo Bills

NFC Championship Game – Philadelphia Eagles bt Washington Commanders

British Basketball League (BBL) Trophy final – Newcastle Eagles bt Bristol Flyers

WBBL Trophy final – Caledonia Gladiators bt Oaklands Wolves

Naomi Girma moves from San Diego Wave to Chelsea for $1.1 million, breaking the world record for a women's soccer transfer

Jan 27

Big Bash League final – Hobart Hurricanes bt Sydney Thunder. First title. Mitchell Owen hit a century off 39 balls

Jan 28

ICC Cricketer of the Year awards –

Men's Cricketer of the Year (Sir Garfield Sobers Trophy) – Jasprit Bumrah

Men's Test Cricketer of the Year – Jasprit Bumrah

Men's ODI Cricketer of the Year – Azmatullah Omarzai (Afghanistan)

Men's T20 Cricketer of the Year – Arshdeep Singh

Women’s Cricketer of the Year (Rachael Heyhoe Flint Trophy) – Melie Kerr

Women's ODI Cricketer of the Year – Smriti Mandhana

Women's T20 Cricketer of the Year – Melie Kerr

Jan 29

Steve Smith passes the 10,000-run mark in Test cricket

Morgan Rogers hat-trick for Aston Villa against Celtic

Jan 31

Six Nations captains and coaches –

England – Maro Itoje and Steve Borthwick

Wales – Jac Morgan and Warren Gatland

Ireland – Caelan Doris and Simon Easterby

Scotland – Rory Darge and Finn Russell (co-captains) and Gregor Townsend

France – Antoine Dupont and Fabien Galthie

Italy – Michele Lamaro and Gonzalo Quesada

Simon Easterby was named as the interim head coach of the Ireland team while Andy Farrell is in charge of the British and Irish Lions for their tour to Australia

Rory Darge and Finn Russell were named as co-captains of the Scotland team, after original captain Sione Tuipulotu was ruled out of the competition due to injury

France 43 Wales 0. Romaine Ntamack sent off

Six Nations uses twenty-minute red cards for the first time

Jos Buttler criticises India's use of pace bowler Harshit Rana as a concussion substitute in the fourth T20 international, calling the change "not a like-for-like replacement"

== February ==
Feb 1

Women's Ashes: One-off Test (Melbourne) England 170 & 148 Australia 440 (Sutherland 163, Mooney 106) Australia won by an innings and 122 runs

Australia win series 16-0

Nottingham Forest 7 (Wood 3) Brighton 0

Scotland 31 Italy 19. Hat-trick for Huw Jones

Ireland 27 England 22. Cadan Murley scores a try for England on debut

Leeds 7 Cardiff 0

Irish Gold Cup – Galopin des Champs

Feb 2

Fifth T20 international – India 247-9 (Abhishek Sharma 135) England 97. India won by 150 runs

India win series 4-1

German Masters snooker final – Kyren Wilson bt Hawkins

World Masters darts final – Humphries bt Clayton

Irish Champion Hurdle – State Man

Luka Doncic moves from Dallas Mavericks to Los Angeles Lakers. Anthony Davies is traded to the Mavericks in exchange for Doncic

Feb 3

Transfer deadline day –

Ben Chilwell moves from Chelsea to Crystal Palace on loan

Mathys Tel moves from Bayern Munich to Tottenham on loan

Nico Gonzalez moves from Porto to Man City for £50 million

Marcus Rashford moves from Man Utd to Aston Villa on loan

Marco Asensio moves from Paris St-Germain to Aston Villa on loan

Joao Felix moves from Chelsea to AC Milan on loan

Feb 5

EFL Cup semi-final – Newcastle bt Arsenal

Feb 6

EFL Cup semi-final – Liverpool bt Spurs

Premier League starts in Belfast. Chris Dobey and Stephen Bunting replace Michael Smith and Peter Wright

Mark Hughes is appointed manager of Carlisle Utd

Feb 7

NFL MVP – Josh Allen (Buffalo Bills)

Feb 8

Italy 22 Wales 15

England 26 France 25. Winning try scored by Elliot Daly

Feb 9

FA Cup 4th round – Plymouth 1 (Ryan Hardie) Liverpool 0

Scottish Cup 5th round – Rangers 0 Queen’s Park 1

Scotland 18 Ireland 32

Super Bowl LIX – Philadelphia Eagles 40 Kansas City Chiefs 22

MVP – Jalen Hurts

Game played at Superdome, New Orleans

Half time show headlined by Kendrick Lamar

Feb 11

Warran Gatland leaves as head coach of Wales. Matt Sherratt takes over as interim head coach

Feb 12

European Track Cycling Championships start in Belgium

The last Merseyside derby at Goodison Park finishes 2-2. James Tarkowski scores last-minute equaliser for Everton

Feb 13

Leigh bt Wigan with golden point after the first 0-0 draw in Super League history

Feb 14

Men’s individual pursuit – Josh Charlton

Feb 15

Women’s individual pursuit – Anna Morris, who broke the world record twice in a day

Omar Marmoush hat-trick for Man City against Newcastle

Jannik Sinner accepts a three-month ban from tennis after reaching a settlement with the World Anti-Doping Agency over his two positive drugs tests last year

St Helens 82 Salford 0

Feb 16

Uganda's Jacob Kiplimo becomes the first person to run a half marathon below 57 minutes

European Track Cycling Championships end. Netherlands topped the medal table

Welsh Open final – Selby bt Maguire

Irish jockey Michael O’Sullivan dies

Feb 17

First test event at Everton’s new stadium. First goal scored by Harrison Rimmer for Wigan under-18s

Feb 18

Champions League Knockout Round Play-offs – Bayern Munich bt Celtic

Feb 19

Champions League Knockout Round Play-offs – Mbappe hat-trick for Real Madrid against Man City

Feb 22

Wales 18 Ireland 27. Garry Ringrose receives a 20-minute red card

England 16 Scotland 15. Finn Russell misses a last-minute conversion

ICC Champions Trophy – England 351-8 (Duckett 165) Australia 356-5 (Inglis 120)

World Seniors Darts Championship final – Ross Montgomery bt Graham Usher

Dmitry Bivol bt Artur Beterbiev to win the undisputed light-heavyweight world title

Saudi Cup – Forever Young

Feb 23

Mirra Andreeva becomes the youngest player to claim a WTA 1000 title after the 17-year-old won the Dubai Tennis Championships

Italy 24 France 73. A championship record of 14 tries were scored in the match

Philippe Clement is sacked as manager of Rangers

Mikaela Shiffrin wins 100th Alpine skiing World Cup race

Feb 26

ICC Champions Trophy – Afghanistan 325-7 (Ibrahim Zadran 177) England 317 (Root 120)

== March ==
Mar 1

ICC Champions Trophy – England 179 South Africa 181-3

Joss Buttler resigns as captain of England

Wigan bt Warrington. Match played in Las Vegas, in first-ever Super League match played outside the UK

Australia Jillaroos 90 Great Britain Lionesses 4. Match played in Las Vegas

World Open final – John Higgins bt Joe O’Connor

Mar 2

UK Open darts final – Littler bt Wade

HSBC Women’s World Championship – Lydia Ko

Mar 4

ICC Champions Trophy semi-final – India bt Australia

Champions League round of 16 – PSV Eindhoven 1 Arsenal 7

LeBron James becomes the first player in NBA history to score 50,000 combined points (regular season and postseason)

Mar 5

ICC Champions Trophy semi-final – New Zealand bt South Africa

Mar 6

Fred Stolle dies

European Indoor Athletics Championships start in Apeldoorn, Netherlands

Mar 7

Lauren Price bt Natasha Jonas to unify the welterweight division

Mar 8

Ireland 27 France 42. Damian Penaud scores his 38th international try, to become France's joint top try scorer in test history (tied with Serge Blanco)

Scotland 35 Wales 29

Men’s 60m – Jeremiah Azu

Mar 9

England 47 Italy 24. 100th Test cap for Jamie George

World Grand Prix final – Robertson 10 Bingham 0

ICC Champions Trophy final (Dubai) – India bt New Zealand

Player of the Series – Rachin Ravindra (New Zealand)

Men’s 3000m – Jakob Ingebritsen. Silver – George Mills

Women’s 3000m – Sarah Healy (Ireland). Silver – Melissa Courtney-Bryant

Mar 11

Champion Hurdle – Golden Ace (Lorcan Williams), trained by Jeremy Scott. 2nd Burdett Road 3rd Winter Fog (150-1)

Supreme Novices Hurdle is renamed as a tribute to jockey Michael O'Sullivan

Champions League round of 16 – Paris St-Germain bt Liverpool

Foster and Partners to design new Man Utd stadium

Mar 12

Queen Mother Champion Chase – Marine Nationale

Mar 13

Stayers’ Hurdle – Bob Olinger

Ryanair Chase – Fact to File

Mar 14

Gold Cup – Inothewayurthinkin (Mark Walsh), trained by Gavin Cromwell. 2nd Galopin des Champs 3rd Gentlemansgame. Corbetts Cross suffered a fatal injury after a fall

Prestbury Cup – Ireland bt GB

Leading Jockey – Paul Townend

Leading Trainer – Willie Mullins

Mar 15

Italy 17 Ireland 22. Hat-trick for Dan Sheehan

Wales 14 England 68. Tommy Freeman scored in all five games. Two tries on debut for Henry Pollock

France 35 Scotland 16. Louis Bielle-Biarrey scored in all five games

Thomas Ramos becomes France's all-time top test points scorer, overtaking the record of 436 held by Frederic Michalak

Six Nations final table – France, England, Ireland, Scotland, Italy, Wales

Leading points scorer – Thomas Ramos (71)

Leading try scorer – Louis Bielle-Biarrey (8)

Player of the tournament – Louis Bielle-Biarrey

The Six Nations Championship concluded with 829 points and 108 tries scored across 15 matches – both new tournament records

Women’s League Cup final – Chelsea bt Man City

Women’s Premier League final – Mumbai Indians bt Delhi Capitals

Mar 16

EFL Cup final – Newcastle 2 (Burn, Isak) Liverpool 1 (Chiesa). Newcastle win first major trophy since 1969 Fairs Cup and first domestic silverware since 1955 FA Cup

Premiership Women's Rugby final – Gloucester-Hartpury bt Saracens

Premiership Rugby Cup final – Bath bt Exeter

Formula 1 teams –

Red Bull – Max Verstappen, Liam Lawson

McLaren – Lando Norris, Oscar Piastri

Ferrari – Charles Leclerc, Lewis Hamilton

Mercedes – George Russell, Andrea Kimi Antonelli (Italy)

Aston Martin – Fernando Alonso, Lance Stroll

Alpine – Pierre Gasly, Jack Doohan (Australia)

Racing Bulls – Yuki Tsunoda, Isack Hadjar (France)

Haas – Esteban Ocon, Oliver Bearman

Williams – Carlos Sainz, Alexander Albon

Sauber – Nico Hulkenberg, Gabriel Bortoleto (Brazil)

Australian GP – Norris, Verstappen, Russell. 5th Antonelli. 10th Hamilton

Indian Wells women’s final – Andreeva bt Sabalenka

Indian Wells men’s final – Draper bt Rune

The Players Championship – McIlroy bt J.J. Spaun in a play-off

Mar 20

Eddie Jordan dies

Kirsty Coventry is elected as the new president of the International Olympic Committee. 2nd Juan Antonio Samaranch Jr 3rd Sebastian Coe

Mar 21

World Indoor Athletics Championships start in Nanjing

Men’s 60m – Azu

England 2 (Lewis-Skelly, Kane) Albania 0

First game as England manager for Thomas Tuchel. Debuts for Myles Lewis-Skelly and Dan Burn

Mar 22

George Foreman dies

Women’s 400m – Amber Anning

Jon Lewis sacked as coach and Heather Knight sacked as captain of England women’s cricket team

Sprint race at Chinese GP won by Lewis Hamilton

Oscar Piastri takes pole position for the first time for the Chinese GP

Mar 23

Chinese GP – Piastri, Norris, Russell

Men’s 1500m – Ingebrigtsen. Silver – Neil Gourley

Women’s 1500m. Bronze – Georgia Hunter Bell

USA topped the medal table

Players Championship final – Kyren Wilson bt Trump

Mar 24

Morgan Rogers debut for England against Latvia. First England goal for Eberechi Eze

Mar 25

TGL final – Atlanta Drive GC bt New York GC

Mar 26

Liam Lawson swaps places with Japanese driver Yuki Tsunoda and return to Red Bull's second team, Racing Bulls, after being dropped by Red Bull after two races

Mar 27

Peter Lever dies

Alpine Ski World Cup –

Men’s overall and downhill – Marco Odermatt

Women’s overall and downhill – Federica Brignone

Mar 28

Daria Kasatkina switches her allegiance to Australia

Mar 29

Miami Open women’s final – Sabalenka bt Pegula

Miami Open men’s doubles final – Arevalo and Pavic bt Cash and Glasspool

World Figure Skating Championships (Boston) –

Men – Ilia Malinin (USA)

Women – Aylsa Liu (USA)

Pairs – Riku Miura and Ryuichi Kihara (Japan)

Ice dance – Madison Chock and Evan Bates (USA). Bronze – Lilah Fear and Lewis Gibson

Mar 30

Scottish Challenge Cup final –Livingston bt Queen’s Park

Men’s Ski Jumping World Cup – Daniel Tschofenig

Women’s Ski Jumping World Cup – Nika Prevc

Freestyle Ski and Snowboard World Championships (St Moritz) –

Women’s ski halfpipe – Zoe Atkin

Women’s snowboard cross. Silver – Charlotte Bankes

Lincoln Handicap – Godwinson

Miami Open men’s final – Jakub Mensik (Czech Republic) bt Djokovic

Rory McIlroy becomes the second golfer after Tiger Woods to exceed $100m (£77m) in career earnings on the PGA Tour

== April ==
Apr 1

Charlotte Edwards is appointed head coach of England women’s cricket team

Apr 3

Aintree Hurdle – Lossiemouth

Apr 4

Melling Chase – Jonbon

Topham Chase – Gentleman De Mee

Apr 5

Grand National – Nick Rockett (Patrick Mullins), trained by Willie Mullins 2nd I Am Maximus 3rd Grangeclare West

Willie Mullins trained the horses that finished first, second, third, fifth and seventh

Celebre d’Allen died following the race. Jockey Michael Nolan was handed a 10-day suspension

Champions Cup round of 16 – Toulon 72 Saracens 42

Champions Cup round of 16 – Leinster 62 Harlequins 0

Dubai World Cup – Hit Show

Apr 6

Japanese GP – Verstappen, Norris, Piastri

Somerset 670-7 (Banton 371) vs Worcestershire

Southampton are the first Premier League side to be relegated with seven games left after losing to Spurs

Tour Championship snooker final – Higgins bt Selby

Alex Ovechkin becomes the National Hockey League's highest all-time scorer by hitting his 895th career goal to surpass Wayne Gretzky's 31-year mark

Apr 7

Harry Brook is named England white-ball captain

Apr 9

Masters par 3 contest – Nicolas Echavarria

Apr 11

Jimmy Anderson is awarded a knighthood in Rishi Sunak's resignation honours list

Apr 12

Semi-automated offsides start in Premier League

Scottish Grand National – Captain Cody

Apr 13

Bahrain GP – Piastri, Russell, Norris

The Masters – McIlroy 2nd Rose 3rd Reed

McIlroy won on first play-off hole

The Boat Race – Cambridge win men’s and women’s races

EFL Trophy final – Peterborough bt Birmingham. Currently known as the Vertu Trophy for sponsorship reasons

Apr 14

Jackson Page becomes the first player to make a maximum 147 break twice in one match in qualifier for the World Snooker Championship, winning £147,000

Apr 15

Champions League quarter-finals – PSG bt Aston Villa, Barcelona bt Borussia Dortmund

Apr 16

Champions League quarter-finals – Arsenal bt Real Madrid, Inter Milan bt Bayern Munich

Apr 17

Europa League quarter-final – Athletic Bilbao bt Rangers, Man Utd bt Lyon 5-4 (7-6 on aggregate)

Apr 19

Fourteen-year-old Vaibhav Suryavanshi hits his first ball for six having become the youngest player to ever feature in the Indian Premier League

World Snooker Championship first round – Lei Peifan bt Kyren Wilson

Apr 20

Saudi Arabia GP – Piastri, Verstappen, Leclerc

Apr 21

Leeds Utd 6 (Joel Piroe 4) Stoke 0. Leeds are promoted to the Premier League

Irish Grand National – Haiti Couleurs

Wisden leading cricketers in the world – Jasprit Bumrah and Smriti Mandhana

Cricketers of the Year – Gus Atkinson, Liam Dawson, Sophie Ecclestone, Jamie Smith, Dan Worrall

World's leading T20 player – Nicholas Pooran

Laureus World Sports Awards –

Sportsman of the Year award – Mondo Duplantis

Sportswoman of the Year award – Simone Biles

Team of the Year award – Real Madrid

Breakthrough of the Year award – Lamine Yamal

Comeback of the Year award – Rebeca Andrade

Sportsperson of the Year with a Disability award – Yuyan Jiang (Chinese para swimmer)

Action Sportsperson of the Year award – Tom Pidcock

Sport for Good award – Kick4Life (football in Lesotho)

Apr 24

World Snooker Championship first round – Ben Woolaston bt Mark Selby

Apr 25

World Snooker Championship second round – Mark Allen 147 against Chris Wakelin

Apr 26

FA Cup semi-final – Crystal Palace bt Aston Villa

Women's Six Nations – England 43 France 42

England win a fourth consecutive Women's Six Nations Grand Slam and a seventh straight title

Top points scorer –

Morgane Bourgeois (France) 73

Top try scorer – Abby Dow (England) 6

Chris Eubank Jr bt Conor Benn. Fight held at Tottenham Hotspur Stadium

Apr 27

London Marathon –

Men’s – Sabastian Sawe (Kenya). 14th Alex Yee

Women’s – Tigst Assefa (Ethiopia) in a women's-only record time. 8th Eilish McColgan

Men’s wheelchair – Marcel Hug (Switzerland). Seventh win

Women’s wheelchair – Catherine Debrunner (Switzerland)

FA Cup semi-final – Man City bt Nottingham Forest

Liverpool 5 Spurs 1. Liverpool win 20th title

Women’s Champions League semi-finals – Barcelona bt Chelsea 8-2 on aggregate, Arsenal bt Lyon

Gloucester 79 Exeter17

NFL draft first pick – Cam Ward (Tennessee Titans)

Chevron Championship – Mao Saigo (Japan)

EFL Awards –

Championship Manager of the Year – Scott Parker (Burnley)

Championship Player of the Year – Gustavo Hamer (Sheffield Utd)

Championship Young Player of the Year – Jobe Bellingham (Sunderland)

Apr 28

Rajasthan Royals' 14-year-old batter Vaibhav Suryavanshi becomes the youngest player to hit a century in men's T20s

Apr 29

Nat Sciver-Brunt is appointed as captain of England women’s cricket team

== May ==
May 2

Gregg Popovich steps down from his position as head coach of the San Antonio Spurs after 29 seasons with the team

May 3

2000 Guineas – Ruling Court (William Buick), trained by Charlie Appleby

Kentucky Derby – Sovereignty

World Snooker Championship semi-finals – Zhao Xintong bt O’Sullivan 17-7, Williams bt Trump 17-14

Kimi Antonelli, aged 18, becomes the youngest driver to take a Formula 1 pole position in the sprint event at the Miami Grand Prix

British jump trainers' championship – Willie Mullins

British jump jockeys' championship – Sean Bowen

European Champions Cup semi-final – Leinster 34 Northampton 37

May 4

1000 Guineas – Desert Flower (William Buick), trained by Charlie Appleby

Madrid Open men’s final – Ruud bt Draper

European Champions Cup semi-final – Bordeaux bt Toulouse

Peter McParland dies

Miami GP – Piastri, Norris, Russell

World Rugby Sevens Series (SVNS) – Argentina

May 5

World Snooker Championship final – Zhao Xintong bt Williams 18-12

Jochen Mass dies

May 6

Champions League semi-final – Inter Milan bt Barcelona 7-6 on aggregate

May 7

Champions League semi-final – PSG bt Arsenal

Argentine Franco Colapinto will drive for Alpine for the next five Grands Prix, replacing Jack Doohan

NHL expansion team Utah Hockey Club are renamed Utah Mammoth

May 8

Europa League semi-finals – Spurs bt Bodo / Glint (Norway), Man Utd bt Athletic Bilbao

Europa Conference League semi-final – Chelsea bt Djurgarden (Sweden), Real Betis bt Fiorentina

May 9

FWA Footballer of the Year – Mo Salah

Women’s Award – Alessia Russo (Arsenal)

Giro d’Italia starts in Durres, Albania

May 10

World Snooker Tour Player of the Year – Judd Trump

Saracens 75 Newcastle 28

Women’s Super League – Chelsea. Sixth successive title

May 11

FA Trophy final – Aldershot Town bt Spennymoor Town

FA Vase final – Whitstable Town bt AFC Whyteleafe

World Snooker Seniors Championship final – Alfie Burden bt Aaron Canavan

Badminton Horse Trials – Rosalind Canter, riding Lordships Graffalo

May 12

Real Madrid manager Carlo Ancelotti will leave at the end of the season to become the new national team coach of Brazil

May 17

FA Cup final – Crystal Palace 1 (Eze) Man City 0. Henderson saved a penalty from Marmoush

Italian Open women’s final – Paolini bt Gauff

Preakness Stakes – Journalism

May 18

Women’s FA Cup final – Chelsea bt Man Utd

Italian Open men’s final – Alcaraz bt Sinner

Everton 2 (Ndiaye 2) Southampton 0. Final Premier League match at Goodison Park. The new arena at Bramley Moore Dock is now known as the Hill Dickinson Stadium

Jamie Vardy scores his 200th goal for Leicester City in his 500th - and final - appearance for the club

Emilia-Romagna Grand Prix (Imola) – Verstappen, Norris, Piastri

US PGA Championship (Quail Hollow) – Scheffler. 2nd DeChambeau, Harris English, Davis Riley

World Squash Championships (Chicago). Men – Mostafa Asal (Egypt). Women – Nour El Sherbini (Egypt). 8th title for El Sherbini

Super League Basketball Championship final – Leicester Riders bt Newcastle Eagles

Women's Super League play-off final – Sheffield Hatters bt Oaklands Wolves

May 20

Nino Benvenuti dies

May 21

Europa League final (Bilbao) – Spurs 1 (Johnson) Man Utd 0

May 22

Sam Cook makes debut for England against Zimbabwe

May 23

European Challenge Cup final (Cardiff) – Bath bt Lyon

May 24

Championship play-off final – Sunderland 2 Sheffield Utd 1. Winning goal scored by Tom Watson

Promoted – Leeds, Burnley, Sunderland

Relegated – Luton, Plymouth, Cardiff

Leading scorer – Joel Piroe (Leeds) 19 goals

Burnley only conceded 16 goals, and did not concede more than one goal in any match

Scottish Cup final – Aberdeen bt Celtic

Women’s Champions League final (Lisbon) – Arsenal 1 (Blackstenius) Barcelona 0

Champions Cup final (Cardiff) – Bordeaux 28 Northampton 20. Man-of-the-match – Maxime Lucu

Premier League player of the season – Mo Salah

One-off Test (Trent Bridge) England 565-6 dec (Pope 171, Duckett 140, Crawley 124) Zimbabwe 265 (Bennett 139) and 255 (Bashir 6-81). England won by an innings and 45 runs

May 25

Premier League – Liverpool. 2nd Arsenal. 3rd Man City

Relegated – Leicester, Ipswich, Southampton

Leading Scorer – Mo Salah (Liverpool) 29 goals

Southampton ended the season with 12 points, one more than Derby County's record Premier League low total of 11 points from 2007-08

League One play-off final – Charlton bt Leyton Orient

Promoted – Birmingham, Wrexham, Charlton

Relegated – Bristol Rovers, Crawley, Cambridge, Shrewsbury

Leading scorer – Charlie Kelman (Leyton Orient) 21 goals

Birmingham ended the season with an EFL record 111 points

Monaco GP – Norris, Leclerc, Piastri

Xabi Alonso leaves Bayer Leverkusen to become manager of Real Madrid

Erik Ten Hag is appointed head coach of Bayer Leverkusen

Indianapolis 500 – Alex Palou

Pakistan Super League final – Lahore Qalandars bt Quetta Gladiators

Men's Ice Hockey World Championships – USA

World’s strongest man – Rayno Nel (South Africa)

May 26

League Two play-off final – Wimbledon bt Walsall

Promoted – Doncaster, Port Vale, Bradford City, Wimbledon

Relegated – Carlisle, Morecambe

Leading scorer – Michael Cheek (Bromley)

Scottish Premiership – Celtic. 2nd Rangers

Relegated – St. Johnstone, Ross County

Leading scorer – Cyriel Dessers (Rangers)

Scottish Premiership play-off – Livingston bt Ross County

Scottish Championship – Falkirk

Scottish League One – Arbroath

Scottish League Two – Peterhead

Highland League – Brora Rangers

Lowland League – East Kilbride

Scottish League Two play-off final – East Kilbride bt Bonnyrigg Rose

European Artistic Gymnastics Championships start in Leipzig

May 27

Premier League Manager of the Season – Arne Slot

League Managers Association manager of the year – Arne Slot

Serie A – Napoli. MVP – Scott McTominay (Napoli)

La Liga – Barcelona

Bundesliga – Bayern Munich

Primeira Liga – Sporting CP

Ligue 1 – Paris St-Germain

Eredivisie – PSV Eindhoven

World Women's Snooker Championship – Bai Yulu

Men’s Team gymnastics – GB

May 28

Europa Conference League final (Wroclaw) – Chelsea 4 Real Betis 1

French Open women’s singles second round – Swiatek bt Radacanu

Mixed Team. Silver – GB (Jake Jarman and Ruby Evans)

May 29

French Open women’s singles second round – Keys bt Boulter

Premier League Darts finals night (O2 Arena). Semi-finals – Humphries bt Aspinall, Littler bt Price. Final – Humphries bt Littler

May 30

Men’s Floor – Luke Whitehouse. Silver – Harry Hepworth

Jeremie Frimpong moves from Bayer Leverkusen to Liverpool

May 31

Champions League final (Munich) – Paris St-Germain 5 Inter Milan 0. Desire Doue scores two goals and was named man of the match

Bath finish top of Premiership Rugby. Newcastle Falcons finish bottom

A-League Grand Final – Melbourne City bt Melbourne Victory

French Open men’s singles third round – Norrie bt Fearnley

Men’s vault. Silver – Jake Jarman

== June ==
Jun 1

National League Promotion Play-offs final – Oldham bt Southend

National League champions – Barnet

Spanish GP – Piastri, Russell, Leclerc

Joe Root becomes England's leading run-scorer in ODI cricket, overtaking Eoin Morgan (6,957 runs)

U.S. Women’s Open – Maja Stark (Sweden)

Giro d’Italia – Simon Yates (Visma-Lease a Bike)

Jun 2

French Open men’s singles fourth round – Djokovic bt Norrie, Bublik bt Draper

Jun 3

Premiership Rugby player of the year – Tomos Williams (Gloucester)

Premiership Women's Rugby player of the year – Meg Jones (Leicester)

England player of the year – Tommy Freeman (Northampton)

England women player of the year – Zoe Aldcroft (Gloucester-Hartpury)

Breakthrough player of the season – Henry Pollock (Northampton)

Indian Premier League final – Royal Challengers Bengaluru bt Punjab Kings

Player of the series – Suryakumar Yadav (Mumbai Indians)

Most runs (Orange Cap) – Sai Sudharsan (Gujarat Titans)

Most wickets (Purple Cap) – Prasidh Krishna (Gujarat Titans)

UEFA Nations League semi-final – Portugal bt Germany

Jun 5

French Open women’s semi-finals – Sabalenka bt Swiatek, Gauff bt Lois Boisson (France)

Lois Boisson was a wildcard and world number 361

French Open mixed doubles final – Errani and Vavassori bt Townsend and King

UEFA Nations League semi-final – Spain 5 France 4

Russell Martin is appointed as manager of Rangers

Jun 6

French Open men’s semi-finals – Alcaraz bt Musetti, Sinner bt Djokovic

Ange Postecoglou sacked as manager of Spurs

Premiership Rugby semi-final – Bath bt Bristol

The Oaks – Minnie Hauk (Ryan Moore), trained by Aidan O’Brien

Jun 7

Epsom Derby – Lambourn (Wayne Lordan), trained by Aidan O’Brien. 2nd Lazy Griff 3rd Tennessee

French Open women’s final – Gauff bt Sabalenka

French Open men’s doubles final – Granollers and Zeballos bt Salisbury and Skupski

Premiership Rugby semi-final – Leicester bt Sale

Women’s Challenge Cup final – Wigan bt St Helens

Challenge Cup final – Hull KR bt Warrington. Lance Todd trophy – Marc Sneyd (Warrington)

Belmont Stakes – Sovereignty

Jun 8

French Open men’s final – Alcaraz bt Sinner. The match lasted five hours and 29 minutes - the longest French Open final in history

French Open women’s doubles final – Errani and Paolini bt Danilina and Krunic

UEFA Nations League final – Portugal 2 Spain 2. Portugal won on penalties

Jun 9

Uriah Rennie dies

Jun 10

England 1 Senegal 3. First time that England have lost to an African nation. Match played at City Ground, Nottingham

First summer transfer window closes –

Matheus Cunha moves from Wolves to Man Utd

Dean Huisjen moves from Bournemouth to Real Madrid

Rayan Ait-Nouri moves from Wolves to Man City

Rayan Cherki moves from Lyon to Man City

Tijjani Reijnders moves from AC Milan to Man City

Liam Delap moves from Ipswich to Chelsea

Jobe Bellingham moves from Sunderland to Borussia Dortmund

Nicholas Pooran retires from international cricket

Jun 12

Kevin de Bruyne moves from Man City to Napoli

Trent Alexander-Arnold moves from Liverpool to Real Madrid

Brentford manager Thomas Frank moves to Spurs

Patrick Reed makes albatross in first round of US Open

Aaron Rodgers moves from New York Jets to Pittsburgh Steelers

Jun 14

ICC World Test Championship final (Lord’s) – Australia 212 (Rabada 5-51) and 207 South Africa 138 (Cummins 6-28) and 282-5 (Markram 136). South Africa won by five wickets

Premiership Rugby final – Bath 23 Leicester 21. Man of the match – Guy Pepper. Bath’s first title since 1996

Premiership Rugby top try scorer – Ollie Hassell-Collins (Leicester), Gabriel Ibitoye (Bristol) 13 tries

Premiership Rugby top points scorer – Finn Russell (Bath) 156 points

United Rugby Championship final – Leinster bt Bulls

World Cup of Darts second round – Germany bt England (Littler and Humphries)

King’s Birthday Honours –

Knighthood – David Beckham, Billy Boston

CBE – Virginia Wade

OBE – Deta Hedman, Devon Malcolm

MBE – Luke Littler, Luke Humphries, Michael Dunlop

Jun 15

Canadian GP – Russell, Verstappen, Antonelli. First podium for Antonelli

WTA Queen's Club Championships final – Tatjana Maria (Germany) bt Amanda Anisimova (USA)

World Cup of Darts final – Northern Ireland (Gurney and Rock) bt Wales (Price and Clayton)

US Open (Oakmont) – Spaun. 2nd Macintyre. 3rd Hovland

Le Mans 24 Hours – Ferrari 499P (Robert Kubica, Yifei Ye, Phil Hanson)

FIFA Club World Cup Group C – Bayern Munich 10 Auckland City 0

English Greyhound Derby – Droopys Plunge

Jun 17

St James’s Palace Stakes – Field of Gold

Stanley Cup finals – Florida Panthers bt Edmonton Oilers

Finals MVP – Sam Bennett

Regular season MVP – Connor Hellebuyck (Winnipeg Jets)

Regular season top scorer – Nikita Kucherov (Tampa Bay Lightning)

Jun 18

Prince of Wales's Stakes – Ombudsman

Royal Hunt Cup – My Cloud

Jun 19

Gold Cup – Trawlerman (William Buick)

King George V Stakes – Merchant

Jun 20

Coronation Stakes – Cercene

Leading jockey at Ascot – Ryan Moore

Leading trainer at Ascot – John and Thady Gosden

Florian Wirtz moves from Bayer Leverkusen to Liverpool for £116 million

British and Irish Lions 24 Argentina 28. Match played in Dublin

Jun 21

ATP Queen's Club Championships semi-finals – Jiri Lehecka (Czech Republic) bt Draper, Alcaraz bt Bautista Agut

Ian McLauchlan dies

Super Rugby Pacific final – Crusaders bt Chiefs

Jun 22

ATP Queen's Club Championships final – Alcaraz bt Lehecka

ATP Queen's Club Championships doubles final – Cash and Glasspool bt Mektic and Venus

David ‘Syd’ Lawrence dies

NBA finals – Oklahoma City Thunder bt Indiana Pacers

Finals MVP – Shai Gilgeous-Alexander (Oklahoma City Thunder)

Regular season MVP – Shai Gilgeous-Alexander

Regular season top scorer – Shai Gilgeous-Alexander

Women’s PGA Championship – Minjee Lee

Hickstead Derby – Robert Whitaker

Jun 24

Anderson–Tendulkar Trophy is awarded to the winner of each Test cricket series between England and India

First Test (Headingley) India 471 (Gill 147, Pant 134, Jaiswal 101) and 364 (Rahul 137, Pant 118) England 465 (Pope 106, Brook 99, Bumrah 5-83) & 373-5 (Duckett 149) England won by five wickets

Josh Tongue took three wickets in four balls

Jun 25

18-year-old Cooper Flagg is selected with the first overall pick by Dallas Mavericks in the NBA draft

Jun 26

Milos Kerkez moves from Bournemouth to Liverpool

Jun 27

Keith Andrews is appointed as manager of Brentford

Ruud van Nistelrooy is sacked as manager of Leicester City

Jun 28

British and Irish Lions bt Western Force in the first game of their tour of Australia

Tomos Williams sustains a hamstring injury ruling him out for the rest of the tour, leaving Jac Morgan as the only Welsh player in the squad

Women’s T20 – India 210-5 (Mandhana 112) England 113

UEFA U21 Championship final (Bratislava) – England 3 Germany 2. Winning goal scored by Jonathan Rowe

Player of the tournament – Harvey Elliott

Eastbourne International women’s final – Joint bt Eala

Eastbourne International men’s final – Fritz bt Brooksby

Top 14 final – Toulouse bt Bordeaux-Begles

Jun 29

Wayne Larkins dies

Austrian GP – Norris, Piastri, Leclerc. 8th Bortoleto, scoring his first points in Formula 1

Irish Derby – Lambourn

Jun 30

Surrey 820-9 dec (Sibley 305) against Durham

FIFA Club World Cup Last 16 – Al-Hilal 4 Man City 3

== July ==
Jul 2

UEFA Women's Euro 2025 starts in Switzerland

Wimbledon men’s singles second round – Alvarez bt Oliver Tarvet

Jarell Quansah moves from Liverpool to Bayer Leverkusen

Joao Pedro moves from Brighton to Chelsea

Jul 3

Diogo Jota dies

Wimbledon men’s singles second round – Djokovic bt Evans, Cilic bt Draper

Jul 4

Wimbledon women’s singles third round – Sabalenka bt Radacanu

Jul 5

Coral-Eclipse Stakes – Delacroix

Tour de France Grand Depart takes place in Lille

Group D – France 2 England 1

Kyle Walker moves from Man City to Burnley

Jul 6

British GP – Norris, Piastri, Hulkenberg. First-ever podium for Hulkenberg

Second Test (Edgbaston) India 587 (Gill 269) and 428-6 dec (Gill 161) England 407 (Brook 158, Smith 184, Siraj 6-70) and 271 (Deep 6-99) India won by 336 runs

Wimbledon women’s singles fourth round – Anastasia Pavlyuchenkova bt Sonay Kartal

Netball Super League grand final – London Pulse bt Loughborough Lightning

Copa America final (Houston) – Mexico bt USA

Martin Zubimendi moves from Real Sociedad to Arsenal

Jul 7

South Africa’s captain Wiann Mulder declares on 367 not out against Zimbabwe

Jul 8

Wimbledon men’s singles quarter-final – Alcaraz bt Norrie

FIFA Club World Cup semi-final – Chelsea 2 Fluminense 0. Joao Pedro scores both goals on his Chelsea debut

Jul 9

Laurent Mekies replaces Christian Horner as team principal at Red Bull

FIFA Club World Cup semi-final – PSG 4 Real Madrid 0

Group D – England 4 Netherlands 0

State of Origin – Queensland Maroons bt New South Wales Blues

Jul 10

Mohammed Kudus moves from West Ham to Spurs for £55 million

Wimbledon women’s singles semi-finals – Anisimova bt Sabalenka, Swiatek bt Bencic

Wimbledon mixed doubles final – Siniakova and Verbeek bt Stefani and Salisbury

Jul 11

World Aquatics Championships start in Singapore

Wimbledon men’s singles semi-finals – Alcaraz bt Fritz, Sinner bt Djokovic

Joe Root breaks Rahul Dravid’s record of 210 Test match catches by a non-wicketkeeper

Crystal Palace demoted from Europa League over ownership rules

Anthony Elanga moves from Nottingham Forest to Newcastle

Jul 12

Wimbledon women’s singles final – Swiatek bt Anisimova 6-0 6-0. First double bagel in a Wimbledon final since 1911

Wimbledon men’s doubles final – Cash and Glasspool bt Hijikata and Pel. First all-British pair to win the men's doubles since 1936

Men’s doubles wheelchair – De La Puente and Spaargaren bt Hewett and Reid

Women’s wheelchair – Wang Ziying

Wales rugby union team break 18-match losing run with win in Japan

Jul 13

Wimbledon men’s singles final – Sinner bt Alcaraz

Wimbledon women’s doubles final – Kudermetova and Mertens bt Hsieh and Ostapenko

Men’s wheelchair – Oda bt Hewett

Scottish Open – Chris Gotterup (USA)

Evian Championship – Grace Kim. 3rd Lottie Woad

FIFA Club World Cup final (MetLife Stadium, New Jersey) – Chelsea 3 (Palmer 2, Joao Pedro) PSG 0

Group D – England 6 Wales 1

Jul 14

Third Test (Lord’s) England 387 (Root 104, Bumrah 5-74) and 192 India 387 (Rahul 100) and 170 England won by 22 runs

Ben Healy becomes the first Irish rider to claim the yellow jersey in the Tour de France for 38 years

Australia bowl out West Indies for 27, just one run more than New Zealand's 26 all out against England in 1955. Mitchell Starc took 6-9, including his 400th Test wicket

Jul 17

Canada forward Olivia Smith becomes the most expensive signing in women's football history by completing a £1m move to Arsenal from Liverpool

Quarter-final – England 2 (Bronze, Agyemang) Sweden 2. England win 3-2 on penalties

Nine of the 14 penalties in the shootout were missed

Ruth Chepngetich, the women's marathon world record holder, is provisionally suspended after testing positive for a banned substance

Jul 18

Noni Madueke moves from Chelsea to Arsenal

Sean Longstaff moves from Newcastle to Leeds

Jul 19

First Test (Suncorp Stadium, Brisbane) – Australia 19 British and Irish Lions 27

First Lions try scored by Sione Tuipulotu

Oleksandr Usyk stops Daniel Dubois to reclaim undisputed heavyweight title

Quarter-final – Germany 1 France 1. Germany win 6-5 on penalties

Hole in one for John Parry at The Open Championship

Jul 20

The Open Championship (Royal Portrush) – Scheffler. 2nd English. 3rd Gotterup

All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship final – Tipperary bt Cork

Jul 21

Bryan Mbeumo moves from Brentford to Man Utd for £65 million

Jul 22

Semi-final – England 2 (Agyemang, Kelly) Italy 1

Joey Jones dies

British and Irish Lions bt First Nations & Pacifica XV

Jul 23

Semi-final – Spain 1 Germany 0

Championship League Snooker final – Maguire bt O’Connor

Hugo Ekitike moves from Eintracht Frankfurt Liverpool for £69 million

Marcus Rashford moves from Man Utd to Barcelona on loan

Jul 24

Hulk Hogan dies

Jul 25

Root overtakes Kallis, Dravid and Ponting to go second in all-time Test run-scorers' list

Jul 26

Second Test (MCG) – Australia 26 British and Irish Lions 29. Winning try scored by Hugo Keenan

King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes – Calandagan

Ray French dies

Viktor Gyokeres moves from Sporting to Arsenal for £64 million

Jul 27

UEFA Women’s Euro final (Basel) – England 1 (Russo) Spain 1 (Caldentey). England won 3-1 on penalties. Winning penalty scored by Chloe Kelly. Player of the Match – Hannah Hampton

Top scorer – Esther Gonzalez (Spain) 4 goals

Best player – Aitana Bonmati (Spain)

Best young player – Michelle Agyemang

Tour de France – 1st Tadej Pogacar (UAE Team Emirates XRG) 2nd Jonas Vingegaard 3rd Florian Lipowitz 4th Oscar Onley

Points – Jonathan Milan

Mountains – Tadej Pogacar

Youth – Florian Lipowitz

Combativity – Ben Healy

Team – Visma-Lease a Bike

Belgium GP – Piastri, Norris, Leclerc

Fourth Test (Old Trafford) India 358 (Stokes 5-72) and 425-4 (Jadeja 107*, Gill 103, Sundar 101*) England 669 (Root 150, Stokes 141) Match drawn

World Matchplay final – Littler bt Wade. Littler completes the Triple Crown of World Championship, Premier League, and World Matchplay

Women’s World Matchplay final – Ashton bt Sherrock

Formula E World Championship – Oliver Rowland (Nissan)

All-Ireland Senior Football Championship final – Kerry bt Donegal

Senior Open Championship – Padraig Harrington

Lottie Woad wins Women’s Scottish Open on professional debut

Jul 28

Morecambe are suspended from the National League

Jul 29

Goodwood Cup – Scandinavia

James Trafford moves from Burnley to Man City

Joao Felix moves from Chelsea to Al-Nassr

Women’s 3m synchronised springboard. Silver – GB (Scarlet Mew Jensen and Yasmin Harper)

Jul 30

Leon Marchand breaks Ryan Lochte’s 200m medley world record

Sussex Stakes – Qirat, at odds of 150-1

Luis Diaz moves from Liverpool to Bayern Munich for £65 million

Granit Xhaka moves from Bayer Leverkusen to Sunderland

Jul 31

Nassau Stakes – Whirl

Men’s 100m freestyle – David Popovici

Popovici retained the titles in the 100m and 200m freestyle events

== August ==
Aug 1

Yu Zidi, aged 12, becomes the youngest swimmer in history to win a medal at the World Aquatics Championships

Men’s 4x200m freestyle relay – GB (Richards, Guy, McMillan, Scott)

Aug 2

Third Test (Stadium Australia, Sydney) Australia 22 British and Irish Lions 12. Lions win series 2-1

Top tour try scorer – Duhan van de Merwe (5)

Top tour points scorer – Finn Russell (44)

Top points scorer for Lions in Test matches – Finn Russell (15)

Top points scorer for Australia in Test matches – Tom Lynagh (14)

Women's Rugby World Cup warm-up – England 97 Spain 7

Men’s 50m freestyle – Cameron McEvoy (Australia). Silver – Ben Proud

Women’s 800m freestyle – Katie Ledecky. Seventh consecutive win

Aug 3

AIG Women's Open (Royal Porthcawl) – Miyu Yamashita (Japan). 2nd Charley Hull

Hungarian GP – Norris, Piastri, Russell

Shanghai Masters final – Kyren Wilson bt Carter

Tour de France Femmes – Pauline Ferrand Prevot

China finished top of the medal table at the World Aquatics Championships

Summer McIntosh won four gold medals

Aug 4

Fifth Test (The Oval) – India 224 (Atkinson 5-33) and 396 (Jaiswal 118, Tongue 5-125) England 247 and 367 (Brook 111, Root 105, Siraj 5-104). India won by six runs. Series drawn 2-2

Chris Woakes came out to bat with his arm in a sling to support Gus Atkinson when England needed 17 to win

Aug 6

Son Heung-min moves from Spurs to Los Angeles FC

Steve Tandy appointed as head coach of Wales rugby union team

Aug 7

Benjamin Sesko moves from RB Leipzig to Man Utd for £74 million

Canadian Open – Victoria Mboko, a wildcard who began the year ranked 333rd in the world

Aug 9

Darwin Nunez moves from Liverpool to Al-Hilal

Arlington Million – Fort Washington

Aug 10

Community Shield – Crystal Palace bt Liverpool. Hugo Ekitike and Jeremie Frimpong score on debut for Liverpool

Hull FC 80 Salford 6

Aug 12

Red Bull take over Newcastle Falcons

Former Premier League referee David Coote is given an eight-week suspension by the Football Association for comments made about Jurgen Klopp on social media

Jack Grealish moves from Man City to Everton on loan

Aug 13

UEFA Super Cup (Udine) – PSG bt Spurs

Aug 15

First goal in Premier League – Hugo Ekitike for Liverpool against Bournemouth

Premier League shirt sponsors: Burnley – 96.com, Leeds Utd – Red Bull, Nottingham Forest – Bally’s, Sunderland – W88, West Ham – BoyleSports

Ronnie O'Sullivan compiles two 147 breaks in his victory over Chris Wakelin in the semi-finals of the Saudi Arabia Masters

Aug 16

Former Australia Test captain and coach Bob Simpson dies

First red card in Premier League – Ezri Konsa for Aston Villa against Newcastle

Oval Invincibles score 226-4 in The Hundred. Highest-ever score in the competition

Saudi Arabia Masters final – Robertson bt O’Sullivan

Dango Ouattara moves from Bournemouth to Brentford

Aug 17

Jacob Ramsey moves from Aston Villa to Newcastle

LIV Golf individual champion – Jon Rahm

BMW Championship – Scheffler. 2nd MacIntyre

Aug 19

PFA Awards –

Men’s player of the year – Mo Salah

Men’s young player of the year – Morgan Rogers

Women’s player of the year – Mariona Caldentey

Women's young player of the year – Olivia Smith

US Open mixed doubles matches are played in best-of-three-sets with short sets to four games, no-advantage scoring, tiebreakers at four-all, and a 10-point match tiebreak in lieu of a third set

US Open mixed doubles round of 16 – Pegula and Draper bt Raducanu and Alcaraz

Aug 20

Panjab Warriors purchase Morecambe FC. Ashvir Singh Johal becomes the first Sikh to take charge of a professional British club with his appointment as Morecambe manager

US Open mixed doubles semi-finals – Swiatek and Ruud bt Pegula and Draper

Final – Errani and Vavassori bt Swiatek and Ruud

Fluminense goalkeeper Fabio makes his 1391st appearance in men’s football, breaking Peter Shilton’s world record

Aug 22

Women’s Rugby World Cup Pool A (Stadium of Light) – England 69 United States 7. First try scored by Sadia Kabeya

Aug 23

Eberechi Eze moves from Crystal Palace to Arsenal for £60 million

15-year-old Max Dowman makes debut for Arsenal

Scotland bt Wales. Hat-trick for Francesca McGhie

Julia Schell scores six tries for Canada against Fiji

Vuelta a Espana starts in Turin

Aug 24

Iliman Ndiaye scores first goal in Premier League at Everton’s new stadium, against Brighton

Tour Championship and FedEx Cup – Tommy Fleetwood. First PGA Tour win

Aug 25

16-year-old Rio Ngumoha scores winning goal for Liverpool against Newcastle Utd

Tyler Dibling moves from Southampton to Everton

Aug 26

Champions League play-offs – Kairat Almaty bt Celtic

Aug 27

Carabao Cup – Grimsby 2 Man Utd 2. Grimsby won 12-11 on penalties. Bryan Mbuemo missed the last penalty

Carabao Cup – Oxford Utd 0 Brighton 6

Champions League play-offs – Club Brugge 6 Rangers 0. Club Brugge won 9-1 on aggregate

Aug 28

Diamond League Final (Weltklasse, Zurich)

Men’s 100m – Christian Coleman

Men’s 200m – Noah Lyles

Men’s 400m – Jacory Patterson

Men’s 800m – Emmanuel Wanyonyi. 2nd Max Burgin

Men’s 400m hurdles – Karsten Warholm

Men’s high jump – Hamish Kerr

Men’s pole vault – Armand Duplantis

Men’s shot put – Jo Kovacs

Women’s 100m – Julien Alfred

Women’s 200m – Brittany Brown

Women’s 800m – Audrey Werro. 2nd Georgia Hunter Bell

Women’s 400m hurdles – Femke Bol

Women’s pole vault – Katie Moon

Women's discus – Valerie Allman

Morgan Lake becomes the first British woman to break two metres in the high jump

Aug 29

US Open third round – Rybakina bt Radacanu, Djokovic bt Norrie

Xavi Simons moves from RB Leipzig to Spurs

Aug 30

The Hundred – Davina Perrin hits 101 off 43 balls for Northern Superchargers

Women’s Rugby World Cup Pool A (Franklin’s Gardens) – England 92 Samoa 3

Women’s Rugby World Cup Pool A – USA 31 Australia 31

Alejandro Garnacho moves from Man Utd to Chelsea

Nick Woltemade moves from Stuttgart to Newcastle Utd for £69 million

Aug 31

Dutch GP – Piastri, Verstappen, Hadjar. First podium for Hadjar

The Hundred finals (Lord’s). Men’s – Oval Invincibles bt Trent Rockets. Women’s – Northern Superchargers bt Southern Brave

Third successive win for Oval Invincibles Men

Southern Brave Women had won all eight group matches

Men: most runs – Jordan Cox (Oval Invincibles), most wickets – Josh Tongue (Manchester Originals)

Women: most runs – Phoebe Litchfield (Northern Superchargers), most wickets – Lauren Bell (Southern Brave)

Men’s player of the series – Jordan Cox (Oval Invincibles)

Women’s player of the series – Phoebe Litchfield (Northern Superchargers)

Women’s Rugby World Cup Pool D – France 84 Brazil 5

IndyCar Series – Alex Palou (Chip Ganassi Racing). Fourth win

== September ==
Sep 1

Transfer deadline day –

Alexander Isak moves from Newcastle to Liverpool for a British record £125m

Yoane Wissa moves from Brentford to Newcastle

Senne Lammens moves from Royal Antwerp to Man Utd

Kevin moves from Shakhtar Donetsk to Fulham

Antony moves from Man Utd to Real Betis

Jamie Vardy moves from Leicester to Cremonese

Joe Bugner dies

Europe make just one change to the Ryder Cup side that beat the United States in 2023, with Rasmus Hojgaard replacing his twin brother Nicolai

Sep 2

Sonny Baker concedes 76 runs in seven overs in England ODI debut against South Africa

Ederson moves from Man City to Fenerbache

Gianluigi Donnarumma moves from Paris St-Germain to Man City

Sep 3

US Open women’s quarter-final – Anisimova bt Swiatek

Sep 4

US Open women’s semi-finals – Sabalenka bt Pegula, Anisimova bt Osaka

Sep 5

US Open men’s semi-finals – Alcaraz bt Djokovic, Sinner bt Auger-Aliassime

US Open women’s doubles final – Siniakova and Townsend bt Dabrowski and Routliffe

Sep 6

US Open women’s singles final – Sabalenka bt Anisimova

US Open men’s doubles final – Granollers and Zebaloss bt Salisbury and Skupski

Women’s Rugby World Cup Pool A (Brighton & Hove Albion Stadium) – England 47 Australia 7

World Cup qualifier (Villa Park) England 2 Andorra 0. Debut for Elliot Anderson

Sep 7

Italian GP – Verstappen, Norris, Piastri

US Open men’s singles final – Alcaraz bt Sinner

Third ODI – England 414-5 (Bethell 110, Root 100) South Africa 72 (Archer 4-18). England won by 342 runs, the biggest winning margin in men’s ODIs

Burghley Horse Trials – Ros Canter, riding Lordships Graffalo

Women’s Rugby World Cup final pool standings –

Pool A – England, Australia, United States, Samoa

Pool B – Canada, Scotland, Fiji, Wales

Pool C – New Zealand, Ireland, Japan, Spain

Pool D – France, South Africa, Italy, Brazil

Tour of Britain – Romain Gregoire

Geraint Thomas retires

Walker Cup – USA bt Great Britain and Ireland

Sep 9

Ange Postecoglou replaces Nuno Espirito Santo as manager of Nottingham Forest

World Cup qualifier – Norway 11 (Haaland 5) Moldova 1

World Cup qualifier – Serbia 0 England 5

Sep 10

Olympic swimmer Ben Proud becomes the first British athlete to join the Enhanced Games

Sep 11

Andre Onana moves from Man Utd to Trabzonspor on loan

Sep 12

Second T20 – England 304-2 (Salt 141*) South Africa 158. England won by 146 runs

Arthur Fery makes Davis Cup debut for GB against Poland

Sep 13

World Athletics Championships start in Tokyo

Men’s shot put – Ryan Crouser

Women’s 10000m – Beatrice Chebet

T20 Blast Finals Day (Edgbaston). Semi-finals – Somerset bt Lancashire Lightning, Hampshire Hawks bt Northamptonshire Steelbacks. Final – Somerset bt Hampshire Hawks

St Leger – Scandinavia (Tom Marquand), trained by Aidan O’Brien

Women’s Rugby World Cup quarter-finals – New Zealand bt South Africa, Canada bt Australia

Terence Crawford bt Saul 'Canelo' Alvarez to become the first male fighter to be undisputed champion across three weight divisions in the four-belt era

Sep 14

Men’s 100m – Oblique Seville (Jamaica)

Women’s 100m – Melissa Jefferson-Wooden

Women’s marathon – Peres Jepchirchir. Silver – Tigst Assefa

Women’s long jump – Tara Davis-Woodhall

Ricky Hatton dies, aged 46

Vuelta e Espana – Jonas Vingegaard. 2nd Joao Almeida. 3rd Tom Pidcock

There had been various protests against the Israel-Premier Tech team throughout the Vuelta, forcing some stages to be shortened and the final stage to be abandoned

BMW PGA Championship – Alex Noren

Women’s Rugby World Cup quarter-finals (Ashton Gate) – England 40 Scotland 8

France bt Ireland

World Series of Darts final – Van Gerwen bt Littler

Speedway Grand Prix – Bartosz Zmarzlik. 2nd Brady Kurtz (Australia). Sixth world title for Zmarzlik

Sep 15

Men’s pole vault – Arnaud Duplantis, with a world record of 6.30 m

Sep 16

Men’s high jump – Hamish Kerr

Women’s 1500m – Faith Kipyegon. Fourth title

Bodo/Glimt (Norway), Kairat (Kazakhstan), Pafos (Cyprus), and Union Saint-Gilloise (Belgium) make their debut appearances in the Champions League phase/group stage

Sep 17

Men’s 1500m – Isaac Nader (Portugal). Silver – Jake Whiteman

Women’s pole vault – Katie Moon

Sep 18

Men’s javelin – Kershorn Walcott

Women’s 400m – Sydney McLaughlin-Levrone

Jose Mourino replaces Melissa Bruno Lage as manager of Benfica

League Leaders’ Shield – Hull KR

Sep 19

Men’s 200m – Noah Lyles

Women’s 400m hurdles – Femke Bol

Women’s 200m – Melissa Jefferson-Wooden. Silver – Amy Hunt. Bronze – Shericka Jackson

Women’s Rugby World Cup semi-final – Canada bt New Zealand

Sep 20

Women’s 5000m – Beatrice Chebet. Silver – Faith Kipyegon

Heptathlon – Anna Hall. Silver – Kate O’Connor (Ireland). Bronze – Katarina Johnson-Thompson and Taliyah Brooks (tied on 6581 points)

Women’s Rugby World Cup semi-final (Ashton Gate) – England bt France

Metro Bank One Day Cup men’s final – Worcestershire Rapids bt Hampshire

BJK Cup semi-final – USA 2 GB 0. Navarro bt Kartal, Pegula bt Boulter

Liverpool Women manager Matt Beard dies

Sep 21

Men’s 5000m – Cole Hocker

Men’s discus – Daniel Stahl

Women’s 800m – Lilian Odira (Kenya). Silver – Georgia Hunter Bell. Bronze – Keely Hodgkinson

Women’s 4 x 100m relay – USA. Silver – Jamaica (including Shelly-Anne Fraser-Pryce)

Final medal table – 1st USA (16-5-5) 26, 2nd Kenya (7-2-2) 11, 21st GB (0-3-2) 5

GB failed to win a gold medal or a relay medal for the first time since 2003

BJK Cup final – Italy 2 USA 0. Cocciaretto bt Navarro, Paolini bt Pegula

Azerbaijan GP – Verstappen, Russell, Sainz

Metro Bank One Day Cup women’s final – Lancashire bt Hampshire

UCI Road Cycling World Championships start in Rwanda

Men’s time trial – Remco Evenepoel. Third successive title

Women’s time trial – Marlen Reusser (Switzerland)

Laver Cup – Team World bt Team Europe. Team captains – Andre Agassi and Yannick Noah

English Open snooker final – Mark Allen bt Zhou Yuelong

Sep 22

Ballon d’Or awards –

Player of the Year – Ousmane Dembele and Aitana Bonmati. Third successive win for Bonmati

Coach of the Year (Johan Cruyff Trophy) – Luis Enrique and Sarina Wiegman

Best young player (Kopa Trophy) – Lamine Yamal and Vicky Lopez

Club of the year – PSG and Arsenal women

Goalkeeper of the year (Yashin Trophy) – Gianluigi Donnarumma and Hannah Hampton

Sep 23

Dickie Bird dies

Carabao Cup third round – Barnsley 0 Brighton 6 (Diego Gomez 4)

Alexander Isak scores his first goal for Liverpool against Southampton

Sep 24

Eberechi Eze scores his first goal for Arsenal against Port Vale

Sep 26

World Para Athletics Championships start in New Delhi

Sep 27

Women’s Rugby World Cup final (Twickenham) – England 33 Canada 13

Player of the match – Sadia Kabeya

Captain – Zoe Aldcroft

Coach – John Mitchell

Record crowd for women's rugby of 81,885

Third place play-off – New Zealand 42 France 26

World Rugby Women’s Player of the Year – Sophie de Goede (Canada)

AFL Grand Final – Brisbane Lions bt Geelong

Cambridgeshire Handicap – Boiling Point

County Championship – Nottinghamshire. Runners-up – Surrey. Relegated – Durham, Worcestershire

Division 2 – Leicestershire. Promoted – Glamorgan

Nuno Espirito Santo replaces Graham Potter as manager of West Ham

Women’s road race – Magdeleine Vallieres (Canada)

Sep 28

Ryder Cup (Bethpage Black, New York) – USA 13 Europe 15

Lowry sank the putt to retain the Ryder Cup

Hatton sank the putt to win the Ryder Cup

Aberg was the only player to win for Europe on final day

Hovland was unable to play on final day due to injury

Leading points scorers – Europe: Fleetwood (4), USA: Schauffele and Young (3)

2027 Ryder Cup will be held at Adare Manor in Ireland

Men’s road race – Tadej Pogacar. 2nd Remco Evenepoel. 3rd Ben Healy

British Open snooker final – Murphy bt McGill

== October ==
Oct 1

Newcastle Red Bulls part company with director of rugby Steve Diamond

Oct 4

The Rugby Championship – South Africa

Final match between Argentina and South Africa was played at Twickenham

Speedway of Nations – Australia

Oct 5

Singapore GP – Russell, Verstappen, Norris

McLaren win constructors championship with six races to spare

Women's Super League Grand Final – Wigan Warriors bt St Helens

Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe – Daryz. 2nd Minnie Hauk

Alfred Dunhill Links Championship – Rob MacIntyre

NRL Grand Final – Brisbane Broncos bt Melbourne Storm

British Touring Car Championship – Tom Ingram

Russell Martin sacked as manager of Rangers

World Para Athletics Championships end. Brazil topped the medal table. Hannah Cockroft won three gold medals

RFL Championship Grand Final – Toulouse Olympique bt York Knights

Oct 9

Djed Spence makes debut for England against Wales

Steve Prescott Man of Steel – Jake Connor (Leeds Rhinos)

Woman of Steel – Eva Hunter (Wigan Warriors)

PCA Player of the Year – Jordan Cox

Young Player – Rehan Ahmed

Women’s Player – Emma Lamb

Women’s Young Player – Davina Perrin

Oct 10

WNBA Finals – Las Vegas Aces bt Phoenix Mercury

Oct 11

Super League Grand Final – Hull KR bt Wigan Warriors. Rob Burrow award for Man of the Match – Mikey Lewis

Cesarewitch – Beylerbeyi

Oct 12

World Grand Prix final – Littler bt Humphries

Chicago Marathon. Men’s – Jacob Kiplimo (Uganda). Women’s – Hawi Feysa (Ethiopia)

ICC Women's World Cup group stage – India 330 Australia 331-7 (Healy 142). Record women's one-day international chase

Oct 17

Bradford Bulls are promoted to Super League for 2026 and will replace Salford Red Devils after they were awarded the highest Grade B status under the sport's grading system. Other new teams – Toulouse Olympique and York Knights

Champion flat jockey – Oisin Murphy

Champion flat trainer – Aidan O’Brien

Oct 18

Mateta hat-trick for Crystal Palace against Bournemouth

Nottingham Forest manager Ange Postecoglou is sacked after 39 days

Champion Stakes – Calandagan

Champions Sprint Stakes – Powerful Glory at odds of 200-1. Powerful Glory is the longest-priced winner of a top-level British Group One race

Oct 19

United States GP – Verstappen, Norris, Leclerc

Grand Sumo Tournament at the Royal Albert Hall in London won by Hoshoryu

Superbike World Championship – Toprak Razgatlıoğlu

British Superbike Championship – Kyle Ryde

World Artistic Gymnastics Championships start in Jakarta

Oct 20

Sean Dyche is appointed as manager of Nottingham Forest

Shohei Ohtani hits three home runs and throws 10 strikeouts against Milwaukee Brewers as the LA Dodgers make it back to the World Series

Oct 22

Women’s World Cup group match – England 244-9 Australia 248-4 (Gardner 104*, Sutherland 98*)

UCI Track Cycling World Championships start in Santiago

Men's Individual All-Around – Daiki Hashimoto (Japan)

Oct 23

Women's marathon world record-holder Ruth Chepngetich is banned for three years after admitting to anti-doping rule violations

Cricket Media Club awards –

Bob Willis Trophy – Joe Root

Young Cricketer – Rehan Ahmed

Women’s Cricket Award – Lauren Bell

Oct 24

Men’s individual pursuit – Josh Charlton

Men’s points – Josh Tarling

Sheffield Wednesday enter administration and are docked 12 points

Men’s floor – Jake Jarman. Silver – Luke Whitehouse

Men’s horizontal bar. Bronze – Joe Fraser

Women’s floor. Silver – Ruby Evans. Bronze – Abigail Martin

Oct 25

Women’s individual pursuit – Anna Morris

Women’s Madison – GB (Katie Archibald and Madelaine Leech)

Alana King takes 7-18 for Australia against South Africa in Women’s World Cup group match

Jess Fishlock retires after winning 166 caps for Wales

UFC heavyweight champion Tom Aspinall retains his belt after title fight against Ciryl Gane is declared a no-contest because of eye poke from Gane

Fabio Wardley bt Joseph Parker to claim the WBO heavyweight 'interim' title

Oct 26

Men’s sprint – Harrie Lavreyson (Netherlands). Silver – Matthew Richardson

European Championship darts final – Van Veen bt Humphries

Mexico City GP – Norris, Leclerc, Verstappen. 4th Bearman

Oct 27

Brendan Rodgers resigns as manager of Celtic. Martin O’Neill returns to Celtic as interim manager

Game three in World Series takes 18 innings and lasts six-and-a-half hours

Oct 29

Women’s World Cup semi-final – South Africa 319-7 (Wolvaardt 169) England 194 (Kapp 5-20). South Africa won by 125 runs

Oct 30

Women’s World Cup semi-final – Australia 338 (Litchfield 119) India 341-5 (Rodrigues 127*). India won by five wickets. Highest successful chase in women's one-day international history

Oct 31

Willie Young dies

Entertainment/Booker prize

2025-11-11T14:47:58Z

QRNeditor: Added 2025 winner

== Booker Prize ==
The Booker Prize was formerly known as the Booker Prize for Fiction (1969–2001) and the Man Booker Prize (2002–2019)

The prize is now sponsored by Crankshaft, and the winner receives £50,000

In 1992, after the prize was shared for a second time, a rule was introduced that made it mandatory for the appointed jury to make the award to just a single author/book. This rule was broken in 2019 when the prize was again shared

Historically, the winner of the Booker Prize had been required to be a citizen of the Commonwealth of Nations, the Republic of Ireland, or Zimbabwe. It was announced in 2013 that future Booker Prize awards would consider authors from anywhere in the world, so long as their work was in English and published in the UK

Lost Man Booker Prize was a special edition of the Man Booker Prize awarded by a public vote in 2010 to a novel from 1970 as the books published in 1970 were not eligible for the Man Booker Prize due to a rules alteration. Won by ''Troubles'' by J.G. Farrell

A ‘Best of Beryl’ prize was set up in 2006 for Beryl Bainbridge, who had been nominated five times without winning. The prize was won by ''Master Georgie''

In 1993 and 2008, the Best of the Booker prizes were both won by ''Midnight’s Children''

In 2018, the Golden Man Booker was won by ''The English Patient''

Five authors have won the award twice: Margaret Atwood, Peter Carey, J.M. Coetzee, J. G. Farrell (including the Lost Man Booker Prize), Hilary Mantel

Most nominations – Salman Rushdie (7), Margaret Atwood, Beryl Bainbridge, J.M. Coetzee, Ian McEwan, Iris Murdoch (6)
{| class="wikitable"
|1969
|P.H. Newby
|''Something to Answer For''
|Inaugural winner
|-
|1970
|Bernice Rubens
|''The Elected Member''
|First female winner
|-
|1971
|V.S. Naipaul
|''In a Free State''
|Born in Trinidad and Tobago
|-
|1972
|John Berger
|''G.''
|
|-
|1973
|J.G. Farrell
|''The Siege of Krishnapur''
|
|-
|1974
|Nadime Gordimer

Stanley Middleton
|''The Conservationist''

''Holiday''
|First time prize is shared
|-
|1975
|Ruth Prawer Jhabvala
|''Heat and Dust''
|Born in Germany
|-
|1976
|David Storey
|''Saville''
|
|-
|1977
|Paul Scott
|''Staying O''n
|
|-
|1978
|Iris Murdoch
|''The Sea, the Sea''
|
|-
|1979
|Penelope Fitzgerald
|''Offshore''
|Shortest work (141 pages) to win
|-
|1980
|William Golding
|''Rites of Passage''
|
|-
|1981
|Salman Rushdie
|''Midnight’s Children''
|
|-
|1982
|Thomas Keneally
|''Schindler’s Ark''
|
|-
|1983
|J.M. Coetzee
|''Life & Times of Michael K''
|
|-
|1984
|Anita Brookner
|''Hotel du Lac''
|
|-
|1985
|Keri Hulme
|''The Bone People''
|
|-
|1986
|Kingsley Amis
|''The Old Devils''
|
|-
|1987
|Penelope Lively
|''Moon Tiger''
|
|-
|1988
|Peter Carey
|''Oscar and Lucinda''
|
|-
|1989
|Kazuo Ishiguro
|''The Remains of the Day''
|
|-
|1990
|A.S. Byatt
|''Possession''
|
|-
|1991
|Ben Okri
|''The Famished Road''
|Born in Nigeria
|-
|1992
|Michael Ondaatje

Barry Unsworth
|''The English Patient''

''Sacred Hunger''
|Prize shared
|-
|1993
|Roddy Doyle
|''Paddy Clarke Ha Ha Ha''
|
|-
|1994
|James Kelman
|''How Late It Was, How Late''
|Rabbi Julia Neuberger, one of the judges,
said that the book was "crap"
|-
|1995
|Pat Barker
|''The Ghost Road''
|
|-
|1996
|Graham Swift
|''Last Orders''
|
|-
|1997
|Arundhati Roy
|''The God of Small Things''
|
|-
|1998
|Ian McEwan
|''Amsterdam''
|
|-
|1999
|J.M. Coetzee
|''Disgrace''
|First person to win the prize twice
|-
|2000
|Margaret Atwood
|''The Blind Assassin''
|
|-
|2001
|Peter Carey
|''True History of the Kelly Gang''
|
|-
|2002
|Yann Martel
|''Life of Pi''
|First winner of Man Booker Prize
|-
|2003
|DBC Pierre
|''Vernon God Little''
|
|-
|2004
|Alan Hollinghurst
|''The Line of Beauty''
|
|-
|2005
|John Banville
|''The Sea''
|
|-
|2006
|Kiran Desai
|''The Inheritance of Loss''
|
|-
|2007
|Anne Enright
|''The Gathering''
|
|-
|2008
|Aravind Adiga
|''The White Tiger''
|
|-
|2009
|Hilary Mantel
|''Wolf Hall''
|
|-
|2010
|Howard Jacobson
|''The Finkler Question''
|
|-
|2011
|Julian Barnes
|''The Sense of an Ending''
|
|-
|2012
|Hilary Mantel
|''Bring up the Bodies''
|
|-
|2013
|Eleanor Catton
|''The Luminaries''
|Longest work (832 pages) to win

Youngest author (28) to win
|-
|2014
|Richard Flanagan
|''The Narrow Road to the Deep North''
|
|-
|2015
|Marlon James
|''A Brief History of Seven Killings''
|Born in Jamaica
|-
|2016
|Paul Beatty
|''The Sellout''
|First American to win
|-
|2017
|George Saunders
|''Lincoln in the Bardo''
|
|-
|2018
|Anna Burns
|''Milkman''
|
|-
|2019
|Margaret Atwood

Bernadine Evaristo
|''The Testaments''

''Girl, Woman, Other''
|Oldest author (79) to win

First black female winner
|-
|2020
|Douglas Stuart
|''Shuggie Bain''
|
|-
|2021
|Damon Galgut
|''The Promise''
|
|-
|2022
|Shehan Karunatilaka
|''The Seven Moons of Maali Almeida''
|Born in Sri Lanka
|-
|2023
|Paul Lynch
|''Prophet Song''
|
|-
|2024
|Samantha Harvey
|''Orbital''
|
|-
|2025
|David Szalay
|''Flesh''
|Canadian-born Hungarian-British writer
|}

2025 Shortlist
{| class="wikitable"
|David Szalay
|''Flesh''
|-
|Susan Choi
|''Flashlight''
|-
|Kirin Desai
|''The Loneliness of Sonia and Sunny''
|-
|Katie Kitamura
|''Audition''
|-
|Ben Markovits
|''The Rest of Our Lives''
|-
|Andrew Miller
|''The Land in Winter''
|}

== International Booker Prize ==
The International Booker Prize was sponsored by the Man Group from 2005 to 2015. The award was given biennially to a living author of any nationality for a body of work published in English or generally available in English translation
{| class="wikitable"
|'''Year'''
|'''Author'''
|'''Country'''
|-
|2005
|Ismail Kadare
|Albania
|-
|2007
|Chinua Achebe
|Nigeria
|-
|2009
|Alice Munro
|Canada
|-
|2011
|Philip Roth
|United States
|-
|2013
|Lydia Davis
|United States
|-
|2015
|Laszlo Krasznahorkai
|Hungary
|}
Since 2016, the award has been given annually to a single book translated into English and published in the United Kingdom or Ireland. The prize money is shared between the author and the translator
{| class="wikitable"
|'''Year'''
|'''Author'''
|'''Country'''
|'''Work'''
|'''Language'''
|-
|2016
|Han Kang
|South Korea
|''The Vegetarian''
|Korean
|-
|2017
|David Grossman
|Israel
|''A Horse Walks Into a Bar''
|Hebrew
|-
|2018
|Olga Tokarczuk
|Poland
|''Flights''
|Polish
|-
|2019
|Jokha al-Harthi
|Oman
|''Celestial Bodies''
|Arabic
|-
|2020
|Marieke Lucas Rijneveld
|Netherlands
|''The Discomfort of Evening''
|Dutch
|-
|2021
|David Diop
|France
|''At Night All Blood is Black''
|French
|-
|2022
|Geetanjali Shree
|India
|''Tomb of Sand''
|Hindi
|-
|2023
|Georgi Gospodinov
|Bulgaria
|''Time Shelter''
|Bulgarian
|-
|2024
|Jenny Erpenbeck
|Germany
|''Kairos''
|German
|-
|2025
|Banu Mushtaq
|India
|''Heart Lamp: Selected Stories''
|Kannada
|}

Entertainment/Lists of Winners of UK Reality TV Shows

2025-11-05T18:22:04Z

QRNeditor: Added winner of 2025 Great British Bake Off

== Big Brother ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2000
|Craig Phillips
|-
|2001
|Brian Dowling
|-
|2002
|Kate Lawler
|-
|2003
|Cameron Stout
|-
|2004
|Nadia Almada
|-
|2005
|Anthony Hutton
|-
|2006
|Pete Bennett
|-
|2007
|Brian Belo
|-
|2008
|Rachel Rice
|-
|2009
|Sophie Reade
|-
|2010
|Josie Gibson
|-
|2011
|Aaron Allard-Morgan
|-
|2012
|Luke Anderson
|-
|2013
|Sam Evans
|-
|2014
|Helen Wood
|-
|2015
|Chloe Wilburn
|-
|2016
|Jason Burrill
|-
|2017
|Isabelle Warburton
|-
|2018
|Cameron Cole
|-
|2023
|Jordan Sangha
|-
|2024
|Ali Bromley
|}

== Celebrity Big Brother ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2001
|Jack Dee
|-
|2002
|Mark Owen
|-
|2005
|Bez Berry
|-
|2006
|Chantelle Houghton
|-
|2007
|Shilpa Shetty
|-
|2009
|Ulrika Jonsson
|-
|2010
|Alex Reid
|-
|2011
|Paddy Doherty
|-
|2012
|Denise Welch
|-
|2012
|Julian Clary
|-
|2013
|Rylan Clark
|-
|2013
|Charlotte Crosby
|-
|2014
|Jim Davidson
|-
|2014
|Gary Busey
|-
|2015
|Katie Price
|-
|2015
|James Hill
|-
|2016
|Scotty T
|-
|2016
|Stephen Bear
|-
|2017
|Coleen Nolan
|-
|2017
|Sarah Harding
|-
|2018
|Courtney Act
|-
|2018
|Ryan Thomas
|-
|2024
|David Potts
|-
|2025
|Jack P. Shepherd
|}

== I’m a Celebrity…Get Me Out of Here! ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2002
|Tony Blackburn
|-
|2003
|Phil Tuffnell
|-
|2004
|Kerry Katona
|-
|2004
|Joe Pasquale
|-
|2005
|Carol Thatcher
|-
|2006
|Matt Willis
|-
|2007
|Christopher Biggins
|-
|2008
|Joe Swash
|-
|2009
|Gino D’Acampo
|-
|2010
|Stacey Solomon
|-
|2011
|Dougie Poynter
|-
|2012
|Charlie Brooks
|-
|2013
|Kian Egan
|-
|2014
|Carl Fogarty
|-
|2015
|Vicky Pattison
|-
|2016
|Scarlett Moffatt
|-
|2017
|Georgia Toffolo
|-
|2018
|Harry Redknapp
|-
|2019
|Jacqueline Jossa
|-
|2020
|Giovanna Fletcher
|-
|2021
|Danny Miller
|-
|2022
|Jill Scott
|-
|2023
|Sam Thompson
|-
|2024
|Danny Jones
|}

== Love Island ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2005
|Fran Cosgrave and Jayne Middlemiss (Celebrity Love Island)
|-
|2006
|Calum Best and Bianca Gascoigne (Celebrity Love Island)
|-
|2015
|Max Morley and Jessica Hayes
|-
|2016
|Nathan Massey and Cara De La Hoyde
|-
|2017
|Kem Cetinay and Amber Davies
|-
|2018
|Jack Fincham and Dani Dyer
|-
|2019
|Greg O’Shea and Amber Gill
|-
|2020
|Finlay Tapp and Paige Turley
|-
|2021
|Liam Reardon and Millie Court
|-
|2022
|Davide Sanclimenti and Ekin-Su Cülcüloğlu
|-
|2023 (March)
|Kai Fagan and Sanam Harrinanan
|-
|2023 (July)
|Jess Harding and Sammy Root
|-
|2024
|Josh Oyinsan and Mimii Ngulube
|}

== Popstars ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2001
|Hear’Say
|-
|2002
|Girls Aloud and One True Voice (Popstars: The Rivals)
|}

== Pop Idol ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2002
|Will Young
|-
|2003
|Michelle McManus
|}

== The X Factor ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2004
|Steve Brookstein
|-
|2005
|Shayne Ward
|-
|2006
|Leona Lewis
|-
|2007
|Leon Jackson
|-
|2008
|Alexandra Burke
|-
|2009
|Joe McElderry
|-
|2010
|Matt Cardle
|-
|2011
|Little Mix
|-
|2012
|James Arthur
|-
|2013
|Sam Bailey
|-
|2014
|Ben Haenow
|-
|2015
|Louisa Johnson
|-
|2016
|Matt Terry
|-
|2017
|Rak-Su
|-
|2108
|Dalton Harris
|}

== Strictly Come Dancing ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2004
|Natasha Kaplinsky and Brendan Cole
|-
|2004
|Jill Halfpenny and Darren Bennett
|-
|2005
|Darren Gough and Lilia Kopylova
|-
|2006
|Mark Ramprakash and Karen Hardy
|-
|2007
|Alesha Dixon and Matthew Cutler
|-
|2008
|Tom Chambers and Camilla Dallerup
|-
|2009
|Chris Hollins and Ola Jordan
|-
|2010
|Kara Tointon and Artem Chigvintsev
|-
|2011
|Harry Judd and Aliona Vilani
|-
|2012
|Louis Smith and Flavia Cacace
|-
|2013
|Abbey Clancy and Aljaz Skorjanec
|-
|2014
|Caroline Flack and Pasha Kovalev
|-
|2015
|Jay McGuiness and Aliona Vilani
|-
|2016
|Ore Oduba and Joanne Clifton
|-
|2017
|Joe McFadden and Katya Jones
|-
|2018
|Stacey Dooley and Kevin Clifton
|-
|2019
|Kelvin Fletcher and Oti Mabuse
|-
|2020
|Bill Bailey and Oti Mabuse
|-
|2021
|Rose Ayling-Ellis and Giovanni Pernice
|-
|2022
|Hamza Yassin and Jowita Przystał
|-
|2023
|Ellie Lynch and Vito Coppola
|-
|2024
|Chris McCausland and Dianne Buswell
|}

== Dancing on Ice ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2006
|Gaynor Faye and Daniel Whiston
|-
|2007
|Kyran Bracken and Melanie Lambert
|-
|2008
|Suzanne Shaw and Matt Evers
|-
|2009
|Ray Quinn and Maria Filippov
|-
|2010
|Hayley Tamaddon and Daniel Whitson
|-
|2011
|Sam Attwater and Brianne Delcourt
|-
|2012
|Matthew Wolfenden and Nina Ulanova
|-
|2013
|Beth Tweddle and Daniel Whitson
|-
|2014
|Ray Quinn and Maria Filippov
|-
|2018
|Jake Quickenden and Vanessa Bauer
|-
|2019
|James Jordan and Alexandra Schauman
|-
|2020
|Joe Swash and Alex Murphy
|-
|2021
|Sonny Jay and Angela Egan
|-
|2022
|Regan Gascoigne and Karina Manta
|-
|2023
|Nile Wilson and Olivia Smart
|-
|2024
|Ryan Thomas and Amani Fancy
|}

== The Apprentice ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2005
|Tim Campbell
|-
|2006
|Michelle Dewberry
|-
|2007
|Simon Ambrose
|-
|2008
|Lee McQueen
|-
|2009
|Yasmini Siadatan
|-
|2010
|Stella English
|-
|2011
|Tom Pellereau
|-
|2012
|Ricky Martin
|-
|2013
|Leah Totton
|-
|2014
|Mark Wright
|-
|2015
|Joseph Valente
|-
|2016
|Alana Spencer
|-
|2017
|Sarah Lynn and James White
|-
|2018
|Sian Gabbidon
|-
|2019
|Carina Lepore
|-
|2020
|Not held due to COVID-19
|-
|2021
|Not held due to COVID-19
|-
|2022
|Harpreet Kaur
|-
|2023
|Marnie Swindells
|-
|2024
|Rachel Woolford
|-
|2025
|Dean Franklin
|}

== Britain's Got Talent ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2007
|Paul Potts
|-
|2008
|George Sampson
|-
|2009
|Diversity
|-
|2010
|Spelbound
|-
|2011
|Jai McDowell
|-
|2012
|Ashleigh Butler and her dog Pudsey
|-
|2013
|Attraction
|-
|2104
|Collabro
|-
|2015
|Jules O'Dwyer and her dog Matisse
|-
|2016
|Richard Jones
|-
|2017
|Tokio Myers
|-
|2018
|Lost Voice Guy
|-
|2019
|Colin Thackery
|-
|2020
|Jon Courtenay
|-
|2021
|Not held due to COVID-19
|-
|2022
|Alex Blake
|-
|2023
|Viggo Venn
|-
|2024
|Syndie Christmas
|}

== The Voice UK ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2012
|Leanne Mitchell
|-
|2013
|Andrea Begley
|-
|2014
|Jermain Jackman
|-
|2015
|Stevie McCrorie
|-
|2016
|Kevin Simm
|-
|2017
|Mo Adeniran
|-
|2018
|Ruti Olajugbagbe
|-
|2019
|Molly Hocking
|-
|2020
|Blessing Chitapa
|-
|2021
|Craig Eddie
|-
|2022
|Anthonia Edwards
|-
|2023
|Jen and Liv
|-
|2024
|AVA
|}

== Celebrity MasterChef ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2006
|Matt Dawson
|-
|2007
|Nadia Sawalha
|-
|2008
|Liz McClarnon
|-
|2009
|Jayne Middlemiss
|-
|2010
|Lisa Faulkner
|-
|2011
|Phil Vickery
|-
|2012
|Emma Kennedy
|-
|2013
|Adrian Edmondson
|-
|2104
|Sophie Thompson
|-
|2015
|Kimberly Wyatt
|-
|2016
|Alexis Conran
|-
|2017
|Angellica Bell
|-
|2018
|John Partridge
|-
|2019
|Greg Rutherford
|-
|2020
|Riyadh Khalaf
|-
|2021
|Kadeena Cox
|-
|2022
|Lisa Snowdon
|-
|2023
|Wynne Evans
|-
|2024
|Vito Coppola
|}

== The Great British Bake Off ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2010
|Edd Kimber
|-
|2011
|Joanne Wheatley
|-
|2012
|John Whaite
|-
|2013
|Frances Quinn
|-
|2014
|Nancy Birtwhistle
|-
|2015
|Nadiya Hussain
|-
|2016
|Candice Brown
|-
|2017
|Sophie Faldo
|-
|2018
|Rahul Mandal
|-
|2019
|David Atherton
|-
|2020
|Peter Sawkins
|-
|2021
|Giuseppe Dell'Anno
|-
|2022
|Syabira Yusoff
|-
|2023
|Matty Edgell
|-
|2024
|Georgie Grasso
|-
|2025
|Jasmine Mitchell
|}

== The Jump ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2014
|Joe McElderry
|-
|2015
|Joey Essex
|-
|2016
|Ben Cohen
|-
|2017
|Spencer Matthews
|}

== The Great British Sewing Bee ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2013
|Ann Rowley
|-
|2014
|Heather Jacks
|-
|2015
|Matt Chapple
|-
|2016
|Charlotte Newland
|-
|2019
|Juliet Uzor
|-
|2020
|Clare Bradley
|-
|2021
|Serena Baker
|-
|2022
|Annie Phillips
|-
|2023
|Asmaa Al-allak
|-
|2024
|Luke-Matthew Iveson
|-
|2025
|Caz
|}

== The Great Pottery Throw Down ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2015
|Matthew Wilcock
|-
|2017
|Ryan Barrett
|-
|2020
|Rosa Wiland Holmes
|-
|2021
|Jodie Neale
|-
|2022
|AJ Simpson
|-
|2023
|Lois Gunn
|-
|2024
|Donna Bloye
|-
|2025
|James Stanley Watson
|}

== RuPaul’s Drag Race UK ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2019
|The Vivienne
|-
|2021
|Lawrence Chaney
|-
|2021
|Krystal Versace
|-
|2022
|Danny Beard
|-
|2023
|Ginger Johnson
|-
|2024
|Kyran Thrax
|}

== Britain's Next Top Model ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2005
|Lucy Ratcliffe
|-
|2006
|Lianna Fowler
|-
|2007
|Lauren McEvoy
|-
|2008
|Alex Evans
|-
|2009
|Mecia Simson
|-
|2010
|Tiffany Pisani
|-
|2011
|Jade Thompson
|-
|2012
|Letitia Herod
|-
|2013
|Lauren Lambert
|-
|2016
|Chloe Keenan
|-
|2017
|Olivia Wardell
|-
|2017
|Ivy Watson
|}

== The Masked Singer ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2020
|Nicola Roberts as “Queen Bee”
|-
|2021
|Joss Stone as “Sausage”
|-
|2022
|Natalie Imbruglia as “Panda”
|-
|2023
|Charlie Simpson as “Rhino”
|-
|2024
|Danny Jones as "Piranha"
|}

== The Masked Dancer ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2021
|Louis Smith as “Carwash”
|-
|2022
|Heather Morris as “Scissors”
|}

== The Traitors ==
{| class="wikitable"
|2022
|Aaron Evans, Hannah Byczkowski, and Meryl Williams
|-
|2024
|Harry Clark
|-
|2025
|Jake Brown and Leanne Quigley
|}

Sport and Leisure/Major League Baseball

2025-11-04T18:18:06Z

QRNeditor: Added 2025 World Series winners

== Teams ==

=== American League East ===

==== Baltimore Orioles ====
Stadium – Oriole Park at Camden Yards

World Series wins – 3 (1966, 1970, 1983)

In 1954 the St. Louis Browns moved to Baltimore and adopted the Orioles name in honour of the official state bird of Maryland

Cal Ripken is best known for holding the record for consecutive games played, 2,632, surpassing Lou Gehrig's streak of 2,130 that had stood for 56 years

Eddie Gaedel was a dwarf who played for St. Louis Browns in 1951

==== Boston Red Sox ====
Stadium – Fenway Park

World Series wins – 9 (1902, 1912, 1915, 1916, 1918, 2004, 2007, 2013, 2018)

Founded in 1901 as one of the American League's eight charter franchises, Boston Americans changed their name to Boston Red Sox in 1908

Boston Americans defeated the Pittsburgh Pirates in the first World Series in 1903 and won four more championships by 1918. However, they then went into one of the longest championship droughts in baseball history, called by some the "Curse of the Bambino" after its alleged beginning with the Red Sox' sale by owner Harry Frazee of Babe Ruth to the rival New York Yankees two years after their world championship in 1918, an 86-year wait before the team's sixth World Championship in 2004

The Red Sox' home ballpark has been Fenway Park since 1912. The Green Monster is a popular nickname for the 11m high left field wall at Fenway Park

LA Dodgers beat Boston Red Sox in the longest game in World Series history in 2018. The contest stretched to 18 innings, lasting seven hours and 20 minutes. Red Sox won the series 4-1

==== New York Yankees ====
Stadium – Yankee Stadium

World Series wins – 27 (1923, 1927, 1928, 1932, 1936, 1937, 1938, 1939, 1941, 1943, 1947, 1949, 1950, 1951, 1952, 1953, 1956, 1958, 1961, 1962, 1977, 1978, 1996, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2009)

The club began play in 1901 as the Baltimore Orioles (not to be confused with the modern Baltimore Orioles). The franchise (which had ceased operations) was moved to New York City, and renamed as the New York Highlanders. The Highlanders were officially renamed as the Yankees in 1913

Since their first championship in 1923, the New York Yankees have won two or more World Series titles in every decade except the 1980s, when they won none

"Murderers’ Row" was the nickname given to the New York Yankees team of the late 1920s, widely considered one of the best teams in history

Lawrence Peter ‘Yogi’ Berra played for the New York Yankees from 1946 to 1963 and won 3 MVP titles. He finished his career with the New York Mets. Yogi Berra is well known for his pithy comments and witticisms, known as Yogiisms

Derek Jeter is the Yankees' all-time career leader in hits, games played, stolen bases, and at bats

Alex Rodriguez, nicknamed "A-Rod”, previously played for the Seattle Mariners and the Texas Rangers. Rodriguez has amassed a .297 batting average, 687 home runs, over 2000 runs batted in, and over 3,000 hits. He has won ten Silver Slugger Awards and two Gold Glove Awards

Yankee Stadium is located in The Bronx. It opened in 2009, replacing the original Yankee Stadium

==== Tampa Bay Rays ====
Stadium – George M. Steinbrenner Field, formerly known as Legends Field

World Series wins – 0

Tampa Bay Devil Rays began play in the 1998 Major League Baseball season. Following the 2007 season, the name was changed to Tampa Bay Rays. The 2008 season saw the Tampa Bay Rays post their first winning season, their first AL East championship, though they lost to the Philadelphia Phillies in that year's World Series

The Rays also have an intrastate rivalry with the National League's Miami Marlins, whom they play in the Citrus Series

==== Toronto Blue Jays ====
Stadium – Rogers Center

World Series wins – 2 (1992, 1993)

An expansion franchise, the club was founded in Toronto in 1977. They are the second MLB franchise to be based outside the United States, and currently the only team based outside the US after the first Canadian franchise, the Montreal Expos, relocated to Washington, D.C

World Series champions in 1992 and 1993

In 2011, Roberto Alomar became the first Hall of Fame member to be inducted as a Toronto Blue Jays player

The Blue Jays name originates from the bird of the same name

=== American League Central ===

==== Chicago White Sox ====
Stadium – Guaranteed Rate Field

World Series wins – 3 (1906, 1917, 2005)

Established in 1900. Played at Comiskey Park from 1910 to 1990

The White Sox won the 1906 World Series with a defense-oriented team dubbed "the Hitless Wonders"

The Black Sox Scandal refers to a number of events that took place around and during the play of the 1919 World Series. The name Black Sox also refers to the Chicago White Sox team from that year. Eight members of the Chicago franchise, including "Shoeless Joe” Jackson, were banned from baseball for throwing games

==== Cleveland Guardians ====
Stadium – Rate Field

World Series wins – 2 (1920, 1948)

Since their establishment as a Major League franchise in 1901, the Indians have won two World Series championships, in 1920 and 1948

Chief Wahoo was a logo of the Cleveland Indians. The logo was a controversial cartoon caricature of a Native American face. The team ceased using the name Indians following the 2021 season, officially becoming the Cleveland Guardians in November 2021

==== Detroit Tigers ====
Stadium – Comerica Park

World Series wins – 4 (1935, 1945, 1968, 1984)

Founded in 1894, Detroit Tigers are the oldest continuous one-name, one-city franchise in the American League

Their last World Series win came in 1984

==== Kansas City Royals ====
Stadium – Kauffman Stadium

World Series wins – 2 (1985, 2015)

The Royals have participated in four World Series, winning in 1985 and 2015, and losing in 1980 and 2014

The name Royals originates from the American Royal, a livestock show, horse show, rodeo, and championship barbeque competition held annually in Kansas City since 1899

Kauffman Stadium is currently the only ballpark in the American League to be named after a person, Ewing Kauffman

==== Minnesota Twins ====
Stadium – Target Field

World Series wins – 3 (1924, 1987, 1991)

The team was founded in Washington, D.C. in 1901 as one of the eight original teams of the American League, named the Washington Senators or Washington Nationals. They moved to Minnesota after the 1960 season

The team is named after the Twin Cities area comprising Minneapolis and St. Paul. They played in Metropolitan Stadium from 1961 to 1981 and the Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome from 1982 to 2009. They played their inaugural game at the newly completed Target Field in 2010

=== American League West ===

==== Athletics ====
Stadium – Sutter Health Park (West Sacramento)

World Series wins – 9 (1910, 1911, 1913, 1929, 1930, 1972, 1973, 1974, 1989)

The club was founded in Philadelphia in 1901 as the Philadelphia Athletics. They won three World Series championships from 1910 to 1913 and two in a row in 1929 and 1930. The team's owner and manager for its first 50 years was Connie Mack. The team left Philadelphia for Kansas City in 1955 and became the Kansas City Athletics before moving to Oakland in 1968. They won three World Championships in a row from 1972 to 1974

O.co Coliseum, commonly known as Oakland Coliseum, was home to both the Oakland Athletics and the Oakland Raiders of the NFL

The Athletics played their home games at the Oakland Coliseum from 1968 until 2024

The team won 20 straight games in 2002, but lost in postseason to Minnesota Twins

''Moneyball'' is a 2011 film about the Oakland Athletics 2002 season and the attempts of their general manager Billy Beane (played by Brad Pitt) to assemble a competitive team

Reggie Jackson was nicknamed "Mr. October" for his clutch hitting in the postseason with the Athletics and the Yankees. He helped Oakland win three consecutive American League pennants and two consecutive World Series titles

The team is playing its home games at Sutter Health Park in West Sacramento for the 2025–2027 seasons before its planned relocation to the Las Vegas metropolitan area. While in West Sacramento, the team is referred to as simply the "Athletics" and "A's", with no city name attached

==== Houston Astros ====
Stadium – Daikin Park (originally Enron Field and formerly Astros Field and Minute Maid Park

World Series wins – 2 (2017, 2022)

The Astros were established as the Houston Colt .45s and entered the National League in 1962. The current name was adopted three years later, when they moved into the Astrodome, the world's first domed sports stadium

Following the move of the Houston Astros to the American League in 2013, both leagues now consist of 15 teams

The Astros won the World Series for the first time in 2017. MVP George Springer became the first man to hit home runs in four successive World Series games

The Astros beat the Phillies to win the 2022 World Series

==== Los Angeles Angels ====
Stadium – Angel Stadium (Anaheim)

World Series wins – 1 (2002)

The current Major League franchise was established as an expansion team in 1961 by Gene Autry, the team's first owner, who bought the rights to the Angels name from Walter O'Malley, the former Los Angeles Dodgers owner

Known as Los Angeles Angels from 1961 to 1965, California Angels from 1966 to 1996, Anaheim Angels from 1977 to 2004, and Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim from 2005 to 2015

Angels won the 2002 World Series (as Anaheim Angels) against the San Francisco Giants

No. 26 was retired for Gene Autry to indicate he was the team's "26th Man"

==== Seattle Mariners ====
Stadium – T-Mobile Park

World Series wins – 0

The "Mariners" name originates from the prominence of marine culture in the city of Seattle. They are nicknamed "the M's"

The Mariners are the only MLB team to never have played in a World Series. They are owned by Nintendo of America

==== Texas Rangers ====
Stadium – Globe Life Park (Arlington)

World Series wins – 1 (2023)

The franchise was established in 1961 as the Washington Senators, an expansion team awarded to Washington, D.C. After the 1971 season, the new Senators moved to Arlington and debuted as the Rangers the following season

George W Bush owned Texas Rangers from 1989 to 1998

The club lost in both the 2010 and 2011 World Series championships

The Rangers won their first World Series in 2023, beating the Arizona Diamondbacks

=== National League East ===

==== Atlanta Braves ====
Stadium – Truist Park

World Series wins – 4 (1914, 1947, 1995, 2021)

The club is one of the National League's two remaining charter franchises (the other being the Chicago Cubs) and was founded in Boston in 1871 as the Boston Red Stockings. After various name changes, the team eventually began operating as the Boston Braves, which lasted for most of the first half of the 20th century. Then, in 1953, the team moved to Milwaukee and became the Milwaukee Braves, followed by the final move to Atlanta in 1966

Turner Field was originally built as Centennial Olympic Stadium in 1996. Named after Ted Turner, the founder of CNN. Address is 755 Hank Aaron Drive

==== Miami Marlins ====
Stadium – LoanDepot Park

World Series wins – 2 (1997, 2003)

The team began play in the 1993 season as the Florida Marlins. They played home games from their inaugural season to the 2011 season at Sun Life Stadium, which they shared with the Miami Dolphins of the NFL. Since the 2012 season, they have played at Marlins Park in downtown Miami

The Marlins have the distinction of winning a World Series championship in both seasons they qualified for the postseason, doing so in 1997 and 2003 – both times as the National League wild card team

==== New York Mets ====
Stadium – Citi Field

World Series wins – 2 (1969, 1986)

The Mets were founded in 1962 to replace New York's departed National League teams; the Brooklyn Dodgers and the New York Giants

The "Miracle Mets" beat the Baltimore Orioles in the 1969 World Series in what is considered one of the biggest upsets in World Series history. Their second World Series win came in 1986 over the Boston Red Sox

Citi Field is located in Flushing Meadows–Corona Park in the borough of Queens. Citi Field was built as a replacement for the formerly adjacent Shea Stadium, which opened in 1964 and was demolished in 2009. It is named after Citigroup

==== Philadelphia Phillies ====
Stadium – Citizens Bank Park

World Series wins – 2 (1980, 2008)

Established in 1883. The Phillies have won two World Series championships, against the Kansas City Royals in 1980 and the Tampa Bay Rays in 2008

In 2004, the Phillies moved from the Veterans Stadium to their new home, Citizens Bank Park

==== Washington Nationals ====
Stadium – Nationals Park

World Series wins – 1 (2019)

The Nationals' name derives from the former Washington baseball team that had the same name (used interchangeably with Senators)

An expansion franchise, the club was founded in 1969 as the Montreal Expos, the first major league team in Canada. After being purchased by MLB in 2002, the team was moved before the 2005 season to Washington, D.C. and renamed the Nationals

The Nationals won their first World Series in 2019, beating the Houston Astros. All seven games were won by the away team

=== National League Central ===

==== Chicago Cubs ====
Stadium – Wrigley Field

World Series wins – 2 (1907, 1908)

The team played its first games in 1876 as a founding member of the National League, eventually becoming known officially as the Chicago Cubs for the 1903 season

The Cubs won back-to-back World Series championships in 1907 and 1908

The Curse of the Billy Goat is an urban legend concerning various regular-season and postseason woes of the Chicago Cubs. It supposedly explains the Cubs not winning the World Series since 1908 and not even reaching the final series since 1945

The Cubs have played at Wrigley Field since 1916

==== Cincinnati Reds ====
Stadium – Great American Ball Park

World Series wins – 5 (1919, 1940, 1975, 1976, 1990)

The "Big Red Machine" is the nickname given to the Cincinnati Reds team which dominated the National League from 1970 to 1976. The team is widely recognized as being among the best teams in baseball history. The team won five Division titles, four National League pennants, and two World Series titles

The team plays its home games at Great American Ball Park, which opened in 2003 replacing Riverfront Stadium

Pete Rose, a switch hitter, is the all-time Major League leader in hits, games played, at-bats and outs. Nicknamed "Charlie Hustle"

==== Milwaukee Brewers ====
Stadium – Miller Park

World Series wins – 0

The team was founded in 1969 as the Seattle Pilots, an expansion team of the American League. After only one season, the team relocated to Milwaukee, becoming known as the Brewers

The team's only World Series appearance came in 1982, when they lost to the St. Louis Cardinals

Since 2001, the Brewers have played their home games at Miller Park

==== Pittsburgh Pirates ====
Stadium – PNC Park

World Series wins – 5 (1909, 1925, 1960, 1971, 1979)

Established in 1887 as the Pittsburgh Alleghenys. Played in the very first World Series in 1903 and won their first World Series in 1909. The Pirates last win in the World Series was in 1979

Bill Mazeroski is best known for winning the 1960 World Series for Pittsburgh Pirates with a game-ending home run. The only other time that a World Series ended with a home run was Toronto's Joe Carter in 1993. Mazeroski's however, remains the only home run to win a World Series Game 7

==== St. Louis Cardinals ====
Stadium – Busch Stadium

World Series wins – 11 (1926, 1931, 1934, 1942, 1944, 1946, 1964, 1967, 1982, 2006, 2011)

Entrepreneur Chris von der Ahe purchased a club in 1881 then known as the Brown Stockings and established them as charter members of the American Association (AA) the following season. Upon the discontinuation of the AA, St. Louis joined the NL in 1892; at that time, they were called the Browns and the Perfectos before they were officially renamed as the Cardinals in 1900

One of the most successful franchises in baseball history, the Cardinals have won 11 World Series championships (second only to the New York Yankees' 27)

The Gashouse Gang was a nickname applied to the St. Louis Cardinals team of 1934. The team won 95 games, the National League pennant, and the 1934 World Series

Stan Musial spent 22 seasons playing for the St. Louis Cardinals, between 1941 and 1963. Musial is widely considered to be one of the greatest and most consistent hitters in baseball history

In 1998, Mark McGwire set the major league single-season home run record with 70

The name ‘cardinals’ comes from the red trim on the team jersey

=== National League West ===

==== Arizona Diamondbacks ====
Stadium – Chase Field (Phoenix)

World Series wins – 1 (2001)

Since the team's inception in 1998, the franchise has played home games at Chase Field, formerly known as Bank One Ballpark. The Diamondbacks have won one World Series championship (in 2001), becoming the fastest expansion team in the Major Leagues to win a championship

The team takes their name from a species of rattlesnake

==== Colorado Rockies ====
Stadium – Coors Field (Denver)

World Series wins – 0

Established in 1993. Played the first two seasons at the Mile High Stadium

They reached the 2007 World Series, but were swept by Boston Red Sox in four games

Coors Field is named for the Coors Brewing Company of Golden, Colorado

==== Los Angeles Dodgers ====
Stadium – Dodger Stadium

World Series wins – 9 (1955, 1959, 1963, 1965, 1981, 1988, 2020, 2024, 2025)

Established in 1883 in Brooklyn, New York, the team moved to Los Angeles before the 1958 season. They played for four seasons at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum before moving to their current home of Dodger Stadium, which is the largest MLB stadium by seat capacity

The term "Trolley Dodgers" was attached to the Brooklyn ballclub due to the complex maze of trolley cars that weaved its way through the borough of Brooklyn

The Dodgers have won six World Series titles and 21 National League pennants. Eight Cy Young Award winners have pitched for the Dodgers

The team’s last win in the World Series was in 1998, against Oakland Athletics

The Dodgers drew at least 3 million fans for 15 consecutive seasons from 1996 to 2010

Sandy Koufax was a pitcher for Brooklyn / LA Dodgers. He was born in Brooklyn to a Jewish family. First man to win Cy Young Award three times

Pee Wee Reese contributed to seven National League championships for the Dodgers. Reese is also famous for his support of his teammate Jackie Robinson

==== San Diego Padres ====
Stadium – Petco Park

World Series wins – 0

Founded in 1969, the Padres have won the NL pennant twice: in 1984 and 1998, losing in the World Series both times

The team's name, Spanish for "fathers", refers to the Spanish Franciscan friars who founded San Diego in 1769

The Padres moved from Qualcomm Stadium to Petco Park in 2004. Petco Park is named after a pet supplies retailer

==== San Francisco Giants ====
Stadium – AT&T Park

World Series wins – 8 (1905, 1921, 1922, 1933, 1954, 2010, 2012, 2014)

Founded as the New York Gothams in 1883. Changed their name to New York Giants in 1886. Moved to California after the 1957 season

Playing as the New York Giants, they won five World Series championships

The Giants played at Candlestick Park from 1960 to 1999

The address of AT&T Park is 24 Willie Mays Plaza

Bobby Thomson’s season-ending three-run walk-off home run for the New York Giants against the Brooklyn Dodgers in 1951, known as the "Shot Heard Round the World" is one of the most famous moments in baseball history. Thomson was born in Glasgow

The Giants faced the Oakland Athletics in the "Bay Bridge Series", best remembered by the 17 October 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake which struck just before the scheduled Game 3 at Candlestick Park

Barry Bonds holds many MLB hitting records, including most career home runs (762), most home runs in a single season (73, set in 2001) and most career walks. Bonds led a controversial career, notably as a central figure in baseball's steroids scandal. He has not been elected into the National Baseball Hall of Fame

== MLB statistics (at end of 2025 season) ==
Most home runs:
{| class="wikitable"
|Barry Bonds
|762
|-
|Hank Aaron
|755
|-
|Babe Ruth
|714
|-
|Albert Pujols
|703
|-
|Alex Rodriguez
|696
|}
Most strikeouts:
{| class="wikitable"
|Nolan Ryan
|5714
|-
|Randy Johnson
|4875
|-
|Roger Clemens
|4672
|}
Most World Series wins:
{| class="wikitable"
|New York Yankees
|27
|-
|St Louis Cardinals
|11
|-
|Boston Red Sox
|9
|-
|Athletics
|9
|-
|Los Angeles Dodgers
|9
|}
Seattle Mariners are the only team to have never played in the World Series

== Awards ==
'''Most Valuable Player'''

The Most Valuable Player Award (commonly known as the MVP award) is an annual award given to one outstanding player in each league of Major League Baseball. Since 1931, it has been awarded by the Baseball Writers Association of America

Barry Bonds has won the most often (seven times) and the most consecutively (2001–04)

'''World Series MVP'''

The World Series MVP Award is given to the player who most contributes to his team's success in the World Series. The award was first presented in 1955 as the ''SPORT'' Magazine Award, but is now decided during the final game of the Series by a committee of reporters and officials present at the game

Don Larsen won the MVP award in 1956. He is the only pitcher to pitch a perfect game in World Series history, for the New York Yankees

Bobby Richardson of the 1960 New York Yankees is the only player in World Series history to be named MVP despite being on the losing team

Three players have won the award twice: Sandy Koufax, Bob Gibson, and Reggie Jackson

'''Cy Young'''

The Cy Young Award is given annually to the best pitchers in Major League Baseball. The award was first introduced in 1956 by in honour of Hall of Fame pitcher Cy Young, who died in 1955. The award was originally given to the single best pitcher in the major leagues, but in 1967 the award was given to one pitcher in each league

During his 22-season baseball career (1890–1911), Cy Young pitched for five different teams. Young established numerous pitching records, some of which have stood for a century. He compiled 511 wins

Roger Clemens won seven Cy Young Awards, more than any other pitcher. He played for four different teams over his 23-year playing career. Nicknamed "The Rocket"

David "Randy" Johnson, nicknamed "The Big Unit", pitched for six different teams. Johnson won the Cy Young Award five times, including four consecutive years with the Arizona Diamondbacks

Greg Maddux also won the Cy Young Award in four consecutive years

'''Gold Glove'''

The Rawlings Gold Glove Award, usually referred to simply as the Gold Glove, is the award annually given to the major league player judged to be the most superior individual fielding performance at each position (in each league), as voted by the managers and coaches in each league. Managers are not allowed to vote for their own players. Eighteen Gold Gloves are awarded each year, one at each of nine positions to a player in both the National League and American League. First awarded in 1957

The most Gold Gloves ever won by one player is 18 by pitcher Greg Maddux. He won 13 consecutive awards from 1990 to 2002 with the Chicago Cubs and the Atlanta Braves

'''Hank Aaron'''

The Hank Aaron Award is given annually to the Major League Baseball players selected as the top hitter in each league, as voted on by baseball fans and members of the media. It was introduced in 1999 to commemorate the 25th anniversary of Hank Aaron's surpassing of Babe Ruth's career home run mark of 714 home runs

Alex Rodriguez has won the award four times, the most of any player

'''Silver Slugger'''

The Silver Slugger Award is awarded annually to the best offensive player at each position in both the American League and the National League, as determined by Major League Baseball's coaches and managers

Barry Bonds won twelve Silver Slugger Awards in his career as an outfielder, the most of any player

== Ten leading players ==
'''Hank Aaron'''

Hank Aaron played 21 seasons for the Milwaukee/Atlanta Braves and two seasons for the Milwaukee Brewers, from 1954 through 1976. Aaron held the MLB record for career home runs for 33 years, and he still holds several MLB offensive records. Aaron is in second place in home runs (755). He hit 24 or more home runs every year from 1955 through 1973, and is one of only two players to hit 30 or more home runs in a season at least fifteen times. He was a Gold Glove winner for three seasons. In 1957, he was the NL Most Valuable Player when the Milwaukee Braves won the World Series. Nicknamed "Hammer"

'''Ty Cobb'''

Ty Cobb spent 22 seasons with the Detroit Tigers, the last six as the team's player-manager, and finished his career with the Philadelphia Athletics. In 1936 Cobb received the most votes of any player on the inaugural Baseball Hall of Fame ballot. Cobb is widely credited with setting 90 Major League Baseball records during his career, and still holds several records. Cobb was notorious for sliding into bases feet first, with his spikes high. Nicknamed "The Georgia Peach"

'''Joe DiMaggio'''

Joe DiMaggio played his entire MLB career (1936–51) for the New York Yankees, winning three MVP awards. He is best known for his 56-game hitting streak in1941, a record that still stands. DiMaggio married Marilyn Monroe in 1954. When he died in 1999, his last words were "I'll finally get to see Marilyn". Nicknamed "Joltin' Joe" and "The Yankee Clipper"

'''Lou Gehrig'''

Lou Gehrig played for the New York Yankees from 1923 to 1939. He was a member of six World Series champion teams. In 1932, Gehrig became the first player of the 20th century to hit four home runs in a game. Lou Gehrig held the record for most career grand slams (23) until Alex Rodriguez broke it in 2013. In 1939 he was diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a disorder now commonly referred to as Lou Gehrig's disease. Nicknamed "The Iron Horse"

'''Ken Griffey Jr.'''

Ken Griffey Jr. played from 1989 to 2010. He spent most of his career with the Seattle Mariners and Cincinnati Reds, along with a short stint with the Chicago White Sox. Griffey was one of the most prolific home run hitters in baseball history; his 630 home runs rank as the sixth-most in MLB history. Griffey was also an exceptional defender and won 10 Gold Glove Awards in center field. Nicknamed "Junior" and "The Kid"

'''Mickey Mantle'''

Micky Mantle played his entire 18-year major-league professional career (1951–68) for the New York Yankees, winning three American League MVP titles. Mantle played on 12 pennant winners and 7 World Championship clubs. He still holds the record for most World Series home runs (18). Mantle won the Triple Crown in 1956, leading the major leagues in batting average, home runs, and runs batted in. He is regarded by many as the greatest switch hitter in baseball history. Nicknamed "The Commerce Comet" or "The Mick"

'''Willie Mays'''

Willie Mays spent almost his entire 22 season career playing for the New York and San Francisco Giants, before finishing with the New York Mets. He shares the record of most All-Star Games played (24) with Hank Aaron and Stan Musial. Mays ended his career with 660 home runs, third at the time of his retirement, and currently fifth all-time. He also won 12 Gold Glove awards. In Game 1 of the 1954 World Series against the Cleveland Indians, Willie Mays made "The Catch", a dramatic over-the-shoulder catch of a fly ball. Nicknamed "The Say Hey Kid"

'''Albert Pujols'''

Albert Pujols was born in the Dominican Republic and moved to the United States in 1996. He played for the St. Louis Cardinals from 2001 to 2011 before moving to the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim. He is a six-time Silver Slugger who has twice led the NL in home runs. Pujols is the only player in major league history to bat at least .300 with 30 or more home runs and 100 or more runs batted in his first 10 seasons

'''Jackie Robinson'''

Jackie Robinson became the first African-American Major League Baseball player of the modern era, in 1947. The Baseball Hall of Fame inducted Robinson in 1962 and he was a member of six World Series teams. Played for the Brooklyn Dodgers from 1947 to 1956. In 1997, MLB "universally" retired his uniform number, 42, across all major league teams; he was the first pro athlete in any sport to be so honoured. MLB also adopted a new annual tradition, "Jackie Robinson Day", for the first time in 2004, on which every player on every team wears No. 42

'''Babe Ruth'''

George Herman "Babe" Ruth played for Boston Red Sox from 1914 to 1919 and for New York Yankees from 1920 to 1934. He finished his career with Boston Braves in 1935. Ruth established many MLB batting (and some pitching) records, including career home runs (714). Ruth won four World Series championships with the Yankees. Babe Ruth's number 3 was retired by the New York Yankees in 1948. Nicknamed "The Bambino" and "The Sultan of Swat"

Civilisation/World Geography - North America

2025-11-04T18:03:07Z

QRNeditor: Added new flags of Minnesota and Utah

== United States ==
[[File:Flag-of-United-States-of-America.png|none|thumb]]
Flag of United States contains 13 stripes representing the Thirteen Colonies and 50 stars representing the 50 states. Known as the Stars and Stripes, the Star-Spangled Banner, and Old Glory
{| class="wikitable"
|Capital
|Washington, D.C.
|-
|Largest cities
|New York, Los Angeles, Chicago, Houston, Phoenix
|-
|Currency
|Dollar
|-
|Highest point
|Denali (Mount McKinley)
|}
The United States is the world's fourth-largest country by total area and third most populous (320 million). The U.S. population almost quadrupled during the 20th century, from about 76 million in 1900

In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a world map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere "America" after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci

Largest states by area – Alaska, Texas, California, Montana, New Mexico

Smallest states by area – Rhode Island, Delaware, Connecticut, New Jersey, New Hampshire

Largest states by population – California, Texas, Florida, New York, Illinois

Smallest states by population – Wyoming, Vermont, Alaska, North Dakota, South Dakota

The 49th parallel of north latitude forms part of the international boundary between Canada and the United States from Manitoba to British Columbia on the Canadian side and from Minnesota to Washington on the U.S. side. Its use as a border is a result of the Anglo-American Convention of 1818 and the Oregon Treaty of 1846[[File:Map of USA with state names 2.svg|none|thumb|599x599px|link=Special:FilePath/Map_of_USA_with_state_names_2.svg]]

'''Alabama''' (AL)
[[File:Alabama.png|none|thumb]]
Capital – Montgomery

Largest city – Huntsville

Nickname – Heart of Dixie, Cotton State, Yellowhammer State

Birmingham is Alabama's second-most populous city after Huntsville. The broader Birmingham metropolitan area us largest metropolitan area in Alabama

Mobile was founded in 1702 by the French as the first capital of Louisiana

Muscle Shoals Sound Studio is in Sheffield

'''Alaska''' (AK)
[[File:Alaska.png|none|thumb]]
Capital – Juneau

Largest city – Anchorage

Nickname – The Last Frontier, Land of the Midnight Sun

Alaska time zone is UTC-09:00

Alaska is the least densely populated state

Alaska has longest coastline in USA

Alaska has boroughs, not counties

Juneau cannot be reached by car

Barrow is the northernmost settlement on the North American mainland and in the United States. Nearby Point Barrow is the northernmost point of the United States. Barrow is now known as Utqiagvik

Disenchantment Bay is in Alaska

Alexander Archipelago is in Alaska

Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve is in Alaska

Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes is a valley within Katmai National Park and Preserve in Alaska which is filled with ash flow from the eruption of Novarupta in 1912

Cape Prince of Wales is the westernmost mainland point of the Americas

Little Diomede or “Yesterday Isle” is the smaller of the two Diomede Islands located in the middle of the Bering Strait between the Alaska mainland and Siberia. Big Diomede Island is part of Russia and west of the International Date Line

Sitka is the largest city-borough by total area in the United States

Fairbanks is the second most populous metropolitan area

Tongass National Forest is the largest U.S. National Forest

Attu is the westernmost and largest island in the Near Islands group of the Aleutian Islands of Alaska, and the westernmost point of land relative to Alaska. The island is currently uninhabited. The island was the site of the only World War II land battle fought on an incorporated territory of the United States

Unalaska is an island in the Fox Islands group of the Aleutian Islands

Yakutat City is the largest city by area in USA

Mount Aniakchak is a volcanic caldera located in the Aleutian Range

Kodiak Island is the second largest island in USA, behind Big Island, Hawaii

Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race is an annual long-distance sled dog race run in March from Anchorage to Nome

Alaska Highway was constructed as an emergency supply route in WWII and connects the contiguous U.S. to Alaska through Canada. It runs from Dawson Creek, British Columbia to Faribanks, Alaska. Completed in 1943, it is 1,390 miles long

Dalton Highway is a 414-mile road in Alaska. It begins at the Elliott Highway, north of Fairbanks, and ends at Deadhorse near the Arctic Ocean and the Prudhoe Bay oil fields

Chilkoot Trail leads from Dyea, Alaska, to Bennett, British Columbia. It is part of Klondike Gold Rush National Historical Park in the United States. It was a major access route from the coast to Yukon goldfields in the late 1890s

'''Arizona''' (AZ)
[[File:Arizona.png|none|thumb]]
Capital and largest city – Phoenix

Nickname – Grand Canyon State, Apache State

Phoenix is the largest city which is also a state capital

Hoover Dam, once known as Boulder Dam, is a concrete arch-gravity dam in the Black Canyon of the Colorado River, on the border between Arizona and Nevada. It was constructed between 1931 and 1936 and designed by Frank Crowe. Produces hydroelectric power. Hoover Dam impounds Lake Mead, the largest reservoir in the United States by volume

The Grand Canyon is a canyon carved by the Colorado River in Arizona. The Grand Canyon is 446 km long, up to 29 km wide and attains a depth of over a mile. The thick sequence of ancient rocks that are well preserved and exposed in the walls of the canyon record much of the early geologic history of the North American continent

Painted Desert is composed of stratified layers of easily erodible siltstone, mudstone, and shale. These fine-grained rock layers contain abundant iron and manganese compounds which provide the pigments for the various colours of the region

The Wave is a spectacular sandstone formation on the slopes of the Coyote Buttes in the Paria Canyon-Vermilion Cliffs Wilderness Area

Meteor crater was created about 50,000 years ago. The object that excavated the crater was a nickel-iron meteorite about 50 m across. Scientists refer to the crater as Barringer Crater in honour of Daniel Barringer who was first to suggest that it was produced by meteorite impact

Petrified Forest National Park is named for its large deposits of petrified wood

London Bridge in Lake Havasu City is the reconstruction of the 1831 London Bridge designed by John Rennie until it was dismantled in 1967. The bridge was bought by Robert P. McCulloch from the City of London

O.K. Corral (Old Kindersley) was originally from 1879 to about 1888 a livery and horse corral in the mining boomtown of Tombstone

Maricopa County is the fourth-most populous county in the United States

Canyon de Chelly National Monument preserves ruins of the indigenous tribes that lived in the area, from the Ancestral Puebloans (also known as the Anasazi) to the Navajo

'''Arkansas''' (AR)
[[File:Arkansas.png|none|thumb]]
Capital and largest city – Little Rock

Nickname – The Natural State, Bear State, Land of Opportunity

Mississippi River forms most of the eastern border of Arkansas

Hot Springs National Park is in Arkansas

'''California''' (CA)
[[File:California.png|none|thumb]]
Capital – Sacramento

Largest cities – Los Angeles, San Diego, San Jose, San Francisco

Nickname – The Golden State

'''Los Angeles''' is known as the ‘City of Angels’ and the ‘Big Orange’

The Hollywood sign originally read ‘HOLLYWOODLAND’, and its purpose was to advertise a new housing development

Sunset Strip is the name given to the 2.4 km stretch of Sunset Boulevard that passes through West Hollywood

Whisky a Go Go is a nightclub on the Sunset Strip

Los Angeles Aqueduct system comprising the Los Angeles Aqueduct (Owens Valley aqueduct) and the Second Los Angeles Aqueduct delivers water from the Owens River in the Eastern Sierra Nevada Mountains into the city of Los Angeles. Designed by William Mulholland. Completed in 1913

St. Francis Dam was a gravity dam built as a large reservoir near the city of Los Angeles. The dam was built between 1924 and 1926 under the supervision of William Mulholland, an engineer for the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power. In 1928, the dam catastrophically failed

La Brea Tar Pits are a cluster of tar pits located in Hancock Park in the urban heart of Los Angeles. Over many centuries, animals that came to drink the water fell in, sank in the tar, and were preserved as bones. The George C. Page Museum is dedicated to researching the tar pits and displaying specimens from the animals that died there

John Wayne airport is in Orange County

Santa Ana is in Orange County

John Paul Getty museum is in Malibu

'''San Francisco''' cable cars are the world’s only mobile National Monument. Started operation in 1873

Fisherman's Wharf is a popular tourist attraction

The Immigration Station on Angel Island in San Francisco Bay processed approximately one million Asian immigrants and has been designated a National Historic Landmark

Alcatraz Island is 2 km offshore from San Francisco. In 1934, the island was converted into a federal prison. The strong currents around the island and cold water temperatures made escape all but impossible. The prison closed in 1963, and the island is now a major tourist attraction

Marin County is across the Golden Gate Bridge from San Francisco. Natural sites include the Muir Woods redwood forest, the Marin Headlands, Stinson Beach, the Point Reyes National Seashore, and Mount Tamalpais

Napa Valley and Sonoma Valley are part of the Wine Country in the northern San Francisco Bay Area

Farallon Islands are a group of islands off the coast of San Francisco. The islands are also sometimes referred to by mariners as the Devil's Teeth Islands, in reference to the many treacherous underwater shoals in their vicinity

San Diego has one of the world’s largest zoos

San Diego International Airport is on the site of a municipal airport named Lindbergh Field

San Jose is the county seat of Santa Clara County

John Sutter founded the city of Sacramento, first naming it New Helvetia, the ancient name of Switzerland

Neverland, formerly the Sycamore Valley Ranch, is in Santa Barbara County

Gilroy Garlic Festival is held annually in July

Lassen Volcanic National Park is in central northern California. The dominant feature of the park is Lassen Peak; the largest plug dome volcano in the world and the southern-most volcano in the Cascade Range. Lassen Volcanic National Park started as two separate national monuments designated by President Theodore Roosevelt in 1907: Cinder Cone National Monument and Lassen Peak National Monument

Yosemite National Park covers an area of 3,074 km2. It was Designated a World Heritage Site in 1984

El Capitan is a 1000 m vertical rock formation in Yosemite National Park, located on the north side of Yosemite Valley, near its western end. The granite monolith is one of the world's favourite challenges for rock climbers. The Nose is a climbing route up El Capitan

Mono Lake contains bacteria that grow in high concentrations of arsenic

Sutter Buttes in California are sometimes referred to as the world's smallest mountain range

San Bernardino County is the largest county in the contiguous United States by area

El Camino Real is a 600-mile road connecting the 21 Spanish missions in California

Zabriskie Point is in Death Valley National Park

Death Valley is the largest national park south of Alaska

Furnace Creek holds the record for the highest recorded air temperature on Earth at 134 °F (56.7 °C)

Telescope Peak is the highest point in Death Valley National Park

Joshua Tree National Park is named after the Joshua trees native to the Mojave Desert. Originally declared a national monument in 1936, Joshua Tree was redesignated as a national park in 1994

Sequoia National Park is in the southern Sierra Nevada. It contains giant sequoia trees, including the General Sherman tree, the largest tree on Earth

Salton Sea is the largest lake in California. It is a saline endorheic lake that is heavily polluted

Santa Cruz is the largest of the Californian Channel Islands

'''Colorado''' (CO)
[[File:Colorado.png|none|thumb]]
Capital and largest city – Denver

Nickname – Centennial State

Colorado is known as the Centennial state because it was admitted to the Union in 1876

Denver International Airport has four murals, all of which have been the topic of conspiracy theorists and debate, and popularized in ‘Family Guy’

Mount Elbert is highest mountain in Rockies

Mesa Verde National Park is a U.S. National Park and UNESCO World Heritage Site located in Montezuma County, Colorado. The park features numerous ruins of homes and villages built by the ancient Pueblo people known as the Anasazi. The Anasazi made this stone village their home in the 1200s, before being killed off by drought in 13th century

Pikes Peak in the Rocky Mountains is higher than any point in the United States east of its longitude. ‘Pike's Peak or Bust’ became the slogan of the Colorado Gold Rush

Colorado River was known as the Grand River until 1921

Colorado River drains into the Gulf of California

'''Connecticut''' (CT)
[[File:Connecticut.png|none|thumb]]
Capital – Hartford

Largest city – Bridgeport

Nickname – Constitution State, Nutmeg State

Dinosaur State Park and Arboretum is in Connecticut

'''Delaware''' (DE)
[[File:Delaware.png|none|thumb]]
Flag of Delaware has the date 7 December 1787, the day on which Delaware became the first state to ratify the United States Constitution

Capital – Dover

Largest city – Wilmington

Nickname – The First State, Diamond State

Delaware is divided into three counties, named New Castle, Kent, and Sussex

Delaware was a Dutch colony

Delaware is considered a corporate haven because of its business-friendly corporate laws. More than half of all U.S. publicly traded companies, and 63% of the Fortune 500, are incorporated in Delaware

Delaware Bay is bordered by Delaware and New Jersey

Delmarva is a large peninsula occupied by most of Delaware as well as the Eastern Shore of Maryland and the Eastern Shore of Virginia

'''Florida''' (FL)
[[File:Florida.png|none|thumb]]
Capital – Tallahassee

Largest city – Jacksonville

Nickname – Sunshine State, Peninsula State

Miami has the largest collection of Art Deco architecture in the world

Miami is built on a bedrock of limestone

St. Petersburg is the second largest city in the Tampa Bay Area

Orlando is nicknamed ‘The City Beautiful’ and its symbol is the fountain at Lake Eola

Orlando attracts over 75 million tourists a year

St. Augustine is the oldest continuously occupied European-established city, and the oldest port, in the continental United States

Fort Lauderdale is known as the ‘Venice of America’

Lake Okeechobee is the largest freshwater lake in Florida

Sunshine Skyway Bridge was destroyed in 1980 when hit by a ship

Three counties in the Tampa region are known as ‘sinkhole alley’

Florida's peninsula is made up of porous carbonate rocks such as limestone that store and help move groundwater. Dirt, sand and clay sit on top of the carbonate rock. Over time, these rocks can dissolve from an acid created from oxygen in water, creating a void underneath the limestone roof. When the dirt, clay or sand gets too heavy for the limestone roof, it can collapse and form a sinkhole

Mar-a-Lago is a resort in Palm Beach

The northern end of the Biscayne Bay lagoon is surrounded by Downtown Miami

Pensacola is the westernmost city of the Florida panhandle. Pensacola beach is known for its white sand beaches

Florida Keys are a coral cay archipelago forming the southernmost part of the continental United States

Key West is the westernmost island connected by U.S. Highway 1 and is 95 miles from Cuba

Key Largo calls itself the ‘Diving Capital of the World’

Straits of Florida are between Florida Keys and Cuba

Everglades is a natural region of tropical wetlands in the southern portion of Florida. The primary feature of the Everglades is the sawgrass marsh

Florida is the US state most affected by lightning

'''Georgia''' (GA)
[[File:Georgia.png|none|thumb]]
Capital and largest city – Atlanta

Nickname – Peach State, Empire State of the South

Peachtree Street is the main north-south Street of Atlanta

Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport has been the world's busiest airport by passenger traffic since 1998

Macon is known as the ‘Heart of Georgia’

Stone Mountain is a quartz dome monadnock. Stone Mountain is well-known not only for its geology, but also for the enormous bas-relief on its north face, the largest bas-relief in the world. Three figures of the Confederate States of America are carved there: Stonewall Jackson, Robert E. Lee, and Jefferson Davis. Sculped by Gutzon Borglum

Savannah was the first state capital of Georgia

Savannah River forms most of the border between the states of South Carolina and Georgia

Okefenokee Swamp is a shallow 1770 km² peat-filled wetland straddling the Georgia–Florida border. Okefenokee is the largest "blackwater" swamp in North America

'''Hawaii''' (HI)
[[File:Hawaii.png|none|thumb]]
Capital and largest city – Honolulu

Nickname – Aloha State

Hawaii-Aleutian time zone is UTC-10:00

‘Iolani Palace was the royal residence of the rulers of the Kingdom of Hawaii ending with Queen Liliʻuokalani in 1893

Hawaiian Islands are an archipelago of eight major islands

Pearl Harbour and Honolulu are on the island of Oahu

Mauna Kea (‘white mountain’) is taller than Everest when measured from its base; it rises over 10,203 m when measured from its base on the mid-ocean floor, but only attains 4205 m above sea level

Mauna Kea observatory is on Hawaii

Hawaiian Volcano Observatory is a volcano observatory located at Uwekahuna Bluff on the rim of Kilauea Caldera on the Island of Hawaii

Hawaii Volcanoes National Park encompasses two active volcanoes: Kilauea, one of the world's most active volcanoes, and Mauna Loa, the world's most massive volcano

Mount Kilauea emits large quantities of sulphur dioxide

Hilo is the main town on the island of Hawaii, also called the Big Island

Kauai is the oldest of the main Hawaiian Islands

Lanai is the sixth-largest of the Hawaiian Islands. It is also known as the Pineapple Island

The Hawaiian Islands were (and continue to be) continuously formed from volcanic activity initiated at an undersea magma source called a hotspot. As the tectonic plate beneath much of the Pacific Ocean moves to the northwest, the hot spot remains stationary, slowly creating new volcanoes

Haleakala is a massive shield volcano that forms more than 75% of the island of Maui

Niihau is an island in Hawaii known as ‘The Forbidden Isle’ as it is privately owned

'''Idaho''' (ID)
[[File:Idaho.png|none|thumb]]
Capital and largest city – Boise

Nickname – Gem State, Gem of the Mountains

Craters of the Moon National Monument and Preserve is a national monument and national preserve located in the Snake River Plain in central Idaho

'''Illinois''' (IL)
[[File:Illinois.png|none|thumb]]
Capital – Springfield

Largest city – Chicago

Nickname – Prairie State

Fort Dearborn, named in honour of Henry Dearborn, was a United States fort built on the Chicago River in 1803 by troops under Captain John Whistler. The site of the fort is now a Chicago Landmark, part of the Michigan–Wacker Historic District

Chicago is called the ‘windy city’ due to politicians being full of hot air

O’Hare airport in Chicago has the code ORD, as it was previously known as Orchard Field

LaSalle Street is a major street in Chicago named for Sieur de La Salle, an early explorer of Illinois. The portion that runs through the Chicago Loop is considered to be Chicago's financial district

Chicago Midway Airport honours the Battle of Midway

Taste of Chicago (also known locally as The Taste) is the world's largest food festival, held for five days in July

Museum of Science and Industry is housed in the former Palace of Fine Arts

Chicago "L" (short for "elevated") is the rapid transit system serving the city of Chicago

Navy Pier is a 3,300’ long pier on the Chicago shoreline of Lake Michigan

In 1900 the flow of the Chicago River was reversed using a series of canal locks, increasing the river's flow from Lake Michigan and causing it to empty into the newly completed Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal

Oak Ridge Cemetery in Springfield contains Abraham Lincoln’s tomb

'''Indiana''' (IN)
[[File:Indiana.png|none|thumb]]
Capital and largest city – Indianapolis

Nickname – Hoosier State

Indiana received its name because the state was largely possessed by native tribes even after it was granted statehood

Fort Wayne is the second largest city in Indiana

'''Iowa''' (IA)
[[File:Iowa.png|none|thumb]]
Capital and largest city – Des Moines

Nickname – Hawkeye State

During the 18th and early 19th centuries, Iowa was a part of French Louisiana and Spanish Louisiana; its state flag is patterned after the flag of France

Maharishi Vedic City is a city in Jefferson County, Iowa

'''Kansas''' (KS)
[[File:Kansas.png|none|thumb]]
Capital – Topeka

Largest city – Wichita

Nickname – Sunflower State

Lebanon is the centre of the 48 contiguous states

Boot Hill Museum is in Dodge City

'''Kentucky''' (KY)
[[File:Kentucky.png|none|thumb]]
Capital – Frankfort

Largest city – Louisville

Nickname – Bluegrass State

The Bethlehem, Kentucky post office offers a special postmark during the Christmas season

Mammoth Cave National Park encompasses portions of Mammoth Cave, the longest cave system known in the world

'''Louisiana''' (LA)
[[File:Louisiana.png|none|thumb]]
Capital – Baton Rouge

Largest city – New Orleans

Nickname – Pelican State, Bayou State, Creole State

Louisiana is the only state with political subdivisions termed parishes, which are equivalent to counties

New Orleans is known as “crescent city”, alluding to the course of the Lower Mississippi River through the city, and “The Big Easy”. It is named after the Duke of Orleans, who reigned as Regent for Louis XV

Bourbon Street is a historic street in the heart of the French Quarter of New Orleans. It is famous for its many bars and strip clubs

Basin Street is a street in New Orleans with many music venues

Louis Armstrong airport serves New Orleans

Storyville was the red-light district of New Orleans from 1897 to 1917

New Orleans was catastrophically affected by Hurricane Katrina in 2005

Lake Pontchartrain Causeway is the longest continuous bridge over water

Angola Penitentiary is the State Penitentiary in Louisiana, the largest prison in the US, housing 5,000 inmates, and was set up by Isaac Franklin with profits from slave trading

'''Maine''' (ME)
[[File:Maine.png|none|thumb]]
Capital – Augusta

Largest city – Portland

Nickname – Pine Tree State, Vacationland

Maine is the lobster capital of the United States

Hundred-Mile Wilderness is a section of the Appalachian Trail

Mount Katahdin is the highest mountain in Maine

Portland was the former capital of Maine

Maine is the only US state that borders only one other state, having a border with New Hampshire

'''Maryland''' (MD)
[[File:Maryland.png|none|thumb]]
Flag of Maryland consists of the heraldic banner of George Calvert, 1st Baron Baltimore. It is the only state flag in the United States to be based on English heraldry

Capital – Annapolis

Largest city – Baltimore

Nickname – Free State, Old Line State

Goddard Space Flight Centre was established in 1959

Mallows Bay in Maryland is regarded as the "largest shipwreck fleet in the Western Hemisphere”

Camp David received its present name from Dwight D. Eisenhower, in honour of his father and grandson, both named David. Camp David is officially known as the Naval Support Facility Thurmont

Maryland was named in honour of Henrietta Maria of France, wife of Charles I

'''Massachusetts''' (MA)
[[File:Massachusetts.png|none|thumb]]
Capital and largest city – Boston

Nickname – The Bay State, Old Colony State

Boston is known as the ‘Athens of the Americas’

Boston has the oldest subway system in US, operational from 1897

Breed's Hill is a glacial drumlin located in the Charlestown section of Boston. It is best known as the location where in 1775, early in the American Revolutionary War, most of the fighting in the Battle of Bunker Hill took place

Charles River flows for 80 miles through Massachusetts before emptying into Boston Harbour

'''Michigan''' (MI)
[[File:Michigan.png|none|thumb]]
Capital – Lansing

Largest city – Detroit

Nickname – The Great Lakes State, The Wolverine State

Detroit was founded by Antoine Cadillac in 1701

Highland Park Ford Plant in Detroit was designed by Albert Kahn in 1908 and was opened in 1910

Davison freeway in Detroit was the first US freeway

Kalamazoo is in Michigan

Grand Rapids, Michigan was first town to have fluoride added to the water supply

Ambassador Bridge connects Detroit with Windsor, Ontario. It is the busiest international border crossing in North America in terms of trade volume, carrying more than 25% of all merchandise trade between the United States and Canada

Marquette is the largest city in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan and is a major port

The State of Superior is a proposed ‘51st state’ that would be created by the secession of the Upper Peninsula from the rest of Michigan

'''Minnesota''' (MN)

In May 2024 Minnesota adopted a new flag, replacing the 1983 flag
[[File:MN State Flag FINAL A2-1200x720.png|none|thumb]]
Capital – St. Paul

Largest city – Minneapolis

Nickname – Land of 10,000 Lakes, North Star State, Gopher State

Lake Itasca is a small glacial lake in Minnesota. It is the source of the Mississippi River

Minnesota contains the most northerly point of the 48 contiguous states. Northwest Angle in Minnesota is the only part of the 48 contiguous states north of the 49th parallel. The land area of the Angle is separated from the rest of Minnesota by Lake of the Woods, but shares a land border with Canada

Mall of America is located in Bloomington, Minnesota. Opened in 1992, it is the largest shopping mall in the western hemisphere

Duluth is located on Lake Superior and is a hub for cargo shipping

Winona is a town in Minnesota

'''Mississippi''' (MS)
[[File:Flag of Mississippi.png|none|thumb]]
Flag of Mississippi was adopted on 11 January 2021. It replaces the previous flag that displayed the Confederate battle insignia in the upper left hand corner

Capital and largest city – Jackson

Nickname – Magnolia State

Mississippi has the lowest per-capita income in the United States

Tupelo is in Mississippi

'''Missouri''' (MO)
[[File:Missouri.png|none|thumb]]
Capital – Jefferson City

Largest city – Kansas City

Nickname – Show-Me State

St. Louis is named after Louis IX of France

The Gateway Arch in St. Louis was designed by Eero Saarinen. It opened to the public in 1967

Independence in Missouri is known as the ‘Queen City of the Trails’ because it was a point of departure of the California, Oregon and Santa Fe Trails. Independence is also noted as the hometown of President Harry S. Truman

Big Spring is one of the largest springs in the United States. It rises at the base of a bluff on the west side of the Current River valley in the Missouri Ozarks

Cahokia Mounds State Historic Site is the site of a pre-Columbian Native American city (c. 600–1400) directly across the Mississippi River from modern St. Louis. Monks Mound is the largest structure and central focus of the city

'''Montana''' (MT)
[[File:Montana.png|none|thumb]]
Capital – Helena

Largest city – Billings

Nickname – Treasure State

Glacier National Park is on the border with the Canadian provinces of Alberta and British Columbia. The park encompasses over 1 million acres (4,000 km2)

Lake Missoula was a prehistoric proglacial lake in western Montana that existed periodically at the end of the last ice age between 15,000 and 13,000 years ago

Egg Mountain is a dinosaur site in Montana. Findings demonstrated for the first time that at least some dinosaurs cared for their young

'''Nebraska''' (NE)
[[File:Nebraska.png|none|thumb]]
Capital – Lincoln

Largest city – Omaha

Nickname – Cornhusker State, Beef State, Tree Planters State

''Carhenge'' is a replica of Stonehenge located near the city of Alliance, Nebraska on the High Plains. ''Carhenge'' is formed from vintage American automobiles, all covered with gray spray paint. Built by Jim Reinders

Nebraska is the only triply landlocked state

'''Nevada''' (NV)
[[File:Nevada.png|none|thumb]]
Capital – Carson City

Largest city – Las Vegas

Nickname – Silver State, Sagebrush State, Battle Born State

Las Vegas (Spanish for ‘The Meadows’) lies within the Mojave Desert. It has over 2.9 million visitors a year

‘Welcome to Las Vegas’ sign was created by Betty Willis in 1959

Paradise is an unincorporated town that contains Harry Reid International Airport, most of the Las Vegas Strip, and most of the tourist attractions in the Las Vegas area (excluding downtown)

Boulder City was originally built in 1931 as housing for workers who were building Hoover Dam

Carson City was named after frontiersman Kit Carson

'''New Hampshire''' (NH)
[[File:New Hampshire.png|none|thumb]]
Capital – Concord

Largest city – Manchester

Nickname – Granite State

”Live Free or Die” is the motto of New Hampshire

Bretton Woods is in New Hampshire

Dixville Notch is a village in New Hampshire. The population of the township, all of whom live in the village, was 4 at the 2020 census. The village is known for being one of the first places to declare its results during United States presidential elections

Mount Washington is the highest point in the Northeastern United States

'''New Jersey''' (NJ)
[[File:New Jersey.png|none|thumb]]
Capital – Trenton

Largest city – Newark

Nickname – Garden State

New Jersey is the fourth-smallest state, but the most densely populated. It is named after the largest of the Channel Islands

To honour the victims that died on the 9/11 attacks, in 2002 the airport's name was changed from Newark International Airport to Newark Liberty International Airport

'''New Mexico''' (NM)
[[File:New Mexico.png|none|thumb]]
Capital – Santa Fe

Largest city – Albuquerque

Nickname – Land of Enchantment

Sante Fe was formally founded and made a capital in 1610, making it the oldest capital city in what is today the United States

Santa Fe’s full name when founded was “The Royal Town of the Holy Faith of St. Francis of Assisi”

Georgia O’Keeffe Museum is in Santa Fe

Albuquerque is on the Rio Grande

White Sands Missile Range was the location of the Trinity atomic bomb test

National Museum of Nuclear Science & History (formerly named National Atomic Museum) is located in Albuquerque

Acoma Pueblo, also known as “Sky City”, is a Native American pueblo built on top of a 112 m sandstone mesa in New Mexico. It is one of the oldest continuously inhabited communities in the United States

Chaco Culture National Historical Park is in New Mexico. Evidence of archaeoastronomy at Chaco has been proposed, with the Sun Dagger petroglyph at Fajada Butte a popular example

Carlsbad Caverns National Park is in New Mexico. Carlsbad Cavern includes a large cave chamber, the Big Room, a natural limestone chamber

'''New York''' (NY)
[[File:New York.png|none|thumb]]
Capital – Albany

Largest city – New York City

Nickname – Empire State
[[File:5 Boroughs Labels New York City Map.svg|center|thumb|link=Special:FilePath/5_Boroughs_Labels_New_York_City_Map.svg]]

New York consists of five boroughs – Manhattan (1), Brooklyn (2), Queens (3), The Bronx (4), and Staten Island (5) – which were consolidated into a single city in 1898

New York is built on a bedrock of schist

New Amsterdam became New York in 1664

New York is named after the Duke of York, who became King James II of England

Gotham is a nickname of New York

Madison Avenue is associated with advertising

Wall Street extends from Broadway to the East River

Times Square was formerly known as Longacre Square. Renamed in honour of the New York Times

The Great White Way is a nickname for a section of Broadway that encompasses the Theatre District

Sixth Avenue is the Avenue of the Americas

The Bowery is in the southern portion of Manhattan. Home of many music halls in the 19th century, the Bowery later became notable for its economic depression

In 1857 a landscape design contest was held for the design of Central Park. Frederick Law Olmsted and Calvert Vaux developed what came to be known as the Greensward Plan, which was selected as the winning design. Central Park comprises 843 acres. Alice in Wonderland sculpture is in Central Park

Harlem is a district in Manhattan

Harlem River separates the island of Manhattan from the Bronx

Nolita, from ‘North of Little Italy’ is a neighbourhood in Lower Manhattan

Charging Bull sculpture on Broadway was designed by Arturo di Modica. Fearless Girl is a temporary sculpture opposite the Charging Bull

Grant's Tomb, officially the General Grant National Memorial is in Manhattan and is the largest mausoleum in America

TriBeCa is a neighborhood in downtown Manhattan. The name is a syllabic abbreviation of ‘Triangle Below Canal Street.’ It runs roughly from Canal Street south to Park Place, and from the Hudson River east to Broadway

Hell’s Kitchen is a district of New York

The Hell Gate Bridge was built over a portion of the East River known as Hell Gate

JFK Airport is on Long Island. Known as Idlewild until 1963, one month after the assassination of John F. Kennedy

The first immigrant to pass through Ellis Island was Annie Moore, a 15-year-old girl from Cork, Ireland, on 1 January 1892. The last person to pass through Ellis Island was a Norwegian merchant seaman by the name of Arne Peterssen in 1954. Since 1990, restored buildings on the island host a museum of immigration run by the National Park Service as part of the Statue of Liberty National Monument

Ellis Island was sometimes known as ‘The Island of Tears’ or ‘Heartbreak Island’ because of those 2% who were not admitted after the long transatlantic voyage

Staten Island is connected to Brooklyn by Verrazano Narrows Bridge, over the Hudson River. Opened in 1964

The west end of Long Island has the New York City boroughs of Brooklyn (Kings County) and Queens (Queens County)

High Line is a linear park built on a section of the former elevated New York Central Railroad spur called the West Side Line, which runs along the lower west side of Manhattan

New York subway opened in 1904

Grand Central Depot was financed by Cornelius Vanderbilt. It opened in 1871, and was renamed Grand Central Station in 1900. Oyster Bar is the oldest business within Grand Central

Pennsylvania Station, also known as Penn Station, is the main intercity railroad station in New York City. It is the busiest passenger transportation hub in the Western Hemisphere

Commissioners' Plan of 1811 was the original design for the streets of Manhattan above Houston Street and below 155th Street, which put in place the rectangular grid plan of streets

Franklin D. Roosevelt Four Freedoms Park is located at the southernmost point of Roosevelt Island, in the East River between Manhattan Island and Queens

Brooklyn is the most populous borough of New York

Dumbo (Down Under the Manhattan Bridge Overpass) is a neighbourhood in Brooklyn

Coney Island is in Brooklyn

Sea Lion Park on Coney Island was the first amusement park in North America. Opened in 1895. Replaced by Luna Park in 1903

Queens is the largest borough of New York

Hunts Point Cooperative Market, a 24/7 wholesale food market located in the Bronx, is the largest food distribution centre of its kind in the world

Rikers Island is New York City's main jail complex, as well as the name of the island on which it sits, on the East River

Holland Tunnel is under the Hudson River. It connects Lower Manhattan with Jersey City

Levittown on Long Island was founded by William Levitt, who built the district as a planned community between 1947 and 1951.

Queens was named after Catherine of Braganza, the Queen consort of King Charles II of England

Staten Island was named in honor of the Dutch parliament known as the Staten-Generaal

Long Island is the most populated island in any U.S. state or territory, and the 18th-most populous island in the world. Both the longest and the largest island in the contiguous United States, Long Island extends 190 km eastward from New York Harbor to Montauk Point

Brooklyn and Queens are on Long Island

The Hamptons, also called the ‘East End’ (of Long Island), are a group of villages and hamlets in the towns of Southampton and East Hampton, which form the South Fork of Long Island

The name of Yonkers is derived from Adriaen van der Donck

Broadway runs for 33 miles from Manhattan and the Bronx through Westchester County

Bear Mountain State Park is in upstate New York

Lake Placid is in the Adirondack Mountains in upstate New York

Erie Canal is a man-made waterway in New York that runs 363 miles from Albany on the Hudson River to Buffalo at Lake Erie, completing a navigable water route from the Atlantic Ocean to the Great Lakes

'''North Carolina''' (NC)
[[File:North Carolina.png|none|thumb]]
The flag of North Carolina bears the dates of the Mecklenburg Declaration of Independence (May 20, 1775) and of the Halifax Resolves (April 12, 1776)

Capital – Raleigh

Largest city – Charlotte

Nickname – Tar Heel State, Old North State

Roanoke Island is best known for its historical significance as the site of Sir Walter Raleigh's attempt to establish a permanent English settlement with his Roanoke Colony in 1585 and 1587. The fate of the final group of colonists has never been determined, yielding persistent myths about the “Lost Colony”

Charlotte is named in honour of the German Princess Charlotte of Mecklenburg, who had become queen consort of King George III

Mount Mitchell State Park includes the peak of Mount Mitchell, the highest peak east of the Mississippi River

Fort Bragg is a large United States Army installation

Biltmore Estate is a historic house museum and tourist attraction. Built for George Washington Vanderbilt II, it is the largest privately owned house in the United States

Spruce Pine Mining District in the Blue Ridge Mountains is one of the largest suppliers of high-purity quartz, which is used in the manufacture of silicon chips

Cape Hatteras is a cape located at a pronounced bend in Hatteras Island, one of the barrier islands. The treacherous waters off the coast of the Outer Banks are known as the Graveyard of the Atlantic

Great Smoky Mountains National Park, located on the border of Tennessee and North Carolina, is the most visited US national park

'''North Dakota''' (ND)
[[File:North Dakota.png|none|thumb]]
Capital – Bismarck

Largest city – Fargo

Nickname – Peace Garden State, Sioux State

The KVLY-TV mast remained the tallest structure in the Western Hemisphere, and the tallest broadcasting mast in the world until the antenna removal in 2019

Theodore Roosevelt National Park is in North Dakota

One third of population of North Dakota are descendants of immigrants from Norway

'''Ohio''' (OH)
[[File:Ohio.png|none|thumb]]
Capital and largest city – Columbus

Nickname – Buckeye State

Cleveland is the second largest city in Ohio

Cleveland is on the shore of Lake Erie

Cuyahoga River flows through Cleveland

Cleveland is served by Hopkins International Airport

Cincinnati is the third largest city in Ohio

Cincinnati was named after the Roman general Cincinnatus, and is on the River Ohio

'''Oklahoma''' (OK)
[[File:Oklahoma.png|none|thumb]]
Capital and largest city – Oklahoma City

Nickname – Sooner State

Will Rogers World Airport serves Oklahoma City

Tallgrass Prairie Preserve is protected as the largest tract of remaining tallgrass prairie in the world

WinStar World Casino and Resort is an American tribal casino and hotel located in Thackerville. It is owned and operated by the Chickasaw Nation and is one of the largest casinos in the world

'''Oregon''' (OR)
[[File:Oregon.png|none|thumb]]
Flag of Oregon is a two-sided flag. On the front is the escutcheon from the state seal and on the reverse is a gold figure of a beaver, the state animal. Oregon is the only state to feature different designs on either side of its flag

Capital – Salem

Largest city – Portland

Nickname – Beaver State

Fort Astoria (also named Fort George) was the primary fur trading post of John Jacob Astor's Pacific Fur Company. Built at the entrance of the Columbia River in 1811, it was the first American-owned settlement on the Pacific coast

Crater Lake is a caldera lake in Oregon. It is the main feature of Crater Lake National Park. The lake was formed around 7,700 years ago by the collapse of the volcano Mount Mazama. Crater Lake is the deepest lake in the United States, and the second deepest lake in North America, behind Great Slave Lake

Mount Hood is the highest point in Oregon

Oregon is slightly larger than the United Kingdom

'''Pennsylvania''' (PA)
[[File:Pennsylvania.png|none|thumb]]
Capital – Harrisburg

Largest city – Philadelphia

Nickname – Keystone State

Philadelphia Zoo is the oldest in the United States

Pennsylvania has the second-highest gambling revenue after Nevada

Dating back to 1829, the Eastern State Penitentiary in Philadelphia has housed some of America's most dangerous criminals, including Al Capone

Pittsburgh was named after William Pitt the Elder

The characteristic shape of Pittsburgh's central business district is a triangular tract carved by the confluence of the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers, which form the Ohio River

Edwin Drake was the first person to successfully drill for oil, in Titusville, Pennsylvania, in 1859

Centralia is a ghost town due to a coal mine fire in 1962

'''Rhode Island''' (RI)
[[File:Rhode Island.png|none|thumb]]
Capital and largest city – Providence

Nickname – Ocean State, Little Rhody

Rhode Island is the smallest in area, the eighth least populous, but the second most densely populated of the 50 US states

In January 2021, the State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations dropped "and Providence Plantations" from its full name

Aquidneck Island, officially known as Rhode Island, is an island in Narragansett Bay in the state of Rhode Island

'''South Carolina''' (SC)
[[File:South Carolina.png|none|thumb]]
Capital and largest city – Colombia

Nickname – Palmetto State

Charleston is the oldest and second largest city in South Carolina

North and South Carolina were named in honour of King Charles I of England

Myrtle Beach is one of the major centres of tourism

'''South Dakota''' (SD)
[[File:South Dakota.png|none|thumb]]
Capital – Pierre

Largest city – Sioux Falls

Nickname – The Mount Rushmore State, Coyote State

The Crazy Horse Memorial is a mountain monument in progress in the Black Hills of South Dakota that when complete will be the world's largest sculpture. It is named after the Lakota warrior Crazy Horse. The monument is being carved out of Thunderhead Mountain on land considered sacred by some Native Americans, between Custer and Hill City, roughly 8 miles away from Mount Rushmore. Crazy Horse Memorial was begun in 1948 by sculptor Korczak Ziolkowski

Mount Rushmore features 60’ sculptures of the heads of former United States presidents (in order from left to right) George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Theodore Roosevelt and Abraham Lincoln

Mount Rushmore is in the Black Hills in Keystone

Badlands National Park is in South Dakota

Mammoth Site is a museum and paleontological site near Hot Springs, South Dakota. It contains the remains of fauna and flora preserved by entrapment in a karst sinkhole during the Pleistocene era

'''Tennessee''' (TN)
[[File:Tennessee.png|none|thumb]]
Capital – Nashville

Largest city – Memphis

Nickname – Volunteer State

Graceland is a mansion on an estate in Memphis that was home to Elvis Presley

National Civil Rights Museum in Memphis is built around the former Lorraine Motel, which was the site of the assassination of Martin Luther King in 1968

In 1942, the United States Federal Government chose Oak Ridge, Tennessee as a site for developing materials for the Manhattan Project

Nashville is the second largest city in Tennessee, and is known as “Music City” and “Athens of the South”

Parthenon in Centennial Park, in Nashville, Tennessee, is a full-scale replica of the original Parthenon in Athens

Opryland was a theme park in Nashville known as the “Home of American Music” that closed in 1997

Dollywood is a theme park in Pigeon Forge owned by Dolly Parton

'''Texas''' (TX)
[[File:Texas.png|none|thumb]]
Capital – Austin

Largest city – Houston

Nickname – Lone Star State

Texas is the second most populous (after California) and the second largest state (after Alaska)

Texas has 254 counties, the most nationwide

Houston was named after former General Sam Houston, who was president of the Republic of Texas

Austin is named after Stephen F. Austin, known as the father of Texas

Austin's official slogan is ‘The Live Music Capital of the World’. The city has more music venues per capita than any other U.S. city. Austin's music revolves around the many nightclubs on 6th Street and an annual film / music / multimedia festival known as South by Southwest

Silicon Hills is a nickname for the cluster of high-tech companies in Austin

San Antonio is named after a friar and was founded as a Spanish mission and colonial outpost in 1718

The Alamo is in San Antonio, the second largest city in Texas

Bracken Cave, San Antonio is home to 40 million bats

Dallas is the third largest city in Texas

The Dallas–Fort Worth–Arlington metropolitan area is known as The Metroplex

Amarillo was once the self-proclaimed ‘Helium Capital of the World’

Padre Island (the world's longest barrier island) is located on Texas's southern coast of the Gulf of Mexico and is famous for its white sandy beaches at the south end

Barnett shale a geological formation located in the Bend Arch-Fort Worth Basin. It consists of sedimentary rocks

Hurricane Ike hit Galveston in 2008

Brownsville lies at the eastern end of USA-Mexico border, adjacent to the border with Matamoros, Mexico

Big Bend National Park is located in West Texas, bordering Mexico

'''Utah''' (UT)

In March 2024 Utah adopted a new flag. The previous flag, adopted in 1913, was re-designated as the "Historic State Flag"

New Flag
[[File:Utah flag cmyk 1.png|none|thumb|240x240px]]
Historic State Flag
[[File:Utah.png|none|thumb]]
Capital and largest city – Salt Lake City

Nickname – Beehive State

Salt Lake City was founded in 1847 by the Mormon pioneers, led by Brigham Young

Bryce Canyon National Park is a national park located in southwestern Utah. Despite its name, this is not actually a canyon, but rather a giant natural amphitheatre created by erosion along the eastern side of the Paunsaugunt Plateau. Bryce is distinctive due to its geological structures, called hoodoos

Moab desert is in Utah

A prominent feature of the Zion National Park is Zion Canyon, which is 15 miles long and up to half a mile deep, cut through the reddish and tan-coloured Navajo Sandstone by the North Fork of the Virgin River

Great White Throne is a sandstone mountain in Zion National Park

Arches National Park is located on the Colorado River. It is known for containing over 2,000 natural sandstone arches, including the world-famous Delicate Arch

Monument Valley is a region of the Colorado Plateau characterized by sandstone buttes, the largest reaching 300 m above the valley floor. It is located on the Utah-Arizona state line, near the Four Corners area. The valley is a sacred area that lies within the territory of the Navajo Nation Reservation. John Ford used the location for a number of his best-known films

Rainbow Bridge National Monument is the world’s highest natural bridge

Mesa Arch is a natural arch in Utah

Great Salt Lake is the largest salt water lake in the Western Hemisphere, and the fourth-largest terminal lake in the world

Bingham Canyon Mine an open-pit mining operation extracting a large porphyry copper deposit southwest of Salt Lake City. The mine is owned by Rio Tinto Group. It is the largest man-made excavation in the world

Pando is a colony of trembling aspen in Fishlake National Forest, Utah. World’s largest organism by mass

'''Vermont''' (VT)
[[File:Vermont.png|none|thumb]]
Capital – Montpelier

Largest city – Burlington

Nickname – Green Mountain State

Vermont is the second least populous state. Montpelier has a population of under 8,000 making it the least populous state capital in the country

Vermont is the only state in New England not bordered by the Atlantic Ocean

'''Virginia''' (VA)
[[File:Virginia.png|none|thumb]]
Capital – Richmond

Largest city- Virginia Beach

Nickname – The Old Dominion

Rappahannock River in Virginia was considered to have been the boundary between the North and the South in the Civil War

Hampton Roads is the name of both a body of water and the region of land areas which surround it in southeastern Virginia. Hampton Roads is notable for its year-round ice-free harbour, for U.S. Navy, Air Force, NASA, Marine, and Army facilities, shipyards, coal piers, and hundreds of miles of waterfront property and beaches

Mount Vernon, located near Alexandria, Virginia, was the plantation home of George Washington. The key to the Bastille hangs in the hall – it was sent to Washington by Lafayette in 1790. The remains of George and Martha Washington, as well as other family members, are entombed on the grounds

Monticello, located near Charlottesville, was the estate of Thomas Jefferson. Means “the little mountain”

Colonial Williamsburg is the historic district of the city of Williamsburg, Virginia. It consists of buildings that from 1699 to 1780 formed colonial Virginia's capital

The Native Americans called the James River the Powhatan River. The English colonists named it ‘James’ after King James I of England, as they also constructed their first permanent English settlement in the Americas in 1607 at Jamestown, Virginia, along the banks of the James River

Designed by the American architect George Bergstrom, and built by contractor John McShain, the Pentagon was dedicated on 15 January1943, after ground was broken for construction in1941. Located in Arlington County, Virginia, the Pentagon is the world's largest office building by floor area

Arlington National Cemetery in Virginia is a military cemetery, established during the American Civil War on the grounds of Arlington House, formerly the estate of the family of Confederate general Robert E. Lee's wife Mary Anna (Custis) Lee, a great grand-daughter of Martha Washington. The cemetery is situated directly across the Potomac River from the Lincoln Memorial in Washington

Quantico, Virginia is the site of one of the largest U.S. Marine Corps bases in the world

Virginia is the most populous state without a major sports team

Loudoun County houses over 60 massive data centres, that are estimated to carry 70 percent of global web traffic

Shenandoah National Park encompasses part of the Blue Ridge Mountains in Virginia

'''Washington''' (WA)
[[File:Washington.png|none|thumb]]
Capital – Olympia

Largest city – Seattle

Nickname – Evergreen State

Washington is the only US state named after a former president

Space Needle was built for 1962 World Fair in Seattle. Designed by John Graham

Seattle is known as the “Emerald City”

Pike Place Market in Seattle is one of the oldest continuously operated public farmers' markets in the United States

Fremont, Seattle was at one time a centre of the counterculture. The neighbourhood remains home to a controversial statue of Lenin salvaged from Slovakia by a local art lover

Mount Rainier is a massive stratovolcano located 54 miles southeast of Seattle. It is the most prominent mountain in the contiguous United States and the Cascade Volcanic Arc

Mount Baker is an active glaciated stratovolcano in the Cascade Volcanic Arc and the North Cascades of Washington State

Grand Coulee Dam is a hydroelectric gravity dam on the Columbia River in Washington. It is the largest electric power producing facility and the largest concrete structure in the United States. The reservoir is called Franklin Delano Roosevelt Lake

Channeled Scablands are an erosion feature in Washington

The Hanford Site is a facility of the government of the United States established to provide plutonium necessary for the development of nuclear weapons. It was established as part of the Manhattan Project, and codenamed ‘Site W.’ No longer used to produce plutonium, it is currently the United States' most contaminated nuclear site

Olympic National Park is located on the Olympia Peninsula

'''West Virginia''' (WV)
[[File:West Virginia.png|none|thumb]]
Capital and largest city – Charleston

Nickname – Mountain State, Panhandle State

West Virginia is located entirely within the Appalachian Region, and the state is almost entirely mountainous

Harpers Ferry National Historical Park is located at the confluence of the Potomac and Shenandoah rivers

'''Wisconsin''' (WI)
[[File:Wisconsin.png|none|thumb]]
Capital – Madison

Largest city – Milwaukee

Nickname – America’s Dairyland, Badger State

Wisconsin is second to Michigan in the length of its Great Lakes coastline.

Wisconsin is known as “America's Dairyland” because it is one of the nation's leading dairy producers, particularly famous for cheese

'''Wyoming''' (WY)
[[File:Wyoming.png|none|thumb]]
Capital and largest city – Cheyenne

Nickname – Equality State

Wyoming is the least populous and the second least densely populated state

Teton Range is a mountain range of the Rocky Mountains. A north-south range, it is on the Wyoming side of the state's border with Idaho, just south of Yellowstone National Park. The principal summit of the central massif is Grand Teton

President Ulysses S. Grant established Yellowstone as the first National Park in 1872

Two Ocean Pass is a mountain pass on the Continental Divide, notable for Parting of the Waters, where one stream splits into two distributaries, Pacific Creek and Atlantic Creek. These two creeks ultimately flow into their respective oceans

Devil’s Tower in the Black Hills was the first United States national monument, established in 1906 by President Theodore Roosevelt

'''Washington, D.C.''', formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, is the capital of the United States. The signing of the Residence Act in 1790, approved the creation of a capital district located along the Potomac River on the country's East Coast. The states of Maryland and Virginia each donated land to form the federal district, which included the pre-existing settlements of Georgetown and Alexandria. Named in honor of George Washington, the City of Washington was founded in 1791 to serve as the new national capital

Pierre L’Enfant was a French-American military engineer who designed the basic plan for Washington, D.C

The White House address is 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue

Lafayette Park is overlooked by the White House

Dumbarton Oaks is a historic estate in the Georgetown neighbourhood

K Street is notorious for the density of its lobbying firms

Washington has no skyscrapers

Washington National Cathedral is closely modeled on the English Gothic style of the late fourteenth century

Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial is located in West Potomac Park and was carved by sculptor Lei Yixin

Miscellaneous

Mountains

Cascade Range is a major mountain range of western North America, extending from southern British Columbia through Washington and Oregon to Northern California. Includes Mount St Helens. Highest point is Mount Rainier. Formed by subduction of Juan de Fuca plate under the North American plate

Allegheny Mountain Range is part of the Appalachian Mountain Range of the eastern United States and Canada. It runs for over 500 miles from north-central Pennsylvania, through western Maryland and eastern West Virginia, to southwestern Virginia

Ozark Mountains are between Appalachians and Rockies

Cumberland Gap is a pass through the Cumberland Mountains region of the Appalachian Mountains. Famous in American history for its role as one key passageway through the lower central Appalachians, it was an important part of the Wilderness Road

Lookout Mountain is located at the northwest corner of Georgia, the northeast corner of Alabama, and along the southern border of Tennessee at Chattanooga

Blue Ridge Mountains are part of the Appalachian Mountains range. The bluish colour is caused by isoprene released from trees

Deserts

Mojave Desert is located primarily in southeastern California and southwestern Nevada

Great Basin Desert spans large portions of Nevada and Utah, and extends into eastern California

Rivers

Rising in the Rocky Mountains of western Montana, the Missouri flows east and south for 2,341 miles before entering the Mississippi River north of St. Louis. Flows through Bismarck and Pierre. Known as the ‘Big Muddy’. When combined with the lower Mississippi River, it forms the world's fourth longest river system

From its source of Lake Itasca in Minnesota, the Mississippi flows generally south for 2,340 miles to the Mississippi River Delta in the Gulf of Mexico

Ohio River is the largest tributary, by volume, of the Mississippi River

Arkansas River is the third longest river entirely in the United States

Susquehanna River is the longest river entirely within the United States that drains into the Atlantic Ocean

Shenandoah is a tributary of the Potomac, in Virginia and West Virginia

Green River is the chief tributary of the Colorado River

Gila River is a tributary of the Colorado River

Suwannee River runs through Georgia southward into Florida

Connecticut River is the longest river in New England. Forms the boundary between Vermont and New Hampshire

Snake River is the largest tributary of the Columbia River, and the largest North American river that empties into the Pacific Ocean

Lakes

Lake Powell is a man-made reservoir on the Colorado River, straddling the border between Utah and Arizona. It is the second largest man-made reservoir in the United States behind Lake Mead

Great Salt Lake is the largest US lake

Lake Champlain is a natural freshwater lake mainly within the borders of the United States (in Vermont and New York) but partially situated across the Canada–U.S. border, in Quebec

Lake Tahoe is a freshwater lake in the Sierra Nevada, straddling the border between California and Nevada. It is the second deepest in the United States after Crater Lake in Oregon. The Truckee River is the lake's only outlet

Lake of the Woods in Minnesota and bordering Canada is the sixth largest freshwater lake located (at least partially) in the United States, after the five Great Lakes

Roads

Pan-American Highway measures 29,800 miles in total length. Except for a 54 mile rainforest break, called the Darien Gap, the road links the mainland nations of the Americas in a connected highway system. The highway extends from Prudhoe Bay in Alaska to the lower reaches of South America

National Highway System (NHS) is a network of strategic highways within the United States, including the Interstate Highway System that was championed by President Eisenhower

I-90 is the longest interstate highway in the United States at nearly 3,100 miles, and runs from Boston to Seattle

Route 66, also known as the Will Rogers Highway, is colloquially known as the Main Street of America. One of the original U.S. Highways, Route 66 was established in 1926. The highway originally ran from Chicago, Illinois, through Missouri, Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, and California, before ending at Santa Monica, covering a total of 2,448 miles

Highway 101 runs through the states of California, Oregon, and Washington. It is also known as El Camino Real (The Royal Road) along the southern and central California coast

Missouri and Tennessee have borders with eight other states

Four of the constituent states of the United States officially designate themselves Commonwealths: Kentucky, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, and Virginia

Most populous counties – 1st Los Angeles County, 2nd Cook County, Illinois, 3rd Harris County, Texas

Four Corners is a region consisting of the southwestern corner of Colorado, northwestern corner of New Mexico, northeastern corner of Arizona, and southeastern corner of Utah. The Four Corners area is named after the quadripoint where the boundaries of the four states meet, where the Four Corners Monument is located Connecticut River is the longest river in New England. Forms the boundary between Vermont and New Hampshire

Great Basin is the largest area of contiguous endorheic watersheds in North America. It is noted for both its arid conditions and its Basin and range topography that varies from the North American low point at Badwater Basin to the highest point of the contiguous United States, less than 100 miles away at the summit of Mount Whitney

Chesapeake Bay is the largest inlet off the Atlantic coast and has coastlines on Virginia and Maryland. It is the largest estuary in the United States

Sea Islands are a chain of 100 tidal and barrier islands, located between the mouths of the Santee and St. Johns Rivers along the coast of South Carolina, Georgia and Florida

Intracoastal Waterway is a 4,800 km inland waterway along the Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico coasts, running from Point Pleasant Beach, New Jersey, southward along the Atlantic Seaboard and around the southern tip of Florida, then following the Gulf Coast to Brownsville, Texas. Some sections of the waterway consist of natural inlets, saltwater rivers, bays, and sounds, while others are artificial canals

United States Minor Outlying Islands consist of eight United States insular areas in the Pacific Ocean (Baker Island, Howland Island, Jarvis Island, Johnston Atoll, Kingman Reef, Midway Atoll, Palmyra Atoll, and Wake Island) and one in the Caribbean Sea (Navassa Island)

Midway Atoll is the only island in the Hawaiian archipelago that is not part of the state of Hawaii

Baker Island and Howland Island are UTC-12:00 which is only uninhabited timezone. They are the last pieces of land that experience the New Year

Great Lakes[[File:Great-Lakes.svg|center|thumb|500x500px]]

The Great Lakes are the largest group of freshwater lakes on Earth by total area and are second-largest by total volume, containing 21% of the world's surface fresh water by volume. The lakes began to form at the end of the Last Glacial Period around 14,000 years ago

'''Lake Superior''' is the largest of the Great Lakes, and among freshwater lakes, it is the world's largest by surface area. It has a surface area of 82,000 km2

The largest island in Lake Superior is Isle Royale in Michigan

Thunder Bay, Ontario is the most populous city on Lake Superior

'''Lake Huron''' comprises the easterly portion of Lake Michigan–Huron. By surface area, Lake Huron is the second-largest of the Great Lakes

Mackinac Island is an island and resort area located in Lake Huron

Manitoulin Island in Lake Huron is the largest island in a freshwater lake in the world

Lake Manitou is the largest lake on Manitoulin Island. It is the largest lake on a freshwater island in the world

'''Lake Michigan''' is the only Great Lake entirely in the United States and is the largest lake that is entirely within one country. It is the second-largest of the Great Lakes by volume and the third-largest by surface area, after Lake Superior and Lake Huron

Lake Michigan is shared by the states of Wisconsin, Illinois, Indiana, and Michigan. Ports along its shores include Milwaukee, Green Bay, Chicago, and Gary

'''Lake Erie''' is the fourth-largest of the Great Lakes by surface area, and is the shallowest of the lakes. The largest city on the lake is Cleveland. Other major cities along the lake shore are Buffalo and Toledo

'''Lake Ontario''' is the smallest and easternmost of the Great Lakes. The Canadian cities of Toronto and Kingston are located on the lake's northern and western shorelines, while the American city of Rochester in New York state is located on the south shore

Lake Ontario is the only Great Lake not to border the state of Michigan

The Chicago River and Calumet River systems connect the Great Lakes Basin to the Mississippi River System

The St. Marys River, including the Soo Locks, connects Lake Superior to Lake Huron, via the North Channel

The Straits of Mackinac connect Lake Michigan to Lake Huron

The St. Clair River connects Lake Huron to Lake St. Clair

The Detroit River connects Lake St. Clair to Lake Erie

The Niagara River, including Niagara Falls, connects Lake Erie to Lake Ontario

The Welland Canal connects Lake Erie to Lake Ontario. As a part of the St. Lawrence Seaway, this canal enables ships to ascend and descend the Niagara Escarpment and to bypass the Niagara Falls

The Saint Lawrence River and the Saint Lawrence Seaway connect Lake Ontario to the Gulf of Saint Lawrence, which connects to the Atlantic Ocean

'''Niagara Falls''' is a group of three waterfalls at the southern end of Niagara Gorge, spanning the border between Ontario in Canada and New York in the United States. The largest of the three is Horseshoe Falls, also known as the Canadian Falls, which straddles the international border of the two countries. The smaller American Falls and Bridal Veil Falls lie within the United States. Bridal Veil Falls is separated from Horseshoe Falls by Goat Island and from American Falls by Luna Island, with both islands situated in New York.

Formed by the Niagara River, which drains Lake Erie into Lake Ontario, the combined falls have the highest flow rate of any waterfall in North America that has a vertical drop of more than 50 m

The Rainbow Bridge is the first bridge downstream from the falls

== Canada ==
[[File:Flag-of-Canada.png|none|thumb]]

Flag of Canada features an 11-pointed maple leaf
{| class="wikitable"
|Capital
|Ottawa
|-
|Largest cities
|Toronto, Montreal, Calgary, Ottawa, Edmonton
|-
|Currency
|Dollar
|-
|Highest point
|Mount Logan
|}
Canada was known as La Nouvelle France

In 1867, three provinces of British North America – New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and the Province of Canada (which, on the formation of Canada, was divided into Ontario and Quebec) – were united to form the new nation

Canada consists of ten provinces and three territories

Canadian Prairies – the provinces of Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba

Maritime Provinces of Canada – New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island

Atlantic Provinces of Canada – New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, and Newfoundland and Labrador

Largest provinces by area – Quebec, British Colombia, Ontario

Largest provinces by population – Ontario, Quebec, British Colombia

Alberta and Saskatchewan are the only landlocked provinces

St. Lawrence Seaway permits ocean-going vessels to travel from the Atlantic Ocean to the North American Great Lakes, as far as Lake Superior. Opened in 1959

Canada has more lakes than any other country

Canada produces 35% of the world’s uranium

Canada is divided into six time zones – Pacific, Mountain, Central, Eastern, Atlantic (UTC-04:00, covers New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island), Newfoundland (UTC-03:30)

[[File:Political map of Canada.svg|none|thumb|614x614px|alt=]]

=== Provinces ===
'''Alberta'''

Capital – Edmonton

Largest city – Calgary

Alberta is named after Princess Louise Caroline Alberta, the fourth daughter of Victoria, the Queen of Canada and Albert, Prince Consort

Calgary was originally known as Fort Briseboas

West Edmonton Mall is the largest shopping mall in North America

Jasper national park is in Alberta

Banff National Park is Canada's oldest national park, established in 1885, in the Canadian Rockies. Lake Louise lies within the park

Banff is named by George Stephen, president of the Canadian Pacific Railway, recalling his birthplace in Banffshire, Scotland

Medicine Hat, known to locals as ‘The Hat’ or 'Gas City', is a city located in the province of Alberta. Its major claim to fame is Rudyard Kipling's famous line ‘all hell for a basement’ referring to the vast reserves of natural gas beneath it

Most of the oil sands (tar sands) of Canada are located in northern Alberta

'''British Columbia'''

Capital – Victoria

Largest city – Vancouver

Vancouver was originally known as Gastown, then Granville. The city is named after Royal Navy Captain George Vancouver

Vancouver is overlooked by Grouse Mountain

Whistler is a ski resort in the southern Pacific Ranges of the Coast Mountains

Burgess Shale Formation, located in the Canadian Rockies of British Columbia, is one of the world's most celebrated fossil fields. It is famous for the exceptional preservation of the soft parts of its fossils. It is 505 million years old

The Queen Charlotte Islands or Haida Gwaii (‘Islands of the People’) are an archipelago off the northwest coast of British Columbia consisting of two main islands, Graham Island in the North, and Moresby Island in the south

Glacier National Park contains the Rogers Pass National Historic Site

'''Manitoba'''

Capital and largest city – Winnipeg

Winnipeg lies at the bottom of the Red River Valley

Churchill is a town on the shore of Hudson Bay in Manitoba. It is known as the ‘Polar Bear Capital of the World’

Nelson River drains Lake Winnipeg and runs 644 km before it ends in Hudson Bay

'''New Brunswick'''

Capital – Fredericton

Largest city – Saint John

New Brunswick is named for the city of Braunschweig in Lower Saxony. Braunschweig is the ancestral home of George I

New Brunswick is the only bilingual province

'''Newfoundland and Labrador'''

Capital and largest city – St. John’s

Gander International Airport in Newfoundland opened in 1938 and within a few years was the largest in the world

Strait of Belle Isle separates the Labrador Peninsula from the island of Newfoundland

In 1583, Newfoundland became England's first possession in North America and one of the earliest permanent English colonies in the New World

In 2001 the name of Newfoundland was changed to Newfoundland and Labrador

'''Nova Scotia'''

Capital and largest city – Halifax

Sable Island, situated off the coast of Nova Scotia, is known as the “graveyard of the Atlantic”

Joggins Fossil Cliffs is famous for its record of fossils from a rainforest ecosystem approximately 310 million years ago

Cape Breton is an island off the north coast of the Nova Scotia peninsula

'''Ontario'''

Capital and largest city – Toronto

Toronto is on Lake Ontario, and is the most populous city in Canada

Toronto was known as York until 1834

Lester B. Pearson airport serves Toronto

CN Tower (Canadian National Tower) in Toronto was completed in 1976, becoming the world's tallest free-standing structure and world's tallest tower at the time. It is 1,815 feet tall and was designed by Neil Baldwin. The antenna was flown to the top of the tower in 36 sections by as Sikorsky helicopter named "Olga"

Scarborough is one of the most diverse and multicultural areas in the Greater Toronto Area

Ottawa was founded in 1826 as Bytown

Ottawa is situated on the traditional land of the Algonquins

London is in Southwestern Ontario. It lies at the confluence of the non-navigable Thames River

Rideau Canal connects the city of Ottawa, on the Ottawa River to the city of Kingston, Ontario, on Lake Ontario. Rideau Canal Skateway in Ottawa is the world's largest skating rink at 7.8 km long

Sudbury Basin on the Canadian Shield is the third-largest impact crater on Earth

'''Prince Edward Island'''

Capital and largest city – Charlottetown

Prince Edward Island is the smallest Canadian province in both area and population

Prince Edward Island is named after the fourth son of George III and the father of Queen Victoria

Charlottetown is named after Queen Charlotte, the wife of George III

'''Quebec'''

Capital – Quebec City

Largest city – Montreal

Mirabelle airport serves Montreal

Montreal covers most of the Island of Montreal at the confluence of the Saint Lawrence and Ottawa Rivers. Island of Montreal is the most populous island in Canada

Jacques Cartier Bridge is a steel truss cantilever bridge crossing the Saint Lawrence River from Montreal Island to the south shore at Longueuil

Opened in 1859, Victoria Bridge was the first to span the St. Lawrence River, linking Montreal to the south shore city of Saint-Lambert

Montreal is known as the ‘City of Saints’

Montreal Biosphere’s geodesic dome was designed by Buckminster Fuller

Montreal is named after Mount Royal, the triple-peaked hill in the heart of the city

Habitat 67 is a building in Montreal

Quebec City was founded in 1608 by Samuel de Champlain

La Citadelle of Quebec contains the oldest military building in Canada, and forms part of the fortifications of Quebec City. Official residence of the governor general of Canada

Plains of Abraham is a historic area in Quebec City

Fairmont Le Chateau Frontenac in Quebec City is generally recognized as the most photographed hotel in the world

Anticosti Island is at the outlet of the Saint Lawrence River into the Gulf of Saint Lawrence. Due to more than 400 shipwrecks off its coasts, Anticosti Island is sometimes called the "Cemetery of the Gulf". It has a number of lighthouses

Lake Manicouagan is an annular lake, caused by the impact of a meteorite

'''Saskatchewan'''

Capital – Regina

Largest city – Saskatoon

Saskatchewan is the only Canadian province with four straight boundaries

McArthur River Uranium Mine, in northern Saskatchewan, is the world's largest high-grade uranium deposit

=== Territories ===
'''Northwest Territories'''

Capital and largest city – Yellowknife

Yellowknife is named after the local Yellowknives Dene First Nation

Great Bear Lake is the largest lake in Canada, the fourth largest in North America, and the eighth largest in the world

Great Slave Lake is the deepest lake in North America

Mackenzie River originates in Great Slave Lake, in the Northwest Territories, and flows north into the Arctic Ocean. It is the longest river in Canada at 1,738 km. It was originally named Disappointment River

'''Nunavut'''

Capital and largest city – Iqaluit

Nunavut is the largest and newest territory of Canada; it was separated officially from the Northwest Territories in 1999. The creation of Nunavut resulted in the first major change to Canada's map since the incorporation of the new province of Newfoundland (including Labrador) in 1949. The capital Iqaluit (formerly Frobisher Bay) on Baffin Island, in the east, was chosen in 1995

A member of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, Bathurst Island is one of the Queen Elizabeth Islands in Nunavut Territory

Alert is the northernmost permanently inhabited place

Devon Island, claimed to be the largest uninhabited island on Earth, is located in Baffin Bay

Davis Strait separates Baffin Island from Greenland. The strait was named for the English explorer John Davis, who explored the area while seeking a Northwest Passage

Nettilling Lake on Baffin Island is the world’s largest lake on an island

'''Yukon'''

Capital and largest city – Whitehorse

Dawson served as the Yukon's capital from the territory's founding in 1898 until 1952, when the seat was moved to Whitehorse

Mount Logan is in Yukon. The mountain was named after Sir William Edmond Logan, a Canadian geologist and founder of the Geological Survey of Canada

Bay of Fundy is on the northeast end of the Gulf of Maine between the Canadian provinces of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia, with a small portion touching the state of Maine. Bay of Fundy has the highest tides in the world

Lake Athabasca is located in the northwest corner of Saskatchewan and the northeast corner of Alberta. Athabasca means ‘lake of the hills’

Lake Winnipeg and Lake Manitoba are remnants of prehistoric Glacial Lake Agassiz

Labrador Peninsula includes the region of Labrador, which is part of the province of Newfoundland and Labrador, and parts of Quebec

Victoria Island in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago straddles the boundary between Nunavut and the Northwest Territories. It is Canada's second largest island, after Baffin Island

Queen Elizabeth Islands are the northernmost cluster of islands in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, split between Nunavut and Northwest Territories. Ellesmere Island is the largest of the Queen Elizabeth Islands

Nares Strait separates Greenland from Ellesmere Island

Hudson Strait lies between Baffin Island and Nunavik (the northern third of Quebec)

The source of the Yukon River is located in British Columbia. The next portion lies in, and gives its name to, Yukon. The lower half of the river lies in Alaska. It is the second-longest river in Canada

Aspen parkland refers to a transitional biome between prairie and boreal forest stretching from northeastern British Columbia through central and northwestern Alberta, central Saskatchewan to central and southern Manitoba. Aspen parkland consists of groves of aspen poplars and spruce interspersed with areas of prairie grasslands

Trans-Canada Highway travels through all ten provinces of Canada, The main route spans 7,476 km across the country

=== Saint Pierre and Miquelon ===
Saint Pierre and Miquelon is a self-governing territorial overseas collectivity of France and is the remaining vestige of the territory of New France. Its residents are French citizens. The islands are in the Gulf of St. Lawrence near the entrance of Fortune Bay, which extends into the southwestern coast of Newfoundland

Saint-Pierre is the capital and largest city

== Mexico ==
[[File:Flag-of-Mexico.png|none|thumb]]

Coat of arms on the flag of Mexico depicts a golden eagle perched on a prickly pear cactus eating a rattlesnake
{| class="wikitable"
|Capital
|Mexico City
|-
|Largest cities
|Mexico City, Tijuana, Leon
|-
|Currency
|Peso
|-
|Highest point
|Pico de Orizaba
|}
With an estimated population of 128 million, Mexico is the tenth most populous and the most populous Spanish-speaking country in the world and the second most populous country in Latin America. It is the tenth largest oil producer in the world, and the largest silver producer in the world

The United Mexican States are a federation of 31 free and sovereign states

The Greater Mexico City population is 21 million people, making it the second-largest metropolitan area in the western hemisphere behind Sao Paulo

Paseo de la Reforma is a wide avenue that runs diagonally across the heart of Mexico City. It is now home to many of Mexico's tallest buildings

Soumaya Museum in Mexico City contains a large collection of casts of sculptures by Auguste Rodin. It is owned by the Carlos Slim Foundation

Frida Kahlo Museum, also known as the Blue House (''La Casa Azul'') for the structure's cobalt-blue walls, is in Mexico City

Palacio de Bellas Artes (Palace of Fine Arts) is one of the most prominent cultural centres in Mexico City

Angel of Independence was built in 1910 during the presidency of Porfirio Díaz by architect Antonio Rivas Mercado, to commemorate the centennial of the beginning of Mexico's War of Independence

Aztec sun stone is a Mexica sculpture housed in the National Anthropology Museum in Mexico City

Tenochtitlan was an Aztec altepetl (city-state) located on an island in Lake Texcoco, in the Valley of Mexico. Founded in 1325, it became the capital of the expanding Mexican Empire in the 15th century, until captured by the Spanish in 1521. At its peak it was the largest city in the Pre-Columbian Americas. Today the ruins of Tenochtitlan are located in Mexico City's downtown

Teotihuacan was an ancient Mesoamerican city located in a sub valley of the Valley of Mexico, 48 km northeast of modern-day Mexico City, known today as the site of many of the most architecturally significant Mesoamerican pyramids built in the pre-Columbian Americas. At its zenith, perhaps in the first half of the 1st millennium AD, Teotihuacan was the largest city in the pre-Columbian Americas, with a population estimated at 125,000. Teotihuacan has the Pyramid of the Moon, Pyramid of the Sun, and Avenue of the Dead. The name Teotihuacan was given by the Nahuatl-speaking Aztecs centuries after the fall of the city around 550. The term has been glossed as "birthplace of the gods"

Chicxulub Crater is an ancient impact crater buried underneath the Yucatán Peninsula, with its center located near the town of Chicxulub. The crater is over 180 kilometers in diameter, making the feature one of the largest confirmed impact structures in the world; the asteroid or comet whose impact formed the crater was at least 10 km in diameter. The impact associated with the crater is implicated in causing the extinction of the dinosaurs as suggested by the K–T boundary, 65 million years ago

Chichen Itza is a large pre-Columbian archaeological site built by the Maya civilization, located in the northern centre of the Yucatan Peninsula. Dominating the centre of Chichen is the Temple of Kukulcan (the Maya name for Quetzalcoatl), often referred to as “El Castillo” (the castle). This step pyramid with a ground plan of square terraces has stairways up each of the four sides to the temple on top

Monte Alban is a large pre-Columbian archaeological site in the southern Mexican state of Oaxaca. Monte Alban's importance stems also from its role as the pre-eminent Zapotec socio-political and economic centre for 1,000 years

The city of Veracruz is a major port city and municipality on the Gulf of Mexico in the Mexican state of Veracruz

Naica Mine of the Mexican state of Chihuahua is a working mine that is known for its extraordinary selenite (a variety of gypsum) crystals in the Cave of the Crystals

Guadalajara Metropolitan Area is the second largest in the country after Greater Mexico City. Guadalajara is the capital of the state of Jalisco

Torres Obispado is a skyscraper complex in Monterrey, Upon completion in 2020, T.Op Torre 1 became the tallest skyscraper in Latin America and the first to reach a height of 1,000 feet

Palanque is a Maya city state in Southern Mexico that flourished in the 7th century

Tula, in the state of Hidalgo, was the ancient capital of the Toltecs. The city was destroyed in the 12th century

Great Pyramid of Cholula is an adobe brick pyramid in the state of Puebla. It is the largest pyramid in the world, with a base four times larger than the Great Pyramid at Giza and nearly twice the volume. The pyramid is a temple that traditionally has been viewed as having been dedicated to the god Quetzalcoatl

El Tajin is a pre-Columbian archeological site in southern Mexico and is one of the largest and most important cities of the Classic era of Mesoamerica. A part of the Classic Veracruz culture, El Tajin flourished from 600 to 1200 AD

Chihuahua is the largest state of Mexico

Ciudad Juarez is the largest city in Chihuahua. It lies on the Rio Grande south of El Paso, Texas

Cancun is located on the northeast coast of the Yucatan Peninsula in the state of Quintana Roo. It is an important tourist destination

Acapulco is a major seaport in the state of Guerrero on the Pacific coast. Due to a massive upsurge in gang violence and homicide numbers since 2014, Acapulco no longer attracts many foreign tourists

Tijuana is the largest city in Baja California, and is part of the international San Diego–Tijuana metropolitan area

Villahermosa is the capital and largest city of the state of Tabasco

Manzanillo is the largest port in Mexico

Cozumel is an island in the Caribbean Sea off the eastern coast of the Yucatan Peninsula, opposite Playa del Carmen. The economy of Cozumel is based on tourism

Gulf of California (also known as the Sea of Cortez) is a body of water that separates the Baja California Peninsula from the Mexican mainland

Popocatepetl is the second highest peak in Mexico, after the Pico de Orizaba. The name Popocatepetl comes from the Nahuatl words for ‘Smoking Mountain’

Paricutin is a dormant volcano in Mexico. It is thought to be the youngest volcano in the world

Lake Chapala is the largest freshwater lake in Mexico

== Central America ==
[[File:Map of Central America.png|none|thumb|450x450px|link=Special:FilePath/Map_of_Central_America.png]]

=== Belize ===
[[File:Flag-of-Belize.png|none|thumb]]
The coat of arms on the flag of Belize features woodcutters and a mahogany tree. The flag of Belize is the only country to have humans depicted as a major design element on its national flag, although the flag of Malta contains an image of Saint George on the badge of the George Cross
{| class="wikitable"
|Capital
|Belmopan
|-
|Largest cities
|Belize City, San Ignacio, Belmopan
|-
|Currency
|Dollar
|-
|Highest point
|Doyle’s Delight
|}
Belize is is the only commonwealth country in Central America and the only country in Central America whose official language is English

Belize is the only Central American country connected only to the Atlantic

Belize City is the largest city in Belize. It was the capital of British Honduras (as Belize was then named) until it was devastated by Hurricane Hattie and the government was moved to the new capital of Belmopan in 1970

Chalillo Dam is a gravity dam in Belize

Lamanai and Caracol are Mayan ruins in Belize

Great Blue Hole is a large submarine sinkhole off the coast of Belize

Belize Barrier Reef is Belize's top tourist destination

Rio Hondo forms most of the border between Belize and Mexico

=== Costa Rica ===
[[File:Flag-of-Costa-Rica.png|none|thumb]]
{| class="wikitable"
|Capital
|San Jose
|-
|Largest cities
|San Jose
|-
|Currency
|Colon
|-
|Highest point
|Mount Chirripo
|}
Costa Rica permanently abolished its army in 1949

San Jose means ‘Saint Joseph’

Cocos Island is an island located off the shore of Costa Rica and is known as ‘Shark Island’

Stone spheres of Costa Rica are commonly attributed to the extinct Diquis culture

=== El Salvador ===
[[File:Flag-of-El-Salvador.png|none|thumb]]
{| class="wikitable"
|Capital
|San Salvador
|-
|Largest cities
|San Salvador
|-
|Currency
|US dollar
|-
|Highest point
|Cerro El Pital
|}
El Salvador is the only Central American country that does not have a Caribbean coastline

El Salvador is the smallest country in Central America and the most densely populated country in the Americas

Izalco is a stratovolcano on the side of the Santa Ana Volcano

Bitcoin is legal tender in El Salvador

=== Guatemala ===
[[File:Flag-of-Guatemala.png|none|thumb]]
The coat of arms of the flag of Guatemala includes the resplendent quetzal
{| class="wikitable"
|Capital
|Guatemala City
|-
|Largest cities
|Guatemala City
|-
|Currency
|Quetzal
|-
|Highest point
|Volcan Tajumulco
|}
Guatemala is the most populous state in Central America

Guatemala City is the most populous in Central America

El Mirador is a large pre-Columbian Mayan settlement, located in the north of the modern department of El Peten, Guatemala. Discovered in 1926

Tikal is one of the largest archaeological sites and urban centres of the pre-Columbian Maya civilization. It is located in the archaeological region of the Peten Basin in northern Guatemala. Situated in the department of El Petén, the site is part of Guatemala's Tikal National Park and in 1979 it was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Tikal reached its apogee during the Classic Period, c. 200 to 850. Discovered by Alfred Maudslay

Antigua is a World Heritage site that served as the capital of the Kingdom of Guatemala

Volcan Tajumulco is a large stratovolcano in Guatemala. It is the highest mountain in Central America

=== Honduras ===
[[File:Flag-of-Honduras.png|none|thumb]]
{| class="wikitable"
|Capital
|Tegucigalpa
|-
|Largest cities
|Tegucigalpa, San Pedro Sula
|-
|Currency
|Lempira
|-
|Highest point
|Cerro Las Minas
|}
Honduras was at times referred to as Spanish Honduras to differentiate it from British Honduras, which became Belize. Honduras was home to several important Mesoamerican cultures, most notably the Maya, prior to being conquered by Spain in the 16th century

La Ciudad Blanca (Spanish for "The White City") is a legendary settlement said to be located in the Mosquitia region of Honduras

Copan was a Mayan city in Honduras

=== Nicaragua ===
[[File:Flag-of-Nicaragua.png|none|thumb]]
{| class="wikitable"
|Capital
|Managua
|-
|Largest cities
|Managua
|-
|Currency
|Cordoba
|-
|Highest point
|Mogoton
|}
Nicaragua is the largest country in the Central American isthmus. The Spanish Empire conquered the region in the 16th century. Nicaragua achieved its independence from Spain in 1821

Nicaragua is the most triangular-shaped country

On the Pacific side of the country are the two largest freshwater lakes in Central America – Lake Nicaragua and Lake Managua

Ometepe is the largest island in Lake Nicaragua

Bosawas Biosphere Reserve is the second largest rainforest in the Western Hemisphere, after the Amazon Rainforest

=== Panama ===
[[File:Flag-of-Panama.png|none|thumb]]
{| class="wikitable"
|Capital
|Panama City
|-
|Largest cities
|Panama City
|-
|Currency
|Balboa and US dollar
|-
|Highest point
|Volcan Baru
|}
Panama seceded from Colombia in 1903, allowing the Panama Canal to be built by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers

Panama Canal was designed by Ferdinand de Lesseps in 1880, but the project failed. Work began again in 1904, and the canal was completed in 1914

There are three sets of locks in the Panama Canal. A two-step flight at Miraflores, and a single flight at Pedro Miguel, lift ships from the Pacific up to Lake Gatun; then a triple flight at Gatun lowers them to the Atlantic side

Gatun Lake was created between 1907 and 1913 by the building of the Gatun Dam across the Chagres River. At the time it was created, Gatun Lake was the largest man-made lake in the world

Bridge of the Americas spans the Pacific entrance to the Panama Canal. Built in 1962

Chagres River is a major source of water for Panama Canal

Coiba is the largest island in Central America, off the Pacific coast of Panama

JW Marriott Panama is the tallest building in Central America

== Caribbean ==
[[File:Map of the Caribbean.png|none|thumb|alt=|500x500px]]
The West Indies consist of the Antilles, divided into the larger Greater Antilles which bound the Caribbean Sea on the north and the Lesser Antilles on the south and east (including the Leeward Antilles), and the Bahamas. Bermuda lies much further to the north in the Atlantic Ocean (570 miles east of North Carolina) and is in the West Indies

Lucayan Archipelago, also known as the Bahama Archipelago, is an island group comprising the Commonwealth of the Bahamas and the British Overseas Territory of the Turks and Caicos Islands

Greater Antilles – Cuba, Jamaica, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, and Cayman Islands

Lesser Antilles – Leeward Islands and Windward Islands

Leeward Islands – Northern group of the Lesser Antilles. Virgin Islands, Guadeloupe, St Kitts and Nevis, Antigua and Barbuda, Anguilla and Montserrat

Windward Islands – Southern group of the Lesser Antilles. Martinique, Dominica, Grenada, St Lucia, St Vincent and Grenadines

Caribbean Sea is known as “Sea of the Antilles”

Windward Passage is a strait in the Caribbean Sea, between the islands of Cuba and Hispaniola

Caribbean is the deepest sea. Deepest point is the Cayman Trough

ABC islands are the three western-most islands of the Leeward Antilles in the Caribbean Sea. From west to east they are, in order Aruba, Curacao, and Bonaire. All three islands are part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands

Netherlands Antilles was an autonomous country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands located in the Caribbean. It was also informally known as the Dutch Antilles. The country was dissolved in 2010. Historically the Netherlands Antilles included the colony of Curacao and its dependencies

=== Antigua and Barbuda ===
[[File:Flag-of-Antigua.png|none|thumb]]
{| class="wikitable"
|Capital
|Saint John’s
|-
|Largest cities
|Saint John’s
|-
|Currency
|East Caribbean dollar
|-
|Highest point
|Boggy Peak
|}
Antigua and Barbuda became an independent state within the Commonwealth of Nations in 1981

Most of the population of Barbuda lives in the town of Codrington

Redonda is an uninhabited island that is part of Antigua and Barbuda

In 2009, Boggy peak was renamed Mount Obama after United States president Barack Obama. The original name was restored in 2016

=== Bahamas ===
[[File:Flag-of-Bahamas.png|none|thumb]]
{| class="wikitable"
|Capital
|Nassau
|-
|Largest cities
|Nassau
|-
|Currency
|Dollar
|-
|Highest point
|Mount Alvernia
|}
Bahamas consists of 29 islands, 661 cays, and 2387 islets

Nassau was formerly known as Charles Town; it was burned to the ground by the Spanish in 1684. Rebuilt, it was renamed Nassau in 1695 in honour of William III from the Dutch House of Orange-Nassau. Nassau is on the island of New Providence

Nassau is served by Lyndon Pindling International Airport

New Providence is the most populous island in the Bahamas, containing more than 70% of the total population

Andros Island is an archipelago within the archipelago-nation of the Bahamas. It is the largest of the 26 inhabited Bahamian Islands

Bimini comprises a chain of islands known for sport fishing

=== Barbados ===
[[File:Flag-of-Barbados.png|none|thumb]]

Flag of Barbados is known as The Broken Trident
{| class="wikitable"
|Capital
|Bridgetown
|-
|Largest cities
|Bridgetown
|-
|Currency
|Dollar
|-
|Highest point
|Mount Hillaby
|}
Barbados is the most easterly of the Caribbean Islands

Barbados is served by Grantley Adams airport

Bridgetown was formerly ‘The Town of Saint Michael’

In 1813, a statue was erected in Bridgetown, in what was known as Trafalgar Square, (now renamed National Heroes’ Square) in recognition of Nelson's bravery and as a tribute to his honour within the British Empire. This statue was sculpted from bronze by Richard Westmacott

=== Cuba ===
[[File:Flag-of-Cuba.png|none|thumb]]
{| class="wikitable"
|Capital
|Havana
|-
|Largest cities
|Havana, Santiago de Cuba
|-
|Currency
|Peso
|-
|Highest point
|Pico Turquino
|}
Cuba comprises the main island of Cuba, the Isla de la Juventud and several archipelagos

Cuba is the largest island in the Caribbean

Isla de la Juventud is the second largest Cuban island

Havana is the country's main port and leading commercial centre and has a population of 2.1 million. Havana was founded by the Spanish in the 16th century

In 1982, Old Havana was made a World Heritage Site, because of its unique Baroque and neoclassical architecture, and its fortifications

The Malecon is a promenade that stretches for 8 km along the coast in Havana

Necropolis Cristobal Colon is a cemetery and open-air museum in Havana named for Christopher Columbus

The United States assumed territorial control over the southern portion of Guantanamo Bay under the 1903 Lease. The United States exercises jurisdiction and control over this territory, while recognizing that Cuba retains ultimate sovereignty

Alejandro de Humboldt National Park is a World Heritage site

Pico Turquino is located in the Sierra Maestra mountain range

=== Dominica ===
[[File:Flag-of-Dominica.png|none|thumb]]

Flag of Dominica features the sisserou parrot
{| class="wikitable"
|Capital
|Roseau
|-
|Largest cities
|Roseau
|-
|Currency
|East Caribbean dollar
|-
|Highest point
|Mount Diablotins
|}
Dominica has been nicknamed the "Nature Isle of the Caribbean" for its unspoiled natural beauty. Christopher Columbus named the island after the day of the week on which he spotted it, a Sunday, 3 November 1493

Dominica was the last Caribbean island to be colonized

Boiling Lake is a flooded fumarole located in Morne Trois Pitons National Park. The lake is filled with bubbling water that is usually enveloped in a cloud of vapour

=== Dominican Republic ===
[[File:Flag-of-Dominican-Republic.png|none|thumb]]

Coat of arms on the Dominican Republic flag features a bible
{| class="wikitable"
|Capital
|Santo Domingo
|-
|Largest cities
|Santo Domingo, Santiago de los Caballeros
|-
|Currency
|Peso
|-
|Highest point
|Pico Duarte
|}
Dominican Republic occupies the eastern half of the island of Hispaniola

Santo Domingo, known officially as Santo Domingo de Guzman, is the largest city in the Caribbean by population. Santo Domingo de Guzman was founded in 1501. Oldest continuously inhabited European settlement in the Americas, and was the first seat of Spanish colonial rule in the New World

Santo Domingo was called Ciudad Trujillo from 1936 to 1961, after the Dominican Republic's dictator, Rafael Trujillo, named the capital after himself

The first cathedral in the Americas was in Santo Domingo

Pico Duarte is the highest peak in all the Caribbean islands. It lies in the Cordillera Central range, the greatest of the Dominican Republic's mountain chains

Saona Island lies off the coast of the Dominican Republic

=== Grenada ===
[[File:Flag-of-Grenada.png|none|thumb]]

Flag of Grenada is charged with a nutmeg at the hoist triangle
{| class="wikitable"
|Capital
|St. George’s
|-
|Largest cities
|St. George’s
|-
|Currency
|East Caribbean dollar
|-
|Highest point
|Mount Saint Catherine
|}
Grenada consists of the island of Grenada itself, two smaller islands, Carriacou and Petite Martinique, and several small islands which lie to the north of the main island and are a part of the Grenadines

Grenada is known as the ‘Island of Spice’ due to its production of nutmeg and mace crops

St. George’s was named after the patron saint of England when the island was ceded to Great Britain by the Treaty of Paris in 1763

=== Haiti ===
[[File:Flag-of-Haiti.png|none|thumb]]
{| class="wikitable"
|Capital
|Port-au-Prince
|-
|Largest cities
|Port-au-Prince, Cap-Haitien
|-
|Currency
|Gourde
|-
|Highest point
|Pic la Selle
|}
Haiti occupies the western half of the island of Hispaniola

Haiti was known as Saint-Domingue before independence in 1804

Haiti is the only French speaking independent republic in the Americas

Sans-Souci Palace was the royal residence of King Henri I (better known as Henri Christophe) of Haiti, Queen Marie-Louise and their twin daughters. Construction of the palace started in 1810 and was completed in 1813. It is located in the town of Milot, Nord Department. Its name translated from French means “without worry”. Close to the Palace is the renowned mountaintop fortress; the Citadelle Laferriere, built under decree by Henri Christophe to repel a feared French invasion

Navassa Island is a small uninhabited island in the Caribbean Sea. It is subject to an ongoing territorial dispute between Haiti and the United States

=== Jamaica ===
[[File:Flag-of-Jamaica.png|none|thumb]]

Flag of Jamaica is the only national flag that does not contain a shade of the colours red, white, or blue
{| class="wikitable"
|Capital
|Kingston
|-
|Largest cities
|Kingston, Portmore, Spanish Town, Montego Bay
|-
|Currency
|Dollar
|-
|Highest point
|Blue Mountain Peak
|}
Jamaica is a Commonwealth realm. Once a Spanish possession known as Santiago, in 1655 it came under the rule of England, and was called Jamaica. It achieved full independence from the United Kingdom in 1962

Black River is one of the longest rivers in Jamaica

Spanish Town was the former capital of Jamaica

Jamaica is divided into 14 parishes, which are grouped into the three historic counties of Cornwall, Middlesex and Surrey

Kingston is in the county of Surrey

Montego Bay is the second largest anglophone city in the Caribbean, after Kingston

Port Royal was a city located at the mouth of the Kingston Harbour. Founded in 1588, it was the centre of shipping commerce in the Caribbean Sea during the latter half of the 17th century. It was destroyed by an earthquake in 1692 and subsequent fires, hurricanes, flooding, epidemics and a final earthquake in 1907

Blue Mountain Peak is the home of Blue Mountain coffee

=== Saint Kitts and Nevis ===
[[File:Flag-of-St-Kitts-Nevis.png|none|thumb]]
{| class="wikitable"
|Capital
|Basseterre
|-
|Largest cities
|Basseterre
|-
|Currency
|East Caribbean dollar
|-
|Highest point
|Mount Liamuiga
|}
Saint Kitts and Nevis specifically became the first ever British colony in the West Indies in 1624, and then became the first ever French colony in the Caribbean in 1625, when both nations decided to partition the island

St Kitts was named by Christopher Columbus after St Christopher. Kit was a common nickname for Christopher

The Narrows separates St Kitts from Nevis

Charlestown is the capital of Nevis

St Kitts and Nevis is the smallest sovereign state in the Western Hemisphere, in both area and population

=== Saint Lucia ===
[[File:Flag-of-St-Lucia.png|none|thumb]]
{| class="wikitable"
|Capital
|Castries
|-
|Largest cities
|Castries, Soufriere
|-
|Currency
|East Caribbean dollar
|-
|Highest point
|Mount Gimie
|}
Saint Lucia was named after Saint Lucy of Syracuse by the French, and is the only country named after an actual female historical figure

The Pitons, Gros Piton and Petit Piton, are two giant volcanic plugs located south of Soufriere and are a World Heritage Site

=== Saint Vincent and the Grenadines ===
[[File:Flag-of-St-Vincent-the-Grenadines.png|none|thumb]]

The current flag of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines was adopted in 1985. A breadfruit leaf was replaced by three diamonds forming the letter “V”
{| class="wikitable"
|Capital
|Kingstown
|-
|Largest cities
|Kingstown
|-
|Currency
|East Caribbean dollar
|-
|Highest point
|La Soufriere
|}
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines consists of the main island of Saint Vincent and the northern two-thirds of the Grenadines

Bequia is the second-largest island of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

Christopher Columbus, the first European to discover the island, named it after St. Vincent of Saragossa

La Soufriere is an active volcano on the island of Saint Vincent. Many volcanoes in the Caribbean are named Soufriere (French: ‘sulphur outlet’). These include Soufriere Hills on Montserrat and La Grande Soufriere on Guadeloupe. The latest eruptive activity began in December 2020, with a series of explosive events beginning in April 2021

Mustique is a small private island in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

=== Trinidad and Tobago ===
[[File:Flag-of-Trinidad-and-Tobago.png|none|thumb]]
{| class="wikitable"
|Capital
|Port of Spain
|-
|Largest cities
|Chaguanas, San Fernando, Port of Spain
|-
|Currency
|Dollar
|-
|Highest point
|El Cerro del Aripo
|}
Trinidad and Tobago is the southernmost island in the Caribbean and lies just 11 km off the northeastern coast of Venezuela

Pitch Lake is a lake of natural asphalt located at La Brea in Trinidad. It was discovered by Sir Walter Raleigh in 1595

Scarborough is the chief town of Tobago

=== Overseas territories ===
'''Anguilla'''

Anguilla is a British Overseas Territory in the Caribbean, one of the most northerly of the Leeward Islands. The territory's capital is The Valley

'''Aruba'''

Aruba is one of the four constituent countries that form the Kingdom of the Netherlands, along with the Netherlands, Curacao and Sint Maarten. Aruba’s capital is Oranjestad

'''Bonaire'''

Bonaire is one of the ABC islands, along with Aruba and Curacao. Bonaire's capital is Kralendijk

'''British Virgin Islands'''

British Virgin Islands is a British overseas territory located to the east of Puerto Rico. Consists of the main islands of Tortola, Virgin Gorda, Anegada, and Jost Van Dyke, along with over fifty other smaller islands and cays. About 15 of the islands are inhabited. The capital, Road Town, is situated on Tortola, the largest island

Necker Island is in the British Virgin Islands, and is owned by Richard Branson

'''Cayman Islands'''

Cayman Islands comprises the three islands of Grand Cayman, Little Cayman and Cayman Brac

Cayman Islands are named after a reptile

George Town is the capital of the Cayman Islands, and was named after George III

One of Grand Cayman's main attractions is Seven Mile Beach

'''Curacao'''

Curacao is a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. Willemstad is the capital of Curacao

'''Guadeloupe'''

Guadeloupe is an overseas department and region of France

Basse-Terre and Grande-Terre are the two main islands, and are separated by a narrow sea channel called Salt River

Pointe-a-pitre is the largest city in Guadeloupe

The capital city is Basse-Terre

'''Martinique'''

Martinique is a single territorial collectivity of the French Republic. It is also part of the European Union as an Outermost Region

In Martinique there is a statue of the Empress Josephine, who was born in Martinique, holding a locket with a portrait of Napoleon

In 1902, Mont Pelee erupted and completely destroyed St. Pierre, killing 30,000 people

The capital city is Fort-de-France

'''Montserrat'''

Montserrat is a British Overseas Territory

Christopher Columbus gave Montserrat its name on his second voyage to the New World in 1493, after Montserrat mountain located in Catalonia. Montserrat is nicknamed the ‘Emerald Isle of the Caribbean’

In 1995, the previously dormant Soufriere Hills volcano became active. Eruptions destroyed Montserrat's Georgian era capital city of Plymouth and two-thirds of the island's population was forced to flee. Interim government buildings have since been built at Brades, becoming the political capital in 1998

Little Bay is a port town under construction which is intended to be the future capital

'''Puerto Rico'''

Puerto Rico is located in the northeastern Caribbean Sea, east of the Dominican Republic and west of the Virgin Islands

Puerto Rico is an incorporated territory of the United States

San Juan is the capital and largest city

In a referendum in 2020, 52% voted that Puerto Rico should be admitted immediately into the Union as a State

'''Saba'''

Saba is the smallest special municipality of the Netherlands

The capital of Saba is The Bottom

Mount Scenery on the island of Saba, now considered an integral part of the Netherlands following the dissolution of the Netherlands Antilles, is the highest point of the entire Kingdom of the Netherlands at 887 m

'''Saint Barthelemy'''

Saint Barthelemy is a French overseas collectivity. Until 2003 Saint Barthelemy was a French commune forming part of Guadeloupe

Gustavia is the main town and capital. Named in honour of King Gustav III of Sweden

'''Sint Eustatius'''

Sint Eustatius is a special municipality of the Netherlands in the northern Leeward Islands. The capital is Oranjestad

Caribbean Netherlands consists of the islands of Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba, known as the BES islands

'''Turks and Caicos Islands'''

Turks and Caicos Islands is a British Overseas Territory consisting of two groups of islands southeast of the Bahamas. The capital is Cockburn Town

'''United States Virgin Islands'''

United States Virgin Islands are an unincorporated and organized territory of the United States

Named by Christopher Columbus on his second voyage in 1493 for Saint Ursula and her virgin followers. The main islands are Saint Croix, Saint John, and Saint Thomas. Formerly the Danish West Indies, they were sold to the United States by Denmark in 1916

Charlotte Amalie, located on Saint Thomas, is the capital and largest city

== Bermuda ==
[[File:Flag of Bermuda.svg.png|center|thumb]]
Bermuda is Britain's second oldest remaining British Overseas Territory. It lies 1,000 km southeast of North Carolina, 1,700 km northeast of Cuba and 1,500 kn north of the British Virgin Islands

Capital – Hamilton

Largest city – St Georges

Bermuda is an archipelago consisting of 181 islands

Bermuda is divided into nine parishes

Somers Isles was Britain’s oldest colony. Named after Admiral George Somers

St George’s was the first capital of Bermuda

St. George's Island is one of the main islands of the territory of Bermuda

== Greenland ==
[[File:Flag of Greenland.svg.png|center|thumb]]
Greenland is an autonomous country within the Kingdom of Denmark. It is the world's largest island, located between the Arctic and Atlantic oceans

Capital and largest city – Nuuk

Highest point – Gunnbjorn Fjeld, which is also the highest mountain north of the Arctic circle

Greenland ice sheet is a vast body of ice covering 1,710,000 square kilometres (660,235 sq mi), roughly 80% of the surface of Greenland. It is the second largest ice body in the world, after the Antarctic Ice Sheet

Cape Farewell is the southernmost point of Greenland

Ilulissat Icefjord is a fjord in western Greenland. At its eastern end is the Jakobshavn Isbrae glacier, the most productive glacier in the Northern Hemisphere. Larger icebergs typically do not melt until they reach 40 – 45 degrees north

Petermann glacier connects the Greenland ice sheet to the Arctic Ocean

Scoresby Sound is a large fjord system of the Greenland Sea on the eastern coast of Greenland

Northeast Greenland National Park is the world's largest national park

Kaffeklubben Island is an uninhabited island off the northern tip of Greenland. It contains the most northerly point of land on Earth

King Christian IX Land and King Frederick VIII Land are geographical areas of Greenland

== Hispaniola ==
Hispaniola is the most populous island in the West Indies, and the region's second largest in area, after the island of Cuba

The island is divided into Dominican Republic to the east and Haiti to the west

== Saint Martin ==
Saint Martin is shared between France ('''Saint Martin''') and the Netherlands ('''Sint Maarten'''). it is the smallest inhabited sea island divided between two nations

Princess Juliana International Airport is the main airport on Sint Maarten. The airport has very low-altitude flyover landing approaches, owing to one end of its runway being extremely close to the shore and Maho Beach

== Physical Geography ==
Regions

The Canadian Shield, also called the Precambrian Shield, Laurentian Shield, or Laurentian Plateau, is a large thin-soiled area over a part of the North American craton (a deep, common, joined bedrock region) in eastern and central Canada and adjacent portions of the US, composed of base rock dating to the Precambrian Era

Continental Divide (or Great Divide) of the Americas is the name given to the principal, and largely mountainous, hydrological divide of the Americas that separates the watersheds that drain into the Pacific Ocean from, 1) those river systems which drain into the Atlantic Ocean and 2) those river systems which drain into the Arctic Ocean

Mountains

Highest mountains in North America – McKinley, Logan, Pico de Orizaba

Rocky Mountains stretch more than 3,000 miles from the northernmost part of British Columbia to New Mexico. Within the North American Cordillera, the Rockies are distinct from the Pacific Coast Ranges and the Cascade Range and Sierra Nevada which all lie further to the west. The highest point is Mount Elbert in Colorado

Appalachian Mountains extend over 2,000 miles from Newfoundland and Labrador to Alabama. The highest point is Mount Mitchell, in North Carolina

Appalachian Trail extends between Springer Mountain in Georgia and Mount Katahdin in Maine. It is approximately 2,181 miles long

Mount Saint Elias is the second highest mountain in both Canada and the United States, being situated on the Yukon and Alaska border

Maya Mountains are located in Belize and eastern Guatemala

American Cordillera is a chain of mountain ranges (cordilleras) that consists of an almost continuous sequence of mountain ranges that form the western ‘backbone’ of the Americas. Aconcagua is the highest peak of the chain. It is also the backbone of the volcanic arc that forms the eastern half of the Pacific Ring of Fire

Deserts

Sonoran Desert covers large parts of the southwestern United States (in Arizona and California), as well as the northwestern Mexican states of Sonora, Baja California, and Baja California Sur

Chihuahuan Desert covers parts of northern Mexico and the southwestern United States

Rivers

Longest rivers of the United States – Missouri, Mississippi, Yukon, Rio Grande

St. Lawrence River flows from Lake Ontario into the Gulf of St. Lawrence, connecting the Great Lakes to the North Atlantic Ocean and forming the primary drainage outflow of the Great Lakes Basin. The river traverses the provinces of Ontario and Quebec as well as the U.S. state of New York, and is part of the international boundary between Canada and the United States. It also provides the basis for the commercial St. Lawrence Seaway

Thousand Islands constitute a North American archipelago of 1,864 islands that straddles the Canada–US border in the Saint Lawrence River as it emerges from the northeast corner of Lake Ontario

Thousand Island dressing is named after the Thousand Islands region

Just Room Enough Island is located in the Thousand Islands chain, belonging to New York. The island is known for being the smallest inhabited island

Seas

Beaufort Sea is in Arctic Ocean, located north of the Northwest Territories, the Yukon, and Alaska

Lincoln Sea is a body of water in the Arctic Ocean, stretching from Cape Columbia, Canada, in the west to Cape Morris Jesup, Greenland

Greenland Sea borders Greenland to the west, the Svalbard archipelago to the east, Fram Strait and the Arctic Ocean to the north, and the Norwegian Sea and Iceland to the south. The Greenland Sea is often defined as part of the Arctic Ocean. Molloy Deep, within the Greenland Sea, is the deepest point of the Arctic Ocean

Lomonosov Ridge is an underwater ridge of continental crust in the Arctic Ocean. It spans 1800 km from the New Siberian Islands over the central part of the ocean to Ellesmere Island of the Canadian Arctic islands. Named in honour of Russian scientist and polymath Mikhail Lomonosov

Salish Sea is a marginal sea of the Pacific Ocean located in the Canadian province of British Columbia and the U.S. state of Washington. It includes the Strait of Georgia, Strait of Juan de Fuca, and Puget Sound

Strait of Juan de Fuca forms the principal outlet for the Georgia Strait and Puget Sound, connecting both to the Pacific Ocean. It provides part of the international boundary between the United States and Canada

San Juan Islands are an archipelago between the state of Washington and Vancouver Island

Sargasso Sea is an elongated region in the middle of the North Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by ocean currents. On the west it is bounded by the Gulf Stream; on the north, by the North Atlantic Current; on the east, by the Canary Current; and on the south, by the North Atlantic Equatorial Current

Gulf of Paria is an inland sea located between Trinidad and Venezuela. In the north, the Gulf is connected to the Caribbean Sea through the Dragons' Mouths. In the south, the Gulf is connected to the Atlantic through the Columbus Channel, also known as the Serpent's Mouth

Gulf of Fonseca is in the Pacific Ocean and borders El Salvador, Honduras, and Nicaragua

Mona Passage separates the islands of Hispaniola and Puerto Rico

Yucatan Channel separates Mexico from Cuba

Puerto Rico trench has a maximum depth of 8648 metres at Milwaukee Deep, which is the deepest point in the Atlantic Ocean and the deepest point not in the Pacific Ocean

Mesoamerican Barrier Reef System, also known as the Great Mayan Reef, is a marine region that stretches over 1000 km from the tip of the Yucatan Peninsula down to Belize, Guatemala and Honduras

File:Utah flag cmyk 1.png

2025-11-04T17:59:08Z

QRNeditor:

New flag of Utah

File:MN State Flag FINAL A2-1200x720.png

2025-11-04T17:55:13Z

QRNeditor:

New flag of Minnesota

Entertainment/Mercury prize

2025-10-21T20:45:57Z

QRNeditor: Updated Trivia section

The Mercury Prize is awarded annually for the best album released in the United Kingdom by a British or Irish act. The Prize has no categories and is open to all genres of music. There are 12 shortlisted Albums of the Year.

The prize was originally sponsored by Mercury Communications and was known as the Mercury Music Prize. It was created in 1992 as an alternative to the Brit Awards.

{| class="wikitable"
|Year
|Winner
|Shortlisted nominations included –
|-
|1992
|Primal Scream – ''Screamadelica''
|Simply Red – ''Stars''

U2 – ''Achtung Baby''
|-
|1993
|Suede – ''Suede''
|East 17 – ''Walthamstow''

Sting – ''Ten Summoner’s Tales''
|-
|1994
|M People – ''Elegant Slumming''
|Blur – ''Parklife''

The Prodigy – ''Music for the Jilted Generation''

Take That – ''Everything Changes''
|-
|1995
|Portishead – ''Dummy''
|The Boo Radleys – ''Wake Up!''

Oasis – ''Definitely Maybe''
|-
|1996
|Pulp – ''Different Class''
|Manic Street Preachers – ''Everything Must Go''

Oasis – ''(What’s the Story) Morning Glory?''
|-
|1997
|Roni Size & Reprazent – ''New Forms''
|The Chemical Brothers – ''Dig Your Own Hole''

Radiohead – ''OK Computer''

Spice Girls – ''Spice''
|-
|1998
|Gomez – ''Bring It On''
|Massive Attack – ''Mezzanine''

The Verve – ''Urban Hymns''

Robbie Williams – ''Life thru a Lens''
|-
|1999
|Talvin Singh – ''Ok''
|Blur – ''13''

Stereophonics – ''Performance and Cocktails''
|-
|2000
|Badly Drawn Boy – ''The Hour of Dewilderbeest''
|Coldplay – ''Parachutes''

Doves – ''Lost Souls''
|-
|2001
|PJ Harvey – ''Stories from the City, Stories from the Sea''
|Gorillaz – ''Gorillaz''

Radiohead – ''Amnesiac''
|-
|2002
|Ms. Dynamite – ''A Little Deeper''
|''David Bowie – Heathen''

Beverley Knight – ''Who I Am''
|-
|2003
|Dizzee Rascal – ''Boy in da Corner''
|Coldplay – ''A Rush of Blood to the Head''

Radiohead – ''Hail to the Thief''
|-
|2004
|Franz Ferdinand – ''Franz Ferdinand''
|Keane – ''Hopes and Fears''

Snow Patrol – ''Final Straw''

Amy Winehouse – ''Frank''
|-
|2005
|Anthony and the Johnsons – ''I Am a Bird Now''
|Bloc Party – ''Silent Alarm''

Coldplay – ''X&Y''

KT Tunstall – ''Eye to the Telescope''
|-
|2006
|Arctic Monkeys – ''Whatever People Say I Am, That’s What I’m Not''
|Muse – ''Black Holes & Revelations''

Thom Yorke – ''The Eraser''
|-
|2007
|Klaxons – ''Myths of the Near Future''
|Arctic Monkeys – ''Favourite Worst Nightmare''

Dizzee Rascal – ''Maths + English''

Amy Winehouse – ''Back to Black''
|-
|2008
|Elbow – ''The Seldom Seen Kid''
|Adele – ''19''

Radiohead – ''In Rainbows''
|-
|2009
|Speech Debelle – ''Speech Therapy''
|Florence and the Machine – ''Lungs''

Kasabian – ''West Ryder Pauper Lunatic Asylum''
|-
|2010
|The xx – ''xx''
|Mumford & Sons – ''Sigh No More''

Paul Weller – ''Wake Up the Nation''
|-
|2011
|PJ Harvey – ''Let England Shake''
|Adele – ''21''

Elbow – ''Build a Rocket Boys!''

Tinie Tempah – ''Disc-Overy''
|-
|2012
|alt-J – ''An Awesome Wave''
|Michael Kiwanuka – ''Home Again''

Plan B – ''ill Manors''
|-
|2013
|James Blake – ''Overgrown''
|Arctic Monkeys – ''AM''

David Bowie – ''The Next Day''
|-
|2014
|Young Fathers – ''Dead''
|Damon Albarn – ''Everyday Robots''

Royal Blood – ''Royal Blood''
|-
|2015
|Benjamin Clementine – ''At Least for Now''
|Florence and the Machine – ''How Big, How Blue, How Beautiful''

Wolf Alice – ''My Love Is Cool''
|-
|2016
|Skepta – ''Konnichiwa''
|David Bowie – ''Blackstar''

The 1975 – ''I Like It When You Sleep, for You Are So Beautiful yet So Unaware of It''

Radiohead – ''A Moon Shaped Pool''
|-
|2017
|Sampha – ''Process''
|Ed Sheeran – ''÷''

Stormzy – ''Gang Signs & Prayer''
|-
|2018
|Wolf Alice – ''Visions of a Life''
|Lily Allen – ''No Shame''

Noel Gallagher's High Flying Birds – ''Who Built the Moon?''
|-
|2019
|Dave – ''Psychodrama''
|Little Simz – ''Grey Area''

The 1975 – ''A Brief Inquiry into Online Relationships''
|-
|2020
|Michael Kiwanuka – ''Kiwanuka''
|Dua Lipa – ''Future Nostalgia''

Stormzy – ''Heavy is the Head''
|-
|2021
|Arlo Parks – ''Collapsed in Sunbeams''
|Laura Mvula – ''Pink Noise''

Wolf Alice – ''Blue Weekend''
|-
|2022
|Little Simz – ''Sometimes I Might Be Introvert''
|Harry Styles – ''Harry’s House''

Sam Fender – ''Seventeen Going Under''

Wet Leg – ''Wet Leg''
|-
|2023
|Ezra Collective – ''Where I’m Meant to Be''
|Arctic Monkeys – ''The Car''

Raye – ''My 21st Century Blues''

Young Fathers – ''Heavy Heavy''
|-
|2024
|English Teacher – ''This Could Be Texas''
|Beth Gibbons – ''Lives Outgrown''

Charli XCX – ''Brat''

Corinne Bailey Rae – ''Black Rainbows''

The Last Dinner Party – ''Prelude to Ecstasy''
|-
|2025
|Sam Fender – ''Watching People''
|CMAT – ''Euro-Country''
Emma-Jean Thackray – ''Weirdo''

FKA twigs – ''Eusexua''

Fontaines D.C. – ''Romance''

Jacob Alon – ''In Limerence''

Joe Webb – ''Hamstrings & Hurricanes''

Martin Carthy – ''Transform Me Then Into A Fish''

Pa Salieu – ''Afrikan Alien''

PinkPantheress – ''Fancy That''

Pulp – ''More''

Wolf Alice – ''The Clearing''
|}

'''Trivia'''

PJ Harvey is the only artist to win twice.

Arctic Monkeys have had five nominations, with one win. Alex Turner also had a nomination as a member of The Last Shadow Puppets.

Radiohead have had five nominations, with no wins. Thom Yorke also had an individual nomination.

PJ Harvey has had four nominations, with two wins.

Pulp have had four nominations, with one win.

Laura Marling has had four nominations, with no wins.

Wolf Alice are the sole act nominated for each of their first four albums.

In 2001 Gorillaz pulled out hours after being declared favourites to win the award. Cartoon bassist Murdoc said winning would be "like carrying a dead albatross round your neck for eternity".

Sponsors – Mercury Communications, Technics, Panasonic, Nationwide, Barclaycard, Hyundai, and Freenow. The prize currently has no sponsor.

The winning artist receives a cash prize of £25,000.

The 2025 awards ceremony was held in Newcastle, marking its first occurrence outside London.

Entertainment/Mercury prize

2025-10-18T10:36:53Z

QRNeditor: Added 2025 winner

The Mercury Prize is awarded annually for the best album released in the United Kingdom by a British or Irish act. The Prize has no categories and is open to all genres of music. There are 12 shortlisted Albums of the Year.

The prize was originally sponsored by Mercury Communications and was known as the Mercury Music Prize. It was created in 1992 as an alternative to the Brit Awards.

{| class="wikitable"
|Year
|Winner
|Shortlisted nominations included –
|-
|1992
|Primal Scream – ''Screamadelica''
|Simply Red – ''Stars''

U2 – ''Achtung Baby''
|-
|1993
|Suede – ''Suede''
|East 17 – ''Walthamstow''

Sting – ''Ten Summoner’s Tales''
|-
|1994
|M People – ''Elegant Slumming''
|Blur – ''Parklife''

The Prodigy – ''Music for the Jilted Generation''

Take That – ''Everything Changes''
|-
|1995
|Portishead – ''Dummy''
|The Boo Radleys – ''Wake Up!''

Oasis – ''Definitely Maybe''
|-
|1996
|Pulp – ''Different Class''
|Manic Street Preachers – ''Everything Must Go''

Oasis – ''(What’s the Story) Morning Glory?''
|-
|1997
|Roni Size & Reprazent – ''New Forms''
|The Chemical Brothers – ''Dig Your Own Hole''

Radiohead – ''OK Computer''

Spice Girls – ''Spice''
|-
|1998
|Gomez – ''Bring It On''
|Massive Attack – ''Mezzanine''

The Verve – ''Urban Hymns''

Robbie Williams – ''Life thru a Lens''
|-
|1999
|Talvin Singh – ''Ok''
|Blur – ''13''

Stereophonics – ''Performance and Cocktails''
|-
|2000
|Badly Drawn Boy – ''The Hour of Dewilderbeest''
|Coldplay – ''Parachutes''

Doves – ''Lost Souls''
|-
|2001
|PJ Harvey – ''Stories from the City, Stories from the Sea''
|Gorillaz – ''Gorillaz''

Radiohead – ''Amnesiac''
|-
|2002
|Ms. Dynamite – ''A Little Deeper''
|''David Bowie – Heathen''

Beverley Knight – ''Who I Am''
|-
|2003
|Dizzee Rascal – ''Boy in da Corner''
|Coldplay – ''A Rush of Blood to the Head''

Radiohead – ''Hail to the Thief''
|-
|2004
|Franz Ferdinand – ''Franz Ferdinand''
|Keane – ''Hopes and Fears''

Snow Patrol – ''Final Straw''

Amy Winehouse – ''Frank''
|-
|2005
|Anthony and the Johnsons – ''I Am a Bird Now''
|Bloc Party – ''Silent Alarm''

Coldplay – ''X&Y''

KT Tunstall – ''Eye to the Telescope''
|-
|2006
|Arctic Monkeys – ''Whatever People Say I Am, That’s What I’m Not''
|Muse – ''Black Holes & Revelations''

Thom Yorke – ''The Eraser''
|-
|2007
|Klaxons – ''Myths of the Near Future''
|Arctic Monkeys – ''Favourite Worst Nightmare''

Dizzee Rascal – ''Maths + English''

Amy Winehouse – ''Back to Black''
|-
|2008
|Elbow – ''The Seldom Seen Kid''
|Adele – ''19''

Radiohead – ''In Rainbows''
|-
|2009
|Speech Debelle – ''Speech Therapy''
|Florence and the Machine – ''Lungs''

Kasabian – ''West Ryder Pauper Lunatic Asylum''
|-
|2010
|The xx – ''xx''
|Mumford & Sons – ''Sigh No More''

Paul Weller – ''Wake Up the Nation''
|-
|2011
|PJ Harvey – ''Let England Shake''
|Adele – ''21''

Elbow – ''Build a Rocket Boys!''

Tinie Tempah – ''Disc-Overy''
|-
|2012
|alt-J – ''An Awesome Wave''
|Michael Kiwanuka – ''Home Again''

Plan B – ''ill Manors''
|-
|2013
|James Blake – ''Overgrown''
|Arctic Monkeys – ''AM''

David Bowie – ''The Next Day''
|-
|2014
|Young Fathers – ''Dead''
|Damon Albarn – ''Everyday Robots''

Royal Blood – ''Royal Blood''
|-
|2015
|Benjamin Clementine – ''At Least for Now''
|Florence and the Machine – ''How Big, How Blue, How Beautiful''

Wolf Alice – ''My Love Is Cool''
|-
|2016
|Skepta – ''Konnichiwa''
|David Bowie – ''Blackstar''

The 1975 – ''I Like It When You Sleep, for You Are So Beautiful yet So Unaware of It''

Radiohead – ''A Moon Shaped Pool''
|-
|2017
|Sampha – ''Process''
|Ed Sheeran – ''÷''

Stormzy – ''Gang Signs & Prayer''
|-
|2018
|Wolf Alice – ''Visions of a Life''
|Lily Allen – ''No Shame''

Noel Gallagher's High Flying Birds – ''Who Built the Moon?''
|-
|2019
|Dave – ''Psychodrama''
|Little Simz – ''Grey Area''

The 1975 – ''A Brief Inquiry into Online Relationships''
|-
|2020
|Michael Kiwanuka – ''Kiwanuka''
|Dua Lipa – ''Future Nostalgia''

Stormzy – ''Heavy is the Head''
|-
|2021
|Arlo Parks – ''Collapsed in Sunbeams''
|Laura Mvula – ''Pink Noise''

Wolf Alice – ''Blue Weekend''
|-
|2022
|Little Simz – ''Sometimes I Might Be Introvert''
|Harry Styles – ''Harry’s House''

Sam Fender – ''Seventeen Going Under''

Wet Leg – ''Wet Leg''
|-
|2023
|Ezra Collective – ''Where I’m Meant to Be''
|Arctic Monkeys – ''The Car''

Raye – ''My 21st Century Blues''

Young Fathers – ''Heavy Heavy''
|-
|2024
|English Teacher – ''This Could Be Texas''
|Beth Gibbons – ''Lives Outgrown''

Charli XCX – ''Brat''

Corinne Bailey Rae – ''Black Rainbows''

The Last Dinner Party – ''Prelude to Ecstasy''
|-
|2025
|Sam Fender – ''Watching People''
|CMAT – ''Euro-Country''
Emma-Jean Thackray – ''Weirdo''

FKA twigs – ''Eusexua''

Fontaines D.C. – ''Romance''

Jacob Alon – ''In Limerence''

Joe Webb – ''Hamstrings & Hurricanes''

Martin Carthy – ''Transform Me Then Into A Fish''

Pa Salieu – ''Afrikan Alien''

PinkPantheress – ''Fancy That''

Pulp – ''More''

Wolf Alice – ''The Clearing''
|}

'''Trivia'''

PJ Harvey is the only artist to win twice.

Arctic Monkeys have had five nominations, with one win. Alex Turner also had a nomination as a member of The Last Shadow Puppets.

Radiohead have had five nominations, with no wins. Thom Yorke also had an individual nomination.

PJ Harvey has had four nominations, with two wins.

Laura Marling has had four nominations, with no wins.

Wolf Alice are the sole act nominated for each of their first four albums.

In 2001 Gorillaz pulled out hours after being declared favourites to win the award. Cartoon bassist Murdoc said winning would be "like carrying a dead albatross round your neck for eternity".

Sponsors – Mercury Communications, Technics, Panasonic, Nationwide, Barclaycard, Hyundai, and Freenow. The prize currently has no sponsor.

The winning artist receives a cash prize of £25,000.

The 2025 awards ceremony was held in Newcastle, marking its first occurrence outside London.

Sport and Leisure/National Basketball Association

2025-10-18T10:29:45Z

QRNeditor: Added Michael Jordan Trophy

== Teams ==

=== Eastern Conference Atlantic ===

==== Boston Celtics ====
Arena – TD Garden

Championships – 18 (1957, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1968, 1969, 1974, 1976, 1981, 1984, 1986, 2008, 2024)

Founded in 1946. The franchise's 18 championships are the most for any NBA franchise. The Celtics have played the Lakers a record 12 times in the Finals

The "Big 3" era of the 1980s featured Larry Bird, Kevin McHale, and Robert Parish

The Celtics play their home games at the TD Garden, which they share with the National Hockey League's Boston Bruins

Red Auerbach coached the Celtics to nine NBA championships between 1957 and 1966

The Celtics mascot is 'Lucky the Leprechaun'

==== Brooklyn Nets ====
Arena – Barclays Center

Championships – 0

The team was established in 1967 as a charter franchise of the NBA's rival league, the American Basketball Association (ABA). They were known as the New Jersey Americans during their first season, before moving to Long Island in 1968 and changing their name to the New York Nets. In 1977, the team returned to New Jersey and played as the New Jersey Nets from 1977 to 2012. In the summer of 2012, the team moved to the Barclays Center, and took its current name

==== New York Knicks ====
Arena – Madison Square Garden

Championships – 2 (1970, 1973)

The New York Knickerbockers, commonly referred to as the Knicks, were established in 1946

Head coach Red Holzman successfully guided the Knicks to two NBA championships, in 1970 and 1973

The Knicks play their home matches at Madison Square Garden in Manhattan

==== Philadelphia 76ers ====
Arena – Wells Fargo Center

Championships – 3 (1955, 1967, 1983)

Founded in 1946 and originally known as the Syracuse Nationals, they are one of the oldest franchises in the NBA. The team moved to Philadelphia in 1964. Their name was changed to the "76ers" after the signing of the Declaration of Independence in Philadelphia in 1776. Also known as the Sixers

In December 2015, the 76ers beat the Los Angeles Lakers, after setting a league record 28 consecutive losses dating to the 2014–15 season

Allen Iverson played for the 76ers from 1996 to 2006, before being traded to Denver Nuggets. He won the NBA scoring title four times. His regular season career scoring average of 26.7 points per game ranks sixth all-time, and his playoff career scoring average of 29.7 points per game is second only to Michael Jordan. MVP in 2001

==== Toronto Raptors ====
Arena – Scotiabank Arena, formerly known as Air Canada Center

Championships – 1 (2019)

The team was established in 1995, along with the Vancouver Grizzlies, as part of the NBA's expansion into Canada. When the Grizzlies relocated to Memphis in 2001, the Raptors became the only Canadian-based team in the NBA. They originally played their home games at the SkyDome (since renamed Rogers Centre in 2005), before moving to the Air Canada Centre in 1999

The choice of team name was influenced by the popularity of the 1993 film adaption of ''Jurassic Park''

The Raptors won their first championship in 2019, beating Golden State Warriors. Kahwi Leonard was named Finals MVP

=== Eastern Conference Central ===

==== Chicago Bulls ====
Arena – United Center

Championships – 6 (1991, 1992, 1993, 1996, 1997, 1998)

The team was founded in 1966. The Bulls won six NBA championships between 1991 and 1998 with two three-peats. All six championship teams were led by Michael Jordan, Scottie Pippen and coach Phil Jackson. The Bulls are the only NBA franchise to win multiple championships and never lose an NBA Finals series in their history

The Bulls won a NBA record-72 games during the 1995–96 NBA season, which was beaten by Golden State Warriors in 2015–16

Dennis Rodman played for the Bulls from 1995 to 1998. He also played three games for Brighton Bears, and became a professional wrestler

Born in what is now South Sudan, Luol Deng is now a British citizen who played for Chicago Bulls from 2004 to 2014, and who now plays for Miami Heat

==== Cleveland Cavaliers ====
Arena – Rocket Arena

Championships – 1 (2016)

The team began play in the league in 1970 as an expansion team. They have won two Eastern Conference championships (2007, and 2015)

They had a 26-game losing streak in 2010–11, which tied the record for the longest losing streak in major American professional sports. The Cavaliers won their first NBA championship in 2016, beating Golden State Warriors 4–3, becoming the first the team in NBA history to come back from a 3–1 deficit to win the NBA Finals

==== Detroit Pistons ====
Arena – Little Caesars Arena

Championships – 3 (1989, 1990, 2004)

The team was founded in Fort Wayne, Indiana as the Fort Wayne (Zollner) Pistons in 1941, a member of the National Basketball League (NBL). The Pistons joined the Basketball Association of America (BAA) in 1948. In 1949, the NBL and BAA merged to become the NBA, and the Pistons became part of the merged league

Since moving to Detroit in 1957, the Pistons have won three NBA championships: in 1989, 1990 and 2004

==== Indiana Pacers ====
Arena – Gainbridge Fieldhouse (Indianapolis)

Championships – 0

The Pacers were first established in 1967 as members of the ABA and became members of the NBA in 1976 as a result of the ABA-NBA merger. The team is named after Indiana's history with the Indianapolis 500's pace cars and with the harness racing industry. The Pacers were Eastern Conference champions in 2000 and 2025

==== Milwaukee Bucks ====
Arena – Fiserv Forum

Championships – 2 (1971, 2021)

The team was founded in 1968 as an expansion team. The Bucks won their first league title in 1971. By winning it all in only their third season, the Bucks became the fastest expansion team in NBA history to win the championship. In 2015, the future for the Bucks in Milwaukee was solidified after the Wisconsin state senate voted in favour of a proposal to use public money to help finance a new arena to replace the Bradley Center, which was built in 1988

=== Eastern Conference Southeast ===

==== Atlanta Hawks ====
Arena – State Farm Arena

Championships – 1 (1958)

The team's origins can be traced to the establishment of the Tri-Cities Blackhawks in 1946. In 1951, the team moved to Milwaukee, where they changed their name to the Hawks. They moved again in 1955 to St. Louis, where they won their only NBA championship in 1958. The St. Louis Hawks moved to Atlanta in 1968

Cable network entrepreneur and Atlanta Braves owner Ted Turner bought the team in 1977

==== Charlotte Hornets ====
Arena – Spectrum Center

Championships – 0

The original Hornets franchise was established in 1988. The team relocated to New Orleans in 2002, to become the New Orleans Hornets. In 2004 the NBA established, what was regarded at the time as a new expansion team in Charlotte, the Charlotte Bobcats. In 2013, the New Orleans franchise announced it would rebrand itself the New Orleans Pelicans, ultimately returning the Hornets name to Charlotte. The Bobcats were officially renamed the Charlotte Hornets for the 2014–15 NBA season

The team is largely owned by Michael Jordan

==== Miami Heat ====
Arena – Kaseya Arena

Championships – 3 (2006, 2012, 2013)

Formed in 1988 as an expansion franchise, the Heat have won three league championships.

In 2013, the Heat won 27 games in a row

The team owner is Micky Arison, who also owns cruise-ship giant Carnival Corporation

Chris Bosh left Toronto Raptors for the Miami Heat in 2010. Bosh won NBA titles with Miami in 2012 and 2013. He also won a gold medal with the USA team at the 2008 Olympic Games

==== Orlando Magic ====
Arena – Kia Center

Championships – 0

The franchise was established in 1989, and won Conference titles in 1995 and 2009

The Magic won the first pick in the 1992 NBA draft Lottery and selected Shaquille O'Neal

==== Washington Wizards ====
Arena – Capital One Arena

Championships – 1 (1978)

The Wizards began playing as the Chicago Packers in 1961, as the first modern expansion team in NBA history. They changed their name to Chicago Zephyrs a year later, and then moved to Baltimore in 1963 as the Baltimore Bullets. In 1973, the team announced its move to Landover, a Washington, D.C. suburb, and became the Capital Bullets. A year later they changed their name to the Washington Bullets. In 1997 they changed their name to the Wizards

The franchise has won one NBA championship, in 1978 as the Washington Bullets

After retiring from the Chicago Bulls in 1999, Michael Jordan became the Washington Wizards' president of basketball operations as well as a minority owner. In September 2001, Jordan came out of retirement at age 38 to play for Washington

=== Western Conference Northwest ===

==== Denver Nuggets ====
Arena – Ball Arena, formerly known as the Pepsi Center

Championships – 1 (2023)

The Denver Rockets were founded in 1967. They changed their name to the Nuggets in 1974, and played for the final ABA Championship title in 1976

The Nuggets play their home games at Pepsi Center, which they share with the Colorado Avalanche of the NHL

The team won their first championship in 2023, defeating Miami Heat. Nikola Jokic was named the Finals' most valuable player to add to the two overall MVPs he won in 2021 and 2022

==== Minnesota Timberwolves ====
Arena – Target Center (Minneapolis)

Championships – 0

Founded in 1989, the Timberwolves struggled in their early years, but after the acquisition of Kevin Garnett in the 1995 NBA draft, the team made the playoffs eight consecutive times from 1997 to 2004. They won their first division title in 2004 and advanced to the Western Conference Finals. Garnett was also named the NBA Most Valuable Player Award for that season

==== Oklahoma City Thunder ====
Arena – Paycom Center

Championships – 2 (1979, 2025)

The team was originally established as the Seattle SuperSonics, an expansion team that joined the NBA in 1967. The SuperSonics relocated in 2008 and changed their name to Oklahoma City Thunder

In Seattle, the SuperSonics won their division six times, and won the 1979 NBA Championship

In Oklahoma City, the Thunder reached the NBA finals in 2012

Paycom Center was originally known as the Ford Center from 2002 to 2010 and a the Chesapeake Energy Arena from 2011 to 2021

Kevin Durant has won an NBA Most Valuable Player Award (2014), four NBA scoring titles, the NBA Rookie of the Year Award, and an Olympic gold medal (2012)

In 2025, Shai Gilgeous-Alexander was Finals MVP, Regular season MVP, and Regular season top scorer

==== Portland Trail Blazers ====
Arena – Moda Center

Championships – 1 (1977)

Founded in 1970, the team has advanced to the NBA Finals three times, winning the NBA Championship once, in 1977. Bill Walton was the NBA Finals MVP in 1977, and the regular season MVP the following year

The team is owned by Microsoft co-founder Paul Allen

Moda Center was known as the Rose Garden until 2013

==== Utah Jazz ====
Arena – Delta Center (Salt Lake City)

Championships – 0

The franchise began in 1974 as the New Orleans Jazz, and moved to Salt Lake City in 1979. They have made NBA Finals appearances in 1997 and 1998, where they lost both times to the Chicago Bulls

John Stockton spent his entire professional career as a point guard for the Utah Jazz, from 1984 to 2003. Stockton is regarded as one of the best point guards of all time, holding the NBA records for most career assists and steals

=== Western Conference Pacific ===

==== Golden State Warriors ====
Arena – Chase Center (San Francisco)

Championships – 7 (1947, 1956, 1975, 2015, 2017, 2018, 2022)

The team was established in 1946 as the Philadelphia Warriors, a founding member of the BAA, and it won the inaugural 1947 BAA Finals that is now considered the first NBA Championship. In 1962, the franchise relocated to the San Francisco Bay Area and was renamed as the San Francisco Warriors. In 1971, it changed its name to Golden State Warriors

Golden State Warriors set an NBA record with their 73rd win in regular season in 2015–16, beating the record set by Chicago Bulls in 1995–96

The Warriors most recently won the NBA championship by defeating Boston Celtics in 2022

The team's home arena from 1971 to 2019 was the Oracle Arena in Oakland. The home arena is now the Chase Center

==== Los Angeles Clippers ====
Arena – Intuit Dome

Championships – 0

The franchise was founded in 1970 as the Buffalo Braves. The Braves moved to San Diego in 1978 and became known as the San Diego Clippers. In 1984, the Clippers moved to Los Angeles. Through much of its history, the franchise failed to see significant regular season or playoff success, but in 2013 won its first division title

In 2014, Steve Ballmer, former CEO of Microsoft, agreed to purchase the team for $2 billion

The Clippers played at the Staples Center from 1999 to 2024

==== Los Angeles Lakers ====
Arena – Crypto.com Arena, formerly known as Staples Center

Championships – 17 (1949, 1950, 1952, 1953, 1954, 1972, 1980, 1982, 1985, 1987, 1988, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2009, 2010, 2020)

The franchise began with the 1947 purchase of a disbanded team, the Detroit Gems of the NBL. The new team began playing in Minneapolis, calling themselves the Minneapolis Lakers in honor of the state's nickname, "Land of 10,000 Lakes". The Lakers won five NBA championships between 1949 and 1954. They relocated to Los Angeles before the 1960–61 season, and made the NBA Finals six times in the 1960s, but lost each series to the Boston Celtics. The 1980s Lakers were nicknamed "Showtime" due to their Magic Johnson-led fast break-offense, and won five championships in a 9-year span, including their first ever Finals championship against the Celtics in 1985. They won three consecutive titles between 2000 to 2002, and won their last title in 2010

The Lakers hold the record for NBA's longest winning streak, 33 straight games, set during the 1971–72 season

In 2006, Kobe Bryant scored 81 points in a match against the Toronto Raptors

Metta World Peace was known as Ron Artest before legally changing his name in 2011. World Peace gained a reputation as one of the league's premier defenders

Phil Jackson coached the Lakers to five championships from 2000 until 2010. In total, Jackson has won 11 NBA titles as a coach (six with Chicago Bulls), surpassing the previous record of nine set by Red Auerbach

==== Phoenix Suns ====
Arena – PHX Arena

Championships – 0

The Suns began play as an expansion team in 1968. They have reached the NBA Finals twice, in 1976 and 1993

Steve Nash played for the Suns from 1996 to 1998 and from 2004 to 2012. He was NBA MVP in 2005 and 2006. He currently serves as the general manager of the Canadian national team

Talking Stick Resort Arena, formerly America West Arena and US Airways Center, was opened in 1992

==== Sacramento Kings ====
Arena – Golden 1 Center

Championships – 1 (1951)

The Kings are the oldest franchise in the NBA. Originating in Rochester, New York, they joined the BAA as the Rochester Royals in 1948, and won the NBA championship in 1951. They relocated to Cincinnati in 1957 and Kansas City in 1972. The team initially divided its home games between Kansas City and Omaha. They were known as the Kansas City Kings from 1975 to 1985, when they moved to Sacramento

The Kings have the longest drought of not winning an NBA championship, 65 years

Sleep Train Arena, originally ARCO Arena and later Power Balance Pavilion, was opened in 1988

===Western Conference Southwest===

==== Dallas Mavericks ====
Arena – American Airlines Center

Championships – 1 (2011)

Since their inaugural 1980–81 season, the Mavericks have won three conference championships, and one NBA Championship (2011)

==== Houston Rockets ====
Arena – Toyota Center

Championships – 2 (1994, 1995)

The team was established in 1967 as the San Diego Rockets, before moving to Houston in 1971. They reached the NBA finals in 1981 and 1986, but were defeated by the Boston Celtics on both occasions. In 1994 they won their first title, and repeated as champions in 1995 as the lowest-seeded team in NBA history to win the title

Yao Ming played for Houston Rockets from 2002 to 2011. Born in Shanghai, he was the tallest active player in the NBA, at 2.29 m (7 ft 6 in)

==== Memphis Grizzlies ====
Arena – FedExForum

Championships – 0

The team was originally established as the Vancouver Grizzlies, an expansion team that joined the NBA in 1995. In 2001, the Grizzlies moved to Memphis

The Grizzlies reached the Conference final in 2013

Spanish brothers Pau Gasol and Marc Gasol have both played for the Grizzlies

==== New Orleans Pelicans ====
Arena – Smoothie King Center

Championships – 0

The Pelicans were established as the New Orleans Hornets in 2002 when then-owner of the Charlotte Hornets, George Shinn, relocated the franchise to New Orleans. Due to the damage caused by Hurricane Katrina in 2005, the franchise temporarily relocated to Oklahoma City, where they spent two seasons officially known as the New Orleans/Oklahoma City Hornets. The team returned to New Orleans full-time for the 2007–08 season. In 2013, the franchise announced it would rename itself the Pelicans

The Smoothie King Center (originally New Orleans Arena) is adjacent to the Mercedes-Benz Superdome

==== San Antonio Spurs ====
Arena – Frost Bank Center, formerly AT&T Center

Championships – 5 (1999, 2003, 2005, 2007, 2014)

The San Antonio Spurs started out in 1967 as the Dallas Chaparrals of the original version of the ABA. During the 1970–71 season, the name "Dallas" was dropped in favor of "Texas". The team moved to San Antonio in 1973 as the Spurs, and following the ABA/NBA merger of 1976 they moved to the NBA

San Antonio Spurs won four NBA titles between 1999 and 2007, and won a fifth title in 2014

Taking over as coach of the Spurs in 1996, Gregg Popovich is the longest tenured active coach in both the NBA and all US major sports leagues

Tony Parker was born in Bruges, but raised in France. He has played for the Spurs since 2001, and helped the Spurs win four NBA championships. Parker was named as the EuroBasket 2013 MVP, and was married to Eva Longoria

== Awards ==
'''Larry O’Brien Championship Trophy'''

The Larry O'Brien NBA Championship Trophy is the championship trophy awarded annually by the NBA to the winner of the NBA Finals. The name of the trophy was the Walter A. Brown Trophy until 1984, and is now in honor of former NBA commissioner Larry O'Brien

The trophy, made of sterling silver and a gold overlay, stands two feet tall. The basketball itself is nine inches in diameter. It is manufactured by the Tiffany & Co. Silver Shop every year

'''Bill Russell NBA Finals Most Valuable Player Award'''

The Bill Russell NBA Finals MVP Award was first presented after the 1969 NBA finals

Michael Johnson won the award a record six times. Magic Johnson, Shaquille O'Neal, and Tim Duncan won the award three times

'''NBA Most Valuable Player Award'''

The NBA MVP award given since the 1955–56 season to the best performing player of the regular season. Until 2021 the winner received the Maurice Podoloff Trophy, which was named in honour of the first commissioner of the NBA. Since the 2022–23 season, winners receive the Michael Jordan Trophy

Kareem Abdul-Jabbar won the award a record six times. Both Bill Russell and Michael Jordan won the award five times, while Wilt Chamberlain and LeBron James won the award four times

== NBA statistics ==
Most NBA Finals wins – Boston Celtics (18), Los Angeles Lakers (17), Golden State Warriors (7), Chicago Bulls (6)

Leading points scorers (as of July 2025) LeBron James (42,184), Kareem Abdul-Jabbar (38,387), Karl Malone (36,928), Kobe Bryant (33,643), Michael Jordan (32,292)

Most rebounds – Wilt Chamberlain

Most assists – John Stockton

Most steals – John Stockton

Most blocks – Hakeem Olajuwon

Baltimore Bullets were established in 1944 and folded in 1954, making the Bullets the last NBA franchise to do so. Out of all defunct NBA teams, the only defunct team to win a championship, in 1948

== Twenty leading players ==
'''Kareem Abdul-Jabbar'''

Kareem Abdul-Jabbar (born Lew Alcindor) was the NBA's all-time leading scorer from 1984 to 2023, with 38,387 points. During his career with the NBA’s Milwaukee Bucks and Los Angeles Lakers from 1969 to 1989, Abdul-Jabbar won six NBA championships and a record six regular season MVP Awards. Abdul-Jabbar twice was voted NBA Finals MVP. Noted for his trademark "skyhook" shot

'''Charles Barkley'''

Charles Barkley was drafted by the Philadelphia 76ers in 1984, moved to the Phoenix Suns in 1992 and the Houston Rockets in 1996. He won the league's MVP Award in 1993 and scored 23,757 points in his career. He also competed in the 1992 and 1996 Olympic games and won two gold medals as a member of the United States' "Dream Team". Nicknamed "The Round Mound of Rebound"

'''Larry Bird'''

Larry Bird played for the Boston Celtics from 1979 to 1992. He won three NBA titles and was named the league's MVP three consecutive times (1984–86). He served as head coach of the Indiana Pacers from 1997 to 2000. Larry Bird is the only man in NBA history to be named Most Valuable Player (Celtics), Coach of the Year (Pacers), and Executive of the Year (Pacers)

'''Kobe Bryant'''

Kobe Bryant has played for the LA Lakers his entire career, winning five NBA championships. He has led the league in scoring twice, and he ranks third on both the league's all-time regular season scoring and all-time postseason scoring lists. After beginning his 20th season with the Lakers in 2015–16, which set an NBA record for the most seasons with the same team, Bryant retired. He scored 60 points in his final game. Bryant died aged 41, along with his daughter Gianna and seven others, in a helicopter crash in Calabasas, California in 2020

'''Wilt Chamberlain'''

Wilt Chamberlain played for the Harlem Globetrotters in 1968. In the NBA, he played for the Philadelphia/San Francisco Warriors, the Philadelphia 76ers, and the Los Angeles Lakers. Chamberlain holds numerous NBA records, and is the only player to score 100 points in a single NBA game, for the Philadelphia Warriors in a 169–147 win over the New York Knicks in 1962. Nicknamed "Goliath" and "Wilt the Stilt"

'''Stephen Curry'''

Stephen "Steph" Curry was selected in the 2009 NBA draft by the Golden State Warriors. Playing at point guard, he is considered by some to be the greatest shooter in NBA history. Curry won the 2015 NBA MVP award and holds the NBA record for most consecutive games with a made three-pointer. In 2016, Curry became the first player to net more than 400 three-pointers in a season. In 2015, he led the Warriors to their first NBA championship since 1975. He won the NBA Finals MVP award in 2022

'''Tim Duncan'''

Tim Duncan has played for the San Antonio Spurs his entire career, winning five NBA championships. He was born in U.S. Virgin Islands. Widely considered to be the greatest power forward of all-time, he is a two-time NBA MVP, three-time NBA Finals MVP, and NBA Rookie of the Year

'''Julius Erving'''

Julius Erving won three championships, four MVP Awards, and three scoring titles with the ABA's Virginia Squires and New York Nets (now the NBA's Brooklyn Nets) and the NBA's Philadelphia 76ers. He is the sixth-highest scorer in ABA/NBA history with 30,026 points (NBA and ABA combined). He was well known for slam dunking. Nicknamed "Dr. J"

'''Patrick Ewing'''

Patrick Ewing was born in Kingston, Jamaica. He played most of his career with the New York Knicks and played briefly with the Seattle SuperSonics and Orlando Magic. Ewing is the Knicks all-time leading scorer, with 23,665 points. He won Olympic gold medals as a member of the 1984 and 1992 US team

'''LeBron James'''

LeBron James played for Cleveland Cavaliers from 2003 to 2010, before moving to Miami Heat. He returned to the Cavaliers in 2014. With Miami, James won three NBA championships, four NBA MVP Awards, and three NBA Finals MVP Awards. He has also won two Olympic gold medals and an NBA scoring title. James has a career average of 27.2 points per game. In February 2023 James surpassed Kareem Abdul-Jabbar to become the all-time leading scorer in NBA history

'''Magic Johnson'''

Earvin "Magic" Johnson played point guard for the Los Angeles Lakers from 1979 to 1991. He won a championship and an NBA Finals MVP Award in his rookie season, and won four more championships with the Lakers during the 1980s. Johnson retired abruptly in 1991 after announcing that he had contracted HIV, but returned to play in the 1992 All-Star Game. Johnson won three NBA MVP Awards and was a member of the US Olympic team in 1992

'''Michael Jordan'''

Michael Jordan played for the Chicago Bulls from 1984 to 1993, and then retired to play baseball. He returned to the NBA with the Bulls in 1995, and after a second retirement joined the Washington Wizards in 2001. With Chicago, Jordan won six NBA championships (the 1991–93 and 1996–98 three-peats), five NBA MVP Awards, and six NBA Finals MVP Awards. Jordan had a career average of 30.1 points per game, and his total of 5,987 points in the playoffs is the highest in NBA history. He is now the principal owner of the Charlotte Hornets. Jordan’s number, 23, was retired by the Bulls in 2003

'''Karl Malone'''

Karl Malone spent his first 18 seasons (1985–2003) in the NBA with the Utah Jazz and formed a formidable duo with his teammate John Stockton. Malone also played for the Los Angeles Lakers. Malone was a two-time NBA Most Valuable Player. He scored the second most career points in NBA history (36,928), and holds the records for most free throws attempted and made. Nicknamed "The Mailman" as he always delivered

'''Moses Malone'''

Moses Malone was named the NBA MVP three times. He won his only NBA championship in 1983, when he was both the league and Finals MVP with the Philadelphia 76ers, and played for five other teams in his career. Malone led the NBA in rebounding six times, and was nicknamed "Chairman of the Boards" for his rebounding prowess

'''Dirk Nowitski'''

Dirk Nowitski, born in Germany, joined the Dallas Mavericks in 1998. He was the first European player to start in an All-Star Game as well as the first to receive the NBA MVP Award (2007). Nowitzki is the highest-scoring foreign-born player in NBA-history, currently being ranked 6th in all-time scoring. Nowitzki was named the 2011 German Sports Personality of the Year, the first basketball player to receive the award

'''Hakeem Olajuwon'''

Hakeem Olajuwon was born in Lagos, Nigeria. He was drafted by the Houston Rockets with the first overall selection of the 1984 NBA draft. He combined with the 7 ft 4 in (2.24 m) Ralph Sampson to form a duo dubbed the "Twin Towers". In 1993–94, he became the only player in NBA history to win the NBA MVP, Defensive Player of the Year, and Finals MVP awards in the same season. He ended his career as the league's all-time leader in blocks. Nicknamed "The Dream", for his grace on and off the court

'''Shaquille O’Neal'''

Shaquille O’Neal was one of the heaviest players ever to play in the NBA. O'Neal played for six teams throughout his 19-year NBA career. He led the Lakers to three consecutive titles (2000, 2001, and 2002), and won a fourth title with Miami Heat in 2006. O'Neal was named MVP of the NBA Finals all three times and had the highest scoring average for a centre in NBA Finals history. In addition to his basketball career, O'Neal has released four rap albums, and has appeared in numerous films

'''Scottie Pippen'''

Scottie Pippen was a member of the Chicago Bulls team from 1987–98, where he won six NBA titles. Pippen, along with Michael Jordan, played an important role in transforming the Bulls team into a championship team and for popularizing the NBA around the world during the 1990s. He is the only player to have won an NBA title and Olympic gold medal in the same year twice (1992, 1996)

'''Bill Russell'''

Bill Russell played center for the Boston Celtics from 1956 to 1969. A five-time NBA MVP and a twelve-time All-Star, he was the centerpiece of the Celtics dynasty, winning a record eleven NBA championships. In 2009, the NBA announced that the NBA Finals Most Valuable Player trophy would be named the Bill Russell NBA Finals Most Valuable Player Award in honor of Russell

'''Dwyane Wade'''

Dwyane Wade has played for Miami Heat since 2003. In his third season, Wade led the Heat to their first NBA championship in franchise history, and he was named the 2006 NBA Finals MVP. At the 2008 Summer Olympics, Wade led the United States men's basketball team, commonly known as the "Redeem Team", in scoring. He won further titles with the Heat in 2012 and 2013

Civilisation/Nobel Prizes

2025-10-15T09:41:01Z

QRNeditor: Added 2025 winners

== Introduction ==
The Nobel Prizes are prizes awarded annually to people (and, in the case of the Peace Prize, to organizations) who have completed outstanding research, invented ground-breaking techniques or equipment, or made an outstanding contribution to society in physics, chemistry, literature, peace, medicine or physiology and economics.

The Prizes were instituted by the Swedish scientist Alfred Nobel through his will. They were first awarded in 1901, five years after Nobel's death. The prize in economics, instituted by the Bank of Sweden, has been awarded since 1969.

Prizes cannot be revoked. Since 1974, no award may be made posthumously.

The Prizes are then awarded at formal ceremonies held annually on December 10, the anniversary of Alfred Nobel's death.

A prize may not be shared among more than three people.

The Peace Prize ceremony has been held at the Norwegian Nobel Institute (1905–1946); the Aula of the University of Oslo (1947–1990); and most recently at the Oslo City Hall. As of 2005, the other Prize ceremonies have been held at the Stockholm Concert Hall.

Since 1902, the King of Sweden has, with the exception of the Peace Prize, presented all the prizes in Stockholm

The Nobel Prize amount is currently set at Swedish kronor (SEK) 11 million per full Nobel Prize

In the history of the Nobel Prize, there have been only four people to have received two Nobel Prizes. These are:

* Marie Curie – Physics (1903) and Chemistry (1911)
* Linus Pauling – Chemistry (1954) and Peace (1962)
* John Bardeen – Physics (1956 and 1972)
* Frederick Sanger – Chemistry (1958 and 1980)
* Barry Sharpless - Chemistry (2001 and 2022)

Frederick Sanger is the only Briton to have received two Nobel Prizes

Only two people have the distinction of being an Oscar winner and a Nobel Laureate –

* George Bernard Shaw, winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1925, won an Oscar for Best Adapted Screenplay in 1938
* Bob Dylan, winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2016, won an Oscar for Best Original Song in 2000

Marie Curie shared her Nobel Prize in Physics (1903) with her husband Pierre Curie (and with Henri Becquerel). Her daughter Irène Joliot-Curie and son-in-law, Frédéric Joliot-Curie, would similarly share a Nobel Prize. She was the sole winner of the 1911 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Curie was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize, and is the only woman to win in two fields, and the only person to win in multiple sciences

Oldest winner – John Goodenough, for Chemistry in 2019. Aged 97

Youngest winner – Malala Yousafzai. Aged 17

Niels Bohr (Physics, 1922) and his son, Aage (Physics, 1975) won Nobel Prizes

Jan and Niko Tinbergen are the only brothers to win Nobel Prizes

William Bragg and his son, Lawrence Bragg, won the prize for Physics in 1915 for their work on X-ray crystallography’

Husband and wife team, May-Britt and Edvard Moser from Norway, won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2014

Ronald Ross was the first Briton to win a Nobel Prize (Physiology or Medicine, 1902) for his work on malaria

Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin was the first woman after Marie Curie to be awarded alone a Nobel Prize in sciences

Hideki Yukawa was the first Japanese to win a Nobel Prize, in 1949

Andre Geim is the only winner of a Nobel Prize and an Ig Nobel prize (for magnetically levitating a frog)

Alfred Michelson was the first American to receive a Nobel Prize in sciences

First Nobel Prize awarded for astronomical research – Ryle and Hewish (Physics) in 1974

Ernest Walton was the first Irishman to win a Nobel Prize in science

Arnold Sommerfeld was nominated for the Nobel Prize 84 times, more than any other physicist (including Otto Stern, who got nominated 82 times), but he never received the award

The husband of Marie Curie's second daughter, Henry Labouisse, was the director of UNICEF when he accepted the Nobel Peace Prize in 1965 on that organisation's behalf

Only two people have been both Nobel laureate and U.S. Vice President – Charles G. Dawes and Al Gore

People who have declined a Nobel Prize –

* John Paul Sartre (Literature, 1964)
* Le Duc Tho (Peace, 1973)

People who were forced to decline a Nobel Prize –

* Richard Kuhn, Adolf Butenandt and Gerhard Domagk – by Hitler
* Boris Pasternak (Literature, 1958) – by the Soviet Union

== Nobel Peace Prize ==
For a list of winners see [[Civilisation/List of Nobel Peace Prize laureates|List of Nobel Peace Prize laureates]]
== Nobel Prize in Literature ==
For a list of winners see [[Civilisation/List of Nobel Prize in Literature laureates|List of Nobel Prize in Literature laureates]]

== Nobel Prize in Physics ==
Niels Bohr (1922) and his son, Aage (1975) both won the Nobel Prize in Physics

William Bragg and his son, Lawrence Bragg, won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1915 for their work on X-ray crystallography’. Lawrence was 25 at the time

Swedish physicists Manne Siegbahn and his son Kai both received the Nobel Prize in Physics

JJ Thomson and his son George Paget Thomson both won the Nobel Prize in Physics

First Nobel Prize awarded for astronomical research was won by Martin Ryle and Anthony Hewish in 1974

Only three women have won the Nobel Prize in physics – Marie Curie in 1903, Maria Goeppert Mayer in 1963 and Donna Strickland in 2018

C.V. Raman was the first Asian person to receive a Nobel Prize in any branch of science

Notable winners
{| class="wikitable"
|1901
|Wilhelm Rontgen
|for the discovery of X-rays
|-
|1903
|Antoine Becquerel, Marie Curie and Pierre Curie
|for their work on radioactivity
|-
|1904
|Lord Rayleigh
|for the discovery of argon
|-
|1906
|JJ Thomson
|for the discovery of the electron
|-
|1907
|Alfred Michelson
|for The Michelson–Morley experiment which proved that the ether does not exist
|-
|1909
|Marconi and Braun
|for their contributions to the development of wireless telegraphy
|-
|1910
|Johannes Diderik van der Waals
|for his work on the equation of state for gases and liquids
|-
|1912
|Gustaf Dalen
|for the invention of automatic regulators for use in conjunction with gas accumulators for illuminating lighthouses and buoys
|-
|1913
|Heike Onnes
|for his investigations on the properties of matter at low temperatures which led to the production of liquid helium
|-
|1914
|Max von Laue
|for his discovery of the diffraction of X-rays by crystals
|-
|1918
|Max Planck
|for his discovery of energy quanta
|-
|1921
|Albert Einstein
|for his services to Theoretical Physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect
|-
|1922
|Niels Bohr
|for his services in the investigation of the structure of atoms and of the radiation emanating from them
|-
|1923
|Robert Millikan
|for his work on the elementary charge of electricity and on the photoelectric effect
|-
|1925
|Franck and Hertz
|for their discovery of the laws governing the impact of an electron upon an atom
|-
|1927
|Charles Wilson

Arthur Compton
|for work on the cloud chamber

for discovery of the Compton effect, which demonstrated the particle nature of electromagnetic radiation
|-
|1929
|Louis de Broglie
|for his discovery of the wave nature of electrons
|-
|1930
|C.V. Raman
|for his work on the scattering of light
|-
|1932
|Werner Heisenberg
|for the creation of quantum mechanics
|-
|1933
|Paul Dirac and Erwin Schrodinger
|for the discovery of new productive forms of atomic theory
|-
|1935
|James Chadwick
|for the discovery of the neutron
|-
|1936
|Carl Anderson

Victor Franz Hess
|for the discovery of the positron

for the discovery of cosmic rays
|-
|1938
|Enrico Fermi
|for his demonstrations of the existence of new radioactive elements produced by neutron irradiation, and for his related discovery of nuclear reactions brought about by slow neutrons
|-
|1939
|Ernest Lawrence
|for the invention of the cyclotron
|-
|1945
|Wolfgang Pauli
|for the discovery of the Exclusion Principle
|-
|1947
|Edward Appleton
|for his investigations of the physics of the upper atmosphere especially for the discovery of the Appleton layer
|-
|1949
|Hideki Yukawa
|for his prediction of the existence of mesons on the basis of theoretical work on nuclear forces
|-
|1951
|Cockcroft and Walton
|for splitting the atom
|-
|1954
|Max Born
|for his fundamental research in quantum mechanics
|-
|1955
|Willis Lamb
|for his discoveries concerning the fine structure of the hydrogen spectrum
|-
|1956
|Bardeen, Brattain and Shockley
|for inventing the transistor
|-
|1958
|Pavel Cherenkov
|for the discovery of Cherenkov radiation
|-
|1959
|Chamberlain and Segre
|for their discovery of the antiproton
|-
|1960
|Donald Glaser
|for the invention of the bubble chamber
|-
|1962
|Lev Landau
|for work on superfluidity
|-
|1963
|Eugene Wigner

Johannes Jensen and Maria Goeppert Mayer
|for laying the foundation for the theory of symmetries in quantum mechanics

for proposing the nuclear shell model of the atomic nucleus
|-
|1965
|Richard Feynman
|for his work on quantum electrodynamics
|-
|1966
|Lee, Osheroff and Richardson
|for the discovery of superfluidity in helium-3
|-
|1967
|Hans Bethe
|for his contributions to the theory of nuclear reactions, especially his discoveries concerning the energy production in stars
|-
|1968
|Luis Walter Alvarez
|for his decisive contributions to elementary particle physics
|-
|1969
|Murray Gell-Mann
|for his contributions and discoveries concerning the classification of elementary particles and their interactions
|-
|1971
|Dennis Gabor
|for his invention and development of the holographic method
|-
|1972
|Bardeen, Cooper and Schriffer
|for the theory of superconductivity
|-
|1973
|Brian Josephson
|for his pioneering theoretical work on superconductivity
|-
|1974
|Martin Ryle and Anthony Hewish
|for their pioneering research in radio astrophysics
|-
|1978
|Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson
|for their discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation
|-
|1979
|Glashow, Salem and Weinberg
|for their contributions to the theory of the unified weak and electromagnetic interaction between elementary particles
|-
|1983
|Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar
|for his theoretical studies of the physical processes of importance to the structure and evolution of the stars
|-
|1986
|Gerd Binnig, Heinrich Rohrer and Ernst Ruska
|for their design of the scanning tunneling microscope (Binnig and Rohrer) and the electron microscope (Ruska)
|-
|1995
|Martin Perl and Frederick Reines
|for the discovery of the tau lepton (Perl) and the neutrino (Reines)
|-
|2000
|Jack Kilby
|for the invention of the integrated circuit
|-
|2006
|John Mather and George Smoot
|for their discovery of the blackbody form and anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background radiation
|-
|2010
|Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov
|for groundbreaking experiments regarding graphene
|-
|2011
|Perlmutter, Schmidt and Riess
|for the discovery of the accelerating expansion of the universe through observations of distant supernovae
|-
|2014
|Akasaki, Amano and Nakamura
|for the invention of efficient blue light-emitting diodes
|}

== Nobel Prize in Chemistry ==
Notable Winners
{| class="wikitable"
|1901
|Jacobus H. van ’t Hoff
|for his work on osmotic pressure
|-
|1902
|Hermann Fischer
|for his work on sugar and purine synthesis
|-
|1903
|Svante Arrhenius
|For his electrolytic theory of dissociation
|-
|1904
|William Ramsay
|for his discovery of the inert gaseous elements in air
|-
|1905
|Adolf von Baeyer
|for his work on organic dyes
|-
|1906
|Henri Moissan
|for his work in isolating fluorine from its compounds
|-
|1908
|Ernest Rutherford
|for his investigations into the disintegration of the elements, and the chemistry of radioactive substances
|-
|1909
|Wilhelm Ostwald
|for his work on catalysis
|-
|1911
|Marie Curie
|for the discovery of radium and polonium
|-
|1912
|Victor Grignard
|for the discovery of the Grignard reagent
|-
|1918
|Fritz Haber
|for the synthesis of ammonia from its elements
|-
|1921
|Frederick Soddy
|for his investigations into the origin and nature of isotopes
|-
|1935
|Frederic Joliet and Irene Joliet-Curie
|for their synthesis of new radioactive elements
|-
|1944
|Otto Hahn
|for his discovery of the fission of heavy nuclei
|-
|1951
|Glenn Seaborg and Edwin McMillan
|for discoveries in the chemistry of the transuranium elements
|-
|1958
|Frederick Sanger
|for his work on the structure of proteins, especially that of insulin
|-
|1960
|Willard Libby
|for his method to use carbon-14 for age determination
|-
|1961
|Melvin Calvin
|for his research on the carbon dioxide assimilation in plants
|-
|1964
|Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin
|for the discovery of the structure of vitamin B12
|-
|1965
|Robert Burns Woodward
|for the synthesis natural products including vitamin B12
|-
|1980
|Frederick Sanger
|for the determination of base sequences in nucleic acids
|-
|1993
|Kary Mullis
|for his invention of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method
|-
|1995
|Crutzen, Molina and Rowland
|for their work in atmospheric chemistry, particularly concerning the formation and decomposition of ozone
|-
|2020
|Emmanuelle Charpentier and Jennifer Doudna
|for the development of a method for genome editing
|}

== Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine ==
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine is awarded yearly by the Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institute

Husband and wife team Carl and Gerti Cori from Czechoslovakia won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1947. Gerti Cori was first female winner of the prize

Husband and wife team, May-Britt and Edvard Moser from Norway, won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2014

Elizabeth Blackburn became the first Australian woman Nobel laureate in 2009 for her discovery of telomerase

Tu Youyou was the first Chinese woman Nobel laureate

In 2011, Ralph Steinman was awarded the prize; however, unknown to the committee, he had died three days before the announcement

Notable Winners
{| class="wikitable"
|1901
|Emil von Behring
|for discovery of a diphtheria antitoxin
|-
|1902
|Ronald Ross
|For his work on the transmission of malaria
|-
|1904
|Ivan Pavlov
|for research pertaining to the digestive system
|-
|1905
|Robert Koch
|for his tuberculosis findings
|-
|1906
|Camillo Golgi and Santiago Ramon y Cajal
|in recognition of their work on the structure of the nervous system
|-
|1908
|Paul Ehrlich
|for work on immunity
|-
|1923
|Banting and Macleod
|for the discovery of insulin. Banting shared the award with Best
|-
|1929
|Frederick Hopkins
|for the discovery of vitamins
|-
|1930
|Karl Landsteiner
|for his discovery of human blood groups
|-
|1932
|Sherrington and Adrian
|for their discoveries regarding the functions of neurons
|-
|1933
|Thomas Hunt Morgan
|for his discoveries concerning the role played by the chromosome in heredity
|-
|1936
|Otto Loewi and Henry Dale
|for their discoveries relating to chemical transmission of nerve impulses
|-
|1943
|Henrik Dam and Edward Doisy
|for the discovery of Vitamin K
|-
|1945
|Fleming, Chain and Florey
|for the discovery of penicillin and its curative effect in various infectious diseases
|-
|1948
|Paul Muller
|for his discovery of the high efficiency of DDT as a contact poison
|-
|1949
|Antonio Moniz
|for his discovery of the therapeutic value of leucotomy (lobotomy) in certain psychoses
|-
|1952
|Selman Waksman
|for his discovery of streptomycin, the first antibiotic effective against tuberculosis
|-
|1953
|Hans Krebs
|for his discovery of the citric acid cycle
|-
|1958
|George Beadle and Edward Tatum
|for their discovery of the role of genes in regulating biochemical events within cells
|-
|1960
|Peter Medawar and Frank Burnet
|for the discovery of acquired immunological tolerance
|-
|1962
|Crick, Watson, and Wilkins
|for discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material
|-
|1965
|Jacques Monod and Francois Jacob
|their discoveries concerning genetic control of enzyme and virus synthesis
|-
|1973
|Niko Tinbergen, Karl von Frisch and Konrad Lorenz
|for their discoveries concerning social behaviour patterns in animals
|-
|1983
|Barbara McClintock
|for the discovery of jumping genes
|-
|1988
|James W Black
|for the development of beta-blockers
|-
|1993
|Richard Roberts and Philip Sharp
|for the discovery of split genes
|-
|2001
|Hunt, Nurse and Brenner
|for their discoveries of key regulators of the cell cycle
|-
|2003
|Peter Mansfield and Paul Lauterbur
|for discoveries concerning Magnetic Resonance Imaging
|-
|2008
|Francoise Barre-Sinoussi and Luc Montagnier
|for the discovery of HIV
|-
|2010
|Robert Edwards
|for the development of in vitro fertilization
|-
|2015
|Tu Youyou
|for her discoveries concerning a novel therapy against malaria
|-
|2022
|Svante Paabo
|for his discoveries concerning the genomes of extinct hominins and human evolution
|}

== Nobel Prize in Economics ==
Full name of Nobel Prize in Economics is “Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel”

Nobel Prize in Economics in 2019 awarded to Abhijit Banerjee and Esther Duflo, who are the sixth married couple to jointly win a Nobel Prize

Notable Winners
{| class="wikitable"
|1969
|Ragnar Frisch and Jan Tinbergen
|for work on econometrics
|-
|1970
|Paul Samuelson
|First American winner
|-
|1972
|John Hicks
|First British winner
|-
|1973
|Wassily Leontief
|Identified the paradox that the U.S. (the most capital-abundant country in the world by any criteria) exported labour-intensive commodities and imported capital-intensive commodities
|-
|1974
|Friedrich Hayek
|for work in the theory of money and economic fluctuations
|-
|1976
|Milton Friedman
|
|-
|1981
|James Tobin
|
|-
|1994
|John Nash
|Game theory
|-
|1998
|Amartya Sen
|for his contributions to welfare economics
|-
|2008
|Paul Krugman
|for his contributions to New Trade Theory and New Economic Geography
|-
|2009
|Elinor Ostrom
|First woman to win
|-
|2017
|Richard Thaler
|Nudge theory
|-
|2019
|Abhijit Banerjee and Esther Duflo
|Second woman to win
|-
|2020
|Paul Milgrom and Robert Wilson
|for improvements to auction theory and inventions of new auction formats
|-
|2022
|Ben Bernanke, Douglas Diamond, and Philip Dybvig
|for research on banks and financial crises
|-
|2023
|Claudia Goldin
|for advancing understanding of women’s labour market outcomes
|}

== Nobel Prize Winners in 2025 ==
{| class="wikitable"
|Peace
|Maria Corina Machado (Venezuela)
|-
|Literature
|László Krasznahorkai (Hungary)
|-
|Physics
|John Clarke, Michel H. Devoret and John M. Martinis “for the discovery of macroscopic quantum mechanical tunnelling and energy quantisation in an electric circuit”
|-
|Chemistry
|Susumu Kitagawa, Richard Robson and Omar M. Yaghi “for the development of metal-organic frameworks”
|-
|Physiology or Medicine
|Mary E. Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell and Shimon Sakaguchi “for their discoveries concerning peripheral immune tolerance”
|-
|Economics
|Joel Mokyr, Philippe Aghion and Peter Howitt “for having identified the prerequisites for sustained growth through technological progress”
|}

Civilisation/List of Nobel Prize in Literature laureates

2025-10-15T09:38:04Z

QRNeditor: Added 2025 winner

{| class="wikitable"
|1901
|Sully Prudhomme
|France
|Poet and essayist
|-
|1902
|Theodore Mommsen
|Germany
|principally for ''The History of Rome''
|-
|1903
|Bjornstjerne Bjornson
|Norway
|Poet
|-
|1904
|Frederic Mistral

Jose Eshegaray
|France

Spain
|Poet

Dramatist
|-
|1905
|Henryk Sienkiewicz
|Poland
|Author of ''Quo Vadis''
|-
|1906
|Giosue Carducci
|Italy
|Regarded as the official national poet of modern Italy
|-
|1907
|Rudyard Kipling
|UK
|First British winner. Born in British India. Youngest person to win the award (aged 41)
|-
|1908
|Rudolf Christoph Eucken
|Germany
|Philosopher
|-
|1909
|Selma Lagerlof
|Sweden
|First female winner. ''Gosta Berling’s Saga'' – debut novel
|-
|1910
|Paul von Heyse
|Germany
|
|-
|1911
|Maurice Maeterlinck
|Belgium
|Symbolist playwright. Works include ''Pelleas et Melisande'' and ''The Blue Bird''
|-
|1912
|Gerhart Hauptmann
|Germany
|
|-
|1913
|Rabindranath Tagore
|India
|First non-European winner. Bengali polymath born in Calcutta
|-
|1914
|Not awarded
|
|
|-
|1915
|Romain Rolland
|France
|Supporter of Josef Stalin. Corresponded with Sigmund Freud
|-
|1916
|Verner von Heidenstam
|Sweden
|
|-
|1917
|Karl Adolph Gjellerup

Henrik Pontoppidan
|Denmark

Denmark
|Both writers were associated with the Modern Breakthrough period of Scandinavian literature
|-
|1918
|Not awarded
|
|
|-
|1919
|Carl Spitteler
|Switzerland
|principally for ''Olympian Spring''
|-
|1920
|Knut Hamsun
|Norway
|
|-
|1921
|Anatole France
|France
|
|-
|1922
|Jacinto Benavente
|Spain
|
|-
|1923
|W. B. Yeats
|Ireland
|“for his always inspired poetry, which in a highly artistic form gives expression to the spirit of a whole nation”. First Irish winner
|-
|1924
|Wladyslaw Reymont
|Poland
|
|-
|1925
|George Bernard Shaw
|Ireland
|"for his work which is marked by both idealism and humanity, its stimulating satire often being infused with a singular poetic beauty"
|-
|1926
|Grazia Deledda
|Italy
|Second female winner
|-
|1927
|Henri Bergson
|France
|Philosopher
|-
|1928
|Sigrid Undset
|Norway
|
|-
|1929
|Thomas Mann
|Germany
|principally for ''Buddenbrooks''
|-
|1930
|Sinclair Lewis
|USA
|First American winner
|-
|1931
|Erik Axel Karlfeldt
|Sweden
|Died in April 1931. Awarded posthumously
|-
|1932
|John Galsworthy
|UK
|principally for ''The Forsyte Saga''. Second British winner
|-
|1933
|Ivan Bunin
|Russian empire
|First Russian winner
|-
|1934
|Luigi Pirandello
|Italy
|Author of ''Six Characters in Search of An Author''
|-
|1935
|Not awarded
|
|
|-
|1936
|Eugene O’Neill
|USA
|Second American winner
|-
|1937
|Roger Martin du Gard
|France
|
|-
|1938
|Pearl S. Buck
|USA
|"for her rich and truly epic descriptions of peasant life in China". First female American winner
|-
|1939
|Frans Eemil Sillanpaa
|Finland
|
|-
|1940
|Not awarded
|
|
|-
|1941
|Not awarded
|
|
|-
|1942
|Not awarded
|
|
|-
|1943
|Not awarded
|
|
|-
|1944
|Johannes V. Jensen
|Denmark
|
|-
|1945
|Gabriela Mistral
|Chile
|First Latin American winner
|-
|1946
|Hermann Hesse
|Germany
|Also had Swiss citizenship
|-
|1947
|Andre Gide
|France
|
|-
|1948
|T.S. Eliot
|UK
|"for his outstanding, pioneer contribution to present-day poetry". Born in St. Louis, Missouri
|-
|1949
|William Faulkner
|USA
|Considered the greatest writer of Southern literature
|-
|1950
|Bertrand Russell
|UK
|Mathematician, philosopher, and logician
|-
|1951
|Par Lagerkvist
|Sweden
|
|-
|1952
|Francois Mauriac
|France
|
|-
|1953
|Winston Churchill
|UK
|"for his mastery of historical and biographical description as well as for brilliant oratory in defending exalted human values"
|-
|1954
|Ernest Hemingway
|USA
|principally for ''The Old Man and the Sea''
|-
|1955
|Halldor Laxness
|Iceland
|First Nobel Prize winner from Iceland
|-
|1956
|Juan Ramon Jimenez
|Spain
|
|-
|1957
|Albert Camus
|France
|Born in French Algeria. First African-born winner
|-
|1958
|Boris Pasternak
|Soviet Union
|Forced to decline the prize by the Soviet Union
|-
|1959
|Salvatore Quasimodo
|Italy
|for his lyrical poetry
|-
|1960
|Saint-John Perse
|France
|French diplomat from 1914 to 1940
|-
|1961
|Ivo Andric
|Yugoslavia
|Born in Austria-Hungary, modern-day Bosnia and Herzegovina
|-
|1962
|John Steinbeck
|USA
|Steinbeck was a "compromise choice" as there were no obvious candidates
|-
|1963
|Georgos Seferis
|Greece
|Born in the Ottoman Empire. Greek Ambassador to the UK from 1957 to 1962
|-
|1964
|John-Paul Sartre
|France
|Attempted to refuse the award, saying that he always declined official honours and that "a writer should not allow himself to be turned into an institution"
|-
|1965
|Mikhail Sholokhov
|Soviet Union
|Principally for ''And Quiet Flows the Don''
|-
|1966
|Shmuel Yosef Agnon

Nelly Sachs
|Israel

Germany
|for their works about the Jewish people
|-
|1967
|Miguel Angel Asturias
|Guatemala
|poet-diplomat, novelist, and playwright
|-
|1968
|Yasunari Kawabata
|Japan
|First Japanese winner
|-
|1969
|Samuel Beckett
|Ireland
|Lived in Paris, and wrote in both French and English
|-
|1970
|Alexander Solzhenitsyn
|Russia
|helped to raise global awareness of political repression in the Soviet Union, in particular the Gulag system
|-
|1971
|Pablo Neruda
|Chile
|Considered the national poet of Chile
|-
|1972
|Heinrich Boll
|West Germany
|
|-
|1973
|Patrick White
|Australia
|First Australian winner. Born in London
|-
|1974
|Eyvind Johnson

Harry Martinson
|Sweden

Sweden
|
|-
|1975
|Eugenio Montale
|Italy
|
|-
|1976
|Saul Bellow
|USA
|is the only writer to win the National Book Award for Fiction three times. Born in Canada
|-
|1977
|Vicente Aleixandre
|Spain
|was part of the Generation of '27
|-
|1978
|Isaac Bashevis Singer
|USA
|wrote and published first in Yiddish. Born in Poland
|-
|1979
|Odysseas Elytis
|Greece
|
|-
|1980
|Czeslaw Milosz
|Poland
|Born in the Russian empire
|-
|1981
|Elias Canetti
|Bulgaria
|moved to England to escape Nazi persecution and became a British citizen in 1952
|-
|1982
|Gabriel Garcia Marquez
|Colombia
|popularised the literary style known as magic realism
|-
|1983
|William Golding
|UK
|
|-
|1984
|Jaroslav Siefert
|Czechoslovakia
|
|-
|1985
|Claude Simon
|France
|Born in Madagascar
|-
|1986
|Wole Soyinka
|Nigeria
|First winner from sub-Saharan Africa
|-
|1987
|Joseph Brodsky
|Soviet Union
|was expelled from the Soviet Union in 1972, settling in the United States
|-
|1988
|Naguib Mahfouz
|Egypt
|First Arab writer to win
|-
|1989
|Camilo Jose Cela
|Spain
|was associated with the Generation of '36 movement.
|-
|1990
|Octavio Paz
|Mexico
|Poet and diplomat
|-
|1991
|Nadine Gordimer
|South Africa
|First South African winner. Her writing dealt with moral and racial issues, particularly apartheid
|-
|1992
|Derek Walcott
|Saint Lucia
|Author of the epic poem ''Omeros''
|-
|1993
|Toni Morrison
|USA
|First Afro-American winner
|-
|1994
|Kenzaburo Oe
|Japan
|
|-
|1995
|Seamus Heaney
|Ireland
|''District and Circle'' won the T. S. Eliot Prize in 2006
|-
|1996
|Wislawa Szymborska
|Poland
|
|-
|1997
|Dario Fo
|Italy
|"who emulates the jesters of the Middle Ages in scourging authority"
|-
|1998
|Jose Saramago
|Portugal
|
|-
|1999
|Gunter Grass
|Germany
|Born in the Free City of Danzig (now Gdansk, Poland
|-
|2000
|Gao Xingjian
|China
|has been a French citizen since 1998
|-
|2001
|V.S. Naipaul
|UK
|Born in Trinidad
|-
|2002
|Imre Kertesz
|Hungary
|His works deal with themes of the Holocaust
|-
|2003
|J.M. Coetzee
|South Africa
|Has been an Australian citizen since 2006
|-
|2004
|Elfriede Jelinek
|Austria
|
|-
|2005
|Harold Pinter
|UK
|"who in his plays uncovers the precipice under everyday prattle and forces entry into oppression's closed rooms"
|-
|2006
|Orhan Pamuk
|Turkey
|First Turkish Nobel laureate
|-
|2007
|Doris Lessing
|UK
|Born in Iran, moved to Zimbabwe, where she remained until moving to England in 1949. Oldest winner (aged 87)
|-
|2008
|J.M.G. Le Clezio
|France
|
|-
|2009
|Herta Muller
|Germany
|Born in Romania. Many of her works are told from the viewpoint of the German minority in Romania
|-
|2010
|Mario Vargas Llosa
|Peru
|
|-
|2011
|Tomas Transtromer
|Sweden
|
|-
|2012
|Mo Yan
|China
|Pen name of Guan Moye. Author of ''Red Sorghum''
|-
|2013
|Alice Munro
|Canada
|Short stories, mostly set in Huron County, Ontario
|-
|2014
|Patrick Modiano
|France
|Many works about the Occupation of France in World War II
|-
|2015
|Svetlana Alexievich
|Belarus
|Her books trace the emotional history of the Soviet Union through collages of interviews. Born in Ukraine
|-
|2016
|Bob Dylan
|USA
|"for having created new poetic expressions within the great American song tradition"
|-
|2017
|Kazuo Ishiguro
|UK
|Born in Japan. UK citizen since 1983
|-
|2018
|Olga Tokarczuk
|Poland
|
|-
|2019
|Peter Handke
|Austria
|
|-
|2020
|Louise Gluck
|USA
|US Poet Laureate from 2003 to 2004
|-
|2021
|Abdulrazak Gurnah
|UK
|moved to the UK in the 1960s as a refugee during the Zanzibar Revolution
|-
|2022
|Annie Ernaux
|France
|
|-
|2023
|Jon Fosse
|Norway
|
|-
|2024
|Han Kang
|South Korea
|First female Asian winner
|-
|2025
|László Krasznahorkai
|Hungary
|
|}

Civilisation/List of Nobel Peace Prize laureates

2025-10-15T09:35:13Z

QRNeditor: Added 2025 winner

{| class="wikitable"
|1901
|Henry Dunant

Frederic Passy
|Henry Dunant was a Swiss businessman and co-founder the International Red Cross Movement

Frederic Passy was a French economist and pacifist who was a founding member of several peace societies
|-
|1902
|Elie Ducommun

Charles Albert Gobat
|
|-
|1903
|Randal Cremer
|First British winner. Cremer was a leading advocate for international arbitration
|-
|1904
|Institute of International Law
|Founded in Ghent in 1873
|-
|1905
|Bertha von Suttner
|First female winner. Von Suttner was an Austrian-Bohemian pacifist
|-
|1906
|Theodore Roosevelt
|for brokering the Treaty of Portsmouth. First American winner
|-
|1907
|Ernesto Teodoro Moneta

Louis Renault
|
|-
|1908
|Klas Pontus Arnoldson and Fredrik Bajer
|
|-
|1909
|Auguste Beernaert and Paul Henri Balluet d'Estournelles de Constant
|Auguste Beernaert was the prime minister of Belgium from 1884 to 1894
|-
|1910
|Permanent International Peace Bureau
|Founded in 1891
|-
|1911
|Tobias Asser

Alfred Hermann Fried
|

Alfred Hermann Fried was an Austrian Jewish pacifist and co-founder of the German Peace Society
|-
|1912
|Elihu Root
|American politician who served as Secretary of State and Secretary of War
|-
|1913
|Henri La Fontaine
|President of the International Peace Bureau
|-
|1914
|Not awarded
|World War I
|-
|1915
|Not awarded
|World War I
|-
|1916
|Not awarded
|World War I
|-
|1917
|International Committee of the Red Cross
|Founded in 1863. Based in Geneva
|-
|1918
|Not awarded
|World War I
|-
|1919
|Woodrow Wilson
|for his role as founder of the League of Nations
|-
|1920
|Leon Bourgeois
|For his role in establishing the League of Nations
|-
|1921
|Hjalmar Branting and Christian Lange
|Hjalmar Branting was prime minister of Sweden
|-
|1922
|Fridtjof Nansen
|for his work on behalf of the displaced victims of World War I and related conflicts. Among the initiatives he introduced was the "Nansen passport" for stateless persons
|-
|1923
|Not awarded
|
|-
|1924
|Not awarded
|
|-
|1925
|Austen Chamberlain

Charles G. Dawes
|for his role in bringing about the Locarno Treaties aimed at preventing war between France and Germany

for his role in bringing about the Dawes Plan for World War I reparations
|-
|1926
|Aristide Briand and Gustav Stresemann
|for their role in bringing about the Locarno Treaties
|-
|1927
|Ferdinand Buisson and Ludwig Quidde
|
|-
|1928
|Not awarded
|
|-
|1929
|Frank B. Kellogg
|for bringing about the Kellogg-Briand Pact, officially the General Treaty for Renunciation of War as an Instrument of National Policy, along with Aristide Briand
|-
|1930
|Nathan Soderblom
|
|-
|1931
|Jane Addams and Nicholas Butler
|Jane Addams was the first American female winner
|-
|1932
|Not awarded
|
|-
|1933
|Norman Angell
|Author of ''The Great Illusion'', which argued that war was economically and socially irrational
|-
|1934
|Arthur Henderson
|for his work for the League of Nations in disarmament
|-
|1935
|Carl von Ossietzky
|for his struggle against Germany's rearmament
|-
|1936
|Carlos Saavedra Lamas
|First Latin American winner. Author of the Argentine Antiwar Pact
|-
|1937
|Viscount Cecil
|for his work with the League of Nations
|-
|1938
|Nansen International Office for Refugees
|Established in 1930 by the League of Nations and named after Fridtjof Nansen
|-
|1939
|Not awarded
|World War II
|-
|1940
|Not awarded
|World War II
|-
|1941
|Not awarded
|World War II
|-
|1942
|Not awarded
|World War II
|-
|1943
|Not awarded
|World War II
|-
|1944
|International Committee of the Red Cross
|Second award
|-
|1945
|Cordell Hull
|for his role in establishing the United Nations
|-
|1946
|Emily Greene Balch

John Mott
|
|-
|1947
|The Quakers
|Represented by the British Friends Service Council and the American Friends Service Committee
|-
|1948
|Not awarded
|Mahatma Gandhi was nominated in 1948 but was assassinated before nominations closed. The committee chose not to award the peace prize stating that "there was no suitable living candidate"
|-
|1949
|Lord Boyd-Orr
|for his scientific research into nutrition
|-
|1950
|Ralph Bunche
|for his work as mediator in Palestine. First African American to win
|-
|1951
|Leon Jouhaux
|
|-
|1952
|Albert Schweitzer
|For his philosophy of "Reverence for Life". Founded a hospital in Gabon in 1913
|-
|1953
|George Marshall
|for the European Recovery Program, known as The Marshall Plan
|-
|1954
|United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)
|Founded in 1950. Based in Geneva
|-
|1955
|Not awarded
|
|-
|1956
|Not awarded
|
|-
|1957
|Lester B. Pearson
|for organizing the United Nations Emergency Force to resolve the Suez Canal Crisis. Prime minister of Canada
|-
|1958
|Dominique Pire
|
|-
|1959
|Philip Noel-Baker
|The only person to have won an Olympic medal (a silver medal for the 1500m at the 1920 Summer Olympics) and received a Nobel Prize
|-
|1960
|Albert Luthuli
|President of the African National Congress (ANC). First African-born recipient
|-
|1961
|Dag Hammarskjold
|served as the second Secretary-General of the United Nations from 1953 until his death in a plane crash in 1961. The only posthumous recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize
|-
|1962
|Linus Pauling
|for his campaign against nuclear weapons testing. Also won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry
|-
|1963
|International Committee of the Red Cross and League of Red Cross Societies
|Third award
|-
|1964
|Martin Luther King
|for combating racial inequality through nonviolent resistance
|-
|1965
|United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF)
|Founded in 1946. Based in New York. Now known officially as United Nations Children's Fund
|-
|1966
|Not awarded
|
|-
|1967
|Not awarded
|
|-
|1968
|Rene Cassin
|for co-authoring the Universal Declaration of Human Rights
|-
|1969
|International Labour Organization
|Founded in 1919. Based in Geneva
|-
|1970
|Norman Borlaug
|for developing strains of high-yielding, disease-resistant wheat for developing countries – the Green Revolution
|-
|1971
|Willy Brandt
|Chancellor of West Germany
|-
|1972
|Not awarded
|
|-
|1973
|Henry Kissinger and Le Duc Tho
|for jointly having negotiated a cease fire in Vietnam. Le Duc Tho was the first Asian to be awarded the Nobel Peace Prize, but refused the award
|-
|1974
|Sean MacBride

Eisaku Sato
|Sean MacBride also won the Lenin Peace Prize

Eisaku Sato brought Japan into the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty
|-
|1975
|Andrei Sakharov
|for his struggle for human rights in the Soviet Union. The Sakharov Prize is named in his honour
|-
|1976
|Betty Williams and Mairead Corrigan
|Founders of the Northern Ireland Peace Movement
|-
|1977
|Amnesty International
|Founded in 1961 by Peter Benenson. Based in London
|-
|1978
|Anwar Sadat and Menachem Begin
|for jointly having negotiated peace between Egypt and Israel. Anwar Sadat was first Muslim Nobel laureate
|-
|1979
|Mother Teresa
|Founder of Missionaries of Charity. Born in Spokje
|-
|1980
|Adolfo Perez Esquivel
|or his opposition to Argentina's last civil-military dictatorship
|-
|1981
|United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)
|Second award
|-
|1982
|Alva Myrdal and Alfonso Garcia Robles
|for their work for disarmament and nuclear and weapon-free zones
|-
|1983
|Lech Walesa
|Founder of the Solidarity trade union movement in Gdansk, Poland
|-
|1984
|Desmond Tutu
|for his role in the campaign to resolve the problem of apartheid in South Africa
|-
|1985
|International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War (IPPNW)
|Founded in 1990. Based in Boston
|-
|1986
|Elie Wiesel
|Born in Romania. Holocaust survivor
|-
|1987
|Oscar Arias
|for his work for lasting peace in Central America. President of Costa Rica
|-
|1988
|United Nations Peacekeeping
|Founded in 1945
|-
|1889
|Tenzin Gyatso, 14th Dalai Lama
|for the struggle of the liberation of Tibet and the efforts for a peaceful resolution
|-
|1990
|Mikhail Gorbachev
|for the leading role he played in the radical changes in East-West relations
|-
|1991
|Aung San Suu Kyi
|for her non-violent struggle for democracy and human rights
|-
|1992
|Rigoberta Menchu
|for her advocacy and social justice work for the indigenous peoples of Latin America. Born in Guatemala
|-
|1993
|Nelson Mandela and Frederik de Klerk
|for their work for the peaceful termination of the apartheid regime in South Africa
|-
|1994
|Yasser Arafat, Yitzhak Rabin and Shimon Peres
|for their efforts to create peace in the Middle East
|-
|1995
|Joseph Rotblat and the Pugwash Conferences
|for their efforts to eliminate nuclear weapons. Joseph Rotblat was a

Polish physicist. Pugwash is a village in Nova Scotia, Canada
|-
|1996
|Carlos Belo and Jose Ramos-Horta
|for their work towards a just and peaceful solution to the conflict in East Timor. Ramos-Horta was president of East Timor from 2007 to 2012
|-
|1997
|International Campaign to Ban Landmines (ICBL) and Jody Williams
|Founded in 1992
|-
|1998
|John Hume and David Trimble
|for their efforts to find a peaceful solution to the conflict in Northern Ireland
|-
|1999
|Medicins Sans Frontieres
|Founded in Paris in 1971. Also known as Doctors Without Borders
|-
|2000
|Kim Dae Jung
|for his work for democracy and human rights in South Korea
|-
|2001
|United Nations and Kofi Annan
|Kofi Annan was a Ghanaian diplomat who served as the seventh secretary-general of the United Nations from 1997 to 2006
|-
|2002
|Jimmy Carter
|for his humanitarian work
|-
|2003
|Shirin Ebadi
|Iranian human rights activist. First Muslim female winner
|-
|2004
|Wangari Maathai
|Kenyan environmentalist and political activist. First African female winner
|-
|2005
|International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and Mohamed ElBaradei (Egypt)
|for their efforts to prevent nuclear energy from being used for military purposes
|-
|2006
|Muhammad Yunus and Grameen Bank
|for microcredit and microfinance work in Bangladesh
|-
|2007
|Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and Al Gore
|for contributions to the understanding of climate change
|-
|2008
|Martti Ahtisaari
|for his efforts to resolve international conflicts. President of Finland from 1994 to 2000
|-
|2009
|Barack Obama
|for his efforts to strengthen international diplomacy
|-
|2010
|Liu Xiaobo
|for his struggle for fundamental human rights in China
|-
|2011
|Ellen Johnson Sirleaf (Liberia), Leymah Gbowee (Liberia) and Tawakkul Karman (Yemen)
|for their non-violent struggle for the safety of women and for women's rights
|-
|2012
|European Union
|Founded in 1958
|-
|2013
|Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW)
|Founded in 1997. Based in The Hague
|-
|2014
|Malala Yousafzai (Pakistan) and Kailash Satyarthi (India)
|for the right of all children to education. Awarded when she was 17, Malala Yousafzai is the world's youngest Nobel Prize laureate
|-
|2015
|Tunisian National Dialogue Quartet
|for its contribution to the building of a democracy in Tunisia in the wake of the Jasmine Revolution
|-
|2016
|Juan Manuel Santos
|for his efforts to bring Colombia’s civil war to an end
|-
|2017
|International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons (ICAN)
|Founded in Melbourne in 2007
|-
|2018
|Dennis Mugwege (DR Congo) and Nadia Murad (Iraq)
|for their efforts to end the use of sexual violence as a weapon of war and armed conflict
|-
|2019
|Abiy Ahmed Ai
|for his work in ending the 20-year post-war territorial stalemate between Ethiopia and Eritrea. Prime Minister of Ethiopia since 2018
|-
|2020
|World Food Programme
|Founded in 1961. Based in Rome
|-
|2021
|Maria Ressa (Philippines) and Dmitry Muratov (Russia)
|for their efforts to safeguard freedom of expression. Ressa and Muratov are both journalists
|-
|2022
|Ales Bialiatski (Belarus), Memorial (Russia), and the Center for Civil Liberties (Ukraine)
|Civil rights campaigners
|-
|2023
|Narges Mohammadi (Iran)
|Jailed human rights activist
|-
|2024
|Nihon Hidankyo (Japan)
|Survivors of the atomic bombings of 1945 who campaign for the abolition of nuclear weapons
|-
|2025
|Maria Corina Machado (Venezuela)
|Venezuelan opposition leader and democracy campaigner
|}

Art and Culture/Religion

2025-10-09T10:45:18Z

QRNeditor: Added new Archbishop of Canterbury

'''Major schools of religion'''

1) Dharmic religions are a family of religions which originated in the Indian subcontinent. They encompass the Vedic religion (now Hinduism), Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism

2) Abrahamic religion is a term of Islamic/Muslim/Quranic origin, commonly used to designate the three prevalent monotheistic religions – Judaism, Christianity, and Islam – which claim Abraham as a part of their sacred history

3) Taoic religion is a religion, or religious philosophy, that focuses on the East Asian concept of Tao. This forms a large group of religions including Taoism, Confucianism and Shinto

The World Factbook (2013) gives the distribution of religions as Christian 31.50% (of which Roman Catholic 16.85%, Protestant 6.15%, Orthodox 3.96%, Anglican 1.26%), Muslim 23.20% (of which Sunni 75-90%, Shia 10-20%, Ahmadi 1%), Hindu 13.8%, Buddhist 6.77%, Sikh 0.35%, Jewish 0.22%, Baha'i 0.11%, other religions 10.95%, non-religious 9.66%, atheists 2.01%

== Christianity ==
A bishop (from the New Testament Greek for "overseer", "guardian") is an ordained or consecrated member of the Christian clergy who is generally entrusted with a position of authority and oversight. The traditional role of a bishop is as pastor of a diocese (also called a bishopric, synod, eparchy or see)

A suffragan bishop is a bishop subordinate to a metropolitan bishop or diocesan bishop. They may be assigned to an area which does not have a cathedral of its own

A primate is usually the bishop of the oldest church of a nation

The highest-ranking bishops in Eastern Orthodoxy, Oriental Orthodoxy, the Roman Catholic Church and the Assyrian Church of the East are called patriarchs

Traditionally, a number of items are associated with the office of a bishop, most notably the mitre, crosier, and ecclesiastical ring

Bishop is one ‘higher’ than archdeacon

Cardinal is an ordained bishop of the Roman Catholic Church

Bishops Conference – an assembly of Roman Catholic bishops

An archbishop is the bishop of an archdiocese. This is usually a prestigious diocese with an important place in local church history

Ecumenical Council or general council is a meeting of the bishops of the whole church convened to discuss and settle matters of Church doctrine and practice. The first ecumenical council was the First Council of Nicaea, in 325. Led to the adoption of the Nicene Creed

Deacon is a ministry in the Christian Church that is generally associated with service of some kind

Doctor of the Church is a title given by a variety of Christian churches to individuals whom they recognize as having been of particular importance, particularly regarding their contribution to theology or doctrine

Augustine of Canterbury was a Benedictine monk who became the first '''Archbishop of Canterbury''' in the year 597. He is considered the ‘Apostle to the English’ and a founder of the English Church. Augustine was the prior of a monastery in Rome when Pope Gregory the Great chose him in 595 to lead a mission, usually known as the Gregorian mission, to Britain to convert the pagan King Aethelberht of the Kingdom of Kent to Christianity. Landed at Pegwell Bay in Kent in 597

Marble chair on which Archbishop of Canterbury is enthroned is named after St Augustine

St Laurence was the second Archbishop of Canterbury

St Mellitus was the third Archbishop of Canterbury

Court of Arches is the court of appeal of the Archbishop of Canterbury

Lambeth Conferences are held every 10 years. Assemblies of bishops of the Anglican Communion convened by the Archbishop of Canterbury

John Whitgift was the Archbishop of Canterbury from 1583 to his death in 1604

Frederick Temple and his son William Temple both served as Archbishop of Canterbury

Randall Davidson was the longest-serving holder of the office since the Reformation, and the first to retire from it

Cosmo Lang supported the appeasement policies of the British government. In May 1937 he presided over the coronation of King George VI and Queen Elizabeth

Geoffrey Fisher is remembered for his visit to Pope John XXIII in 1960, the first meeting between an Archbishop of Canterbury and a Pope since the English Reformation

William Temple was the last Archbishop of Canterbury to die in office

During George Carey’s time as archbishop the Church of England ordained its first women priests

Rowan Williams was the first Archbishop of Canterbury in modern times not to be appointed from within the Church of England

Justin Welby is the 105th Archbishop of Canterbury

Recent Archbishops of Canterbury –
{| class="wikitable"
|In office
|Name
|Previous posts
|-
|1903 – 1928
|Randall Davidson
|Bishop of Winchester (1895 – 1903)
|-
|1928 – 1942
|Cosmo Lang
|Bishop of Stepney (1901 – 1909)

Archbishop of York (1909 – 1928)
|-
|1942 – 1944
|William Temple
|Bishop of Manchester (1921 – 1929)

Archbishop of York (1929 – 1942)
|-
|1945 – 1961
|Geoffrey Fisher
|Bishop of Chester (1932 – 1939)

Bishop of London (1939 – 1945)
|-
|1961 – 1974
|Michael Ramsey
|Bishop of Durham (1952 – 1956)

Archbishop of York (1956 – 1961)
|-
|1974 – 1980
|Donald Coggan
|Bishop of Bradford (1956 – 1961)

Archbishop of York (1961 – 1974)
|-
|1980 – 1991
|Robert Runcie
|Bishop of St Albans (1970 – 1980)
|-
|1991 – 2002
|George Carey
|Bishop of Bath and Wells (1987 – 1991)
|-
|2002 – 2012
|Rowan Williams
|Archbishop of Wales (2000 – 2002)

Bishop of Monmouth (1992 – 2002)
|-
|2013 – 2025
|Justin Welby
|Bishop of Durham (2011 – 2013)
|-
|2026 -
|Sarah Mullally (designate)
|Bishop of London (2018 - 2026)
|}
Papal Archbasilica of St. John Lateran is the cathedral of the Church of Rome, and the official ecclesiastical seat of the Bishop of Rome, who is the '''Pope'''

The Order of the Golden Militia / Order of the Golder Spur is a Papal order of knighthood conferred upon those who have rendered distinguished service in propagating the Catholic Faith, or who have contributed to the glory of the Church

Urbi et Orbi is used to denote a papal address and Apostolic Blessing that is addressed to the City of Rome and to the entire world

Apostolic Palace is the official residence of the Pope, which is located in Vatican City

Papal infallibility is a dogma of the Catholic Church which states that, in virtue of the promise of Jesus to Peter, the Pope is preserved from the possibility of error

Roman Curia is the administrative apparatus of the Holy See and the central governing body of the entire Catholic Church, together with the Pope

For further information on popes, see [[Art and Culture/Popes|Popes]]

=== Catholicism ===
The sacraments of the Catholic Church are the seven rites of Baptism, Confirmation, Eucharist, Penance, Anointing of the Sick, Holy Orders, and Matrimony

Seven Corporal Works of Mercy and Seven Spititual Works of Mercy are actions and practices which the Roman Catholic Church considers expectations to be fulfilled by believers

Archbishop of Westminster is the premier Roman Catholic Archbishop of England

''The Tablet'' is a weekly Roman Catholic newspaper

Líbera me (‘Deliver me’) is a Roman Catholic responsory that is sung in the Office of the Dead and at the absolution of the dead, a service of prayers for the dead said beside the coffin immediately after the Requiem Mass and before burial

During the canonization process of the Roman Catholic Church, the Promoter of the Faith, popularly known as the Devil's advocate, was a canon lawyer appointed by Church authorities to argue against the canonization of a candidate. The office was established in 1587 during the reign of Pope Sixtus V and abolished by Pope John Paul II in 1983

A deceased Catholic may be declared a Servant of God by a bishop and proposed for beatification by the Pope. ''The Venerable,'' is the style used for such a servant of God declared to be ‘heroic in virtue’ during the investigation and process leading to possible canonization as a saint. The next step is beatification, at which point the person is referred to as ''The Blessed'', and finally canonization, at which point the person is referred to as ''Saint''

The Council of Trent is the Nineteenth Ecumenical Council of the Catholic Church. It was convened three times between 1545 and 1563 in the city of Trent (modern Trento) as a response to the theological and ecclesiological challenges of the Protestant Reformation. It is considered one of the most important councils in the history of the Catholic Church

''Index Librorum Prohibitorum'' (English: List of Prohibited Books) was a list of publications prohibited by the Catholic Church. A first version (the ''Pauline Index'') was promulgated by Pope Paul IV in 1559, and a revised form (the ''Tridentine Index'') was authorized at the Council of Trent

Liturgy of the Hours or canonical hours, often referred to as the Breviary, is the official set of daily prayers prescribed by the Catholic Church to be recited by clergy, religious institutes, and laity. It consists primarily of psalms supplemented by hymns and readings

In England and other Anglican provinces, service books now include four offices: Morning Prayer, corresponding to Matins and Lauds; Prayer During the Day, conflating the lesser hours of Terce, Sext, and None; Evening Prayer, corresponding to Vespers; Night Prayer, or Compline

Ave Maria (or Hail Mary) is a traditional Catholic prayer asking for the intercession of the Virgin Mary, the mother of Jesus

Transubstantiation – the change whereby, according to Catholic doctrine, the bread and the wine used in the sacrament of the Eucharist become, not merely as by a sign or a figure, but also in reality the body and blood of Christ

The Virgin Mary is said to have appeared to Marie-Bernadette Soubirous on a total of eighteen occasions in 1858 at Lourdes. Lourdes has become a major place of Roman Catholic pilgrimage and of miraculous healings

Knock Shrine is a major pilgrimage site in the village of Knock in County Mayo, where Catholics believe that in 1879 there was an apparition of the Virgin Mary, St Joseph, St John the Evangelist and Jesus Christ (as the Lamb of God)

Our Lady of Guadalupe is a celebrated Catholic icon of the Virgin Mary. According to tradition, Juan Diego, a simple indigenous peasant, saw a vision of a young woman in 1531. While he was on the hill in the desert of Tepeyac near Mexico City, the lady told him to build a church exactly on the spot where they were standing

Diocese of Urgell is a Roman Catholic diocese in Catalonia and Andorra

'''Society of Jesus''' is a Roman Catholic Church religious order of clerks regular whose members are called Jesuits, Soldiers of Christ, and Foot soldiers of the Pope, because the founder, Saint Ignatius of Loyola, was a knight before becoming a priest. Founded in 1556. Jesuits are the largest male religious order of the Roman Catholic Church

=== Protestantism ===
'''Protestantism''' is a form of Christian faith and practice which originated with the Protestant Reformation. It is one of the three major divisions of Christendom, together with Roman Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy. Anglicanism is sometimes considered to be independent from Protestantism

Manse – Church of Scotland clergyman’s house

'''Presbyterianism''' is a branch of Reformed Protestantism which traces its origins to the British Isles. Presbyterian churches derive their name from the presbyterian form of church government, which is government by representative assemblies of elders

'''Lutheranism''' is one of the largest branches of Protestantism

The marriage of Martin Luther to Katharina von Bora set a model for the practice of clerical marriage within Protestantism

or (1580) is the historic doctrinal standard of the Lutheran Church

'''Methodist''' revival began with a group of men, including John Wesley and his younger brother Charles, as a movement within the Church of England in the 18th century. The Wesley brothers founded the Holy Club while they were at Oxford. Methodism split from the Church of England following the death of John Wesley

'''Pentecostalism''' is a renewal movement within Christianity that places special emphasis on a direct personal experience of God through the baptism in the Holy Spirit. The term Pentecostal is derived from the Greek name for the Jewish Feast of Weeks. For Christians, this event commemorates the descent of the Holy Spirit upon the followers of Jesus Christ, as described in the second chapter of the Book of Acts. International Gathering of Champions is a worship meeting of Pentecostalists in Britain

'''Seventh-day Adventist Church''' is a Christian denomination which is distinguished by its observance of Saturday, the original seventh day of the Judeo-Christian week, as the Sabbath, and by its emphasis on the imminent second coming (Advent) of Jesus Christ. The denomination grew out of the Millerite movement in the United States during the middle part of the 19th century and was formally established in 1863

'''Anglicanism''' is a tradition within Christianity comprising the Church of England and churches which are historically tied to it or hold similar beliefs

Latitudes – 18th century Anglican clerics

When the Thirty-Nine Articles were accepted by Anglicans generally as a norm for Anglican teaching, they recognized two sacraments only – Baptism and the Eucharist – as having been ordained by Christ

Oxford Movement – a movement of High Church Anglicans, eventually developing into Anglo-Catholicism

General Synod of Church of England is tricameral, consisting of the House of Bishops, the House of Clergy and the House of Laity

Katharine Schori was the first woman elected as a primate in the Anglican Communion

Bishop of Durham is the Anglican bishop responsible for the Diocese of Durham in the Province of York

Aldhun was the first Bishop of Durham, in 995

Bishops of Durham were also territorial Prince Bishops, with the extraordinary secular rank of Earl palatine, for it was their duty not only to be head of the large diocese, but also to help protect the Kingdom against the Scottish threat from the north

Bishop of London is the ordinary of the Church of England Diocese of London in the Province of Canterbury

Thean was the first Bishop of London, in 186

Richard Chartres has been Bishop of London since 1995. The bishop's residence is The Old Deanery, Dean's Court, London

John Sentamu has been Bishop of York since2005

The five senior bishops in the Church of England are the Archbishop of Canterbury, Archbishop of York, Bishop of London, Bishop of Durham, and Bishop of Winchester

Church of Ireland is a Christian church in Ireland and an autonomous province of the Anglican Communion. there are 12 Church of Ireland dioceses, each headed by a bishop and belonging to one of the two surviving provinces – Armagh and Dublin

Primus, styled The Most Reverend the Primus of the Scottish Episcopal Church, is the presiding bishop of the Scottish Episcopal Church

Ecclesiastical polity is the operational and governance structure of a church or of a Christian denomination

Congregationalist polity, often known as congregationalism, is a system of church governance in which every local church congregation is independent

A Chapel Royal is a body of clergy and singers who serve the spiritual needs of their sovereign wherever they are called upon to do so

== Islam ==
Anno Hegirae – first year of the Muslim calendar, the year of the flight of Muhammad from Mecca to Medina (Hejira) in 622

Muhammad returned to Mecca in 630, and died in Medina in 632

Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem is the place where Muhammad is said to have ascended into heaven

Muslims believe the Quran (also Qur’an or Koran) was verbally revealed by God to Muhammad through the angel Gabriel (Jibril) gradually over a period of approximately 23 years, beginning in 609 when Muhammad was 40, and concluding in 632, the year of his death

Cave of Hira, near Mecca, is the location where Muslims believe Muhammad received his first revelations from God

Fatima was Muhammad’s daughter

Aisha (Muhammad’s second wife) was known as ‘the mother of believers’

Buraq is a mythological steed, described as a creature from the heavens which transported the prophets. The most commonly told story is how in the 7th century, Buraq carried Muhammad from Mecca to Jerusalem and back during the Isra and Mi'raj or ‘Night Journey’

Islamic traditions consider Ishmael as the ancestor of northern Arab people

Eid ul-Fitr often abbreviated as simply Eid, sometimes spelled Eid al-Fitr, is an Islamic holiday that marks the end of Ramadan, the month of fasting. Fitr means ‘to break the fast’

Eid ul-Adha is celebrated by Muslims worldwide as a commemoration of Prophet Ibrahim's willingness to sacrifice his son (Ishmael) for (Allah) God. Others celebrate Eid ul-Adha as it marks the end of the Pilgrimage or Hajj for the millions of Muslims who make the trip to Mecca each year

Ramadan is the ninth month of the Islamic calendar, established in the year 638

During Ramadam, Muslims eat one meal before the sunrise called suhoor and one meal after the sunset called iftar

Mecca, Medina, Jerusalem are the three sacred Islam cities

Friday is the obligatory day of prayer

'''Sunni''' Islam is the largest branch of Islam. 80% of the world’s 1.6 billion Muslims are Sunni. The only countries where Shias outnumber Sunnis are Iran, Iraq, Bahrain and Azerbaijan [

Wahhabism is a branch of Sunni Islam practiced by those who follow the teachings of Muhammad ibn Abd-al-Wahhab, after whom the movement is named. Ibn Abdul Wahhab reintroduced Shariah (Islamic) law to the Arabian Peninsula. This theology is the dominant form found in Saudi Arabia, Kuwait and Qatar. The term ‘Wahhabi’ is rarely used by the people it is used to describe

The '''Shia''' (also Shi'a or Shi'ite) represent the second largest denomination of Islam. Shia means ‘party of Ali’ (Mohammed’s son-in-law)

According to Twelver Shi'as Imam Hujjat al-Mahdi is the twelfth Imam (hidden Iman) and the Mahdi, the ultimate savior of humankind

The Ismaili branch of Islam is the second largest part of the Shia community, after the Twelvers

The Alawites are a sect of Shi'ite Islam prominent in Syria. The Alawites take their name from Imam Ali, cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad. Centred in Syria

Five pillars of Islam

* The Testimony of Faith (Shahadah) – the declaration that there is none worthy of worship except Allah and that Muhammad is his last messenger
* Ritual Prayer (Salah or Salat) – establishing of the five daily Prayers. Compulsory for all Muslims aged 10 and older
* Obligatory (religious) almsgiving (Zakat) – which is generally 2.5% of the total savings for a rich man working in trade or industry, and 10% or 20% of the annual produce for agriculturists. This money or produce is distributed among the poor
* Fasting (Sawm) – refraining from eating, drinking or engaging in sex from dawn to sunset during the month of Ramadan
* The Pilgrimage to Mecca (Hajj) – this is done during the month of Zul Hijjah, and is compulsory once in a lifetime for one who has the ability to do it. Hajj occurs in the last month of the Muslim calendar

Aga Khan is the hereditary title of the Imam (spiritual and general leader) of the Ismaili Nizaris, a perspective of the Shi'a Ismaili branch of Islam which formed in 765. Prince Prince Shah Karim Al Hussaini became the present Aga Khan IV in 1957

In Islamic family law, the husband just has to repeat the word talaq (‘I repudiate you’) three times in three months to get a divorce

Turkey is the only Muslim state to have completely abandoned Sharia law

Sufism is the inner mystical dimension of Islam. Followers seek to find the truth of divine love through direct experience of God, has a name that is thought to derive from the Arabic for 'wool', in reference to the garments worn by early Islamic ascetics

The '''Quran''' is composed of verses (Ayah) that make up 114 chapters (suras). Chapters are classed as Meccan or Medinan, depending on when (before or after Hijra) the verses were revealed

Quran was originally written in Arabic

Hafith or Hafiz, literally meaning 'guardian', is a term used by Muslims for people who have completely memorized the Quran

Zabur, Tawrat and Injil were precursors to the Quran

Sajjada is a Muslim prayer mat

Qiblah is an Arabic word for the direction that should be faced when a Muslim prays during Salah. Most mosques contain a niche in a wall that indicates the Qiblah

Kiswa is a black cloth covering the black stone in the Kaaba, in Mecca

Zamzam Well is a well located within the Masjid al-Haram in Mecca, 20 metres east of the Kaaba, the holiest place in Islam. According to Islamic belief, it is a miraculously-generated source of water from God

Isa Ibn Maryam, or Jesus in the New Testament, is considered to be a Messenger of God and al-Masih (the Messiah)

Iblis is the name for the Devil

Peace be upon him, abbreviated PBUH, is a phrase that Muslims say after uttering or hearing the name of any of the Islamic prophets

Mahdi is the prophesied redeemer of Islam who will rule before the Day of Judgment and will rid the world of evil

== Mormonism ==
Mormonism is the predominant religious tradition of the Latter Day Saint movement of Restorationist Christianity. This movement was founded by Joseph Smith in the 1820s. During the 1830s and 1840s, Mormonism distinguished itself from traditional Protestantism. After Smith's death, most Mormons followed Brigham Young on his westward journey, calling themselves The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints

Moroni, according to the Book of Mormon, was the last prophet, historian, and military commander who lived in North America in the late fourth and early fifth centuries. He is identified as the same angel who presented the golden plates to Joseph Smith

According to Latter Day Saint belief, the golden plates are the source from which Joseph Smith said he translated the Book of Mormon

Brigham Young was born in Vermont, and had 17 wives and 56 children

George D Watt was the first convert to Mormonism baptized in the British Isles

The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (the LDS Church or, informally, the Mormon Church) is headquartered in Salt Lake City, Utah, and has established congregations (called wards or branches) and built temples worldwide

Quorum of the Twelve Apostles one of the governing bodies in the Mormon church hierarchy

== Hinduism ==
Prominent themes in Hindu beliefs include the four Purusarthas, the proper goals or aims of human life, namely Dharma (ethics/duties), Artha (prosperity/work), Kama (emotions/sexuality) and Moksha (liberation/freedom); karma (action, intent and consequences), samsara (cycle of rebirth), and the various Yogas (paths or practices to attain moksha). Hindu practices include rituals such as puja (worship)

Hindu texts are classified into Shruti ("heard") and Smriti ("remembered")

Veda is any of the oldest and most authoritative Hindu sacred texts, composed in Sanskrit and gathered into four collections. Veda means ‘knowledge’

Sutra is any of various aphoristic doctrinal summaries produced for memorization generally between 500 and 200 BC

Upanishad is any of a group of philosophical treatises contributing to the theology of ancient Hinduism, elaborating on the earlier Vedas

Kumbh Mela is a Hindu pilgrimage that occurs four times every twelve years and rotates among four locations: Prayag (Allahabad), Haridwar, Ujjain and Nashik. Each twelve-year cycle includes one Maha Kumbh Mela (Great Kumbh Mela) at Prayag, which is attended by millions of people, making it the largest gathering anywhere in the world. Pilgrims bathe in the Ganges

Holi festival is a popular occasion in the northern part of India. It is an occasion when people smear each other with bright colored powders, which are known as Gulal, and colored water. This festival is celebrated around early March each year

Hindu temples are known as mandirs

Brahman is the state of unchanging reality

Basil, also called tulsi, is especially associated with death rituals in Hinduism

The festival Janamashtami, meaning 'birth on the Eighth day', celebrates the birth of Krishna

Varna refers to the categorization of the Hindu society by four castes, hypothesized by the Brahmins and their sacred texts. The four varnas, are mentioned in ancient texts in the following order, from top to bottom: the Brahmins: Scholars, teachers and fire priests; the Kshatriyas: Kings and soldiers warriors; the Vaishyas: Agriculturists and merchants; the Shudras: Service providers and artisans

Dalit is a member of the lowest class in India, whom those of the four main castes were formerly forbidden to touch

Puri is a holy city of the Hindus as a part of the Char Dham pilgrimages

== Buddhism ==
Siddhartha Guatama or Buddha was born around 560 BC

King Suddhodana and Queen Maha Maya were the parents of the Buddha

Buddha gave his first sermon by the Ganges. Taught in India

Buddhist legend tells of Gautama Buddha attaining enlightenment (bodhi) while meditating underneath the Bodhi tree, a ''Ficus religiosa'' or Bo-Tree

Theravada is the oldest surviving Buddhist school, and for many centuries has been the predominant religion of Sri Lanka and most of continental Southeast Asia

Mahayana is the other major branch of Buddhism existing today. The main countries in which it is practiced today are China, Taiwan, Japan, Korea and Vietnam. From Mahayana developed the esoteric Vajrayana found mainly in Tibet, Nepal, Bhutan and Mongolia

Nichiren Buddhism is a branch of Mahayana Buddhism based on the teachings of the 13th century Japanese monk Nichiren

Pure Land Buddhism is a broad branch of Mahayana Buddhism and currently one of the most popular schools of Buddhism in East Asia, along with Zen

A tulku is a Tibetan Buddhist lama or other religious figure who has consciously decided to be reborn, often many times, in order to continue his or her religious pursuits. The most famous example is the lineage of Dalai Lamas

Dalai means ‘ocean’ in Mongolian, and Lama is the Tibetan equivalent of the Sanskrit word ‘guru’, and is commonly translated to mean ‘spiritual teacher’. The actual title was first bestowed by the Mongolian ruler Altan Khan upon Sonam Gyatso in 1578. The fourteenth and current Dalai Lama is Tenzin Gyatso

The Panchen Lama is the second-highest-ranking lama after the Dalai Lama

The Three Jewels, also called the Three Treasures, the Three Refuges, or the Triple Gem, are the three things that Buddhists give themselves to, and in return look toward for guidance, in the process known as ‘taking refuge’. The Three Jewels are: Buddha (The Enlightened or Awakened One), Dharma (The Teaching), Sangha (The Community)

Four Noble Truths relate to suffering

Eightfold Path is the way leading to the cessation of suffering (dukkha) and the achievement of self-awakening

Tantrism is a movement within Buddhism combining elements of Hinduism and paganism

Gompa is a Buddhist place of learning

In Buddhism the elephant is a symbol of mental strength

Conch shell is used in Tibetan Buddhism to call together religious assemblies. Shells which spiral to the right in a clockwise direction are a rarity and are considered especially sacred

Ananda was one of the principal disciples and a devout attendant of the Buddha

Kanthaka was a favourite white horse that was a royal servant of Prince Siddhartha, who later became Gautama Buddha

Dharmachakra is a symbol that has represented dharma, the Buddha's teaching of the path to enlightenment, since the early period of Indian Buddhism. Wheel with eight spokes

Bodhisattva is an enlightenment being

Maitreya is a future Buddha of this world

Vihara is a Buddhist monastery

== Jainism ==
Jainism, traditionally known as Jain Dharma is a religion and philosophy originating in ancient India. The most cited Jain scripture is the Tattvartha Sutra, or Book of Reality written by the monk-scholar, Umasvati almost 1,800 years ago. The primary figures are Tirthankars. There are two main sects called Digambar and Shvetambar. The Jain religion places great emphasis on the theory of Karma. The backbone of the Jain philosophy, the Nine Tattvas, shows how to attain salvation. The holiest symbol is a simple swastika. Another incorporates a wheel on the palm of a hand

Tirthankara is a human being who helps in achieving liberation and enlightenment

Jainism means ‘to conquer’

The principle of ahimsa is the most fundamental and well known aspect of Jainism. In Jainism, killing any living being out of passions is himsa (injury) and abstaining from such act is Ahisma (noninjury or nonviolence)

The other main principles of Jainism are non-absolution and non-possessiveness

Followers of Jainism undertake five major rows

Mahariva is the name most commonly used to refer to the Indian sage Vardhamana who established what are today considered to be the central tenets of Jainism

Jainism rejects the idea of a creator or destroyer god and postulates that the universe is eternal. Jainism believes every soul has the potential for salvation and to become god

According to Jainism, time is beginningless and eternal; the cosmic wheel of time, called kalachakra, rotates ceaselessly

== Sikhism ==
Sikhism is a panentheistic religion founded during the 15th century in the Punjab region of the Indian subcontinent, by Guru Nanak and continued to progress through the ten successive Sikh gurus

The central teaching in Sikhism is the belief in the concept of the oneness of God

Panj Kakke are the five K’s of Sikhism (articles of faith) – Kachera (underwear), Kangha (comb), Kara (steel band), Kesh (uncut hair) and Kirpin (sword)

Guru Gobind Singh was the last of the Ten Gurus of Sikhism. His five K's and taking up arms against the Mughals created a warrior brotherhood that was visibly different and helped evolve Sikhism from an embryonic lifestyle into a disciplined and determined religion

Guru Granth Sahib is a Granth (book) originally compiled by Fifth Guru and named as Adi Granth, and later recompiled by all the gurus that followed him. Guru Granth Sahib was appointed as the Eleventh Guru by Tenth Guru Guru Gobind Singh. It is the ultimate teacher of the Sikhs

Sikh means ‘disciple’ and Guru means ‘teacher’

The Golden Temple, located in Amritsar in the state of Punjab, is the most sacred shrine of Sikhism. The official name of the Temple is Harmandir Sahib, (‘the Temple of God’). Operation Blue Star in 1984 was an Indian military operation at the Golden Temple to destroy the popularity Sikh faith was attracting

The Khanda is one of most important symbols of Sikhism

Vaisakhi is an ancient harvest festival in Punjab, which also marks beginning of a new solar year, and new harvest season. Vaisakhi is one of the most significant holidays in Sikh calendar, commemorating the establishment of the Khalsa in 1699; which marks the Sikh New Year

Khalsa refers to the collective body of all baptized Sikhs

Gurpurb is a celebration of an anniversary related to the lives of the Sikh gurus

== Judaism ==
Star of David is a hexagram

United Synagogue is a union of British Orthodox Jewish synagogues

Gentiles are non-Jewish people

Kabbalah is a form of Jewish mysticism

Bendal is a red string bracelet worn by Kabbalah followers to protect against the influence of the evil eye

Zohar is the foundational work in the literature of Jewish mystical thought known as Kabbalah. It is written in Aramaic

Menorah is a candelabra with seven branches used in the temple

Hannukah menorah has nine branches and is lit during the holiday of Hannukah

Mezuzah is a piece of cased parchment fixed to the front door of a Jewish residence

Sephardic Jews fled from Spain during the Spanish Inquisition

Ashkenazi Jews are from Germany

Mizrahi Jews are descended from local Jewish communities of the Middle East

Lithuanian Jews or Litvaks are Jews with roots in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania

Bar Mitzvah is the rite of passage for boys, celebrated at age of 13

Bat Mitzvah is the rite of passage for girls, celebrated at age of 12

Jewish holidays –

* Rosh Hashanah – Jewish New Year. falls on the first day of the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar, Tishri
* Yom Kippur – Day of Atonement. Holiest day of the Jewish year
* Sukkot – Feast of Booths (or Tabernacles). Commemorates the Israelites' forty years of wandering through the desert on their way to the Promised Land
* Hanukkah – Festival of Lights. Celebrates the recapture of the temple of Jerusalem in 165 BC, after Judah Maccabeus removed the pagan statuary. Normally falls in December
* Purim – Festival of Lots. Commemorates the deliverance from Haman's plot to annihilate all the Jews of the Persian Empire, who had survived the Babylonian captivity, after Persia had conquered Babylonia who in turn had destroyed the First Temple and dispersed the Jewish people; as recorded in the Biblical Book of Esther
* Pesach – Passover. Commemorates the story of the Exodus, in which the ancient Israelites were freed from slavery in Egypt
* Shavuot – known as the Feast of Weeks or Pentecost. Commemorates the anniversary of the day God gave the Torah to the entire nation of Israel assembled at Mount Sinai

Passover Seder is a ritual feast that marks the beginning of the Passover holiday

Haggadah is a Jewish text that sets forth the order of the Passover Seder. Reading the Haggadah at the Seder table is a fulfillment of the Scriptural commandment to each Jew to ‘tell your son’ of the Jewish liberation from slavery in Egypt as described in the Book of Exodus in the Torah

The Talmud is a record of rabbinic discussions pertaining to Jewish law, ethics, customs and history. The Talmud has two components: the Mishnah (c. 200 CE), the first written compendium of Judaism's Oral Law; and the Gemara (c. 500 CE), a discussion of the Mishnah and related Tannaitic writings that often ventures onto other subjects and expounds broadly on the Tanakh. The terms Talmud and Gemara are often used interchangeably

The Torah is the most important document in Judaism, revered as the inspired word of God, traditionally said to have been revealed to Moses. The word Torah means ‘teaching,’ ‘instruction,’ or ‘law’ in Hebrew. It is also known as the Five Books of Moses, the Law of Moses or the Pentateuch (Greek for ‘five containers,’ which refers to the scroll cases in which books were being kept)

The Mahzor is the Jewish prayer book for high holidays.The Siddur the prayer book that contains the daily liturgy

Hasidic Judaism is a branch of Orthodox Judaism that promotes spirituality and joy through the popularisation and internalisation of Jewish mysticism as the fundamental aspects of the Jewish faith

Aliyah is the immigration of Jews to the Land of Israel

Herem (or Cherem), is the highest ecclesiastical censure in the Jewish community. It is the total exclusion of a person from the Jewish community

Nisan is the first month of the ecclesiastical year and the seventh month (eighth, in leap year) of the civil year, on the Hebrew calendar

Yeshiva is a Jewish school for study of traditional religious texts

Midrash is a method of interpreting biblical stories

Tanakh is the canon of the Hebrew Bible. The traditional Hebrew text is known as the Masoretic Text

Rabbinic Judaism has been the mainstream form of Judaism since the 6th century CE, after the codification of the Talmud

Traditionally, Jews recite prayers three times daily

The Jewish dietary laws are known as kashrut

== Taoism ==
Taoism (or Daoism) means ‘path’ or ‘way’. Tao can be roughly stated to be the flow of the universe, or the force behind the natural order. Tao is believed to be the influence that keeps the universe balanced and ordered. Tao is associated with nature, due to a belief that nature demonstrates the Tao. The flow of qi, as the essential energy of action and existence, is compared to the universal order of Tao

Laozi (also Lao-Tzu or Lao-Tze) was a philosopher and poet of ancient China. He is best known as the reputed author of the ''Tao Te Ching'' and the founder of philosophical Taoism, but he is also revered as a deity in religious Taoism and traditional Chinese religions. Although a legendary figure, he is usually dated to around the 6th century BC and reckoned a contemporary of Confucius

== Zoroastrianism ==
Zoroastrianism is the religion and philosophy based on the teachings ascribed to the prophet Zoroaster (or Zarathustra). Mazdaism is the religion that acknowledges the divine authority of Ahura Mazda, proclaimed by Zoroaster to be the one uncreated Creator of all (God). As demonstrated by Zoroastrian creed and articles of faith, the two terms are effectively synonymous. Zoroastrianism was once the dominant religion of much of Greater Iran

A Parsi or Parsee is a member of one of the two Zoroastrian communities found throughout South Asia. Parsees are left on ‘towers of silence’ on hilltops when they die, to be eaten by vultures

Magi is a term, used since at least the 4th century BC, to denote followers of Zoroaster

== Baha’i ==
Baha’i Faith is the religion founded by Bahá'u'lláh in 19th century Persia by Mirza Hoseyn Ali Nuri. There are around six million Baha’is in more than 200 countries around the world. According to Baha'í teachings, religious history is seen as an evolving educational process for mankind, through God's messengers, which are termed Manifestations of God. Bahá'u'lláh is seen as the most recent, pivotal, but not final of these individuals. Bahá'í World Centre is the name given to the spiritual and administrative centre of the Bahá'í Faith. The World Centre consists of the Shrine of Bahá'u'lláh near Acre, Israel, the Shrine of the Báb and its gardens on Mount Carmel in Haifa, Israel, and various other buildings in the area including the Arc buildings

== Religious Movements ==
'''Amish''' were founded in 1693 when Jacob Amman, a Swiss Mennonite bishop, broke away from the Mennonites. There are 200,000 Amish in the US, mostly in Pennsylvania, Indiana and Ohio. Most speak a High German dialect called Deitsch. The Amish are known for simple living, plain dress, and reluctance to adopt many conveniences of modern technology. The Amish rite of passage is called rumspringa

'''Anabaptists''' are a Protestant sect which arose in Germany in 1521. Their name derived from their belief that baptism had to be repeated in adulthood before it acquired spiritual significance. They opposed the payment of taxes and the service of the state either as soldiers or magistrates

'''Catharism''' was a name given to a Christian religious sect with dualistic and gnostic elements that appeared in the Languedoc region of France and other parts of Europe in the 11th century and flourished in the 12th and 13th centuries. Cathar society was divided into two general categories, the Perfecti (Perfects) and the Credentes (Believers)

'''Coptic''' Orthodox Church was founded in Egypt by St Mark (Monophysite Christians. Pope of Alexandria and Patriarch of the See of St Mark's is the head of the Coptic Church

'''Druze''' is an esoteric, monotheistic religious community found primarily in Syria, Lebanon, Israel, and Jordan, which emerged during the 11th century from Ismailism, that incorporated several elements of Gnosticism, Neoplatonism and other philosophies. Walid Jumblatt is the most prominent leader of Lebanon's Druze community

'''Essenes''' were a Jewish religious group that flourished from the 2nd century BC to the 1st century AD. The Essenes have gained fame in modern times due to the discovery of the extensive religious library they maintained for their studies at Qumran known as the Dead Sea Scrolls. The Essenes preserved multiple copies of the Old Testament of the Holy Bible untouched from as early as 300 BC until their discovery in 1946

'''Gnosticism''' is derived from the Greek word gnosis, meaning ‘knowledge’. It is a term created by modern scholars to describe a diverse religious movement often associated with Christianity, although textual evidence for the movement contains distinctly non- and anti-Christian elements, as well as anti-Judaic elements

'''Jehovah’s Witnesses''' emerged from the Bible Student movement. Founded in the late 1870s by Charles Taze Russell with the formation of Zion's Watch Tower Tract Society. The name Jehovah's Witnesses was adopted in 1931 to clearly distinguish themselves from other Bible Student groups. Jehovah's Witnesses are best known for their door-to-door preaching, distributing literature such as ''The Watchtower'' and ''Awake!'', and refusing military service and blood transfusions. They consider use of the name Jehovah vital for proper worship. Meetings for worship and study are held at Kingdom Halls

'''Lollards''' were followers of John Wycliffe; they believed that the Bible was the sole authority in religion and that every man had the right to read and interpret it for himself. In 1378 they defied the Church and translated the Bible from Latin into English

'''Maronites''' derive their name from the Syriac saint Maron whose followers moved to Mount Lebanon from northern Syria establishing the nucleus of the Maronite Church

'''Mennonites''' are a group of Christian Anabaptist denominations named after the Frisian Menno Simons (1496 – 1561), who, through his writings, articulated and thereby formalized the teachings of earlier Swiss founders

'''Panacea Society''' was a religious group based in Bedford. The Society was founded by Mabel Barltrop in 1918. Its inspiration was and is the teachings of the Devonshire prophetess Joanna Southcott (1750–1814). Barltrop took the name Octavia and believed herself to be Southcott's child

'''Plymouth Brethren''' was a conservative, Evangelical Christian restorationist movement, whose history can be traced to Dublin in the late 1820s. The title, ‘The Brethren,’ is one that many of their number are comfortable with, in that the Bible designates all believers as ‘brethren’

'''Quakers''' are members of a family of religious movements collectively known as the Religious Society of Friends. The central unifying doctrine of these movements is the priesthood of all believers, doctrine derived from a verse in the New Testament, 1 Peter. Quaker places of worship are known as Meeting Houses

Auditing was developed by L. Ron Hubbard, and is described by the Church of '''Scientology''' as ‘spiritual counseling which is the central practice of Dianetics and Scientology’. E-meter is used by scientologists to measure the state of electrical characteristics of the 'static field' surrounding the body – it is a modified ohmmeter. A basic idea in Dianetics is that the mind consists of two parts: the ‘analytical mind’ and the ‘reactive mind.’ The reactive mind (or, ‘unconscious mind’) acts as a record of shock, trauma, pain, and otherwise harmful memories. Experiences such as these, stored in the reactive mind are dubbed ‘engrams’. Dianetics is a proposed method to erase these engrams in the reactive mind to achieve what is referred to in Scientology as a state of ‘Clear’. A Clear is one who is thought to no longer possess his reactive mind. Scientology beliefs revolve around the ‘thetan’, the individualized expression of the cosmic source, or life force, named after the Greek letter theta. The thetan is the true identity of a person

'''Shakers''' are a Protestant religious denomination officially called the United Society of Believers in Christ's Second Appearing. Originated in Manchester in 1772 under the leadership of Mother Ann Lee, who moved the nine-person group to New York in 1774. They branched off from a Quaker community, and were known as "Shaking Quakers" because of their ecstatic behavior during worship services. Shakers designed simple functional furniture

'''Voodoo''' is a syncretic religion practiced chiefly in Haiti and the Haitian diaspora. Vodouists believe in a distant and unknowable Supreme Creator, Bondye. As Bondye does not intercede in human affairs, vodouists direct their worship toward spirits subservient to Bondye, called Loa

== Religious Orders ==
Mendicant orders are religious orders which depend directly on the charity of the people for their livelihood

Order of the Brothers of Our Lady of Mount Carmel or '''Carmelites''' is a Roman Catholic religious order founded in the 12th century on Mount Carmel, whence the order receives its name. Saint Bertold has traditionally been associated with the founding of the order

'''Carthusian''' Order, also called the Order of Saint Bruno, is a Roman Catholic religious order of enclosed monastics. The order was founded by Saint Bruno of Cologne in 1084 and includes both monks and nuns

The Order of '''Cistercians''', otherwise White Monks (from the colour of the habit, over which a black scapular or apron is sometimes worn) is a Roman Catholic order of enclosed monks. The first Cistercian abbey was founded by Robert of Molesme in 1098, at Citeaux Abbey in France

The Order of Preachers, after 15th century more commonly known as the Dominican Order, or '''Dominicans''' is a Catholic religious order, created by Saint Dominic in the early 13th century in France. In England and some other countries the Dominicans are referred to as Blackfriars on account of the black cappa or cloak they wear over their white habits (for the same reason, Carmelites are known as ‘Whitefriars’ and Franciscans as ‘Greyfriars’). In France, the Dominicans are also known as Jacobins

'''Franciscans''' is a religious order which adheres to the teachings and spiritual disciplines of Saint Francis of Assisi. Franciscan monks wear brown

'''Gilbertine''' Order of Canons Regular was founded around 1130 by Saint Gilbert in Sempringham, Lincolnshire. It was the only completely English religious order and came to an end in the 16th century at the time of the Dissolution of the Monasteries

Samsara, literally meaning ‘continuous flow’, is the cycle of birth, life, death, rebirth or reincarnation within Buddhism, Hinduism, Jainism, and Sikhism

In some religions, such as Judaism and Islam, there is a tradition that the universe is categorised into Seven Heavens or Realms

Om – the supreme and most sacred syllable, consisting in Sanskrit of the three sounds (a), (u), and (m), representing various fundamental triads and believed to be the spoken essence of the universe. It is uttered as a mantra and in affirmations and blessings

The swastika is a sacred symbol in Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism. The Hindu version is often decorated with a dot in each quadrant

Mithraic Mysteries were a mystery religion practised in the Roman Empire from about the 1st to 4th centuries AD. The name of the proto-Indo-Iranian god Mithra, adapted into Greek as Mithras, was linked to a new and distinctive imagery

Mystery religions, sacred mysteries or simply mysteries, were religious cults of the Greco-Roman world for which participation was reserved to initiates (mystai). The main characterization of this religion is the secrecy associated with the particulars of the initiation and the cult practice, which may not be revealed to outsiders

Holy Basil, also called 'Tulsi', is highly revered in Hinduism and also has religious significance in the Greek Orthodox Church, where it is used to prepare holy water

Raphael is an archangel of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, who in the Judeo-Christian tradition performs all manners of healing

Sheba was a kingdom mentioned in the Jewish scriptures (Old Testament) and the Quran. Modern archaeological evidence supports Sheba being located in modern Yemen

== Saints ==
'''Patron saints'''

Andrew – patron saint of Scotland. Crucified at Patras on an X-shaped cross

Apollonia – patron saint of toothache sufferers

Bernadette of Lourdes '''–''' patron saint of shepherds

Catherine – patron saint of wheelwrights. Her principal symbol is the spiked wheel

Cecilia – patron saint of music and musicians

Crispin – patron saint of shoemakers

Erasmus of Formia, also known as Saint Elmo – patron saint of sailors

Francis of Assisi – patron saint of animals. Born Giovanni Francesco di Bernardone, he was an Italian Catholic friar and preacher. He founded the men's Franciscan Order, the women’s Order of St. Clare, and the Third Order of Saint Francis for men and women not living monastic lives

Giles – patron saint of lepers and disabled people

Lawrence – patron saint of cooks and librarians. St Lawrence was a deacon of the church in Rome. In the year 258 he was martyred for his faith by being roasted on a gridiron

Jude – patron saint of lost causes

Lucy – patron saint of the blind

Luke – patron saint of doctors and artists

Mark – patron saint of Venice

Matthew – patron saint of tax collectors and accountants

Michael – patron saint of grocers

Mungo, also known as Saint Kentigern – patron saint and founder of the city of Glasgow

Nicholas – patron saint of children and pawnbrokers. Nicholas was born in Asia Minor (Greek Anatolia), part of present day Turkey

Patrick – patron saint of Ireland. Patrick (c. 387–493) was a Romano-Briton and Christian missionary, who is the most generally recognized patron saint of Ireland. When he was about 16 he was captured from Britain by Irish raiders and taken as a slave to Ireland, where he lived for six years before escaping and returning to his family. After entering the Church, he returned to Ireland as an ordained bishop in the north and west of the island. By the eighth century he had come to be revered as the patron saint of Ireland. Reputed to be buried in Downpatrick. Legend credits Saint Patrick with teaching the Irish about the doctrine of the Holy Trinity by showing people the shamrock

Swithun – patron saint of Winchester

Veronica – patron saint of photography

Vitus – patron saint of comedians and dancers. Saint Vitus was a Christian saint from Sicily. He died as a martyr during the persecution of Christians by co-ruling Roman Emperors Diocletian and Maximian in 303

Patron saints of European countries – Boniface (Germany), Denis (France), James (Spain), Leopold (Austria), Stanislaus (Poland), Paul (Malta), George (Georgia), Nicholas and Andrew (Greece)

Genevieve was the patron saint of Paris in Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox tradition

The first patron saint of England was Saint Edmund, an East Anglian Anglo Saxon King who was born around 840 and died c. 869, who was martyred by the Danes

Saint Agnes is depicted with a lamb

Saint Aidan of Lindisfarne, the Apostle of Northumbria (died 651), was the founder and first bishop of the monastery on the island of Lindisfarne. A Christian missionary, he is credited with restoring Christianity to Northumbria

Saint Alban was the first British Christian martyr. Along with his fellow saints Julius and Aaron, Alban is one of three martyrs remembered from Roman Britain in the 3rd century AD

Saint Bernard of Clairvaux was a French abbot and the primary builder of the reforming Cistercian order

Saint Brendan of Clonfert was called The Navigator. He is chiefly renowned for his legendary quest to the ‘Isle of the Blessed,’ also called Saint Brendan's Island in the 6th century

Saint Columba was granted land on the island of Iona off the west coast of Scotland which became the centre of his evangelising mission to the Picts, in 563

Saint Cuthbert was an Anglo-Saxon monk, bishop and hermit associated with the monasteries of Melrose and Lindisfarne. Afterwards he became one of the most important medieval saints of England, a cult centred at Durham Cathedral

Saint Dunstan was a 10th century Archbishop of Canterbury, who ‘seized the devil by the nose with red hot tongs’

Saint John the Evangelist is associated with the eagle

Saint John of the Cross was a major figure of the Counter-Reformation, a Spanish mystic, Catholic saint, Carmelite friar and priest

Saint Martin of Tours (316–397) was a Bishop of Tours whose shrine became a famous stopping-point for pilgrims on the road to Santiago de Compostela

Saint Ninian was the earliest known bishop to have visited Scotland

Saint Sebastian was a Christian saint and martyr, who is said to have been killed while the Roman emperor Diocletian engaged in the persecution of Christians in the 3rd century. He is commonly depicted in art and literature tied to a post and shot with arrows

Saint Stephen, the first Christian martyr, was stoned to death (c. 35 AD) by an infuriated mob encouraged by Saul of Tarsus, the future Saint Paul

Saint Teresa of the Infant Jesus has a shrine in Lisieux, Normandy

Saint Veronica, moved with pity as Jesus carried his cross to Golgotha, gave him her veil that he might wipe his forehead. Jesus accepted the offering and after using it handed it back to her, the image of his face miraculously impressed upon it

Sport and Leisure/Sport 2025

2025-10-07T15:30:19Z

QRNeditor: Added notes for September

== January ==
Jan 2

PDC World Darts Championship semi-finals – Littler bt Bunting, Van Gerwen bt Dobey

Jan 3

PDC final – Littler bt Van Gerwen

Jan 5

United Cup final (Sydney) – USA (Gauff and Fritz) bt Poland (Swiatek and Hurkacz)

Ilona Maher makes her debut for Bristol Bears Women

Jan 6

Hideki Matsuyama sets a new PGA Tour record score for 72 holes of 35 under par in winning the event at The Sentry in Hawaii

Four Hills Tournament – Daniel Tschofenig (Austria)

Jan 7

Tomorrow's Golf League (TGL) starts at the SoFi Center in Florida. Indoor golf league created by Tiger Woods and Rory McIlroy

Jan 9

Graham Potter replaces Julen Lopetegui as manager of West Ham

David Moyes replaces Sean Dyche as manager of Everton

Neil Robertson replaces Ronne O’Sullivan for the Masters

Jan 11

FA Cup third round –Man City 8 (James McAtee 3) Salford 0

Jan 12

FA Cup third round – Spurs bt Tamworth

Jan 13

Former Scotland rugby union captain Peter Brown dies

Jan 13

Australian Open first round – Jacob Fearnley bt Nick Kyrgios

Novak Djokovic is coached by Andy Murray for the first time

Tony Book dies

Jan 16

Amad Diallo hat-trick for Man Utd against Southampton

Jan 17

Australian Open third round – Alexander Zverev bt Jacob Fearnley

Denis Law dies

Jan 18

Australian Open third round – Swiatek bt Radacanu

Justin Kluivert hat-trick for Bournemouth against Newcastle

Masters semi-finals – Murphy bt Allen, Kyren Wilson bt Trump

Sean Murphy makes a 147 break

Jan 19

Australian Open third round – Alcaraz bt Draper

Investec Champions Cup – Toulouse 80 Leicester 12

Masters final – Murphy bt Wilson

Dubai Desert Classic – Tyrell Hatton

Jan 20

International Tennis Federation World Champions. Men’s – Sinner. Women’s – Swiatek

Jan 21

Australian Open quarter-final – Djokovic bt Alcaraz

Longines World’s Best Racehorse – City of Troy and Laurel River

Jan 23

Australian Open women’s semi-finals – Sabalenka bt Badosa, Keys bt Swiatek

Jan 24

Australian Open men’s semi-finals – Zverev bt Djokovic, Sinner bt Shelton

Mixed doubles final – Peers and Gadecki bt Smith and Birrell

Wheelchair men’s doubles – Hewett and Reid

Quad Wheelchair men’s doubles – Lapthorne and Schroder

Jan 25

Australian Open women’s final – Keys bt Sabalenka

Men’s doubles final – Patten and Heliovaara bt Bolelli and Vavassori

Wheelchair men’s singles – Hewett

Dango Outarra hat-trick for Bournemouth against Nottingham Forest

World Indoor Bowls Championship. Men’s – Jason Banks. Women’s – Julie Forrest

Pegasus World Cup – White Abarrio

Jan 26

Australian Open men’s final – Sinner bt Zverev

Women’s doubles final – Siniakova and Townsend bt Hsieh and Ostapenko

AFC Championship Game – Kansas City Chiefs bt Buffalo Bills

NFC Championship Game – Philadelphia Eagles bt Washington Commanders

British Basketball League (BBL) Trophy final – Newcastle Eagles bt Bristol Flyers

WBBL Trophy final – Caledonia Gladiators bt Oaklands Wolves

Naomi Girma moves from San Diego Wave to Chelsea for $1.1 million, breaking the world record for a women's soccer transfer

Jan 27

Big Bash League final – Hobart Hurricanes bt Sydney Thunder. First title. Mitchell Owen hit a century off 39 balls

Jan 28

ICC Cricketer of the Year awards –

Men's Cricketer of the Year (Sir Garfield Sobers Trophy) – Jasprit Bumrah

Men's Test Cricketer of the Year – Jasprit Bumrah

Men's ODI Cricketer of the Year – Azmatullah Omarzai (Afghanistan)

Men's T20 Cricketer of the Year – Arshdeep Singh

Women’s Cricketer of the Year (Rachael Heyhoe Flint Trophy) – Melie Kerr

Women's ODI Cricketer of the Year – Smriti Mandhana

Women's T20 Cricketer of the Year – Melie Kerr

Jan 29

Steve Smith passes the 10,000-run mark in Test cricket

Morgan Rogers hat-trick for Aston Villa against Celtic

Jan 31

Six Nations captains and coaches –

England – Maro Itoje and Steve Borthwick

Wales – Jac Morgan and Warren Gatland

Ireland – Caelan Doris and Simon Easterby

Scotland – Rory Darge and Finn Russell (co-captains) and Gregor Townsend

France – Antoine Dupont and Fabien Galthie

Italy – Michele Lamaro and Gonzalo Quesada

Simon Easterby was named as the interim head coach of the Ireland team while Andy Farrell is in charge of the British and Irish Lions for their tour to Australia

Rory Darge and Finn Russell were named as co-captains of the Scotland team, after original captain Sione Tuipulotu was ruled out of the competition due to injury

France 43 Wales 0. Romaine Ntamack sent off

Six Nations uses twenty-minute red cards for the first time

Jos Buttler criticises India's use of pace bowler Harshit Rana as a concussion substitute in the fourth T20 international, calling the change "not a like-for-like replacement"

== February ==
Feb 1

Women's Ashes: One-off Test (Melbourne) England 170 & 148 Australia 440 (Sutherland 163, Mooney 106) Australia won by an innings and 122 runs

Australia win series 16-0

Nottingham Forest 7 (Wood 3) Brighton 0

Scotland 31 Italy 19. Hat-trick for Huw Jones

Ireland 27 England 22. Cadan Murley scores a try for England on debut

Leeds 7 Cardiff 0

Irish Gold Cup – Galopin des Champs

Feb 2

Fifth T20 international – India 247-9 (Abhishek Sharma 135) England 97. India won by 150 runs

India win series 4-1

German Masters snooker final – Kyren Wilson bt Hawkins

World Masters darts final – Humphries bt Clayton

Irish Champion Hurdle – State Man

Luka Doncic moves from Dallas Mavericks to Los Angeles Lakers. Anthony Davies is traded to the Mavericks in exchange for Doncic

Feb 3

Transfer deadline day –

Ben Chilwell moves from Chelsea to Crystal Palace on loan

Mathys Tel moves from Bayern Munich to Tottenham on loan

Nico Gonzalez moves from Porto to Man City for £50 million

Marcus Rashford moves from Man Utd to Aston Villa on loan

Marco Asensio moves from Paris St-Germain to Aston Villa on loan

Joao Felix moves from Chelsea to AC Milan on loan

Feb 5

EFL Cup semi-final – Newcastle bt Arsenal

Feb 6

EFL Cup semi-final – Liverpool bt Spurs

Premier League starts in Belfast. Chris Dobey and Stephen Bunting replace Michael Smith and Peter Wright

Mark Hughes is appointed manager of Carlisle Utd

Feb 7

NFL MVP – Josh Allen (Buffalo Bills)

Feb 8

Italy 22 Wales 15

England 26 France 25. Winning try scored by Elliot Daly

Feb 9

FA Cup 4th round – Plymouth 1 (Ryan Hardie) Liverpool 0

Scottish Cup 5th round – Rangers 0 Queen’s Park 1

Scotland 18 Ireland 32

Super Bowl LIX – Philadelphia Eagles 40 Kansas City Chiefs 22

MVP – Jalen Hurts

Game played at Superdome, New Orleans

Half time show headlined by Kendrick Lamar

Feb 11

Warran Gatland leaves as head coach of Wales. Matt Sherratt takes over as interim head coach

Feb 12

European Track Cycling Championships start in Belgium

The last Merseyside derby at Goodison Park finishes 2-2. James Tarkowski scores last-minute equaliser for Everton

Feb 13

Leigh bt Wigan with golden point after the first 0-0 draw in Super League history

Feb 14

Men’s individual pursuit – Josh Charlton

Feb 15

Women’s individual pursuit – Anna Morris, who broke the world record twice in a day

Omar Marmoush hat-trick for Man City against Newcastle

Jannik Sinner accepts a three-month ban from tennis after reaching a settlement with the World Anti-Doping Agency over his two positive drugs tests last year

St Helens 82 Salford 0

Feb 16

Uganda's Jacob Kiplimo becomes the first person to run a half marathon below 57 minutes

European Track Cycling Championships end. Netherlands topped the medal table

Welsh Open final – Selby bt Maguire

Irish jockey Michael O’Sullivan dies

Feb 17

First test event at Everton’s new stadium. First goal scored by Harrison Rimmer for Wigan under-18s

Feb 18

Champions League Knockout Round Play-offs – Bayern Munich bt Celtic

Feb 19

Champions League Knockout Round Play-offs – Mbappe hat-trick for Real Madrid against Man City

Feb 22

Wales 18 Ireland 27. Garry Ringrose receives a 20-minute red card

England 16 Scotland 15. Finn Russell misses a last-minute conversion

ICC Champions Trophy – England 351-8 (Duckett 165) Australia 356-5 (Inglis 120)

World Seniors Darts Championship final – Ross Montgomery bt Graham Usher

Dmitry Bivol bt Artur Beterbiev to win the undisputed light-heavyweight world title

Saudi Cup – Forever Young

Feb 23

Mirra Andreeva becomes the youngest player to claim a WTA 1000 title after the 17-year-old won the Dubai Tennis Championships

Italy 24 France 73. A championship record of 14 tries were scored in the match

Philippe Clement is sacked as manager of Rangers

Mikaela Shiffrin wins 100th Alpine skiing World Cup race

Feb 26

ICC Champions Trophy – Afghanistan 325-7 (Ibrahim Zadran 177) England 317 (Root 120)

== March ==
Mar 1

ICC Champions Trophy – England 179 South Africa 181-3

Joss Buttler resigns as captain of England

Wigan bt Warrington. Match played in Las Vegas, in first-ever Super League match played outside the UK

Australia Jillaroos 90 Great Britain Lionesses 4. Match played in Las Vegas

World Open final – John Higgins bt Joe O’Connor

Mar 2

UK Open darts final – Littler bt Wade

HSBC Women’s World Championship – Lydia Ko

Mar 4

ICC Champions Trophy semi-final – India bt Australia

Champions League round of 16 – PSV Eindhoven 1 Arsenal 7

LeBron James becomes the first player in NBA history to score 50,000 combined points (regular season and postseason)

Mar 5

ICC Champions Trophy semi-final – New Zealand bt South Africa

Mar 6

Fred Stolle dies

European Indoor Athletics Championships start in Apeldoorn, Netherlands

Mar 7

Lauren Price bt Natasha Jonas to unify the welterweight division

Mar 8

Ireland 27 France 42. Damian Penaud scores his 38th international try, to become France's joint top try scorer in test history (tied with Serge Blanco)

Scotland 35 Wales 29

Men’s 60m – Jeremiah Azu

Mar 9

England 47 Italy 24. 100th Test cap for Jamie George

World Grand Prix final – Robertson 10 Bingham 0

ICC Champions Trophy final (Dubai) – India bt New Zealand

Player of the Series – Rachin Ravindra (New Zealand)

Men’s 3000m – Jakob Ingebritsen. Silver – George Mills

Women’s 3000m – Sarah Healy (Ireland). Silver – Melissa Courtney-Bryant

Mar 11

Champion Hurdle – Golden Ace (Lorcan Williams), trained by Jeremy Scott. 2nd Burdett Road 3rd Winter Fog (150-1)

Supreme Novices Hurdle is renamed as a tribute to jockey Michael O'Sullivan

Champions League round of 16 – Paris St-Germain bt Liverpool

Foster and Partners to design new Man Utd stadium

Mar 12

Queen Mother Champion Chase – Marine Nationale

Mar 13

Stayers’ Hurdle – Bob Olinger

Ryanair Chase – Fact to File

Mar 14

Gold Cup – Inothewayurthinkin (Mark Walsh), trained by Gavin Cromwell. 2nd Galopin des Champs 3rd Gentlemansgame. Corbetts Cross suffered a fatal injury after a fall

Prestbury Cup – Ireland bt GB

Leading Jockey – Paul Townend

Leading Trainer – Willie Mullins

Mar 15

Italy 17 Ireland 22. Hat-trick for Dan Sheehan

Wales 14 England 68. Tommy Freeman scored in all five games. Two tries on debut for Henry Pollock

France 35 Scotland 16. Louis Bielle-Biarrey scored in all five games

Thomas Ramos becomes France's all-time top test points scorer, overtaking the record of 436 held by Frederic Michalak

Six Nations final table – France, England, Ireland, Scotland, Italy, Wales

Leading points scorer – Thomas Ramos (71)

Leading try scorer – Louis Bielle-Biarrey (8)

Player of the tournament – Louis Bielle-Biarrey

The Six Nations Championship concluded with 829 points and 108 tries scored across 15 matches – both new tournament records

Women’s League Cup final – Chelsea bt Man City

Women’s Premier League final – Mumbai Indians bt Delhi Capitals

Mar 16

EFL Cup final – Newcastle 2 (Burn, Isak) Liverpool 1 (Chiesa). Newcastle win first major trophy since 1969 Fairs Cup and first domestic silverware since 1955 FA Cup

Premiership Women's Rugby final – Gloucester-Hartpury bt Saracens

Premiership Rugby Cup final – Bath bt Exeter

Formula 1 teams –

Red Bull – Max Verstappen, Liam Lawson

McLaren – Lando Norris, Oscar Piastri

Ferrari – Charles Leclerc, Lewis Hamilton

Mercedes – George Russell, Andrea Kimi Antonelli (Italy)

Aston Martin – Fernando Alonso, Lance Stroll

Alpine – Pierre Gasly, Jack Doohan (Australia)

Racing Bulls – Yuki Tsunoda, Isack Hadjar (France)

Haas – Esteban Ocon, Oliver Bearman

Williams – Carlos Sainz, Alexander Albon

Sauber – Nico Hulkenberg, Gabriel Bortoleto (Brazil)

Australian GP – Norris, Verstappen, Russell. 5th Antonelli. 10th Hamilton

Indian Wells women’s final – Andreeva bt Sabalenka

Indian Wells men’s final – Draper bt Rune

The Players Championship – McIlroy bt J.J. Spaun in a play-off

Mar 20

Eddie Jordan dies

Kirsty Coventry is elected as the new president of the International Olympic Committee. 2nd Juan Antonio Samaranch Jr 3rd Sebastian Coe

Mar 21

World Indoor Athletics Championships start in Nanjing

Men’s 60m – Azu

England 2 (Lewis-Skelly, Kane) Albania 0

First game as England manager for Thomas Tuchel. Debuts for Myles Lewis-Skelly and Dan Burn

Mar 22

George Foreman dies

Women’s 400m – Amber Anning

Jon Lewis sacked as coach and Heather Knight sacked as captain of England women’s cricket team

Sprint race at Chinese GP won by Lewis Hamilton

Oscar Piastri takes pole position for the first time for the Chinese GP

Mar 23

Chinese GP – Piastri, Norris, Russell

Men’s 1500m – Ingebrigtsen. Silver – Neil Gourley

Women’s 1500m. Bronze – Georgia Hunter Bell

USA topped the medal table

Players Championship final – Kyren Wilson bt Trump

Mar 24

Morgan Rogers debut for England against Latvia. First England goal for Eberechi Eze

Mar 25

TGL final – Atlanta Drive GC bt New York GC

Mar 26

Liam Lawson swaps places with Japanese driver Yuki Tsunoda and return to Red Bull's second team, Racing Bulls, after being dropped by Red Bull after two races

Mar 27

Peter Lever dies

Alpine Ski World Cup –

Men’s overall and downhill – Marco Odermatt

Women’s overall and downhill – Federica Brignone

Mar 28

Daria Kasatkina switches her allegiance to Australia

Mar 29

Miami Open women’s final – Sabalenka bt Pegula

Miami Open men’s doubles final – Arevalo and Pavic bt Cash and Glasspool

World Figure Skating Championships (Boston) –

Men – Ilia Malinin (USA)

Women – Aylsa Liu (USA)

Pairs – Riku Miura and Ryuichi Kihara (Japan)

Ice dance – Madison Chock and Evan Bates (USA). Bronze – Lilah Fear and Lewis Gibson

Mar 30

Scottish Challenge Cup final –Livingston bt Queen’s Park

Men’s Ski Jumping World Cup – Daniel Tschofenig

Women’s Ski Jumping World Cup – Nika Prevc

Freestyle Ski and Snowboard World Championships (St Moritz) –

Women’s ski halfpipe – Zoe Atkin

Women’s snowboard cross. Silver – Charlotte Bankes

Lincoln Handicap – Godwinson

Miami Open men’s final – Jakub Mensik (Czech Republic) bt Djokovic

Rory McIlroy becomes the second golfer after Tiger Woods to exceed $100m (£77m) in career earnings on the PGA Tour

== April ==
Apr 1

Charlotte Edwards is appointed head coach of England women’s cricket team

Apr 3

Aintree Hurdle – Lossiemouth

Apr 4

Melling Chase – Jonbon

Topham Chase – Gentleman De Mee

Apr 5

Grand National – Nick Rockett (Patrick Mullins), trained by Willie Mullins 2nd I Am Maximus 3rd Grangeclare West

Willie Mullins trained the horses that finished first, second, third, fifth and seventh

Celebre d’Allen died following the race. Jockey Michael Nolan was handed a 10-day suspension

Champions Cup round of 16 – Toulon 72 Saracens 42

Champions Cup round of 16 – Leinster 62 Harlequins 0

Dubai World Cup – Hit Show

Apr 6

Japanese GP – Verstappen, Norris, Piastri

Somerset 670-7 (Banton 371) vs Worcestershire

Southampton are the first Premier League side to be relegated with seven games left after losing to Spurs

Tour Championship snooker final – Higgins bt Selby

Alex Ovechkin becomes the National Hockey League's highest all-time scorer by hitting his 895th career goal to surpass Wayne Gretzky's 31-year mark

Apr 7

Harry Brook is named England white-ball captain

Apr 9

Masters par 3 contest – Nicolas Echavarria

Apr 11

Jimmy Anderson is awarded a knighthood in Rishi Sunak's resignation honours list

Apr 12

Semi-automated offsides start in Premier League

Scottish Grand National – Captain Cody

Apr 13

Bahrain GP – Piastri, Russell, Norris

The Masters – McIlroy 2nd Rose 3rd Reed

McIlroy won on first play-off hole

The Boat Race – Cambridge win men’s and women’s races

EFL Trophy final – Peterborough bt Birmingham. Currently known as the Vertu Trophy for sponsorship reasons

Apr 14

Jackson Page becomes the first player to make a maximum 147 break twice in one match in qualifier for the World Snooker Championship, winning £147,000

Apr 15

Champions League quarter-finals – PSG bt Aston Villa, Barcelona bt Borussia Dortmund

Apr 16

Champions League quarter-finals – Arsenal bt Real Madrid, Inter Milan bt Bayern Munich

Apr 17

Europa League quarter-final – Athletic Bilbao bt Rangers, Man Utd bt Lyon 5-4 (7-6 on aggregate)

Apr 19

Fourteen-year-old Vaibhav Suryavanshi hits his first ball for six having become the youngest player to ever feature in the Indian Premier League

World Snooker Championship first round – Lei Peifan bt Kyren Wilson

Apr 20

Saudi Arabia GP – Piastri, Verstappen, Leclerc

Apr 21

Leeds Utd 6 (Joel Piroe 4) Stoke 0. Leeds are promoted to the Premier League

Irish Grand National – Haiti Couleurs

Wisden leading cricketers in the world – Jasprit Bumrah and Smriti Mandhana

Cricketers of the Year – Gus Atkinson, Liam Dawson, Sophie Ecclestone, Jamie Smith, Dan Worrall

World's leading T20 player – Nicholas Pooran

Laureus World Sports Awards –

Sportsman of the Year award – Mondo Duplantis

Sportswoman of the Year award – Simone Biles

Team of the Year award – Real Madrid

Breakthrough of the Year award – Lamine Yamal

Comeback of the Year award – Rebeca Andrade

Sportsperson of the Year with a Disability award – Yuyan Jiang (Chinese para swimmer)

Action Sportsperson of the Year award – Tom Pidcock

Sport for Good award – Kick4Life (football in Lesotho)

Apr 24

World Snooker Championship first round – Ben Woolaston bt Mark Selby

Apr 25

World Snooker Championship second round – Mark Allen 147 against Chris Wakelin

Apr 26

FA Cup semi-final – Crystal Palace bt Aston Villa

Women's Six Nations – England 43 France 42

England win a fourth consecutive Women's Six Nations Grand Slam and a seventh straight title

Top points scorer –

Morgane Bourgeois (France) 73

Top try scorer – Abby Dow (England) 6

Chris Eubank Jr bt Conor Benn. Fight held at Tottenham Hotspur Stadium

Apr 27

London Marathon –

Men’s – Sabastian Sawe (Kenya). 14th Alex Yee

Women’s – Tigst Assefa (Ethiopia) in a women's-only record time. 8th Eilish McColgan

Men’s wheelchair – Marcel Hug (Switzerland). Seventh win

Women’s wheelchair – Catherine Debrunner (Switzerland)

FA Cup semi-final – Man City bt Nottingham Forest

Liverpool 5 Spurs 1. Liverpool win 20th title

Women’s Champions League semi-finals – Barcelona bt Chelsea 8-2 on aggregate, Arsenal bt Lyon

Gloucester 79 Exeter17

NFL draft first pick – Cam Ward (Tennessee Titans)

Chevron Championship – Mao Saigo (Japan)

EFL Awards –

Championship Manager of the Year – Scott Parker (Burnley)

Championship Player of the Year – Gustavo Hamer (Sheffield Utd)

Championship Young Player of the Year – Jobe Bellingham (Sunderland)

Apr 28

Rajasthan Royals' 14-year-old batter Vaibhav Suryavanshi becomes the youngest player to hit a century in men's T20s

Apr 29

Nat Sciver-Brunt is appointed as captain of England women’s cricket team

== May ==
May 2

Gregg Popovich steps down from his position as head coach of the San Antonio Spurs after 29 seasons with the team

May 3

2000 Guineas – Ruling Court (William Buick), trained by Charlie Appleby

Kentucky Derby – Sovereignty

World Snooker Championship semi-finals – Zhao Xintong bt O’Sullivan 17-7, Williams bt Trump 17-14

Kimi Antonelli, aged 18, becomes the youngest driver to take a Formula 1 pole position in the sprint event at the Miami Grand Prix

British jump trainers' championship – Willie Mullins

British jump jockeys' championship – Sean Bowen

European Champions Cup semi-final – Leinster 34 Northampton 37

May 4

1000 Guineas – Desert Flower (William Buick), trained by Charlie Appleby

Madrid Open men’s final – Ruud bt Draper

European Champions Cup semi-final – Bordeaux bt Toulouse

Peter McParland dies

Miami GP – Piastri, Norris, Russell

World Rugby Sevens Series (SVNS) – Argentina

May 5

World Snooker Championship final – Zhao Xintong bt Williams 18-12

Jochen Mass dies

May 6

Champions League semi-final – Inter Milan bt Barcelona 7-6 on aggregate

May 7

Champions League semi-final – PSG bt Arsenal

Argentine Franco Colapinto will drive for Alpine for the next five Grands Prix, replacing Jack Doohan

NHL expansion team Utah Hockey Club are renamed Utah Mammoth

May 8

Europa League semi-finals – Spurs bt Bodo / Glint (Norway), Man Utd bt Athletic Bilbao

Europa Conference League semi-final – Chelsea bt Djurgarden (Sweden), Real Betis bt Fiorentina

May 9

FWA Footballer of the Year – Mo Salah

Women’s Award – Alessia Russo (Arsenal)

Giro d’Italia starts in Durres, Albania

May 10

World Snooker Tour Player of the Year – Judd Trump

Saracens 75 Newcastle 28

Women’s Super League – Chelsea. Sixth successive title

May 11

FA Trophy final – Aldershot Town bt Spennymoor Town

FA Vase final – Whitstable Town bt AFC Whyteleafe

World Snooker Seniors Championship final – Alfie Burden bt Aaron Canavan

Badminton Horse Trials – Rosalind Canter, riding Lordships Graffalo

May 12

Real Madrid manager Carlo Ancelotti will leave at the end of the season to become the new national team coach of Brazil

May 17

FA Cup final – Crystal Palace 1 (Eze) Man City 0. Henderson saved a penalty from Marmoush

Italian Open women’s final – Paolini bt Gauff

Preakness Stakes – Journalism

May 18

Women’s FA Cup final – Chelsea bt Man Utd

Italian Open men’s final – Alcaraz bt Sinner

Everton 2 (Ndiaye 2) Southampton 0. Final Premier League match at Goodison Park. The new arena at Bramley Moore Dock is now known as the Hill Dickinson Stadium

Jamie Vardy scores his 200th goal for Leicester City in his 500th - and final - appearance for the club

Emilia-Romagna Grand Prix (Imola) – Verstappen, Norris, Piastri

US PGA Championship (Quail Hollow) – Scheffler. 2nd DeChambeau, Harris English, Davis Riley

World Squash Championships (Chicago). Men – Mostafa Asal (Egypt). Women – Nour El Sherbini (Egypt). 8th title for El Sherbini

Super League Basketball Championship final – Leicester Riders bt Newcastle Eagles

Women's Super League play-off final – Sheffield Hatters bt Oaklands Wolves

May 20

Nino Benvenuti dies

May 21

Europa League final (Bilbao) – Spurs 1 (Johnson) Man Utd 0

May 22

Sam Cook makes debut for England against Zimbabwe

May 23

European Challenge Cup final (Cardiff) – Bath bt Lyon

May 24

Championship play-off final – Sunderland 2 Sheffield Utd 1. Winning goal scored by Tom Watson

Promoted – Leeds, Burnley, Sunderland

Relegated – Luton, Plymouth, Cardiff

Leading scorer – Joel Piroe (Leeds) 19 goals

Burnley only conceded 16 goals, and did not concede more than one goal in any match

Scottish Cup final – Aberdeen bt Celtic

Women’s Champions League final (Lisbon) – Arsenal 1 (Blackstenius) Barcelona 0

Champions Cup final (Cardiff) – Bordeaux 28 Northampton 20. Man-of-the-match – Maxime Lucu

Premier League player of the season – Mo Salah

One-off Test (Trent Bridge) England 565-6 dec (Pope 171, Duckett 140, Crawley 124) Zimbabwe 265 (Bennett 139) and 255 (Bashir 6-81). England won by an innings and 45 runs

May 25

Premier League – Liverpool. 2nd Arsenal. 3rd Man City

Relegated – Leicester, Ipswich, Southampton

Leading Scorer – Mo Salah (Liverpool) 29 goals

Southampton ended the season with 12 points, one more than Derby County's record Premier League low total of 11 points from 2007-08

League One play-off final – Charlton bt Leyton Orient

Promoted – Birmingham, Wrexham, Charlton

Relegated – Bristol Rovers, Crawley, Cambridge, Shrewsbury

Leading scorer – Charlie Kelman (Leyton Orient) 21 goals

Birmingham ended the season with an EFL record 111 points

Monaco GP – Norris, Leclerc, Piastri

Xabi Alonso leaves Bayer Leverkusen to become manager of Real Madrid

Erik Ten Hag is appointed head coach of Bayer Leverkusen

Indianapolis 500 – Alex Palou

Pakistan Super League final – Lahore Qalandars bt Quetta Gladiators

Men's Ice Hockey World Championships – USA

World’s strongest man – Rayno Nel (South Africa)

May 26

League Two play-off final – Wimbledon bt Walsall

Promoted – Doncaster, Port Vale, Bradford City, Wimbledon

Relegated – Carlisle, Morecambe

Leading scorer – Michael Cheek (Bromley)

Scottish Premiership – Celtic. 2nd Rangers

Relegated – St. Johnstone, Ross County

Leading scorer – Cyriel Dessers (Rangers)

Scottish Premiership play-off – Livingston bt Ross County

Scottish Championship – Falkirk

Scottish League One – Arbroath

Scottish League Two – Peterhead

Highland League – Brora Rangers

Lowland League – East Kilbride

Scottish League Two play-off final – East Kilbride bt Bonnyrigg Rose

European Artistic Gymnastics Championships start in Leipzig

May 27

Premier League Manager of the Season – Arne Slot

League Managers Association manager of the year – Arne Slot

Serie A – Napoli. MVP – Scott McTominay (Napoli)

La Liga – Barcelona

Bundesliga – Bayern Munich

Primeira Liga – Sporting CP

Ligue 1 – Paris St-Germain

Eredivisie – PSV Eindhoven

World Women's Snooker Championship – Bai Yulu

Men’s Team gymnastics – GB

May 28

Europa Conference League final (Wroclaw) – Chelsea 4 Real Betis 1

French Open women’s singles second round – Swiatek bt Radacanu

Mixed Team. Silver – GB (Jake Jarman and Ruby Evans)

May 29

French Open women’s singles second round – Keys bt Boulter

Premier League Darts finals night (O2 Arena). Semi-finals – Humphries bt Aspinall, Littler bt Price. Final – Humphries bt Littler

May 30

Men’s Floor – Luke Whitehouse. Silver – Harry Hepworth

Jeremie Frimpong moves from Bayer Leverkusen to Liverpool

May 31

Champions League final (Munich) – Paris St-Germain 5 Inter Milan 0. Desire Doue scores two goals and was named man of the match

Bath finish top of Premiership Rugby. Newcastle Falcons finish bottom

A-League Grand Final – Melbourne City bt Melbourne Victory

French Open men’s singles third round – Norrie bt Fearnley

Men’s vault. Silver – Jake Jarman

== June ==
Jun 1

National League Promotion Play-offs final – Oldham bt Southend

National League champions – Barnet

Spanish GP – Piastri, Russell, Leclerc

Joe Root becomes England's leading run-scorer in ODI cricket, overtaking Eoin Morgan (6,957 runs)

U.S. Women’s Open – Maja Stark (Sweden)

Giro d’Italia – Simon Yates (Visma-Lease a Bike)

Jun 2

French Open men’s singles fourth round – Djokovic bt Norrie, Bublik bt Draper

Jun 3

Premiership Rugby player of the year – Tomos Williams (Gloucester)

Premiership Women's Rugby player of the year – Meg Jones (Leicester)

England player of the year – Tommy Freeman (Northampton)

England women player of the year – Zoe Aldcroft (Gloucester-Hartpury)

Breakthrough player of the season – Henry Pollock (Northampton)

Indian Premier League final – Royal Challengers Bengaluru bt Punjab Kings

Player of the series – Suryakumar Yadav (Mumbai Indians)

Most runs (Orange Cap) – Sai Sudharsan (Gujarat Titans)

Most wickets (Purple Cap) – Prasidh Krishna (Gujarat Titans)

UEFA Nations League semi-final – Portugal bt Germany

Jun 5

French Open women’s semi-finals – Sabalenka bt Swiatek, Gauff bt Lois Boisson (France)

Lois Boisson was a wildcard and world number 361

French Open mixed doubles final – Errani and Vavassori bt Townsend and King

UEFA Nations League semi-final – Spain 5 France 4

Russell Martin is appointed as manager of Rangers

Jun 6

French Open men’s semi-finals – Alcaraz bt Musetti, Sinner bt Djokovic

Ange Postecoglou sacked as manager of Spurs

Premiership Rugby semi-final – Bath bt Bristol

The Oaks – Minnie Hauk (Ryan Moore), trained by Aidan O’Brien

Jun 7

Epsom Derby – Lambourn (Wayne Lordan), trained by Aidan O’Brien. 2nd Lazy Griff 3rd Tennessee

French Open women’s final – Gauff bt Sabalenka

French Open men’s doubles final – Granollers and Zeballos bt Salisbury and Skupski

Premiership Rugby semi-final – Leicester bt Sale

Women’s Challenge Cup final – Wigan bt St Helens

Challenge Cup final – Hull KR bt Warrington. Lance Todd trophy – Marc Sneyd (Warrington)

Belmont Stakes – Sovereignty

Jun 8

French Open men’s final – Alcaraz bt Sinner. The match lasted five hours and 29 minutes - the longest French Open final in history

French Open women’s doubles final – Errani and Paolini bt Danilina and Krunic

UEFA Nations League final – Portugal 2 Spain 2. Portugal won on penalties

Jun 9

Uriah Rennie dies

Jun 10

England 1 Senegal 3. First time that England have lost to an African nation. Match played at City Ground, Nottingham

First summer transfer window closes –

Matheus Cunha moves from Wolves to Man Utd

Dean Huisjen moves from Bournemouth to Real Madrid

Rayan Ait-Nouri moves from Wolves to Man City

Rayan Cherki moves from Lyon to Man City

Tijjani Reijnders moves from AC Milan to Man City

Liam Delap moves from Ipswich to Chelsea

Jobe Bellingham moves from Sunderland to Borussia Dortmund

Nicholas Pooran retires from international cricket

Jun 12

Kevin de Bruyne moves from Man City to Napoli

Trent Alexander-Arnold moves from Liverpool to Real Madrid

Brentford manager Thomas Frank moves to Spurs

Patrick Reed makes albatross in first round of US Open

Aaron Rodgers moves from New York Jets to Pittsburgh Steelers

Jun 14

ICC World Test Championship final (Lord’s) – Australia 212 (Rabada 5-51) and 207 South Africa 138 (Cummins 6-28) and 282-5 (Markram 136). South Africa won by five wickets

Premiership Rugby final – Bath 23 Leicester 21. Man of the match – Guy Pepper. Bath’s first title since 1996

Premiership Rugby top try scorer – Ollie Hassell-Collins (Leicester), Gabriel Ibitoye (Bristol) 13 tries

Premiership Rugby top points scorer – Finn Russell (Bath) 156 points

United Rugby Championship final – Leinster bt Bulls

World Cup of Darts second round – Germany bt England (Littler and Humphries)

King’s Birthday Honours –

Knighthood – David Beckham, Billy Boston

CBE – Virginia Wade

OBE – Deta Hedman, Devon Malcolm

MBE – Luke Littler, Luke Humphries, Michael Dunlop

Jun 15

Canadian GP – Russell, Verstappen, Antonelli. First podium for Antonelli

WTA Queen's Club Championships final – Tatjana Maria (Germany) bt Amanda Anisimova (USA)

World Cup of Darts final – Northern Ireland (Gurney and Rock) bt Wales (Price and Clayton)

US Open (Oakmont) – Spaun. 2nd Macintyre. 3rd Hovland

Le Mans 24 Hours – Ferrari 499P (Robert Kubica, Yifei Ye, Phil Hanson)

FIFA Club World Cup Group C – Bayern Munich 10 Auckland City 0

English Greyhound Derby – Droopys Plunge

Jun 17

St James’s Palace Stakes – Field of Gold

Stanley Cup finals – Florida Panthers bt Edmonton Oilers

Finals MVP – Sam Bennett

Regular season MVP – Connor Hellebuyck (Winnipeg Jets)

Regular season top scorer – Nikita Kucherov (Tampa Bay Lightning)

Jun 18

Prince of Wales's Stakes – Ombudsman

Royal Hunt Cup – My Cloud

Jun 19

Gold Cup – Trawlerman (William Buick)

King George V Stakes – Merchant

Jun 20

Coronation Stakes – Cercene

Leading jockey at Ascot – Ryan Moore

Leading trainer at Ascot – John and Thady Gosden

Florian Wirtz moves from Bayer Leverkusen to Liverpool for £116 million

British and Irish Lions 24 Argentina 28. Match played in Dublin

Jun 21

ATP Queen's Club Championships semi-finals – Jiri Lehecka (Czech Republic) bt Draper, Alcaraz bt Bautista Agut

Ian McLauchlan dies

Super Rugby Pacific final – Crusaders bt Chiefs

Jun 22

ATP Queen's Club Championships final – Alcaraz bt Lehecka

ATP Queen's Club Championships doubles final – Cash and Glasspool bt Mektic and Venus

David ‘Syd’ Lawrence dies

NBA finals – Oklahoma City Thunder bt Indiana Pacers

Finals MVP – Shai Gilgeous-Alexander (Oklahoma City Thunder)

Regular season MVP – Shai Gilgeous-Alexander

Regular season top scorer – Shai Gilgeous-Alexander

Women’s PGA Championship – Minjee Lee

Hickstead Derby – Robert Whitaker

Jun 24

Anderson–Tendulkar Trophy is awarded to the winner of each Test cricket series between England and India

First Test (Headingley) India 471 (Gill 147, Pant 134, Jaiswal 101) and 364 (Rahul 137, Pant 118) England 465 (Pope 106, Brook 99, Bumrah 5-83) & 373-5 (Duckett 149) England won by five wickets

Josh Tongue took three wickets in four balls

Jun 25

18-year-old Cooper Flagg is selected with the first overall pick by Dallas Mavericks in the NBA draft

Jun 26

Milos Kerkez moves from Bournemouth to Liverpool

Jun 27

Keith Andrews is appointed as manager of Brentford

Ruud van Nistelrooy is sacked as manager of Leicester City

Jun 28

British and Irish Lions bt Western Force in the first game of their tour of Australia

Tomos Williams sustains a hamstring injury ruling him out for the rest of the tour, leaving Jac Morgan as the only Welsh player in the squad

Women’s T20 – India 210-5 (Mandhana 112) England 113

UEFA U21 Championship final (Bratislava) – England 3 Germany 2. Winning goal scored by Jonathan Rowe

Player of the tournament – Harvey Elliott

Eastbourne International women’s final – Joint bt Eala

Eastbourne International men’s final – Fritz bt Brooksby

Top 14 final – Toulouse bt Bordeaux-Begles

Jun 29

Wayne Larkins dies

Austrian GP – Norris, Piastri, Leclerc. 8th Bortoleto, scoring his first points in Formula 1

Irish Derby – Lambourn

Jun 30

Surrey 820-9 dec (Sibley 305) against Durham

FIFA Club World Cup Last 16 – Al-Hilal 4 Man City 3

== July ==
Jul 2

UEFA Women's Euro 2025 starts in Switzerland

Wimbledon men’s singles second round – Alvarez bt Oliver Tarvet

Jarell Quansah moves from Liverpool to Bayer Leverkusen

Joao Pedro moves from Brighton to Chelsea

Jul 3

Diogo Jota dies

Wimbledon men’s singles second round – Djokovic bt Evans, Cilic bt Draper

Jul 4

Wimbledon women’s singles third round – Sabalenka bt Radacanu

Jul 5

Coral-Eclipse Stakes – Delacroix

Tour de France Grand Depart takes place in Lille

Group D – France 2 England 1

Kyle Walker moves from Man City to Burnley

Jul 6

British GP – Norris, Piastri, Hulkenberg. First-ever podium for Hulkenberg

Second Test (Edgbaston) India 587 (Gill 269) and 428-6 dec (Gill 161) England 407 (Brook 158, Smith 184, Siraj 6-70) and 271 (Deep 6-99) India won by 336 runs

Wimbledon women’s singles fourth round – Anastasia Pavlyuchenkova bt Sonay Kartal

Netball Super League grand final – London Pulse bt Loughborough Lightning

Copa America final (Houston) – Mexico bt USA

Martin Zubimendi moves from Real Sociedad to Arsenal

Jul 7

South Africa’s captain Wiann Mulder declares on 367 not out against Zimbabwe

Jul 8

Wimbledon men’s singles quarter-final – Alcaraz bt Norrie

FIFA Club World Cup semi-final – Chelsea 2 Fluminense 0. Joao Pedro scores both goals on his Chelsea debut

Jul 9

Laurent Mekies replaces Christian Horner as team principal at Red Bull

FIFA Club World Cup semi-final – PSG 4 Real Madrid 0

Group D – England 4 Netherlands 0

State of Origin – Queensland Maroons bt New South Wales Blues

Jul 10

Mohammed Kudus moves from West Ham to Spurs for £55 million

Wimbledon women’s singles semi-finals – Anisimova bt Sabalenka, Swiatek bt Bencic

Wimbledon mixed doubles final – Siniakova and Verbeek bt Stefani and Salisbury

Jul 11

World Aquatics Championships start in Singapore

Wimbledon men’s singles semi-finals – Alcaraz bt Fritz, Sinner bt Djokovic

Joe Root breaks Rahul Dravid’s record of 210 Test match catches by a non-wicketkeeper

Crystal Palace demoted from Europa League over ownership rules

Anthony Elanga moves from Nottingham Forest to Newcastle

Jul 12

Wimbledon women’s singles final – Swiatek bt Anisimova 6-0 6-0. First double bagel in a Wimbledon final since 1911

Wimbledon men’s doubles final – Cash and Glasspool bt Hijikata and Pel. First all-British pair to win the men's doubles since 1936

Men’s doubles wheelchair – De La Puente and Spaargaren bt Hewett and Reid

Women’s wheelchair – Wang Ziying

Wales rugby union team break 18-match losing run with win in Japan

Jul 13

Wimbledon men’s singles final – Sinner bt Alcaraz

Wimbledon women’s doubles final – Kudermetova and Mertens bt Hsieh and Ostapenko

Men’s wheelchair – Oda bt Hewett

Scottish Open – Chris Gotterup (USA)

Evian Championship – Grace Kim. 3rd Lottie Woad

FIFA Club World Cup final (MetLife Stadium, New Jersey) – Chelsea 3 (Palmer 2, Joao Pedro) PSG 0

Group D – England 6 Wales 1

Jul 14

Third Test (Lord’s) England 387 (Root 104, Bumrah 5-74) and 192 India 387 (Rahul 100) and 170 England won by 22 runs

Ben Healy becomes the first Irish rider to claim the yellow jersey in the Tour de France for 38 years

Australia bowl out West Indies for 27, just one run more than New Zealand's 26 all out against England in 1955. Mitchell Starc took 6-9, including his 400th Test wicket

Jul 17

Canada forward Olivia Smith becomes the most expensive signing in women's football history by completing a £1m move to Arsenal from Liverpool

Quarter-final – England 2 (Bronze, Agyemang) Sweden 2. England win 3-2 on penalties

Nine of the 14 penalties in the shootout were missed

Ruth Chepngetich, the women's marathon world record holder, is provisionally suspended after testing positive for a banned substance

Jul 18

Noni Madueke moves from Chelsea to Arsenal

Sean Longstaff moves from Newcastle to Leeds

Jul 19

First Test (Suncorp Stadium, Brisbane) – Australia 19 British and Irish Lions 27

First Lions try scored by Sione Tuipulotu

Oleksandr Usyk stops Daniel Dubois to reclaim undisputed heavyweight title

Quarter-final – Germany 1 France 1. Germany win 6-5 on penalties

Hole in one for John Parry at The Open Championship

Jul 20

The Open Championship (Royal Portrush) – Scheffler. 2nd English. 3rd Gotterup

All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship final – Tipperary bt Cork

Jul 21

Bryan Mbeumo moves from Brentford to Man Utd for £65 million

Jul 22

Semi-final – England 2 (Agyemang, Kelly) Italy 1

Joey Jones dies

British and Irish Lions bt First Nations & Pacifica XV

Jul 23

Semi-final – Spain 1 Germany 0

Championship League Snooker final – Maguire bt O’Connor

Hugo Ekitike moves from Eintracht Frankfurt Liverpool for £69 million

Marcus Rashford moves from Man Utd to Barcelona on loan

Jul 24

Hulk Hogan dies

Jul 25

Root overtakes Kallis, Dravid and Ponting to go second in all-time Test run-scorers' list

Jul 26

Second Test (MCG) – Australia 26 British and Irish Lions 29. Winning try scored by Hugo Keenan

King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes – Calandagan

Ray French dies

Viktor Gyokeres moves from Sporting to Arsenal for £64 million

Jul 27

UEFA Women’s Euro final (Basel) – England 1 (Russo) Spain 1 (Caldentey). England won 3-1 on penalties. Winning penalty scored by Chloe Kelly. Player of the Match – Hannah Hampton

Top scorer – Esther Gonzalez (Spain) 4 goals

Best player – Aitana Bonmati (Spain)

Best young player – Michelle Agyemang

Tour de France – 1st Tadej Pogacar (UAE Team Emirates XRG) 2nd Jonas Vingegaard 3rd Florian Lipowitz 4th Oscar Onley

Points – Jonathan Milan

Mountains – Tadej Pogacar

Youth – Florian Lipowitz

Combativity – Ben Healy

Team – Visma-Lease a Bike

Belgium GP – Piastri, Norris, Leclerc

Fourth Test (Old Trafford) India 358 (Stokes 5-72) and 425-4 (Jadeja 107*, Gill 103, Sundar 101*) England 669 (Root 150, Stokes 141) Match drawn

World Matchplay final – Littler bt Wade. Littler completes the Triple Crown of World Championship, Premier League, and World Matchplay

Women’s World Matchplay final – Ashton bt Sherrock

Formula E World Championship – Oliver Rowland (Nissan)

All-Ireland Senior Football Championship final – Kerry bt Donegal

Senior Open Championship – Padraig Harrington

Lottie Woad wins Women’s Scottish Open on professional debut

Jul 28

Morecambe are suspended from the National League

Jul 29

Goodwood Cup – Scandinavia

James Trafford moves from Burnley to Man City

Joao Felix moves from Chelsea to Al-Nassr

Women’s 3m synchronised springboard. Silver – GB (Scarlet Mew Jensen and Yasmin Harper)

Jul 30

Leon Marchand breaks Ryan Lochte’s 200m medley world record

Sussex Stakes – Qirat, at odds of 150-1

Luis Diaz moves from Liverpool to Bayern Munich for £65 million

Granit Xhaka moves from Bayer Leverkusen to Sunderland

Jul 31

Nassau Stakes – Whirl

Men’s 100m freestyle – David Popovici

Popovici retained the titles in the 100m and 200m freestyle events

== August ==
Aug 1

Yu Zidi, aged 12, becomes the youngest swimmer in history to win a medal at the World Aquatics Championships

Men’s 4x200m freestyle relay – GB (Richards, Guy, McMillan, Scott)

Aug 2

Third Test (Stadium Australia, Sydney) Australia 22 British and Irish Lions 12. Lions win series 2-1

Top tour try scorer – Duhan van de Merwe (5)

Top tour points scorer – Finn Russell (44)

Top points scorer for Lions in Test matches – Finn Russell (15)

Top points scorer for Australia in Test matches – Tom Lynagh (14)

Women's Rugby World Cup warm-up – England 97 Spain 7

Men’s 50m freestyle – Cameron McEvoy (Australia). Silver – Ben Proud

Women’s 800m freestyle – Katie Ledecky. Seventh consecutive win

Aug 3

AIG Women's Open (Royal Porthcawl) – Miyu Yamashita (Japan). 2nd Charley Hull

Hungarian GP – Norris, Piastri, Russell

Shanghai Masters final – Kyren Wilson bt Carter

Tour de France Femmes – Pauline Ferrand Prevot

China finished top of the medal table at the World Aquatics Championships

Summer McIntosh won four gold medals

Aug 4

Fifth Test (The Oval) – India 224 (Atkinson 5-33) and 396 (Jaiswal 118, Tongue 5-125) England 247 and 367 (Brook 111, Root 105, Siraj 5-104). India won by six runs. Series drawn 2-2

Chris Woakes came out to bat with his arm in a sling to support Gus Atkinson when England needed 17 to win

Aug 6

Son Heung-min moves from Spurs to Los Angeles FC

Steve Tandy appointed as head coach of Wales rugby union team

Aug 7

Benjamin Sesko moves from RB Leipzig to Man Utd for £74 million

Canadian Open – Victoria Mboko, a wildcard who began the year ranked 333rd in the world

Aug 9

Darwin Nunez moves from Liverpool to Al-Hilal

Arlington Million – Fort Washington

Aug 10

Community Shield – Crystal Palace bt Liverpool. Hugo Ekitike and Jeremie Frimpong score on debut for Liverpool

Hull FC 80 Salford 6

Aug 12

Red Bull take over Newcastle Falcons

Former Premier League referee David Coote is given an eight-week suspension by the Football Association for comments made about Jurgen Klopp on social media

Jack Grealish moves from Man City to Everton on loan

Aug 13

UEFA Super Cup (Udine) – PSG bt Spurs

Aug 15

First goal in Premier League – Hugo Ekitike for Liverpool against Bournemouth

Premier League shirt sponsors: Burnley – 96.com, Leeds Utd – Red Bull, Nottingham Forest – Bally’s, Sunderland – W88, West Ham – BoyleSports

Ronnie O'Sullivan compiles two 147 breaks in his victory over Chris Wakelin in the semi-finals of the Saudi Arabia Masters

Aug 16

Former Australia Test captain and coach Bob Simpson dies

First red card in Premier League – Ezri Konsa for Aston Villa against Newcastle

Oval Invincibles score 226-4 in The Hundred. Highest-ever score in the competition

Saudi Arabia Masters final – Robertson bt O’Sullivan

Dango Ouattara moves from Bournemouth to Brentford

Aug 17

Jacob Ramsey moves from Aston Villa to Newcastle

LIV Golf individual champion – Jon Rahm

BMW Championship – Scheffler. 2nd MacIntyre

Aug 19

PFA Awards –

Men’s player of the year – Mo Salah

Men’s young player of the year – Morgan Rogers

Women’s player of the year – Mariona Caldentey

Women's young player of the year – Olivia Smith

US Open mixed doubles matches are played in best-of-three-sets with short sets to four games, no-advantage scoring, tiebreakers at four-all, and a 10-point match tiebreak in lieu of a third set

US Open mixed doubles round of 16 – Pegula and Draper bt Raducanu and Alcaraz

Aug 20

Panjab Warriors purchase Morecambe FC. Ashvir Singh Johal becomes the first Sikh to take charge of a professional British club with his appointment as Morecambe manager

US Open mixed doubles semi-finals – Swiatek and Ruud bt Pegula and Draper

Final – Errani and Vavassori bt Swiatek and Ruud

Fluminense goalkeeper Fabio makes his 1391st appearance in men’s football, breaking Peter Shilton’s world record

Aug 22

Women’s Rugby World Cup Pool A (Stadium of Light) – England 69 United States 7. First try scored by Sadia Kabeya

Aug 23

Eberechi Eze moves from Crystal Palace to Arsenal for £60 million

15-year-old Max Dowman makes debut for Arsenal

Scotland bt Wales. Hat-trick for Francesca McGhie

Julia Schell scores six tries for Canada against Fiji

Vuelta a Espana starts in Turin

Aug 24

Iliman Ndiaye scores first goal in Premier League at Everton’s new stadium, against Brighton

Tour Championship and FedEx Cup – Tommy Fleetwood. First PGA Tour win

Aug 25

16-year-old Rio Ngumoha scores winning goal for Liverpool against Newcastle Utd

Tyler Dibling moves from Southampton to Everton

Aug 26

Champions League play-offs – Kairat Almaty bt Celtic

Aug 27

Carabao Cup – Grimsby 2 Man Utd 2. Grimsby won 12-11 on penalties. Bryan Mbuemo missed the last penalty

Carabao Cup – Oxford Utd 0 Brighton 6

Champions League play-offs – Club Brugge 6 Rangers 0. Club Brugge won 9-1 on aggregate

Aug 28

Diamond League Final (Weltklasse, Zurich)

Men’s 100m – Christian Coleman

Men’s 200m – Noah Lyles

Men’s 400m – Jacory Patterson

Men’s 800m – Emmanuel Wanyonyi. 2nd Max Burgin

Men’s 400m hurdles – Karsten Warholm

Men’s high jump – Hamish Kerr

Men’s pole vault – Armand Duplantis

Men’s shot put – Jo Kovacs

Women’s 100m – Julien Alfred

Women’s 200m – Brittany Brown

Women’s 800m – Audrey Werro. 2nd Georgia Hunter Bell

Women’s 400m hurdles – Femke Bol

Women’s pole vault – Katie Moon

Women's discus – Valerie Allman

Morgan Lake becomes the first British woman to break two metres in the high jump

Aug 29

US Open third round – Rybakina bt Radacanu, Djokovic bt Norrie

Xavi Simons moves from RB Leipzig to Spurs

Aug 30

The Hundred – Davina Perrin hits 101 off 43 balls for Northern Superchargers

Women’s Rugby World Cup Pool A (Franklin’s Gardens) – England 92 Samoa 3

Women’s Rugby World Cup Pool A – USA 31 Australia 31

Alejandro Garnacho moves from Man Utd to Chelsea

Nick Woltemade moves from Stuttgart to Newcastle Utd for £69 million

Aug 31

Dutch GP – Piastri, Verstappen, Hadjar. First podium for Hadjar

The Hundred finals (Lord’s). Men’s – Oval Invincibles bt Trent Rockets. Women’s – Northern Superchargers bt Southern Brave

Third successive win for Oval Invincibles Men

Southern Brave Women had won all eight group matches

Men: most runs – Jordan Cox (Oval Invincibles), most wickets – Josh Tongue (Manchester Originals)

Women: most runs – Phoebe Litchfield (Northern Superchargers), most wickets – Lauren Bell (Southern Brave)

Men’s player of the series – Jordan Cox (Oval Invincibles)

Women’s player of the series – Phoebe Litchfield (Northern Superchargers)

Women’s Rugby World Cup Pool D – France 84 Brazil 5

IndyCar Series – Alex Palou (Chip Ganassi Racing). Fourth win

== September ==
Sep 1

Transfer deadline day –

Alexander Isak moves from Newcastle to Liverpool for a British record £125m

Yoane Wissa moves from Brentford to Newcastle

Senne Lammens moves from Royal Antwerp to Man Utd

Kevin moves from Shakhtar Donetsk to Fulham

Antony moves from Man Utd to Real Betis

Jamie Vardy moves from Leicester to Cremonese

Joe Bugner dies

Europe make just one change to the Ryder Cup side that beat the United States in 2023, with Rasmus Hojgaard replacing his twin brother Nicolai

Sep 2

Sonny Baker concedes 76 runs in seven overs in England ODI debut against South Africa

Ederson moves from Man City to Fenerbache

Gianluigi Donnarumma moves from Paris St-Germain to Man City

Sep 3

US Open women’s quarter-final – Anisimova bt Swiatek

Sep 4

US Open women’s semi-finals – Sabalenka bt Pegula, Anisimova bt Osaka

Sep 5

US Open men’s semi-finals – Alcaraz bt Djokovic, Sinner bt Auger-Aliassime

US Open women’s doubles final – Siniakova and Townsend bt Dabrowski and Routliffe

Sep 6

US Open women’s singles final – Sabalenka bt Anisimova

US Open men’s doubles final – Granollers and Zebaloss bt Salisbury and Skupski

Women’s Rugby World Cup Pool A (Brighton & Hove Albion Stadium) – England 47 Australia 7

World Cup qualifier (Villa Park) England 2 Andorra 0. Debut for Elliot Anderson

Sep 7

Italian GP – Verstappen, Norris, Piastri

US Open men’s singles final – Alcaraz bt Sinner

Third ODI – England 414-5 (Bethell 110, Root 100) South Africa 72 (Archer 4-18). England won by 342 runs, the biggest winning margin in men’s ODIs

Burghley Horse Trials – Ros Canter, riding Lordships Graffalo

Women’s Rugby World Cup final pool standings –

Pool A – England, Australia, United States, Samoa

Pool B – Canada, Scotland, Fiji, Wales

Pool C – New Zealand, Ireland, Japan, Spain

Pool D – France, South Africa, Italy, Brazil

Tour of Britain – Romain Gregoire

Geraint Thomas retires

Walker Cup – USA bt Great Britain and Ireland

Sep 9

Ange Postecoglou replaces Nuno Espirito Santo as manager of Nottingham Forest

World Cup qualifier – Norway 11 (Haaland 5) Moldova 1

World Cup qualifier – Serbia 0 England 5

Sep 10

Olympic swimmer Ben Proud becomes the first British athlete to join the Enhanced Games

Sep 11

Andre Onana moves from Man Utd to Trabzonspor on loan

Sep 12

Second T20 – England 304-2 (Salt 141*) South Africa 158. England won by 146 runs

Arthur Fery makes Davis Cup debut for GB against Poland

Sep 13

World Athletics Championships start in Tokyo

Men’s shot put – Ryan Crouser

Women’s 10000m – Beatrice Chebet

T20 Blast Finals Day (Edgbaston). Semi-finals – Somerset bt Lancashire Lightning, Hampshire Hawks bt Northamptonshire Steelbacks. Final – Somerset bt Hampshire Hawks

St Leger – Scandinavia (Tom Marquand), trained by Aidan O’Brien

Women’s Rugby World Cup quarter-finals – New Zealand bt South Africa, Canada bt Australia

Terence Crawford bt Saul 'Canelo' Alvarez to become the first male fighter to be undisputed champion across three weight divisions in the four-belt era

Sep 14

Men’s 100m – Oblique Seville (Jamaica)

Women’s 100m – Melissa Jefferson-Wooden

Women’s marathon – Peres Jepchirchir. Silver – Tigst Assefa

Women’s long jump – Tara Davis-Woodhall

Ricky Hatton dies, aged 46

Vuelta e Espana – Jonas Vingegaard. 2nd Joao Almeida. 3rd Tom Pidcock

There had been various protests against the Israel-Premier Tech team throughout the Vuelta, forcing some stages to be shortened and the final stage to be abandoned

BMW PGA Championship – Alex Noren

Women’s Rugby World Cup quarter-finals (Ashton Gate) – England 40 Scotland 8

France bt Ireland

World Series of Darts final – Van Gerwen bt Littler

Speedway Grand Prix – Bartosz Zmarzlik. 2nd Brady Kurtz (Australia). Sixth world title for Zmarzlik

Sep 15

Men’s pole vault – Arnaud Duplantis, with a world record of 6.30 m

Sep 16

Men’s high jump – Hamish Kerr

Women’s 1500m – Faith Kipyegon. Fourth title

Bodo/Glimt (Norway), Kairat (Kazakhstan), Pafos (Cyprus), and Union Saint-Gilloise (Belgium) make their debut appearances in the Champions League phase/group stage

Sep 17

Men’s 1500m – Isaac Nader (Portugal). Silver – Jake Whiteman

Women’s pole vault – Katie Moon

Sep 18

Men’s javelin – Kershorn Walcott

Women’s 400m – Sydney McLaughlin-Levrone

Jose Mourino replaces Melissa Bruno Lage as manager of Benfica

League Leaders’ Shield – Hull KR

Sep 19

Men’s 200m – Noah Lyles

Women’s 400m hurdles – Femke Bol

Women’s 200m – Melissa Jefferson-Wooden. Silver – Amy Hunt. Bronze – Shericka Jackson

Women’s Rugby World Cup semi-final – Canada bt New Zealand

Sep 20

Women’s 5000m – Beatrice Chebet. Silver – Faith Kipyegon

Heptathlon – Anna Hall. Silver – Kate O’Connor (Ireland). Bronze – Katarina Johnson-Thompson and Taliyah Brooks (tied on 6581 points)

Women’s Rugby World Cup semi-final (Ashton Gate) – England bt France

Metro Bank One Day Cup men’s final – Worcestershire Rapids bt Hampshire

BJK Cup semi-final – USA 2 GB 0. Navarro bt Kartal, Pegula bt Boulter

Liverpool Women manager Matt Beard dies

Sep 21

Men’s 5000m – Cole Hocker

Men’s discus – Daniel Stahl

Women’s 800m – Lilian Odira (Kenya). Silver – Georgia Hunter Bell. Bronze – Keely Hodgkinson

Women’s 4 x 100m relay – USA. Silver – Jamaica (including Shelly-Anne Fraser-Pryce)

Final medal table – 1st USA (16-5-5) 26, 2nd Kenya (7-2-2) 11, 21st GB (0-3-2) 5

GB failed to win a gold medal or a relay medal for the first time since 2003

BJK Cup final – Italy 2 USA 0. Cocciaretto bt Navarro, Paolini bt Pegula

Azerbaijan GP – Verstappen, Russell, Sainz

Metro Bank One Day Cup women’s final – Lancashire bt Hampshire

UCI Road Cycling World Championships start in Rwanda

Men’s time trial – Remco Evenepoel. Third successive title

Women’s time trial – Marlen Reusser (Switzerland)

Laver Cup – Team World bt Team Europe. Team captains – Andre Agassi and Yannick Noah

English Open snooker final – Mark Allen bt Zhou Yuelong

Sep 22

Ballon d’Or awards –

Player of the Year – Ousmane Dembele and Aitana Bonmati. Third successive win for Bonmati

Coach of the Year (Johan Cruyff Trophy) – Luis Enrique and Sarina Wiegman

Best young player (Kopa Trophy) – Lamine Yamal and Vicky Lopez

Club of the year – PSG and Arsenal women

Goalkeeper of the year (Yashin Trophy) – Gianluigi Donnarumma and Hannah Hampton

Sep 23

Dickie Bird dies

Carabao Cup third round – Barnsley 0 Brighton 6 (Diego Gomez 4)

Alexander Isak scores his first goal for Liverpool against Southampton

Sep 24

Eberechi Eze scores his first goal for Arsenal against Port Vale

Sep 26

World Para Athletics Championships start in New Delhi

Sep 27

Women’s Rugby World Cup final (Twickenham) – England 33 Canada 13

Player of the match – Sadia Kabeya

Captain – Zoe Aldcroft

Coach – John Mitchell

Record crowd for women's rugby of 81,885

Third place play-off – New Zealand 42 France 26

AFL Grand Final – Brisbane Lions bt Geelong

Cambridgeshire Handicap – Boiling Point

County Championship – Nottinghamshire. Runners-up – Surrey. Relegated – Durham, Worcestershire

Division 2 – Leicestershire. Promoted – Glamorgan

Nuno Espirito Santo replaces Graham Potter as manager of West Ham

Women’s road race – Magdeleine Vallieres (Canada)

Sep 28

Ryder Cup (Bethpage Black, New York) – USA 13 Europe 15

Lowry sank the putt to retain the Ryder Cup

Hatton sank the putt to win the Ryder Cup

Aberg was the only player to win for Europe on final day

Hovland was unable to play on final day due to injury

Leading points scorers – Europe: Fleetwood (4), USA: Schauffele and Young (3)

2027 Ryder Cup will be held at Adare Manor in Ireland

Men’s road race – Tadej Pogacar. 2nd Remco Evenepoel. 3rd Ben Healy

British Open snooker final – Murphy bt McGill

Civilisation/List of Reigning Monarchs

2025-10-06T16:18:12Z

QRNeditor: Added new Pope and Grand Duke of Luxembourg

== Africa ==
{| class="wikitable"
|Eswatini
|King
|Mswati III
|Mswati III was crowned in 1986 at the age of 18. The House of Dlamini is the royal house of the Kingdom of Eswatini.
|-
|Lesotho
|King
|Letsie III
|Letsie III succeeded his father, Moshoeshoe II, who was forced into exile in 1990. His father was briefly restored in 1995 but died in a car crash in early 1996, and Letsie became king again.
|-
|Morocco
|King
|Mohammed VI
|Mohammed VI belongs to the 'Alawi dynasty and acceded to the throne in 1999, upon the death of his father, King Hassan II.
|}

== Asia ==
{| class="wikitable"
|Bahrain
|King
|Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa
|Hamad has been King of Bahrain since 2002. Bahrain has been ruled by the Al Khalifa dynasty since 1783.
|-
|Bhutan
|Druk Gyalpo
|Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck
|Khesar became king in 2006, after his father abdicated the throne. In the Dzongkha language, Druk Gyalpo means “Dragon King”.
|-
|Brunei
|Sultan
|Hassanal Bolkiah
|Hassanal Bolkiah became sultan in 1967, after his father abdicated the throne. He has also served as the Prime Minister of Brunei since independence from the United Kingdom in 1984. Following the death of Queen Elizabeth II, he is currently the world's longest-reigning current monarch, as well as the longest-serving current head of state.
|-
|Cambodia
|King
|Norodom Sihamoni
|Sihamoni became King in 2004, following the abdication of his father, Norodom Sihanouk. Since 1993, the King of Cambodia has been an elected monarch.
|-
|Japan
|Emperor
|Naruhito
|Naruhito acceded to the Chrysanthemum Throne in 2019, beginning the Reiwa era, following the abdication of his father, Akihito. Fumihito is the younger brother and heir presumptive of Emperor Naruhito.
|-
|Jordan
|King
|Abdullah II
|Abdullah II ascended to the throne in 1999, following the death of his father. He is a member of the Hashemite dynasty, who have been the reigning royal family of Jordan since 1921.
|-
|Kuwait
|Emir
|Mishal Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah
|Mishal has been emir since 2023. The emirs of Kuwait are members of the Al Sabah dynasty.
|-
|Malaysia
|Yang di-Pertuan Agong
|Ibrahim
|Ibrahim has been king since 2024. Yang di-Pertuan Agong is the constitutional monarch and head of state, and also unofficially the King of Malaysia.
|-
|Oman
|Sultan
|Haitham bin Tariq
|Haitham has reigned as Sultan since 2020. House of Busaid, also known as Al Said dynasty, is the current ruling royal house of Oman.
|-
|Qatar
|Emir
|Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani
|Tamin has been emir since 2013. The emirs are members of the House of Al Thani.
|-
|Saudi Arabia
|King
|Salman
|Salman has reigned since 2015, and is the 25th son of Ibn Saud, the founder of Saudi Arabia.
|-
|Thailand
|King
|Vajiralongkorn
|Vajiralongkorn became king in 2016, following the death of his father Bhumibol Adulyadej. As the tenth monarch of the Chakri dynasty, he is also styled as Rama X.
|-
|United Arab Emirates
|President
|Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan
|Mohamed became president in 2022, He is the third son of Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan, who was the first president of the UAE and the ruler of Abu Dhabi.
|}

== Europe ==
{| class="wikitable"
|Andorra
|Co-Prince

Co-Prince
|Joan-Enric Vives i Sicília

Emmanuel Macron
|The Bishop of Urgell and the president of France serve as Andorra's co-princes.
|-
|Belgium
|King
|Philippe
|Philippe succeeded his father Albert II, who abdicated in 2013.
|-
|Denmark
|King
|Frederik X
|Frederik X succeeded his mother Margrethe II, who abdicated in 2024. The current Royal House is a branch of the ducal House of Glucksburg.
|-
|Liechtenstein
|Prince
|Hans-Adam II
|Hans-Adam II has been Prince of Liechtenstein since 1989.
|-
|Luxembourg
|Grand Duke
|Guillaume V
|Guillaume V succeeded his father Henri, who abdicated in 2025
|-
|Monaco
|Prince
|Albert II
|Albert II became prince in 2005 and is the only son of Prince Rainier III and Grace Kelly. The House of Grimaldi is the current reigning house of the Principality of Monaco. Albert competed in the bobsleigh at five consecutive Winter Olympics for Monaco.
|-
|Netherlands
|King
|Willem-Alexander
|Willem-Alexander succeeded his mother Beatrix, who abdicated in 2013. The House of Orange-Nassau is the current reigning house of the Netherlands.
|-
|Norway
|King
|Harald V
|Harald V succeeded his father Olav V, who died in 1991. The current Royal House is a branch of the ducal House of Glucksburg. Harald represented Norway in sailing at the 1964, 1968, and 1972 Olympic Games.
|-
|Spain
|King
|Felipe VI
|Felipe VI succeeded his father Juan Carlos I, who abdicated in 2014. Felipe was Prince of Asturias from 1977 to 2014.
|-
|Sweden
|King
|Carl XVI Gustav
|Carl XVI Gustav ascended the throne on the death of his grandfather, Gustaf VI Adolf, in 1973. The House of Bernadotte has been the royal family of Sweden since its foundation in 1818.
|-
|United Kingdom
|King
|Charles III
|Charles III acceded to the British throne upon the death of his mother, Elizabeth II, on 8 September 2022. He is also the king of 14 other Commonwealth realms. Camilla is Queen Consort. William, Prince of Wales, is the heir apparent.
|-
|Vatican City
|Pope
|Leo XIV
|Pope Leo XIV is the head of the Catholic Church, the bishop of Rome and sovereign of the Vatican City State. Born Robert Prevost in Chicago. Succeeded Francis in 2025.
|}

== Oceania ==
{| class="wikitable"
|Tonga
|King
|Tupou VI
|Tupou VI is the younger brother and successor of the late King George Tupou V, who died in 2012.
|}

Sport and Leisure/World Athletics Championships

2025-09-26T11:33:50Z

QRNeditor: Added 2025 Championships

Two IAAF world championship events preceded the inaugural edition of the World Championships in Athletics in 1983. The 1976 World Championships (held in Malmo) had just one event – the men's 50 kilometres walk, which was dropped from the Olympic programme for the 1976 Summer Olympics, leading to the IAAF responding by setting up their own contest. Four years later, the 1980 World Championships contained only two newly approved women's events, (400 metres hurdles and 3000 metres), neither of which featured on the programme for the 1980 Summer Olympics

== 1983 Helsinki ==
100m – Carl Lewis. 4th Allan Wells

200m – Calvin Smith. 4th Allan Wells

800m - Willi Wülbeck. 4th Peter Elliott

1500m – Steve Cram. 4th Steve Ovett

5000m – Eammon Coghlan (Ireland)

Marathon – Rob de Castella (Australia)

110m hurdles – Greg Foster

400m hurdles – Ed Moses

Steeplechase - Patriz Ilg. Bronze – Colin Reitz

4 x 400m relay – Soviet Union. Bronze – GB (Ainsley Bennett, Cook, Todd Bennett, Brown)

Pole vault – Sergey Bubka (Soviet Union)

Long jump – Carl Lewis

Decathlon – Daley Thompson

Women’s 100m – Marlies Gohr (East Germany)

Women’s 200m – Marita Koch (East Germany). Bronze – Kathy Cook

Women’s 400m – Jarmila Kratochvilova (Czechoslovakia)

Women’s 800m – Jarmila Kratochvilova

Women’s 1500m – Mary Decker. 5th Wendy Sly

Women’s 3000m – Mary Decker. 5th Wendy Sly

Women’s marathon – Greta Waitz (Norway)

Women’s 4 x 100m relay – East Germany. Silver – GB (Baptiste, Cook, Callender, Thomas)

Women’s long jump. 5th Bev Kinch

Women’s javelin – Tina Lillak (Finland). Silver – Fatima Whitbread. 4th Tessa Sanderson

East Germany topped the medal table

Carl Lewis anchored the USA 4 x 100m relay team to a world record time of 37.86 seconds

Sergey Bubka’s win was the first of six consecutive world titles

Jarmila Kratochvilova broke the world record in the 400m with a time of 47.99 seconds, which has only been beaten by Marita Koch

== 1987 Rome ==
100m – Carl Lewis. Bronze – Linford Christie

200m – Calvin Smith. Bronze – John Regis

400m - Thomas Schönlebe. 5th Derek Redmond

800m – Billy Konchellah (Kenya). Silver – Peter Elliott

5000m – Said Aouita (Morocco). Bronze – Jack Bucknor

110m hurdles – Greg Foster. Silver – Jon Ridgeon. Bronze – Colin Jackson

400m hurdles – Ed Moses

4 x 400m relay – USA. Silver – GB (Redmond, Akabusi, Black, Brown)

High jump – Patrik Sjoberg (Sweden)

Pole vault – Sergey Bubka

Long jump – Carl Lewis

Women’s 100m – Silke Gladisch (East Germany)

Women’s 200m – Silke Gladisch

Women’s 10000m – Ingrid Kristiansen (Norway)

Women’s marathon – Rosa Mota (Portugal)

Women’s high jump – Stefka Kostadinova (Bulgaria)

Women’s long jump – Jackie Joyner-Kersee

Women’s javelin – Fatima Whitbread. 4th Tessa Sanderson

Heptathlon – Jackie Joyner-Kersee

East Germany topped the medal table

Women's 10000m and 10 km walk were added to the programme.

Carl Lewis broke the world record in the 100m with a time of 9.93 seconds

Giovanni Evangelisti of Italy originally won the bronze in the men’s long jump with a jump of 8.37m, but it was later determined that Italian field officials had entered a pre-arranged fake result for a jump of 7.85m

Stefka Kostadinova broke the world record in the high jump with 2.09m, a record which still stands today

== 1991 Tokyo ==
100m – Carl Lewis. 4th Linford Christie

200m – Michael Johnson

400m – Antonio Pettigrew. Silver – Roger Black

800m – Billy Konchellah

1500m – Noureddine Morceli (Algeria)

110m hurdles – Greg Foster. Bronze – Tony Jarrett

400m hurdles - Samuel Matete. Bronze – Kriss Akabusi

3000m steeplechase – Moses Kiptanui (Kenya)

4 x 100m relay. Bronze – GB (Jarrett, Regis, Braithwaite, Christie)

4 x 400m relay – GB (Black, Redmond, Regis, Akabusi)

High jump - Charles Austin. 4th Dalton Grant

Pole vault – Sergey Bubka

Long jump – Mike Powell

Triple jump – Kenny Harrison

Discus – Lars Riedel (Germany)

Decathlon – Dan O’Brien

Women’s 100m – Katrin Krabbe (Germany). Silver – Gwen Torrence (USA). Bronze – Merlene Ottey (Jamaica)

Women’s 200m – Katrin Krabbe. Silver – Gwen Torrence. Bronze – Merlene Ottey

Women’s 400m – Marie-Jose Perec (France)

Women’s 1500m – Hassima Boulmerka (Algeria)

Women’s 10000m – Liz McColgan

Women’s 400m hurdles. Silver – Sally Gunnell

Women’s long jump – Jackie Joyner-Kersee

USA topped the medal table

Originally, it was planned to be hold the World Championships every four years, but this changed after 1991, and it has since been run biennially

The event is best remembered for the men's long jump competition, when Carl Lewis made the best six-jump series in history, only to be beaten by Mike Powell, whose 8.95 m jump broke Bob Beamon’s long-standing world record from the 1968 Olympics

Carl Lewis anchored the USA 4 x 100m relay team to a world record time of 37.50 seconds

Lars Reidel’s win was the first of five world titles

== 1993 Stuttgart ==
100m – Linford Christie

200m – Frankie Fredericks (Namibia). Silver – John Regis. Bronze – Carl Lewis

400m – Michael Johnson

800m – Paul Ruto. 4th Curtis Robb

1500m – Noureddine Morceli

10000m – Haile Gebrselassie (Ethiopia)

110m hurdles – Colin Jackson. Silver – Tony Jarrett

3000m steeplechase – Moses Kiptanui (Kenya)

4 x 100m relay – USA. Silver – GB (Jackson, Jarrett, Regis, Christie)

High jump – Javier Sotomayor (Cuba). Bronze – Steve Smith

Pole vault – Sergey Bubka (Ukraine)

Long jump – Mike Powell

Triple jump – Mike Conley (USA). Bronze – Jonathan Edwards

Discus – Lars Riedel

Javelin – Jan Zelezny (Czech Republic). Bronze – Mick Hill. 4th Steve Backley

Decathlon – Dan O’Brien

Women’s 100m – Gail Devers

Women’s 200m – Merlene Ottey

Women’s 800m – Maria Mutola (Mozambique). 4th Diane Modahl

Women’s 1500m. Silver – Sonia O’Sullivan (Ireland)

Women’s 100m hurdles – Gail Devers

Women’s 400m hurdles – Sally Gunnell

Women’s 4 x 400m relay – USA. Bronze – GB (Keough, Smith, Goddard, Gunnell)

Women’s long jump – Heike Drechsler (Germany)

Heptathlon – Jackie Joyner-Kersee

USA topped the medal table

Held at the Gottlieb Daimler Stadium, Stuttgart

This was the final time the women's 3000m would be contested. At subsequent Championships the race was replaced by the 5000m

Women's triple jump was added to the programme

Haile Gebrselassie’s win was the first of four consecutive world titles

Colin Jackson won the 110m hurdles in a world record time of 12.91 seconds

Michael Johnson anchored the USA 4 x 400m relay team to a world record time of 2:54.29, a record which still stands today

Chinese athletes won the women’s 1500m, 3000m and 10000m titles

== 1995 Gothenburg ==
100m – Donovan Bailey (Canada)

200m – Michael Johnson

400m – Michael Johnson

800m – Wilson Kipketer (Denmark)

1500m – Noureddine Morceli

10000m – Haile Gebrselassie

Marathon - Martín Fiz. 4th Peter Whitehead

110m hurdles – Allen Johnson. Silver – Tony Jarrett

3000m steeplechase – Moses Kiptanui

High jump – Troy Kemp. 4th Steve Smith

Pole vault – Sergey Bubka

Long jump – Ivan Pedroso (Cuba)

Triple jump – Jonathan Edwards

Discus – Lars Riedel

Javelin – Jan Zelezny. Silver – Steve Backley

Decathlon – Dan O’Brien

Women’s 100m – Gwen Torrence

Women’s 200m – Merlene Ottey

Women’s 400m – Marie-Jose Perec

Women’s 800m – Ana Quirot (Cuba). Bronze – Kelly Holmes

Women’s 1500m – Hassima Boulmerka. Silver – Kelly Holmes

Women’s 5000m – Sonia O’Sullivan

Women’s 100m hurdles – Gail Devers

Women’s high jump – Stefka Kostadinova

Women’s long jump – Fiona May (Italy)

Heptathlon – Ghada Shouaa (Syria)

USA topped the medal table

Held at the Ullevi Stadium, Gothenburg

Jonathan Edwards won the triple jump with a world record jump of 18.29m, the first ever jump to exceed 18m

Ivan Pedroso’s win was the first of four consecutive world titles

Wilson Kipketer was born in Kenya, but competed for Denmark

Fiona May was born in Slough, but competed for Italy

== 1997 Athens ==
100m – Maurice Greene

200m – Ato Boldon (Trinidad and Tobago)

400m – Michael Johnson. 4th Mark Richardson

800m – Wilson Kipketer

1500m – Hicham El Guerrouj (Morocco)

10000m – Haile Gebrselassie

110m hurdles – Allen Johnson. Silver – Colin Jackson

3000m steeplechase – Wilson Kipketer

4 x 100m relay. Canada. Bronze – GB (Braithwaite, Campbell, Walker, Golding)

4 x 400m relay – GB (Thomas, Black, Baulch, Richardson)

High jump – Javier Sotomayor

Pole vault – Sergey Bubka

Long jump – Ivan Pedroso

Triple jump – Yoelbi Quesada (Cuba). Silver – Jonathan Edwards

Discus – Lars Riedel

Javelin. Silver – Steve Backley

Decathlon – Tomas Dvorak (Czech Republic)

Women’s 100m – Marion Jones

Women’s 200m – Zhanna Pintusevich (Ukraine)

Women’s 400m – Cathy Freeman (Australia)

Women’s 800m – Ana Quirot

Women’s 5000m – Gabriela Szabo (Romania). 4th Paula Radcliffe

Women’s triple jump - Šárka Kašpárková. 5th Ashia Hansen

Heptathlon – Sabine Braun (Germany). Silver – Denise Lewis

USA topped the medal table

Hicham El Guerrouj’s win was the first of four consecutive world titles

USA originally won the 4 x 400 m relay, but were disqualified in 2009 after Antonio Pettigrew admitted to using illegal drugs

== 1999 Seville ==
100m – Maurice Greene. Bronze – Dwain Chambers

200m – Maurice Greene

400m – Michael Johnson

800m – Wilson Kipketer

1500m – Hicham El Guerrouj

10000m – Haile Gebrselassie

110m hurdles – Colin Jackson

4 x 100m relay – USA. Silver – GB (Gardner, Campbell, Devonish, Chambers)

4 x 400m relay – Poland

Long jump – Ivan Pedroso

Triple jump. Bronze – Jonathan Edwards

Shot put – C.J. Hunter

Decathlon – Tomas Dvorak. Silver – Dean Macey

Women’s 100m – Marion Jones

Women’s 200m – Inger Miller

Women’s 400m – Cathy Freeman. 5th Katharine Merry

Women’s 1500m – Svetlana Masterkova

Women’s 5000m – Gabriela Szabo

Women’s 10000m – Gete Wami. Silver – Paula Radcliffe

Women’s marathon – Jong Song-ok (North Korea)

To date, it is the only medal ever won by a North Korean athlete at the World Championships

Women’s 100m hurdles – Gail Devers

Women’s 4 x 100m relay – Bahamas

Women’s pole vault – Stacy Dragila

Heptathlon – Eunice Barber. Silver – Denise Lewis

USA topped the medal table

Women's pole vault and hammer were added to the programme and the women's 20 km walk replaced the 10 km walk

Michael Johnson won the 400m in a world record time of 43.18 seconds, a record which still stands today

Marion Jones was allowed to keep the medals she won in 1997 and 1999, but was later stripped of the titles she won at the 2000 Olympic Games after admitting to steroid use

C.J. Hunter was the husband of Marion Jones and was involved in the BALCO drugs scandal

USA originally won the 4 x 400 m relay, but were disqualified in 2009 after Antonio Pettigrew admitted to using illegal drugs

== 2001 Edmonton ==
100m – Maurice Greene. Silver – Bernard Williams

200m – Konstantinos Kenteris (Greece)

1500m – Hicham El Guerrouj

110m hurdles – Allen Johnson

400m hurdles – Felix Sanchez (Dominican Republic). 5th Chris Rawlinson

4 x 100m relay – South Africa

4 x 400m relay – Bahamas

Long jump – Ivan Pedroso

Triple jump – Jonathan Edwards

Discus – Lars Riedel

Javelin – Jan Zelezny

Decathlon – Tomas Dvorak. Silver – Erki Nool (Estonia). Bronze – Dean Macey

Women’s 100m – Zhanna Pintusevich

Women’s 200m – Debbie Ferguson (Bahamas)

Women’s 800m – Maria Mutola

Women’s 1500m – Gabriela Szabo

Women’s 10000m – Derartu Tulu (Ethiopia). 4th Paula Radcliffe

Women’s pole vault – Stacy Dragila (USA)

Women’s long jump – Fiona May

Women’s triple jump – Tatyana Lebedeva (Russia)

Women’s javelin – Osleidys Menendez (Cuba)

Russia topped the medal table

Held at the Commonwealth Stadium, Edmonton

Tim Montgomery (USA) originally came second in the men's 100m, but was disqualified in 2005 after he admitted to drug use

USA originally finished first in men’s 4 x 100m relay but they were disqualified in 2005 after Tim Montgomery admitted to drug use

Marion Jones finished second in the 100m and first in the 200m, but she was disqualified in 2005 after she admitted to using steroids

USA originally finished first in women’s 4 x 100m relay, but were disqualified in 2004 after Kelli White admitted to using steroids

Natalya Sadova of Russia originally won the gold medal in women’s discus, but she was later disqualified after she tested positive for caffeine

== 2003 Paris ==
100m – Kim Collins. Bronze – Darren Campbell

200m – John Capel.. 4th Darren Campbell

400m – Tyree Washington (USA)

1500m – Hicham El Guerrouj

10000m – Kenenise Bekele (Ethiopia)

110m hurdles – Allen Johnson

400m hurdles – Felix Sanchez

20km walk – Jefferson Perez (Ecuador)

Long jump – Dwight Phillips

Triple jump – Christian Olsson (Sweden)

Women’s 100m – Torri Edwards (USA)

Women’s 400m – Ana Guevara (Mexico)

Women’s 800m – Maria Mutola. Silver – Kelly Holmes

Women’s 1500m - Tatyana Tomashova. Bronze – Hayley Tullett

Women’s 5000m – Tirunesh Dibaba (Ethiopia)

Women’s 10000m – Berhane Adere (Ethiopia)

Women’s 400m hurdles – Jana Pittman-Rawlinson (Australia)

Women’s pole vault – Svetlana Feofanova (Russia)

Women’s long jump – Eunice Barber (France). 4th Jade Johnson

Women’s triple jump – Tatyana Lebedeva

Heptathlon – Carolina Kluft (Sweden)

USA topped the medal table

Jon Drummond was disqualified in the quarterfinals of 100m for a false start. However, he contested that he did not false start, repeatedly shouting "I did not move". He delayed competition for almost an hour by refusing to leave the track. He protested for a period of time by lying down on the track

Dwain Chambers finished fourth in the 100m final but was disqualified following his drug ban

Jerome Young originally finished first in the 400m, but was disqualified after he tested positive for drugs

GB team (Devonish, Malcolm, Campbell, Chambers) were stripped of 4 x100m relay silver medal due to drug ban on Chambers

USA originally finished first in 4 x 400m relay, but were disqualified after Jerome Young and Calvin Harrison both tested positive for drugs in 2004

Dwight Phillips’s win was the first of four world titles

Kelli White finished first in women’s 100m and 200m, but was stripped of her medals after testing positive for drugs

== 2005 Helsinki ==
100m – Justin Gatlin

200m – Justin Gatlin

400m – Jeremy Wariner. 5th Tim Benjamin

800m – Rashid Ramzi (Bahrain)

1500m – Rashid Ramzi

10000m – Kenenise Bekele

400m hurdles – Bershawn Jackson (USA)

20km walk – Jefferson Perez

4 x 100m relay – France. Bronze – GB (Gardener, Devonish, Malcolm, Lewis-Francis)

Long jump – Dwight Phillips

Decathlon – Bryan Clay (USA)

Women’s 100m – Lauryn Williams

Women’s 200m – Allyson Felix

Women’s 400m – Tonique Williams-Darling (Bahamas)

Women’s 5000m – Tirunesh Dibaba

Women’s 10000m – Tirunesh Dibaba

Women’s marathon – Paula Radcliffe

Women’s 4 x 400m. Bronze – GB (McConnell, Fraser, Sanders, Ohuruogu)

Women’s pole vault – Yelena Isinbayeva

Women’s javelin – Osleidys Menendez

Heptathlon – Carolina Kluft. 5th Kelly Sotherton

USA topped the medal table

Women's 3000m steeplechase was added to the programme

The original winning bid for the competition was from London, but the cost to build the required stadium at Picketts Lock and host the event was deemed too expensive by the government. UK Athletics suggested to move the host city to Sheffield (using Don Valley Stadium), but the IAAF stated that having London as the host city was central to their winning the bid. The championships bidding process was reopened as a result

Much of the event in Helsinki was held in heavy rain

Finland’s only medal was a bronze in the men’s long jump from Tommi Evila

USA finished in first four places in men’s 200m

Tirunesh Dibaba became the first woman to win the 5000m and 10000m at the same championships

Osleidys Menendez set a new world record in the women’s javelin

== 2007 Osaka ==
100m – Tyson Gay

200m – Tyson Gay. Silver – Usain Bolt

400m – Jeremy Wariner

1500m – Bernard Lagat (Kenya)

5000m – Bernard Lagat. 6th Mo Farah

10000m – Kenenise Bekele

110m hurdles – Liu Xiang (China)

20km walk – Jefferson Perez

4 x 100m relay - USA. Bronze – GB (Malcolm, Pickering, Devonish, Lewis-Francis)

Long jump – Irving Saladino (Panama)

Triple jump – Nelson Evora (Portugal)

Javelin – Tero Pitkamaki (Finland)

Decathlon – Roman Sebrle (Czech Republic)

Women’s 100m – Veronica Campbell

Women’s 200m – Allyson Felix

Women’s 400m – Christine Ohuruogu. Silver – Nicola Sanders

Women’s 5000m – Meseret Defar (Ethiopia)

Women’s 10000m – Tirunesh Dibaba. 4th Jo Pavey

Women’s 400m hurdles – Jana Pittman-Rawlinson

Women’s 4 x 400m. Bronze – GB (Ohuruogu, Okoro, McConnell, Sanders)

Women’s high jump – Blanka Vlasic (Croatia)

Women’s pole vault – Yelena Isinbayeva

Women’s long jump – Tatyana Lebedeva

Women’s triple jump. Silver – Tatyana Lebedeva

Women’s shot put – Valerie Adams

Women’s javelin – Barbora Spotakova (Czech Republic)

Heptathlon – Carolina Kluft. Bronze – Kelly Sotherton. 4th Jessica Ennis

USA topped the medal table

Held at the Nagai Stadium, Osaka. No world records were broken

Tyson Gay and Allyson Felix collected three gold medals each. USA won all four relays

Bernard Lagat became the first man to win both the 1500m and 5000m titles at the same World Championships

Kyriakos Ioannou claimed the first ever medal for Cyprus in a World Championships, a bronze in the high jump

Japan gained its only medal on the final day with a bronze for Reiko Tosa in the women's marathon

Ohuruogu won the gold medal just 24 days after her 12-month suspension for missing three out-of-competition doping tests expired

Valerie Adams (NZ) (formerly known as Valerie Vili) won the first of her four successive World Championships in the shot put

== 2009 Berlin ==
100m – Usain Bolt. Silver – Tyson Gay. Bronze – Asafa Powell

200m – Usain Bolt. Silver – Alonso Edward (Panama)

400m – LaShawn Merritt

1500m – Yusuf Saad Kamel (Bahrain)

5000m – Kenenise Bekele

10000m – Kenenise Bekele

110m hurdles – Ryan Braithwaite (Barbados). 4th Will Sharman

3000m steeplechase – Ezekiel Kemboi (Kenya)

4 x 100m relay – Jamaica. Bronze – GB (Williamson, Edgar, Devonish, Aikines-Aryeetey)

4 x 400m relay – USA. Silver – GB (Williams, Bingham, Tobin, Rooney)

Pole vault – Steve Hooker (Australia)

Long jump – Dwight Phillips

Triple jump – Phillips Idowu

Discus – Robert Harting (Germany)

Javelin – Andreas Thorkildsen (Norway)

Women’s 100m – Shelly-Ann Fraser

Women’s 200m – Allyson Felix

Women’s 400m – Sanya Richards

Women’s 800m – Caster Semenya (South Africa). Bronze – Jenny Meadows

Women’s 1500m - Maryam Yusuf Jamal. Silver – Lisa Dobriskey

Women’s 5000m – Vivian Cheruiyot (Kenya)

Women’s pole vault – Anna Rogowska (Poland)

Women’s long jump – Brittney Reese (USA). 6th Shara Proctor (Anguilla)

Women’s high jump – Blanka Vlasic

Women’s shot put – Valerie Adams

Heptathlon – Jessica Ennis

USA topped the medal table

Usain Bolt won the 100m in a world record time of 9.58 seconds and the 200m in a world record time of 19.19 seconds.

Yusuf Saad Kamel’s father is Billy Konchellah, who won the 800m for Kenya at the 1987 and 1991 World Championships

Ryan Braithwaite won Barbados’s first ever gold medal in the World Championships

Ezekiel Kemboi won the first of his four successive World Championships

Marathon and racewalking events started and finished at the Brandenburg Gate

Berlino, the bear mascot, dropped women’s 400m hurdles champion Melaine Walker after crashing into a hurdle

Marta Dominguez of Spain won the women’s 3000m steeplechase, but was found guilty of doping in 2015

Yelena Isanbeyeva failed to clear a height in the women’s pole fault and finished last

Shara Proctor was born in Anguilla and has represented Great Britain since 2011

== 2011 Daegu ==
100m – Yohan Blake (Jamaica). Silver – Walter Dix (USA)

200m – Usain Bolt. Silver – Walter Dix

400m – Kirani James (Grenada)

800m – David Rudisha (Kenya)

1500m – Asbel Kiprop (Kenya)

5000m – Mo Farah

10000m. Silver – Mo Farah

110m hurdles – Jason Richardson (USA). Bronze – Andy Turner. 5th Will Sharman

400m hurdles – Dai Greene

3000m steeplechase – Ezekiel Kemboi

Long jump – Dwight Phillips

Triple jump – Christian Taylor. Silver – Phillips Idowu

Women’s 100m – Carmelita Jeter

Women’s 200m – Veronica Campbell-Brown

Women’s 400m – Amantle Montsho (Botswana)

Women’s 1500m – Jennifer Simpson. Silver – Hannah England

Women’s 5000m – Vivian Cheruiyot

Women’s 10000m – Vivian Cheruiyot

Women’s marathon – Edna Kiplagat (Kenya)

Women’s 100m hurdles – Sally Pearson (Australia). 4th Tiffany Porter

Women’s long jump – Brittney Reese

Women’s shot put – Valerie Adams

Heptathlon. Silver – Jessica Ennis

USA topped the medal table

Mascot was Sarbi, a local dog

Dwain Chambers was disqualified from 100m semi-final after a false start

Usain Bolt was disqualified from 100m final after a false start. Aged 21, Yohan Blake became the youngest 100m world champion

Kirani James was aged18

Cuba's Dayron Robles finished first in the final of the men's 110 metres hurdles, but was disqualified for interfering with Liu Xiang twice before and over the last barrier. Jason Richardson was awarded the gold, Liu the silver, and Andy Turner promoted to the bronze medal

Jamaica won the men’s 4 x 100m relay in 37.04 seconds to set the only world record at the championships

Oscar Pistorius became the first paralympic to win a medal at the World Championships, winning a silver medal in 4 x 400m relay for South Africa

Christine Ohuruogu was disqualified in her 400m heat for a false start

== 2013 Moscow ==
100m – Usain Bolt. Silver – Justin Gatlin

200m – Usain Bolt. Silver – Warren Weir (Jamaica)

400m – LaShawn Merritt

1500m – Asbel Kiprop

5000m – Mo Farah

10000m – Mo Farah

400m hurdles - LaShawn Merritt. 5th Will Sharman

Marathon – Stephen Kiprotich (Uganda)

3000m steeplechase – Ezekiel Kemboi

50km walk – Rob Heffernan (Ireland)

High jump – Bohdan Bondarenko (Ukraine)

Discus – Robert Harting

Decathlon – Ashton Eaton

Women’s 100m – Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce. Silver – Murielle Ahoure (Ivory Coast)

Women’s 200m – Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce. Silver – Murielle Ahoure

Women’s 400m – Christine Ohuruogu. Silver – Amantle Montsho

Women’s1500m - Abeba Aregawi. 4th Hannah England

Women’s 5000m – Meseret Defar

Women’s 10000m – Tirunesh Dibaba

Women’s marathon – Edna Kiplagat

Women’s 100m hurdles – Brianna Rollins (USA). Silver – Sally Pearson. Bronze – Tiffany Porter

Women’s 400m hurdles - Zuzana Hejnová. 5th Eilidh Child

Women’s 4 x 100m relay – Jamaica. Bronze – GB (Asher-Smith, Nelson, Lewis, Jones)

Women’s 4 x 400m relay – Russia. Bronze – GB (Child, Cox, Adeoye, Ohuruogu)

Women’s pole vault – Yelena Isinbayeva

Women’s long jump – Brittney Reese

Women’s shot put – Valerie Adams

Heptathlon - Hanna Melnychenko. 5th Katarina Johnson-Thompson

Russia won the most gold medals to top the table for the first time since 2001. It was also the first time ever the host nation took the top of the medal table. The United States won the most overall medals

Main venue was Luzhniki Stadium in Moscow

Mascot was a sparrow

No world records were set at the event

Usain Bolt and Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce both won three gold medals in the men's and women's 100m, 200m and 4 x 100m relay. This achievement also earned Bolt the title of being the most successful athlete in the history of the World Championships with eight gold and two silver medals

Felix Sanchez made his seventh consecutive World Championship 400m hurdles final

Stephen Kiprotich won Uganda’s first ever gold medal

France finished second in the women’s 4 x 100m relay but were disqualified more than two hours after the race. USA were upgraded to the silver medal, and GB received the bronze medal

Caterine Ibarguen won Colombia's first ever World Championship gold medal, in the triple jump

== 2015 Beijing ==
100m – Usain Bolt. Silver – Justin Gatlin

200m – Usain Bolt. Silver – Justin Gatlin. 5th Zharnel Hughes

800m – David Rudisha (Kenya)

1500m – Asbel Kiprop

400m hurdles – Nicholas Bett (Kenya)

Nicholas Bett died three years later in a road accident in Kenya aged 28

3000m steeplechase – Ezekiel Kemboi

5000m – Mo Farah

10000m – Mo Farah

4 x 400m relay - USA. Bronze – GB (Yousif, Williams, Dunn, Rooney)

Long jump – Greg Rutherford

Triple jump – Christian Taylor

Javelin – Julius Yego (Kenya)

Decathlon – Ashton Eaton

Women’s 100m – Shelly-Anne Fraser-Pryce. Silver – Dafne Schippers (Netherlands)

Women’s 200m – Dafne Schippers. 5th Dina Asher-Smith

Women’s 400m – Allyson Felix

Women’s 1500m – Genzebe Dibaba (Ethiopia). 5th Laura Muir

Women’s marathon – Mare Dibaba (Ethiopia)

Women’s 4 x 400m relay. Bronze – GB (Ohuruogu, Onuora, Child, Bundy-Davies)

Women’s long jump. Silver – Shara Proctor

Women’s hammer. 4th – Sophie Hitchon

Heptathlon – Jessica Ennis-Hill

Kenya finished top of the medal table, ahead of Jamaica, USA, and Great Britain

The event was the largest sporting event to take place at the Beijing National Stadium ("Bird's Nest") since the 2008 Summer Olympics

Mascot was Yan’er, an abstract red swallow

Usain Bolt was knocked over after the 200m final by a cameraman on a segway

Greg Rutherford joined Daley Thompson, Linford Christie, Sally Gunnell and Jonathan Edwards in holding all four major titles at the same time

Great Britain failed to finish in the final of the final of the 4 x 100m relay following a botched final exchange between James Ellington and Chijindu Ujah

LaShawn Merritt won his sixth gold in 4 x 400m relay

Christian Taylor’s winning jump of 18.21m in the triple jump was the second best jump in history only behind the world record of Jonathan Edwards

Julius Yego learnt how to throw the javelin by watching videos on YouTube

Ashton Eaton won the decathlon with a world record 9045 points

Eritrea won its first world title, with Ghirmay Ghebreslassie winning the men’s marathon and Kosovo made its debut.

Allyson Felix won her ninth gold medal at the World Championships

In the heptathlon, Katrina Johnson-Thompson had three fouls in the long jump, scoring no points

== 2017 London ==
Doha also bid for the World Championships. On 11 November 2011, the winner was officially announced as London. London unveiled its bid for the 2017 championships with the slogan “Ready to break records”. The mascot was ‘Hero the Hedgehog’

The main venue was London Stadium

100m – Justin Gatlin. Silver – Christian Coleman. Bronze – Usain Bolt

200m – Ramil Guliyev (Turkey)

400m – Wayde van Niekerk

800m – Pierre Ambroise-Bosse (France)

1500m – Elijah Manangoi (Kenya)

3000m steeplechase – Consesius Kipruto (Kenya)

5000m – Muktar Edris (Ethiopia). Silver – Mo Farah

10000m – Mo Farah

Marathon – Geoffrey Kirui (Kenya). 4th Callum Hawkins

110m hurdles – Omar McLeod (Jamaica)

400m hurdles – Karsten Warholm (Norway)

4 x 100m relay – GB (Ujah, Gemili, Talbot, Mitchell-Blake)

4 x 400m relay – Trinidad and Tobago. Bronze – GB (Hudson-Smith, Yousif, Cowan, Rooney)

Pole vault – Sam Kendricks

Long jump – Luvo Manyonga (South Africa)

High jump – Mutaz Barshim (Qatar)

Triple jump – Christian Taylor

Decathlon – Kevin Mayer (France)

Women’s 100m – Tori Bowie (USA)

Women’s 200m – Dafne Schippers

Women’s 400m – Phyllis Francis (USA)

Women’s 800m – Caster Semenya

Women’s 10000m – Almaz Ayana (Ethiopia)

Women’s marathon – Rose Chelimo (Bahrain)

Women’s 100m hurdles – Sally Pearson

Women’s 4 x 100m relay – USA. Silver – GB (Philip, Henry, Asher-Smith, Neita)

Women’s 4 x 400m relay – USA. Silver – GB (Clark, Nielsen, Doyle, Diamond)

Women’s long jump – Brittney Reece (USA)

Women’s high jump – Maria Lasitskene, a Russian competing as an Authorized Neutral Athlete (ANA)

Women’s discus – Sandra Perkovic (Croatia)

Women’s hammer – Anita Wlodarczyk (Poland)

Women’s javelin – Barbora Spotakova (Czech Republic)

Heptathlon – Nafissatou Thiem (Belgium)

Norovirus outbreak at Tower Hotel affected athletes at World Athletics Championships. Isaac Makwala (Bostwana) banned from 400m final

Makwala had to run a solo time trial in the 200m, successfully performing well enough to be given a place in the semi-final

Only world record broken at World Championships was by Ines Henriques (Portugal) in the women’s 50km walk

Allyson Felix has now won 11 gold medals, and was a member of both the successful USA relay teams

Final medal table – 1st USA (10-11-9) 30, 2nd Kenya, 3rd South Africa, 6th GB (2-3-1) 6

== 2019 Doha ==
Doha in Qatar won the bid for the 2019 World Championships, beating Eugene and Barcelona

The main venue was Khalifa International Stadium

Mascot – Falah, an anthropomorphic falcon

100m – Christian Coleman. Silver – Justin Gatlin. Bronze – Andre De Grasse

200m – Noah Lyles. 4th Adam Gemili

400m – Steven Gardiner (Bahamas)

800m – Donavan Brazier

1500m – Timothy Cheruiyot

3000m steeplechase – Consesius Kipruto

5000m – Muktar Edris (Ethiopia)

10000m – Joshua Cheptegei (Uhganda)

Marathon – Lelisa Dasisa (Ethiopia). 4th Callum Hawkins

110m hurdles – Grant Holloway

400m hurdles – Karsten Warholm (Norway)

4 x 100m relay – USA. Silver – GB (Gemili, Hughes, Kilty, Mitchell-Blake)

Pole vault – Sam Kendricks

Long jump – Tajay Gayle (Jamaica)

High jump – Mutaz Barshim

Triple jump – Christian Taylor

Decathlon – Niklas Kaul (Germany)

Women’s 100m – Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce. Siver – Dina Asher-Smith

Women’s 200m – Dina Asher-Smith

Women’s 400m – Salwa Eid Naser (Bahrain)

Women’s 800m – Halimar Nakaayi (Uganda)

Women’s 1500m – Sifan Hassan (Netherlands)

Women’s 10000m – Sifan Hassan

Women’s marathon – Ruth Chepngetich (Kenya)

Women’s 400m hurdles – Dalilah Muhammad (USA) in a world record time

Women’s 4 x 100m relay – Jamaica. Silver – GB (Philip, Asher-Smith, Nelson, Neita)

Women’s triple jump – Yulimar Rojas (Venezuela)

Women’s pole vault – Anzhelika Sidorova (ANA). 4th Holly Bradshaw

Heptathlon – Katarina Johnson-Thompson

Mixed 4 x 400m relay – USA

Women’s marathon started at midnight due to extreme temperatures. 28 of the 68 entrants dropped out

Allyson Felix took her tally of gold medals to thirteen

Final medal table – 1st USA (14-11-4) 29, 2nd Kenya, 3rd Jamaica, 6th GB (2-3-0) 5

== 2022 Eugene ==
Eugene, Oregon was awarded the 2021 World Championships without going through the normal bidding process. The championships were originally scheduled for August 2021; but the event was postponed until July 2022 due to the COVID-19 pandemic

The main venue was Hayward Field

Mascot – Legend the Bigfoot

Men

100m – Fred Kerley (USA)

200m – Noah Lyles (USA)

400m – Michael Norman (USA). Silver – Kirani James (Grenada). Bronze – Matthew Hudson-Smith

800m – Emmanuel Korir (Kenya)

1500m – Jake Wightman. Silver – Jakob Ingebritsen (Norway)

Jake Wightman is the first British man to win the world 1500m title since Steve Cram in 1983

5000m – Jakob Ingebritsen

10000m – Joshua Cheptegei (Uganda)

Marathon – Tamirat Tola (Ethiopia)

110m hurdles – Grant Holloway (USA)

400m hurdles – Alison dos Santos (Brazil)

3000m steeplechase – Soufiane El Bakkali (Morocco)

20km walk – Toshikazu Yamanishi (Japan)

35km walk – Massimo Stano (Italy)

4 x 100m relay – Canada. Bronze – GB (Efoloko, Hughes, Mitchell-Blake, Prescod)

4 x 400m relay – USA

Long jump – Wang Jianan (China)

High jump – Mutaz Essa Barshim (Qatar)

Triple jump – Pedro Pichardo (Portugal)

Pole vault – Armand Duplantis (Sweden). New world record 6.21 m

Shot put – Ryan Crouser (USA)

Discus – Kristjan Ceh (Slovenia)

Javelin – Anderson Peters (Grenada)

Hammer – Pawel Fajdek (Poland). 5th successive win

Decathlon – Kevin Mayer (France)

Women

100m – Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce. Silver – Shericka Jackson. Bronze – Elaine Thompson-Herah. 4th Dina Asher-Smith

200m – Shericka Jackson (Jamaica). Silver – Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce. Bronze – Dina Asher-Smith

400m – Shaunae Miller-Uibo (Bahamas)

800m – Athing Mu (USA). Silver – Keely Hodgkinson

1500m – Faith Kipyegon (Kenya). Bronze – Laura Muir

5000m – Gudaf Tsegay (Ethiopia)

10000m – Letesenbet Gidey (Ethiopia)

Marathon – Gotytom Gebreslase (Ethiopia)

100m hurdles – Tobi Amusan (Nigeria)

Tobi Amusan set a world record of 12.12 seconds in the semi-final

400m hurdles – Sydney McLaughlin (USA). New world record 50.68 seconds

3000m steeplechase – Norah Jeruto (Kazakhstan)

20km walk – Kimberly Garcia (Peru)

35km walk – Kimberly Garcia (Peru)

4 x 100m relay – USA

4 x 400m relay – USA. Bronze – GB (Ohuruogu, Yeargin, Knight, Nielsen)

Long jump – Malaika Mihambo (Germany)

High jump – Eleanor Patterson (Australia)

Triple jump – Yulimar Rojas (Venezuela)

Pole vault – Katie Nageotte (USA)

Holly Bradshaw’s pole snapped in the qualifying competition, and she had to withdraw due to injury

Shot put – Chase Ealey (USA)

Discus – Feng Bin (China)

Javelin – Kelsey-Lee Barber (Australia)

Hammer – Brooke Anderson (USA)

Heptathlon – Nafissatou Thiam (Belgium)

Mixed 4 x 400m relay – Dominican Republic

Allyson Felix took her tally of medals to twenty, winning a bronze medal in the mixed 4 x 400m relay

Peru, Kazakhstan, and Nigeria won their first ever gold medals

A record 29 countries won at least one gold medal

Dorian Keletela, Jamal Abdelmaji Eisa Mohammed, and Anjelina Nadai Lohalith competed for the Athlete Refugee Team

Final medal table – 1st USA (13-9-11) 33, 2nd Ethiopia, 3rd Jamaica,11th GB (1-1-5) 7

== 2023 Budapest ==
The championships were held in the National Athletics Centre

Mascot – Youhuu, a Racka (a sheep with spiral-shaped horns)

Men

100m – Noah Lyles (USA). Silver – Letsile Tebogo (Botswana). Bronze – Zharnel Hughes

200m – Noah Lyles (USA). 4th Zharnel Hughes

400m – Antonio Watson (Jamaica). Silver – Matthew Hudson-Smith

800m – Marco Arop (Canada). Bronze – Ben Pattison

1500m – Josh Kerr. Silver – Jakob Ingebritsen (Norway)

5000m – Jakob Ingebritsen (Norway)

10000m – Joshua Cheptegei (Uganda)

Marathon – Joseph Kiplangat (Kenya)

110m hurdles – Grant Holloway (USA)

400m hurdles – Karsten Warholm (Norway)

3000m steeplechase – Soufiane El Bakkali (Morocco)

20km walk – Alvaro Martin (Spain)

35km walk – Alvaro Martin (Spain)

4 x 100m relay – USA

4 x 400m relay – USA. Bronze – GB (Haydock-Wilson, Dobson, Davey, Mitcham)

Long jump – Miltiadis Tentoglou (Greece)

High jump – Gianmarco Tamberi (Italy)

Triple jump – Hughes Fabrice Zango (Burkina Faso)

Pole vault – Armand Duplantis (Sweden)

Shot put – Ryan Crouser (USA)

Discus – Daniel Stahl (Sweden)

Javelin – Neerav Chopra (India)

Hammer – Ethan Katsberg (Canada)

Decathlon – Pierce LePage (Canada)

Women

100m – Sha’Carri Richardson (USA). Silver – Shericka Jackson (Jamaica). Bronze – Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce (Jamaica)

200m – Shericka Jackson (Jamaica). Silver – Gabrielle Thomas (USA). Bronze – Sha’Carri Richardson (USA)

400m – Marileidy Paulino (Dominican Republic)

800m – Mary Moraa (Kenya). Silver – Keely Hodgkinson

1500m – Faith Kipyegon (Kenya)

5000m – Faith Kipyegon (Kenya). Silver – Sifan Hassan (Netherlands)

10000m – Gudaf Tsegay (Ethiopia)

Marathon – Amane Beriso Shankule (Ethiopia)

100m hurdles – Danielle Williams (Jamaica)

400m hurdles – Femke Bol (Netherlands)

3000m steeplechase – Winifred Yavi (Bahrain)

20km walk – Maria Perez (Spain)

35km walk – Maria Perez (Spain)

4 x 100m relay – USA. Bronze GB (Philip, Lansiquot, Williams, Neita)

4 x 400m relay – Netherlands. Bronze – GB (Nielsen, Anning, Pipi, Yeargin)

Long jump – Ivana Vuleta (Serbia)

High jump – Yaroslava Mahuchikh (Ukraine). 4th Morgan Lake

Triple jump – Yulimar Rojas (Venezuela)

Pole vault – Nina Kennedy (Australia) and Katie Moon (USA) tied for first place. 5th Molly Caudery

Shot put – Chase Ealey (USA)

Discus – Laulauga Tausaga (USA)

Javelin – Haruka Kitaguchi (Japan)

Hammer – Camryn Rogers (Canada)

Heptathlon – Katarina Johnson-Thompson. Silver – Anna Hall (USA). Johnson-Thompson won by 20 points

Mixed 4x400m relay – USA. Silver – GB (Davey, Mitcham, Nielsen, John)

Ten metres from the finish, Femke Bol (Netherlands) started to lean for the finish and crashed to the track. This was the only event in which a World Record was set during the championships

Final medal table – 1st USA (12-8-9) 29, 2nd Canada, 3rd Spain, 7th GB (2-3-5) 10

Spain won four gold medals, winning all the walking events

Hungary won one bronze medal

== 2025: Tokyo ==
The Championships were held at the National Stadium

Third time that the championships have been held in Japan. Tokyo and Helsinki are the only cities to have held the World Championships twice

Men

100m – Oblique Seville (Jamaica). Silver – Kishane Thompson (Jamaica). Bronze – Noah Lyles (USA)

200m – Noah Lyles (USA). Silver – Kenny Bednarek (USA)

400m – Collen Kebinatshipi (Botswana)

800m – Emmanuel Wanyonyi (Kenya)

1500m – Isaac Nader (Portugal). Silver – Jake Wightman

5000m – Cole Hocker (USA)

10000m – Jimmy Gressier (France)

Marathon – Alphonce Simbu (Tanzania)

110m hurdles – Cordell Tinch (USA)

400m hurdles – Rai Benjamin (USA)

3000m steeplechase – Geordie Beamish (New Zealand)

20km walk – Caio Bonfim (Brazil)

35km walk – Evan Dunfee (Canada)

4 x 100m relay – USA

4 x 400m relay – Botswana

Long jump – Mattia Furlani (Italy)

High jump – Hamish Kerr (New Zealand)

Triple jump – Pedro Pichardo (Portugal)

Pole vault – Armand Duplantis (Sweden). World record 6.30m

Shot put – Ryan Crouser (USA)

Discus – Daniel Stahl (Sweden)

Javelin – Keshorn Walcott (Trinidad and Tobago). Silver – Anderson Peters (Grenada)

Hammer – Ethan Katsberg (Canada)

Decathlon – Leo Neugebauer (Germany)

Women

100m – Melissa Jefferson-Wooden (USA). Silver – Tina Clayton (Jamaica). Bronze – Julien Alfred (Saint Lucia)

200m – Melissa Jefferson-Wooden (USA). Silver – Amy Hunt. Bronze – Shericka Jackson (Jamaica).

400m – Sydney McLaughlin-Levrone (USA). Silver – Marileidy Paulino (Dominican Republic)

800m – Lilian Odira (Kenya). Silver – Georgia Hunter Bell. Bronze – Keely Hodgkinson

1500m – Faith Kipyegon (Kenya)

5000m – Beatrice Chebet (Kenya). Silver – Faith Kipyegon (Kenya)

10000m – Beatrice Chebet (Kenya)

Marathon – Peres Jepchirchir. Silver – Tigst Assefa (Ethiopia)

100m hurdles – Ditaji Kambundji (Switzerland)

400m hurdles – Femke Bol (Netherlands)

3000m steeplechase – Faith Cherotich (Kenya)

20km walk – Maria Perez (Spain)

35km walk – Maria Perez (Spain)

4 x 100m relay – USA. Silver – Jamaica (including Shelly-Anne Fraser-Pryce)

4 x 400m relay – USA. 4th GB

Long jump – Tara Davis-Woodhall (USA)

High jump – Nicola Olyslagers (Australia)

Triple jump – Leyanis Perez (Cuba). Silver – Thea LaFond (Dominica)

Pole vault – Katie Moon (USA)

Shot put – Jessica Schilder (Netherlands)

Discus – Valarie Allman (USA)

Javelin – Juleisy Angulo (Ecuador)

Hammer – Camryn Rogers (Canada)

Heptathlon – Anna Hall (USA). Silver – Kate O’Connor (Ireland). Bronze – Katarina Johnson-Thompson and Taliyah Brooks (tied on 6581 points)

Final medal table – 1st USA (16-5-5) 26, 2nd Kenya (7-2-2) 11, 3rd Canada (3-1-1) 5 21st GB (0-3-2) 5

GB failed to win a gold medal and a relay medal for the first time since 2003

'''2027: Beijing'''

The track and field events are scheduled to be in the Beijing National Stadium in September

USA has won 211 gold medals; Kenya is second on the all-time list with 72 gold medals

GB has won 33 gold medals

Leading medal winners:

Men – Usain Bolt 14 (11-2-1), LaShawn Merritt 11 (8-3-0)

Women – Allyson Felix 20 (14-3-3), Shelly-Anne Fraser-Pryce 17 (10-6-1), Merlene Ottey 14 (3-4-7)

Host nations not to win any medals:

Canada (2001), Sweden (1995) and South Korea (2011)