Art and Culture/Artists - Revision history

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@@ Line 63: / Line 63: @@
 ''His Master’s Voice'' – painting of Nipper (the Jack Russel terrier in the HMV image)
-'''Jennifer Bartlett''' (born 1941) is an American artist best known for paintings combining abstract and representational styles
+'''Jennifer Bartlett''' (born 1941-2022) was an American artist best known for paintings combining abstract and representational styles
 '''Georg Baselitz''' (born 1938) studied in the former East Germany. Baselitz's style is interpreted by the Northern American as Neo-Expressionist, but from a European perspective, it is more seen as postmodern. His career was kick-started in the 1960s after police action against one of his paintings, because of its provocative, offending sexual nature
@@ Line 307: / Line 307: @@
 '''Cimabue''' (c. 1240 – 1302) is generally regarded as the last great Italian painter working in the Byzantine tradition. The art of this period comprised scenes and forms that appeared relatively flat and highly stylized. He is also well known for his student Giotto, considered the first great artist of the Italian Renaissance
-'''Chuck Close''' (born 1940) is an American portrait painter known for his massive-scale portraits
+'''Chuck Close''' (1940-2021) was an American portrait painter known for his massive-scale portraits
 '''Thomas Cole''' (1801 – 1848) was born in Bolton. In 1818 his family emigrated to the United States. Landscape painter. He is regarded as the founder of the Hudson River School
@@ Line 799: / Line 799: @@
 ''A Bigger Splash''
-'''Howard Hodgkin''' (born 1932) is an abstract artist. In 1984, Hodgkin represented Britain at the Venice Biennale, in 1985 he won the Turner Prize, and in 1992 he was knighted
+'''Howard Hodgkin''' (1932-2017) was an abstract artist. In 1984, Hodgkin represented Britain at the Venice Biennale, in 1985 he won the Turner Prize, and in 1992 he was knighted
 '''William Hogarth''' (1697 – 1764) was an English painter, printmaker, pictorial satirist, social critic, and editorial cartoonist. His work ranged from realistic portraiture to comic strip-like series of pictures called "modern moral subjects". Hogarth's House in Chiswick is now a museum
@@ Line 901: / Line 901: @@
 Still Life Painting of Watermelon with the words ‘Viva La Vida’
-'''Ellsworth Kelly''' (born 1923) is associated with hard-edge painting, Color Field painting and the Minimalist school
+'''Ellsworth Kelly''' (1923-2015) was associated with hard-edge painting, Color Field painting and the Minimalist school
 ''Blue Green Red''
@@ Line 1,261: / Line 1,261: @@
 '''Berthe Morisot''' (1841 – 1895) was Manet’s sister-in-law, and also an impressionist painter
-'''Malcolm Morley''' (born 1931) is best known as a photorealist. He won the inaugural Turner Prize in 1984
+'''Malcolm Morley''' (1931-2018) was best known as a photorealist. He won the inaugural Turner Prize in 1984
 '''Grandma Moses''' (1860 – 1961), was a renowned American folk artist. Real name Anna Mary Moses
@@ Line 1,451: / Line 1,451: @@
 ''The Cyclops''
-'''Paula Rego''' (born 1935) is a painter born in Portugal although she is a naturalised British citizen. Rego is a prolific painter and printmaker. Her most well known depictions of folk tales and images of young girls, made largely since 1990, bring together the methods of painting and printmaking
+'''Paula Rego''' (1935-2022) was a painter born in Portugal although she is a naturalised British citizen. Rego is a prolific painter and printmaker. Her most well known depictions of folk tales and images of young girls, made largely since 1990, bring together the methods of painting and printmaking
 ''The Maids'' – based on Jean Genet’s play of the same name
@@ Line 1,521: / Line 1,521: @@
 ''Emma Hamilton as a bacchante''
-'''James Rosenquist''' (born 1933) is one of the protagonists in the pop-art movement and was a billboard painter
+'''James Rosenquist''' (1933-2017) is one of the protagonists in the pop-art movement and was a billboard painter
 ''F-111'' – room-scale painting

@@ Line 1,965: / Line 1,965: @@
 ''Christina’s World'' – the woman in the painting is Christina Olson. She is known to have suffered from polio. The house depicted in the painting is known as the Olson House, and is located in Cushing, Maine
-'''Louis Wain''' (1860 – 1939) was best known for his drawings, which consistently featured anthropomorphised large-eyed cats and kittens
+'''WF Yeames''' (1835 – 1918)
-''The Death of Chatterton'' is an oil painting on canvas by the English Pre-Raphaelite painter '''Henry Wallis''' (1830 – 1916), now in Tate Britain
+''And When did you Last See Your Father'' – depicts the son of a Royalist being questioned by Parliamentarians during the English Civil War
-'''Andy Warhol''' (1928 – 1987) was born Andrew Walhola in Pittsburgh, to Slovakian immigrants. The Factory was Andy Warhol's original New York City studio from 1962 to 1968. The original Factory was often referred to by those who frequented it as the Silver Factory. Covered with tin foil and silver paint, the Factory was decorated by Warhol's friend, the photographer Billy Name
+''Amy Robsart''
-''Marilyn Diptych'' – silkscreen painting by Andy Warhol. Features a picture of Marilyn Monroe from ''Niagara'' (1953)
+'''Jonathan Yeo''' (born 1970) has painted portraits of Tony Blair and David Cameron. His unauthorised 2007 portrait of George W. Bush, created from cuttings of pornographic magazines brought him worldwide notoriety. Son of Conservative MP Tim Yeo
-'''Jonathan Yeo''' (born 1970) has painted portraits of Tony Blair and David Cameron. His unauthorised 2007 portrait of George W. Bush, created from cuttings of pornographic magazines brought him worldwide notoriety. Son of Conservative MP Tim Yeo
+'''Yue Minjun''' (born 1962) is a Chinese painter of pink-faced laughing men
-'''Yue Minjun''' (born 1962) is the Chinese painter of the pink-faced laughing men
+'''Johann Zoffany''' (1733 – 1810), a German neoclassical painter, active mainly in England
-''The Tribuna of the Uffizi'' – '''Johann Zoffany''' (1733 – 1810), a German neoclassical painter, active mainly in England
+''The Tribuna of the Uffizi''
 '''Francisco de Zurbaran''' (1598 – 1664) is known primarily for his religious paintings depicting monks, nuns, and martyrs, and for his still-lifes. Zurbaran gained the nickname “Spanish Caravaggio”

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:06, 26 May 2021
Line 1,878:		Line 1,878:

	'''Edouard Vuillard''' (1868 – 1940) was a French painter and printmaker associated with the Nabis. In his paintings and decorative pieces Vuillard depicted mostly interiors, streets and gardens		'''Edouard Vuillard''' (1868 – 1940) was a French painter and printmaker associated with the Nabis. In his paintings and decorative pieces Vuillard depicted mostly interiors, streets and gardens
		+
		+	'''Louis Wain''' (1860 – 1939) was best known for his drawings, which consistently featured anthropomorphised large-eyed cats and kittens
		+
		+	'''Henry Wallis''' (1830 – 1916) was an English Pre-Raphaelite painter
		+
		+	''The Death of Chatterton'' – an oil painting on canvas housed in Tate Britain
		+
		+	'''Andy Warhol''' (1928 – 1987) was born Andrew Walhola in Pittsburgh, to Slovakian immigrants. The Factory was Andy Warhol's original New York City studio from 1962 to 1968. The original Factory was often referred to by those who frequented it as the Silver Factory. Covered with tin foil and silver paint, the Factory was decorated by Warhol's friend, the photographer Billy Name
		+
		+	The highest price ever paid for a Warhol painting is $100 million for a 1963 canvas titled ''Eight Elvises''
		+
		+	''Marilyn Diptych'' – silkscreen painting. Features a picture of Marilyn Monroe from ''Niagara'' (1953)
		+
		+	''The Last Supper'' cycle
		+
		+	''Campbell's Soup Cans'', which is sometimes referred to as ''32 Campbell's Soup Cans'', is a work of art produced in 1962
		+
		+	''Death and Destruction'' series
		+
		+	'''John William Waterhouse''' (1849 – 1917) was an English Pre-Raphaelite painter most famous for his paintings of female characters from mythology and literature
		+
		+	''The Lady of Shalott'' – is an 1888 painting. The work is a representation of a scene from Lord Alfred Tennyson's 1832 poem of the same name, in which the poet describes the plight of a young woman, loosely based on Elaine of Astolat, who yearned with an unrequited love for the knight (Sir Lancelot) isolated under an undisclosed curse in a tower near King Arthur's Camelot. Displayed in Tate Britain
		+
		+	''Hylas and the Nymphs''
		+
		+	''Diogenes''
		+
		+	'''Antoine Watteau''' (1684 – 1721) is credited with inventing the genre of fetes galantes: scenes of bucolic and idyllic charm, suffused with an air of theatricality. Some of his best known subjects were drawn from the world of Italian comedy and ballet. He revitalized the waning Baroque idiom, which eventually became known as Rococo
		+
		+	''Pilgrimage to Cythera'' – Watteau
		+
		+	'''George Frederic Watts''' (1817 – 1904) was an English Victorian painter and sculptor associated with the Symbolist movement. Watts became famous in his lifetime for his allegorical works. Watts married the actress Ellen Terry
		+
		+	''Hope''
		+
		+	''Love and Life''
		+
		+	'''Marianne von Werefkin''' (1860 – 1938) was a Russian-Swiss Expressionist painter. Partner of Alexei von Jawlensky
		+
		+	'''Benjamin West''' (1738 – 1820). Anglo-American painter of historical scenes around and after the time of the American War of Independence. He was the second president of the Royal Academy in London
		+
		+	''The Death of General Wolfe''
		+
		+	''Treaty of Penn with the Indians''
		+
		+	'''Rogier van der Weyden''' (1400 – 1464) was an Early Netherlandish painter. His expressive painting and popular religious conceptions had considerable influence on European painting, not only in France and Germany but also in Italy and in Spain. Hans Memling was his greatest follower
		+
		+	'''James Abbot McNeill Whistler''' (1834 – 1903) was influenced by Courbet’s realism and Japanese prints. His famous signature for his paintings was in the shape of a stylized butterfly possessing a long stinger for a tail
		+
		+	''Nocturne in Grey and Black: Whistler’s Mother'' – his mother was Anna. Hung in Musee d’Orsay. Painted in London. Also known as ''Arrangement in Grey and Black, No.1''
		+
		+	After Thomas Carlyle viewed the painting, he agreed to sit for a similar composition, this one being titled ''Arrangement in Grey and Black, No. 2''
		+
		+	''Nocturne in Black and Gold: The Falling Rocket'' – is a painting of the fireworks from the Cremorne Gardens in London. Affronted by ''The Falling Rocket'', John Ruskin accused Whistler of “flinging a pot of paint in the public's face”. Whistler sued Ruskin for libel in defence, and won damages of a farthing
		+
		+	''Symphony in White, No. 1: The White Girl'' – portrait of Joanna Hiffernan
		+
		+	''Symphony in White, No. 2'', also known as ''The Little White Girl''
		+
		+	''Symphony in White, No. 3''
		+
		+	'''John White''' (c. 1540 – c. 1593) was an English artist, and an early pioneer of English efforts to settle the New World. During his time at Roanoke Island he made a number of watercolor sketches of the surrounding landscape and the native Algonkin peoples
		+
		+	'''John "Kyffin" Williams''' (1918 – 2006) was a Welsh landscape painter who lived at Llanfairpwll on the Island of Anglesey. Williams is widely regarded as the defining artist of Wales during the 20th century
		+
		+	'''Franz Winterhalter''' (1805 – 1873) was a German painter known for his portraits of royalty in the mid-nineteenth century. His name has become associated with fashionable court portraiture
		+
		+	''Empress Eugenie Surrounded by her Ladies in Waiting''
		+
		+	'''Grant Wood''' (1891 – 1942) was a leading figure in the mid-western Regionalism movement
		+
		+	''American Gothic'' – shows a farmer holding a pitchfork standing beside his spinster daughter. The figures were modeled by Wood's sister, Nan Wood Graham, and Wood and Graham's dentist, Dr. Byron McKeeby. Displayed in the collection of the Art Institute of Chicago
		+
		+	''Daughters of the Revolution''
		+
		+	'''Joseph Wright''' (1734 – 1797) of Derby
		+
		+	''An Experiment on a Bird in the Air Pump'' – depicts a natural philosopher recreating one of Robert Boyle's air pump experiments, in which a white cockatoo is deprived of oxygen. Housed in the National Gallery
		+
		+	''A Philosopher Lecturing on the Orrery''
		+
		+	''Three Persons Viewing the Gladiator by Candlelight''
		+
		+	'''Andrew Wyeth''' (1917 – 2009). US realist artist
		+
		+	''Christina’s World'' – the woman in the painting is Christina Olson. She is known to have suffered from polio. The house depicted in the painting is known as the Olson House, and is located in Cushing, Maine

	'''Louis Wain''' (1860 – 1939) was best known for his drawings, which consistently featured anthropomorphised large-eyed cats and kittens		'''Louis Wain''' (1860 – 1939) was best known for his drawings, which consistently featured anthropomorphised large-eyed cats and kittens

@@ Line 1,678: / Line 1,678: @@
 ''The Crucifixion'' (1946) – for St Matthew's Church, Northampton
 '''Edmund C Tarbell''' (1862 – 1938) was an American Impressionist painter. He was a member of the Ten American Painters
@@ Line 1,683: / Line 1,687: @@
 '''Yves Tanguy''' (1900 – 1955) was a French surrealist painter. His paintings show vast, abstract landscapes
-''The Roll Call'' – '''Elizabeth Thompson''' (1844 – 1933), often referred to as '''LadyButler'''
+'''Elizabeth Thompson''' (1844 – 1933), often referred to as '''Lady Butler''' was one of the few female painters to achieve fame for history paintings, especially military battle scenes
-Elizabeth Thompson was one of the few female painters to achieve fame for history paintings, especially military battle scenes
+''The remnants of an army, Jellalabad, January 13, 1842'', better known as ''Remnants of an Army'' – depicts a soldier from the 1842 retreat from Kabul in the First Anglo-Afghan War
 '''James Thornhill''' (1673 – 1734) painted eight scenes executed from the Life of St. Paul in the cupola of St Paul's Cathedral in 1716. He was responsible for some large-scale schemes of murals, including the “Painted Hall” at the Royal Hospital, Greenwich
@@ Line 1,691: / Line 1,697: @@
 '''Giovanni Tiepolo''' (1696 – 1770) was a Venetian painter and printmaker, considered among the last ‘Grand Manner’ fresco painters from the Venetian republic. Frescoes at the Wurzburg Residenz
-''Madonna of the Immaculate Conception'' – Giovanni Tiepolo
+''Madonna of the Immaculate Conception''
-'''Tintoretto''' (1518 – 1594) – born Jacopo Comin. In his youth he was also called Jacopo Robusti. Born in Venice
+'''Tintoretto''' (1518 – 1594) – born Jacopo Comin. In his youth he was also called Jacopo Robusti. Born in Venice. Tintoretto trained briefly under Titian. Tintoretto painted the walls and ceilings of the Scuola Grande di San Rocco in Venice
-''The Last Supper'' – Tintoretto, 1594
+Tintoretto painted for the church of the Madonna dell'Orto three of his leading works – the ''Worship of the Golden Calf'', the ''Presentation of the Virgin in the Temple'', and the ''Last Judgment''
-Tintoretto trained briefly under Titian
+''The Last Supper''
-Tintoretto painted the walls and ceilings of the Scuola Grande di San Rocco in Venice
+''Paradise'' – measures 22.6 x 9.1 metres and is reputed to be the largest painting ever done upon canvas
-Tintoretto painted for the church of the Madonna dell'Orto three of his leading works – the ''Worship of the Golden Calf'', the ''Presentation of the Virgin in the Temple'', and the ''Last Judgment''
+''The Wedding Feast at Cana''
-''Paradise'' – Tintoretto, measures 22.6 x 9.1 metres and is reputed to be the largest painting ever done upon canvas
+''The Crucifixion of Jesus'' – displayed in San Rocco, Venice
-''The Wedding Feast at Cana'' – Tintoretto
+'''James Tissot''' (1836 – 1902), was a French painter and illustrator. He was a successful painter of Paris society before moving to London in 1871. He became famous as a genre painter of fashionably dressed women shown in various scenes of everyday life
-''The Flaying of Marsyas'' – '''Titian''' (1490 – 1576). Full name Tiziano Vecellio
+'''Titian''' (1490 – 1576). Full name Tiziano Vecellio. Paintings for Duke of Ferrero. Worked in Venice. Commissions for Holy Roman Emperor Charles V. During his lifetime he was often called da Cadore, taken from the place of his birth. Titian died of the plague in Venice
-Titian – paintings for Duke of Ferrero. Worked in Venice. Commissions for Holy Roman Emperor Charles V. During his lifetime he was often called da Cadore, taken from the place of his birth
+''The Flaying of Marsyas''
-''The Flight into Egypt'', ''Venus of Urbino'', ''Knight of the Golden Spur'', ''Assumption of the Virgin'', ''Bacchus and Ariadne'' – Titian
+''The Flight into Egypt''
-''Diana and Actaeon'' and ''Death of Actaeon'' – Titian. Shown together at the National Gallery
+''Venus of Urbino''
-''Danae with Nursemaid'' – one of several mythological paintings, or ‘poesie’ (‘poems’) as Titian called them, done for Philip II of Spain
+''Knight of the Golden Spur''
-''The Allegory of Age Governed by Prudence'' – Titian
+''Assumption of the Virgin''
-Titian died of the plague in Venice
+''Bacchus and Ariadne''
-'''Henry Tonks''' (1862 – 1937) was a British surgeon and later draughtsman and painter of figure subjects, chiefly interiors, and a caricaturist
+''Diana and Actaeon'' and ''Death of Actaeon'' are shown together at the National Gallery
-Henry Tonks became an official war artist in 1918, and he accompanied John Singer Sargent on tours of the Western Front. Henry Tonks described students at the Slade School of Art as ‘a crisis of brilliance’. Students included Paul Nash, Ben Nicholson, Stanley Spencer, Dora Carrington, Christopher R. W. Nevinson and Edward Wadsworth
+''Danae with Nursemaid'' – one of several mythological paintings, or ‘poesie’ (‘poems’) as Titian called them, done for Philip II of Spain
-'''Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec''' (1864 – 1901) developed an adult-sized torso, while retaining his child-sized legs
+''The Allegory of Age Governed by Prudence''
-Toulouse-Lautrec paintings featured Jane Avril, a can-can dancer
+'''Henry Tonks''' (1862 – 1937) was a British surgeon and later draughtsman and painter of figure subjects, chiefly interiors, and a caricaturist. Henry Tonks became an official war artist in 1918, and he accompanied John Singer Sargent on tours of the Western Front. Henry Tonks described students at the Slade School of Art as ‘a crisis of brilliance’. Students included Paul Nash, Ben Nicholson, Stanley Spencer, Dora Carrington, Christopher R. W. Nevinson and Edward Wadsworth
-Toulouse-Lautrec did many paintings of the Moulin Rouge. He invented a cocktail known as “Earthquake” which contained absinthe and cognac
+'''Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec''' (1864 – 1901) developed an adult-sized torso, while retaining his child-sized legs. Toulouse-Lautrec did many paintings of the Moulin Rouge. He invented a cocktail known as “Earthquake” which contained absinthe and cognac. Toulouse-Lautrec paintings featured Jane Avril, a can-can dancer
 '''Georges de la Tour''' (1593 – 1652) painted mostly religious scenes lit by candlelight, and after centuries of posthumous obscurity, during the 20th century, he became one of the most highly regarded of French 17th-century Baroque artists. He painted mostly religious chiaroscuro scenes lit by candlelight
-''Chinese Girl'' (also known as ''The Green Girl'') by '''Vladimir Tretchikoff''' (1913 – 2006) is one of the best selling art prints ever. Model was Monika Pon-su-san from Cape Town
+'''Vladimir Tretchikoff''' (1913 – 2006)
-'''John Trumbull''' (1756 – 1843) was an American artist during the period of the American Revolutionary War. His ''Declaration of Independence'' (1817) is used on the reverse of the two-dollar bill
+''Chinese Girl'' (also known as ''The Green Girl'') – one of the best-selling art prints ever. Model was Monika Pon-su-san from Cape Town
-'''Joseph Mallord William''' '''Turner''' (1775 – 1851) was an English Romantic landscape painter, watercolourist and printmaker, whose style is said to have laid the foundation for Impressionism
+'''John Trumbull''' (1756 – 1843) was an American artist during the period of the American Revolutionary War
-Turner had two children with Sarah Danby
+''Declaration of Independence'' – used on the reverse of the two-dollar bill
-Turner died in the house of his mistress Sophia Caroline Booth. He is said to have uttered the last words ‘The sun is God’ before expiring. At his request he was buried in St Paul's Cathedral, where he lies next to Sir Joshua Reynolds
+'''Joseph Mallord William''' '''Turner''' (1775 – 1851) was an English Romantic landscape painter, watercolourist and printmaker, whose style is said to have laid the foundation for Impressionism. Turner had two children with Sarah Danby. Turner died in the house of his mistress Sophia Caroline Booth. He is said to have uttered the last words ‘The sun is God’ before expiring. At his request he was buried in St Paul's Cathedral, where he lies next to Sir Joshua Reynolds
-''The Burning of the Houses of Lords and Commons'' – Turner, 1834
+''The Burning of the Houses of Lords and Commons'' – 1834 painting
-''The Fighting Temeraire tugged to her last Berth to be broken up, 1838'' – Turner. It depicts one of the last ships of the line which played a distinguished role in the Battle of Trafalgar in 1805, the HMS ''Temeraire'', being towed by a paddle-wheel steam tug from Sheerness towards its final berth in Rotherhithe to be broken up for scrap
+''The Fighting Temeraire tugged to her last Berth to be broken up'' – depicts one of the last ships of the line which played a distinguished role in the Battle of Trafalgar in 1805, the HMS ''Temeraire'', being towed by a paddle-wheel steam tug from Sheerness towards its final berth in Rotherhithe to be broken up for scrap
-''Rain, Steam and Speed – The Great Western Railway'' – Turner. The location of the painting is widely accepted as Maidenhead Railway Bridge
+''Rain, Steam and Speed – The Great Western Railway'' – the location of the painting is widely accepted as Maidenhead Railway Bridge
 ''Blue Rigi'', ''Red Rigi'', ''Dark Rigi'' – paintings of Mount Rigi overlooking Lake Lucerne
-''The Slave Ship'' – Turner – based on Captain Collingworth murdering slaves and throwing them overboard to collect insurance money
+''The Slave Ship'' – based on Captain Collingworth murdering slaves and throwing them overboard from the ''Zong'' to collect insurance money
-''Snow Storm: Hannibal and his Army Crossing the Alps'' – Turner
+''Snow Storm: Hannibal and his Army Crossing the Alps''
-''Snow Storm – Steam-Boat off a Harbour's Mouth'' – Turner
+''Snow Storm: Steam-Boat off a Harbour's Mouth''
 '''Gavin Turk''' (born 1967) is one of the Young British Artists. He often uses his own image in life-size sculptures of famous people

@@ Line 1,593: / Line 1,593: @@
 '''John Singer Sargent''' (1856 – 1925) was the most successful portrait painter of his era. American artist, born in Florence
-''Madame X'' or ''Portrait of Madame X'' is the informal title of a portrait painting by John Singer Sargent of a young socialite named Virginie Amelie Avegno Gautreau
+''Madame X'' or ''Portrait of Madame X'' – the informal title of a portrait painting of a young socialite named Virginie Amelie Avegno Gautreau
-''Gassed'' is a very large oil painting completed in 1919 by John Singer Sargent. It depicts the aftermath of a mustard gas attack during the First World War. Hung in the Imperial War Museum
+''Gassed'' – a very large oil painting that depicts the aftermath of a mustard gas attack during the First World War. Hung in the Imperial War Museum
 '''Jenny Saville''' (born 1970) is best known as one of the Young British Artists. She is known for her large-scale painted depictions of naked women. Jenny Saville paintings are used on the covers of Manic Street Preachers’ albums ''The Holy Bible'' and ''Journal For Plague Lovers''
 '''Egon Schiele''' (1890 – 1918) was an Austrian painter, a protégé of Gustav Klimt, and a major figurative painter of the early 20th century. Due to the highly-charged nature of his drawings and paintings and his premature death, Schiele has come to epitomise the popular image of the tortured artist. Many self-portraits
 '''Karl Schmidt'''-'''Rottluff''' (1884 – 1976) was born Karl Schmidt in Rottluff, Saxony. He was the youngest of the Brucke artists and maintained the most autonomy during his membership of the group
-'''Kurt Schwitters''' (1887 – 1948) worked in several genres and media, including Dada, Constructivism, Surrealism, poetry, sound, painting, sculpture, graphic design, typography and installation art. He is most famous for his collages, called ''Merz Pictures''. Schwitters moved to the Lake District in 1934 and died in Ambleside in 1948
+'''Kurt Schwitters''' (1887 – 1948) worked in several genres and media, including Dada, Constructivism, Surrealism, poetry, sound, painting, sculpture, graphic design, typography and installation art. Schwitters moved to the Lake District in 1934 and died in Ambleside in 1948
-''Life'', ''Nature'', and ''Death'' – Alpine triptych by '''Giovanni Segantini''' (1858 – 1899), an Italian painter known for his large pastoral landscapes of the Alps
+'''Giovanni Segantini''' (1858 – 1899), an Italian painter known for his large pastoral landscapes of the Alps
-'''Georges Seurat''' (1859 – 1891) studied at Ecole de Beaux Arts
+''Life'', ''Nature'', and ''Death'' – Alpine triptych
-He is noted for his innovative use of drawing media and for devising the painting techniques known as chromoluminarism and pointillism
+'''Georges Seurat''' (1859 – 1891) studied at Ecole de Beaux Arts. He is noted for his innovative use of drawing media and for devising the painting techniques known as chromoluminarism and pointillism
 ''A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte1884'' – inspired by ''The Sacred Grove'', by Pierre Puvis de Chavannes. Woman has a monkey on a lead. Purchased by Frederick Bartlett for the Art Institute of Chicago in 1924
@@ Line 1,619: / Line 1,625: @@
 '''Ivan Shishkin''' (1832 – 1898) was a Russian landscape painter closely associated with the Peredvizhniki movement
-'''Walter Richard''' '''Sickert''' (1860 – 1942) was born in Munich, and was a member of the Camden Town Group. Sickert took a keen interest in the crimes of Jack the Ripper
+'''Walter Richard''' '''Sickert''' (1860 – 1942) was born in Munich and was a member of the Camden Town Group. Sickert took a keen interest in the crimes of Jack the Ripper. Walter Sickert was a student of Whistler. Spent time in Dieppe and Venice
-Walter Sickert was a student of Whistler. Spent time in Dieppe and Venice
+''The Camden Town Murder'', originally titled, ''What Shall We Do for the Rent?''
-''The Camden Town Murder'', originally titled, ''What Shall We Do for the Rent?'' – Sickert
+''Brighton Pierrots''
-''Brighton Pierrots'' – Sickert
+'''Paul Signac''' (1863 – 1935) was a French neo-impressionist painter who, working with Georges Seurat, helped develop the pointillist style
-'''Paul Signac''' (1863 – 1935) was a French neo-impressionist painter who, working with Georges Seurat, helped develop the pointillist style
+''In the Time of Harmony''
-''In the Time of Harmony'', ''Portrait of Felix Feneon'' – Paul Signac
+''Street in Moret''
-'''Alfred Sisley''' (1839 – 1899) was born in Paris to British parents. Dedicated to painting landscape ''en plein air''
+''Sand Heaps'' – owned by Art Institute of Chicago
-Alfred Sisley’s best known works are ''Street in Moret'' and ''Sand Heaps'', both owned by the Art Institute of Chicago, and ''The Bridge at Moret-sur-Loing'' shown at Musée d'Orsay
+''The Bridge at Moret-sur-Loing'' – hung at Musée d'Orsay
-Among his important works are a series of paintings of the River Thames, mostly around Hampton Court
+'''Robert Smithson''' (1938 – 1973) was an American artist famous for his use of photography in relation to sculpture and land art
-Alfred Sisley was known as “The English Impressionist”
+''Spiral Jetty'' – an earthwork sculpture constructed in 1970
 '''Chaim Soutine''' (1893 – 1943) was a French painter of Russian Jewish origin. Soutine made a major contribution to the expressionist movement while living in Paris
-'''Stanley Spencer''' (1891 – 1959) was born and lived in the Thames-side village of Cookham in Berkshire. The Methodist Chapel in Cookham, which he attended, is now the Stanley Spencer Gallery. Fought in WWI in Macedonia
+'''Stanley Spencer''' (1891 – 1959) was born and lived in the Thames-side village of Cookham in Berkshire. The Methodist Chapel in Cookham, which he attended, is now the Stanley Spencer Gallery. Fought in WWI in Macedonia. Sandham Memorial Chapel in Hampshire contains 17 paintings by Stanley Spencer
-''The Resurrection, Cookham'' – Stanley Spencer
+''The Resurrection, Cookham''
 '''Jan Steen''' (1626 – 1679) was a genre painter of the Dutch Golden Age. Daily life was Jan Steen's main pictorial theme. Many of the genre scenes he portrayed, as in ''The Feast of Saint Nicholas'', are lively to the point of chaos and lustfulness, even so much that 'a Jan Steen household', meaning a messy scene, became a Dutch proverb
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 '''Frank Stella''' (born 1936) is a significant figure in minimalism, post-painterly abstraction, patterns and offset lithography
-''Marrakech'' – Frank Stella
+''Marrakech''
 '''Clyfford Still''' (1904 – 1980) was one of the leading figures of Abstract Expressionism. Still was also considered one of the foremost color field painters
-''Whistlejacket'' – a painting of a prancing horse commissioned by the 3rd Marquess of Rockingham by '''George Stubbs''' (1724 – 1806)
+'''George Stubbs''' (1724 – 1806) painted horses. Stubbs also painted more exotic animals including lions, tigers, giraffes, monkeys, and rhinoceroses, which he was able to observe in private menageries
-''Horse Frightened by a Lion'' – Stubbs
+''Horse Frightened by a Lion''
-The record price for a Stubbs painting was set by the sale at auction of ''Gimcrack on Newmarket Heath, with a Trainer, a Stable-Lad, and a Jockey'' (1765) at Christie's in London in 2011 for £22 million
+'''Graham Sutherland''' (1903 – 1980)
-'''Graham Sutherland''' (1903 – 1980) painted ''The Crucifixion'' (1946) for St Matthew's Church, Northampton. Sutherland was commissioned to design the tapestry ''Christ in Glory'' (1962) for Basil Spence's new Coventry Cathedral
+''The Crucifixion'' (1946) – for St Matthew's Church, Northampton
 '''Edmund C Tarbell''' (1862 – 1938) was an American Impressionist painter. He was a member of the Ten American Painters

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 ''Man, Controller of the Universe''
-'''Alexander Rodchenko''' (1891 – 1956) was one of the most versatile Constructivist and Productivist artists to emerge after the Russian Revolution. He worked as a painter and graphic designer before turning to photomontage and photography
+'''Alexander Rodchenko''' (1891 – 1956) was one of the most versatile Constructivist and Productivist artists to emerge after the Russian Revolution. He worked as a painter and graphic designer before turning to photomontage and photography. Rodchenko produced a poster with Lilya Brik shouting “books”
-Emma, Lady Hamilton – mistress of Lord Nelson, was painted many times by '''George Romney''' (1734 – 1802)
+'''George Romney''' (1734 – 1802) painted many leading society figures, including his artistic muse, Emma Hamilton, mistress of Lord Nelson
-'''James Rosenquist''' (born 1933) is one of the protagonists in the pop-art movement and was a billboard painter. Rosenquist achieved international acclaim in 1965 with the room-scale painting ''F-111''
+''Lady Hamilton as Circe''
-''The Annunciation'', ''Beata Beatrix'', ''Proserpine'', ''The Girlhood of Mary Virgin'' – '''Dante Gabriel Rossetti''' (1828 – 1882)
+''Emma Hamilton as a bacchante''
-Rossetti's wife Elizabeth Siddal died of an overdose of laudanum in 1862
+'''James Rosenquist''' (born 1933) is one of the protagonists in the pop-art movement and was a billboard painter
-Fanny Cornforth – model and mistress of Rossetti
+''F-111'' – room-scale painting
-Jane Morris – model of Rossetti
+'''Dante Gabriel Rossetti''' (1828 – 1882) was a Pre-Raphaelite artist. Rossetti's wife Elizabeth Siddal died of an overdose of laudanum in 1862. Fanny Cornforth – model and mistress of Rossetti. Jane Morris – model of Rossetti
 '''Mark Rothko''' (1903 – 1970) is associated with abstract expressionism and colour field painting. Born in Latvia. Committed suicide
-Seagram murals – created for Four Seasons restaurant in Seagram building, New York
+Rothko Chapel in Houston has 14 Rothko paintings on its walls
-''Subway series'' – Mark Rothko
+''Seagram murals'' – created for Four Seasons restaurant in Seagram building, New York
-Rothko paintings in the Houston Chapel
+''Subway series''
-''White Center (Yellow, Pink and Lavender on Rose)'' – Rothko'''.''' Sold in 2007 for $72.8 million, setting the record of the current most expensive post-war work of art sold at auction
+''White Center (Yellow, Pink and Lavender on Rose)'' – was sold in 2007 for $72.8 million, setting the record of the current most expensive post-war work of art sold at auction
-''Black on Maroon'' – Rothko. Displayed at Tate Modern. Damaged in 2012 by an act of “yellowism”
+''Black on Maroon'' – is displayed at Tate Modern. Damaged in 2012 by an act of “yellowism”
 '''Georges Rouault''' (1871 – 1958) was a French Fauvist and Expressionist painter, and printmaker in lithography and etching
-'''Henri Rousseau''' (1844 – 1910) was known as ‘Le Douanier’ (the customs officer)
+'''Henri Rousseau''' (1844 – 1910) was known as ‘Le Douanier’ (the customs officer). Rousseau was a French Post-Impressionist painter in the Naive or Primitive manner
-Rousseau was a French Post-Impressionist painter in the Naive or Primitive manner
+''The Hungry Lion Throws Itself on the Antelope''
-Many jungle scenes, including ''Tiger in a Tropical Storm (Surprised!)'', ''The Hungry Lion Throws Itself on the Antelope'', ''The Snake Charmer'', ''The Dream'' – Rousseau
+''The Snake Charmer''
-''The Football Players'', ''The Sleeping Gypsy'' – Rousseau
+''The Dream''
-'''Peter Paul Rubens''' (1577 – 1640) was born in Germany. Baroque painter. Van Dyck was a student of his. Painted the ceiling of the London Banqueting House (designed by Inigo Jones)
+''The Football Players''
-Rubens – commissions for Marie de’ Medici
+''The Sleeping Gypsy''
-''The Three Graces'' – Rubens
+'''Peter Paul Rubens''' (1577 – 1640) was born in Germany. Baroque painter. Van Dyck was a student of his. Painted the ceiling of the London Banqueting House (designed by Inigo Jones). Rubens painted commissions for Marie de’ Medici. Rubens was sent on a diplomatic mission to Philip of Spain by the Duke of Mantua. Isabella Brant was Ruben’s first wife. Rubens collaborated with Jan Brueghel the Elder. The term ‘Rubenesque’ derives from Rubens’ fondness for painting full-figured women
-''Massacre of the Innocents'' – Rubens. The work was sold at auction at Sotheby's, London in 2002 for £49.5 million to Canadian businessman Kenneth Thomson
+''The Three Graces''
-''Adoration of the Magi'' – Rubens
+''Massacre of the Innocents'' – was sold at auction at Sotheby's, London in 2002 for £49.5 million
-''Saint George and the Dragon'' – Rubens
+''Adoration of the Magi''
-''The Descent from the Cross'' is the central panel of a triptych painting by Peter Paul Rubens in 1612–1614. The painting is the second of Rubens's great altarpieces for the Cathedral of Our Lady, Antwerp, along with ''The Elevation of the Cross''
+''Saint George and the Dragon''
-''Helene Fourment in a Fur Wrap'' – Rubens. Helene Fourment was Rubens’ second wife
+''The Descent from the Cross'' – the central panel of a triptych. The painting is the second of Rubens's great altarpieces for the Cathedral of Our Lady, Antwerp, along with ''The Elevation of the Cross''
-''Coronation of Marie de' Medici in St. Denis'' – Rubens
+''Helene Fourment in a Fur Wrap'' – Helene Fourment was Rubens’ second wife
-''Landscape with a Rainbow'' – Rubens
+''Coronation of Marie de' Medici in St. Denis''
-''The Hippopotamus and Crocodile Hunt'' – Rubens
+''Landscape with a Rainbow''
-Rubens was sent on a diplomatic mission to Philip of Spain by the Duke of Mantua
+''The Hippopotamus and Crocodile Hunt''
-Isabella Brant was Ruben’s first wife
+'''Andrei Rublev''' (1360s – c. 1428) is considered to be the greatest medieval Russian painter of Orthodox icons and frescos. The only work authenticated as entirely his is the icon of the ''Trinity''
-Rubens collaborated with Jan Brueghel the Elder
+'''Ed Ruscha''' (born 1937) is an American artist associated with the Pop art movement. Ruscha lives and works in Culver City, California. Ed Ruscha produced a number of ‘word paintings’
-'''Ed Ruscha''' (born 1937) is an American artist associated with the Pop art movement. Ruscha lives and works in Culver City, California
+'''Rachel Ruysch''' (1664 – 1750) was a still life painter from the Netherlands who specialized in flowers. She became the best documented woman painter of the Dutch Golden Age
 '''Paul Sandby''' (1731 – 1809) was an English map-maker turned landscape painter in watercolours, who, along with his older brother Thomas, became one of the founding members of the Royal Academy in 1768

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 '''John Nash''' (1893 – 1977) was the younger brother of Paul Nash. Fought in World War I in the Artists Rifles
-'''Paul Nash''' (1889 – 1946) co-founded the Unit One art group with Henry Moore and Barbara Hepworth. Unit One was active from 1933 to 1935. Official war artist in World War I and World War II. Surrealist paintings of Avebury. Many paintings displayed at Imperial War Museum in London
+'''Paul Nash''' (1889 – 1946) co-founded the Unit One art group with Henry Moore and Barbara Hepworth. Unit One was active from 1933 to 1935. Official war artist in World War I and World War II. Surrealist paintings of Avebury. Many paintings displayed at Imperial War Museum in London. Paul Nash illustrated the ''Shell Guide to Dorset''
-Paul Nash illustrated the ''Shell Guide to Dorset''
+Wittenham Clumps in Oxfordshire were repeatedly painted by Paul Nash
-''The Menin Road'', ''We Are Making a New World'' – Paul Nash
+''The Menin Road''
-Wittenham Clumps in Oxfordshire were repeatedly painted by Paul Nash
+''We Are Making a New World''
 '''Christopher R. W. Nevinson''' (1889 – 1946) was an official war artist in World War I and a futurist artist
-''Paths of Glory'', ''La Mitrailleuse'', ''The Arrival'' – Christopher Nevinson
+''Paths of Glory''
 '''Barnett Newman''' (1905 – 1970) was one of the major figures in abstract expressionism and one of the foremost of the color field painters. Newman was born in New York City, the son of Jewish immigrants from Poland. Early works characterized by areas of colour separated by thin vertical lines, or "zips" as Newman called them
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 '''Emil''' '''Nolde''' (1867 – 1956) adopted his birthplace as a pseudonym. Emil Nolde was was one of the first Expressionists, and was a member of Die Brucke
-''Cow’s Skull: Red, White and Blue'' – '''Georgia O’Keeffe''' (1887 – 1986). She is best known for her paintings of enlarged flowers, New York skyscrapers, and New Mexico landscapes. Georgia O’Keeffe Museum is in Santa Fe
+'''Georgia O’Keeffe''' (1887 – 1986) is best known for her paintings of enlarged flowers, New York skyscrapers, and New Mexico landscapes. Georgia O’Keeffe Museum is in Santa Fe. Georgia O’Keeffe was married to photographer Alfred Stieglitz
-Georgia O’Keeffe was married to photographer Alfred Steiglitz
+''Jimson Weed/White Flower No. 1'' – was sold at auction to Walmart heiress Alice Walton in 2014 for $44 million
 '''John Opie''' (1761 – 1807) was known as the “Cornish wonder”. He painted many great men and women of his day
@@ Line 1,317: / Line 1,323: @@
 '''Jean-Baptiste Oudry''' (1686 – 1755) was a French Rococo painter. He is particularly well known for his naturalistic pictures of animals and his hunt pieces depicting game
-''Clara the Rhinoceros'' – Oudry
+''Clara the Rhinoceros''
 '''Samuel Palmer''' (1805 – 1881) was an English landscape painter, etcher and printmaker. He was also a prolific writer. Palmer was a key figure in English Romanticism and produced visionary pastoral paintings