Civilisation/Architecture - Revision history

QRNeditor: Added 2024 Stirling Prize winner

2024-10-18T14:44:00Z

Added 2024 Stirling Prize winner

QRNeditor: Updated list of Pritzker Prize winners

2023-09-21T15:16:26Z

Updated list of Pritzker Prize winners

Loonapick at 12:08, 2 August 2022

2022-08-02T12:08:18Z

QRNeditor: Added Paulo Mendes da Rocha

2021-05-25T17:26:26Z

Added Paulo Mendes da Rocha

QRNeditor: Formatting edits

2021-05-24T11:57:31Z

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QRNeditor: Formatting edits

2021-05-24T11:54:46Z

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QRNeditor: Formatting edits

2021-05-24T11:52:17Z

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QRNeditor: Formatting edits

2021-05-24T11:49:18Z

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QRNeditor: Added winners for Pritzker Prize and Stirling Prize

2021-05-24T11:45:37Z

Added winners for Pritzker Prize and Stirling Prize

QRNeditor: Formatting edits

2021-05-13T15:52:53Z

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@@ Line 900: / Line 900: @@
 |Foster and Partners
 |Bloomberg Building, London
 |}

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 |2009
 |Peter Zumthor
 |-
 |2014
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 |2020
 |Yvonne Farrell  and Shelley McNamara
 |}

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 '''Uno Ahren''' (1897 – 1977) was a Swedish architect and city planner, and a leading proponent of functionalism. He co-authored ''The Housing Question as a Social Planning Problem'', a work that would prove influential in the structuring of the Social Democratic Swedish society
-'''Will Alsop''' (born 1947)
+'''Will Alsop''' (1947-2018)
 Peckham Library – won the Stirling Prize in 2000
@@ Line 327: / Line 327: @@
 The Seed Cathedral references the race to save seeds from round the world in banks, and therefore the cathedral houses 60,000 plant seeds at the end of acrylic rods, held in place by geometrically cut holes with the rods inserted therein. The structure stands where it was built, at a cost of £25 million, in Shanghai for the 2010 World Expo
-'''Herzog & de Meuron''' was founded in Basel in 1978 by Jacques Herzog and Pierre de Meuron
+'''Herzog & de Meuron''' was founded in Basel in 1978 by Jacques Herzog (born 1950) and Pierre de Meuron (born 1950)
 Converted Bankside Power Station into Tate Modern
@@ Line 387: / Line 387: @@
 Palace of Whitehall was the main residence of the English monarchs in London from 1530 until 1698 when all except Inigo Jones's 1622 Banqueting House (site of execution of Charles I in 1649) was destroyed by fire. Originally known as York Place
-'''Rem Koolhaus''' (born 1944) is s Dutch architect
+'''Rem Koolhaas''' (born 1944) is s Dutch architect
 CCTV Headquarters building in Beijing
@@ Line 395: / Line 395: @@
 De Rotterdam is the largest building in the Netherlands. Won the Pritzker Prize in 2000
-'''Eric Kuhne''' (born 1951)
+'''Eric Kuhne''' (1951-2016)
 Bluewater Shopping Centre
@@ Line 527: / Line 527: @@
 Great Victorian Way was an unbuilt infrastructure project, designed by Joseph Paxton in 1855. It would have consisted of a ten-mile covered loop around much of central and west London, integrating a glass-roofed street, railways, shops and houses
-'''Cesar Pelli''' (born 1926) was born in Argentina
+'''Cesar Pelli''' (1926-2019) was born in Argentina
 Petronas Twin Towers in Kuala Lumpur were the tallest buildings in the world from 1998 to 2004 and remain the tallest twin towers in the world
@@ Line 549: / Line 549: @@
 The Auditorium Parco della Musica is a large multi-functional public music complex to the north of Rome, in the area where the 1960 Summer Olympic Games were held
-'''IM Pei''' (born 1917) was born in Guangzhou and raised in Hong Kong and Shanghai
+'''IM Pei''' (1917-2019) was born in Guangzhou and raised in Hong Kong and Shanghai
 Louvre Pyramid
@@ Line 559: / Line 559: @@
 Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum is located on the shore of Lake Erie in downtown Cleveland, Ohio
-'''John Portman''' (born 1924) is an American architect and real estate developer widely known for popularizing hotels and office buildings with multi-storied interior atria. Portman also had a large impact on the cityscape of his hometown of Atlanta, with the Peachtree Center complex which includes Portman-designed Hyatt, Westin, and Marriott hotels
+'''John Portman''' (1924-2017) was an American architect and real estate developer widely known for popularizing hotels and office buildings with multi-storied interior atria. Portman also had a large impact on the cityscape of his hometown of Atlanta, with the Peachtree Center complex which includes Portman-designed Hyatt, Westin, and Marriott hotels
 '''Augustus Pugin''' (1812 – 1852) was an English architect, designer and theorist of design now best remembered for his work on churches and on the Houses of Parliament, rebuilt after a fire in 1834. The Grange in Ramsgate was the home of August Pugin, who designed it in the Victorian Gothic style. Pugin was buried at St Augustine's Church next to the house. Pugin designed the Gothic interiors, wallpapers and furnishings, including the royal thrones and the Palace of Westminster's clock tower in which Big Ben hangs.
@@ Line 589: / Line 589: @@
 '''Gerrit Rietveld''' (1888 – 1964) was a Dutch furniture designer and architect. He designed Schroder House in Utrecht, which was built in 1924
-'''Richard Rogers''' (born 1933) was born in Florence
+'''Richard Rogers''' (1933-2021) was born in Florence
 European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg
@@ Line 693: / Line 693: @@
 Blenheim Palace in 1705 for the Duke of Marlborough
-'''Robert Venturi''' (born 1925) is an American architect, founding principal of the firm Venturi, Scott Brown and Associates. Venturi was awarded the Pritzker Prize in Architecture in 1991; the prize was awarded to him alone, despite a request to include his equal partner Denise Scott Brown
+'''Robert Venturi''' (1925-2018) was an American architect, founding principal of the firm Venturi, Scott Brown and Associates. Venturi was awarded the Pritzker Prize in Architecture in 1991; the prize was awarded to him alone, despite a request to include his equal partner Denise Scott Brown
 Sainsbury Wing of the National Gallery

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:26, 25 May 2021
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	'''Frank Matcham''' (1854 – 1920) was an English theatrical architect and designer. He was known for his designs of many London theatres including the Hackney Empire (1901); the London Coliseum (1904); the London Palladium (1910) and the Victoria Palace (1911)		'''Frank Matcham''' (1854 – 1920) was an English theatrical architect and designer. He was known for his designs of many London theatres including the Hackney Empire (1901); the London Coliseum (1904); the London Palladium (1910) and the Victoria Palace (1911)
		+
		+	'''Paulo Mendes da Rocha''' (1928 – 2021) was a Brazilian architect who initially designed Brutalist buildings. He designed a number of buildings in Sao Paulo and won the Mies van der Rohe Prize (2000) and the Pritzker Prize (2006)

	'''Hannes Meyer''' (1889 – 1954) was a Swiss architect and second director of the Bauhaus in Dessau. He was fired from the Bauhaus in 1930 for allegedly allowing Communist student organization to bring bad publicity to the school		'''Hannes Meyer''' (1889 – 1954) was a Swiss architect and second director of the Bauhaus in Dessau. He was fired from the Bauhaus in 1930 for allegedly allowing Communist student organization to bring bad publicity to the school

@@ Line 314: / Line 314: @@
 == Awards ==
-The European Union Prize for Contemporary Architecture or '''Mies van der Rohe award''' is a prize for architecture given every two years since 1988 by the European Commission. Won by Rem Koolhaas in 2005
+=== Pritzker Architecture Prize ===
-'''Royal Gold Medal''' for architecture is awarded annually by the Royal Institute of British Architects on behalf of the British monarch, in recognition of an individual's or group's substantial contribution to international architecture. It is given for a distinguished body of work rather than for one building
+'''Notable Winners'''
-'''RIBA Stirling Prize''' is named after the architect James Stirling. The award was founded in 1996. First winner was Stephen Hodder. For years prior to 1996, the award was known as the ‘Building of the Year Award’
+=== RIBA Stirling Prize ===
-'''Carbuncle Cup''' is an architecture prize, given annually by the magazine ''Building Design'' to ‘the ugliest building in the United Kingdom completed in the last 12 months’
+'''Notable Winners'''

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-Architectural orders – Doric, Ionic, Corinthian (all Greek), Tuscan and Composite (added by the Romans)
+== Architectural orders ==
 '''Doric''' architecture – oldest and simplest
@@ Line 27: / Line 28: @@
 Telamon – male version of a caryatid
-Fan vault – a form of vault used in the Gothic style, in which the ribs are all of the same curve and spaced equidistantly, in a manner resembling a fan. The largest fan vault in the world can be found in the chapel of King's College, Cambridge
+Volute – a spiral, scroll-like ornament that forms the basis of the Ionic order, found in the capital of the Ionic column
 '''Romanesque''' architecture is the term that is used to describe the architecture of Europe which emerged in the late 10th century and evolved into the Gothic style during the 12th century. The Romanesque style in England is more traditionally referred to as Norman architecture. Romanesque architecture is characterized by its massive quality, its thick walls, round arches, sturdy piers, groin vaults, large towers and decorative arcading, e.g. Durham Cathedral
@@ Line 97: / Line 95: @@
 '''Metabolism''' was a post-war Japanese architectural movement that fused ideas about architectural megastructures with those of organic biological growth
-Architects
+Barrel vault – also known as a tunnel vault or a wagon vault, is an architectural element formed by the extrusion of a single curve (or pair of curves, in the case of a pointed barrel vault) along a given distance. The intersection of two or three barrel vaults produces a rib vault or ribbed vault
 '''Alvar Aalto''' (1898 – 1976) was a Finnish architect and designer. His work also includes furniture, textiles and glassware. Designed Finlandia Hall in Helsinki
@@ Line 148: / Line 163: @@
 '''Walter Gropius''' (1883 – 1969) designed the Pan Am building (now known as The MetLife Building) in New York. He was the first director of the Bauhaus. Born in Germany, moved to the USA in 1937. Married Alma Mahler
-'''Hector Guimard''' (1867 – 1942) is the best-known representative of the French Art Nouveau style of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Designed many Paris metro entrances
+'''Hector Guimard''' (1867 – 1942) was the best-known representative of the French Art Nouveau style of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Designed many Paris metro entrances
-'''Zaha Hadid''' (born 1950) is a Deconstructivist architect born in Baghdad, and the first female recipient of the Pritzker Architecture Prize (2004). Designed the Phaeno Science Center in Wolfsburg, Germany. She won the Stirling Prize two years running: in 2010, for the Maxxi in Rome, and in 2011 for the Evelyn Grace Academy, a school in Brixton. Designed the London Aquatics Centre for the 2012 Olympics.
+'''Zaha Hadid''' (1950 – 2016) was a Deconstructivist architect born in Baghdad, and the first female recipient of the Pritzker Architecture Prize (2004). Designed the Phaeno Science Center in Wolfsburg, Germany. She won the Stirling Prize two years running: in 2010, for the Maxxi in Rome, and in 2011 for the Evelyn Grace Academy, a school in Brixton. Designed the London Aquatics Centre for the 2012 Olympics.
 '''Baron Haussmann''' (1809 – 1891) was chosen by the Emperor Napoleon III to carry out a massive program of new boulevards, parks and public works in Paris
@@ Line 298: / Line 313: @@
 '''Peter Zumthor''' (born 1943) is a Swiss architect and winner of the 2009 Pritzker Prize. His best known projects are the Kunsthaus Bregenz, a shimmering glass and concrete cube that overlooks Lake Constance (Bodensee) in Austria, and the cave-like thermal baths in Vals, Switzerland
+== Awards ==
 '''Pritzker Architecture Prize''' has been awarded annually since 1979 by the Hyatt Foundation to honour a living architect. Winners include – Philip Johnson (1979), James Stirling (1981), IM Pei (1983), Kenzo Tange (1987), Oscar Niemeyer (1988), Frank Gehry (1989), Renzo Piano (1998), Norman Foster (1999), Rem Koolhaas (2000), Herzog and de Meuron (2001), Jorn Utzon (2003), Zaha Hadid (2004), Paulo Mendes da Rocha (2006), Richard Rogers (2007)