Civilisation/List of Reigning Monarchs - Revision history

QRNeditor: Added new Pope and Grand Duke of Luxembourg

2025-10-06T16:18:12Z

Added new Pope and Grand Duke of Luxembourg

QRNeditor: Added new king of Malaysia

2024-02-04T16:31:14Z

Added new king of Malaysia

QRNeditor: Added Frederik X of Denmark

2024-01-14T21:38:15Z

Added Frederik X of Denmark

QRNeditor: New emir of Kuwait

2023-12-17T20:45:32Z

New emir of Kuwait

QRNeditor: Sultan of Brunei is longest-reigning current monarch

2023-03-10T11:38:09Z

Sultan of Brunei is longest-reigning current monarch

QRNeditor: Added Fumihito, Crown Prince of Japan

2023-02-24T10:06:03Z

Added Fumihito, Crown Prince of Japan

QRNeditor: Added new page

2023-02-23T15:44:02Z

Added new page

New page

== Africa ==
{| class="wikitable"
|Eswatini
|King
|Mswati III
|Mswati III was crowned in 1986 at the age of 18. The House of Dlamini is the royal house of the Kingdom of Eswatini.
|-
|Lesotho
|King
|Letsie III
|Letsie III succeeded his father, Moshoeshoe II, who was forced into exile in 1990. His father was briefly restored in 1995 but died in a car crash in early 1996, and Letsie became king again.
|-
|Morocco
|King
|Mohammed VI
|Mohammed VI belongs to the 'Alawi dynasty and acceded to the throne in 1999, upon the death of his father, King Hassan II.
|}

== Asia ==
{| class="wikitable"
|Bahrain
|King
|Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa
|Hamad has been King of Bahrain since 2002. Bahrain has been ruled by the Al Khalifa dynasty since 1783.
|-
|Bhutan
|Druk Gyalpo
|Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck
|Khesar became king in 2006, after his father abdicated the throne. In the Dzongkha language, Druk Gyalpo means “Dragon King”.
|-
|Brunei
|Sultan
|Hassanal Bolkiah
|Hassanal Bolkiah became sultan in 1967, after his father abdicated the throne. He has also served as the Prime Minister of Brunei since independence from the United Kingdom in 1984.
|-
|Cambodia
|King
|Norodom Sihamoni
|Sihamoni became King in 2004, following the abdication of his father, Norodom Sihanouk. Since 1993, the King of Cambodia has been an elected monarch.
|-
|Japan
|Emperor
|Naruhito
|Naruhito acceded to the Chrysanthemum Throne in 2019, beginning the Reiwa era, following the abdication of his father, Akihito.
|-
|Jordan
|King
|Abdullah II
|Abdullah II ascended to the throne in 1999, following the death of his father. He is a member of the Hashemite dynasty, who have been the reigning royal family of Jordan since 1921.
|-
|Kuwait
|Emir
|Nawaf Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah
|Nawaf has been emir since 2000. The emirs of Kuwait are members of the Al Sabah dynasty.
|-
|Malaysia
|Yang di-Pertuan Agong
|Abdullah
|Abdullah has been king since 2019. Yang di-Pertuan Agong is the constitutional monarch and head of state, and also unofficially the King of Malaysia.
|-
|Oman
|Sultan
|Haitham bin Tariq
|Haitham has reigned as Sultan since 2020. House of Busaid, also known as Al Said dynasty, is the current ruling royal house of Oman.
|-
|Qatar
|Emir
|Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani
|Tamin has been emir since 2013. The emirs are members of the House of Al Thani.
|-
|Saudi Arabia
|King
|Salman
|Salman has reigned since 2015, and is the 25th son of Ibn Saud, the founder of Saudi Arabia.
|-
|Thailand
|King
|Vajiralongkorn
|Vajiralongkorn became king in 2016, following the death of his father Bhumibol Adulyadej. As the tenth monarch of the Chakri dynasty, he is also styled as Rama X.
|-
|United Arab Emirates
|President
|Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan
|Mohamed became president in 2022, He is the third son of Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan, who was the first president of the UAE and the ruler of Abu Dhabi.
|}

== Europe ==
{| class="wikitable"
|Andorra
|Co-Prince

Co-Prince
|Joan-Enric Vives i Sicília

Emmanuel Macron
|The Bishop of Urgell and the president of France serve as Andorra's co-princes.
|-
|Belgium
|King
|Philippe
|Philippe succeeded his father Albert II, who abdicated in 2013.
|-
|Denmark
|Queen
|Margrethe II
|Margrethe II succeeded her father Frederick IX, who died in 1972. She is Europe's longest-serving current head of state and only reigning queen. The current Royal House is a branch of the ducal House of Glucksburg.
|-
|Liechtenstein
|Prince
|Hans-Adam II
|Hans-Adam II has been Prince of Liechtenstein since 1989.
|-
|Luxembourg
|Grand Duke
|Henri
|Henri has been Grand Duke of Luxembourg since 2000. He is a first cousin of King Philippe of Belgium.
|-
|Monaco
|Prince
|Albert II
|Albert II became prince in 2005 and is the only son of Prince Rainier III and Grace Kelly. The House of Grimaldi is the current reigning house of the Principality of Monaco. Albert competed in the bobsleigh at five consecutive Winter Olympics for Monaco.
|-
|Netherlands
|King
|Willem-Alexander
|Willem-Alexander succeeded his mother Beatrix, who abdicated in 2013. The House of Orange-Nassau is the current reigning house of the Netherlands.
|-
|Norway
|King
|Harald V
|Harald V succeeded his father Olav V, who died in 1991. The current Royal House is a branch of the ducal House of Glucksburg. Harald represented Norway in sailing at the 1964, 1968, and 1972 Olympic Games.
|-
|Spain
|King
|Felipe VI
|Felipe VI succeeded his father Juan Carlos I, who abdicated in 2014. Felipe was Prince of Asturias from 1977 to 2014.
|-
|Sweden
|King
|Carl XVI Gustav
|Carl XVI Gustav ascended the throne on the death of his grandfather, Gustaf VI Adolf, in 1973. The House of Bernadotte has been the royal family of Sweden since its foundation in 1818.
|-
|United Kingdom
|King
|Charles III
|Charles III acceded to the British throne upon the death of his mother, Elizabeth II, on 8 September 2022. He is also the king of 14 other Commonwealth realms. Camilla is Queen Consort. William, Prince of Wales, is the heir apparent.
|-
|Vatican City
|Pope
|Francis
|Pope Francis is the head of the Catholic Church, the bishop of Rome and sovereign of the Vatican City State. Born Jorge Mario Bergoglio in Argentina. Succeeded Benedict XVI in 2013.
|}

== Oceania ==
{| class="wikitable"
|Tonga
|King
|Tupou VI
|Tupou VI is the younger brother and successor of the late King George Tupou V, who died in 2012.
|}

@@ Line 113: / Line 113: @@
 |Luxembourg
 |Grand Duke
-|Henri
+|Guillaume V
-|Henri has been  Grand Duke of Luxembourg since 2000. He is a first cousin of King Philippe of  Belgium.
+|Guillaume V succeeded his father Henri, who abdicated in 2025
 |-
 |Monaco
@@ Line 148: / Line 148: @@
 |Vatican City
 |Pope
-|Francis
+|Leo XIV
-|Pope Francis is  the head of the Catholic Church, the bishop of Rome and sovereign of the  Vatican City State. Born Jorge Mario Bergoglio in Argentina. Succeeded Benedict  XVI in 2013.
+|Pope Leo XIV is the head of the Catholic Church, the bishop of Rome and sovereign of the Vatican City State. Born Robert Prevost in Chicago. Succeeded Francis in 2025.
 |}

@@ Line 56: / Line 56: @@
 |Malaysia
 |Yang di-Pertuan Agong
-|Abdullah
+|Ibrahim
-|Abdullah has been king since 2019. Yang di-Pertuan  Agong is the constitutional monarch and head of state, and also unofficially  the King of Malaysia.
+|Ibrahim has been king since 2024. Yang di-Pertuan  Agong is the constitutional monarch and head of state, and also unofficially  the King of Malaysia.
 |-
 |Oman

@@ Line 102: / Line 102: @@
 |-
 |Denmark
-|Queen
+|King
-|Margrethe II
+|Frederik X
-|Margrethe II  succeeded her father Frederick IX, who died in 1972. She is Europe's  longest-serving current head of state and only reigning queen. The current  Royal House is a branch of the ducal House of Glucksburg.
+|Frederik X succeeded his mother Margrethe II, who abdicated in 2024. The current  Royal House is a branch of the ducal House of Glucksburg.
 |-
 |Liechtenstein

@@ Line 51: / Line 51: @@
 |Kuwait
 |Emir
-|Nawaf Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah
+|Mishal Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah
-|Nawaf has been emir since 2000. The emirs of Kuwait  are members of the Al Sabah dynasty.
+|Mishal has been emir since 2023. The emirs of Kuwait are members of the Al Sabah dynasty.
 |-
 |Malaysia
@@ Line 62: / Line 62: @@
 |Sultan
 |Haitham bin Tariq
-|Haitham has reigned as Sultan since 2020. House of  Busaid, also known as Al Said dynasty, is the current ruling royal house of  Oman.
+|Haitham has reigned as Sultan since 2020. House of  Busaid, also known as Al Said dynasty, is the current ruling royal house of Oman.
 |-
 |Qatar

@@ Line 32: / Line 32: @@
 |Sultan
 |Hassanal Bolkiah
-|Hassanal Bolkiah became sultan in 1967, after his  father abdicated the throne. He has also served as the Prime Minister of  Brunei since independence from the United Kingdom in 1984.
+|Hassanal Bolkiah became sultan in 1967, after his  father abdicated the throne. He has also served as the Prime Minister of  Brunei since independence from the United Kingdom in 1984. Following the death of Queen Elizabeth II, he is currently the world's longest-reigning current monarch, as well as the longest-serving current head of state.
 |-
 |Cambodia

@@ Line 42: / Line 42: @@
 |Emperor
 |Naruhito
-|Naruhito acceded to the Chrysanthemum Throne in 2019,  beginning the Reiwa era, following the abdication of his father, Akihito.
+|Naruhito acceded to the Chrysanthemum Throne in 2019,  beginning the Reiwa era, following the abdication of his father, Akihito. Fumihito is the younger brother and heir presumptive of Emperor Naruhito.
 |-
 |Jordan