Civilisation/Nobel Prizes - Revision history

QRNeditor: Added 2025 winners

2025-10-15T09:41:01Z

Added 2025 winners

QRNeditor: Added 2024 winners

2024-10-18T14:19:34Z

Added 2024 winners

QRNeditor: Added 2023 winners

2023-10-11T15:44:00Z

Added 2023 winners

QRNeditor: Corrected Frederick Sanger facts

2023-02-08T22:51:46Z

Corrected Frederick Sanger facts

QRNeditor: Removed lists of Peace and Literature winners, which are now on separate pages

2022-12-31T14:30:48Z

Removed lists of Peace and Literature winners, which are now on separate pages

Show changes

QRNeditor: Barry Sharpless awarded second prize in Chemistry

2022-11-27T18:58:20Z

Barry Sharpless awarded second prize in Chemistry

QRNeditor: Added 2022 prizes

2022-10-21T17:26:45Z

Added 2022 prizes

QRNeditor: Fixed typographical errors

2022-05-31T21:01:41Z

Fixed typographical errors

QRNeditor: Added 2021 Nobel Prizes

2021-10-13T10:36:58Z

Added 2021 Nobel Prizes

QRNeditor: Minor formatting

2021-06-01T13:04:46Z

Minor formatting

@@ Line 653: / Line 653: @@
 |}
-== Nobel Prize Winners in 2024 ==
+== Nobel Prize Winners in 2025 ==
 {| class="wikitable"
 |Peace
-|Nihon Hidankyo (Japan)
+|Maria  Corina Machado (Venezuela)
 |-
 |Literature
-|Han Kang (South Korea)
+|László  Krasznahorkai (Hungary)
 |-
 |Physics
-|John Hopfield and Geoffrey Hinton "for foundational discoveries and inventions that enable machine learning with artificial neural networks”
+|John  Clarke, Michel H. Devoret and John M. Martinis “for the discovery of  macroscopic quantum mechanical tunnelling and energy quantisation in an  electric circuit”
 |-
 |Chemistry
-|David Baker “for computational protein design” and Demis Hassabis and John Jumper “for protein structure prediction”
+|Susumu Kitagawa, Richard Robson and Omar M. Yaghi “for the development of  metal-organic frameworks”
 |-
 |Physiology or Medicine
-|Victor Ambros and Gary Ruvkun "for the discovery of microRNA and its role in post-transcriptional gene regulation"
+|Mary  E. Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell and Shimon Sakaguchi “for their discoveries  concerning peripheral immune tolerance”
 |-
 |Economics
-|Daron Acemoglu, Simon Johnson, and James A. Robinson "for studies of how institutions are formed and affect prosperity"
+|Joel  Mokyr, Philippe Aghion and Peter Howitt “for having identified the  prerequisites for sustained growth through technological progress”
 |}

@@ Line 647: / Line 647: @@
 |Ben Bernanke, Douglas Diamond, and Philip Dybvig
 |for research on banks and financial crises
 |}
-== Nobel Prize Winners in 2023 ==
+== Nobel Prize Winners in 2024 ==
 {| class="wikitable"
 |Peace
-|Narges Mohammadi (Iran)
+|Nihon Hidankyo (Japan)
 |-
 |Literature
-|Jon Fosse (Norway)
+|Han Kang (South Korea)
 |-
 |Physics
-|Pierre Agostini, Ferenc Krausz and Anne L’Huillier “for experimental methods that generate attosecond pulses of light for the study of electron dynamics in matter”
+|John Hopfield and Geoffrey Hinton "for foundational discoveries and inventions that enable machine learning with artificial neural networks”
 |-
 |Chemistry
-|Moungi G. Bawendi, Louis E. Brus and Alexei I. Ekimov “for the discovery and synthesis of quantum dots”
+|David Baker “for computational protein design” and Demis Hassabis and John Jumper “for protein structure prediction”
 |-
 |Physiology or Medicine
-|Katalin Kariko and Drew Weissman "for their discoveries concerning nucleoside base modifications that enabled the development of effective mRNA vaccines against COVID-19"
+|Victor Ambros and Gary Ruvkun "for the discovery of microRNA and its role in post-transcriptional gene regulation"
 |-
 |Economics
-|Claudia Goldin "for advancing understanding of women’s labour market outcomes"
+|Daron Acemoglu, Simon Johnson, and James A. Robinson "for studies of how institutions are formed and affect prosperity"
 |}

@@ Line 14: / Line 14: @@
 Since 1902, the King of Sweden has, with the exception of the Peace Prize, presented all the prizes in Stockholm
-The Nobel Prize amount is currently set at Swedish kronor (SEK) 10 million per full Nobel Prize
+The Nobel Prize amount is currently set at Swedish kronor (SEK) 11 million per full Nobel Prize
 In the history of the Nobel Prize, there have been only four people to have received two Nobel Prizes. These are:
@@ Line 575: / Line 575: @@
 |Tu Youyou
 |for  her discoveries concerning a novel therapy against malaria
 |}
@@ Line 639: / Line 643: @@
 |Paul Milgrom and Robert Wilson
 |for improvements to auction theory and  inventions of new auction formats
 |}
-== Nobel Prize Winners in 2022 ==
+== Nobel Prize Winners in 2023 ==
 {| class="wikitable"
 |Peace
-|Belarusian activist Ales Bialiatski, the Russian human rights organisation Memorial, and the Ukrainian human rights organisation Center for Civil Liberties
+|Narges Mohammadi (Iran)
 |-
 |Literature
-|Annie Ernaux (France)
+|Jon Fosse (Norway)
 |-
 |Physics
-|Alain Aspect, John Clauser, and Anton Zeilinger "for experiments with entangled photons, establishing the violation of Bell inequalities and pioneering quantum information science"
+|Pierre Agostini, Ferenc Krausz and Anne L’Huillier “for experimental methods that generate attosecond pulses of light for the study of electron dynamics in matter”
 |-
 |Chemistry
-|Carolyn Bertozzi, Morten Meldal, and Barry Sharpless "for the development of click chemistry and bioorthogonal chemistry"
+|Moungi G. Bawendi, Louis E. Brus and Alexei I. Ekimov “for the discovery and synthesis of quantum dots”
 |-
 |Physiology or Medicine
-|Svante Paabo (Sweden) "for his discoveries concerning the genomes of extinct hominins and human evolution"
+|Katalin Kariko and Drew Weissman "for their discoveries concerning nucleoside base modifications that enabled the development of effective mRNA vaccines against COVID-19"
 |-
 |Economics
-|Ben Bernanke, Douglas Diamond, and Philip Dybvig "for research on banks and financial crises"
+|Claudia Goldin "for advancing understanding of women’s labour market outcomes"
 |}

@@ Line 24: / Line 24: @@
 * Barry Sharpless - Chemistry (2001 and 2022)
-Frederick Sanger is the only Briton and the only living person to have received two Nobel Prizes
+Frederick Sanger is the only Briton to have received two Nobel Prizes
 Only two people have the distinction of being an Oscar winner and a Nobel Laureate –

@@ Line 22: / Line 22: @@
 * John Bardeen – Physics (1956 and 1972)
 * Frederick Sanger – Chemistry (1958 and 1980)
 Frederick Sanger is the only Briton and the only living person to have received two Nobel Prizes
@@ Line 993: / Line 994: @@
 |-
 |1993
-|Kary Mulis
+|Kary Mullis
 |for  his invention of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method
 |-
@@ Line 1,008: / Line 1,009: @@
 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine is awarded yearly by the Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institute
-Husband and wife team Carl and Gerti Cori from Czechoslovakia won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1947. Gerti Cory was first female winner of the prize
+Husband and wife team Carl and Gerti Cori from Czechoslovakia won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1947. Gerti Cori was first female winner of the prize
 Husband and wife team, May-Britt and Edvard Moser from Norway, won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2014

@@ Line 14: / Line 14: @@
 Since 1902, the King of Sweden has, with the exception of the Peace Prize, presented all the prizes in Stockholm
-The Nobel Prize amount is currently set at Swedish kronor (SEK) 8 million per full Nobel Prize
+The Nobel Prize amount is currently set at Swedish kronor (SEK) 10 million per full Nobel Prize
 In the history of the Nobel Prize, there have been only four people to have received two Nobel Prizes. These are:
@@ Line 46: / Line 46: @@
 Ronald Ross was the first Briton to win a Nobel Prize (Physiology or Medicine, 1902) for his work on malaria
-Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin was the first woman after Marie Curie to be awarded alone a Nobel Prize in science
+Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin was the first woman after Marie Curie to be awarded alone a Nobel Prize in sciences
 Hideki Yukawa was the first Japanese to win a Nobel Prize, in 1949
@@ Line 351: / Line 351: @@
 |2020
 |World  Food Programme
+|
 |}
@@ Line 357: / Line 361: @@
 Award of 2018 Nobel Prize in Literature postponed until the following year following a crisis over sexual assault allegations aimed at French photographer Jean-Claude Arnault at the organisation which decides the winner
-France has won the most awards (17)
+France has won the most awards (18)
 Rudyard Kipling is the youngest person to win the award
@@ Line 638: / Line 642: @@
 |Louise  Gluck
 |USA
 |}
@@ Line 1,201: / Line 1,209: @@
 |}
-== Nobel Prize Winners in 2021 ==
+== Nobel Prize Winners in 2022 ==
 {| class="wikitable"
 |Peace
-|Maria Ressa and Dmitry Muratov “for their efforts to safeguard freedom of expression"
+|Belarusian activist Ales Bialiatski, the Russian human rights organisation Memorial, and the Ukrainian human rights organisation Center for Civil Liberties
 |-
 |Literature
-|Abdulrazak Gurnah “for his uncompromising and compassionate penetration of the effects of colonialism and the fate of the refugee in the gulf between cultures and continents”
+|Annie Ernaux (France)
 |-
 |Physics
-|Syukuro Manabe, Klaus Hasselmann, Giorgio Parisi “for groundbreaking contributions to our understanding of complex systems”
+|Alain Aspect, John Clauser, and Anton Zeilinger "for experiments with entangled photons, establishing the violation of Bell inequalities and pioneering quantum information science"
 |-
 |Chemistry
-|Benjamin List and David MacMillan “for the development of asymmetric organocatalysis”
+|Carolyn Bertozzi, Morten Meldal, and Barry Sharpless "for the development of click chemistry and bioorthogonal chemistry"
 |-
 |Physiology or Medicine
-|David Julius and Ardem Patapoutian “for their discoveries of receptors for temperature and touch”
+|Svante Paabo (Sweden) "for his discoveries concerning the genomes of extinct hominins and human evolution"
 |-
 |Economics
-|David Card “for his empirical contributions to labour economics”
+|Ben Bernanke, Douglas Diamond, and Philip Dybvig "for research on banks and financial crises"
 |}

@@ Line 103: / Line 103: @@
 |1922
 |Fridtjof Nansen
-|for  his work as a League of Nations High Commissioner
+|for his work as a League of Nations High Commissioner
 |-
 |1925
@@ Line 119: / Line 119: @@
 |1935
 |Carl von Ossietzky
-|for  his struggle against Germany's rearmament
+|for his struggle against Germany's rearmament
 |-
 |1937
 |Robert Cecil
-|for  his work with the League of Nations
+|for his work with the League of Nations
 |-
 |1945
 |Cordell Hull
-|for  his role in establishing the United Nations
+|for his role in establishing the United Nations
 |-
 |1950
@@ Line 135: / Line 135: @@
 |1952
 |Albert Schweitzer
-|for  founding a hospital in Gabon
+|for founding a hospital in Gabon
 |-
 |1953
 |George Marshall
-|for  the European Recovery Program, known as the  Marshall Plan
+|for the European Recovery Program, known as the  Marshall Plan
 |-
 |1954
 |United Nations High  Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)
-|Also  won in 1981
+|Also won in 1981
 |-
 |1957
@@ Line 159: / Line 159: @@
 |1962
 |Linus  Pauling
-|for  his campaign against nuclear weapons testing
+|for his campaign against nuclear weapons testing
 |-
 |1964
@@ Line 175: / Line 175: @@
 |1970
 |Norman  Borlaug
-|for  developing strains of high-yielding, disease-resistant wheat for developing  countries
+|for developing strains of high-yielding, disease-resistant wheat for developing  countries
 |-
 |1971
@@ Line 199: / Line 199: @@
 |1978
 |Anwar Sadat and Menachem Begin
-|Sadat  was first Muslim Nobel laureate
+|Sadat  was the first Muslim Nobel laureate
 |-
 |1979
@@ Line 225: / Line 225: @@
+|
 |-
-|1889
+|1989
 |Tenzin Gyatso, 14th Dalai Lama
+|
@@ Line 255: / Line 255: @@
 |1996
 |Carlos Belo and Jose Ramos-Horta
-|East  Timor
+|East Timor
 |-
 |1997
@@ Line 271: / Line 271: @@
 |2000
 |Kim Dae Jung
-|for  his work for democracy and human rights in South Korea
+|for his work for democracy and human rights in South Korea
 |-
 |2001
@@ Line 283: / Line 283: @@
 |2003
 |Shirin Ebadi
-|Iran.  First Muslim female winner
+|Iran. First Muslim female winner
 |-
 |2004
@@ Line 291: / Line 291: @@
 |2005
 |International Atomic Energy Agency and Mohamed  ElBaradei
-|for  their efforts to prevent nuclear energy from being used for military purposes
+|for their efforts to prevent nuclear energy from being used for military purposes
 |-
 |2006
 |Muhammad Yunus and Grameen Bank
-|for  microcredit work in Bangladesh
+|for microcredit work in Bangladesh
 |-
 |2007
@@ Line 303: / Line 303: @@
 |2008
 |Martti  Ahtisaari
-|Former  President of Finland
+|Former President of Finland
 |-
 |2009
@@ Line 311: / Line 311: @@
 |2010
 |Liu Xiaobo
-|for  his struggle for fundamental human rights in China
+|for his struggle for fundamental human rights in China
 |-
 |2011
 |Ellen Johnson Sirleaf (Liberia), Leymah Gbowee  (Liberia) and Tawakkul Karman (Yemen)
-|for  their non-violent struggle for the safety of women and for women's rights
+|for their non-violent struggle for the safety of women and for women's rights
 |-
 |2012
@@ Line 343: / Line 343: @@
 |2018
 |Dennis  Mugwege (Congo) and Nadia Murad (Iraq)
-|for  their efforts to end the use of sexual violence as a weapon of war and armed  conflict
+|for their efforts to end the use of sexual violence as a weapon of war and armed  conflict
 |-
 |2019

@@ Line 991: / Line 991: @@
 |Crutzen,  Molina and Rowland
 |for  their work in atmospheric chemistry, particularly concerning the formation  and decomposition of ozone
 |}
@@ Line 1,142: / Line 1,146: @@
 |1969
 |Ragnar Frisch and Jan Tinbergen
-|for work on  econometrics
+|for work on econometrics
 |-
 |1970
 |Paul Samuelson
-|First American  winner
+|First American winner
 |-
 |1972
 |John Hicks
-|First British  winner
+|First British winner
 |-
 |1973
@@ Line 1,191: / Line 1,195: @@
 |Abhijit Banerjee  and Esther Duflo
 |Second woman to  win
 |}
-== Nobel Prize Winners in 2020 ==
+== Nobel Prize Winners in 2021 ==
 {| class="wikitable"
 |Peace
-|World  Food Programme
+|Maria Ressa and Dmitry Muratov “for their efforts to safeguard freedom of expression"
 |-
 |Literature
-|Louise  Gluck (USA)
+|Abdulrazak Gurnah “for his uncompromising and compassionate penetration of the effects of colonialism and the fate of the refugee in the gulf between cultures and continents”
 |-
 |Physics
-|Roger  Penrose “for the discovery that black hole formation is a robust prediction  of the general theory of relativity” and the other half jointly to Reinhard  Genzel and Andrea Ghez “for the discovery of a supermassive compact object at  the centre of our galaxy”
+|Syukuro Manabe, Klaus Hasselmann, Giorgio Parisi “for groundbreaking contributions to our understanding of complex systems”
 |-
 |Chemistry
-|Emmanuelle  Charpentier and Jennifer A. Doudna “for the development of a method for  genome editing”
+|Benjamin List and David MacMillan “for the development of asymmetric organocatalysis”
 |-
 |Physiology or Medicine
-|Harvey  J. Alter, Michael Houghton and Charles M. Rice “for the discovery of  Hepatitis C virus”
+|David Julius and Ardem Patapoutian “for their discoveries of receptors for temperature and touch”
 |-
 |Economics
-|Paul  R. Milgrom and Robert B. Wilson “for improvements to auction theory and  inventions of new auction formats”
+|David Card “for his empirical contributions to labour economics”
 |}

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:04, 1 June 2021
Line 1:		Line 1:
		+	== Introduction ==
	The Nobel Prizes are prizes awarded annually to people (and, in the case of the Peace Prize, to organizations) who have completed outstanding research, invented ground-breaking techniques or equipment, or made an outstanding contribution to society in physics, chemistry, literature, peace, medicine or physiology and economics.		The Nobel Prizes are prizes awarded annually to people (and, in the case of the Peace Prize, to organizations) who have completed outstanding research, invented ground-breaking techniques or equipment, or made an outstanding contribution to society in physics, chemistry, literature, peace, medicine or physiology and economics.