Civilisation/World Geography - Africa - Revision history

QRNeditor: Brought up to date

2023-07-10T16:36:48Z

Brought up to date

QRNeditor: Brought up to date

2023-07-10T16:25:37Z

Brought up to date

QRNeditor: Brought up to date

2023-07-10T16:17:26Z

Brought up to date

QRNeditor: Brought up to date

2023-07-10T16:08:37Z

Brought up to date

QRNeditor: Brought up to date

2023-07-10T15:57:11Z

Brought up to date

QRNeditor: Added British Indian Ocean Territory

2022-05-07T12:10:33Z

Added British Indian Ocean Territory

QRNeditor: Reorganised Physical Geography section

2022-05-05T12:02:58Z

Reorganised Physical Geography section

Show changes

QRNeditor: Added physical features

2022-05-03T14:50:22Z

Added physical features

QRNeditor: Added flags for Somalialand and SADR

2022-05-03T14:45:44Z

Added flags for Somalialand and SADR

QRNeditor: Added new content

2022-05-03T14:40:58Z

Added new content

Show changes

@@ Line 1,822: / Line 1,822: @@
 Highest mountains in Africa – Kilimanjaro, Kenya, Stanley
-Atlas Mountains extend about 2500 km through Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia. Toubkal in Morocco is the highest peak in the Atlas Mountains and in North Africa
+Atlas Mountains extend about 2,500 km through Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia. Toubkal in Morocco is the highest peak in the Atlas Mountains and in North Africa
-Rwenzori Mountains, previously called the Ruwenzori is a mountain range of central Africa, often referred to as Mt. Rwenzori, located on the border between Uganda and the DR Congo, with heights of up to 5,109 m. The highest Rwenzoris are permanently snow-capped, and they, along with Mount Kilimanjaro and Mount Kenya are the only such in Africa. Mount Stanley, in the Rwenzori range, is the highest mountain of both the DR Congo and Uganda
+Rwenzori Mountains is a mountain range of central Africa, often referred to as Mt. Rwenzori, located on the border between Uganda and the DR Congo, with heights of up to 5,109 m. The highest Rwenzoris are permanently snow-capped, and they, along with Mount Kilimanjaro and Mount Kenya are the only such in Africa. Mount Stanley, in the Rwenzori range, is the highest mountain of both the DR Congo and Uganda
@@ Line 1,838: / Line 1,839: @@
 Kalahari is a semi-desert covering much of Botswana, parts of Namibia, and South Africa
@@ Line 1,849: / Line 1,852: @@
 Nubian Sandstone Aquifer System (NSAS) is the world’s largest known fossil water aquifer system. It is located underground in the Eastern end of the Sahara Desert and spans the political boundaries of four countries in north-eastern Africa
@@ Line 1,886: / Line 1,890: @@
 Niger, Gambia and Senegal rivers all rise in Guinea
 <u>Lakes</u>
-[[File:African Great Lakes.svg|none|thumb]]
+[[File:African Great Lakes.svg|none|thumb|alt=|647x647px]]
 Largest lakes in Africa by area – Lake Victoria, Lake Tanganyika, Lake Malawi, Lake Turkana, Lake Albert
 Lake Victoria lies just south of the equator. Lake Victoria is Africa’s largest lake, and the largest tropical lake in the world, and is Earth's second largest freshwater lake – only North America's Lake Superior is larger
-Migingo Island in Lake Victoria was the center of a territorial dispute between Kenya and Uganda and is extremely densely populated
+Migingo Island in Lake Victoria was the centre of a territorial dispute between Kenya and Uganda and is extremely densely populated
 Lake Tanganyika is the second deepest in the world, after Lake Baikal. It is also the world's longest freshwater lake and second biggest freshwater lake by volume
-Lake Malawi is an African Great Lake and the southernmost lake in the East African Rift system. This lake, the eighth largest lake in the world, is located between Malawi, Mozambique, and Tanzania
+Lake Malawi is an African Great Lake and the southernmost lake in the East African Rift system. The eighth largest lake in the world, is located between Malawi, Mozambique, and Tanzania
 Mumbo Island is in Lake Malawi
@@ Line 1,913: / Line 1,916: @@
 Lake Kivu lies on the border between the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Rwanda, and is in the Albertine Rift, the western branch of the East African Rift. Lake Kivu empties into the Ruzizi River, which flows southwards into Lake Tanganyika. It contains large quantities of carbon dioxide and methane
@@ Line 1,930: / Line 1,934: @@
 Mascarene Islands is a group of islands in the Indian Ocean east of Madagascar consisting of Mauritius, Reunion and Rodrigues
@@ Line 1,943: / Line 1,948: @@
 Murchison Falls is a waterfall on the Nile. It breaks the Victoria Nile, which flows across northern Uganda from Lake Victoria to Lake Kyoga and then to the north end of Lake Albert in the western branch of the East African Rift

@@ Line 1,667: / Line 1,667: @@
 Uganda is the world's second most populous landlocked country after Ethiopia. The southern part of the country includes a substantial portion of Lake Victoria, shared with Kenya and Tanzania
-Uganda gained independence from Britain in 1962
+Uganda gained independence from the United Kingdom in 1962
 The official languages are Swahili and English
@@ Line 1,677: / Line 1,677: @@
 Lake Albert and Lake Edward have borders with Uganda
-Nalubaale Power Station, often known by its old name, Owen Falls Dam, is a hydroelectric power station across the White Nile near to its source at Lake Victoria in Uganda
+Nalubaale Power Station, often known by its old name, Owen Falls Dam, is a hydroelectric power station across the White Nile near to its source at Lake Victoria
 Lake Kyoga is a large shallow lake in Uganda. The Victoria Nile flows through the lake
@@ Line 1,747: / Line 1,747: @@
 == States limited in official recognition ==
-=== Somalialand ===
+=== Somaliland ===
 [[File:Flag of Somaliland.png|center|thumb]]
-Somalialand is a self-declared independent state that is internationally recognized as an autonomous region of Somalia. In 1991, the people of Somaliland declared independence from Somalia. Somaliland lies in northwestern Somalia, on the southern coast of the Gulf of Aden. Hargeisa is the capital city
+Somaliland is a self-declared independent state that is internationally recognized as an autonomous region of Somalia. In 1991, the people of Somaliland declared independence from Somalia. Somaliland lies in northwestern Somalia, on the southern coast of the Gulf of Aden
 Berbera is a port in Somaliland
@@ Line 1,766: / Line 1,768: @@
 === Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha ===
-A British Overseas Territory in the southern Atlantic Ocean consisting of the island of Saint Helena, Ascension Island and the archipelago of Tristan da Cunha
+Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha is a British Overseas Territory in the southern Atlantic Ocean consisting of the island of Saint Helena, Ascension Island and the archipelago of Tristan da Cunha
 Jamestown is the capital and only port on St Helena
 Jacob's Ladder is a staircase leading from Jamestown up the side of Ladder Hill to Ladder Hill Fort
 Ascension Island is 3,730 km to the north of Tristan da Cunha
 Georgetown is the capital and chief settlement of Ascension Island
@@ Line 1,782: / Line 1,790: @@
 Edinburgh of the Seven Seas is the main settlement of the island of Tristan da Cunha
-Tristan da Cunha is the most remote inhabited archipelago in the world, lying 2,000 km from nearest inhabited land, Saint Helena
+Tristan da Cunha is the most remote inhabited archipelago in the world, lying 2,000 km from the nearest inhabited land, Saint Helena
 St Helena and Ascension both lie due west of the coast of Angola
@@ Line 1,801: / Line 1,809: @@
 Saint-Denis is the capital of Reunion
 === British Indian Ocean Territory ===
-The British Indian Ocean Territory (BIOT) is situated in the Indian Ocean, halfway between Africa and Indonesia. The territory comprises the six atolls of the Chagos Archipelago with over 1,000 individual islands. The largest island is Diego Garcia. Great Chagos Bank is the largest atoll in the world
+British Indian Ocean Territory (BIOT) is situated in the Indian Ocean, halfway between Africa and Indonesia. The territory comprises the six atolls of the Chagos Archipelago with over 1,000 individual islands. The largest island is Diego Garcia. Great Chagos Bank is the largest atoll in the world
 The sovereignty of the Chagos Archipelago is disputed between the UK and Mauritius

@@ Line 1,171: / Line 1,171: @@
 Niger Delta is the delta of the Niger River at the Gulf of Guinea on the Atlantic Ocean. It is a very densely populated region sometimes called the Oil Rivers because it was once a major producer of palm oil
-Lagos is the largest city in sub-Saharan Africa, with a population of over 14 million in its urban area
+Lagos is the largest city in sub-Saharan Africa, with a population of over 21 million in its urban area
 Federal Capital Territory is the home of Abuja, the capital of Nigeria. It officially became Nigeria's capital in 1991, replacing Lagos
@@ Line 1,402: / Line 1,402: @@
 Pretoria forms part of the Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality
 '''KwaZulu-Natal'''
@@ Line 1,411: / Line 1,413: @@
 Before the end of apartheid in 1994, Pietermaritzburg was the capital of Natal Province
-Port Natal was renamed Durban in honor of then Cape Colony Governor, Sir Benjamin d’Urban
+Port Natal was renamed Durban in honour of then Cape Colony Governor, Sir Benjamin d’Urban
 Ladysmith is named after the Spanish wife of Sir Harry Smith, the Governor of the Cape Colony
@@ Line 1,440: / Line 1,444: @@
 Capital and largest city – Kimberley
 '''Western Cape'''
@@ Line 1,494: / Line 1,500: @@
 |Mount Kinyeti
 |}
-South Sudan gained independence from Sudan in 2011. The current capital is Juba, which is also its largest city. The capital city is planned to be changed to the more centrally located Ramciel in the future
+South Sudan gained independence from Sudan in 2011. The capital city is planned to be changed to the more centrally located Ramciel in the future
 Juba is situated on the White Nile
@@ Line 1,502: / Line 1,508: @@
 The official language of South Sudan is English
-Sudd is a vast swamp in South Sudan, formed by the White Nile
+Sudd is a vast swamp, formed by the White Nile
-South Sudan's protected area of Bandingilo National Park hosts the second-largest wildlife migration in the world (largest is the Serengeti migration)
+South Sudan's protected area of Bandingilo National Park hosts the second-largest wildlife migration in the world. The largest is the Serengeti migration
 == Sudan ==
@@ Line 1,529: / Line 1,535: @@
 Khartoum is located at the confluence of the White Nile, flowing north from Lake Victoria, and the Blue Nile, flowing west from Ethiopia. The location where the two Niles meet is known as the "al-Mogran", meaning the Confluence. The main Nile continues to flow north towards Egypt and the Mediterranean Sea
-Jebel Barkal is a mountain which served as a royal cemetery during the Kingdom of Kush. World Heritage Site
+Jebel Barkal is a mountain which served as a royal cemetery during the Kingdom of Kush. It is a World Heritage Site
 Nubian pyramids were built by the rulers of the ancient Kushite kingdoms
@@ Line 1,593: / Line 1,599: @@
 |Mount Agou
 |}
-Togo is bordered by Ghana to the west, Benin to the east and Burkina Faso to the north. It extends south to the Gulf of Guinea, where its capital Lome is located
+Togo is bordered by Ghana to the west, Benin to the east and Burkina Faso to the north. It extends south to the Gulf of Guinea, where Lome is located
 Togo and the surrounding region was known as "The Slave Coast"
@@ Line 1,625: / Line 1,631: @@
 Carthage is a suburb of Tunis
 Monastir is a tourist resort in Tunisia
@@ Line 1,636: / Line 1,644: @@
 Kairouan is one of the most visited pilgrimage site in Islam. The Mosque of Uqba is situated in the city
-Djerba is the largest island of North Africa, located in the Gulf of Gabes, off the coast of Tunisia
+Djerba is the largest island of North Africa, located in the Gulf of Gabes
 Ras ben Sakka is the most northerly point of the African continent

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-[[File:Map-Africa-Regions.png|none|thumb]]Africa is the only continent to pass through both Tropics
+[[File:Map-Africa-Regions.png|none|thumb|alt=|520x520px]]Africa is the only continent to pass through both Tropics
 Largest countries in Africa by area – Algeria, DR Congo, Sudan
@@ Line 781: / Line 781: @@
 Lake Bogoria is a saline, alkaline lake that is home to a large population of flamingos
 == Lesotho ==
@@ Line 831: / Line 833: @@
 English is the official language of Liberia
-Monrovia is named in honor of U.S. President James Monroe, a prominent supporter of the colonization of Liberia
+Monrovia is named in honor of U.S. President James Monroe, a prominent supporter of the colonisation of Liberia
 Due to its status as a flag of convenience, Liberia has the second-largest maritime registry in the world behind Panama
@@ Line 862: / Line 864: @@
 Tripoli is in western Libya and contains over one million of Libya's six million people
 Leptis Magna achieved its greatest prominence beginning in 193, when a native son, Lucius Septimius Severus, became emperor. The arch of Septimius Severus is one of the main tourist attractions. The ruins are within present-day Khoms
@@ Line 890: / Line 894: @@
 Toamasina is the chief seaport of Madagascar
-Madagascar spiny forests is an ecoregion in Madagascar
+Madagascar spiny forests is an ecoregion
 Madagascar is a biodiversity hotspot; over 90 percent of its wildlife is found nowhere else on Earth
 The Avenue or Alley of the Baobabs is a prominent group of baobab trees lining a dirt road in western Madagascar
 == Malawi ==
@@ Line 947: / Line 953: @@
 Timbuktu is 12 miles north of the River Niger
-Djenne in Mali is famous for its distinctive mud-brick (adobe) architecture, most notably the Great Mosque
+Djenne is famous for its distinctive mud-brick (adobe) architecture, most notably the Great Mosque
 == Mauritania ==
@@ Line 969: / Line 977: @@
 Mauritania was part of French West Africa from 1920 until independence in 1960
-The capital and largest city of Mauritania is Nouakchott, located on the Atlantic coast
+Nouakchott is located on the Atlantic coast
 Iron ore accounts for 50% of exports from Mauritania
@@ Line 999: / Line 1,007: @@
 Rodrigues is an autonomous outer island of the Republic of Mauritius
 == Morocco ==
@@ Line 1,101: / Line 1,111: @@
 Etosha pan is a large endorheic salt pan, forming part of the Kalahari Basin in the north of Namibia. The dry lakebed and its surroundings are protected as Etosha National Park, one of Namibia's largest wildlife parks
-There has been significant investment in uranium mining and Namibia is the world's fourth largest producer of uranium. Rich alluvial diamond deposits make Namibia a primary source for gem-quality diamonds
+There has been significant investment in uranium mining
 Fish River Canyon is the largest canyon in Africa. The Fish River is the longest interior river in Namibia
@@ Line 1,126: / Line 1,138: @@
 Niger is the largest landlocked country in Africa
-The Agadez Region represents 52% of the total area of Niger, the largest of its seven regions
+The Agadez Region represents 52% of the total area of Niger, and is the largest of its seven regions
 Niger is an exporter of uranium ore
@@ Line 1,149: / Line 1,161: @@
 |Chappal Waddi
 |}
-Nigeria is the most populous country in Africa and the seventh most populous country in the world
+Nigeria is the most populous country in Africa and the sixth most populous country in the world
 The three largest ethnic groups are the Yoruba, Hausa, and Igbo
@@ Line 1,157: / Line 1,169: @@
 In 2014, Nigeria's economy (GDP) became the largest in Africa, overtaking South Africa
-Niger Delta is the delta of the Niger River at the Gulf of Guinea on the Atlantic Ocean in Nigeria. It is a very densely populated region sometimes called the Oil Rivers because it was once a major producer of palm oil
+Niger Delta is the delta of the Niger River at the Gulf of Guinea on the Atlantic Ocean. It is a very densely populated region sometimes called the Oil Rivers because it was once a major producer of palm oil
 Lagos is the largest city in sub-Saharan Africa, with a population of over 14 million in its urban area
@@ Line 1,168: / Line 1,180: @@
 At Nigerian independence, Ibadan was the largest and most populous city in the country and the third in Africa after Cairo and Johannesburg
 Port Harcourt is the chief oil-refining city in Nigeria
@@ Line 1,200: / Line 1,214: @@
 Rwanda is known as the “country of 1000 hills”
 Volcanoes National Park was the base for the zoologist Dian Fossey
@@ Line 1,209: / Line 1,221: @@
 == Sao Tome and Principe ==
 [[File:Flag-of-Sao-Tome-and-Principe.png|none|thumb]]
-The two black stars on the flag of Sao Toma and Principe represent the two islands that make up the country
+The two black stars on the flag of Sao Tome and Principe represent the two islands that make up the country
 {| class="wikitable"
 |Capital
@@ Line 1,310: / Line 1,322: @@
 From 1808 to 1874, Freetown served as the capital of British West Africa
-Sierra Leone has relied on mining, especially diamonds, for its economic base. It is also among the largest producers of titanium and bauxite, a major producer of gold, and has one of the world's largest deposits of rutile. Sierra Leone is home to the third-largest natural harbour in the world
+Sierra Leone has relied on mining, especially diamonds, for its economic base. It is also among the largest producers of titanium and bauxite, a major producer of gold, and has one of the world's largest deposits of rutile
 == Somalia ==

@@ Line 110: / Line 110: @@
 Debswana, the largest diamond mining company operating in Botswana, is 50% owned by the government and 50% owned by De Beers. The mineral industry provides about 40% of all government revenues
 == Burkina Faso ==
@@ Line 226: / Line 224: @@
 |Mont Ngaoui
 |}
 Central African Republic gained independence from France in 1960
@@ Line 233: / Line 233: @@
 Two thirds of the country is within the Ubangi River basin, which flows into the Congo
 == Chad ==
@@ Line 326: / Line 328: @@
 |Mount Stanley
 |}
-DR Congo is the second largest country in Africa by area and the eleventh largest in the world. It is the most populous officially Francophone country, and the fourth most populous nation in Africa
+DR Congo is the second largest country in Africa by area and the eleventh largest in the world. It is the most populous Francophone country, and the fourth most populous nation in Africa
 Known as Zaire from 1971 to 1997
@@ Line 344: / Line 346: @@
 Nyamuragira is an active volcano in the Virunga Mountains. It has been described as Africa's most active volcano and has erupted over 40 times since 1885
-DR Congo's largest export is raw minerals, with China accepting over 50% of exports in 2012
+DR Congo's largest export is raw minerals, with China accepting over 50% of exports in 2019
 == Djibouti ==
@@ Line 389: / Line 391: @@
 Misr is the modern Arabic name for Egypt
-Cairo is the largest city in the Middle East and second-largest in Africa after Lagos. Its metropolitan area is the 13th largest in the world
+Cairo is the largest city in the Middle East and second-largest in Africa after Lagos. Its metropolitan area is the 12th largest in the world
 Cairo was the first African city to have an underground railway
@@ Line 433: / Line 435: @@
 Precinct of Amun-Re, located near Luxor, is one of the four main temple enclosures that make up the immense Karnak Temple Complex. The precinct is by far the largest of these and the only one that is open to the general public. The temple complex is dedicated to the principal god of the Theban Triad, Amun, in the form of Amun-Re
-Lighthouse of Alexandria, also known as the Pharos of Alexandria, was a tower built between 280 and 247 BC on the island of Pharos at Alexandria. Its purpose was to guide sailors into the harbour at night time. With a height variously estimated at somewhere in-between 393 and 450 ft (120 and 140 m), it was for many centuries among the tallest manmade structures on Earth
+Lighthouse of Alexandria, also known as the Pharos of Alexandria, was a tower built between 280 and 247 BC on the island of Pharos at Alexandria. With a height variously estimated at somewhere in-between 393 and 450 ft (120 and 140 m), it was for many centuries among the tallest manmade structures on Earth
 Library of Alexandria was the largest and most significant great library of the ancient world. It flourished under the patronage of the Ptolemaic dynasty and functioned as a major centre of scholarship from its construction in the 3rd century BC until the Roman conquest of Egypt in 30 BC
@@ Line 472: / Line 474: @@
 Equatorial Guinea consists of two parts, an insular and a mainland region. The insular region consists of the islands of Bioko (formerly Fernando Po) in the Gulf of Guinea and Annobon. Sao Tome and Principe is located between Bioko and Annobon. The mainland region, Rio Muni, is bordered by Cameroon on the north and Gabon on the south and east. It is the location of Bata, Equatorial Guinea's largest city, and Ciudad de la Paz
 Malabo is located on the northern coast of Bioko Island on the rim of a sunken volcano
@@ Line 526: / Line 530: @@
 The country and its people take their names from King Mswati II
 Lobamba is the royal and legislative capital
@@ Line 613: / Line 615: @@
 Almost all Gabonese are of Bantu origin
 == Gambia ==
@@ Line 632: / Line 636: @@
 Banjul is on St Mary's Island, where the Gambia River enters the Atlantic Ocean
 == Ghana ==
@@ Line 658: / Line 658: @@
 Black Star Square, also known as Independence Square, is a public square in Accra. It is the second-largest city square in the world after Tiananmen Square in China
-Kumasi is the capital of Ashanti region of Ghana, and is Ghana’s second largest city
+Kumasi is the capital of Ashanti region of Ghana
 Golden Stool was the royal and divine throne of the Ashanti people
@@ Line 671: / Line 671: @@
 The main parts of the River Volta are the Black Volta, the White Volta, and the Red Volta
 Akosombo Dam is a hydroelectric dam on the Volta River in southeastern Ghana. The construction of the dam flooded part of the Volta River Basin, and led to the subsequent creation of Lake Volta. Lake Volta is the largest man-made lake in the world by surface area

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:10, 7 May 2022
Line 1,781:		Line 1,781:

	Saint-Denis is the capital of Reunion		Saint-Denis is the capital of Reunion
		+
		+	=== British Indian Ocean Territory ===
		+	The British Indian Ocean Territory (BIOT) is situated in the Indian Ocean, halfway between Africa and Indonesia. The territory comprises the six atolls of the Chagos Archipelago with over 1,000 individual islands. The largest island is Diego Garcia. Great Chagos Bank is the largest atoll in the world
		+
		+	The sovereignty of the Chagos Archipelago is disputed between the UK and Mauritius

	== Physical Geography ==		== Physical Geography ==

@@ Line 1,733: / Line 1,733: @@
 Jamestown is the capital and only port on St Helena
 Ascension Island is 3,730 km to the north of Tristan da Cunha
@@ Line 1,754: / Line 1,756: @@
 Mamoudzou is the capital of Mayotte
 === Reunion ===
@@ Line 1,788: / Line 1,792: @@
 Mascarene Islands is a group of islands in the Indian Ocean east of Madagascar consisting of Mauritius, Reunion and Rodrigues
 <u>Rivers</u>
@@ Line 1,804: / Line 1,814: @@
 Congo River passes through the equator twice. The sources of the Congo are in the Albertine Rift Mountains
 Senegal River is a 1,790 km long river that forms the border between Senegal and Mauritania
@@ Line 1,809: / Line 1,821: @@
 Zambesi River is the longest east flowing river in Africa and the largest flowing into the Indian Ocean from Africa. It empties into the Indian Ocean in Mozambique. The Zambezi's most noted feature is Victoria Falls
-Limpopo River is the second largest river in Africa that drains to the Indian Ocean, after the Zambezi River. Serves as a border separating South Africa to the southeast from Botswana to the northwest and Zimbabwe to the north
+Limpopo River is the second largest river in Africa that drains to the Indian Ocean, afte
 Gambia River runs from north Guinea westward through Senegal and The Gambia to the Atlantic Ocean at the city of Banjul
 River Niger enters the Gulf of Guinea, near Port Harcourt
 <u>Waterfalls</u>
@@ Line 1,833: / Line 1,851: @@
 Lake Victoria lies just south of the equator. Lake Victoria is Africa’s largest lake, and the largest tropical lake in the world, and is Earth's second largest freshwater lake – only North America's Lake Superior is larger
-Lake Tanganyika is the second deepest in the world, after Lake Baikal. It is also the world's longest freshwater lake
+Migingo Island in Lake Victoria was the center of a territorial dispute between Kenya and Uganda and is extremely densely populated
 Lake Malawi is an African Great Lake and the southernmost lake in the East African Rift system. This lake, the eighth largest lake in the world, is located between Malawi, Mozambique, and Tanzania
@@ Line 1,842: / Line 1,862: @@
 Lake Albert is located on the border between Uganda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Lake Albert is the northernmost of the chain of lakes in the Great Rift Valley and Africa’s seventh largest lake
 Lake Kariba is the world's largest man-made lake and reservoir by volume. It lies 1300 km upstream from the Indian Ocean, along the border between Zambia and Zimbabwe
@@ Line 1,847: / Line 1,869: @@
 Lake Chad is an endorheic lake. It provides water to more than 68 million people living in the four countries surrounding it (Chad, Cameroon, Niger, and Nigeria) on the edge of the Sahara Desert
-Lake Kivu lies on the border between the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Rwanda, and is in the Albertine Rift, the western branch of the East African Rift. Lake Kivu empties into the Ruzizi River, which flows southwards into Lake Tanganyika
+Lake Kivu lies on the border between the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Rwanda, and is in the Albertine Rift, the western branch of the East African Rift. Lake Kivu empties into the Ruzizi River, which flows southwards into Lake Tanganyika. It contains large quantities of carbon dioxide and methane
 <u>Seas</u>
@@ Line 1,858: / Line 1,880: @@
 Red Sea is connected to the Indian Ocean through the Bab el Mandeb strait and the Gulf of Aden. In the north, there is the Sinai Peninsula, the Gulf of Aqaba, and the Gulf of Suez (leading to the Suez Canal
 <u>Mountains</u>

@@ Line 1,712: / Line 1,712: @@
 === Somalialand ===
 Somalialand is a self-declared independent state that is internationally recognized as an autonomous region of Somalia. In 1991, the people of Somaliland declared independence from Somalia. Somaliland lies in northwestern Somalia, on the southern coast of the Gulf of Aden. Hargeisa is the capital city
@@ Line 1,717: / Line 1,718: @@
 === Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR) ===
 A partially recognized state that controls a thin strip of area in the Western Sahara region and claims sovereignty over the entire territory of Western Sahara, a former Spanish colony. Morocco controls and administers the rest of the disputed territory
 == Overseas territories ==