Civilisation/World Geography - South America - Revision history

QRNeditor: Brought up to date

2023-07-14T12:27:21Z

Brought up to date

QRNeditor: Brought up to date

2023-07-14T12:20:37Z

Brought up to date

Show changes

QRNeditor: Brought up to date

2023-07-13T17:34:12Z

Brought up to date

QRNeditor: Brought up to date

2023-07-13T17:01:23Z

Brought up to date

QRNeditor: Port Stanley - added city status

2022-05-27T19:45:05Z

Port Stanley - added city status

QRNeditor: Added content

2022-05-05T19:32:57Z

Added content

QRNeditor: Added content

2022-05-05T14:41:19Z

Added content

QRNeditor: Added content

2022-05-05T14:14:51Z

Added content

Show changes

QRNeditor: Added map of South America

2021-06-25T17:58:01Z

Added map of South America

QRNeditor: Added flags and information tables

2021-06-22T13:25:44Z

Added flags and information tables

@@ Line 281: / Line 281: @@
 Cartagena is a major port. It is named after the city of Cartagena in Spain
-Punta Gallinas is the northernmost point in mainland South America WikiMiniAtlas
+Punta Gallinas is the northernmost point in mainland South America
 Nevado del Ruiz is a stratovolcano. Eruptions often cause massive lahars

@@ Line 17: / Line 17: @@
 |Aconcagua
 |}
-Argentina is the eighth-largest country in the world, the second-largest country in Latin America, and the largest Spanish-speaking one. The country has its roots in Spanish colonization of the region beginning in 1512. Argentina rose as the successor state of the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata, a Spanish overseas colony founded in 1776
+Argentina is the eighth-largest country in the world, the second-largest country in Latin America, and the largest Spanish-speaking one. The country has its roots in Spanish colonisation of the region beginning in 1512. Argentina rose as the successor state of the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata, a Spanish overseas colony founded in 1776
 Buenos Aires is served by Ministro Pistarini International Airport
@@ Line 121: / Line 121: @@
 The name of Brazil is shortened from Terra do Brasil "land of brazilwood"
 Largest states by area – Amazonas, Para, Mato Grosso
@@ Line 152: / Line 153: @@
 Brasilia is laid out in the form of an airplane
-The Cathedral of Brasília in the capital of the Federative Republic of Brazil is an expression of the architect Oscar Niemeyer. This concrete-framed hyperboloid structure, seems with its glass roof to be reaching up, open, to heaven
+The Cathedral of Brasilia is an expression of the architect Oscar Niemeyer. This concrete-framed hyperboloid structure, seems with its glass roof to be reaching up, open, to heaven
-The Juscelino Kubitschek Bridge, also known as the JK Bridge, crosses Lake Paranoá in Brasília. It is named for Juscelino Kubitschek de Oliveira, former president of Brazil. It was designed by architect Alexandre Chan and structural engineer Mário Vila Verde. Chan won the Gustav Lindenthal Medal for this project
+The Juscelino Kubitschek Bridge, also known as the JK Bridge, crosses Lake Paranoa in Brasília. It is named for Juscelino Kubitschek de Oliveira, former president of Brazil. It was designed by architect Alexandre Chan
-Sao Paulo is the largest city in Southern hemisphere and in Latin America. The name of the city honours Saint Paul of Tarsus
+Sao Paulo is the largest city in the southern hemisphere and in Latin America. The name of the city honours Saint Paul of Tarsus
 Salvador is the capital of the state of Bahia. Until 1763, Salvador was the capital of Brazil
@@ Line 162: / Line 163: @@
 Belo Horizonte was the second planned city in Brazil, after Teresina
-Santos is a coffee-exporting port
+Santos is a coffee-exporting port and is the busiest container port in Latin America
 Manaus is the largest city along the Amazon River. It is the capital of the state of Amazonas
@@ Line 191: / Line 192: @@
 Sao Francisco is the longest river entirely in Brazil
 Brazil has the largest Arabic diaspora
@@ Line 215: / Line 218: @@
 Santiago was founded by conquistadors in 1541
-Gran Torre Santiago is a 64-story tall skyscraper in Santiago. It is the tallest building in Latin America
+Gran Torre Santiago is a 64-story tall skyscraper in Santiago. It is the tallest building in Latin America and the second tallest building in Latin America (behind Mexico's T.Op Torre 1)
 Chilean territory includes the Pacific islands of Juan Fernandez, Salas y Gomez, Desventuradas, and Easter Island in Oceania
-The Mapocho River flows from the Andes Mountains onto the west and divides Chile's capital Santiago in two
+Mapocho River flows from the Andes Mountains and divides Santiago in two
 Chile is world’s largest exporter of copper
@@ Line 225: / Line 230: @@
 miners were rescued from the San Jose copper–gold mine north of Copiaco in 2010
-Casablanca valley is in Chile
+Loa is the longest river in Chile and the main watercourse in the Atacama Desert
-Loa is the longest river in Chile
+Punta Arenas (English: ‘Sandy Point’) is the capital city of Chile's southernmost region, Magallanes and Antarctica Chilena
-Punta Arenas (English: ‘Sandy Point’) is the capital city of Chile's southernmost region, Magallanes and Antartica Chilena
+Antofagasta is a port city in northern Chile. It was part of Bolivia but was captured by Chile in 1879, triggering the War of the Pacific
-Puyehue and Cordon Caulle are two coalesced volcanic edifices that form a major mountain massif in Puyehue National Park in the Andes of Ranco Province, Chile. Erupted in 2011
+Puyehue and Cordon Caulle are two coalesced volcanic edifices that form a major mountain massif in Puyehue National Park in the Andes of Ranco Province. Erupted in 2011
 Nevado Ojos del Salado is a massive stratovolcano in the Andes on the Argentina-Chile border and the highest volcano in the world at 6893 metres. It is also the second highest mountain in the Western Hemisphere and Southern Hemisphere and the highest in Chile
@@ Line 239: / Line 244: @@
 Torres del Paine National Park is in Patagonia
-Cape Froward in Chile is the southernmost point in mainland South America
+Cape Froward is the southernmost point in mainland South America
 Diego Ramirez Islands are a small group of subantarctic islands. Most southerly point of South America
-Juan Fernandez Islands are composed of three main volcanic islands: Robinson Crusoe, Alejandro Selkirk and Santa Clara. named after Juan Fernandez, the explorer who discovered them in the 1570s
+Juan Fernandez Islands are composed of three main volcanic islands: Robinson Crusoe, Alejandro Selkirk and Santa Clara. The islands are named after Juan Fernandez, the explorer who discovered them in the 1570s
 Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego is an island near the southern tip of South America from which it is separated by the Strait of Magellan. The western portion of the island is in Chile, while the eastern portion is in Argentina
-Cape Horn is the southernmost headland of the Tierra del Fuego archipelago of southern Chile, and is located on the small Hornos Island. named after the city of Hoorn in the Netherlands
+Cape Horn is the southernmost headland of the Tierra del Fuego archipelago of southern Chile, and is located on the small Hornos Island. It is named after the city of Hoorn in the Netherlands
 == Colombia ==
@@ Line 266: / Line 271: @@
 Note: Pico Simon Bolivar has almost the same elevation as Pico Cristobal Colon
-Colombia is derived from the last name of Christopher Columbus
+Colombia derives its name from the last name of Christopher Columbus
-Bogota has been called "The Athens of South America”
+Bogota has been called the ‘Athens of South America’
 El Dorado International Airport serves Bogota
@@ Line 274: / Line 279: @@
 Gold Museum (Spanish: El Museo del Oro) in Bogota displays the largest pre-Hispanic gold work collection in the world
-Cartagena is a major port. Named after Cartagena, Spain
+Cartagena is a major port. It is named after the city of Cartagena in Spain
-Punta Gallinas in Colombia is the northernmost point in mainland South America
+Nevado del Ruiz is a stratovolcano. Eruptions often cause massive lahars
-Nevado del Ruiz is a stratovolcano in Colombia. Eruptions often cause massive lahars
+Galeras is considered the most active volcano in Colombia
 Pico Cristobal Colon is named after Christopher Columbus
@@ Line 284: / Line 291: @@
 Magdalena river is the principal river of Colombia
-Chiribiquete National Natural Park is the largest natural park in Colombia and the largest tropical rainforest national park in the world
+Chiribiquete National Natural Park is the largest natural park and the largest tropical rainforest national park in the world
 == Ecuador ==

@@ Line 17: / Line 17: @@
 |Aconcagua
 |}
-Argentina is the eighth-largest country in the world, the second-largest in Latin America, and the largest Spanish-speaking one. The country has its roots in Spanish colonization of the region beginning in 1512. Argentina rose as the successor state of the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata. a Spanish overseas colony founded in 1776
+Argentina is the eighth-largest country in the world, the second-largest country in Latin America, and the largest Spanish-speaking one. The country has its roots in Spanish colonization of the region beginning in 1512. Argentina rose as the successor state of the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata, a Spanish overseas colony founded in 1776
 Buenos Aires is served by Ministro Pistarini International Airport
@@ Line 29: / Line 29: @@
 Teatro Colon is an opera house in Buenos Aries
-July 9 Avenue in Buenos Aires honours Argentina's Independence Day, July 9, 1816
+July 9 Avenue in Buenos Aires honours Argentina's Independence Day, 9 July 1816
 Inhabitants of Buenos Aires are known as portenos
 Plaza de Mayo is a city square in Buenos Aires
 Ushuaia in Tierra del Fuego is the most southerly city in the world
@@ Line 42: / Line 46: @@
 Mendoza produces 70% of the wine from Argentina
 A villa miseria is a type of shanty town or slum found in Argentina
 Laguna del Carbon (Spanish: Coal Lagoon) is an endorheic salt lake in Argentina. At 105 metres (344 ft) below sea level, it is the lowest point of both the Western and Southern hemispheres
-Straits of Magellan are between Argentina and Tierra del Fuego
+Straits of Magellan lie between Argentina and Tierra del Fuego
 == Bolivia ==
@@ Line 67: / Line 75: @@
 Bolivia is named after Simon Bolívar
 Bolivia became a landlocked country after Chile seized the province of Litoral in the War of the Pacific in 1884. Bolivia is the largest landlocked country in the Southern Hemisphere
@@ Line 78: / Line 88: @@
 Mi Teleferico is an aerial cable car urban transit system serving the La Paz–El Alto metropolitan area
-Potosi was the major supply of silver for Spain during the period of the New World Spanish Empire
+Potosi was the major supplier of silver for Spain during the period of the New World Spanish Empire
 The US Geological Service estimates that Bolivia has 5.4 million cubic tonnes of lithium which represents 50% – 70% of world reserves
@@ Line 86: / Line 96: @@
 Tiwanaku is an important Pre-Columbian archaeological site in western Bolivia. Tiwanaku is recognized by Andean scholars as one of the most important precursors to the Inca Empire
-Lake Poopo is a dried-up saline lake in Bolivia
+Lake Poopo is a dried-up saline lake
 Sajama Lines are a network of thousands of geoglyphs
@@ Line 108: / Line 118: @@
 |Pico da Neblina
 |}
-Brazil is the world's fifth largest country, both by geographical area and by population. It is the largest Portuguese-speaking country in the world. It borders all other South American countries except Ecuador and Chile and occupies 47% of the continent of South America. The country's economy is the seventh largest by GDP. Brazil has been the world's largest producer of coffee for the last 150 years
+Brazil is the world's fifth largest country by area and the seventh largest by population. It is the largest Portuguese-speaking country in the world. It borders all other South American countries except Ecuador and Chile and occupies 47% of the continent of South America. The country's economy is the seventh largest by GDP. Brazil has been the world's largest producer of coffee for the last 150 years
 The name of Brazil is shortened from Terra do Brasil "land of brazilwood"

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-[[File:Map of South America.png|none|thumb]]
+[[File:Map of South America.png|none|thumb|alt=|487x487px]]
 == Argentina ==
@@ Line 502: / Line 502: @@
 The archipelago consists of two main islands, West Falkland and East Falkland, and 776 smaller islands
-Port Stanley is the capital of the Falkland Islands. It is located on the island of East Falkland. It was renamed Puerto Argentino, briefly, during the Falklands War of 1982
+Stanley, or Port Stanley, is the capital of the Falkland Islands. It is located on the island of East Falkland. It was renamed Puerto Argentino, briefly, during the Falklands War of 1982
 Mount Usborne is the highest point on Falkland Islands

@@ Line 519: / Line 519: @@
 Mount Asphyxia forms the summit of Zavodovski Island, northernmost of the South Sandwich Islands
-<u><br />Various</u>
+== Physical Geography ==
-World’s most powerful hydroelectric dam – Itaipu, on the border of Brazil and Paraguay, on the Rio Parana, the second longest river in South America. Gravity dam, completed in 1982
+Gran Chaco is a sparsely populated, hot and semi-arid lowland region of the Río de la Plata basin, divided among eastern Bolivia, Paraguay, northern Argentina and a portion of the Brazilian states of Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul, where it is connected with the Pantanal region
-Lake Titicaca is the highest commercially navigable lake in the world, at 3,812 m above sea level. Located in the Altiplano high in the Andes on the border of Peru and Bolivia, Titicaca has a maximum depth of 281 m. The western part of the lake belongs to the Puno Region of Peru, and the eastern side is located in the Bolivian La Paz Department
+Llanos is a tropical grassland plain situated to the east of the Andes in Colombia and Venezuela
-Iguazu Falls are located on the border of the Brazilian state of Parana and the Argentine province of Misiones. The falls divide the river into the upper and lower Iguazu. The waterfall system consists of 275 falls, including The Devil’s Throat
+Mount Roraima includes the triple border point of Venezuela, Brazil and Guyana
-Gran Chaco – a sparsely populated, hot and semi-arid lowland region of the Río de la Plata basin, divided among eastern Bolivia, Paraguay, northern Argentina and a portion of the Brazilian states of Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul, where it is connected with the Pantanal region
+Highest mountains in South America – Aconcagua, Ojos del Salado, Monte Pissis
-Tres Frontera – Brazil, Peru and Columbia. Upper Amazon
+<u>Rivers</u>
 Amazon River is the largest river by discharge of water in the world. The Amazon basin is the largest drainage basin in the world. Flows for 4,000 miles through Brazil, Colombia and Peru
 Javary River is a tributary of the Amazon that forms the boundary between Brazil and Peru for more than 500 miles
@@ Line 539: / Line 556: @@
 In its upper stretches, above the confluence of the Rio Negro, the Amazon is called Solimoes in Brazil
-Madeira River is one of the biggest tributaries of the Amazon, and flows through Brazil and Bolivia
+Parana River runs through Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina
-Parana River runs through Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina
+Itaipu is the world’s most powerful hydroelectric dam, and lies on the border of Brazil and Paraguay, on the Rio Parana. Gravity dam, completed in 1982
 Longest rivers in South America – Amazon, Parana, Madeira, Purus, Sao Francisco
-Parinacota, a composite volcano, is located on the Chilean / Bolivian frontier and is one of two volcanoes that make up the Nevados Payachata range. The other older volcano, Pomerape, is located to the northeast of Parinacota and makes up the northern part of this volcanic range
+<u>Lakes</u>
-Highest mountains in South America – Aconcagua, Ojos del Salado, Monte Pissis
+<u>Seas</u>
 Drake Passage is the body of water between the southern tip of South America at Cape Horn, Chile and the South Shetland Islands of Antarctica
@@ Line 557: / Line 574: @@
 Beagle Channel is a strait separating islands of the Tierra del Fuego Archipelago. The Beagle Channel, the Straits of Magellan to the north, and the open ocean Drake Passage to the south are the three navigable passages around South America between the Pacific and the Atlantic oceans. Most commercial shipping is through the Drake Passage
-Atlantic Forest extends along the Atlantic coast of Brazil and inland as far as Paraguay and Argentina. It was the first environment that the Portuguese colonists encountered over 500 years ago

@@ Line 391: / Line 391: @@
 Lima airport named after Jorge Chavez, the first person to fly across the Alps
-Cuzco is a city in southeastern Peru, near the Urubamba Valley (Sacred Valley) of the Andes. Cuzco was the capital of Inca Empire
+Cuzco is a city in southeastern Peru, near the Urubamba Valley (Sacred Valley) of the Andes. Cuzco was the capital of Inca Empire. Cuzco is said to have been originally designed in the shape of a puma
-Cuzco is said to have been originally designed in the shape of a jaguar
+Machu Picchu is situated on a mountain ridge above the Sacred Valley which is 80 km northwest of Cuzco and through which the Urubamba River flows. Most archaeologists believe that Machu Picchu was built as an estate for the Inca emperor Pachacuti (1438–1472). Often mistakenly referred to as the "Lost City of the Incas”. Hiram Bingham made public the existence of the Inca citadel of Machu Picchu in 1911 with the guidance of local indigenous farmers
 Arequipa is known as the “white city”. It is the second most industrialized and commercial city of Peru
@@ Line 405: / Line 403: @@
 Yumbilla Falls is considered the world's fifth tallest waterfall
-Huascaran is the highest mountain in Peru
+Huaynaputina is a volcano that erupted in Peru in 1600, which is the largest eruption ever recorded in South America
 Callao is the chief seaport of Peru
@@ Line 450: / Line 448: @@
 Uruguay is geographically the second-smallest nation in South America after Suriname
-Uruguay is home to 3.3 million people, of whom 1.8 million live in the metropolitan area of its capital and largest city, Montevideo
+Uruguay is home to 3.5 million people, of whom 1.8 million live in the metropolitan area of its capital and largest city, Montevideo
 Montevideo was first found by Juan Diaz De Solis in 1516
 Montevideo is served by Carrasco International Airport
 == Venezuela ==
@@ Line 472: / Line 472: @@
 |Pico Bolivar
 |}
 Venezuela has the world's largest oil reserves
@@ Line 478: / Line 480: @@
 River Orinoco flows through Venezuela
-Lake Maracaibo is the largest lake in South America
+Lake Maracaibo is the largest lake in South America. Catatumbo lightning (named after the Catatumbo River) regularly produces more lightning than any other place on the planet
 Margarita Island is the largest island in the Venezuelan state of Nueva Esparta, situated in the Caribbean Sea
 Pico Humboldt is the second highest peak in Venezuela
 == Overseas territories ==
@@ Line 496: / Line 500: @@
 The islands took their English name from Falkland Sound, the channel between the two main islands, which was in turn named after Anthony Cary, 5th Viscount Falkland by Captain John Strong, who landed on the islands in 1690
-Mount Pleasant airport serves the Falklands
+The archipelago consists of two main islands, West Falkland and East Falkland, and 776 smaller islands
-Port Stanley was renamed Puerto Argentino, briefly, in 1982
+Port Stanley is the capital of the Falkland Islands. It is located on the island of East Falkland. It was renamed Puerto Argentino, briefly, during the Falklands War of 1982
-Pebble Island is one of the Falkland Islands
+Mount Usborne is the highest point on Falkland Islands
-Mount Usborne – highest point on Falkland Islands
+RAF Mount Pleasant airport serves as the islands' main international airport
 === South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands ===
-British overseas territory in the southern Atlantic Ocean
+British overseas territory in the southern Atlantic Ocean. South Georgia is by far the largest island in the territory. The South Sandwich Islands lie about 700 km southeast of South Georgia and are uninhabited
-Grytviken is the principal settlement of South Georgia
+Grytviken is the principal settlement of South Georgia and is the site of a disused whaling station
-King Edward Point is the capital
+King Edward Point is the capital and has a population of 22
 Mount Paget on South Georgia is the highest peak in any territory under the sovereignty of the United Kingdom

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:58, 25 June 2021
Line 1:		Line 1:
		+	[[File:Map of South America.png\|none\|thumb]]

	== Argentina ==		== Argentina ==