Lifestyle/Human body - Revision history

QRNeditor: Moved Cells to Biology

2021-12-27T17:59:33Z

Moved Cells to Biology

QRNeditor: Moved Cells to Biology

2021-12-27T17:56:44Z

Moved Cells to Biology

QRNeditor: Fixed cortisone definition

2021-07-11T17:49:04Z

Fixed cortisone definition

QRNeditor: Added diagrams

2021-07-06T14:10:54Z

Added diagrams

QRNeditor: Formatting edits

2021-05-10T11:35:05Z

Formatting edits

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Admin: Created page with "'''Cardiovascular system''' Blood and blood vessels Albumin – a water-soluble protein found in blood plasma Arteriole – carries blood from arteries to capillaries Bra..."

2021-04-18T18:33:14Z

Created page with "'''Cardiovascular system''' Blood and blood vessels Albumin – a water-soluble protein found in blood plasma Arteriole – carries blood from arteries to capillaries Bra..."

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← Older revision		Revision as of 17:59, 27 December 2021
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	Mucous membranes – linings of mostly endodermal origin, covered in epithelium, which are involved in absorption and secretion		Mucous membranes – linings of mostly endodermal origin, covered in epithelium, which are involved in absorption and secretion
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−	~~== Cells ==~~
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−	~~=== Cell components ===~~
−	~~[[File:0312 Animal Cell and Components.jpg\|none\|thumb]]~~
−	~~Cell membrane – a very thin membrane, composed of lipids and protein that surrounds the cytoplasm of a cell and controls the passage of substances into and out of the cell~~
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−	Cytoplasm – comprises cytosol and the organelles (the cell's internal sub-structures). All of the contents of the cells of prokaryote organisms (such as bacteria, which lack a cell nucleus) are contained within the cytoplasm. Within the cells of eukaryote organisms the contents of the cell nucleus are separated from the cytoplasm, and are then called the nucleoplasm
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−	Cytoskeleton – a cellular ‘scaffolding’ contained within the cytoplasm and is made out of protein. The cytoskeleton is present in all cells. It is a dynamic structure that maintains cell shape. Contains microfilaments and microtubules
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−	Cytosol – the liquid found inside cells. In the eukaryotic cell, the cytosol is within the cell membrane and is part of the cytoplasm, which also comprises the mitochondria, plastids, and other organelles (but not their internal fluids and structures); the cell nucleus is separate. In prokaryotes, most of the chemical reactions of metabolism take place in the cytosol
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−	~~Ectoplasm – the outer portion of the continuous phase of cytoplasm of a cell~~
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−	Endoplasmic reticulum – a eukaryotic organelle that forms an interconnected network of tubules, vesicles, and cisternae within cells. Rough endoplasmic reticulums synthesize proteins, while smooth endoplasmic reticulums synthesize lipids and steroids, metabolize carbohydrates and steroids, and regulate calcium concentration, drug detoxification, and attachment of receptors on cell membrane proteins
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−	Golgi apparatus – primary function is to process and package macromolecules, such as proteins and lipids, after their synthesis and before they make their way to their destination; it is particularly important in the processing of proteins for secretion. Cisterna is a flattened membrane disk that makes up the Golgi apparatus
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−	~~Lysosome – an organelle in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells containing degradative enzymes enclosed in a membrane~~
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−	Mitochondria – sometimes described as ‘cellular power plants’ because they generate most of the cell's supply of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), used as a source of chemical energy. Mitochondria have their own DNA, mtDNA, which can be used for tracing ancestors. The inner mitochondrial membrane is compartmentalized into numerous cristae
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−	~~Nucleus – contains most of the cell's genetic material~~
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−	~~Nucleolus – (also called nucleole) is a non-membrane bound structure composed of proteins and nucleic acids found within the nucleus. Ribosomal RNA are transcribed and assembled within the nucleolus~~
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−	~~Organelle – a differentiated structure within a cell that performs a specific function, and is usually separately enclosed within its own lipid bylayer~~
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−	~~Ribosome – a minute round particle composed of RNA and protein that is found in the cytoplasm of living cells and serves as the site of protein manufacture within cells~~

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:56, 27 December 2021
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	== Cells ==		== Cells ==
−	~~Exocytosis – the process by which a cell directs the contents of secretory vesicles out of the cell membrane and into the extracellular space~~
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−	~~Lysis – the destruction of cells by a lysine which disrupts the cell membrane~~
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−	~~Lysozyme – an antibacterial enzyme occurring in body fluids and secretions that has the ability to dissolve, or lyse, the structure of certain bacteria~~
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−	Mast cell – (also known as mastocyte) is a resident cell of several types of tissues and contains many granules rich in histamine and heparin. Although best known for their role in allergy and anaphylaxis, mast cells play an important protective role as well, being intimately involved in wound healing and defense against pathogens
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−	~~Pluripotent – a stem cell that has the potential to differentiate into any of the three germ layers~~
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−	~~Protein – any of a large group of nitrogenous organic compounds that are essential constituents of living cells~~
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−	Stem cell – an unspecialized cell that gives rise to a specific specialized cell, such as a blood cell. Stem cells can be extracted from human embryos that have been discarded during fertility treatments. There are two types: embryonic stem cells, which are isolated from the inner cell mass of blastocysts; and adult stem cells, which are found in various tissues
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−	~~Tissue – part of an organism consisting of an aggregate of cells having a similar structure and function~~
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−	~~Transport – transfer of materials through the cell membrane occurs by one of three processes – diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and active transport~~

	=== Cell components ===		=== Cell components ===

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 Corpus luteum – involved in production of progesterone
-Cortisone – steroid hormone released by the adrenal gland. Cortisone suppresses the immune system, thus reducing inflammation
+Cortisone – a naturally occurring corticosteroid that can be converted to cortisol. Cortisone suppresses the immune system, thus reducing inflammation
 Corticosteroids – a class of steroid hormones that are produced in the adrenal cortex. Corticosteroids are involved in a wide range of physiologic systems such as stress response, immune response and regulation of inflammation, carbohydrate metabolism, protein catabolism, blood electrolyte levels, and behaviour

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 === Heart ===
 Aortic arch – the curved portion of the aorta (the large blood vessel that carries oxygen-rich blood away from the heart to the body)
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 == Respiratory system ==
 Bronchus – a passage of airway in the respiratory tract that conducts air into the lungs. Bronchi branch into smaller tubes, known as bronchioles
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 == Digestive system ==
 Appendix – a blind-ended tube connected to the cecum
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 === Bones ===
 The majority of bone is made of the bone matrix. It has inorganic and organic parts. The inorganic composition of bone (bone mineral) is formed from carbonated hydroxyapatite. The organic part of matrix is mainly composed of Type I collagen. There are five types of bones in the human body: long, short, flat, irregular and sesamoid. Longest bones – femur, tibia, fibula, humerus, ulna, radius. Human has 206 bones.
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 === Brain ===
 Amygdalae – almond-shaped groups of nuclei located deep within the medial temporal lobes of the brain in complex vertebrates, including humans. Shown in research to perform a primary role in the processing of memory and emotional reactions
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 ==== Eye ====
 Accommodation – the process by which the vertebrate eye changes optical power to maintain a clear image or focus on an object as its distance varies
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 ==== Ear ====
 Auricle – visible part of the ear. Also known as the pinna
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 === Cell components ===
 Cell membrane – a very thin membrane, composed of lipids and protein that surrounds the cytoplasm of a cell and controls the passage of substances into and out of the cell