Physical World/Fish - Revision history

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Admin: Created page with "{| class="wikitable" | |'''Hammerhead shark''' family Sphyrnidae So named for the unusual and distinctive structure of their heads, which are flattened and laterally exte..."

2021-04-18T21:58:13Z

Created page with "{| class="wikitable" | |'''Hammerhead shark''' family Sphyrnidae So named for the unusual and distinctive structure of their heads, which are flattened and laterally exte..."

New page

{| class="wikitable"
|
|'''Hammerhead shark'''

family Sphyrnidae

So named for the unusual and distinctive structure of their heads, which are flattened and laterally extended into a hammer shape called a cephalofoil. The positioning of the eyes, mounted on the sides of the shark's distinctive hammer head give the shark good 360-degree vision in the vertical plane
|-
|
|'''Wobbegong'''

family Orectolobidae

12 species of carpet sharks

Wobbegongs spend much of their time resting on the sea floor. They are well camouflaged with a symmetrical pattern of bold markings which resembles a carpet
|-
|
|'''Whale shark'''

''Rhincodon typus''

A slow-moving filter feeding shark and the largest known extant fish species

Their skin is marked with pale yellow spots and stripes which are unique to each individual
|-
|
|'''Basking shark'''

''Cetorhinus maximus''

The second largest fish, after the whale shark. It is found in all the world's temperate oceans, and is a slow moving and generally harmless filter feeder. Known for its greatly enlarged mouth
|-
|
|'''Thresher shark'''

genus ''Alopias''

Named for and easily recognised by its exceptionally long, thresher-like tail or caudal fins which it lashes to stun prey
|-
|
|'''Stingray'''

suborder Myliobatoidei

Most stingrays have one or more barbed stingers on the tail, which are used exclusively in self-defence. Fatal stings are very rare, but can happen, most famously in the death of Steve Irwin in 2006
|-
|
|'''Manta ray'''

genus ''Manta''

Manta ray is the largest of the rays and has the largest brain of any fish. It is in the family of eagle rays. Giant oceanic manta ray (pictured) can grow to a width of 7 m
|-
|
|'''Moray eel'''

family Muraenidae

Moray eels are the only animals that use pharyngeal jaws (a second set of jaws) to actively capture and restrain prey. Most species lack pectoral and pelvic fins
|-
|
|'''Electric eel'''

''Electrophorus electricus''

Capable of generating powerful electric shocks of up to 600 volts. Despite its name, it is not an eel, but rather a knifefish
|-
|
|'''Giant oarfish'''

''Regalecus glesne''

Also called the king of herrings, it is the world's longest bony fish. Its shape is ribbon-like, narrow laterally, with a dorsal fin along its entire length
|-
|
|'''Ocean sunfish'''

''Mola mola''

The world's heaviest bony fish, it can weigh up to 1000 kg. Sunfish can be as tall as they are long when their dorsal and ventral fins are extended
|-
|
|'''Sailfish'''

genus ''Istiophorus''

Sailfishes have a characteristic sail (dorsal fin) on top, which often stretches the entire length of the back. Another notable characteristic is the elongated bill, resembling that of a swordfish. Individuals have been clocked at speeds of up to 68 mph, making them the fastest fish in the ocean
|-
|
|'''Swordfish'''

''Xiphias gladius''

Contrary to popular belief, the "sword" is not used to spear, but instead may be used to slash at its prey to injure the prey animal, to make for an easier catch. Mainly, the swordfish relies on its great speed and agility in the water to catch its prey
|-
|
|'''Barracuda'''

genus ''Sphyraena''

Known for its large size and fearsome appearance. Barracudas are snake-like in appearance, with prominent, sharp-edged, fang-like teeth. Known as the "tiger of the sea"
|-
|
|'''Grouper'''

subfamily Epinephelinae

Groupers are teleosts, typically having a stout body and a large mouth. They are mostly protogynous hermaphrodites, i.e. they mature only as females and have the ability to change sex after sexual maturity
|-
|
|'''Tarpon'''

genus ''Megalops''

One of the great saltwater game fishes. They are prized not only because of their great size, but also because of the fight they put up and their spectacular leaping ability
|-
|
|'''Anglerfish'''

order Lophiiformes

They are bony fishes named for their characteristic mode of predation, in which a fleshy growth from the fish's head (the esca or illicium) acts as a lure. Some deep-sea anglerfish emit light from their escae to attract prey
|-
|
|'''Archerfish'''

Family Toxotidae

Known for their habit of preying on land-based insects and other small animals by shooting them down with water droplets from their specialized mouths
|-
|
|'''Pufferfish'''

Family Tetraodontidae

Generally believed to be the second-most poisonous vertebrates in the world, after the golden poison frog. The meat of some species is considered a delicacy in Japan (as fugu)

Pufferfish can fill its extremely elastic stomach with water until it is much larger and almost spherical in shape
|-
|
|'''Ocellaris clownfish'''

''Amphiprion ocellaris''

Also known as the common clownfish. In the wild, they all form symbiotic mutualisms with sea anemones

The main character in ''Finding Nemo'' is an ''A.'' ''ocellaris''
|-
|
|'''Candiru'''

''Vandellia cirrhosa''

Also known as the toothpick fish. a species of parasitic freshwater catfish native to the Amazon Basin

It is attracted to blood and urine, and will (rarely) enter the body by swimming up the penis. It can only be removed by surgery
|-
|
|'''Coelacanth'''

genus ''Latimeria''

Coelacanths were thought to have gone extinct in the Late Cretaceous, around 66 million years ago, but were rediscovered in 1938 off the coast of South Africa

Two species – West Indian Ocean coelacanth, and Indonesian coelacanth
|-
|
|'''Seahorse'''

genus ''Hippocampus'' (from Greek for "horse" and "sea monster")

Fertilised eggs grow in the male’s brood pouch

Seahorses rise by expelling water from a swim bladder
|-
|
|'''Lamprey'''

order Petromyzontiformes

Jawless fish also known as lamprey eels

The adult is characterised by a toothed, funnel-like sucking mouth. Lampreys are well known for those species which bore into the flesh of other fish to suck their blood
|-
|
|'''Lungfish'''

subclass Dipnoi

Also known as salamanderfish

Freshwater fish. Lungfish have the ability to breathe air. All lungfish have two lungs, with the exception of the Australian lungfish, which only has one
|-
|
|'''Hagfish'''

class Myxini

Eel-shaped, slime-producing marine fish (also called slime eels). They are the only known living animals that have a skull but no vertebral column. Along with lampreys, hagfish are jawless
|}

@@ Line 64: / Line 64: @@
 Most  stingrays have one or more barbed stingers on the tail, which are used  exclusively in self-defence. Fatal stings are very rare, but can happen, most  famously in the death of Steve Irwin in 2006
 |-
-|[[File:Manta Ray.jpg|none|thumb]]
+|[[File:Giant oceanic manta ray.jpg|none|thumb]]
 |'''Manta ray'''
@@ Line 82: / Line 82: @@
 Moray eels are the only  animals that use pharyngeal jaws (a second set of jaws) to actively capture  and restrain prey. Most  species lack pectoral and pelvic fins
 |-
+|[[File:Electric eel.jpg|none|thumb]]
 |'''Electric eel'''
@@ Line 91: / Line 91: @@
 Capable of generating powerful electric shocks of  up to 600 volts. Despite its name, it is not an eel, but rather a knifefish
 |-
+|[[File:Oarfish.jpg|none|thumb]]
 |'''Giant oarfish'''
@@ Line 100: / Line 100: @@
 Also called  the king of herrings, it is  the world's longest bony fish. Its shape is ribbon-like, narrow laterally,  with a dorsal fin along its entire length
 |-
+|[[File:Ocean sunfish.jpg|none|thumb]]
 |'''Ocean sunfish'''
@@ Line 109: / Line 109: @@
 The world's  heaviest bony fish, it can weigh up to 1000 kg. Sunfish can be as tall as  they are long when their dorsal and ventral fins are extended
 |-
+|[[File:Sailfish.jpg|none|thumb]]
 |'''Sailfish'''
@@ Line 119: / Line 119: @@
 Sailfishes have a  characteristic sail (dorsal fin) on top, which often stretches the entire  length of the back. Another notable characteristic is the elongated bill,  resembling that of a swordfish. Individuals have been clocked at speeds of up  to 68 mph, making them the fastest fish in the ocean
 |-
+|[[File:Swordfish.jpg|none|thumb]]
 |'''Swordfish'''
@@ Line 129: / Line 129: @@
 Contrary to  popular belief, the "sword" is not used to spear, but instead may  be used to slash at its prey to injure the prey animal, to make for an easier  catch. Mainly, the swordfish relies on its great speed and agility in the  water to catch its prey
 |-
+|[[File:Barracuda.jpg|none|thumb]]
 |'''Barracuda'''
@@ Line 139: / Line 139: @@
 Known for its  large size and fearsome appearance. Barracudas are snake-like in appearance,  with prominent, sharp-edged, fang-like teeth. Known as the "tiger of the  sea"
 |-
+|[[File:Grouper.jpg|none|thumb]]
 |'''Grouper'''
@@ Line 148: / Line 148: @@
 Groupers are teleosts,  typically having a stout body and a large mouth. They are mostly protogynous  hermaphrodites, i.e. they mature only as females and have the ability to  change sex after sexual maturity
 |-
+|[[File:Tarpon.jpg|none|thumb]]
 |'''Tarpon'''
@@ Line 158: / Line 158: @@
 One of the  great saltwater game fishes. They are prized not only because of their great  size, but also because of the fight they put up and their spectacular leaping  ability
 |-
+|[[File:Angler fish.jpg|none|thumb]]
 |'''Anglerfish'''
@@ Line 167: / Line 167: @@
 They are bony  fishes named for their characteristic mode of predation, in which a fleshy  growth from the fish's head (the esca  or illicium) acts as a lure. Some deep-sea anglerfish emit  light from their escae to attract prey
 |-
+|[[File:Archer fish.jpg|none|thumb]]
 |'''Archerfish'''
@@ Line 176: / Line 176: @@
 Known for  their habit of preying on land-based insects and other small animals by  shooting them down with water droplets from their specialized mouths
 |-
+|[[File:Puffer fish.jpg|none|thumb]]
 |'''Pufferfish'''
@@ Line 189: / Line 189: @@
 Pufferfish can fill its extremely elastic stomach with  water until it is much larger and almost spherical in shape
 |-
+|[[File:Clownfish.jpg|none|thumb]]
 |'''Ocellaris  clownfish'''
@@ Line 201: / Line 201: @@
 The main character in ''Finding Nemo''  is an ''A.'' ''ocellaris''
 |-
+|[[File:Candiru.jpg|none|thumb]]
 |'''Candiru'''
@@ Line 211: / Line 211: @@
 It is attracted to blood and urine, and  will (rarely) enter the body by swimming up the penis. It can only be removed  by surgery
 |-
+|[[File:Coelacanth.jpg|none|thumb]]
 |'''Coelacanth'''
@@ Line 222: / Line 222: @@
 Two species –  West Indian Ocean coelacanth, and Indonesian coelacanth
 |-
+|[[File:Seahorse.jpg|none|thumb]]
 |'''Seahorse'''
@@ Line 235: / Line 235: @@
 Seahorses rise  by expelling water from a swim bladder
 |-
+|[[File:Lamprey.jpg|none|thumb]]
 |'''Lamprey'''
@@ Line 248: / Line 248: @@
 The adult is characterised by a toothed,  funnel-like sucking mouth. Lampreys are well known for those species which  bore into the flesh of other fish to suck their blood
 |-
+|[[File:Lungfish.jpg|none|thumb]]
 |'''Lungfish'''
@@ Line 261: / Line 261: @@
 Freshwater fish. Lungfish have the ability  to breathe air. All lungfish have two lungs, with the exception of the  Australian lungfish, which only has one
 |-
+|[[File:Hagfish.jpg|none|thumb]]
 |'''Hagfish'''

@@ Line 23: / Line 23: @@
 Wobbegongs  spend much of their time resting on the sea floor. They are well camouflaged  with a symmetrical pattern of bold markings which resembles a carpet
 |-
+|[[File:Whale shark.jpg|none|thumb]]
 |'''Whale shark'''
@@ Line 36: / Line 36: @@
 Their skin is  marked with pale yellow spots and stripes which are unique to each individual
 |-
+|[[File:Basking shark.jpg|none|thumb]]
 |'''Basking shark'''
@@ Line 46: / Line 46: @@
 The second largest fish, after the whale  shark. It is found in all the world's temperate oceans, and is a slow moving  and generally harmless filter feeder. Known for its greatly enlarged  mouth
 |-
+|[[File:Thresher shark.jpg|none|thumb]]
 |'''Thresher shark'''
@@ Line 55: / Line 55: @@
 Named for and easily recognised by its  exceptionally long, thresher-like tail or caudal fins which it lashes to stun prey
 |-
+|[[File:Stingray.jpg|none|thumb]]
 |'''Stingray'''
@@ Line 64: / Line 64: @@
 Most  stingrays have one or more barbed stingers on the tail, which are used  exclusively in self-defence. Fatal stings are very rare, but can happen, most  famously in the death of Steve Irwin in 2006
 |-
+|[[File:Manta Ray.jpg|none|thumb]]
 |'''Manta ray'''
@@ Line 73: / Line 73: @@
 Manta ray is  the largest of the rays and has the  largest brain of any fish. It is in the family of eagle rays. Giant oceanic manta ray (pictured)  can grow to a width of 7 m
 |-
+|[[File:Moray eel.jpg|none|thumb]]
 |'''Moray eel'''

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {| class="wikitable"
+|[[File:Hammerhead shark.jpg|none|thumb]]
 |'''Hammerhead shark'''
@@ Line 10: / Line 10: @@
 So named for the unusual and distinctive  structure of their heads, which are flattened and laterally extended into a  hammer shape called a cephalofoil. The positioning of the eyes,  mounted on the sides of the shark's distinctive hammer head give the shark good  360-degree vision in the vertical plane
 |-
+|[[File:Wobbegong.jpg|none|thumb]]
 |'''Wobbegong'''
@@ Line 29: / Line 29: @@
 ''Rhincodon typus''
@@ Line 41: / Line 42: @@
 ''Cetorhinus  maximus''
 The second largest fish, after the whale  shark. It is found in all the world's temperate oceans, and is a slow moving  and generally harmless filter feeder. Known for its greatly enlarged  mouth
@@ Line 50: / Line 52: @@
 genus ''Alopias''
 Named for and easily recognised by its  exceptionally long, thresher-like tail or caudal fins which it lashes to stun prey
@@ Line 69: / Line 70: @@
 genus ''Manta''
 Manta ray is  the largest of the rays and has the  largest brain of any fish. It is in the family of eagle rays. Giant oceanic manta ray (pictured)  can grow to a width of 7 m
@@ Line 88: / Line 88: @@
 ''Electrophorus  electricus''
 Capable of generating powerful electric shocks of  up to 600 volts. Despite its name, it is not an eel, but rather a knifefish
@@ Line 98: / Line 97: @@
 ''Regalecus  glesne''
 Also called  the king of herrings, it is  the world's longest bony fish. Its shape is ribbon-like, narrow laterally,  with a dorsal fin along its entire length