Physical World/Mammals - 3 - Revision history

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Admin: Created page with "{| class="wikitable" | |'''Caracal''' ''Caracal caracal'' Sometimes called the desert lynx or African lynx, but it is not a member of the ''Lynx'' genus The most dis..."

2021-04-18T22:11:18Z

Created page with "{| class="wikitable" | |'''Caracal''' ''Caracal caracal'' Sometimes called the desert lynx or African lynx, but it is not a member of the ''Lynx'' genus The most dis..."

New page

{| class="wikitable"
|
|'''Caracal'''

''Caracal caracal''

Sometimes called the desert lynx or African lynx, but it is not a member of the ''Lynx'' genus

The most distinctive feature of the caracal is the long black tufts on the back of the ears
|-
|
|'''Bobcat'''

''Lynx rufus''

Ranges from southern Canada to central Mexico

It has distinctive black bars on its forelegs and a black-tipped, stubby tail, from which it derives its name
|-
|
|'''Ocelot'''

''Leopardus pardalis''

Also known as the dwarf leopard

Distributed extensively within South America

Similar in appearance to a domestic cat. Its fur resembles that of a clouded leopard or jaguar
|-
|
|'''Margay'''

''Leopardus wiedii''

Also known as the tree ocelot

Similar to the larger ocelot in appearance, although the head is a little shorter, the eyes larger, and the tail and legs longer
|-
|
|'''Serval'''

''Leptailurus serval''

A medium-sized African wild cat native to sub-Saharan Africa

Servals have the longest legs of any cat, relative to their body size
|-
|
|'''Aardwolf'''

''Proteles cristata''

A small, insectivorous hyena-like mammal, native to Eastern and Southern Africa

Second animal in the dictionary, after aardvark
|-
|
|'''Fossa'''

''Cryptoprocta ferox''

A cat-like, carnivorous mammal endemic to Madagascar. Resembles a small cougar

The largest mammalian carnivore on the island of Madagascar

|-
|
|'''Meerkat'''

''Suricata suricatta''

Meerkats are members of the mongoose family native to Botswana, Namibia, and South Africa

Meerkats forage in a group with one "sentry" on guard watching for predators while the others search for food and "Compare The Market”
|-
|
|'''Tapir'''

genus ''Tapirus''

Brazilian, Malayan, Baird's – species of tapir

Tapirs inhabit jungle and forest regions of South America, Central America, and Southeastern Asia
|-
|
|'''Przewalski's Horse'''

''Equus ferus przewalskii''

Native to the steppes of central Asia, notably Mongolia

The horse is named after the Russian colonel Nikolai Przhevalsky (the name is of Polish origin and "Przewalski" is the Polish spelling), who first described the horse in 1881
|-
|
|'''Onager'''

''Equus hemionus''

Also known as hemione or Asiatic wild ass

Onagers have never been domesticated. They are among the fastest mammals

There is a Roman siege engine called an onager
|-
|
|'''Peccary'''

family Tayassuidae (New World pigs)

Also known as skunk pig

Native to the Americas
|-
|
|'''Chevrotain'''

family Tragulidae

Also known as mouse-deer

Chevrotain is French for "little goat"

Java mouse-deer is world’s smallest hoofed mammal
|-
|
|'''Pudu'''

genus ''Pudu''

Northern, southern – species of pudu

Inhabits temperate rainforests in South America

The world's smallest deer
|-
|
|'''Muntjac'''

genus ''Muntiacus''

Also known as barking deer

Muntjacs are the oldest known deer. The present-day species are native to South Asia

A large feral population of muntjacs exists in England
|-
|
|'''Père David's deer'''

''Elaphurus davidianus''

Native to the subtropics of China

First made known to Western science in the 19th century, by Father Armand David, a French missionary working in China. The current world population, now found in zoos around the world, stems from a herd Woburn Abbey nurtured by the 11th Duke of Bedford
|-
|
|'''Pronghorn'''

''Antilocapra americana''

Though not an antelope, it is often known colloquially in North America as the prong buck or pronghorn antelope

Fastest land mammal in the Western Hemisphere
|-
|
|'''Gaur'''

''Bos gaurus''

Also known as Indian bison

Largest extant bovine, native to South Asia and Southeast Asia
|-
|
|'''Muskox'''

''Ovibos moschatus''

Arctic mammal of the family Bovidae noted for its thick coat and for the strong odour emitted during the seasonal rut by males, from which its name derives
|-
|
|'''Chamois'''

''Rupicapra rupicapra''

A goat-antelope species native to mountains in Europe. The chamois has also been introduced to the South Island of New Zealand

Chamois leather is traditionally made from the hide of the chamois
|-
|
|'''Nilgai'''

''Boselaphus tragocamelus''

Largest Asian antelope

Found throughout most of India

Mature male appears ox-like and is also known as the blue bull
|-
|
|'''Bongo'''

''Tragelaphus eurycerus''

Large African forest antelope

Bongos are characterised by a striking reddish-brown coat, black and white markings, white-yellow stripes and long slightly spiraled horns
|-
|
|'''Grey rhebok'''

''Pelea capreolus''

Antelope endemic to Southern Africa

The Afrikaans/Dutch spelling of the species, reebok, lends its name to the sportswear manufacturing company
|-
|
|'''Wildebeest'''

genus ''Connochaetes''

Two species, both native to Africa: the black wildebeest, or white-tailed gnu; and the blue wildebeest, or brindled gnu

Blue wildebeest are known for their long distance migrations
|-
|
|'''Klipspringer'''

''Oreotragus oreotragus''

Small species of African antelope

Klipspringer means "rock jumper" in Afrikaans

They are around 1.5 m tall and can jump 10 times their own body height
|-
|
|'''Giraffe'''

''Giraffa camelopardalis''

Tallest living terrestrial animal and the largest ruminant

Heart of a giraffe has to generate around double the normal blood pressure for a large mammal in order to maintain blood flow to the brain against gravity. Giraffe has seven neck (cervical) vertebrae, the same as a human
|-
|
|'''Okapi'''

''Okapia johnstoni''

The okapi and the giraffe are the only living members of the family Giraffidae

Named in recognition of the British Governor of Uganda, Sir Harry Johnston, who first acquired an okapi specimen for science
|-
|
|'''Alpaca'''

''Vicugna pacos''

A domesticated species of South American camelid. It resembles a small llama in appearance

Alpaca fleece is a lustrous and silky natural fibre
|-
|
|'''Vicuna'''

''Vicugna vicugna''

Believed to be the wild ancestor of domesticated alpacas

Vicunas produce small amounts of extremely fine wool, which is very expensive

Vicuna is smaller than the guanaco
|-
|
|'''Guanaco'''

''Lama guanicoe''

Native to the arid, mountainous regions of South America

The guanaco's soft wool is valued second only to that of the vicuna
|-
|
|'''Blue whale'''

''Balaenoptera musculus''

At 30 metres in length and 180 tonnes in weight, it is the largest extant animal and is the heaviest known to have existed

Herman Melville called the blue whale "sulphur-bottom" in ''Moby-Dick''
|-
|
|'''Bowhead whale'''

''Balaena mysticetus''

Also known as the Greenland right whale or Arctic whale

Does not have a dorsal fin. Named after its arching lower jaw. Its baleen is the longest of any whale at 3 metres
|-
|
|'''Narwhal'''

''Monodon monoceros''

Toothed whale that possesses a large "tusk" from a protruding canine tooth. Narwhal tusks were believed to be the horns from the legendary unicorn

It lives year-round in the Arctic waters
|-
|
|'''Beluga whale'''

''Delphinapterus leucas''

Also known as white whale, or sea canary due to its high-pitched twitter

Lives in the Arctic. It is entirely white as an adult
|-
|
|'''Sperm whale'''

''Physeter macrocephalus''

Also known as cachelot

The largest of the toothed whales and the largest toothed predator. It has the largest brain of any animal

The head of the whale contains a liquid wax called spermaceti, from which the whale derives its name
|-
|
|'''Killer whale'''

''Orcinus orca''

Also known as orca, blackfish, or grampus

A toothed whale belonging to the oceanic dolphin family, of which it is the largest member
|-
|
|'''Vacuita'''

''Phocoena sinus''

A rare species of porpoise endemic to the Gulf of California. Smallest cetacean

Porpoises are small toothed whales that are closely related to oceanic dolphins

|-
|
|'''Elephant seal'''

genus ''Mirounga''

Two species – northern and southern

Elephant seals take their name from the large proboscis of the adult male, which resembles an elephant's trunk. Southern elephant seal bulls typically reach a length of 4.9 metres and a weight of 3,000 kg
|-
|
|'''Dugong'''

''Dugong dugon''

Dugong, together with the manatees, is one of four living species of the order Sirenia

It has a fusiform body (tapered at both the head and the tail). Dugong is distinguished from the manatees by its fluked, dolphin-like tail, but also possesses a unique skull and teeth
|-
|
|'''Manatee'''

genus ''Trichecus''

Also known as sea cows

Three species – Amazonian, West Indian, and West African

Manatees have a paddle-shaped tail
|}

@@ Line 382: / Line 382: @@
 It lives  year-round in the Arctic waters
 |-
+|[[File:Beluga whale.jpg|none|thumb]]
 |'''Beluga whale'''
 ''Delphinapterus leucas''
 Also known as white whale, or sea canary due  to its high-pitched twitter
 Lives in the  Arctic. It is  entirely white as an adult
 |-
+|[[File:Sperm whale.jpg|none|thumb]]
 |'''Sperm whale'''
 ''Physeter  macrocephalus''
 Also known as cachelot
 The largest  of the toothed whales and the largest toothed predator. It has the largest  brain of any animal
@@ Line 406: / Line 406: @@
 The head of  the whale contains a liquid wax called spermaceti, from which the whale  derives its name
 |-
+|[[File:Killer whale.jpg|none|thumb]]
 |'''Killer whale'''
 ''Orcinus  orca''
 Also known as orca, blackfish, or grampus
 A toothed  whale belonging to the oceanic dolphin family, of which it is the largest  member
 |-
+|[[File:Vaquita.jpg|none|thumb]]
-|'''Vacuita'''
+|'''Vaquita'''
 ''Phocoena  sinus''
 A rare  species of porpoise endemic to the Gulf of California. Smallest cetacean
 Porpoises are  small toothed whales that are closely related to oceanic dolphins
@@ Line 430: / Line 430: @@
 |-
+|[[File:Elephant seal.jpg|none|thumb]]
 |'''Elephant seal'''
 genus ''Mirounga''
 Two species – northern and southern
 Elephant  seals take their name from the large proboscis of the adult male, which  resembles an elephant's trunk. Southern elephant seal bulls typically reach a  length of 4.9 metres and a weight of 3,000 kg
 |-
+|[[File:Dugong.jpg|none|thumb]]
 |'''Dugong'''
 ''Dugong  dugon''
 Dugong,  together with the manatees, is one of four living species of the order  Sirenia
 It has a fusiform body (tapered at both  the head and the tail). Dugong is distinguished from the manatees by its  fluked, dolphin-like tail, but also possesses a unique skull and teeth
 |-
+|[[File:Manatee.jpg|none|thumb]]
 |'''Manatee'''
 genus ''Trichecus''
 Also known as sea cows
 Three species – Amazonian, West Indian,  and West African
 Manatees have a paddle-shaped tail
 |}

@@ Line 238: / Line 238: @@
 ''Boselaphus  tragocamelus''
 Largest Asian antelope
@@ Line 291: / Line 292: @@
 They are around 1.5 m tall and can jump 10  times their own body height
 |-
+|[[File:Giraffe.jpg|none|thumb]]
 |'''Giraffe'''
 ''Giraffa camelopardalis''
 Tallest living terrestrial animal and the  largest ruminant
 Heart of a  giraffe has to generate around  double the normal blood pressure for a large mammal in order to maintain  blood flow to the brain against gravity. Giraffe has seven neck (cervical)  vertebrae, the same as a human
 |-
+|[[File:Okapi.jpg|none|thumb]]
 |'''Okapi'''
 ''Okapia johnstoni''
 The okapi and  the giraffe are the only living members of the family Giraffidae
 Named in  recognition of the British Governor of Uganda, Sir Harry Johnston, who first  acquired an okapi specimen for science
 |-
+|[[File:Alpaca.jpg|none|thumb]]
 |'''Alpaca'''
 ''Vicugna pacos''
 A domesticated  species of South American camelid. It resembles a small llama in appearance
 Alpaca fleece  is a lustrous and silky natural fibre
 |-
+|[[File:Vicuna.jpg|none|thumb]]
 |'''Vicuna'''
 ''Vicugna  vicugna''
 Believed to  be the wild ancestor of domesticated alpacas
 Vicunas  produce small amounts of extremely fine wool, which is very expensive
 Vicuna is  smaller than the guanaco
 |-
+|[[File:Guanaco.jpg|none|thumb]]
 |'''Guanaco'''
 ''Lama  guanicoe''
 Native to the  arid, mountainous regions of South America
 The guanaco's  soft wool is valued second only to that of the vicuna
 |-
+|[[File:Blue whale.jpg|none|thumb]]
 |'''Blue whale'''
 ''Balaenoptera  musculus''
 At 30 metres  in length and 180 tonnes in weight, it is the largest extant animal and is  the heaviest known to have existed
 Herman  Melville called the blue whale "sulphur-bottom" in ''Moby-Dick''
 |-
+|[[File:Bowhead whale.jpg|none|thumb]]
 |'''Bowhead whale'''
 ''Balaena mysticetus''
 Also known as  the Greenland right whale or Arctic whale
 Does not have  a dorsal fin. Named after its  arching lower jaw. Its baleen is the longest of any whale at 3 metres
 |-
+|[[File:Narwhal.jpg|none|thumb]]
 |'''Narwhal'''
 ''Monodon  monoceros''
 Toothed whale  that possesses a large "tusk" from a protruding canine tooth.  Narwhal tusks were believed to be the horns from the legendary unicorn
 It lives  year-round in the Arctic waters

@@ Line 202: / Line 202: @@
 Fastest land  mammal in the Western Hemisphere
 |-
+|[[File:Gaur.jpg|none|thumb]]
 |'''Gaur'''
@@ Line 210: / Line 210: @@
 Also known as  Indian bison
 Largest  extant bovine, native to South Asia and Southeast Asia
 |-
+|[[File:Muskox.jpg|none|thumb]]
 |'''Muskox'''
 ''Ovibos moschatus''
 Arctic mammal  of the family Bovidae noted for its thick coat and for the strong odour  emitted during the seasonal rut by males, from which its name derives
 |-
+|[[File:Chamois.jpg|none|thumb]]
 |'''Chamois'''
@@ Line 230: / Line 230: @@
 A goat-antelope species native to  mountains in Europe. The chamois has also been introduced to the South  Island of New Zealand
 Chamois leather is traditionally made from  the hide of the chamois
 |-
+|[[File:Nilgai.jpg|none|thumb]]
 |'''Nilgai'''
 ''Boselaphus  tragocamelus''
 Largest Asian antelope
 Found  throughout most of India
 Mature male appears ox-like and is also  known as the blue bull
 |-
+|[[File:Bongo.jpg|none|thumb]]
 |'''Bongo'''
 ''Tragelaphus eurycerus''
 Large African  forest antelope
 Bongos are characterised by a striking  reddish-brown coat, black and white markings, white-yellow stripes and long  slightly spiraled horns
 |-
+|[[File:Rhebok.jpg|none|thumb]]
 |'''Grey rhebok'''
 ''Pelea  capreolus''
 Antelope endemic  to Southern Africa
 The  Afrikaans/Dutch spelling of the species, reebok, lends its name to the sportswear manufacturing company
 |-
+|[[File:Wildebeest.jpg|none|thumb]]
 |'''Wildebeest'''
@@ Line 278: / Line 275: @@
 Two species,  both native to Africa: the black wildebeest, or white-tailed gnu; and the blue  wildebeest, or brindled gnu
 Blue  wildebeest are known for their long distance migrations
 |-
+|[[File:Klipspringer.jpg|none|thumb]]
 |'''Klipspringer'''
@@ Line 290: / Line 286: @@
 Small species  of African antelope
 Klipspringer means "rock  jumper" in Afrikaans
 They are around 1.5 m tall and can jump 10  times their own body height

@@ Line 104: / Line 104: @@
 Tapirs  inhabit jungle and forest regions of South America, Central America, and Southeastern  Asia
 |-
+|[[File:Przewalskis horse.jpg|none|thumb]]
 |'''Przewalski's Horse'''
@@ Line 112: / Line 112: @@
 Native to the  steppes of central Asia, notably Mongolia
 The horse is  named after the Russian colonel Nikolai Przhevalsky (the name is of Polish  origin and "Przewalski" is the Polish spelling), who first  described the horse in 1881
 |-
+|[[File:Onager.jpg|none|thumb]]
 |'''Onager'''
 ''Equus hemionus''
 Also known as  hemione or Asiatic wild ass
 Onagers have  never been domesticated. They are among the fastest mammals
 There is a  Roman siege engine called an onager
 |-
+|[[File:Peccary.jpg|none|thumb]]
 |'''Peccary'''
 family Tayassuidae (New World pigs)
 Also known as skunk pig
 Native to the  Americas
 |-
+|[[File:Chevrotain.jpg|none|thumb]]
 |'''Chevrotain'''
 family Tragulidae
 Also known as mouse-deer
 Chevrotain is French for "little  goat"
 Java mouse-deer is world’s smallest hoofed  mammal
 |-
+|[[File:Pudu.jpg|none|thumb]]
 |'''Pudu'''
@@ Line 165: / Line 162: @@
 Northern,  southern – species of pudu
 Inhabits  temperate rainforests in South America
 The world's  smallest deer
 |-
+|[[File:Muntjac.jpg|none|thumb]]
 |'''Muntjac'''
 genus ''Muntiacus''
 Also known as barking deer
 Muntjacs are  the oldest known deer. The present-day species are native to South Asia
 A large feral  population of muntjacs exists in England
 |-
+|[[File:Pere Davids deer.jpg|none|thumb]]
 |'''Père  David's deer'''
 ''Elaphurus davidianus''
 Native to the  subtropics of China
+First made known to Western science in the  19th century, by Father Armand David, a French missionary working in China. The  current world population, now found in zoos around the world, stems from a  herd at Woburn Abbey nurtured by the 11th Duke of Bedford
 |-
+|[[File:Pronghorn.jpg|none|thumb]]
 |'''Pronghorn'''
 ''Antilocapra  americana''
 Though not an  antelope, it is often known colloquially in North America as the prong buck or pronghorn antelope
 Fastest land  mammal in the Western Hemisphere

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {| class="wikitable"
+|[[File:Caracal.jpg|none|thumb]]
 |'''Caracal'''
 ''Caracal  caracal''
 Sometimes  called the desert lynx or African lynx, but it is not a member of the ''Lynx''  genus
 The most  distinctive feature of the caracal is the long black tufts on the back of the  ears
 |-
+|[[File:Bobcat.jpg|none|thumb]]
 |'''Bobcat'''
 ''Lynx rufus''
 Ranges from  southern Canada to central Mexico
 It has  distinctive black bars on its forelegs and a black-tipped, stubby tail, from  which it derives its name
 |-
+|[[File:Ocelot.jpg|none|thumb]]
 |'''Ocelot'''
 ''Leopardus pardalis''
 Also known as  the dwarf leopard
 Distributed  extensively within South America
 Similar in  appearance to a domestic cat. Its fur resembles that of a clouded leopard or jaguar
 |-
+|[[File:Margay.jpg|none|thumb]]
 |'''Margay'''
 ''Leopardus wiedii''
 Also known as  the tree ocelot
 Similar to  the larger ocelot in appearance, although the head is a little shorter, the  eyes larger, and the tail and legs longer
 |-
+|[[File:Serval.jpg|none|thumb]]
 |'''Serval'''
 ''Leptailurus  serval''
 A  medium-sized African wild cat native to sub-Saharan Africa
 Servals have the longest legs of any cat,  relative to their body size
 |-
+|[[File:Aardwolf.jpg|none|thumb]]
 |'''Aardwolf'''
 ''Proteles cristata''
 A small, insectivorous hyena-like mammal,  native to Eastern and Southern Africa
 Second animal in the dictionary, after  aardvark
 |-
+|[[File:Fossa.jpg|none|thumb]]
 |'''Fossa'''
 ''Cryptoprocta ferox''
 A cat-like,  carnivorous mammal endemic to Madagascar. Resembles a small cougar
 The largest  mammalian carnivore on the island of Madagascar
@@ Line 83: / Line 82: @@
 |-
+|[[File:Meerkat.jpg|none|thumb]]
 |'''Meerkat'''
 ''Suricata  suricatta''
 Meerkats are members of the mongoose family native to Botswana,  Namibia, and South Africa
 Meerkats  forage in a group with one "sentry" on guard watching for predators  while the others search for food and "Compare The Market”
 |-
+|[[File:Tapir.jpg|none|thumb]]
 |'''Tapir'''
@@ Line 100: / Line 99: @@
 genus ''Tapirus''
 Tapirs  inhabit jungle and forest regions of South America, Central America, and Southeastern  Asia