Difference between revisions of "Art and Culture/Artists"
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'''Aelbert Cuyp''' (1620 – 1691) was one of the leading Dutch landscape painters of the Dutch Golden Age. He is especially known for his large views of the Dutch countryside | '''Aelbert Cuyp''' (1620 – 1691) was one of the leading Dutch landscape painters of the Dutch Golden Age. He is especially known for his large views of the Dutch countryside | ||
− | + | '''Richard Dadd''' (1817 – 1886), an English painter of the Victorian era, noted for his depictions of fairies and other supernatural subjects. Painted while Dadd was confined in Bedlam psychiatric hospital. Richard Dadd formed the group of British artists known as The Clique | |
− | '' | + | ''The Fairy Feller's Master-Stroke'' |
− | + | '''Johan Christian Dahl''' (1788 – 1857) was a Norwegian artist who is considered the first great romantic painter in Norway, the founder of the "golden age" of Norwegian painting. He is often described as "the father of Norwegian landscape painting" | |
− | + | '''Salvador Dali''' (1904 – 1989) was inspired by the shock of Hiroshima and the dawning of the atomic age, and labeled this period ‘Nuclear Mysticism’. Dali’s wife Gali was previously married to surrealist poet Paul Eluard. Dali lived in St Petersburg, Florida. Dali returned from USA to Spain after WWII and became a catholic. Published ''Mystical Manifesto''. Between 1941 and 1970, Dali created an ensemble of 39 jewels. The most famous jewel, ''The Royal Heart'', is made of gold and is encrusted with 46 rubies, 42 diamonds, and four emeralds and is created in such a way that the centre ‘beats’ much like a real heart | |
− | + | ''The Persistence of Memory'' | |
− | '' | + | ''Leda Atomica'' |
− | + | ''Christ of Saint John of the Cross'' – in 1993, the painting was moved to Glasgow's St Mungo Museum of Religious Life and Art but returned to Kelvingrove for its reopening in 2006. Yellow boat at Port Lligat at bottom of painting | |
− | ''Soft Construction with Boiled Beans: Premonition of Civil War'' | + | ''Soft Construction with Boiled Beans: Premonition of Civil War'' |
− | ''The Great Masturbator'' | + | ''The Great Masturbator'' |
− | + | Mae West Lips Sofa (1937) is a surrealist sofa | |
+ | |||
+ | Lobster Telephone | ||
'''Francis Danby''' (1793 – 1861) was an Irish painter of the Romantic era. His imaginative, dramatic landscapes were comparable to those of John Martin | '''Francis Danby''' (1793 – 1861) was an Irish painter of the Romantic era. His imaginative, dramatic landscapes were comparable to those of John Martin | ||
− | ''The Shipwreck'' | + | ''The Shipwreck'' |
+ | |||
+ | ''The Deluge'' | ||
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+ | '''Charles-Francois Daubigny''' (1817 – 1878) was one of the painters of the Barbizon school, and is considered an important precursor of Impressionism | ||
'''Honore Daumier''' (1808 – 1879) was a French printmaker, caricaturist, painter, and sculptor, whose many works offer commentary on social and political life in France in the 19th century. He is known for his caricatures of political figures and satires on the behavior of his countrymen | '''Honore Daumier''' (1808 – 1879) was a French printmaker, caricaturist, painter, and sculptor, whose many works offer commentary on social and political life in France in the 19th century. He is known for his caricatures of political figures and satires on the behavior of his countrymen | ||
− | + | '''Jacques-Louis David''' (1748 – 1825) became an active supporter of the French Revolution and friend of Robespierre, and was effectively a dictator of the arts under the French Republic. Imprisoned after Robespierre's fall from power, he aligned himself with Napoleon I. It was at this time that he developed his Empire style, notable for its use of warm Venetian colours | |
− | + | ''The Death of Marat'' – 1793 painting of Jean-Paul Marat lying dead in his bath after being murdered by Charlotte Corday | |
− | ''The Death of Socrates'' | + | ''The Death of Socrates'' |
− | ''Napoleon Crossing the Alps'' – | + | ''Napoleon Crossing the Alps'' – idealized view of the real crossing that Napoleon and his army made across the Alps through the Great St. Bernard Pass in May 1800 |
− | ''Oath of the Horatii'' – | + | ''Oath of the Horatii'' – fathers giving swords to Roman sons |
− | ''The Intervention of the Sabine Women'' | + | ''The Intervention of the Sabine Women'' |
− | ''The Coronation of Napoleon'' | + | ''The Coronation of Napoleon'' |
− | ''Oath of the Tennis Court'' | + | ''Oath of the Tennis Court'' |
+ | |||
+ | ''The Lictors Bringing to Brutus the Bodies of His Sons'' | ||
'''Stuart Davis''' (1892 – 1964) was an early American modernist painter. He was well known for his jazz-influenced, proto pop art paintings of the 1940s and 1950s, bold, brash, and colorful, as well as his ashcan pictures in the early years of the 20th century | '''Stuart Davis''' (1892 – 1964) was an early American modernist painter. He was well known for his jazz-influenced, proto pop art paintings of the 1940s and 1950s, bold, brash, and colorful, as well as his ashcan pictures in the early years of the 20th century | ||
− | '' | + | '''Edgar Degas''' (1834 – 1917) is regarded as one of the founders of Impressionism, although he rejected the term, preferring to be called a realist. He was a superb draftsman, and particularly masterly in depicting movement, as can be seen in his renditions of dancers, racecourse subjects and female nudes. He was born in Paris, the son of a banker. Degas is also famous for bronze sculptures of dancers |
+ | |||
+ | ''Rehearsal'' | ||
+ | |||
+ | ''L’Absinthe'' | ||
+ | |||
+ | '''Eugene Delacroix''' (1798 – 1863) | ||
+ | |||
+ | ''Liberty Leading the People'' – hung in the Louvre. Celebrates July Revolution of 1830 against Charles X. Liberty wears a Phyrgian bonnet and is on a barricade | ||
− | + | ''Massacre at Chios'' | |
− | '' | + | ''The Death of Sardanapalus'' |
− | '' | + | '''Paul Delaroche''' (1797 – 1856) |
− | ''The Execution of Lady Jane Grey'' | + | ''The Execution of Lady Jane Grey'' |
− | ''Hemicycle'' | + | ''Hemicycle'' – a mural 27m long. Also known as ''The Artists of All Times'' |
'''Robert Delaunay''' (1885 – 1941) was a French artist who, with his wife Sonia Delaunay and others, cofounded the Orphism art movement, noted for its use of strong colours and geometric shapes. The movement also aimed to express the ideals of Simultanism: the existence of an infinitude of interrelated states of being | '''Robert Delaunay''' (1885 – 1941) was a French artist who, with his wife Sonia Delaunay and others, cofounded the Orphism art movement, noted for its use of strong colours and geometric shapes. The movement also aimed to express the ideals of Simultanism: the existence of an infinitude of interrelated states of being | ||
− | ''Eiffel Tower'' series | + | ''Eiffel Tower'' series |
+ | |||
+ | ''City of Paris'' series | ||
+ | |||
+ | ''Window'' series | ||
+ | |||
+ | ''Cardiff Team'' series | ||
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+ | ''Circular Forms'' series | ||
'''Sonia Delaunay''' (1885 – 1979) was born Sonia Terk in Russia. Her work extends to painting, textile design and stage set design. She was the first living female artist to have a retrospective exhibition at the Louvre in 1964 | '''Sonia Delaunay''' (1885 – 1979) was born Sonia Terk in Russia. Her work extends to painting, textile design and stage set design. She was the first living female artist to have a retrospective exhibition at the Louvre in 1964 | ||
− | '''Jeremy Deller''' (born 1966) is an English conceptual, video and installation artist. Won the Turner Prize in 2004 | + | '''Jeremy Deller''' (born 1966) is an English conceptual, video and installation artist. Won the Turner Prize in 2004 |
+ | |||
+ | ''Battle of Orgreave'' | ||
+ | |||
+ | ''It Is What It Is'' – a car destroyed by a car bomb in Iraq | ||
− | '' | + | '''Charles Demuth''' (1883 – 1935) was an American watercolorist who turned to oils late in his career, developing a style of painting known as Precisionism |
− | ''I Saw the Figure 5 in Gold'' | + | ''I Saw the Figure 5 in Gold'' |
'''Maurice Denis''' (1870 – 1943) was a member of the Symbolist and Les Nabis movements. His theories contributed to the foundations of cubism, fauvism, and abstract art | '''Maurice Denis''' (1870 – 1943) was a member of the Symbolist and Les Nabis movements. His theories contributed to the foundations of cubism, fauvism, and abstract art | ||
− | + | '''Andre Derain''' (1888 – 1954) was the co-founder of Fauvism with Matisse | |
+ | |||
+ | ''Charing Cross Bridge'' | ||
'''Jim Dine''' (born 1935) is an American pop artist. He is sometimes considered to be a part of the Neo-Dada movement. Known for his ''Happenings'' series of performance art | '''Jim Dine''' (born 1935) is an American pop artist. He is sometimes considered to be a part of the Neo-Dada movement. Known for his ''Happenings'' series of performance art | ||
− | + | '''Otto Dix''' (1891 – 1969) represented his traumatic experiences in World War I in many subsequent works, including a portfolio of fifty etchings called ''Der Krieg'', published in 1924 | |
− | + | ''Prager Strasse'' | |
− | ''Skat Players'' | + | ''Skat Players'' |
'''William Dobson''' (1611 – 1646) was a portraitist and one of the first notable English painters. Dobson was based at the Royalist centre of Oxford and painted many leading Cavaliers | '''William Dobson''' (1611 – 1646) was a portraitist and one of the first notable English painters. Dobson was based at the Royalist centre of Oxford and painted many leading Cavaliers | ||
− | '''Peter Doig''' (born 1959) is a Scottish painter. Since 2002 he has lived in Trinidad | + | '''Peter Doig''' (born 1959) is a Scottish painter. Since 2002 he has lived in Trinidad |
+ | |||
+ | ''White Canoe'' – sold at Sotheby's in 2007 for $11.3 million, then an auction record for a living European artist | ||
+ | |||
+ | ''The Architect's Home in the Ravine'' | ||
'''Gustave Dore''' (1832 – 1883) was a French artist, engraver, illustrator and sculptor. Dore worked primarily with wood engraving and steel engraving. Provided illustrations for the English Bible (1866). His engravings illustrated ''The Divine Comedy'' | '''Gustave Dore''' (1832 – 1883) was a French artist, engraver, illustrator and sculptor. Dore worked primarily with wood engraving and steel engraving. Provided illustrations for the English Bible (1866). His engravings illustrated ''The Divine Comedy'' | ||
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'''Jean Dubuffet''' (1901 – 1985) coined the term Art Brut (meaning ‘raw art’, sometimes referred to as ‘outsider art’) for art produced by non-professionals working outside aesthetic norms | '''Jean Dubuffet''' (1901 – 1985) coined the term Art Brut (meaning ‘raw art’, sometimes referred to as ‘outsider art’) for art produced by non-professionals working outside aesthetic norms | ||
− | '' | + | '''Marcel Duchamp''' (1887 – 1968) The readymades of Marcel Duchamp are ordinary manufactured objects that the artist selected and modified, e.g. ''Fountain'' (1917) signed R. Mutt |
− | ''Nude Descending a Staircase'' | + | ''Nude Descending a Staircase, No. 2'' |
− | The | + | ''The Bride Stripped Bare by Her Bachelors, Even'', most often called ''The Large Glass'' |
− | + | ''L.H.O.O.Q.'' is a cheap postcard reproduction of Leonardo da Vinci's ''Mona Lisa'' onto which Duchamp drew a moustache and beard in pencil | |
'''Raoul Dufy''' (1877 – 1953) was a French Fauvist painter. He developed a colourful, decorative style that became fashionable for designs for ceramics, textiles and decorative schemes for public buildings. He is noted for scenes of open-air social events | '''Raoul Dufy''' (1877 – 1953) was a French Fauvist painter. He developed a colourful, decorative style that became fashionable for designs for ceramics, textiles and decorative schemes for public buildings. He is noted for scenes of open-air social events | ||
− | ''Regatta at Cowes'' – | + | ''Homage to Mozart'' |
+ | |||
+ | ''Regatta at Cowes'' | ||
+ | |||
+ | '''Albrecht Durer''' (1471 – 1528) was born and died in Nuremberg and is best known for his prints, often executed in series | ||
+ | |||
+ | ''Apocalypse'' | ||
+ | |||
+ | ''Great Passion'' | ||
+ | |||
+ | ''Little Passion'' | ||
+ | |||
+ | ''Knight, Death, and the Devil'' – engravings | ||
+ | |||
+ | ''Saint Jerome in his Study'' | ||
+ | |||
+ | ''Melencolia I'' | ||
+ | |||
+ | ''Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse'' – woodcuts | ||
+ | |||
+ | ''Rhinoceros'' | ||
+ | |||
+ | ''Triumphal Arch'' | ||
− | '' | + | ''Triumphs of Maximilian'' – huge woodcut project by Durer, commissioned by Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor |
− | '' | + | ''Revelation of St John'' |
− | '' | + | ''Praying Hands'' |
'''Tracey Emin''' (born 1963) is one of the Young British Artists | '''Tracey Emin''' (born 1963) is one of the Young British Artists |
Revision as of 17:25, 26 May 2021
Ai Weiwei (born 1957) is a Chinese artist who has been critical of the government’s stance on human rights and democracy. He collaborated with Swiss architects Herzog & de Meuron as the artistic consultant on the Beijing National Stadium for the 2008 Olympics
S.A.C.R.E.D installation – a six-part work composed of six iron boxes depicting scenes from Ai’s 81-day incarceration in 2011
Sunflower Seeds – 100 million handmade and painted porcelain sunflower seeds displayed at Tate Modern in 2010
Josef Albers (1888 – 1976). Born in Germany
Homage to the Square
Lawrence Alma-Tadema (1836 – 1912), a British artist born in the Netherlands. A classical-subject painter, Alma-Tadema became famous for his depictions of the luxury and decadence of the Roman Empire, with languorous figures set in fabulous marbled interiors or against a backdrop of dazzling blue Mediterranean Sea and sky
The Roses of Heliogabalus
A Favourite Custom – painting at Tate Britain
A Foregone Conclusion – painting at Tate Britain
Albrecht Altdorfer (1480 – 1538), the leader of the Danube School
Battle of Issus (or of Alexander)
Fra Angelico (1395–1455) was called Il Beato (the Blessed), in reference to his skills in painting religious subjects. In 1982 Pope John Paul II conferred beatification. Fra Angelico was born Guido di Pietro
San Marco Altarpiece
Fiesole Altarpiece
Alexander Archipenko (1887 – 1964) was a Ukrainian avant-garde artist, sculptor, and graphic artist. Associated with the cubist movement
Giuseppe Arcimboldo (1527 – 1593) was an Italian painter best known for creating imaginative portrait heads made entirely of such objects as fruits, vegetables, flowers, fish, and books. In 1562, Arcimboldo became court portraitist to Ferdinand I at the Habsburg court in Vienna, and later, to Maximilian II and his son Rudolf II at the court in Prague
The Librarian
Vertumnus
Winter, Spring, Summer, Autumn – ‘Four Seasons’ paintings
Air, Fire, Earth, Water – ‘Four elements’ paintings
Jean Arp or Hans Arp (1886 – 1966) was a French/German painter and sculptor, born in Strasbourg. He was a founding member of the Dada group
Frank Auerbach (born 1931) is a German-born British painter. His work typically portrays either one of a small group of mainly female models, or scenes around London, especially the Mornington Crescent studio he has occupied since 1954
Francis Bacon (1909–1992) was born in Dublin, the son of a racehorse trainer. His lover, George Dyer, died of an overdose of barbiturates in Paris
Francis Bacon created several variations of Velazquez’s Pope Innocent X, and was inspired by his Screaming Popes paintings
Three Studies for Figures at the Base of a Crucifixion is a 1944 triptych painted by Francis Bacon. The work is based on the Eumenides, or Furies, of Aeschylus' The Oresteia, and depicts three writhing anthropomorphic creatures set against a flat orange background
Triptych Inspired by T. S. Eliot’s Poem Sweeney Agonistes
Three Studies of Lucian Freud
Leon Bakst (1866 – 1924) was a Russian painter and scene and costume designer. He was a member of the Sergei Diaghilev circle and the Ballets Russes, for which he designed exotic, richly coloured sets and costumes
Giacomo Balla (1871 – 1958) was a Futurist painter who taught Boccioni
Balthus (1908 – 2001) was a Polish/French modern artist whose work was ultimately anti-modern
Francis Barraud (1856 – 1924)
His Master’s Voice – painting of Nipper (the Jack Russel terrier in the HMV image)
Jennifer Bartlett (born 1941) is an American artist best known for paintings combining abstract and representational styles
Georg Baselitz (born 1938) studied in the former East Germany. Baselitz's style is interpreted by the Northern American as Neo-Expressionist, but from a European perspective, it is more seen as postmodern. His career was kick-started in the 1960s after police action against one of his paintings, because of its provocative, offending sexual nature
Jean-Michel Basquiat (1960 – 1988) began as a graffiti artist in New York in the late 1970s and in the 1980s produced Neo-expressionist painting. Basquiat died of a heroin overdose aged 27. Basquiet – known as SAMO as a graffiti artist. Collaborations with Andy Warhol
Frederic Bazille (1841 – 1870) was illed in Franco-Prussian War. Helped Monet before he became famous
Summer Scene
The Pink Dress
Family Reunion
Aubrey Beardsley (1872 – 1898) produced drawings, done in black ink and influenced by the style of Japanese woodcuts, which emphasized the grotesque, the decadent, and the erotic. His most famous erotic illustrations concerned themes of history and mythology; these include his illustrations for a privately printed edition of Aristophanes' Lysistrata, and his drawings for Oscar Wilde's play Salome. Died aged 25
Max Beckmann (1884 – 1950) was associated with the New Objectivity movement
The Lion Tamer
Scene from the Earthquake in Messina
The Night
Vanessa Bell (1879 – 1961) was an English painter and interior designer, a member of the Bloomsbury group, and the sister of Virginia Woolf. She is considered one of the major contributors to British portrait drawing and landscape art in the 20th century
Giovanni Bellini (c. 1430 – 1516) was an Italian Renaissance painter, probably the best known of the Bellini family of Venetian painters. His father was Jacopo Bellini. Through the use of clear, slow-drying oil paints, Giovanni created deep, rich tints and detailed shadings
George Bellows (1882 – 1925) was an American realist painter, known for his bold depictions of urban life in New York City and a series of paintings depicting boxing
Joachim Beuckelaer (1533 – 1573)
Four Elements series – hung in the National Gallery
Joseph Beuys (1921 – 1986) work is grounded in concepts of humanism, social philosophy and anthroposophy; it culminates in his ‘extended definition of art’ and the idea of social sculpture. Always wore a felt hat
Elizabeth Blackadder (born 1931) is a Scottish painter and printmaker. She is the first woman to be elected to both the Royal Scottish Academy and the Royal Academy. Her work has appeared on a series of Royal Mail stamps
Peter Blake (born 1932) designed the sleeve for Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band
The Toy Shop – collage
On the Balcony is a significant early work which remains an iconic piece of British Pop Art
Babe Rainbow
Kate – collage
William Blake (1757 – 1827)
The Ancient of Days
Newton – Isaac Newton is shown sitting naked and crouched on a rocky outcropping covered with algae, apparently at the bottom of the sea. His attention is focused upon diagrams he draws with a compass upon a scroll that appears to unravel from his mouth
Umberto Boccioni (1882 – 1916) Futurist. Work centered on the portrayal of movement (dynamism), speed, and technology
Arnold Bocklin (1827 – 1901). Swiss symbolist painter
Isle of the Dead
The Island of Life
Alighiero Boetti (1940 – 1994) was a member of the Arte Povera movement. He is most famous for a series of embroidered maps of the world, Mappa, created between 1971 and his death in 1994. Boetti's work was typified by his notion of 'twinning', leading him to add 'e' (and) between his names
David Bomberg (1890 – 1957) painted a series of complex geometric compositions combining the influences of cubism and futurism in the years immediately preceding World War I. Bomberg was one of the most audacious of the exceptional generation of artists who studied at the Slade School of Art under Henry Tonks. He travelled to Palestine, and Ronda in Spain. Fought at The Battle of the Somme
In the Hold
The Mud Bath
Pierre Bonnard (1867 – 1947) was a French painter and printmaker, as well as a founding member of Les Nabis. Bonnard is known for his intense use of colour. His wife Marthe was an ever-present subject over the course of several decades
In the Washroom
Rosa Bonheur (1822 – 1899)
Ploughing in the Nivernais
The Horse Fair
Hieronymus Bosch (1450 – 1516) real name Jheronimus (or Jeroen) van Aken
Bosch
The Garden of Earthly Delights (1505) is the centre panel of a triptych and depicts the creation of earth. The leftmost panel features the Garden of Eden, and the rightmost panel illustrates Hell. Housed in the Museo del Prado
The Ship of Fools, Allegory of Gluttony and Lust, and Death of the Miser - triptych
The Seven Deadly Sins and the Four Last Things is a painting attributed to Hieronymus Bosch. The painting is oil on wood panels and is presented in a series of circular images
The Temptation of St Anthony – triptych
Sandro Botticelli (1445 – 1510) – means ‘little barrel’. Full name – Alessandro di Mariano di Vanni Filipepi. Worked for Medici family. Painted using egg tempera. Botticelli was apprenticed to Fra Filippo Lippi. Patronage of Lorenzo de Medici. He is buried at the feet of his model Simonetta Vespucci in Florence
Primavera – features Venus, Cupid, The Three Graces, Mercury, Zepher, Chloris, and Flora. Hung in Uffizi. Also known as Allegory of Spring
The Birth of Venus – hung in The Uffizi. On the left of the picture, are the wind god Zephyr and his wife Chloris, known as Flora, goddess of flowers and blooms. On the right is Hora the goddess of summer welcoming Venus
The Mystical Nativity – only painting signed by Botticelli
Francois Boucher (1703 – 1770) was a French painter, a proponent of Rococo taste, known for his idyllic and voluptuous paintings on classical themes. He also painted several portraits of his illustrious patroness, Madame de Pompadour. Influenced by the work of Watteau
The Rape of Europa – in the Wallace Collection
Portrait of Marie-Louise O’Murphy
Eugene Boudin (1824 – 1898) was one of the first French landscape painters to paint outdoors (en plein air). Many paintings of Trouville
Marie Bracquemond (1840 – 1916) was a French Impressionist artist described by Gustave Geffroy in 1894 as one of the “le trois grandes dames” of Impressionism alongside Berthe Morisot and Mary Cassatt
Frank Brangwyn (1857 – 1956) was an Anglo-Welsh artist, born in Bruges
British Empire Panels
Georges Braque (1882 – 1963) was influenced by the Fauves and Cezanne. Braque’s work between 1908 and 1912 is closely associated with that of his colleague Pablo Picasso. Their respective Cubist works were indistinguishable for many years. Braque was the first living artist to have exhibition at The Louvre
Violin and Candlestick
Fruit Dish and Glass
John Bratby (1928 – 1992) was an English painter who founded the ‘kitchen sink realism’ style of art that was influential in the late 1950s
Bronzino (1503 – 1572), born Agnolo di Cosimo, was an Italian Mannerist painter from Florence. Terry Gilliam famously used Cupid's right foot from Venus, Cupid, Folly and Time for crushing down the titles on Monty Python's Flying Circus
Portrait of Cosimo de’ Medici
Pieter Brueghel the Elder (1525 – 1569) low-life paintings in the Netherlands. Many works of Brueghel are in Kunsthistoriches in Vienna
Hunters in the Snow
Peasant Wedding
Landscape with the Fall of Icarus
The Triumph of Death – Dulle Griet, also known as Mad Meg, is a figure of Flemish folklore who is the subject of a 1563 oil-on-panel
Pieter Brueghel the Younger (1565 – 1638), son of Pieter Brueghel the Elder
Satire on Tulip Mania – monkeys in contemporary 17th century Dutch dress are shown dealing in tulips
Jan Brueghel the Elder (1568 – 1625) – son of Pieter Brueghel the Elder. Many floral still lifes and paradise landscapes
The Five Senses is a set of allegorical paintings created by Jan Brueghel the Elder and Peter Paul Rubens, with Brueghel being responsible for the settings and Rubens for the figures. They are now in the Prado Museum
Edward Burne-Jones (1833 – 1898) was a friend of William Morris and was associated with the Pre-Raphaelite movement. Burne-Jones was closely involved in the rejuvenation of the tradition of stained glass art in Britain Stanley Baldwin and Rudyard Kipling were nephews of Edward Burne-Jones
Love Among the Ruins
Perseus series
Edward Burra (1905 – 1976) was an English painter, best known for his depictions of the urban underworld, black culture and the Harlem scene of the 1930s
Gustave Caillebotte (1848 – 1894). Impressionist painter
The Floor Scrapers
Heinrich Campendonk (1889 – 1957). Member of the Der Blaue Reiter group
Red Picture with Horses
Canaletto (1697 – 1768), Giovanni Canal, best known for his paintings of Venice, worked in London from1746 to 1755. Many paintings of London bridges, including Westminster Bridge and Old Walton Bridge. Also painted Warwick Castle
Vittore Carpaccio (1465 – 1525) was a painter of the Venetian school, who studied under Gentile Bellini
The Legend of Saint Ursula – cycle of nine paintings
St. George and the Dragon
Emily Carr (1871 – 1945) was a Canadian artist and writer heavily inspired by the indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast. One of the first painters in Canada to adopt a modernist and post-impressionist painting style
Annibale Carracci (1560 – 1609) was an Italian Baroque painter born in Bologna. Carracci painted frescos on the ceiling of Palazzo Farnese in Rome
Leonora Carrington (1917 – 2011) was a British-born Mexican artist, a surrealist painter and a novelist. She lived most of her life in Mexico City. Lived with Max Ernst
Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio (1571 – 1610). First representative of the Baroque school. Caravaggio fled Rome for Naples in 1606 when charged with the murder of Ranuccio Tomassoni, during a furious brawl over a disputed score in a game of tennis. Credited with the invention of tenebrism
The Martyrdom of Saint Matthew
The Inspiration of Saint Matthew
The Calling of Saint Matthew
Saint Jerome Writing, also called Saint Jerome in His Study or simply Saint Jerome, is hung in the Galleria Borghese in Rome
Judith Beheading Holofernes
Cardsharps
Basket of Fruit – first still life painting. Hung in the Biblioteca Ambrosiana in Milan
The Beheading of Saint John the Baptist is the only work signed by Caravaggio
Mary Cassatt (1844 – 1926) was a friend of Degas. Cassatt often created images of the social and private lives of women, with particular emphasis on the intimate bonds between mothers and children
George Catlin (1796 – 1872) specialized in portraits of Native Americans in the Old West
Patrick Caulfield (1936 – 2005) was a painter and printmaker known for his bold canvases, which often incorporated elements of Photorealism within a pared down scene
Paul Cezanne (1839 – 1906) grew up with Emile Zola, in Aix-en-Provence. A Post-Impressionist painter, Cezanne formed a bridge between Impressionism and Cubism
Many paintings of Mont Sainte-Victoire in Provence
The Card Players
The Bathers
Auvers-sur-Oise was stolen from Ashmolean Museum in Oxford in 2000
Marc Chagall (1887 – 1985) was a French painter of Russian-Jewish origin who was born in Belarus. In 1963, Chagall was commissioned to paint the new ceiling for the Paris Opera (Palais Garnier). Chagall designed costumes for a production of The Firebird by Stravinsky. He designed a stained glass memorial window to Dag Hammarskjold in the United Nations in New York
I and the Village
Homage to Apollinaire
The Green Violinist
The Bible Series
Self-Portrait with Seven Fingers
Jake Chapman (born 1966) and Dinos Chapman (born 1962) are brothers and English conceptual artists who work almost exclusively in collaboration with each other. They came to prominence as part of the Young British Artists movement promoted by Charles Saatchi. The brothers have often made pieces with plastic models or fibreglass mannequins of people. Their mother was an orthodox Greek Cypriot
Hell – 10,000 tiny Nazi soldiers. Destroyed in Momart warehouse fire in East London
Disasters of War by Goya was rendered into small 3D plastic models by Jake and Dinos Chapman
Jean-Baptiste-Simeon Chardin (1699 – 1779) was a master of still life and is also noted for his genre paintings which depict kitchen maids, children, and domestic activities
The Ray
Judy Chicago (born 1939) was a feminist artist
The Dinner Party – depicts place settings for 39 mythical and historical famous women throughout history
Georgio de Chirico (1888 – 1978) was born in Volos, Greece, to a Genovese mother and a Sicilian father. He founded the ‘scuola metafisica’ art movement, which influenced the surrealists. Many paintings of mannequins
The Song of Love
Melancholy and Mystery of a Street
Frederic Church (1826 – 1900) was a central figure in the Hudson River School of American landscape painters, perhaps best known for painting large panoramic landscapes
Cimabue (c. 1240 – 1302) is generally regarded as the last great Italian painter working in the Byzantine tradition. The art of this period comprised scenes and forms that appeared relatively flat and highly stylized. He is also well known for his student Giotto, considered the first great artist of the Italian Renaissance
Chuck Close (born 1940) is an American portrait painter known for his massive-scale portraits
Thomas Cole (1801 – 1848) was born in Bolton. In 1818 his family emigrated to the United States. Landscape painter. He is regarded as the founder of the Hudson River School
The Course of Empire – series of five paintings depicting the growth and fall of an imaginary city
John Constable (1776 – 1837) was born in East Bergholt, Suffolk
The Haywain – features the River Stour. Alternative name is Landscape Noon
Flatford Mill
Dedham Mill
Salisbury Cathedral from the Meadows
The Leaping Horse
Sky Study with a Shaft of Sunlight
The Opening of Waterloo Bridge
John Singleton Copley (1738 – 1815) is famous for his portrait paintings of important figures in colonial New England
The Death of the Earl of Chatham
The Death of Major Peirson
Lovis Corinth (1858 – 1925). German expressionist painter who joined the Berlin Secession group
The Red Christ
Joseph Cornell (1903 – 1972) was an American artist and sculptor, one of the pioneers and most celebrated exponents of assemblage. He was also an experimental filmmaker
Jean-Baptiste Camille Corot (1796 – 1875) was a French landscape painter and printmaker in etching
Ville d’Avray
Macbeth and the Witches
The Bridge at Narni
Antonio Allegri da Correggio (1489 – 1534) was the foremost painter of the Parma school of the Italian Renaissance
Correggio conceived a set of paintings depicting the Loves of Jupiter as described in Ovid's Metamorphoses. The voluptuous series was commissioned by Federico II Gonzaga of Mantua
Juan Sanchez Cotan (1560 – 1627) was a Spanish Baroque painter, a pioneer of realism in Spain. His still life – also called bodegones – were painted in an austere style
John Cotman (1782 – 1842) was an English marine and landscape painter, etcher, illustrator and author, a leading member of the Norwich school of artists
Gustave Courbet (1819 – 1877) led the Realist movement in 19th century French painting
L'Origine du Monde – picture of a hirsute lady
A Burial at Ornans
The Artist’s Studio
David Cox (1783 – 1859) was one of the most important members of the Birmingham School of landscape artists and an early precursor of impressionism. He is considered one of the greatest English landscape painters, and a major figure of the Golden age of English watercolour
Lucas Cranach the Elder (1472 – 1553) was a German Renaissance painter and printmaker in woodcut and engraving. He was court painter to the Electors of Saxony for most of his career
Cupid Complaining to Venus
Adam and Eve
paintings of Martin Luther
Lucas Cranach the Younger (1515 – 1586) was known for his woodcuts and paintings. Son of Lucas Cranach the Elder
Walter Crane (1845 – 1915). He is considered to be the most influential, and among the most prolific, children’s book creator of his generation
The Horses of Neptune
Henri-Edmond Cross (1856 – 1910) was a master of Neo-impressionism, and played an important role in shaping the second phase of that movement. He was very influential to Henri Matisse and his work was an instrumental influence in the development of Fauvism
Aelbert Cuyp (1620 – 1691) was one of the leading Dutch landscape painters of the Dutch Golden Age. He is especially known for his large views of the Dutch countryside
Richard Dadd (1817 – 1886), an English painter of the Victorian era, noted for his depictions of fairies and other supernatural subjects. Painted while Dadd was confined in Bedlam psychiatric hospital. Richard Dadd formed the group of British artists known as The Clique
The Fairy Feller's Master-Stroke
Johan Christian Dahl (1788 – 1857) was a Norwegian artist who is considered the first great romantic painter in Norway, the founder of the "golden age" of Norwegian painting. He is often described as "the father of Norwegian landscape painting"
Salvador Dali (1904 – 1989) was inspired by the shock of Hiroshima and the dawning of the atomic age, and labeled this period ‘Nuclear Mysticism’. Dali’s wife Gali was previously married to surrealist poet Paul Eluard. Dali lived in St Petersburg, Florida. Dali returned from USA to Spain after WWII and became a catholic. Published Mystical Manifesto. Between 1941 and 1970, Dali created an ensemble of 39 jewels. The most famous jewel, The Royal Heart, is made of gold and is encrusted with 46 rubies, 42 diamonds, and four emeralds and is created in such a way that the centre ‘beats’ much like a real heart
The Persistence of Memory
Leda Atomica
Christ of Saint John of the Cross – in 1993, the painting was moved to Glasgow's St Mungo Museum of Religious Life and Art but returned to Kelvingrove for its reopening in 2006. Yellow boat at Port Lligat at bottom of painting
Soft Construction with Boiled Beans: Premonition of Civil War
The Great Masturbator
Mae West Lips Sofa (1937) is a surrealist sofa
Lobster Telephone
Francis Danby (1793 – 1861) was an Irish painter of the Romantic era. His imaginative, dramatic landscapes were comparable to those of John Martin
The Shipwreck
The Deluge
Charles-Francois Daubigny (1817 – 1878) was one of the painters of the Barbizon school, and is considered an important precursor of Impressionism
Honore Daumier (1808 – 1879) was a French printmaker, caricaturist, painter, and sculptor, whose many works offer commentary on social and political life in France in the 19th century. He is known for his caricatures of political figures and satires on the behavior of his countrymen
Jacques-Louis David (1748 – 1825) became an active supporter of the French Revolution and friend of Robespierre, and was effectively a dictator of the arts under the French Republic. Imprisoned after Robespierre's fall from power, he aligned himself with Napoleon I. It was at this time that he developed his Empire style, notable for its use of warm Venetian colours
The Death of Marat – 1793 painting of Jean-Paul Marat lying dead in his bath after being murdered by Charlotte Corday
The Death of Socrates
Napoleon Crossing the Alps – idealized view of the real crossing that Napoleon and his army made across the Alps through the Great St. Bernard Pass in May 1800
Oath of the Horatii – fathers giving swords to Roman sons
The Intervention of the Sabine Women
The Coronation of Napoleon
Oath of the Tennis Court
The Lictors Bringing to Brutus the Bodies of His Sons
Stuart Davis (1892 – 1964) was an early American modernist painter. He was well known for his jazz-influenced, proto pop art paintings of the 1940s and 1950s, bold, brash, and colorful, as well as his ashcan pictures in the early years of the 20th century
Edgar Degas (1834 – 1917) is regarded as one of the founders of Impressionism, although he rejected the term, preferring to be called a realist. He was a superb draftsman, and particularly masterly in depicting movement, as can be seen in his renditions of dancers, racecourse subjects and female nudes. He was born in Paris, the son of a banker. Degas is also famous for bronze sculptures of dancers
Rehearsal
L’Absinthe
Eugene Delacroix (1798 – 1863)
Liberty Leading the People – hung in the Louvre. Celebrates July Revolution of 1830 against Charles X. Liberty wears a Phyrgian bonnet and is on a barricade
Massacre at Chios
The Death of Sardanapalus
Paul Delaroche (1797 – 1856)
The Execution of Lady Jane Grey
Hemicycle – a mural 27m long. Also known as The Artists of All Times
Robert Delaunay (1885 – 1941) was a French artist who, with his wife Sonia Delaunay and others, cofounded the Orphism art movement, noted for its use of strong colours and geometric shapes. The movement also aimed to express the ideals of Simultanism: the existence of an infinitude of interrelated states of being
Eiffel Tower series
City of Paris series
Window series
Cardiff Team series
Circular Forms series
Sonia Delaunay (1885 – 1979) was born Sonia Terk in Russia. Her work extends to painting, textile design and stage set design. She was the first living female artist to have a retrospective exhibition at the Louvre in 1964
Jeremy Deller (born 1966) is an English conceptual, video and installation artist. Won the Turner Prize in 2004
Battle of Orgreave
It Is What It Is – a car destroyed by a car bomb in Iraq
Charles Demuth (1883 – 1935) was an American watercolorist who turned to oils late in his career, developing a style of painting known as Precisionism
I Saw the Figure 5 in Gold
Maurice Denis (1870 – 1943) was a member of the Symbolist and Les Nabis movements. His theories contributed to the foundations of cubism, fauvism, and abstract art
Andre Derain (1888 – 1954) was the co-founder of Fauvism with Matisse
Charing Cross Bridge
Jim Dine (born 1935) is an American pop artist. He is sometimes considered to be a part of the Neo-Dada movement. Known for his Happenings series of performance art
Otto Dix (1891 – 1969) represented his traumatic experiences in World War I in many subsequent works, including a portfolio of fifty etchings called Der Krieg, published in 1924
Prager Strasse
Skat Players
William Dobson (1611 – 1646) was a portraitist and one of the first notable English painters. Dobson was based at the Royalist centre of Oxford and painted many leading Cavaliers
Peter Doig (born 1959) is a Scottish painter. Since 2002 he has lived in Trinidad
White Canoe – sold at Sotheby's in 2007 for $11.3 million, then an auction record for a living European artist
The Architect's Home in the Ravine
Gustave Dore (1832 – 1883) was a French artist, engraver, illustrator and sculptor. Dore worked primarily with wood engraving and steel engraving. Provided illustrations for the English Bible (1866). His engravings illustrated The Divine Comedy
Jean Dubuffet (1901 – 1985) coined the term Art Brut (meaning ‘raw art’, sometimes referred to as ‘outsider art’) for art produced by non-professionals working outside aesthetic norms
Marcel Duchamp (1887 – 1968) The readymades of Marcel Duchamp are ordinary manufactured objects that the artist selected and modified, e.g. Fountain (1917) signed R. Mutt
Nude Descending a Staircase, No. 2
The Bride Stripped Bare by Her Bachelors, Even, most often called The Large Glass
L.H.O.O.Q. is a cheap postcard reproduction of Leonardo da Vinci's Mona Lisa onto which Duchamp drew a moustache and beard in pencil
Raoul Dufy (1877 – 1953) was a French Fauvist painter. He developed a colourful, decorative style that became fashionable for designs for ceramics, textiles and decorative schemes for public buildings. He is noted for scenes of open-air social events
Homage to Mozart
Regatta at Cowes
Albrecht Durer (1471 – 1528) was born and died in Nuremberg and is best known for his prints, often executed in series
Apocalypse
Great Passion
Little Passion
Knight, Death, and the Devil – engravings
Saint Jerome in his Study
Melencolia I
Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse – woodcuts
Rhinoceros
Triumphal Arch
Triumphs of Maximilian – huge woodcut project by Durer, commissioned by Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor
Revelation of St John
Praying Hands
Tracey Emin (born 1963) is one of the Young British Artists
In 1997, her work Everyone I Have Ever Slept With 1963–1995, a tent appliquéd with names, was shown at Charles Saatchi's Sensation exhibition held at the Royal Academy
In 1999 was a Turner Prize nominee and exhibited My Bed
Emin was appointed Professor of Drawing at the Royal Academy in 2011
James Ensor (1860 – 1949) was a Belgian painter and printmaker, an important influence on expressionism and surrealism who lived in Ostend for almost his entire life. He was associated with the artistic group Les XX
Max Ernst (1891 – 1976) was born in Germany. Ernst was one of the primary pioneers of the Dada movement and Surrealism. Buried at the Pere Lachaise Cemetery
The Elephant Celebes, Europe after the Rain – Max Ernst
Man Shall Know Nothing of This – Max Ernst
Carel Fabritius (1622 – 1654) was a pupil of Rembrandt and a member of the Delft School. Among his works are A View of Delft, The Goldfinch, and The Sentry
Henri Fantin-Latour (1836 – 1904) was a French painter and lithographer best known for his flower paintings and group portraits of Parisian artists and writers
Market Church in Halle – Lyonel Feininger (1871 – 1956)
Feininger designed the cover for the Bauhaus 1919 manifesto: an expressionist woodcut 'cathedral'. He taught at the Bauhaus for several years
Jean Fouquet (1420 – 1481) was a French painter of the 15th century, a master of both panel painting and manuscript illumination, and the apparent inventor of the portrait miniature
The Resurrection – Piero della Francesca (1415 – 1492), is in the city of Sancepolcro in Tuscany. Aldous Huxley called The Resurrection ‘the best picture in the world’. True fresco technique. Christ carries a white flag with a red cross. Anthony Clarke stopped shelling in WWII to save the picture, even though he had never seen it
The Baptism of Christ – Piero della Francesca. Painted in 1450. Housed in the National Gallery
Helen Frankenthaler (1928 – 2011) was an American abstract expressionist painter. She was a major contributor to the history of postwar American painting
Jean-Honore Fragonard (1732 – 1806) was a French rococo painter. The Swing is in the
Wallace Collection
A Young Girl Reading – Fragonard
Lucian Freud (1922 – 2011) was born in Berlin. Grandson of Sigmund Freud. Married Kitty Garman, then Caroline Blackwood. Painted with Cremnitz white
Portrait of the Queen – Lucian Freud, 2001
Benefits Supervisor Sleeping – Lucian Freud. Portrait of Sue Tilley
Caspar David Friedrich (1774 – 1840) was a German Romantic landscape painter, generally considered the most important of the movement. He is best known for his mid-period allegorical landscapes which typically feature contemplative figures silhouetted against night skies, morning mists, barren trees or Gothic ruins
Friedrich’s wife Caroline Bommer was his model in a number of paintings
Moonrise over the Sea – Caspar David Friedrich
Chalk Cliffs of Rugen – Friedrich
The Derby Day – William Powell Frith (1819 – 1909). The original version is in Tate Britain
Frith has been described as the “greatest British painter of the social scene since Hogarth”
Lady Macbeth Seizing the Daggers – Henry Fuseli (1741 – 1825)
Henry Fuseli was born in Zurich. He favoured portraying the supernatural and his works include The Nightmare, which depicts a sleeping woman with an incubus on her stomach
Mr and Mrs Andrews – Thomas Gainsborough (1727 – 1788)
Mrs Sarah Siddons – Gainsborough, 1785
The Blue Boy – Gainsborough. Portrait of Jonathan Buttall
Mr and Mrs William Hallett (The Morning Walk) – Gainsborough
Gainsborough painted portraits of his daughters. Born in Suffolk
Gainsborough did a number of paintings of David Garrick
Jacob Wrestling with the Angel – Paul Gauguin (1848 – 1903)
The Green Christ is a painting by Paul Gauguin. Together with The Yellow Christ, it is considered to be one of the key-works of Symbolism in painting
Gauguin was a Parisian stockbroker, and a Post-Impressionist artist
In 1873, Gauguin married a Danish woman, Mette-Sophie Gad
Paul Gauguin spent his last years on the Marquesas Islands, in French Polynesia. Many paintings of Tahitian women
Gauguin was also an influential proponent of wood engraving and woodcuts as art forms
Artemisia Gentileschi (1593 – 1656) was an Italian Early Baroque painter, today considered one of the most accomplished painters in the generation influenced by Caravaggio. In an era when women painters were not easily accepted by the artistic community, she was the first female painter to become a member of the Accademia di Arte del Disegno in Florence
Portrait of the Empress Josephine – Francois Gerard (1770 – 1837)
The Raft of the Medusa – 1819 painting by Theodore Gericault (1791 – 1824). Medusa was a frigate that set sail from France for Senegal in 1816. Displayed in the Louvre
Ditchley Portrait by Marcus Gheeraerts (1561 – 1636) is a 1592 portrait of Elizabeth I displayed in the National Portrait Gallery
Gilbert & George – Gilbert Proesch (born 1943 in Italy) and George Passmore (born 1942 in Plymouth). The two first met in 1967 while studying sculpture at St Martin’s School of Art. For many years, Gilbert & George have been residents of Spitalfields. The pair are perhaps best known for their large scale photo works, known as The Pictures
Francoise Gilot (born 1921) is a French born painter. She is also known as the lover and artistic muse of Pablo Picasso from 1944 to 1953, and the mother of his children, Claude Picasso and Paloma Picasso. The film Surviving Picasso is seen through the eyes of Gilot
Giorgione (c. 1477 – 1510) was an Italian painter of the High Renaissance in Venice. Pupil of Giovanni Bellini. Giorgione is known for the elusive poetic quality of his work
Works include Sleeping Venus and The Tempest
Giotto di Bondone (1267 – 1337) – master work is the Arena Chapel cycle of the Cappella degli Scrovegni in Padua depicting the life of the Virgin and the passion of Christ. He drew a perfect circle when the Pope wanted to see his work
Ognissanti Madonna – Giotto
Giotto was a shepherd, born in Tuscany
Giotto was a student of Cimabue
A friend and rival of J. M. W. Turner, Thomas Girtin (1775 – 1802) played a key role in establishing watercolour as a reputable art form
Albert Gleizes (1881 – 1953) was a founder of Cubism and an influence on the School of Paris. Albert Gleizes and Jean Metzinger wrote the first major treatise on Cubism, Du Cubisme, in 1912
Natalia Goncharova (1881 – 1962) was a Russian avant-garde artist (Cubo-Futurism). Together with her husband Mikhail Larionov she first developed Rayonism. They were the main progenitors of the pre-Revolution Russian avant-garde organising the Donkey's Tail exhibition of 1912
The Flowers – Natalia Goncharova, was sold in 2008 for $10.8 million
Cyclist – Natalia Goncharova
Arshile Gorky (1905 – 1948) was an Armenian-born American painter who had a seminal influence on Abstract Expressionism. As such, his works were often speculated to have been informed by the suffering and loss he experienced of the Armenian genocide. Works include The Artist and his Mother
The Black Paintings are a group of paintings by Francisco Goya (1746 – 1828), full name Francisco Jose de Goya y Lucientes, created in the later years of his life that portray intense, haunting themes
The Disasters of War – painted by Goya, depicts scenes from the Peninsular War
Goya was court painter to Charles IV
The Second of May 1808, also known as The Charge of the Mamelukes is a painting by Goya. Hung in the Prado
The Third of May 1808: The Execution of the Defenders of Madrid is an 1814 oil painting by Goya. It depicts a scene from the Spanish war of liberation when many innocent citizens were shot by Napoleon's troops the morning following a popular uprising in Madrid. Hung in the Prado
Two of Goya's best known paintings are The Nude Maja (La maja desnuda) and The Clothed Maja (La maja vestida). They depict the same woman in the same pose, naked and clothed, respectively
El Coloso – Goya
Portrait of the Duke of Wellington by Goya was stolen from the National Gallery in 1961 and recovered in 1965
Los Caprichos are a set of 80 aquatint prints created by Goya. The work was an enlightened, tour-de-force critique of 18th-century Spain, and humanity in general
Goya was court painter to Charles IV of Spain
Many of Goya's works are on display in the Museo del Prado in Madrid
Goya became deaf
Duncan Grant (1885 – 1978) was a member of the Bloomsbury Group. He often worked with, and was influenced by Roger Fry. As well as painting landscapes and portraits, Fry designed textiles and ceramics
El Greco (1541 – 1614) was born in Crete, real name Domenikos Theotokopoulos. Lived in Toledo. The Burial of the Count of Orgaz is widely considered to be El Greco's best-known work. He is best known for tortuously elongated figures and often fantastic or phantasmagorical pigmentation
The Disrobing of Christ – El Greco
Juan Gris (1888 – 1927) was known as ‘the third cubist’. Born in Madrid
Dedicated to Oskar Panizza – George Grosz (1893 – 1959). He was a prominent member of the Berlin Dada and New Objectivity group during the Weimar Republic before he emigrated to the United States in 1933
The Pillars of Society – George Grosz
Isenheim Altarpiece is an altarpiece painted by the German artist Matthias Grunewald (c. 1470 – 1528) from 1506 to 1515. It is on display at the Unterlinden Museum at Colmar, Alsace
Francesco Guardi (1712 – 1793) was a Venetian painter of veduta, a member of the Venetian School. He is considered to be among the last practitioners of the classic Venetian school of painting
Flight from Etna (1938), Crucifixion (1941) and La Vucciria (1974) – Renato Guttuso (1912 – 1987). Italian painter and anti-Fascist
Frans Hals (1580 – 1666) was born in Antwerp. Laughing Cavalier painted in 1624, and displayed at the Wallace Collection. Frans Hals museum in Haarlem
Young Man with a Skull – Franz Hals
Franz Hals painted large group portraits, for local civic guards and for the regents of local hospitals
Just What Is It that Makes Today's Homes So Different, So Appealing by Richard Hamilton (1922 – 2011) is considered by critics and historians to be one of the early works of Pop Art
Hommage a Chrysler Corp – Richard Hamilton
Myra – Marcus Harvey (born 1963). Portrayal of Moors murderer Myra Hindley, created from handprints taken from a plaster cast of a child’s hand, and shown in the Sensation exhibition at the Royal Academy of Art in 1997. The painting had to be temporarily removed from display for repair after it was attacked in two separate incidents on the opening day
Childe Hassam (1859 – 1935) was a prolific American Impressionist painter, noted for his urban and coastal scenes. Hassam was instrumental in promulgating Impressionism to American collectors
Mona Hatoum (born 1952 in Beirut) is a Palestinian video artist and installation artist. In 2000, her work The Entire World as a Foreign Land was at the inaugural launch of the Tate Britain
Glass Day – Erich Heckel (1883 – 1970). Heckel was a founding member of the Die Brucke group. In 1937 the Nazi Party declared his work "degenerate"
Patrick Heron (1920 – 1999) was an abstract artist born in Leeds and based in St Ives
Nicholas Hilliard (c. 1547 – 1619) was an English goldsmith best known for his portrait miniatures of members of the courts of Elizabeth I and James I. He mostly painted small oval miniatures
Hiroshige (1797 – 1858) was a Japanese ukiyo-e artist. Series of works include The Fifty-three Stations of the Tōkaidō, The Sixty-nine Stations of the Kisokaidō, One Hundred Famous Views of Edo
Hannah Hoch (1889 – 1978) was a German Dada artist. She is best known for her work of the Weimar period, when she was one of the originators of photomontage
David Hockney (born in 1937 in Bradford) was important contributor to the Pop art movement of the 1960s
Mr and Mrs Clark and Percy (1970) is a picture of fashion designers Celia Birtwell and Ossie Clark. Percy is a white cat
A Bigger Splash (1967) – David Hockney
Howard Hodgkin (born 1932) is an abstract artist. In 1984, Hodgkin represented Britain at the Venice Biennale, in 1985 he won the Turner Prize, and in 1992 he was knighted
William Hogarth (1697 – 1764) was an English painter, printmaker, pictorial satirist, social critic, and editorial cartoonist. His work ranged from realistic portraiture to comic strip-like series of pictures called "modern moral subjects"
The Shrimp Girl – William Hogarth
A Rakes Progress – set of eight pictures by William Hogarth
Marriage a-la-Mode – set of six pictures by William Hogarth
A Harlot’s Progress – series of six plates by William Hogarth
Gin Lane – Hogarth
The Beggar’s Opera – Hogarth
The Four Stages of Cruelty is a series of four printed engravings published by William Hogarth in 1751. Each print depicts a different stage in the life of the fictional Tom Nero
Hogarth's House in Chiswick is now a museum
36 Views of Mount Fuji, is an ukiyo-e series of 36 large, color woodblock prints by the Japanese artist Katsushika Hokusai (c. 1760 – 1849). Includes The Great Wave off Kanagawa, which has three rowing boats under the pyramidal wave
Hans Holbein (1497 – 1543) painted many portraits at the court of Henry VIII
The Ambassadors (1533) is a painting by Hans Holbein in the National Gallery. The sitters, both Frenchmen, were Jean de Dinteville, who was ambassador to England and Georges de Selve. Contains a skull, rendered in anamorphic perspective, which is meant to be nearly subliminal as the viewer must approach the painting nearly from the side of the painting to see the form morph into a completely accurate rendering of a human skull
1523 portrait of Erasmus – Holbein
Holbein painted Christina of Denmark, who turned down Henry VIII’s proposal, before he painted Anne of Cleves in 1539
Portrait of a Lady with a Squirrel and a Starling – Holbein
Winslow Homer (1836 – 1910) was an American painter who lived in Northumberland from 1881to1882. Many paintings of sea views
Pieter de Hooch (1629 – 1684) was a genre painter during the Dutch Golden Age. He was a contemporary and archrival of Dutch Master Jan Vermeer, with whom his work shared themes and style
Edward Hopper (1882 – 1967) was an American realist painter and printmaker
Nighthawks is a 1942 painting by Edward Hopper that portrays four people in a downtown diner late at night. Displayed at the Art Institute of Chicago
House by the Railroad – Edward Hopper. First painting purchased by MOMA
Edward Hopper always used his wife, Jo, as his model
Madonna and Husband – painting by Peter Howson (born 1958). He was the British official war artist in the 1993 Bosnian Civil War
One of the founders of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood, William Holman Hunt (1827 – 1910) travelled to the Holy Land in the 1850s
The Light of the World is an allegorical painting by William Holman Hunt representing the figure of Jesus preparing to knock on an overgrown and long-unopened door
The Awakening Conscience – William Holman Hunt. Annie Miller was the model
The Scapegoat, The Hireling Shepherd – William Holman Hunt
Napoleon I on his Imperial Throne – Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres (1780 – 1867)
Odalisque with a Slave, The Turkish Bath – Ingres
La Source – Ingres
Alexei von Jawlensky (1864 – 1941) was a Russian expressionist painter active in Germany. He was a member of the Blue Rider group
Portrait of Alexander Sakharoff – Alexei von Jawlensky
Augustus John (1878 – 1961) was born in Tenby. He was married to Dorothy ‘Dorelia’ McNeill
Gwen John (1876 – 1939) was a Welsh artist who worked in France for most of her career. She was a mistress of Rodin. Brother of Augustus John
Jasper Johns (born 1930) is best known for his painting Flag, a 1954 painting of the US flag (with 48 stars). It is an encaustic painting, using heated beeswax to which coloured pigments are added
Target with Four Faces – Jasper Johns
White Flag, Three Flags – Jasper Johns
Jasper Johns and Robert Rauschenburg were long term lovers
General Gordon’s Last Stand – George W. Joy (1844 – 1925)
Wassily Kandinsky (1866 – 1944) was a Russian artist. Member of the Blaue Reiter group
From 1909 onward, Kandinsky began to divide his more important works into three categories: Impressions, Improvisations, and Compositions
Kandinsky taught at the Bauhaus from 1922 to 1933
Portrait of Sir Joshua Reynolds – Angelica Kauffman (1741 – 1807). Kauffman was a Swiss-Austrian Neoclassical painter
Frida Kahlo (1907 – 1954) was a Mexican painter married to artist Diego Rivera. Many self-portraits
Still Life Painting of Watermelon with the words ‘Viva La Vida’ – Frida Kahlo
Ellsworth Kelly (born 1923) is associated with hard-edge painting, Color Field painting and the Minimalist school
Blue Green Red – Ellsworth Kelly
Artiste (Marcella), Potsdamer Platz – Ernst Kirchner (1880 – 1938). Kirchner was a founding member of the Die Brucke group
Berlin Street Scene, Self-Portrait as a Soldier – Kirchner
R.B. Kitaj (1932 – 2007) was an American artist with Jewish roots who spent much of his life in England. Kitaj had a significant influence on British Pop art
Paul Klee (1879 – 1940) was born in Switzerland. Affiliated to the Blaue Reiter. Taught at the Bauhaus with Kandinsky
Twittering Machine, Fish Magic, Red Balloon – Paul Klee
Yves Klein (1928 – 1962) was the leading member of the French artistic movement of Nouveau realisme founded in 1960. Klein was a pioneer in the development of Performance art
International Klein Blue (IKB) is a deep blue hue first mixed by Yves Klein. IKB's visual impact comes from its heavy reliance on Ultramarine
Gustav Klimt (1862 – 1918) was an Austrian Symbolist painter and one of the most prominent members of the Vienna Art Nouveau (Vienna Secession) movement
The Kiss – Klimt. Hung in Belvedere Gallery, Vienna. Painted in 1908. Originally called The Lovers
Danae – Klimt
Beethoven Frieze – Klimt. Based on ninth symphony. Contains an image of Mahler. Now on permanent display in the Vienna Secession Building
Klimt used gold leaf in a number of paintings in his ‘Golden Phase’
Judith and the Head of Holofernes – Klimt
Hilma af Klint (1862 – 1944) was a Swedish artist and mystic whose paintings were amongst the first abstract art
Christen Kobke (1810 – 1848) is one of the best known artists belonging to the Golden Age of Danish Painting
Oskar Kokoschka (1886 – 1980) was an Austrian artist and poet of Czech origin, best known for his intense expressionistic portraits and landscapes
The Bride of the Wind or The Tempest – Oskar Kokoschka. Picture of Kokoschka and his lover Alma Mahler
Kathe Kollwitz (1867 – 1945) was a German painter, printmaker, and sculptor whose work offered an eloquent and often searing account of the human condition in the first half of the 20th century. Her work embraced the victims of poverty, hunger, and war
Willem de Kooning (1904 – 1997) was born in Rotterdam. Married abstract expressionist painter Elaine Marie Fried, later known as Elaine de Kooning, in 1943
Woman series – Willem de Kooning
Lee Krasner (1908 – 1984) was an influential American abstract expressionist painter in the second half of the 20th century. In 1945, she married artist Jackson Pollock
Utagawa Kuniyoshi (1797 – 1861) was one of the great masters of the ‘floating world’, or ukiyo-e, school of Japanese art, that depicted the entertainment district (or floating world) of Edo, now Tokyo
Yayoi Kusama (born 1929) is a Japanese artist and writer. Throughout her career she has worked in a wide variety of mediums, including painting, collage, sculpture, performance art and environmental installations, most of which exhibit her thematic interest in psychedelic colours, repetition and pattern. Known as the “Princess of polka dots”. A major retrospective of her work was held at Tate Modern in 2012
Dignity and Impudence – dogs in a Edwin Henry Landseer (1802 – 1873) painting
Laying Down the Law, Monarch of the Glen – Landseer
Laying Down the Law satirizes the legal profession. It depicts dogs in the roles of members of the court with a French poodle centre stage as the judge
Man Proposes, God Disposes – Landseer. Features two polar bears eating dead men from the Franklin expedition
Michael Landy (born 1963) is best known for the performance piece installation Break Down (2001), in which he destroyed all his possessions, and for the Art Bin project at the South London Gallery
Thomas Lawrence (1769 – 1830) was a leading English portrait painter and president of the Royal Academy. He is particularly remembered as the Romantic portraitist of the Regency
Mark Leckey (born 1964) won the 2008 Turner Prize for his exhibition Industrial Lights and Magic, which included Felix the Cat
Fernand Leger (1881 – 1955) was a French painter, sculptor, and filmmaker. In his early works he created a personal form of Cubism which he gradually modified into a more figurative, populist style. Forerunner of pop art
The Three Women – Leger
Flaming June – Frederic Leighton (1830 – 1896). Leighton was the first painter to be given a peerage, in the New Year Honours List of 1896, becoming Baron Leighton, of Stretton in Shropshire. Leighton died the next day
Peter Lely (1618 – 1680) was a painter of Dutch origin. Portrait artist to Charles I. His talent ensured that his career was not interrupted by Charles's execution, and he served Oliver Cromwell, whom he painted "warts and all", and Richard Cromwell
Tamara de Lempicka (1898 – 1980) was born Maria Gorska in a wealthy family in Warsaw, and died in Mexico. Influenced by Cubism, Lempicka became the leading representative of the Art Deco style across two continents, and a favourite artist of many Hollywood stars
The Musician – Lempicka
In 1925, Lempicka painted her iconic work Auto-Portrait (Tamara in the Green Bugatti) for the cover of the German fashion magazine Die Dame
Leonardo da Vinci (1452 – 1519) was born in Vinci, Tuscany
Mona Lisa – short for ‘Madonna Lisa’, portrait of Lisa Gerardini, the wife of a Florence cloth merchant. Painted c. 1503. First owned by Francis I. Stolen in 1911 by Vincenzo Peruga. Painted in oil on a panel made from poplar
Georgio Vasari gave the name Mona Lisa to the painting known as La Giaconda
Vitruvian Man – Leonardo da Vinci. The drawing, which is in pen and ink on paper, depicts a male figure in two superimposed positions with his arms and legs apart and simultaneously inscribed in a circle and square. The drawing is based on the correlations of ideal human proportions with geometry described by the ancient Roman architect Vitruvius in Book III of his treatise De Architectura
The Last Supper – painted by Leonardo da Vinci onto the walls of the Convent of Santa Maria delle Grazie near Milan, Commissioned by Ludovico Sforza, also known as Ludovico the Moor
Il Cenacolo – The Last Supper
Jesus and the 12 apostles are in da Vinci’s The Last Supper
The Virgin of the Rocks (sometimes the Madonna of the Rocks) is the usual title used for both of two different paintings with almost identical compositions, which are at least largely by Leonardo da Vinci. They are in the Louvre and the National Gallery, London. The Louvre version features in The Da Vinci Code
Adoration of the Magi by Leonardo da Vinci (1481), was unfinished
The Lady with an Ermine – Leonardo da Vinci
Christ as Salvator Mundi – Leonardo da Vinci
Leonardo da Vinci was court painter to Francis I of France in the last few years of his life
Madonna Litta – Da Vinci painting in the Hermitage
Washington Crossing the Delaware is an 1851 painting by German American Artist Emanuel Leutze (1816 – 1868). It is in commemoration of Washington's crossing of the Delaware on 25 December 1776 before the Battle of Trenton
The Crowd – Wyndham Lewis (1882 – 1957). He was a co-founder of the Vorticist movement, and edited the literary magazine of the Vorticists, BLAST
Little Big Painting – Roy Lichtenstein (1923 – 1997)
Whaam! (1963) – Roy Lichtenstein. Displayed at Tate Modern
Look Mickey (1961) is regarded as the bridge between Roy Lichtenstein’s abstract expressionism and pop art works
Drowning Girl – Roy Lichtenstein
Lichtenstein paintings based on DC Comics’ Secret Hearts magazine and All-American Men of War
Max Liebermann (1847 – 1935) was a German-Jewish painter and printmaker, and one of the leading proponents of Impressionism in Germany
Filippo Lippi (1406 – 1469) was an Early Renaissance Italian artist
Filippino Lippi (1459 – 1504) was the illegitimate son of Filippo Lippi
Apparition of the Virgin to St. Bernard – Filippino Lippi
El Lissitsky (1890 – 1941) was an important figure of the Russian avant garde, helping develop suprematism with his mentor, Kazimir Malevich, and designing numerous exhibition displays and propaganda works for the former Soviet Union. His work greatly influenced the Bauhaus and constructivist movements, and he experimented with production techniques and stylistic devices that would dominate 20th century graphic design
Liu Bolin (born 1973) is a Chinese artist. He makes photographs of himself camouflage-painted to blend in with the background. One series is called Hiding In The City
Richard Long (born 1945) is an English sculptor, photographer and painter, one of the best known British land artists
A Line Made by Walking – first Richard Long work
Richard Long is the only artist to be shortlisted for the Turner Prize four times, and he is reputed to have refused the prize in 1984. He was nominated in 1984, 1987, 1988 and he then won the award in 1989 for White Water Line
Pietro Longhi (1701 – 1785) was a Venetian painter of contemporary scenes of life
Clara the rhinoceros – Pietro Longhi. This rhinoceros was exhibited in Venice in 1751
View of Carthage with Dido and Aeneas, Coast View, Landscape with Apollo and Mercury – Claude Lorrain (1600 – 1682), French landscape painter who inspired Turner. Born Claude Gellee, known as Claude. Many paintings in pairs – seascapes are paired with landscapes, and sunsets with sunrises
Seaport with the Embarkation of the Queen of Sheba – Claude Lorrain
LS Lowry (1887 – 1976) was a rent collector. Lowry is famous for painting scenes of life in the industrial districts of North West England. Many of his drawings and paintings depict Pendlebury, where he lived and worked for more than 40 years and also Salford and its surrounding areas
Lowry turned down a knighthood, an OBE and a CBE. Painted many portraits of ‘Ann’
Pauline Bunny – Sarah Lucas (born 1962). Her works frequently employ visual puns and bawdy humour
The White Rose and the Red Rose – Margaret MacDonald (1864 – 1933), wife of Charles Rennie Mackintosh. Her design work became one of the defining features of the “Glasgow Style” during the 1890s
August Macke (1887 – 1914) was a member of Der Blaue Reiter. He visited Tunisia with Paul Klee. Macke's career was cut short by his early death at the front in Champagne in September 1914
Daniel Maclise (1806 – 1870) was an Irish history, literary and portrait painter, and illustrator, who worked for most of his life in London. In 1858, Maclise commenced one of the two great monumental works of his life, The Meeting of Wellington and Blücher, on the walls of Westminster Palace. The companion work is The Death of Nelson
The Hayfield – Ford Madox Brown (1821 – 1893)
Work, The Last of England – Ford Madox Brown
Ford Madox Brown was a teacher to Dante Gabriel Rossetti. Grandfather of Ford Madox Ford
Rene Magritte (1898 – 1967) was a surrealist artist born in Belgium
Le Viol (The Rape) – Rene Magritte. Female face with body parts
The Treachery of Images is subtitled ‘This is not a pipe’ – Magritte
Golconda – painting of men with bowler hats in the sky by Magritte
The Reckless Sleeper – Magritte
The Son of Man – Magritte. A man’s face is obscured by a green apple
Time Transfixed – Magritte. The painting depicts a locomotive jutting out of a fireplace, at full steam, in an empty room
Kazimir Malevich (1879 – 1935) was a Russian painter. He was a pioneer of geometric abstract art and the originator of the avant-garde, Suprematist movement
Black Square – Malevich. First Suprematist painting
Malevich – self-portrait wearing red hat. Signed late paintings with a black square. Involved with cubo-futurism. Organised 0.10 exhibition
Masked Ball at the Opera – Edouard Manet (1832 – 1883)
A Bar at the Folies-Bergere – Manet
The Execution of the Emperor Maximilian – Manet, 1867. Banned by censors. Parts of one painting were probably cut off by Manet
Olympia – pose based on Titian’s Venus of Urbino. The model, Victorine Meurent, went on to become an accomplished painter in her own right
Manet married Suzanne Leenhoff
Manet painted Berthe Morisot 11 times
Le déjeuner sur l'herbe was originally titled Le Bain (The Bath). Shown at Salon des Refuses in 1863. Model – Victorine Meurend. Hung in Musee d’Orsay
The Surprised Nymph – Manet
Olympia appears in background of Manet’s painting Portrait of Emile Zola
The Fifer or Young Flautist – Manet
Music in the Tuileries – Manet
Manet fought a sword duel with Durante
Andrea Mantegna (c. 1431 – 1506) was an Italian painter, a student of Roman archeology, and son in law of Jacopo Bellini. Like other artists of the time, Mantegna experimented with perspective
The Agony in the Garden – Mantegna. Housed in National Gallery
Presentation at the Temple, Calvary – paintings by Mantegna
Mantegna painted many frescoes in the Palazzo Ducale in Mantua
Artist’s Shit – Piero Manzoni (1933 – 1963)
Franz Marc (1880 – 1916) was a founder of Der Blaue Reiter. Many abstract paintings of brightly coloured animals. Killed at the Battle of Verdun in 1916
The Great Day of His Wrath, The Destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah – apocalyptic paintings by John Martin (1789 – 1854)
Simone Martini (c. 1284 – 1344) was an Italian painter born in Siena. He was a major figure in the development of early Italian painting and greatly influenced the development of the International Gothic style
Masaccio (1401 – 1428) was the first great painter of the Quattrocento (15th century) period of the Italian Renaissance. He was one of the first to use Linear perspective in his painting, employing techniques such as vanishing point in art for the first time
Henri Matisse (1869 – 1954) lived and died in Nice
Music, The Dance, The Snail, Icarus, Woman with a Hat, The Dessert: Harmony in Red, Odalisque with Arms Raised – Matisse
Jazz (1947) is an artist's book of about one hundred prints based on paper cutouts by Henri Matisse
Oceania, Zulma, Creole Dancer, Blue Nudes, The Parakeet and the Mermaid – Matisse
Luxe, Calme et Volupte – Henri Matisse. It was painted in 1904, after a summer spent working in St. Tropez on the French Riviera alongside the neo-Impressionist painters Paul Signac and Henri Edmond Cross. The painting is Matisse's most important work in which he used the Divisionist technique advocated by Signac
Matisse decorated the Chapel of the Rosary at Vence
A number of works by Matisse were purchased by Sergei Schukin, and are now displayed in The Hermitage
Quentin Matsys (1466 – 1530) was a founder of the Antwerp School. Born in Leuven
A Grotesque Old Woman (or The Ugly Duchess) is the best-known work by Quentin Matsys. It served as a basis for John Tenniel's depiction of the Duchess in Alice's Adventures in Wonderland. It is likely a depiction of a real person with Paget's disease
Steve McQueen (born 1969) went to Iraq as an official war artist in 2006. The following year he presented Queen and Country, a piece which commemorated the deaths of British soldiers who died in the Iraq War by presenting their portraits as a sheet of stamps. Won the Turner Prize in 1999
William McTaggart (1835 – 1910) was a landscape painter known as the “Scottish impressionist”
Hans Memling (1430 – 1494) was a German-born painter who moved to Flanders and worked in the tradition of Early Netherlandish painting, becoming one of the leading artists from the 1460s
Adolph Menzel (1815 – 1905) was noted for his drawings, etchings, and paintings. Along with Caspar David Friedrich, he is considered one of the two most prominent German artists of the 19th century
Jean Metzinger (1883 – 1956) was a major 20th century French painter, theorist, writer, critic and poet, who, along with Albert Gleizes developed the theoretical foundations of Cubism
Michelangelo Buonarroti (1475 – 1564) painted scenes from Genesis on the Sistine Chapel from 1509 to 1512
Michelangelo studied at the Medici Academy in Florence. Painted the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, which interrupted his building the tomb of Pope Julius II. The fresco of The Last Judgment on the altar wall of the Sistine Chapel was commissioned by Pope Clement VII, who died shortly after assigning the commission. St Bartholomew holds his flayed skin
The Madonna and Child with St John and Angels (c. 1497), also known as The Manchester Madonna, is an unfinished painting by Michelangelo in the National Gallery
While both were apprenticed to Bertoldo di Giovanni, Pietro Torrigiano struck the 17 year old on the nose, and thus caused that disfigurement which is so conspicuous in all the portraits of Michelangelo
Bubbles – John Everett Millais (1829 – 1896), bought by Pears to advertise their soap. William Milbourne James was the child model for Bubbles
Lorenzo and Isabella – Millais’s first pre-Raphaelite work, 1849. Signed PRB
The Boyhood of Raleigh – Millais. The painting depicts the young Sir Walter Raleigh
By the seawall at Budleigh Salterton
Christ in the House of His Parents – Millais
Mariana – Millais. Taken from Shakespeare’s play Measure for Measure
Millais's image of the tragic death of Ophelia, as she falls into the stream and drowns, is one of the best-known illustrations from Shakespeare's play Hamlet
Millais was granted a baronetcy by Gladstone in 1885, the first artist to be honoured with a hereditary title. After the death of Frederic Leighton in 1896, Millais was elected President of the Royal Academy
Jean-Francois Millet (1814 – 1875) was one of the founders of the Barbizon school in rural France. He is noted for his scenes of peasant farmers
One of the most well known of Millet's paintings is The Gleaners (1857), depicting women stooping in the fields to glean the leftovers from the harvest
1917 exhibition of nudes by Amedeo Modigliani (1884 – 1920) in Paris was closed down for obscenity. He destroyed practically all of his own early work
Modigliani’s lover, Jeanne Hebuterne, committed suicide two days after his death in 1920. He previously had an affair with Beatrice Hastings, and both were models
Joan Miro (1893 – 1983) was a Surrealist born in Barcelona
The Tilled Field, The Harlequin’s Carnival – Joan Miro
Piet Mondrian (1872 – 1944) was an important contributor to the De Stijl art movement and group, which was founded by Theo van Doesburg. He evolved a non-representational form which he termed Neo-Plasticism. This consisted of white ground, upon which was painted a grid of vertical and horizontal black lines and the three primary colors
Compositions, Victory Boogie Woogie – Mondrian
Claude Monet (1840 – 1926) served in Algeria with French Army, returning home with typhoid. Monet has cataracts in later life. Died at Giverny
Impression, Sunrise – Monet, led to Louis Leroy coining the term ‘impressionism’. Picture of Le Havre harbour
Monet did many paintings of rock arches at Etretat and Gare Saint Lazare in Paris
Monet presented water lilies paintings to the state in 1918. Hung in the Musée de l'Orangerie
Monet fled to London at start of Franco-Prussian war, and studied the works of Constable and Turner
Monet painted an unfinished version of Le déjeuner sur l'herbe in 1865
Hesiod and the Muse, Salome – Gustave Moreau (1826 – 1898). French symbolist artist
Berthe Morisot (1841 – 1895) was Manet’s sister-in-law, and also an impressionist painter
Malcolm Morley (born 1931) is best known as a photorealist. He won the inaugural Turner Prize in 1984
Anna Mary Moses, better known as Grandma Moses (1860 – 1961), was a renowned American folk artist
Koloman Moser (1868 – 1918) was an Austrian artist who exerted considerable influence on twentieth-century graphic art and one of the foremost artists of the Vienna Secession movement and a co-founder of Wiener Werkstatte
Robert Motherwell (1915 – 1991) was one of the youngest of the New York School. Many black and white abstract expressionist paintings. Married to Helen Frankenthaler
Alphonse Mucha (1860 – 1939) was a Czech Art Nouveau painter
The Slav Epic – Alphonse Mucha. A series of twenty huge paintings depicting the history of the Czech and the Slavic people in general
Mucha produced many advertisements, including an advertising poster for a play featuring Sarah Bernhardt
Edvard Munch (1863 – 1944) was a Norwegian Symbolist painter, printmaker and an important forerunner of expressionistic art. His best-known composition, The Scream, is part of a series The Frieze of Life, in which Munch explored the themes of life, love, fear, death, and melancholia. 105 versions of The Scream, five are painted. Landscape in the background is the Oslofjord, viewed from the hill of Ekeberg, in Oslo (then Kristiania). Originally known as Despair
Between the Clock and the Bed – Munch
Alfred Munnings (1878 – 1959) was known as one of England's finest painters of horses, and as an outspoken enemy of Modernism. War artist to the Canadian Cavalry Brigade in World War I
Gabrielle Munter (1877 – 1962) was a companion of Kandinsky. Bought a house in Murnau, where she died
Bartolome Murillo (1617 – 1692) was a Spanish Baroque painter. Although he is best known for his religious works, Murillo also produced a considerable number of paintings of poor women and children
John Nash (1893 – 1977) was the younger brother of Paul Nash. Fought in World War I in the Artists Rifles
Paul Nash (1889 – 1946) co-founded the Unit One art group with Henry Moore and Barbara Hepworth. Unit One was active from 1933 to 1935. Official war artist in World War I and World War II. Surrealist paintings of Avebury. Many paintings displayed at Imperial War Museum in London
Paul Nash illustrated the Shell Guide to Dorset
The Menin Road, We Are Making a New World – Paul Nash
Wittenham Clumps in Oxfordshire were repeatedly painted by Paul Nash
Christopher R. W. Nevinson (1889 – 1946) was an official war artist in World War I and a futurist artist
Paths of Glory, La Mitrailleuse, The Arrival – Christopher Nevinson
Barnett Newman (1905 – 1970) was one of the major figures in abstract expressionism and one of the foremost of the color field painters. Newman was born in New York City, the son of Jewish immigrants from Poland. Early works characterized by areas of colour separated by thin vertical lines, or "zips" as Newman called them
Ben Nicholson (1894 – 1982) was a British painter of abstract compositions (sometimes in low relief), landscape and still-life. Influenced by Picasso and Mondrian. Married to Barbara Hepworth
Sidney Nolan (1917 – 1992) was born in Australia. His most famous work is a series of stylized descriptions of the bushranger Ned Kelly in the Australian Outback
Emil Nolde (1867 – 1956) adopted his birthplace as a pseudonym. Emil Nolde was was one of the first Expressionists, and was a member of Die Brucke
Cow’s Skull: Red, White and Blue – Georgia O’Keeffe (1887 – 1986). She is best known for her paintings of enlarged flowers, New York skyscrapers, and New Mexico landscapes. Georgia O’Keeffe Museum is in Santa Fe
Georgia O’Keeffe was married to photographer Alfred Steiglitz
John Opie (1761 – 1807) was known as the “Cornish wonder”. He painted many great men and women of his day
Jean-Baptiste Oudry (1686 – 1755) was a French Rococo painter. He is particularly well known for his naturalistic pictures of animals and his hunt pieces depicting game
Clara the Rhinoceros – Oudry
Samuel Palmer (1805 – 1881) was an English landscape painter, etcher and printmaker. He was also a prolific writer. Palmer was a key figure in English Romanticism and produced visionary pastoral paintings
Parmigianino (1503 – 1540) “the little one from Parma”. was an Italian Mannerist painter. His work includes Vision of Saint Jerome and the Madonna with the Long Neck
Victor Pasmore (1908 – 1998) was an artist and architect who pioneered the development of abstract art in Britain in the 1940s and 1950s
Palau Triptych – Max Pechstein (1881 – 1955). Member of the Die Brucke group
Walthamstow Tapestry – Grayson Perry (born 1960). Won the Turner Prize in 2003.
Map of Nowhere – Grayson Perry. Inspired by the Hereford Mappa Mundi
The Vanity of Small Differences – Grayson Perry work based on A Rake’s Progress
Pietro Perugino (c. 1460 – 1523) was the leading painter of the Umbrian school, who developed some of the qualities that found classic expression in the High Renaissance. Raphael was his most famous pupil
Francis Picabia (1879 – 1953) was a French painter and poet, associated with both the Dada and Surrealist art movements
Pablo Picasso (1881 – 1973) took his mother’s surname. His father’s surname was Ruiz. In 1918, Picasso married Olga Khokhlova, a ballerina with Sergei Diaghilev’s troupe
Jacqueline Roque was the second wife of Pablo Picasso and his frequent model
Blue Period (1901 – 1904) influenced by the suicide of his friend Carlos Casagemas
Rose Period (1904 – 1906) influenced by his relationship with Fernande Olivier
The Absinthe Drinker – Picasso. Portrait of Angel Fernandez De Soto
Picasso had a long affair with Marie-Therese Walter
The Three Dancers, Three Musicians – Picasso
Guernica (1937) is exhibited at the Museo Reina Sofia in Madrid
Guernica was exhibited at the Whitechapel Art Gallery in 1938. In 1939, Manchester Foodship For Spain, a group of artists and activists engaged in sending aid to the people of Spain, exhibited the painting in the HE Nunn & Co Ford automobile showroom in Manchester
Sylvette David – Picasso’s ‘Girl with the Ponytail’
Picasso painted a dachshund called Lump 40 times
In 1944 Picasso joined the French Communist Party, and in 1950 received the Lenin Peace Prize from the Soviet government
A dove drawn by Picasso is used as a peace symbol
Picasso made many drawings of Le déjeuner sur l'herbe
Gertrude Stein became Picasso's principal patron, acquiring his drawings and paintings and exhibiting them in her informal Salon at her home in Paris. At one of her gatherings in 1905, he met Henri Matisse, who was to become a lifelong friend and rival
Desmoiselles – hung in Moma. Painted in 1907. Five prostitutes. Picasso referred to the painting as his Brothel painting calling it Le Bordel d'Avignon but André Salmon retitled it Les Demoiselles d'Avignon so as to lessen its scandalous impact on the public
Picasso came to Britain in 1919 with Sergei Diaghilev to design sets and costumes for The Three-Cornered Hat
Bull's Head is a found object artwork by Pablo Picasso, created in 1942 from seat and handlebars of a bicycle
Vollard Suite is a set of 100 etchings in the neoclassical style by Pablo Picasso, produced from 1930–1937
Picasso designed the set and costumes for Parade, a ballet with music by Erik Satie and a one-act scenario by Jean Cocteau
Cezanne and Gauguin were taught by Picasso
Dora Maar is most widely known as Pablo Picasso's muse of nearly a decade (beginning late 1930s), including for Guernica and The Weeping Woman. Maar painted some minor elements of Guernica, and she became better known in the art world via her photographs of the stages of Picasso's painting of Guernica
John Piper (1903 – 1992) designed the stained glass windows for Coventry Cathedral. Official war artist in World War II. Many pictures at Renishaw Hall
John Piper was primarily a painter, but collaborated with many others including the poet and author John Betjeman (on the Shell Guides series of guidebooks on the British Isles), the potter Geoffrey Eastop and the artist Ben Nicholson
Giovanni Battista Piranesi (1720 – 1778) was an Italian artist famous for his etchings of Rome and of fictitious and atmospheric ‘prisons’
Camille Pissarro (1830 – 1903) painted a view of Dulwich College in 1877
Camille Pissarro was born in the Virgin Islands, then a Danish colony, where his father was of Portuguese Jewish descent and his mother was native Creole. Pissarro is the only artist to have shown his work at all eight Paris Impressionist exhibitions, from 1874 to 1886. After the outbreak of the Franco-Prussian War of 1870 – 1871, having only Danish nationality and being unable to join the army, he moved his family to Norwood, near London
Jackson Pollock (1912 – 1956) was taught by Thomas Hart-Benton. Born in Wyoming. Married Lee Krasner. Died in a car crash
Mural – Jackson Pollock. First Abstract Expressionist painting by Pollock
Full Fathom Five – Jackson Pollock, takes its name from The Tempest
Autumn Rhythm – Jackson Pollock
Moon Woman – Jackson Pollock
Lyubov Popova (1889 – 1924) was a female Russian avant-garde artist (Cubist, Suprematist and Constructivist), painter and designer. Contributed to two Knave of Diamonds exhibitions
Painterly Architectonic – Lyubov Popova
The Bull – Paulus Potter (1625 – 1664)
Nicolas Poussin (1594 – 1665) was a French painter in the classical style. His work predominantly features clarity, logic, and order, and favours line over color. Until the 20th century he remained the dominant inspiration for such classically oriented artists as Jacques-Louis David and Paul Cezanne
A Dance to the Music of Time – Nicolas Poussin
Andrea Pozzo (1642 – 1709) was an Italian Jesuit Brother, Baroque painter and architect. Pozzo was best known for his grandiose frescoes using illusionistic technique called quadratura
Rev. Robert Walker Skating on Duddingston Loch – Henry Raeburn (1756 – 1823). He served as Portrait Painter to King George IV in Scotland
Raphael – Raffaello Sanzio (1483 – 1520) born in Urbino, Italy. Painted The School of Athens, The Dispute, Plato and Aristotle, 20 Madonna and Child paintings. Buried in the Pantheon
The Madonna of the Pinks – Raphael. Acquired by the National Gallery in 2004
Madonna of the Meadow – Raphael
After Bramante's death in 1514, Raphael was named architect of the new St Peter's
The four Stanze di Raffaello (‘Raphael's rooms’) in the Palace of the Vatican form a suite of reception rooms, the public part of the papal apartments. They are famous for their frescoes, painted by Raphael and his workshop
Julius II and Leo X – papal patrons of Raphael
Transfiguration – Raphael. Unfinished at his death
Madonna of the Goldfinch – Raphael
Pietro Peregino was Raphael’s mentor
Robert Rauschenberg (1925 – 2008) came to prominence in the 1950s transition from Abstract Expressionism to Pop Art. Rauschenberg is well-known for his ‘Combines’ of the 1950s, in which non-traditional materials and objects were employed in innovative combinations
Considered the first of the Combines, Bed by Robert Rauschenberg was created by dripping red paint across a quilt
Charlene – Robert Rauschenberg
Odilon Redon (1840 – 1916) was a symbolist painter born in Bordeaux
Flower Cloud , The Cyclops – Odilon Redon
Paula Rego (born 1935) is a painter born in Portugal although she is a naturalised British citizen. Rego is a prolific painter and printmaker. Her most well known depictions of folk tales and images of young girls, made largely since 1990, bring together the methods of painting and printmaking
The Maids – Paula Rego. Based on Jean Genet’s play of the same name
Rembrandt van Rijn (1606 – 1669) was born in Leiden. Son called Titus
The Night Watch – full title The Company of Frans Banning Cocq and Willem van Ruytenburch, Rembrandt (1642). Displayed in the Rijksmuseum. Amsterdam civil militia. Attacked twice
The Conspiracy of Julius Civilus – Rembrandt, commissioned for Amsterdam town hall
Stoning of St Stephen – Rembrandt
The Anatomy Lesson of Dr Tulp – Rembrandt
Portrait of a Lady with an Ostrich-Feather Fan – Rembrandt
The Flayed Ox – Rembrandt
The Storm on the Sea of Galilee – Rembrandt, was in the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum of Boston, prior to being stolen in 1990. The painting depicts the miracle of Jesus calming the waves on the Sea of Galilee, as depicted in the Gospel of Mark. It is Rembrandt's only seascape
Bathsheba at Her Bath – Rembrandt
The Return of the Prodigal Son – Rembrandt painting in the Hermitage
The Abduction of Europa – Rembrandt
Rembrandt's greatest creative triumphs are exemplified especially in his portraits of his contemporaries, self-portraits and illustrations of scenes from the Bible
Rembrandt’s wife Saskia sat as a model for many of his paintings
Les Parapluie, Luncheon of the Boating Party – Pierre-Auguste Renoir (1841 – 1919)
La Loge (The Theatre Box) – Renoir
Dance at Le moulin de la Galette) is an 1876 painting by Pierre-Auguste Renoir. It is housed at the Musée d'Orsay. Renoir painted a smaller version of the picture with the same title. This painting is in a private collection. For many years it was owned by John Hay Whitney. In 1990, his widow sold the painting for US$78 million
As a boy, Renoir worked in a porcelain factory where his drawing talents led to him being chosen to paint designs on fine china
Renoir “never thought he had finished a nude until he could pinch it”
During the later years of his life, when he developed rheumatoid arthritis, Renoir created sculptures by cooperating with a young artist, Richard Guino, who worked the clay
Burlaks on the Volga (or Barge Haulers on the Volga) – Ilya Repin (1844 – 1930) was the most renowned Russian artist of the 19th century. He was a member of the Peredvizhniki
Mrs Sarah Siddons as the Tragic Muse – Joshua Reynolds (1723 – 1792). The tragic muse is Melpomene
Joshua Reynolds was born in Devon. Specialized in portraits. He was a founder and first president of the Royal Academy, and was knighted by George III in 1769
Gerhard Richter (born 1932) hold the auction record price for a painting by a living artist at £30 million, for Abstraktes Bild
Stained glass window in Cologne Cathedral – Gerhard Richter
Bridget Riley (born 1931) is one of the foremost exponents of op art
Diego Rivera (1886 – 1957) was a Mexican painter married to Frida Kahlo
Rivera’s large wall works in fresco helped establish the Mexican Mural Renaissance
Diego Rivera’s mural Man at the Crossroads, begun in 1933 for the Rockefeller Center in New York City, was removed after a furore erupted in the press over a portrait of Vladimir Lenin it contained
Man, Controller of the Universe – Diego Rivera
Alexander Rodchenko (1891 – 1956) was one of the most versatile Constructivist and Productivist artists to emerge after the Russian Revolution. He worked as a painter and graphic designer before turning to photomontage and photography
Emma, Lady Hamilton – mistress of Lord Nelson, was painted many times by George Romney (1734 – 1802)
James Rosenquist (born 1933) is one of the protagonists in the pop-art movement and was a billboard painter. Rosenquist achieved international acclaim in 1965 with the room-scale painting F-111
The Annunciation, Beata Beatrix, Proserpine, The Girlhood of Mary Virgin – Dante Gabriel Rossetti (1828 – 1882)
Rossetti's wife Elizabeth Siddal died of an overdose of laudanum in 1862
Fanny Cornforth – model and mistress of Rossetti
Jane Morris – model of Rossetti
Mark Rothko (1903 – 1970) is associated with abstract expressionism and colour field painting. Born in Latvia. Committed suicide
Seagram murals – created for Four Seasons restaurant in Seagram building, New York
Subway series – Mark Rothko
Rothko paintings in the Houston Chapel
White Center (Yellow, Pink and Lavender on Rose) – Rothko. Sold in 2007 for $72.8 million, setting the record of the current most expensive post-war work of art sold at auction
Black on Maroon – Rothko. Displayed at Tate Modern. Damaged in 2012 by an act of “yellowism”
Georges Rouault (1871 – 1958) was a French Fauvist and Expressionist painter, and printmaker in lithography and etching
Henri Rousseau (1844 – 1910) was known as ‘Le Douanier’ (the customs officer)
Rousseau was a French Post-Impressionist painter in the Naive or Primitive manner
Many jungle scenes, including Tiger in a Tropical Storm (Surprised!), The Hungry Lion Throws Itself on the Antelope, The Snake Charmer, The Dream – Rousseau
The Football Players, The Sleeping Gypsy – Rousseau
Peter Paul Rubens (1577 – 1640) was born in Germany. Baroque painter. Van Dyck was a student of his. Painted the ceiling of the London Banqueting House (designed by Inigo Jones)
Rubens – commissions for Marie de’ Medici
The Three Graces – Rubens
Massacre of the Innocents – Rubens. The work was sold at auction at Sotheby's, London in 2002 for £49.5 million to Canadian businessman Kenneth Thomson
Adoration of the Magi – Rubens
Saint George and the Dragon – Rubens
The Descent from the Cross is the central panel of a triptych painting by Peter Paul Rubens in 1612–1614. The painting is the second of Rubens's great altarpieces for the Cathedral of Our Lady, Antwerp, along with The Elevation of the Cross
Helene Fourment in a Fur Wrap – Rubens. Helene Fourment was Rubens’ second wife
Coronation of Marie de' Medici in St. Denis – Rubens
Landscape with a Rainbow – Rubens
The Hippopotamus and Crocodile Hunt – Rubens
Rubens was sent on a diplomatic mission to Philip of Spain by the Duke of Mantua
Isabella Brant was Ruben’s first wife
Rubens collaborated with Jan Brueghel the Elder
Ed Ruscha (born 1937) is an American artist associated with the Pop art movement. Ruscha lives and works in Culver City, California
Paul Sandby (1731 – 1809) was an English map-maker turned landscape painter in watercolours, who, along with his older brother Thomas, became one of the founding members of the Royal Academy in 1768
John Singer Sargent (1856 – 1925) was the most successful portrait painter of his era. American artist, born in Florence
Madame X or Portrait of Madame X is the informal title of a portrait painting by John Singer Sargent of a young socialite named Virginie Amelie Avegno Gautreau
Gassed is a very large oil painting completed in 1919 by John Singer Sargent. It depicts the aftermath of a mustard gas attack during the First World War. Hung in the Imperial War Museum
Jenny Saville (born 1970) is best known as one of the Young British Artists. She is known for her large-scale painted depictions of naked women. Jenny Saville paintings are used on the covers of Manic Street Preachers’ albums The Holy Bible and Journal For Plague Lovers
Egon Schiele (1890 – 1918) was an Austrian painter, a protégé of Gustav Klimt, and a major figurative painter of the early 20th century. Due to the highly-charged nature of his drawings and paintings and his premature death, Schiele has come to epitomise the popular image of the tortured artist. Many self-portraits
Karl Schmidt-Rottluff (1884 – 1976) was born Karl Schmidt in Rottluff, Saxony. He was the youngest of the Brucke artists and maintained the most autonomy during his membership of the group
Kurt Schwitters (1887 – 1948) worked in several genres and media, including Dada, Constructivism, Surrealism, poetry, sound, painting, sculpture, graphic design, typography and installation art. He is most famous for his collages, called Merz Pictures. Schwitters moved to the Lake District in 1934 and died in Ambleside in 1948
Life, Nature, and Death – Alpine triptych by Giovanni Segantini (1858 – 1899), an Italian painter known for his large pastoral landscapes of the Alps
Georges Seurat (1859 – 1891) studied at Ecole de Beaux Arts
He is noted for his innovative use of drawing media and for devising the painting techniques known as chromoluminarism and pointillism
A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte1884 – inspired by The Sacred Grove, by Pierre Puvis de Chavannes. Woman has a monkey on a lead. Purchased by Frederick Bartlett for the Art Institute of Chicago in 1924
Bathers at Asnieres – hung in National Gallery
Gino Severini (1883 – 1966) was an Italian painter and a leading member of the Futurist movement. For much of his life he divided his time between Paris and Rome. He was associated with neo-classicism and the “return to order” in the decade after the First World War
Ivan Shishkin (1832 – 1898) was a Russian landscape painter closely associated with the Peredvizhniki movement
Walter Richard Sickert (1860 – 1942) was born in Munich, and was a member of the Camden Town Group. Sickert took a keen interest in the crimes of Jack the Ripper
Walter Sickert was a student of Whistler. Spent time in Dieppe and Venice
The Camden Town Murder, originally titled, What Shall We Do for the Rent? – Sickert
Brighton Pierrots – Sickert
Paul Signac (1863 – 1935) was a French neo-impressionist painter who, working with Georges Seurat, helped develop the pointillist style
In the Time of Harmony, Portrait of Felix Feneon – Paul Signac
Alfred Sisley (1839 – 1899) was born in Paris to British parents. Dedicated to painting landscape en plein air
Alfred Sisley’s best known works are Street in Moret and Sand Heaps, both owned by the Art Institute of Chicago, and The Bridge at Moret-sur-Loing shown at Musée d'Orsay
Among his important works are a series of paintings of the River Thames, mostly around Hampton Court
Alfred Sisley was known as “The English Impressionist”
Chaim Soutine (1893 – 1943) was a French painter of Russian Jewish origin. Soutine made a major contribution to the expressionist movement while living in Paris
Stanley Spencer (1891 – 1959) was born and lived in the Thames-side village of Cookham in Berkshire. The Methodist Chapel in Cookham, which he attended, is now the Stanley Spencer Gallery. Fought in WWI in Macedonia
War paintings at Sandham Memorial Chapel – Stanley Spencer
The Resurrection, Cookham – Stanley Spencer
Jan Steen (1626 – 1679) was a genre painter of the Dutch Golden Age. Daily life was Jan Steen's main pictorial theme. Many of the genre scenes he portrayed, as in The Feast of Saint Nicholas, are lively to the point of chaos and lustfulness, even so much that 'a Jan Steen household', meaning a messy scene, became a Dutch proverb
Frank Stella (born 1936) is a significant figure in minimalism, post-painterly abstraction, patterns and offset lithography
Marrakech – Frank Stella
Clyfford Still (1904 – 1980) was one of the leading figures of Abstract Expressionism. Still was also considered one of the foremost color field painters
Whistlejacket – a painting of a prancing horse commissioned by the 3rd Marquess of Rockingham by George Stubbs (1724 – 1806)
Horse Frightened by a Lion – Stubbs
The record price for a Stubbs painting was set by the sale at auction of Gimcrack on Newmarket Heath, with a Trainer, a Stable-Lad, and a Jockey (1765) at Christie's in London in 2011 for £22 million
Graham Sutherland (1903 – 1980) painted The Crucifixion (1946) for St Matthew's Church, Northampton. Sutherland was commissioned to design the tapestry Christ in Glory (1962) for Basil Spence's new Coventry Cathedral
Edmund C Tarbell (1862 – 1938) was an American Impressionist painter. He was a member of the Ten American Painters
Yves Tanguy (1900 – 1955) was a French surrealist painter. His paintings show vast, abstract landscapes
The Roll Call – Elizabeth Thompson (1844 – 1933), often referred to as LadyButler
Elizabeth Thompson was one of the few female painters to achieve fame for history paintings, especially military battle scenes
James Thornhill (1673 – 1734) painted eight scenes executed from the Life of St. Paul in the cupola of St Paul's Cathedral in 1716. He was responsible for some large-scale schemes of murals, including the “Painted Hall” at the Royal Hospital, Greenwich
Giovanni Tiepolo (1696 – 1770) was a Venetian painter and printmaker, considered among the last ‘Grand Manner’ fresco painters from the Venetian republic. Frescoes at the Wurzburg Residenz
Madonna of the Immaculate Conception – Giovanni Tiepolo
Tintoretto (1518 – 1594) – born Jacopo Comin. In his youth he was also called Jacopo Robusti. Born in Venice
The Last Supper – Tintoretto, 1594
Tintoretto trained briefly under Titian
Tintoretto painted the walls and ceilings of the Scuola Grande di San Rocco in Venice
Tintoretto painted for the church of the Madonna dell'Orto three of his leading works – the Worship of the Golden Calf, the Presentation of the Virgin in the Temple, and the Last Judgment
Paradise – Tintoretto, measures 22.6 x 9.1 metres and is reputed to be the largest painting ever done upon canvas
The Wedding Feast at Cana – Tintoretto
The Flaying of Marsyas – Titian (1490 – 1576). Full name Tiziano Vecellio
Titian – paintings for Duke of Ferrero. Worked in Venice. Commissions for Holy Roman Emperor Charles V. During his lifetime he was often called da Cadore, taken from the place of his birth
The Flight into Egypt, Venus of Urbino, Knight of the Golden Spur, Assumption of the Virgin, Bacchus and Ariadne – Titian
Diana and Actaeon and Death of Actaeon – Titian. Shown together at the National Gallery
Danae with Nursemaid – one of several mythological paintings, or ‘poesie’ (‘poems’) as Titian called them, done for Philip II of Spain
The Allegory of Age Governed by Prudence – Titian
Titian died of the plague in Venice
Henry Tonks (1862 – 1937) was a British surgeon and later draughtsman and painter of figure subjects, chiefly interiors, and a caricaturist
Henry Tonks became an official war artist in 1918, and he accompanied John Singer Sargent on tours of the Western Front. Henry Tonks described students at the Slade School of Art as ‘a crisis of brilliance’. Students included Paul Nash, Ben Nicholson, Stanley Spencer, Dora Carrington, Christopher R. W. Nevinson and Edward Wadsworth
Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec (1864 – 1901) developed an adult-sized torso, while retaining his child-sized legs
Toulouse-Lautrec paintings featured Jane Avril, a can-can dancer
Toulouse-Lautrec did many paintings of the Moulin Rouge. He invented a cocktail known as “Earthquake” which contained absinthe and cognac
Georges de la Tour (1593 – 1652) painted mostly religious scenes lit by candlelight, and after centuries of posthumous obscurity, during the 20th century, he became one of the most highly regarded of French 17th-century Baroque artists. He painted mostly religious chiaroscuro scenes lit by candlelight
Chinese Girl (also known as The Green Girl) by Vladimir Tretchikoff (1913 – 2006) is one of the best selling art prints ever. Model was Monika Pon-su-san from Cape Town
John Trumbull (1756 – 1843) was an American artist during the period of the American Revolutionary War. His Declaration of Independence (1817) is used on the reverse of the two-dollar bill
Joseph Mallord William Turner (1775 – 1851) was an English Romantic landscape painter, watercolourist and printmaker, whose style is said to have laid the foundation for Impressionism
Turner had two children with Sarah Danby
Turner died in the house of his mistress Sophia Caroline Booth. He is said to have uttered the last words ‘The sun is God’ before expiring. At his request he was buried in St Paul's Cathedral, where he lies next to Sir Joshua Reynolds
The Burning of the Houses of Lords and Commons – Turner, 1834
The Fighting Temeraire tugged to her last Berth to be broken up, 1838 – Turner. It depicts one of the last ships of the line which played a distinguished role in the Battle of Trafalgar in 1805, the HMS Temeraire, being towed by a paddle-wheel steam tug from Sheerness towards its final berth in Rotherhithe to be broken up for scrap
Rain, Steam and Speed – The Great Western Railway – Turner. The location of the painting is widely accepted as Maidenhead Railway Bridge
Blue Rigi, Red Rigi, Dark Rigi – paintings of Mount Rigi overlooking Lake Lucerne
The Slave Ship – Turner – based on Captain Collingworth murdering slaves and throwing them overboard to collect insurance money
Snow Storm: Hannibal and his Army Crossing the Alps – Turner
Snow Storm – Steam-Boat off a Harbour's Mouth – Turner
Gavin Turk (born 1967) is one of the Young British Artists. He often uses his own image in life-size sculptures of famous people
St George and the Dragon, The Rout of San Romano – Paulo Uccello (1397 – 1475). Notable for his pioneering work on visual perspective in art
The Battle of San Romano depicts events that took place at the Battle of San Romano between Florentine and Sienese forces in 1432. The paintings are in egg tempera on wooden panels, each over three metres long. They are now divided between three collections, the National Gallery, the Uffizi and the Louvre
Ucello was notable for his pioneering work on visual perspective in art
At the age of ten, Ucello was apprenticed to the sculptor Lorenzo Ghiberti, designer of the doors of the Florence Baptistery
Maurice Utrillo (1883 – 1955) was a French painter who specialized in cityscapes. Many paintings of Montmartre
Suzanne Valadon (1865 – 1938) modeled for Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec (who gave her painting lessons), and Pierre-Auguste Renoir. In the early 1890s she befriended Edgar Degas. Valadon became the first woman painter admitted to the Societe Nationale des Beaux-Arts. She is also the mother of painter Maurice Utrillo
Anne Vallayer-Coster (1744 – 1818) was an 18th century French painter. Marie Antoinette took a particular interest in her paintings
Anthony Van Dyck (1599 – 1641) was born in Antwerp and became an independent painter in 1615. In his younger years, he was the chief assistant of Peter Paul Rubens. He is most famous for his portraits of Charles I of England and his family and court
The Annunciation – Jan Van Eyck (c. 1395 – 1441)
The Arnolfini Wedding – Van Eyck (1434) is housed in the National Gallery
The Adoration of the Mystic Lamb – Van Eyck, in Saint Bavo Cathedral in Ghent. Also known as the Ghent Altarpiece. The Just Judges or The Righteous Judges is the lower left panel of the Ghent Altarpiece – it was stolen in 1934
Portrait of a Man in a Turban – Jan van Eyck
Vincent Van Gogh (1853 – 1890) was born in Zundert (Holland), and died in Auvers-sur-Oise (France). His younger brother, Theo, was as art dealer
Paul Gauguin visited Van Gogh in Arles. Van Gogh cut off his left ear with a razor
The White House at Night – Van Gogh
11 versions of Sunflowers. Features 15 sunflowers. Painted in chrome yellow in 1888. Hung in National Gallery since 1924
Yasuo Goto paid the equivalent of US $39 million for Van Gogh's Still Life: Vase with Fifteen Sunflowers at auction at Christie's London in 1987, at the time a record-setting amount for a work of art
Almond Branches in Bloom, Saint-Remy – Van Gogh. Best selling fine art poster
Van Gogh was a patient at Saint-Paul asylum in Saint-Rémy-de-Provence
Le Moulin de la Galette is the subject and title of several paintings made by Vincent van Gogh in 1886 of a windmill. The Moulin de la Galette was near Van Gogh's apartment with his brother, Theo in Montmartre
The Red Vineyard – in Pushkin Museum, Moscow. It supposedly is the only piece sold by the artist while he was alive
Van Gogh bought a number of Japanese ukiyo-e woodblock prints
Victor Vasarely (1906 – 1997) was a Hungarian-French artist whose work is generally seen aligned with Op Art. His work entitled Zebra, created in the 1930s, is considered by some to be one of the earliest examples of Op Art
Diego Velazquez (1599 – 1660) was born in Seville, court painter to Philip IV
Las Meninas (The Maids of Honour) is a 1656 painting by Velazquez housed in the Museo del Prado. The painting shows a large room in the Royal Alcazar of Madrid during the reign of King Philip IV of Spain
Portrait of Pope Innocent X (1650) – Velazquez
Rokeby Venus (1651) is housed in the National Gallery. Attacked by suffragette Mary Richardson in 1914. Rokeby is a mansion in Yorkshire where the picture was hung
Infanta Margarita in a Blue Dress – Velazquez
The Surrender of Breda – Velazquez
The Immaculate Conception – Velazquez
Velazquez paintings The Waterseller of Seville, Old woman frying eggs, and The lunch are often described as ‘bodegones’ due to the artist's depiction of jars and foodstuff
Girl with a Pearl Earring – Jan Vermeer (1632– 1675)
View of Delft – Vermeer’s only landscape painting
A Young Woman Standing and Seated at a Virginal – Vermeer
The Music Lesson or Lady at the Virginals with a Gentleman – Vermeer
The Geographer, The Astronomer – paintings by Vermeer, depict van Leeuwenhoek
The Artist in his Studio – Vermeer
The Art of Painting – Vermeer. The subject is the Muse of History, Clio. On display at the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna
Woman Holding a Balance – Vermeer
The Concert – Vermeer. It belongs to the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum in Boston, but was stolen in 1990 and remains missing to this day. Estimated value of $200,000,000
The Lacemaker, The Milkmaid – Vermeer
Maps appeared in many Vermeer paintings
Paolo Veronese (1528 – 1588) was an Italian Mannerist painter. Originally named Paolo Caliari, he was called Veronese from his native city of Verona
Veronese moved to Venice in 1553
The Family of Darius before Alexander by Paolo Veronese depicts Alexander the Great with the family of Darius III, the Persian king he had defeated in battle
The Queen of Sheba – Veronese
Veronese’s 1573 painting of the Last Supper drew the disapproval of Venice’s Inquisition, so it was re-titled The Feast in the House of Levi
The Martyrdom of St George, Allegory of Wisdom and Strength, The Wedding at Cana, The Battle of Lepanto – Veronese
Fauvist artist Maurice de Vlaminck (1876 – 1958) lived in or near Chatou (the inspiration for his painting Houses at Chatou)
Demon paintings – Mikhail Vrubel (1856 – 1910), the greatest Russian painter of the Symbolist movement
Edouard Vuillard (1868 – 1940) was a French painter and printmaker associated with the Nabis. In his paintings and decorative pieces Vuillard depicted mostly interiors, streets and gardens
Louis Wain (1860 – 1939) was best known for his drawings, which consistently featured anthropomorphised large-eyed cats and kittens
The Death of Chatterton is an oil painting on canvas by the English Pre-Raphaelite painter Henry Wallis (1830 – 1916), now in Tate Britain
Andy Warhol (1928 – 1987) was born Andrew Walhola in Pittsburgh, to Slovakian immigrants. The Factory was Andy Warhol's original New York City studio from 1962 to 1968. The original Factory was often referred to by those who frequented it as the Silver Factory. Covered with tin foil and silver paint, the Factory was decorated by Warhol's friend, the photographer Billy Name
Marilyn Diptych – silkscreen painting by Andy Warhol. Features a picture of Marilyn Monroe from Niagara (1953)
The highest price ever paid for a Warhol painting is $100 million for a 1963 canvas titled Eight Elvises
The Last Supper cycle – Warhol
Campbell's Soup Cans, which is sometimes referred to as 32 Campbell's Soup Cans, is a work of art produced in 1962 by Andy Warhol
Death and Destruction series – Warhol
John William Waterhouse (1849 – 1917) was an English Pre-Raphaelite painter most famous for his paintings of female characters from mythology and literature
The Lady of Shalott is an 1888 painting by John William Waterhouse. The work is a representation of a scene from Lord Alfred Tennyson's 1832 poem of the same name, in which the poet describes the plight of a young woman, loosely based on Elaine of Astolat, who yearned with an unrequited love for the knight (Sir Lancelot) isolated under an undisclosed curse in a tower near King Arthur's Camelot. Displayed in Tate Britain
Hylas and the Nymphs – John William Waterhouse
Antoine Watteau (1684 – 1721) is credited with inventing the genre of fetes galantes: scenes of bucolic and idyllic charm, suffused with an air of theatricality. Some of his best known subjects were drawn from the world of Italian comedy and ballet. He revitalized the waning Baroque idiom, which eventually became known as Rococo
Pilgrimage to Cythera – Watteau
George Frederic Watts (1817 – 1904) was an English Victorian painter and sculptor associated with the Symbolist movement. Watts became famous in his lifetime for his allegorical works, such as Hope and Love and Life. Watts married the actress Ellen Terry
Marianne von Werefkin (1860 – 1938) was a Russian-Swiss Expressionist painter. Partner of Alexei von Jawlensky
Treaty of Penn with the Indians – Benjamin West (1738 – 1820). Anglo-American painter of historical scenes around and after the time of the American War of Independence. He was the second president of the Royal Academy in London
Rogier van der Weyden (1400 – 1464) was an Early Netherlandish painter. His expressive painting and popular religious conceptions had considerable influence on European painting, not only in France and Germany but also in Italy and in Spain. Hans Memling was his greatest follower
Nocturne in Black and Gold: The Falling Rocket – James Abbot McNeill Whistler (1834 – 1903), is a painting of the fireworks from the Cremorne Gardens in London. Affronted by The Falling Rocket, John Ruskin accused Whistler of “flinging a pot of paint in the public's face”. Whistler sued Ruskin for libel in defence, and won damages of a farthing
Nocturne in Grey and Black: Whistler’s Mother – Whistler. Mother was Anna. Hung in Musee d’Orsay. Painted in London. Also known as Arrangement in Grey and Black, No.1
After Thomas Carlyle viewed the painting, he agreed to sit for a similar composition, this one being titled Arrangement in Grey and Black, No. 2
Symphony in White, No. 1: The White Girl – Whistler. Portrait of Joanna Hiffernan
Symphony in White, No. 2, Symphony in White, No. 3 – Whistler
Whistler was influenced by Courbet’s realism and Japanese prints. His famous signature for his paintings was in the shape of a stylized butterfly possessing a long stinger for a tail
John White (c. 1540 – c. 1593) was an English artist, and an early pioneer of English efforts to settle the New World. During his time at Roanoke Island he made a number of watercolor sketches of the surrounding landscape and the native Algonkin peoples
John "Kyffin" Williams (1918 – 2006) was a Welsh landscape painter who lived at Llanfairpwll on the Island of Anglesey. Williams is widely regarded as the defining artist of Wales during the 20th century
Franz Winterhalter (1805 – 1873) was a German painter known for his portraits of royalty in the mid-nineteenth century. His name has become associated with fashionable court portraiture. Among his best known works is Empress Eugenie Surrounded by her Ladies in Waiting
Daughters of the Revolution – Grant Wood (1891 – 1942), a leading figure in the mid-western Regionalism movement
American Gothic – Grant Wood. The painting shows a farmer holding a pitchfork standing beside his spinster daughter
A Philosopher Lecturing on the Orrery – Joseph Wright (1734 – 1797) of Derby
An Experiment on a Bird in the Air Pump – Joseph Wright. The painting depicts a natural philosopher recreating one of Robert Boyle's air pump experiments, in which a white cockatoo is deprived of oxygen. Housed in the National Gallery
Three Persons Viewing the Gladiator by Candlelight – Joseph Wright
Christina’s World – Andrew Wyeth (1917 – 2009). US realist artist. The woman in the painting is Christina Olson. She is known to have suffered from polio. The house depicted in the painting is known as the Olson House, and is located in Cushing, Maine
And When did you Last See Your Father – WF Yeames (1835 – 1918), depicts the son of a Royalist being questioned by Parliamentarians during the English Civil War
Amy Robsart – Yeames
Jonathan Yeo (born 1970) has painted portraits of Tony Blair and David Cameron. His unauthorised 2007 portrait of George W. Bush, created from cuttings of pornographic magazines brought him worldwide notoriety. Son of Conservative MP Tim Yeo
Yue Minjun (born 1962) is the Chinese painter of the pink-faced laughing men
The Tribuna of the Uffizi – Johann Zoffany (1733 – 1810), a German neoclassical painter, active mainly in England
Francisco de Zurbaran (1598 – 1664) is known primarily for his religious paintings depicting monks, nuns, and martyrs, and for his still-lifes. Zurbaran gained the nickname “Spanish Caravaggio”
Unknown artist
The Wilton Diptych (c. 1395) was painted for King Richard II. The painting consists of two oak panels. On the left hand side panel of the diptych, Richard is shown kneeling. Beside him are the saints John the Baptist, Edward the Confessor and Edmund. The Virgin Mary is depicted on the right hand side of the diptych, along with a company of eleven angels. Wilton Diptych – from Wilton House, in Wilts. The painting is currently housed in the National Gallery