Physical World/Mammals - 2

	Bonobo Pan paniscus Also known as pygmy chimpanzee. Bonobos are the only non-human animal to have been observed engaging in face-to-face sex and oral sex Found in the forests of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
	Emperor tamarin Saguinus imperator A species of tamarin allegedly named for its resemblance to the German emperor Wilhelm II Emperor tamarins typically have twins
	Howler monkey genus Alouatta Among the largest of the New World monkeys and one of only a few nest-building monkeys Famous for their loud howls, which can travel three miles through dense forest, and are caused by an enlarged hyoid bone
	Spider monkey genus Ateles Disproportionately long limbs and long prehensile tails make them one of the largest New World monkeys and gives rise to their common name. The hands are long, narrow and hook-like, and have an absence of thumbs
	Capuchin monkey genus Cebus Capuchin derives from a group of friars named the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin, an offshoot from the Franciscans, who wear brown robes with large hoods covering their heads. When explorers reached the Americas in the 15th century they found monkeys who resembled these friars and named them capuchins
	Proboscis monkey Nasalis larvatus A reddish-brown arboreal Old World monkey that is endemic to Borneo The large nose or proboscis of the male can exceed 10 cm in length, and hangs lower than the mouth
	Japanese macaque Macaca fuscata Sometimes known as the snow monkey because they live in areas where snow covers the ground for months each year – no other monkey is more northern-living, nor lives in a colder climate
	Mandrill Mandrillus sphinx Its hairless face has an elongated muzzle with distinctive characteristics such as a red stripe down the middle and protruding blue ridges on the sides. The areas around the genitals and the anus are multi-coloured Mandrills are the world's largest monkeys
	Gibbon family Hylobatidae Also called the lesser apes Gibbons are highly arboreal and bipedal on the ground. They are masters of their primary mode of locomotion, brachiation, swinging from branch to branch
	Orangutan genus Pongo The Bornean orangutan (P. pygmaeus) and the Sumatran orangutan (P. abelii) are the two exclusively Asian species of extant great apes The word orangutan comes from the Malay language and means 'person of the forest'
	Common pipistrelle Pipistrellus pipistrellus The name of the genus is derived from the Italian word pipistrello, meaning "bat" In 1999, the common pipistrelle was split into two species on the basis of different-frequency echolocation calls. The common pipistrelle uses a call of 45 kHz, while the soprano pipistrelle echolocates at 55 kHz
	Horseshoe bat genus Rhinolophus All horseshoe bats have leaf-like, horseshoe-shaped protuberances on their noses They have the most sophisticated echolocation of all bats
	Common vampire bat Desmodus rotundus Vampire bats are the only known parasitic mammals. The common vampire bat mainly feeds on the blood of livestock. It uses its razor-sharp teeth to cut open the skin of its hosts and laps up their blood with its long tongue
	Desman tribe Desmanini A snouted and naked-tailed diving insectivore. It belongs to one of two Eurasian species – Russian, and Pyrenean (pictured) of the mole family, Talpidae
	Pangolin family Manidae Also known as the scaly anteater It has large keratin scales covering its skin. It can curl up into a ball when threatened, with its overlapping scales acting as armour. Pangolins can also emit a noxious-smelling acid
	Coyote Canis latrans Also known as the American jackal or the prairie wolf. Closest relative is the grey wolf Coyote is a mythological character common to many Native American cultures
	Dingo Canis lupus dingo Also known as the warrigal Subspecies of the grey wolf introduced to Australia 4,000 years ago. largest terrestrial predator in Australia
	Dhole Cuon alpinus Also known as the Asiatic wild dog,  Indian wild dog, or red wolf In appearance, the dhole has been variously described as combining the physical characteristics of the grey wolf and red fox
	Samoyed Canis lupis familiaris Takes its name from the Samoyedic peoples of Siberia. These nomadic reindeer herders bred the fluffy white dogs to help with the herding, and to pull sleds when they moved
	Basenji Canis lupis familiaris A breed of hunting dog The Basenji produces an unusual yodel-like sound commonly called a barroo, due to its unusually shaped larynx. This trait also gives the Basenji the nickname "barkless dog"
	Saluki Canis lupis familiaris Also known as the Gazelle Hound, Arabian Hound, and Persian Greyhound. An ancient breed of tall slender dog developed in Arabia and Egypt and having a smooth, silky, variously coloured coat
	Akita Canis lupis familiaris A large breed of dog originating from the mountainous northern regions of Japan. There are two separate varieties of Akita: a Japanese strain, and an American strain Named for Akita Prefecture, where it is thought to have originated
	Tosa Canis lupis familiaris Also known as the Japanese mastiff It was originally bred in Tosa (present day Kōchi) as a fighting dog and still is today
	Shar Pei Canis lupis familiaris A Chinese breed of dog known for its distinctive features of deep wrinkles and a blue-black tongue
	Chow Chow Canis lupis familiaris Known as the "Fluffy Lion-dog" in China Like the Shar Pei, the Chow has a blue-black/purple tongue
	Spectacled bear Tremarctos ornatus Also known as the Andean bear The only species of bear native to South America. The name is a reference to the light colouring on its chest, neck and face, which may resemble eyeglasses in some individuals
	Sun bear Helarctos malayanus Malayan sun bear is also known as the "honey bear", which refers to its voracious appetite for honeycombs and honey. However, "honey bear" can also refer to a kinkajou The sun bear is the smallest of the bears
	Giant panda Ailuropoda melanoleuca Name means "black and white cat-foot" Giant panda's paw has a ‘thumb’ and five fingers; the ‘thumb’ is actually a modified sesamoid bone, which helps the Giant panda to hold bamboo while eating
	Red panda Ailurus fulgens Also known as lesser panda or red bear-cat Slightly larger than a domestic cat. It is not closely related to the giant panda
	Kinkajou Potos flavus Also known as the sugar bear, honey bear, or cat-monkey Arboreal and nocturnal mammal native to rainforests in Central America and South America
	Olinguito Bassaricyon neblina Name is Spanish for "little olingo" Member of the raccoon family, which lives in the Andes The species was described as new in 2013
	Ratel Mellivora capensis Also known as the honey badger It is the most fearless animal in the world. It does not closely resemble other badger species; instead, it bears more anatomical similarities to weasels
	Wolverine Gulo gulo Also known as the glutton The largest land-dwelling species of the Mustelidae (the Giant Otter is largest overall) It has a reputation for ferocity and strength out of proportion to its size, with the ability to kill prey many times larger than itself
	Clouded leopard Neofelis nebulosa Found in the Himalayan foothills Distinctly marked with large, irregularly-shaped, dark-edged ellipses which are said to be shaped like clouds, hence both its common and original scientific name
	Snow leopard Panthera uncia Also known as the ounce Snow leopards were only reclassified as a member of the Panthera genus (big cats) in 2009
	Jaguarundi Puma yagouaroundi A small wild cat native to Central and South America Closely related to the much larger and heavier cougar
	Asian palm civet Paradoxurus hermaphroditus Also called toddy cat Kopi Luwak is coffee prepared using coffee beans that have been subjected to ingestion and fermentation in the gastrointestinal tract of the Asian palm civet
	Common genet Genetta genetta Genets are slender cat-like animals with a long body, a long ringed tail, large ears, a pointed muzzle and partly retractile claws Indigenous to Africa