Art and Culture/Artists
Ai Weiwei (born 1957) is a Chinese artist who has been critical of the government’s stance on human rights and democracy. He collaborated with Swiss architects Herzog & de Meuron as the artistic consultant on the Beijing National Stadium for the 2008 Olympics
S.A.C.R.E.D installation – a six-part work composed of six iron boxes depicting scenes from Ai’s 81-day incarceration in 2011
Sunflower Seeds – 100 million handmade and painted porcelain sunflower seeds displayed at Tate Modern in 2010
Josef Albers (1888 – 1976). Born in Germany
Homage to the Square
Lawrence Alma-Tadema (1836 – 1912), a British artist born in the Netherlands. A classical-subject painter, Alma-Tadema became famous for his depictions of the luxury and decadence of the Roman Empire, with languorous figures set in fabulous marbled interiors or against a backdrop of dazzling blue Mediterranean Sea and sky
The Roses of Heliogabalus
A Favourite Custom – painting at Tate Britain
A Foregone Conclusion – painting at Tate Britain
Albrecht Altdorfer (1480 – 1538), the leader of the Danube School
Battle of Issus (or of Alexander)
Fra Angelico (1395–1455) was called Il Beato (the Blessed), in reference to his skills in painting religious subjects. In 1982 Pope John Paul II conferred beatification. Fra Angelico was born Guido di Pietro
San Marco Altarpiece
Fiesole Altarpiece
Alexander Archipenko (1887 – 1964) was a Ukrainian avant-garde artist, sculptor, and graphic artist. Associated with the cubist movement
Giuseppe Arcimboldo (1527 – 1593) was an Italian painter best known for creating imaginative portrait heads made entirely of such objects as fruits, vegetables, flowers, fish, and books. In 1562, Arcimboldo became court portraitist to Ferdinand I at the Habsburg court in Vienna, and later, to Maximilian II and his son Rudolf II at the court in Prague
The Librarian
Vertumnus
Winter, Spring, Summer, Autumn – ‘Four Seasons’ paintings
Air, Fire, Earth, Water – ‘Four elements’ paintings
Jean Arp or Hans Arp (1886 – 1966) was a French/German painter and sculptor, born in Strasbourg. He was a founding member of the Dada group
Frank Auerbach (born 1931) is a German-born British painter. His work typically portrays either one of a small group of mainly female models, or scenes around London, especially the Mornington Crescent studio he has occupied since 1954
Francis Bacon (1909–1992) was born in Dublin, the son of a racehorse trainer. His lover, George Dyer, died of an overdose of barbiturates in Paris
Francis Bacon created several variations of Velazquez’s Pope Innocent X, and was inspired by his Screaming Popes paintings
Three Studies for Figures at the Base of a Crucifixion is a 1944 triptych painted by Francis Bacon. The work is based on the Eumenides, or Furies, of Aeschylus' The Oresteia, and depicts three writhing anthropomorphic creatures set against a flat orange background
Triptych Inspired by T. S. Eliot’s Poem Sweeney Agonistes
Three Studies of Lucian Freud
Leon Bakst (1866 – 1924) was a Russian painter and scene and costume designer. He was a member of the Sergei Diaghilev circle and the Ballets Russes, for which he designed exotic, richly coloured sets and costumes
Giacomo Balla (1871 – 1958) was a Futurist painter who taught Boccioni
Balthus (1908 – 2001) was a Polish/French modern artist whose work was ultimately anti-modern
Francis Barraud (1856 – 1924)
His Master’s Voice – painting of Nipper (the Jack Russel terrier in the HMV image)
Jennifer Bartlett (born 1941-2022) was an American artist best known for paintings combining abstract and representational styles
Georg Baselitz (born 1938) studied in the former East Germany. Baselitz's style is interpreted by the Northern American as Neo-Expressionist, but from a European perspective, it is more seen as postmodern. His career was kick-started in the 1960s after police action against one of his paintings, because of its provocative, offending sexual nature
Jean-Michel Basquiat (1960 – 1988) began as a graffiti artist in New York in the late 1970s and in the 1980s produced Neo-expressionist painting. Basquiat died of a heroin overdose aged 27. Basquiet – known as SAMO as a graffiti artist. Collaborations with Andy Warhol
Frederic Bazille (1841 – 1870) was illed in Franco-Prussian War. Helped Monet before he became famous
Summer Scene
The Pink Dress
Family Reunion
Aubrey Beardsley (1872 – 1898) produced drawings, done in black ink and influenced by the style of Japanese woodcuts, which emphasized the grotesque, the decadent, and the erotic. His most famous erotic illustrations concerned themes of history and mythology; these include his illustrations for a privately printed edition of Aristophanes' Lysistrata, and his drawings for Oscar Wilde's play Salome. Died aged 25
Max Beckmann (1884 – 1950) was associated with the New Objectivity movement
The Lion Tamer
Scene from the Earthquake in Messina
The Night
Vanessa Bell (1879 – 1961) was an English painter and interior designer, a member of the Bloomsbury group, and the sister of Virginia Woolf. She is considered one of the major contributors to British portrait drawing and landscape art in the 20th century
Giovanni Bellini (c. 1430 – 1516) was an Italian Renaissance painter, probably the best known of the Bellini family of Venetian painters. His father was Jacopo Bellini. Through the use of clear, slow-drying oil paints, Giovanni created deep, rich tints and detailed shadings
George Bellows (1882 – 1925) was an American realist painter, known for his bold depictions of urban life in New York City and a series of paintings depicting boxing
Joachim Beuckelaer (1533 – 1573)
Four Elements series – hung in the National Gallery
Joseph Beuys (1921 – 1986) work is grounded in concepts of humanism, social philosophy and anthroposophy; it culminates in his ‘extended definition of art’ and the idea of social sculpture. Always wore a felt hat
Elizabeth Blackadder (born 1931) is a Scottish painter and printmaker. She is the first woman to be elected to both the Royal Scottish Academy and the Royal Academy. Her work has appeared on a series of Royal Mail stamps
Peter Blake (born 1932) designed the sleeve for Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band
The Toy Shop – collage
On the Balcony is a significant early work which remains an iconic piece of British Pop Art
Babe Rainbow
Kate – collage
William Blake (1757 – 1827)
The Ancient of Days
Newton – Isaac Newton is shown sitting naked and crouched on a rocky outcropping covered with algae, apparently at the bottom of the sea. His attention is focused upon diagrams he draws with a compass upon a scroll that appears to unravel from his mouth
Umberto Boccioni (1882 – 1916) Futurist. Work centered on the portrayal of movement (dynamism), speed, and technology
Arnold Bocklin (1827 – 1901). Swiss symbolist painter
Isle of the Dead
The Island of Life
Alighiero Boetti (1940 – 1994) was a member of the Arte Povera movement. He is most famous for a series of embroidered maps of the world, Mappa, created between 1971 and his death in 1994. Boetti's work was typified by his notion of 'twinning', leading him to add 'e' (and) between his names
David Bomberg (1890 – 1957) painted a series of complex geometric compositions combining the influences of cubism and futurism in the years immediately preceding World War I. Bomberg was one of the most audacious of the exceptional generation of artists who studied at the Slade School of Art under Henry Tonks. He travelled to Palestine, and Ronda in Spain. Fought at The Battle of the Somme
In the Hold
The Mud Bath
Pierre Bonnard (1867 – 1947) was a French painter and printmaker, as well as a founding member of Les Nabis. Bonnard is known for his intense use of colour. His wife Marthe was an ever-present subject over the course of several decades
In the Washroom
Rosa Bonheur (1822 – 1899)
Ploughing in the Nivernais
The Horse Fair
Hieronymus Bosch (1450 – 1516) real name Jheronimus (or Jeroen) van Aken
Bosch
The Garden of Earthly Delights (1505) is the centre panel of a triptych and depicts the creation of earth. The leftmost panel features the Garden of Eden, and the rightmost panel illustrates Hell. Housed in the Museo del Prado
The Ship of Fools, Allegory of Gluttony and Lust, and Death of the Miser - triptych
The Seven Deadly Sins and the Four Last Things is a painting attributed to Hieronymus Bosch. The painting is oil on wood panels and is presented in a series of circular images
The Temptation of St Anthony – triptych
Sandro Botticelli (1445 – 1510) – means ‘little barrel’. Full name – Alessandro di Mariano di Vanni Filipepi. Worked for Medici family. Painted using egg tempera. Botticelli was apprenticed to Fra Filippo Lippi. Patronage of Lorenzo de Medici. He is buried at the feet of his model Simonetta Vespucci in Florence
Primavera – features Venus, Cupid, The Three Graces, Mercury, Zepher, Chloris, and Flora. Hung in Uffizi. Also known as Allegory of Spring
The Birth of Venus – hung in The Uffizi. On the left of the picture, are the wind god Zephyr and his wife Chloris, known as Flora, goddess of flowers and blooms. On the right is Hora the goddess of summer welcoming Venus
The Mystical Nativity – only painting signed by Botticelli
Francois Boucher (1703 – 1770) was a French painter, a proponent of Rococo taste, known for his idyllic and voluptuous paintings on classical themes. He also painted several portraits of his illustrious patroness, Madame de Pompadour. Influenced by the work of Watteau
The Rape of Europa – in the Wallace Collection
Portrait of Marie-Louise O’Murphy
Eugene Boudin (1824 – 1898) was one of the first French landscape painters to paint outdoors (en plein air). Many paintings of Trouville
Marie Bracquemond (1840 – 1916) was a French Impressionist artist described by Gustave Geffroy in 1894 as one of the “le trois grandes dames” of Impressionism alongside Berthe Morisot and Mary Cassatt
Frank Brangwyn (1857 – 1956) was an Anglo-Welsh artist, born in Bruges
British Empire Panels
Georges Braque (1882 – 1963) was influenced by the Fauves and Cezanne. Braque’s work between 1908 and 1912 is closely associated with that of his colleague Pablo Picasso. Their respective Cubist works were indistinguishable for many years. Braque was the first living artist to have exhibition at The Louvre
Violin and Candlestick
Fruit Dish and Glass
John Bratby (1928 – 1992) was an English painter who founded the ‘kitchen sink realism’ style of art that was influential in the late 1950s
Bronzino (1503 – 1572), born Agnolo di Cosimo, was an Italian Mannerist painter from Florence. Terry Gilliam famously used Cupid's right foot from Venus, Cupid, Folly and Time for crushing down the titles on Monty Python's Flying Circus
Portrait of Cosimo de’ Medici
Pieter Brueghel the Elder (1525 – 1569) low-life paintings in the Netherlands. Many works of Brueghel are in Kunsthistoriches in Vienna
Hunters in the Snow
Peasant Wedding
Landscape with the Fall of Icarus
The Triumph of Death – Dulle Griet, also known as Mad Meg, is a figure of Flemish folklore who is the subject of a 1563 oil-on-panel
Pieter Brueghel the Younger (1565 – 1638), son of Pieter Brueghel the Elder
Satire on Tulip Mania – monkeys in contemporary 17th century Dutch dress are shown dealing in tulips
Jan Brueghel the Elder (1568 – 1625) – son of Pieter Brueghel the Elder. Many floral still lifes and paradise landscapes
The Five Senses is a set of allegorical paintings created by Jan Brueghel the Elder and Peter Paul Rubens, with Brueghel being responsible for the settings and Rubens for the figures. They are now in the Prado Museum
Edward Burne-Jones (1833 – 1898) was a friend of William Morris and was associated with the Pre-Raphaelite movement. Burne-Jones was closely involved in the rejuvenation of the tradition of stained glass art in Britain Stanley Baldwin and Rudyard Kipling were nephews of Edward Burne-Jones
Love Among the Ruins
Perseus series
Edward Burra (1905 – 1976) was an English painter, best known for his depictions of the urban underworld, black culture and the Harlem scene of the 1930s
Gustave Caillebotte (1848 – 1894). Impressionist painter
The Floor Scrapers
Heinrich Campendonk (1889 – 1957). Member of the Der Blaue Reiter group
Red Picture with Horses
Canaletto (1697 – 1768), Giovanni Canal, best known for his paintings of Venice, worked in London from1746 to 1755. Many paintings of London bridges, including Westminster Bridge and Old Walton Bridge. Also painted Warwick Castle
Vittore Carpaccio (1465 – 1525) was a painter of the Venetian school, who studied under Gentile Bellini
The Legend of Saint Ursula – cycle of nine paintings
St. George and the Dragon
Emily Carr (1871 – 1945) was a Canadian artist and writer heavily inspired by the indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast. One of the first painters in Canada to adopt a modernist and post-impressionist painting style
Annibale Carracci (1560 – 1609) was an Italian Baroque painter born in Bologna. Carracci painted frescos on the ceiling of Palazzo Farnese in Rome
Leonora Carrington (1917 – 2011) was a British-born Mexican artist, a surrealist painter and a novelist. She lived most of her life in Mexico City. Lived with Max Ernst
Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio (1571 – 1610). First representative of the Baroque school. Caravaggio fled Rome for Naples in 1606 when charged with the murder of Ranuccio Tomassoni, during a furious brawl over a disputed score in a game of tennis. Credited with the invention of tenebrism
The Martyrdom of Saint Matthew
The Inspiration of Saint Matthew
The Calling of Saint Matthew
Saint Jerome Writing, also called Saint Jerome in His Study or simply Saint Jerome, is hung in the Galleria Borghese in Rome
Judith Beheading Holofernes
Cardsharps
Basket of Fruit – first still life painting. Hung in the Biblioteca Ambrosiana in Milan
The Beheading of Saint John the Baptist is the only work signed by Caravaggio
Mary Cassatt (1844 – 1926) was a friend of Degas. Cassatt often created images of the social and private lives of women, with particular emphasis on the intimate bonds between mothers and children
George Catlin (1796 – 1872) specialized in portraits of Native Americans in the Old West
Patrick Caulfield (1936 – 2005) was a painter and printmaker known for his bold canvases, which often incorporated elements of Photorealism within a pared down scene
Paul Cezanne (1839 – 1906) grew up with Emile Zola, in Aix-en-Provence. A Post-Impressionist painter, Cezanne formed a bridge between Impressionism and Cubism
Many paintings of Mont Sainte-Victoire in Provence
The Card Players
The Bathers
Auvers-sur-Oise was stolen from Ashmolean Museum in Oxford in 2000
Marc Chagall (1887 – 1985) was a French painter of Russian-Jewish origin who was born in Belarus. In 1963, Chagall was commissioned to paint the new ceiling for the Paris Opera (Palais Garnier). Chagall designed costumes for a production of The Firebird by Stravinsky. He designed a stained glass memorial window to Dag Hammarskjold in the United Nations in New York
I and the Village
Homage to Apollinaire
The Green Violinist
The Bible Series
Self-Portrait with Seven Fingers
Jake Chapman (born 1966) and Dinos Chapman (born 1962) are brothers and English conceptual artists who work almost exclusively in collaboration with each other. They came to prominence as part of the Young British Artists movement promoted by Charles Saatchi. The brothers have often made pieces with plastic models or fibreglass mannequins of people. Their mother was an orthodox Greek Cypriot
Hell – 10,000 tiny Nazi soldiers. Destroyed in Momart warehouse fire in East London
Disasters of War by Goya was rendered into small 3D plastic models by Jake and Dinos Chapman
Jean-Baptiste-Simeon Chardin (1699 – 1779) was a master of still life and is also noted for his genre paintings which depict kitchen maids, children, and domestic activities
The Ray
Judy Chicago (born 1939) was a feminist artist
The Dinner Party – depicts place settings for 39 mythical and historical famous women throughout history
Georgio de Chirico (1888 – 1978) was born in Volos, Greece, to a Genovese mother and a Sicilian father. He founded the ‘scuola metafisica’ art movement, which influenced the surrealists. Many paintings of mannequins
The Song of Love
Melancholy and Mystery of a Street
Frederic Church (1826 – 1900) was a central figure in the Hudson River School of American landscape painters, perhaps best known for painting large panoramic landscapes
Cimabue (c. 1240 – 1302) is generally regarded as the last great Italian painter working in the Byzantine tradition. The art of this period comprised scenes and forms that appeared relatively flat and highly stylized. He is also well known for his student Giotto, considered the first great artist of the Italian Renaissance
Chuck Close (1940-2021) was an American portrait painter known for his massive-scale portraits
Thomas Cole (1801 – 1848) was born in Bolton. In 1818 his family emigrated to the United States. Landscape painter. He is regarded as the founder of the Hudson River School
The Course of Empire – series of five paintings depicting the growth and fall of an imaginary city
John Constable (1776 – 1837) was born in East Bergholt, Suffolk
The Haywain – features the River Stour. Alternative name is Landscape Noon
Flatford Mill
Dedham Mill
Salisbury Cathedral from the Meadows
The Leaping Horse
Sky Study with a Shaft of Sunlight
The Opening of Waterloo Bridge
John Singleton Copley (1738 – 1815) is famous for his portrait paintings of important figures in colonial New England
The Death of the Earl of Chatham
The Death of Major Peirson
Lovis Corinth (1858 – 1925). German expressionist painter who joined the Berlin Secession group
The Red Christ
Joseph Cornell (1903 – 1972) was an American artist and sculptor, one of the pioneers and most celebrated exponents of assemblage. He was also an experimental filmmaker
Jean-Baptiste Camille Corot (1796 – 1875) was a French landscape painter and printmaker in etching
Ville d’Avray
Macbeth and the Witches
The Bridge at Narni
Antonio Allegri da Correggio (1489 – 1534) was the foremost painter of the Parma school of the Italian Renaissance
Correggio conceived a set of paintings depicting the Loves of Jupiter as described in Ovid's Metamorphoses. The voluptuous series was commissioned by Federico II Gonzaga of Mantua
Juan Sanchez Cotan (1560 – 1627) was a Spanish Baroque painter, a pioneer of realism in Spain. His still life – also called bodegones – were painted in an austere style
John Cotman (1782 – 1842) was an English marine and landscape painter, etcher, illustrator and author, a leading member of the Norwich school of artists
Gustave Courbet (1819 – 1877) led the Realist movement in 19th century French painting
L'Origine du Monde – picture of a hirsute lady
A Burial at Ornans
The Artist’s Studio
David Cox (1783 – 1859) was one of the most important members of the Birmingham School of landscape artists and an early precursor of impressionism. He is considered one of the greatest English landscape painters, and a major figure of the Golden age of English watercolour
Lucas Cranach the Elder (1472 – 1553) was a German Renaissance painter and printmaker in woodcut and engraving. He was court painter to the Electors of Saxony for most of his career
Cupid Complaining to Venus
Adam and Eve
paintings of Martin Luther
Lucas Cranach the Younger (1515 – 1586) was known for his woodcuts and paintings. Son of Lucas Cranach the Elder
Walter Crane (1845 – 1915). He is considered to be the most influential, and among the most prolific, children’s book creator of his generation
The Horses of Neptune
Henri-Edmond Cross (1856 – 1910) was a master of Neo-impressionism, and played an important role in shaping the second phase of that movement. He was very influential to Henri Matisse and his work was an instrumental influence in the development of Fauvism
Aelbert Cuyp (1620 – 1691) was one of the leading Dutch landscape painters of the Dutch Golden Age. He is especially known for his large views of the Dutch countryside
Richard Dadd (1817 – 1886), an English painter of the Victorian era, noted for his depictions of fairies and other supernatural subjects. Painted while Dadd was confined in Bedlam psychiatric hospital. Richard Dadd formed the group of British artists known as The Clique
The Fairy Feller's Master-Stroke
Johan Christian Dahl (1788 – 1857) was a Norwegian artist who is considered the first great romantic painter in Norway, the founder of the "golden age" of Norwegian painting. He is often described as "the father of Norwegian landscape painting"
Salvador Dali (1904 – 1989) was inspired by the shock of Hiroshima and the dawning of the atomic age, and labeled this period ‘Nuclear Mysticism’. Dali’s wife Gali was previously married to surrealist poet Paul Eluard. Dali lived in St Petersburg, Florida. Dali returned from USA to Spain after WWII and became a catholic. Published Mystical Manifesto. Between 1941 and 1970, Dali created an ensemble of 39 jewels. The most famous jewel, The Royal Heart, is made of gold and is encrusted with 46 rubies, 42 diamonds, and four emeralds and is created in such a way that the centre ‘beats’ much like a real heart
The Persistence of Memory
Leda Atomica
Christ of Saint John of the Cross – in 1993, the painting was moved to Glasgow's St Mungo Museum of Religious Life and Art but returned to Kelvingrove for its reopening in 2006. Yellow boat at Port Lligat at bottom of painting
Soft Construction with Boiled Beans: Premonition of Civil War
The Great Masturbator
Mae West Lips Sofa (1937) is a surrealist sofa
Lobster Telephone
Francis Danby (1793 – 1861) was an Irish painter of the Romantic era. His imaginative, dramatic landscapes were comparable to those of John Martin
The Shipwreck
The Deluge
Charles-Francois Daubigny (1817 – 1878) was one of the painters of the Barbizon school, and is considered an important precursor of Impressionism
Honore Daumier (1808 – 1879) was a French printmaker, caricaturist, painter, and sculptor, whose many works offer commentary on social and political life in France in the 19th century. He is known for his caricatures of political figures and satires on the behavior of his countrymen
Jacques-Louis David (1748 – 1825) became an active supporter of the French Revolution and friend of Robespierre, and was effectively a dictator of the arts under the French Republic. Imprisoned after Robespierre's fall from power, he aligned himself with Napoleon I. It was at this time that he developed his Empire style, notable for its use of warm Venetian colours
The Death of Marat – 1793 painting of Jean-Paul Marat lying dead in his bath after being murdered by Charlotte Corday
The Death of Socrates
Napoleon Crossing the Alps – idealized view of the real crossing that Napoleon and his army made across the Alps through the Great St. Bernard Pass in May 1800
Oath of the Horatii – fathers giving swords to Roman sons
The Intervention of the Sabine Women
The Coronation of Napoleon
Oath of the Tennis Court
The Lictors Bringing to Brutus the Bodies of His Sons
Stuart Davis (1892 – 1964) was an early American modernist painter. He was well known for his jazz-influenced, proto pop art paintings of the 1940s and 1950s, bold, brash, and colorful, as well as his ashcan pictures in the early years of the 20th century
Edgar Degas (1834 – 1917) is regarded as one of the founders of Impressionism, although he rejected the term, preferring to be called a realist. He was a superb draftsman, and particularly masterly in depicting movement, as can be seen in his renditions of dancers, racecourse subjects and female nudes. He was born in Paris, the son of a banker. Degas is also famous for bronze sculptures of dancers
Rehearsal
L’Absinthe
Eugene Delacroix (1798 – 1863)
Liberty Leading the People – hung in the Louvre. Celebrates July Revolution of 1830 against Charles X. Liberty wears a Phyrgian bonnet and is on a barricade
Massacre at Chios
The Death of Sardanapalus
Paul Delaroche (1797 – 1856)
The Execution of Lady Jane Grey
Hemicycle – a mural 27m long. Also known as The Artists of All Times
Robert Delaunay (1885 – 1941) was a French artist who, with his wife Sonia Delaunay and others, cofounded the Orphism art movement, noted for its use of strong colours and geometric shapes. The movement also aimed to express the ideals of Simultanism: the existence of an infinitude of interrelated states of being
Eiffel Tower series
City of Paris series
Window series
Cardiff Team series
Circular Forms series
Sonia Delaunay (1885 – 1979) was born Sonia Terk in Russia. Her work extends to painting, textile design and stage set design. She was the first living female artist to have a retrospective exhibition at the Louvre in 1964
Jeremy Deller (born 1966) is an English conceptual, video and installation artist. Won the Turner Prize in 2004
Battle of Orgreave
It Is What It Is – a car destroyed by a car bomb in Iraq
Charles Demuth (1883 – 1935) was an American watercolorist who turned to oils late in his career, developing a style of painting known as Precisionism
I Saw the Figure 5 in Gold
Maurice Denis (1870 – 1943) was a member of the Symbolist and Les Nabis movements. His theories contributed to the foundations of cubism, fauvism, and abstract art
Andre Derain (1888 – 1954) was the co-founder of Fauvism with Matisse
Charing Cross Bridge
Jim Dine (born 1935) is an American pop artist. He is sometimes considered to be a part of the Neo-Dada movement. Known for his Happenings series of performance art
Otto Dix (1891 – 1969) represented his traumatic experiences in World War I in many subsequent works, including a portfolio of fifty etchings called Der Krieg, published in 1924
Prager Strasse
Skat Players
William Dobson (1611 – 1646) was a portraitist and one of the first notable English painters. Dobson was based at the Royalist centre of Oxford and painted many leading Cavaliers
Peter Doig (born 1959) is a Scottish painter. Since 2002 he has lived in Trinidad
White Canoe – sold at Sotheby's in 2007 for $11.3 million, then an auction record for a living European artist
The Architect's Home in the Ravine
Gustave Dore (1832 – 1883) was a French artist, engraver, illustrator and sculptor. Dore worked primarily with wood engraving and steel engraving. Provided illustrations for the English Bible (1866). His engravings illustrated The Divine Comedy
Jean Dubuffet (1901 – 1985) coined the term Art Brut (meaning ‘raw art’, sometimes referred to as ‘outsider art’) for art produced by non-professionals working outside aesthetic norms
Marcel Duchamp (1887 – 1968) The readymades of Marcel Duchamp are ordinary manufactured objects that the artist selected and modified, e.g. Fountain (1917) signed R. Mutt
Nude Descending a Staircase, No. 2
The Bride Stripped Bare by Her Bachelors, Even, most often called The Large Glass
L.H.O.O.Q. is a cheap postcard reproduction of Leonardo da Vinci's Mona Lisa onto which Duchamp drew a moustache and beard in pencil
Raoul Dufy (1877 – 1953) was a French Fauvist painter. He developed a colourful, decorative style that became fashionable for designs for ceramics, textiles and decorative schemes for public buildings. He is noted for scenes of open-air social events
Homage to Mozart
Regatta at Cowes
Albrecht Durer (1471 – 1528) was born and died in Nuremberg and is best known for his prints, often executed in series
Apocalypse
Great Passion
Little Passion
Knight, Death, and the Devil – engravings
Saint Jerome in his Study
Melencolia I
Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse – woodcuts
Rhinoceros
Triumphal Arch
Triumphs of Maximilian – huge woodcut project by Durer, commissioned by Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor
Revelation of St John
Praying Hands
Christoffer Eckersberg (1783 – 1853) laid the foundation for the period of art known as the Golden Age of Danish Painting, and is referred to as the Father of Danish painting
Tracey Emin (born 1963) is one of the Young British Artists. She was appointed Professor of Drawing at the Royal Academy in 2011
Everyone I Have Ever Slept With 1963–1995, a tent appliquéd with names, was shown at Charles Saatchi's Sensation exhibition held at the Royal Academy. Destroyed in the 2004 Momart warehouse fire
My Bed
James Ensor (1860 – 1949) was a Belgian painter and printmaker, an important influence on expressionism and surrealism who lived in Ostend for almost his entire life. He was associated with the artistic group Les XX
Christ’s Entry into Brussels in 1889
Max Ernst (1891 – 1976) was born in Germany. Ernst was one of the primary pioneers of the Dada movement and Surrealism. Buried at the Pere Lachaise Cemetery
The Elephant Celebes
Europe after the Rain
Man Shall Know Nothing of This
Carel Fabritius (1622 – 1654) was a pupil of Rembrandt and a member of the Delft School
A View of Delft
The Goldfinch
The Sentry
Lyonel Feininger (1871 – 1956) designed the cover for the Bauhaus 1919 manifesto: an expressionist woodcut 'cathedral'. He taught at the Bauhaus for several years
Market Church in Halle
Jean Fouquet (1420 – 1481) was a French painter of the 15th century, a master of both panel painting and manuscript illumination, and the apparent inventor of the portrait miniature
Melun Diptych
Jean-Honore Fragonard (1732 – 1806) was a French rococo painter
The Swing – hung in the Wallace Collection
A Young Girl Reading
Piero della Francesca (1415 – 1492)
The Resurrection – is in the city of Sancepolcro in Tuscany. Aldous Huxley called The Resurrection ‘the best picture in the world’. True fresco technique. Christ carries a white flag with a red cross. Anthony Clarke stopped shelling in WWII to save the picture, even though he had never seen it
The History of the True Cross – is in the church of San Francesco in the Tuscan town of Arezzo
The Baptism of Christ – hung in the National Gallery
Helen Frankenthaler (1928 – 2011) was an American abstract expressionist painter. She was a major contributor to the history of postwar American painting
Lucian Freud (1922 – 2011) was born in Berlin. Grandson of Sigmund Freud. Married Kitty Garman, then Caroline Blackwood. Painted with Cremnitz white
Portrait of the Queen
Benefits Supervisor Sleeping – portrait of Sue Tilley
Caspar David Friedrich (1774 – 1840) was a German Romantic landscape painter, generally considered the most important of the movement. He is best known for his mid-period allegorical landscapes which typically feature contemplative figures silhouetted against night skies, morning mists, barren trees or Gothic ruins. Friedrich’s wife Caroline Bommer was his model in a number of paintings
Wanderer above the Sea of Fog
Moonrise over the Sea
The Abbey in the Oakwood
Chalk Cliffs on Rugen
William Powell Frith (1819 – 1909) has been described as the “greatest British painter of the social scene since Hogarth”
The Derby Day
Henry Fuseli (1741 – 1825) was born in Zurich. He favoured portraying the supernatural
The Nightmare – depicts a sleeping woman with an incubus on her stomach
Lady Macbeth Seizing the Daggers
Thomas Gainsborough (1727 – 1788) was born in Suffolk. Gainsborough painted portraits of his daughters, and did a number of paintings of David Garrick
Mr and Mrs Andrews
Mrs Sarah Siddons
The Blue Boy – portrait of Jonathan Buttall
Mr and Mrs William Hallett (The Morning Walk)
Paul Gauguin (1848 – 1903) was a Parisian stockbroker, and a Post-Impressionist artist. In 1873, Gauguin married a Danish woman, Mette-Sophie Gad. Paul Gauguin spent his last years on the Marquesas Islands, in French Polynesia. Many paintings of Tahitian women. Gauguin was also an influential proponent of wood engraving and woodcuts as art forms
Jacob Wrestling with the Angel
The Green Christ and The Yellow Christ are considered to the key-works of Symbolism in painting
Nevermore
Artemisia Gentileschi (1593 – 1656) was an Italian Early Baroque painter, today considered one of the most accomplished painters in the generation influenced by Caravaggio. In an era when women painters were not easily accepted by the artistic community, she was the first female painter to become a member of the Accademia di Arte del Disegno in Florence
Judith Slaying Holofernes
Self-Portrait as the Allegory of Painting
Francois Gerard (1770 – 1837)
Portrait of the Empress Josephine
Theodore Gericault (1791 – 1824)
The Raft of the Medusa – Medusa was a frigate that set sail from France for Senegal in 1816. Displayed in the Louvre
Marcus Gheeraerts (1561 – 1636)
Ditchley Portrait – a 1592 portrait of Elizabeth I displayed in the National Portrait Gallery
Gilbert & George – Gilbert Proesch (born 1943 in Italy) and George Passmore (born 1942 in Plymouth). The two first met in 1967 while studying sculpture at St Martin’s School of Art. For many years, Gilbert & George have been residents of Spitalfields. The pair are perhaps best known for their large-scale photo works, known as The Pictures
Francoise Gilot (born 1921) is a French born painter. She is also known as the lover and artistic muse of Pablo Picasso from 1944 to 1953, and the mother of his children, Claude Picasso and Paloma Picasso. The film Surviving Picasso is seen through the eyes of Gilot
Giorgione (c. 1477 – 1510) was an Italian painter of the High Renaissance in Venice. Pupil of Giovanni Bellini. Giorgione is known for the elusive poetic quality of his work. Born Giorgio Barbarelli da Castelfranco
Sleeping Venus
The Tempest
Giotto di Bondone (1267 – 1337) was a shepherd, born in Tuscany. was a student of Cimabue. He drew a perfect circle when the Pope wanted to see his work
Arena Chapel cycle of the Cappella degli Scrovegni in Padua depicting the life of the Virgin and the passion of Christ
Ognissanti Madonna
Thomas Girtin (1775 – 1802) was a friend and rival of J. M. W. Turner, and played a key role in establishing watercolour as a reputable art form
Albert Gleizes (1881 – 1953) was a founder of Cubism and an influence on the School of Paris. Albert Gleizes and Jean Metzinger wrote the first major treatise on Cubism, Du Cubisme, in 1912
Natalia Goncharova (1881 – 1962) was a Russian avant-garde artist (Cubo-Futurism). Together with her husband Mikhail Larionov she first developed Rayonism. They were the main progenitors of the pre-Revolution Russian avant-garde organising the Donkey's Tail exhibition of 1912. She was also a set and costume designed for the Ballet Russes
The Flowers – sold in 2008 for $10.8 million
Cyclist
Arshile Gorky (1905 – 1948) was an Armenian-born American painter who had a seminal influence on Abstract Expressionism. As such, his works were often speculated to have been informed by the suffering and loss he experienced of the Armenian genocide
The Artist and his Mother
Francisco Goya (1746 – 1828), full name Francisco Jose de Goya y Lucientes. Goya was court painter to Charles IV. Many of Goya's works are on display in the Museo del Prado in Madrid. Goya became deaf
Black Paintings – a group of 14 paintings that portray intense, haunting themes
Saturn Devouring His Son – one of the Black Paintings
The Disasters of War – depicts scenes from the Peninsular War
The Second of May 1808 – also known as The Charge of the Mamelukes is hung in the Prado
The Third of May 1808: The Execution of the Defenders of Madrid – depicts a scene from the Spanish war of liberation when many innocent citizens were shot by Napoleon's troops the morning following a popular uprising in Madrid. Hung in the Prado
The Nude Maja (La maja desnuda) and The Clothed Maja (La maja vestida) – depict the same woman in the same pose, naked and clothed, respectively
El Coloso
Portrait of the Duke of Wellington – was stolen from the National Gallery in 1961 and recovered in 1965
Los Caprichos – a set of 80 aquatint prints created. The work was an enlightened, tour-de-force critique of 18th-century Spain, and humanity in general
Duncan Grant (1885 – 1978) was a member of the Bloomsbury Group. He often worked with, and was influenced by, Roger Fry. As well as painting landscapes and portraits, Fry designed textiles and ceramics
El Greco (1541 – 1614) was born in Crete, real name Domenikos Theotokopoulos. Lived in Toledo. He is best known for tortuously elongated figures and often fantastic or phantasmagorical pigmentation
The Burial of the Count of Orgaz – is widely considered to be his best-known work
The Disrobing of Christ – hung in Toledo Cathedral
Opening of the Fifth Seal
Juan Gris (1888 – 1927) was known as ‘the third cubist’. Born in Madrid
George Grosz (1893 – 1959). He was a prominent member of the Berlin Dada and New Objectivity group during the Weimar Republic before he emigrated to the United States in 1933
The Pillars of Society
Dedicated to Oskar Panizza
Matthias Grunewald (c. 1470 – 1528)
Isenheim Altarpiece – on display at the Unterlinden Museum at Colmar, Alsace
Francesco Guardi (1712 – 1793) was a Venetian painter of veduta, a member of the Venetian School. He is considered to be among the last practitioners of the classic Venetian school of painting
Renato Guttuso (1912 – 1987). Italian painter and anti-Fascist
Flight from Etna
Crucifixion
La Vucciria
Frans Hals (1580 – 1666) was born in Antwerp. Frans Hals museum is in Haarlem. Franz Hals painted large group portraits, for local civic guards and for the regents of local hospitals
Laughing Cavalier – painted in 1624, is displayed at the Wallace Collection
Young Man with a Skull – Franz Hals
Richard Hamilton (1922 – 2011)
Just What Is It that Makes Today's Homes So Different, So Appealing – is considered by critics and historians to be one of the early works of Pop Art
Hommage a Chrysler Corp – Richard Hamilton
Marcus Harvey (born 1963).
Myra – portrayal of Moors murderer Myra Hindley, created from handprints taken from a plaster cast of a child’s hand, and shown in the Sensation exhibition at the Royal Academy of Art in 1997. The painting had to be temporarily removed from display for repair after it was attacked in two separate incidents on the opening day
Childe Hassam (1859 – 1935) was a prolific American Impressionist painter, noted for his urban and coastal scenes. Hassam was instrumental in promulgating Impressionism to American collectors
Mona Hatoum (born 1952 in Beirut) is a Palestinian video artist and installation artist
The Entire World as a Foreign Land – was at the inaugural launch of the Tate Britain
Erich Heckel (1883 – 1970). Heckel was a founding member of the Die Brucke group. In 1937 the Nazi Party declared his work "degenerate"
Glass Day
Patrick Heron (1920 – 1999) was an abstract artist born in Leeds and based in St Ives
Nicholas Hilliard (c. 1547 – 1619) was an English goldsmith best known for his portrait miniatures of members of the courts of Elizabeth I and James I. He mostly painted small oval miniatures
Hiroshige (1797 – 1858) was a Japanese ukiyo-e artist. Series of works
The Fifty-three Stations of the Tōkaidō
The Sixty-nine Stations of the Kisokaidō
One Hundred Famous Views of Edo
Damien Hirst (born 1945) was born in Bristol and grew up in Leeds. was one of the Young British Artists. Graduated from Goldsmiths College. Organiser of the Freeze exhibition in 1988. He won the Turner Prize in 1995. He is reportedly the United Kingdom's richest living artist
The Physical Impossibility of Death in the Mind of Someone Living – a 14’ tiger shark immersed in formaldehyde in a display case became the iconic work of British art in the 1990s
Away from the Flock – a dead sheep in a glass tank of formaldehyde
Mother and Child Divided – a cow and a calf sliced in half in a glass tank of formaldehyde
For the Love of God – a platinum cast of an 18th century skull covered in 8,601 diamonds
Hannah Hoch (1889 – 1978) was a German Dada artist. She is best known for her work of the Weimar period, when she was one of the originators of photomontage
David Hockney (born in 1937 in Bradford) was important contributor to the Pop art movement of the 1960s
Mr and Mrs Clark and Percy – a picture of fashion designers Celia Birtwell and Ossie Clark. Percy is a white cat
A Bigger Splash
Howard Hodgkin (1932-2017) was an abstract artist. In 1984, Hodgkin represented Britain at the Venice Biennale, in 1985 he won the Turner Prize, and in 1992 he was knighted
William Hogarth (1697 – 1764) was an English painter, printmaker, pictorial satirist, social critic, and editorial cartoonist. His work ranged from realistic portraiture to comic strip-like series of pictures called "modern moral subjects". Hogarth's House in Chiswick is now a museum
A Rakes Progress – set of eight pictures
Marriage a-la-Mode – set of six pictures
A Harlot’s Progress – series of six plates
Gin Lane
The Beggar’s Opera
The Four Stages of Cruelty – a series of four printed engravings. Each print depicts a different stage in the life of the fictional Tom Nero
The Shrimp Girl
Hokusai (c. 1760 – 1849)
36 Views of Mount Fuji, - an ukiyo-e series of 36 large, color woodblock prints. Includes The Great Wave off Kanagawa, which has three rowing boats under the pyramidal wave
Hans Holbein (1497 – 1543) painted many portraits at the court of Henry VIII
The Ambassadors (1533) – is hung in the National Gallery. The sitters, both Frenchmen, were Jean de Dinteville, who was ambassador to England and Georges de Selve. Contains a skull, rendered in anamorphic perspective, which is meant to be nearly subliminal as the viewer must approach the painting nearly from the side of the painting to see the form morph into a completely accurate rendering of a human skull
1523 portrait of Erasmus
Holbein painted Christina of Denmark, who turned down Henry VIII’s proposal, before he painted Anne of Cleves in 1539
Portrait of a Lady with a Squirrel and a Starling
Portrait of Edward VI as a Child
Winslow Homer (1836 – 1910) was an American painter who lived in Northumberland from 1881 to 1882. Many paintings of sea views
Pieter de Hooch (1629 – 1684) was a genre painter during the Dutch Golden Age. He was a contemporary and archrival of Dutch Master Jan Vermeer, with whom his work shared themes and style
Edward Hopper (1882 – 1967) was an American realist painter and printmaker. Edward Hopper always used his wife, Jo, as his model
Nighthawks – a 1942 painting that portrays four people in a downtown diner late at night. Displayed at the Art Institute of Chicago
House by the Railroad – first painting purchased by MOMA
Peter Howson (born 1958) was the British official war artist in the 1993 Bosnian Civil War
Madonna and Husband
William Holman Hunt (1827 – 1910) was one of the founders of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood, and travelled to the Holy Land in the 1850s
The Light of the World – an allegorical painting representing the figure of Jesus preparing to knock on an overgrown and long-unopened door. Housed at Keble College Oxford
The Awakening Conscience. Annie Miller was the model
The Scapegoat
The Hireling Shepherd
Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres (1780 – 1867)
Napoleon I on his Imperial Throne
Odalisque with a Slave
The Turkish Bath
La Source
Alexei von Jawlensky (1864 – 1941) was a Russian expressionist painter active in Germany. He was a member of the Blue Rider group
Portrait of Alexander Sakharoff
Augustus John (1878 – 1961) was born in Tenby. He was married to Dorothy ‘Dorelia’ McNeill
Gwen John (1876 – 1939) was a Welsh artist who worked in France for most of her career. She was a mistress of Rodin. Brother of Augustus John
Jasper Johns (born 1930) lover of Robert Rauschenburg
Flag – a 1954 painting of the US flag (with 48 stars). It is an encaustic painting, using heated beeswax to which coloured pigments are added
Target with Four Faces
White Flag
Three Flags
Ray Johnson (1927 – 1995) was an important figure in the history of Neo-Dada and early Pop art. Once called "New York's most famous unknown artist", Johnson also staged and participated in early performance art events
George W. Joy (1844 – 1925)
General Gordon’s Last Stand
Wassily Kandinsky (1866 – 1944) was a Russian artist. Member of the Blaue Reiter group. From 1909 onward, Kandinsky began to divide his more important works into three categories: Impressions, Improvisations, and Compositions. Kandinsky taught at the Bauhaus from 1922 to 1933
Angelica Kauffman (1741 – 1807) was a Swiss-Austrian Neoclassical painter
Portrait of Sir Joshua Reynolds
Frida Kahlo (1907 – 1954) was a Mexican painter married to artist Diego Rivera. Many self-portraits, some with a monkey
Still Life Painting of Watermelon with the words ‘Viva La Vida’
Ellsworth Kelly (1923-2015) was associated with hard-edge painting, Color Field painting and the Minimalist school
Blue Green Red
Ernst Kirchner (1880 – 1938). Kirchner was a founding member of the Die Brucke group
Artiste (Marcella)
Potsdamer Platz
Berlin Street Scene
Self-Portrait as a Soldier
R.B. Kitaj (1932 – 2007) was an American artist with Jewish roots who spent much of his life in England. Kitaj had a significant influence on British Pop art
Paul Klee (1879 – 1940) was born in Switzerland. Affiliated to the Blaue Reiter. Taught at the Bauhaus with Kandinsky
Twittering Machine
Fish Magic
Red Balloon
Yves Klein (1928 – 1962) was the leading member of the French artistic movement of Nouveau realisme founded in 1960. Klein was a pioneer in the development of Performance art. International Klein Blue (IKB) is a deep blue hue first mixed by Yves Klein. IKB's visual impact comes from its heavy reliance on Ultramarine
Gustav Klimt (1862 – 1918) was an Austrian Symbolist painter and one of the most prominent members of the Vienna Art Nouveau (Vienna Secession) movement. Klimt used gold leaf in a number of paintings in his ‘Golden Phase’
The Kiss – hung in Belvedere Gallery, Vienna. Painted in 1908. Originally called The Lovers
Beethoven Frieze – based on Beethoven’s ninth symphony. Contains an image of Mahler. Now on permanent display in the Vienna Secession Building
Judith and the Head of Holofernes
Portrait of Adele Bloch-Bauer I
Danae
Hilma af Klint (1862 – 1944) was a Swedish artist and mystic whose paintings were amongst the first abstract art
Christen Kobke (1810 – 1848) is one of the best-known artists belonging to the Golden Age of Danish Painting
Oskar Kokoschka (1886 – 1980) was an Austrian artist and poet of Czech origin, best known for his intense expressionistic portraits and landscapes
The Bride of the Wind or The Tempest – a picture of Kokoschka and his lover Alma Mahler
Kathe Kollwitz (1867 – 1945) was a German painter, printmaker, and sculptor whose work offered an eloquent and often searing account of the human condition in the first half of the 20th century. Her work embraced the victims of poverty, hunger, and war
Willem de Kooning (1904 – 1997) was born in Rotterdam. Married abstract expressionist painter Elaine Marie Fried, later known as Elaine de Kooning, in 1943
Woman series
Lee Krasner (1908 – 1984) was an influential American abstract expressionist painter in the second half of the 20th century. In 1945, she married artist Jackson Pollock
Utagawa Kuniyoshi (1797 – 1861) was one of the great masters of the ‘floating world’, or ukiyo-e, school of Japanese art, that depicted the entertainment district (or floating world) of Edo, now Tokyo
Frantisek Kupka (1871 – 1957) was a Czech painter and a co-founder of the early phases of Orphic cubism (Orphism)
Discs of Newton
Yayoi Kusama (born 1929) is a Japanese artist and writer. Throughout her career she has worked in a wide variety of mediums, including painting, collage, sculpture, performance art and environmental installations, most of which exhibit her thematic interest in psychedelic colours, repetition and pattern. Known as the “Princess of polka dots”. A major retrospective of her work was held at Tate Modern in 2012
Edwin Henry Landseer (1802 – 1873)
Dignity and Impudence – dogs
The Monarch of the Glen
Laying Down the Law satirizes the legal profession. It depicts dogs in the roles of members of the court with a French poodle centre stage as the judge
Man Proposes, God Disposes – features two polar bears eating dead men from the Franklin expedition
Michael Landy (born 1963) is best known for the performance piece installation Break Down (2001), in which he destroyed all his possessions, and for the Art Bin project at the South London Gallery
Thomas Lawrence (1769 – 1830) was a leading English portrait painter and president of the Royal Academy. He is particularly remembered as the Romantic portraitist of the Regency
Mark Leckey (born 1964) won the 2008 Turner Prize for his exhibition Industrial Lights and Magic, which included Felix the Cat
Fernand Leger (1881 – 1955) was a French painter, sculptor, and filmmaker. In his early works he created a personal form of Cubism which he gradually modified into a more figurative, populist style. Forerunner of pop art. Style of work known as Tubism
The Three Women
Frederic Leighton (1830 – 1896). Leighton was the first painter to be given a peerage, in the New Year Honours List of 1896, becoming Baron Leighton, of Stretton in Shropshire. Leighton died the next day
Flaming June
Peter Lely (1618 – 1680) was born Pieter van der Faes to Dutch parents in Westphalia. Portrait artist to Charles I. His talent ensured that his career was not interrupted by Charles's execution, and he served Oliver Cromwell, whom he painted "warts and all", and Richard Cromwell
Tamara de Lempicka (1898 – 1980) was born Maria Gorska in a wealthy family in Warsaw, and died in Mexico. Influenced by Cubism, Lempicka became the leading representative of the Art Deco style across two continents, and a favourite artist of many Hollywood stars
Auto-Portrait (Tamara in the Green Bugatti) – painted for the cover of the German fashion magazine Die Dame
The Musician
Leonardo da Vinci (1452 – 1519) was born in Vinci, Tuscany. Leonardo da Vinci was court painter to Francis I of France in the last few years of his life
Mona Lisa – short for ‘Madonna Lisa’, portrait of Lisa Gerardini, the wife of a Florence cloth merchant. Painted c. 1503. First owned by Francis I. Stolen in 1911 by Vincenzo Peruga. Painted in oil on a panel made from poplar
Georgio Vasari gave the name Mona Lisa to the painting known as La Giaconda
Vitruvian Man – the drawing, which is in pen and ink on paper, depicts a male figure in two superimposed positions with his arms and legs apart and simultaneously inscribed in a circle and square. The drawing is based on the correlations of ideal human proportions with geometry described by the ancient Roman architect Vitruvius in Book III of his treatise De Architectura
The Last Supper – painted onto the walls of the Convent of Santa Maria delle Grazie near Milan. Ccommissioned by Ludovico Sforza, also known as Ludovico the Moor
Il Cenacolo – The Last Supper
Jesus and the 12 apostles are in da Vinci’s The Last Supper
Virgin of the Rocks (sometimes the Madonna of the Rocks) is the usual title used for both of two different paintings with almost identical compositions, which are at least largely by Leonardo da Vinci. They are in the Louvre and the National Gallery, London. The Louvre version features in The Da Vinci Code
Adoration of the Magi – was unfinished
The Lady with an Ermine
Salvator Mundi – most expensive painting sold at auction
Madonna Litta – hung in the Hermitage
Emanuel Leutze (1816 – 1868) was a German American artist
Washington Crossing the Delaware – is in commemoration of Washington's crossing of the Delaware on 25 December 1776 before the Battle of Trenton
Wyndham Lewis (1882 – 1957). He was a co-founder of the Vorticist movement, and edited the literary magazine of the Vorticists, BLAST
The Crowd
Roy Lichtenstein (1923 – 1997) was an American pop artist known for pictures using Ben-Day dots
Whaam! – displayed at Tate Modern
Look Mickey – is regarded as the bridge between Roy Lichtenstein’s abstract expressionism and pop art works
Drowning Girl
Little Big Painting – paintings based on DC Comics’ Secret Hearts magazine and All-American Men of War
Max Liebermann (1847 – 1935) was a German-Jewish painter and printmaker, and one of the leading proponents of Impressionism in Germany
Filippo Lippi (1406 – 1469) was an Early Renaissance Italian artist
Filippino Lippi (1459 – 1504) was the illegitimate son of Filippo Lippi
Apparition of the Virgin to St. Bernard
El Lissitsky (1890 – 1941) was an important figure of the Russian avant garde, helping develop suprematism with his mentor, Kazimir Malevich, and designing numerous exhibition displays and propaganda works for the former Soviet Union. His work greatly influenced the Bauhaus and constructivist movements, and he experimented with production techniques and stylistic devices that would dominate 20th century graphic design
Liu Bolin (born 1973) is a Chinese artist. He makes photographs of himself camouflage-painted to blend in with the background. One series is called Hiding In The City
Richard Long (born 1945) is an English sculptor, photographer and painter, one of the best-known British land artists. Richard Long is the only artist to be shortlisted for the Turner Prize four times, and he is reputed to have refused the prize in 1984. He was nominated in 1984, 1987, 1988 and he then won the award in 1989 for White Water Line
A Line Made by Walking – first work
Pietro Longhi (1701 – 1785) was a Venetian painter of contemporary scenes of life
Clara the rhinoceros – the rhinoceros was exhibited in Venice in 1751
Claude Lorrain (1600 – 1682), French landscape painter who inspired Turner. Born Claude Gellee, known as Claude. Many paintings in pairs – seascapes are paired with landscapes, and sunsets with sunrises
Seaport with the Embarkation of the Queen of Sheba
View of Carthage with Dido and Aeneas
Coast View
Landscape with Apollo and Mercury
LS Lowry (1887 – 1976) was a rent collector. Lowry is famous for painting scenes of life in the industrial districts of North West England. Many of his drawings and paintings depict Pendlebury, where he lived and worked for more than 40 years and also Salford and its surrounding areas. Lowry turned down a knighthood, an OBE and a CBE. Painted many portraits of ‘Ann’
Sarah Lucas (born 1962). Her works frequently employ visual puns and bawdy humour
Pauline Bunny
Margaret MacDonald (1864 – 1933), wife of Charles Rennie Mackintosh. Her design work became one of the defining features of the “Glasgow Style” during the 1890s
The White Rose and the Red Rose
August Macke (1887 – 1914) was a member of Der Blaue Reiter. He visited Tunisia with Paul Klee. Macke's career was cut short by his early death at the front in Champagne in September 1914
Daniel Maclise (1806 – 1870) was an Irish history, literary and portrait painter, and illustrator, who worked for most of his life in London
The Meeting of Wellington and Blücher – on the walls of Westminster Palace
The Death of Nelson
Ford Madox Brown (1821 – 1893) was a teacher to Dante Gabriel Rossetti. Grandfather of Ford Madox Ford
Work
The Last of England
The Hayfield
Rene Magritte (1898 – 1967) was a surrealist artist born in Belgium
Le Viol (The Rape) – female face with body parts
The Treachery of Images – subtitled ‘This is not a pipe’
Golconda – painting of men with bowler hats in the sky
The Reckless Sleeper
The Son of Man – a man’s face is obscured by a green apple
Time Transfixed – depicts a locomotive jutting out of a fireplace, at full steam, in an empty room
Kazimir Malevich (1879 – 1935) was a Russian painter. He was a pioneer of geometric abstract art and the originator of the avant-garde, Suprematist movement. He signed late paintings with a black square. Involved with cubo-futurism. Organised 0.10 exhibition
Black Square – first Suprematist painting
Self-portrait wearing red hat
Edouard Manet (1832 – 1883) married Suzanne Leenhoff. Manet fought a sword duel with Durante
A Bar at the Folies-Bergere
The Execution of the Emperor Maximilian – banned by censors. Parts of one painting were probably cut off by Manet
Olympia – pose based on Titian’s Venus of Urbino. The model, Victorine Meurent, went on to become an accomplished painter in her own right
Berthe Morisot with a Bouquet of Violets – hung in Musee d’Orsay
Le déjeuner sur l'herbe – originally titled Le Bain (The Bath). Shown at Salon des Refuses in 1863. Model – Victorine Meurent. Hung in Musee d’Orsay
The Surprised Nymph
Olympia appears in background of Manet’s painting Portrait of Emile Zola
The Fifer or Young Flautist
Music in the Tuileries
Masked Ball at the Opera
Andrea Mantegna (c. 1431 – 1506) was an Italian painter, a student of Roman archeology, and son in law of Jacopo Bellini. Like other artists of the time, Mantegna experimented with perspective. Mantegna painted many frescoes in the Palazzo Ducale in Mantua
Agony in the Garden – housed in National Gallery
Presentation at the Temple
Calvary
Piero Manzoni (1933 – 1963)
Artist’s Shit
Franz Marc (1880 – 1916) was a founder of Der Blaue Reiter. Many abstract paintings of brightly coloured animals. Killed at the Battle of Verdun in 1916
John Martin (1789 – 1854) was known for apocalyptic paintings
The Great Day of His Wrath
The Destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah
Simone Martini (c. 1284 – 1344) was an Italian painter born in Siena. He was a major figure in the development of early Italian painting and greatly influenced the development of the International Gothic style
Masaccio (1401 – 1428) was the first great painter of the Quattrocento (15th century) period of the Italian Renaissance. He was one of the first to use Linear perspective in his painting, employing techniques such as vanishing point in art for the first time
Henri Matisse (1869 – 1954) lived and died in Nice. Matisse decorated the Chapel of the Rosary at Vence. A number of works by Matisse were purchased by Sergei Schukin, and are now displayed in The Hermitage. Matisse spent seven months in Morocco from 1912 to 1913
Music
The Dance
The Snail
Icarus
Woman with a Hat
The Dessert: Harmony in Red
Odalisque with Arms Raised
Jazz (1947) – an artist's book of about one hundred prints based on paper cutouts
Luxe, Calme et Volupte – was painted in 1904, after a summer spent working in St. Tropez on the French Riviera alongside the neo-Impressionist painters Paul Signac and Henri Edmond Cross. The painting is Matisse's most important work in which he used the Divisionist technique advocated by Signac
Quentin Matsys (1466 – 1530) was a founder of the Antwerp School. Born in Leuven
A Grotesque Old Woman (or The Ugly Duchess) – served as a basis for John Tenniel's depiction of the Duchess in Alice's Adventures in Wonderland. It is likely a depiction of a real person with Paget's disease
Steve McQueen (born 1969) went to Iraq as an official war artist in 2006. The following year he presented Queen and Country, a piece which commemorated the deaths of British soldiers who died in the Iraq War by presenting their portraits as a sheet of stamps. Won the Turner Prize in 1999
William McTaggart (1835 – 1910) was a landscape painter known as the “Scottish impressionist”
Hans Memling (1430 – 1494) was a German-born painter who moved to Flanders and worked in the tradition of Early Netherlandish painting, becoming one of the leading artists from the 1460s
Adolph Menzel (1815 – 1905) was noted for his drawings, etchings, and paintings. Along with Caspar David Friedrich, he is considered one of the two most prominent German artists of the 19th century
Jean Metzinger (1883 – 1956) was a major 20th century French painter, theorist, writer, critic and poet, who, along with Albert Gleizes developed the theoretical foundations of Cubism
Michelangelo Buonarroti (1475 – 1564) studied at the Medici Academy in Florence. While both were apprenticed to Bertoldo di Giovanni, Pietro Torrigiano struck the 17-year-old on the nose, and thus caused that disfigurement which is so conspicuous in all the portraits of Michelangelo
He painted scenes from Genesis on the Sistine Chapel from 1509 to 1512, which interrupted his building the tomb of Pope Julius II. The fresco of The Last Judgment on the altar wall of the Sistine Chapel was commissioned by Pope Clement VII, who died shortly after assigning the commission
The Madonna and Child with St John and Angels – also known as The Manchester Madonna, is an unfinished painting in the National Gallery
John Everett Millais (1829 – 1896) was granted a baronetcy by Gladstone in 1885, the first artist to be honoured with a hereditary title. After the death of Frederic Leighton in 1896, Millais was elected President of the Royal Academy
Bubbles – bought by Pears to advertise their soap. William Milbourne James was the child model for Bubbles
Isabella – first pre-Raphaelite work, 1849. Signed PRB (standing for Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood)
The Boyhood of Raleigh – depicts the young Sir Walter Raleigh by the seawall at Budleigh Salterton
Christ in the House of His Parents
Mariana – depicts the character from Shakespeare’s play Measure for Measure
Ophelia – depicted as she falls into the stream and drowns, is one of the best-known illustrations from Shakespeare's play Hamlet
Jean-Francois Millet (1814 – 1875) was one of the founders of the Barbizon school in rural France. He is noted for his scenes of peasant farmers
The Gleaners – depicts women stooping in the fields to glean the leftovers from the harvest
Joan Mitchell (1925 – 1992) was a member of the American abstract expressionist movement, even though much of her career took place in France
Amedeo Modigliani (1884 – 1920) was born in Livorno and moved to Paris in 1906. Modigliani’s lover, Jeanne Hebuterne, committed suicide two days after his death in 1920 at the age of 35. He previously had an affair with Beatrice Hastings, and both were models. A 1917 exhibition of nudes by in Paris by Modigliani was closed down for obscenity. He destroyed practically all of his own early work
Nu couché (also known as as Red Nude or Reclining Nude – was sold for $120 million in 2015
Joan Miro (1893 – 1983) was a Surrealist artist born in Barcelona
The Tilled Field
The Harlequin’s Carnival
Piet Mondrian (1872 – 1944) was an important contributor to the De Stijl art movement and group, which was founded by Theo van Doesburg. He evolved a non-representational form which he termed Neo-Plasticism. This consisted of white ground, upon which was painted a grid of vertical and horizontal black lines and the three primary colors
Compositions
Broadway Boogie Woogie
Victory Boogie Woogie
Claude Monet (1840 – 1926) served in Algeria with French Army, returning home with typhoid. From 1871 to 1878 Monet lived at Argenteuil, a village on the right bank of the Seine river near Paris, where he painted some of his best-known works. Monet fled to London at start of Franco-Prussian war, and studied the works of Constable and Turner. Monet has cataracts in later life. Died at Giverny. Monet’s house and garden, along with the Museum of Impressionism Giverny, are major attractions in Giverny
Monet did many paintings of rock arches at Etretat and Gare Saint Lazare in Paris
Impression, Sunrise – picture of Le Havre harbour. Led to Louis Leroy coining the term ‘Impressionism’
Water Lilies – series of 250 oil paintings. Monet presented the paintings to the state in 1918. Hung in the Musée de l'Orangerie
Rouen Cathedral – series of 26 views
Haystacks
Poplars
Le déjeuner sur l'herbe – unfinished version of Manet’s painting
Gustave Moreau (1826 – 1898). French symbolist artist
Hesiod and the Muse
Salome
Berthe Morisot (1841 – 1895) was Manet’s sister-in-law, and also an impressionist painter
Malcolm Morley (1931-2018) was best known as a photorealist. He won the inaugural Turner Prize in 1984
Grandma Moses (1860 – 1961), was a renowned American folk artist. Real name Anna Mary Moses
Koloman Moser (1868 – 1918) was an Austrian artist who exerted considerable influence on twentieth-century graphic art and one of the foremost artists of the Vienna Secession movement and a co-founder of Wiener Werkstatte
Robert Motherwell (1915 – 1991) was one of the youngest of the New York School. Many black and white abstract expressionist paintings. Married to Helen Frankenthaler
Alphonse Mucha (1860 – 1939) was a Czech Art Nouveau painter. Mucha produced many advertisements, including an advertising poster for a play featuring Sarah Bernhardt
The Slav Epic – a series of twenty huge paintings depicting the history of the Czech and the Slavic people in general
Edvard Munch (1863 – 1944) was a Norwegian Symbolist painter, printmaker and an important forerunner of expressionistic art
The Scream – is part of a series The Frieze of Life, in which Munch explored the themes of life, love, fear, death, and melancholia. Landscape in the background is the Oslofjord, viewed from the hill of Ekeberg, in Oslo (then Kristiania). Originally known as Despair
Between the Clock and the Bed
The Sick Child
Alfred Munnings (1878 – 1959) was known as one of England's finest painters of horses, and as an outspoken enemy of Modernism. War artist to the Canadian Cavalry Brigade in World War I
Gabrielle Munter (1877 – 1962) was a companion of Kandinsky. Bought a house in Murnau, where she died
Bartolome Murillo (1617 – 1692) was a Spanish Baroque painter. Although he is best known for his religious works, Murillo also produced a considerable number of paintings of poor women and children
John Nash (1893 – 1977) was the younger brother of Paul Nash. Fought in World War I in the Artists Rifles
Paul Nash (1889 – 1946) co-founded the Unit One art group with Henry Moore and Barbara Hepworth. Unit One was active from 1933 to 1935. Official war artist in World War I and World War II. Surrealist paintings of Avebury. Many paintings displayed at Imperial War Museum in London. Paul Nash illustrated the Shell Guide to Dorset
Wittenham Clumps in Oxfordshire were repeatedly painted by Paul Nash
The Menin Road
We Are Making a New World
Christopher R. W. Nevinson (1889 – 1946) was an official war artist in World War I and a futurist artist
Paths of Glory
La Mitrailleuse
The Arrival
Barnett Newman (1905 – 1970) was one of the major figures in abstract expressionism and one of the foremost of the color field painters. Newman was born in New York City, the son of Jewish immigrants from Poland. Early works characterized by areas of colour separated by thin vertical lines, or "zips" as Newman called them
Ben Nicholson (1894 – 1982) was a British painter of abstract compositions (sometimes in low relief), landscape and still-life. Influenced by Picasso and Mondrian. Married to Barbara Hepworth
Sidney Nolan (1917 – 1992) was born in Australia. His most famous work is a series of stylized descriptions of the bushranger Ned Kelly in the Australian Outback
Emil Nolde (1867 – 1956) adopted his birthplace as a pseudonym. Emil Nolde was was one of the first Expressionists, and was a member of Die Brucke
Georgia O’Keeffe (1887 – 1986) is best known for her paintings of enlarged flowers, New York skyscrapers, and New Mexico landscapes. Georgia O’Keeffe Museum is in Santa Fe. Georgia O’Keeffe was married to photographer Alfred Stieglitz
Cow’s Skull: Red, White and Blue
Jimson Weed/White Flower No. 1 – was sold at auction to Walmart heiress Alice Walton in 2014 for $44 million
John Opie (1761 – 1807) was known as the “Cornish wonder”. He painted many great men and women of his day
Jean-Baptiste Oudry (1686 – 1755) was a French Rococo painter. He is particularly well known for his naturalistic pictures of animals and his hunt pieces depicting game
Clara the Rhinoceros
Samuel Palmer (1805 – 1881) was an English landscape painter, etcher and printmaker. He was also a prolific writer. Palmer was a key figure in English Romanticism and produced visionary pastoral paintings
Parmigianino (1503 – 1540) “the little one from Parma”. was an Italian Mannerist painter
Vision of Saint Jerome
Madonna with the Long Neck
Cornelia Parker (born 1956) is best known for large-scale installations
Cold Dark Matter: An Exploded View – she had a garden shed blown up by the British Army and suspended the fragments as if suspending the explosion process in time
Victor Pasmore (1908 – 1998) was an artist and architect who pioneered the development of abstract art in Britain in the 1940s and 1950s
Max Pechstein (1881 – 1955). Member of the Die Brucke group
Palau Triptych
Grayson Perry (born 1960). Won the Turner Prize in 2003. Claire – female alter-ego. Alan Measles – childhood teddy bear
Walthamstow Tapestry
Map of Nowhere – inspired by the Hereford Mappa Mundi
The Vanity of Small Differences – work based on A Rake’s Progress
Westfield Vase
The Tomb of the Unknown Craftsman
Pietro Perugino (c. 1460 – 1523) was the leading painter of the Umbrian school, who developed some of the qualities that found classic expression in the High Renaissance. Raphael was his most famous pupil
Delivery of the Keys, or Christ Giving the Keys to St. Peter – a fresco located in the Sistine Chapel, Rome
Francis Picabia (1879 – 1953) was a French painter and poet, associated with both the Dada and Surrealist art movements
Pablo Picasso (1881 – 1973) took his mother’s surname. His father’s surname was Ruiz. In 1918, Picasso married Olga Khokhlova, a ballerina with Sergei Diaghilev’s troupe. Jacqueline Roque was the second wife of Pablo Picasso and his frequent model. Blue Period (1901 – 1904) was influenced by the suicide of his friend Carlos Casagemas. Rose Period (1904 – 1906) was influenced by his relationship with Fernande Olivier. Picasso had a long affair with Marie-Therese Walter. Sylvette David was Picasso’s ‘Girl with the Ponytail’. Picasso painted a dachshund called Lump 40 times. In 1944 Picasso joined the French Communist Party, and in 1950 received the Lenin Peace Prize from the Soviet government. A dove drawn by Picasso is used as a peace symbol. Gertrude Stein became Picasso's principal patron, acquiring his drawings and paintings and exhibiting them in her informal Salon at her home in Paris. At one of her gatherings in 1905, he met Henri Matisse, who was to become a lifelong friend and rival. Picasso designed the set and costumes for Parade, a ballet with music by Erik Satie and a one-act scenario by Jean Cocteau. Cezanne and Gauguin were taught by Picasso. Dora Maar is most widely known as Pablo Picasso's muse of nearly a decade (beginning late 1930s), including for Guernica and The Weeping Woman. Picasso came to Britain in 1919 with Sergei Diaghilev to design sets and costumes for The Three-Cornered Hat
Les Demoiselles d'Avignon – painted in 1907. The work portrays five nude female prostitutes from a brothel on Carrer d'Avinyo (Avignon Street) in Barcelona. Picasso referred to the painting as his Brothel painting calling it Le Bordel d'Avignon but André Salmon retitled it Les Demoiselles d'Avignon so as to lessen its scandalous impact on the public. Hung in MoMA, New York
Guernica (1937) is exhibited at the Museo Reina Sofia in Madrid
The Absinthe Drinker – portrait of Angel Fernandez De Soto
Women of Algiers – inspired by Eugene Delacroix's 1834 painting The Women of Algiers in their Apartment
The Three Dancers
Three Musicians
Picasso made many drawings of Le déjeuner sur l'herbe
Bull's Head – a found object artwork, created in 1942 from seat and handlebars of a bicycle
Vollard Suite – a set of 100 etchings in the neoclassical style produced from 1930–1937
John Piper (1903 – 1992) designed the stained glass windows for Coventry Cathedral. Official war artist in World War II. Many pictures at Renishaw Hall. John Piper was primarily a painter, but collaborated with many others including the poet and author John Betjeman (on the Shell Guides series of guidebooks on the British Isles), the potter Geoffrey Eastop and the artist Ben Nicholson
Giovanni Battista Piranesi (1720 – 1778) was an Italian artist famous for his etchings of Rome and of fictitious and atmospheric ‘prisons’
Camille Pissarro (1830 – 1903) was born in the Virgin Islands, then a Danish colony, where his father was of Portuguese Jewish descent and his mother was native Creole. Pissarro is the only artist to have shown his work at all eight Paris Impressionist exhibitions, from 1874 to 1886. After the outbreak of the Franco-Prussian War of 1870 – 1871, having only Danish nationality and being unable to join the army, he moved his family to Norwood, near London
The Avenue, Sydenham
Jackson Pollock (1912 – 1956) was taught by Thomas Hart-Benton. Born in Wyoming. Married Lee Krasner. Died in a car crash. Jack the dripper
Mural – first Abstract Expressionist painting by Pollock
No. 5, 1948 – was sold in 2006 for $140 million, a new mark for the highest ever price for a painting
Full Fathom Five – takes its name from The Tempest
Autumn Rhythm
Moon Woman
Lyubov Popova (1889 – 1924) was a female Russian avant-garde artist (Cubist, Suprematist and Constructivist), painter and designer. Contributed to two Knave of Diamonds exhibitions
Painterly Architectonic
Paulus Potter (1625 – 1664)
The Bull
Nicolas Poussin (1594 – 1665) was a French painter in the classical style. His work predominantly features clarity, logic, and order, and favours line over color. Until the 20th century he remained the dominant inspiration for such classically oriented artists as Jacques-Louis David and Paul Cezanne
A Dance to the Music of Time
Andrea Pozzo (1642 – 1709) was an Italian Jesuit Brother, Baroque painter and architect. Pozzo was best known for his grandiose frescoes using illusionistic technique called quadratura
Henry Raeburn (1756 – 1823) served as Portrait Painter to King George IV in Scotland
Rev. Robert Walker Skating on Duddingston Loch
Raphael, Raffaello Sanzio (1483 – 1520) was born in Urbino, Italy. After Bramante's death in 1514, Raphael was named architect of the new St Peter's. The four Stanze di Raffaello (‘Raphael's rooms’) in the Palace of the Vatican form a suite of reception rooms, the public part of the papal apartments. They are famous for their frescoes, painted by Raphael and his workshop. Julius II and Leo X were the papal patrons of Raphael. Pietro Peregino was Raphael’s mentor. Buried in the Pantheon
The School of Athens
The Dispute
Plato and Aristotle
20 Madonna and Child paintings.
The Madonna of the Pinks – acquired by the National Gallery in 2004
Madonna of the Meadow
Transfiguration – unfinished at his death
Madonna of the Goldfinch
Robert Rauschenberg (1925 – 2008) came to prominence in the 1950s transition from Abstract Expressionism to Pop Art. Rauschenberg is well-known for his ‘Combines’ of the 1950s, in which non-traditional materials and objects were employed in innovative combinations. Robert Rauschenberg designed sets and costumes for Merce Cunningham
Bed – created by dripping red paint across a quilt. Considered the first of the Combines
Charlene – Combine
Monogram is a late 1950s Combine. It consists of a stuffed goat with its midsection passing through an automobile tyre
Odilon Redon (1840 – 1916) was a symbolist painter born in Bordeaux
Flower Cloud
The Cyclops
Paula Rego (1935-2022) was a painter born in Portugal although she is a naturalised British citizen. Rego is a prolific painter and printmaker. Her most well known depictions of folk tales and images of young girls, made largely since 1990, bring together the methods of painting and printmaking
The Maids – based on Jean Genet’s play of the same name
Rembrandt van Rijn (1606 – 1669) was born in Leiden. Rembrandt's greatest creative triumphs are exemplified especially in his portraits of his contemporaries, self-portraits and illustrations of scenes from the Bible. Rembrandt’s wife Saskia sat as a model for many of his paintings. Son called Titus
The Night Watch – full title The Company of Frans Banning Cocq and Willem van Ruytenburch is displayed in the Rijksmuseum. Amsterdam civil militia. Attacked twice
The Anatomy Lesson of Dr Tulp
Christ in the Storm on the Sea of Galilee – was in the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum of Boston, prior to being stolen in 1990. The painting depicts the miracle of Jesus calming the waves on the Sea of Galilee, as depicted in the Gospel of Mark. It is Rembrandt's only seascape
The Conspiracy of Julius Civilus was commissioned for Amsterdam town hall
Stoning of St Stephen
Portrait of a Lady with an Ostrich-Feather Fan
The Flayed Ox
Bathsheba at Her Bath
The Return of the Prodigal Son – painting in the Hermitage
The Abduction of Europa
The Sampling Officials, also called Syndics of the Drapers' Guild
Pierre-Auguste Renoir (1841 – 1919) worked in a porcelain factory where his drawing talents led to him being chosen to paint designs on fine china. Renoir “never thought he had finished a nude until he could pinch it”. During the later years of his life, when he developed rheumatoid arthritis, Renoir created sculptures by cooperating with a young artist, Richard Guino, who worked the clay
Les Parapluie
Luncheon of the Boating Party
La Loge
Dance at Le moulin de la Galette – is housed at the Musée d'Orsay. For many years it was owned by John Hay Whitney. In 1990, his widow sold the painting for US$78 million
Ilya Repin (1844 – 1930) was the most renowned Russian artist of the 19th century. He was a member of the Peredvizhniki
Burlaks on the Volga (or Barge Haulers on the Volga)
Joshua Reynolds (1723 – 1792) was born in Devon. Specialized in portraits. He was a founder and first president of the Royal Academy, and was knighted by George III in 1769
Mrs Sarah Siddons as the Tragic Muse – the tragic muse is Melpomene
Gerhard Richter (born 1932) designed a stained glass window in Cologne Cathedral
Abstraktes Bild – held the record price for a painting by a living artist when it was sold for £30 million
Bridget Riley (born 1931) is one of the foremost exponents of op art
Movement in Squares
Nataraja
Diego Rivera (1886 – 1957) was a Mexican painter who was married to Frida Kahlo. Rivera’s large wall works in fresco helped establish the Mexican Mural Renaissance
Man at the Crossroads – begun in 1933 for the Rockefeller Center in New York City, was removed after a furore erupted in the press over a portrait of Vladimir Lenin it contained
Man, Controller of the Universe
Alexander Rodchenko (1891 – 1956) was one of the most versatile Constructivist and Productivist artists to emerge after the Russian Revolution. He worked as a painter and graphic designer before turning to photomontage and photography. Rodchenko produced a poster with Lilya Brik shouting “books”
George Romney (1734 – 1802) painted many leading society figures, including his artistic muse, Emma Hamilton, mistress of Lord Nelson
Lady Hamilton as Circe
Emma Hamilton as a bacchante
James Rosenquist (1933-2017) is one of the protagonists in the pop-art movement and was a billboard painter
F-111 – room-scale painting
Dante Gabriel Rossetti (1828 – 1882) was a Pre-Raphaelite artist. Rossetti's wife Elizabeth Siddal died of an overdose of laudanum in 1862. Fanny Cornforth – model and mistress of Rossetti. Jane Morris – model of Rossetti
The Annunciation
Beata Beatrix
Proserpine
The Girlhood of Mary Virgin
Mark Rothko (1903 – 1970) is associated with abstract expressionism and colour field painting. Born in Latvia. Committed suicide
Rothko Chapel in Houston has 14 Rothko paintings on its walls
Seagram murals – created for Four Seasons restaurant in Seagram building, New York
Subway series
White Center (Yellow, Pink and Lavender on Rose) – was sold in 2007 for $72.8 million, setting the record of the current most expensive post-war work of art sold at auction
Black on Maroon – is displayed at Tate Modern. Damaged in 2012 by an act of “yellowism”
Georges Rouault (1871 – 1958) was a French Fauvist and Expressionist painter, and printmaker in lithography and etching
Henri Rousseau (1844 – 1910) was known as ‘Le Douanier’ (the customs officer). Rousseau was a French Post-Impressionist painter in the Naive or Primitive manner
Tiger in a Tropical Storm (Surprised!)
The Hungry Lion Throws Itself on the Antelope
The Snake Charmer
The Dream
The Football Players
The Sleeping Gypsy
Peter Paul Rubens (1577 – 1640) was born in Germany. Baroque painter. Van Dyck was a student of his. Painted the ceiling of the London Banqueting House (designed by Inigo Jones). Rubens painted commissions for Marie de’ Medici. Rubens was sent on a diplomatic mission to Philip of Spain by the Duke of Mantua. Isabella Brant was Ruben’s first wife. Rubens collaborated with Jan Brueghel the Elder. The term ‘Rubenesque’ derives from Rubens’ fondness for painting full-figured women
The Three Graces
Massacre of the Innocents – was sold at auction at Sotheby's, London in 2002 for £49.5 million
Adoration of the Magi
Saint George and the Dragon
The Descent from the Cross – the central panel of a triptych. The painting is the second of Rubens's great altarpieces for the Cathedral of Our Lady, Antwerp, along with The Elevation of the Cross
Helene Fourment in a Fur Wrap – Helene Fourment was Rubens’ second wife
Coronation of Marie de' Medici in St. Denis
Landscape with a Rainbow
The Hippopotamus and Crocodile Hunt
Andrei Rublev (1360s – c. 1428) is considered to be the greatest medieval Russian painter of Orthodox icons and frescos. The only work authenticated as entirely his is the icon of the Trinity
Ed Ruscha (born 1937) is an American artist associated with the Pop art movement. Ruscha lives and works in Culver City, California. Ed Ruscha produced a number of ‘word paintings’
Rachel Ruysch (1664 – 1750) was a still life painter from the Netherlands who specialized in flowers. She became the best documented woman painter of the Dutch Golden Age
Paul Sandby (1731 – 1809) was an English map-maker turned landscape painter in watercolours, who, along with his older brother Thomas, became one of the founding members of the Royal Academy in 1768
John Singer Sargent (1856 – 1925) was the most successful portrait painter of his era. American artist, born in Florence
Madame X or Portrait of Madame X – the informal title of a portrait painting of a young socialite named Virginie Amelie Avegno Gautreau
Gassed – a very large oil painting that depicts the aftermath of a mustard gas attack during the First World War. Hung in the Imperial War Museum
Ellen Terry as Lady Macbeth
Jenny Saville (born 1970) is best known as one of the Young British Artists. She is known for her large-scale painted depictions of naked women. Jenny Saville paintings are used on the covers of Manic Street Preachers’ albums The Holy Bible and Journal For Plague Lovers
Egon Schiele (1890 – 1918) was an Austrian painter, a protégé of Gustav Klimt, and a major figurative painter of the early 20th century. Due to the highly-charged nature of his drawings and paintings and his premature death, Schiele has come to epitomise the popular image of the tortured artist. Many self-portraits
Oskar Schlemmer (1888 – 1943) was a German painter associated with the Bauhaus school. His most famous work is Triadisches Ballett in which the actors are transfigured from the normal to geometrical shapes
Karl Schmidt-Rottluff (1884 – 1976) was born Karl Schmidt in Rottluff, Saxony. He was the youngest of the Brucke artists and maintained the most autonomy during his membership of the group
Kurt Schwitters (1887 – 1948) worked in several genres and media, including Dada, Constructivism, Surrealism, poetry, sound, painting, sculpture, graphic design, typography and installation art. Schwitters moved to the Lake District in 1934 and died in Ambleside in 1948
Merz Pictures – series of collages
Giovanni Segantini (1858 – 1899), an Italian painter known for his large pastoral landscapes of the Alps
Life, Nature, and Death – Alpine triptych
Georges Seurat (1859 – 1891) studied at Ecole de Beaux Arts. He is noted for his innovative use of drawing media and for devising the painting techniques known as chromoluminarism and pointillism
A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte1884 – inspired by The Sacred Grove, by Pierre Puvis de Chavannes. Woman has a monkey on a lead. Purchased by Frederick Bartlett for the Art Institute of Chicago in 1924
Bathers at Asnieres – hung in National Gallery
Gino Severini (1883 – 1966) was an Italian painter and a leading member of the Futurist movement. For much of his life he divided his time between Paris and Rome. He was associated with neo-classicism and the “return to order” in the decade after the First World War
Ivan Shishkin (1832 – 1898) was a Russian landscape painter closely associated with the Peredvizhniki movement
Walter Richard Sickert (1860 – 1942) was born in Munich and was a member of the Camden Town Group. Sickert took a keen interest in the crimes of Jack the Ripper. Walter Sickert was a student of Whistler. Spent time in Dieppe and Venice
The Camden Town Murder, originally titled, What Shall We Do for the Rent?
Brighton Pierrots
Paul Signac (1863 – 1935) was a French neo-impressionist painter who, working with Georges Seurat, helped develop the pointillist style
In the Time of Harmony
Portrait of Felix Feneon
Alfred Sisley (1839 – 1899) was born in Paris to British parents. Dedicated to painting landscape en plein air. Alfred Sisley was known as “The English Impressionist”. He spent a few months spent a few months in England in 1874 and produced a series of twenty paintings of the Upper Thames near Molesey and Hampton Court
Street in Moret
Sand Heaps – owned by Art Institute of Chicago
The Bridge at Moret-sur-Loing – hung at Musée d'Orsay
Robert Smithson (1938 – 1973) was an American artist famous for his use of photography in relation to sculpture and land art
Spiral Jetty – an earthwork sculpture constructed in 1970
Chaim Soutine (1893 – 1943) was a French painter of Russian Jewish origin. Soutine made a major contribution to the expressionist movement while living in Paris
Stanley Spencer (1891 – 1959) was born and lived in the Thames-side village of Cookham in Berkshire. The Methodist Chapel in Cookham, which he attended, is now the Stanley Spencer Gallery. Fought in WWI in Macedonia. Sandham Memorial Chapel in Hampshire contains 17 paintings by Stanley Spencer
The Resurrection, Cookham
Jan Steen (1626 – 1679) was a genre painter of the Dutch Golden Age. Daily life was Jan Steen's main pictorial theme. Many of the genre scenes he portrayed, as in The Feast of Saint Nicholas, are lively to the point of chaos and lustfulness, even so much that 'a Jan Steen household', meaning a messy scene, became a Dutch proverb
Frank Stella (born 1936) is a significant figure in minimalism, post-painterly abstraction, patterns and offset lithography
Marrakech
Clyfford Still (1904 – 1980) was one of the leading figures of Abstract Expressionism. Still was also considered one of the foremost color field painters
George Stubbs (1724 – 1806) painted horses. Stubbs also painted more exotic animals including lions, tigers, giraffes, monkeys, and rhinoceroses, which he was able to observe in private menageries
The record price for a Stubbs painting was set by the sale at auction of Gimcrack on Newmarket Heath, with a Trainer, a Stable-Lad, and a Jockey (1765) at Christie's in London in 2011 for £22 million
Whistlejacket – a painting of a prancing horse commissioned by the 3rd Marquess of Rockingham
Horse Frightened by a Lion
Graham Sutherland (1903 – 1980)
Portrait of Winston Churchill
Christ in Glory (1962) – tapestry for Basil Spence's new Coventry Cathedral
The Crucifixion (1946) – for St Matthew's Church, Northampton
Dorothea Tanning (1910 – 2012) was an American artist influenced by surrealism. She was married to Max Ernst for 30 years
Birthday – self-portrait
Edmund C Tarbell (1862 – 1938) was an American Impressionist painter. He was a member of the Ten American Painters
Yves Tanguy (1900 – 1955) was a French surrealist painter. His paintings show vast, abstract landscapes
Elizabeth Thompson (1844 – 1933), often referred to as Lady Butler was one of the few female painters to achieve fame for history paintings, especially military battle scenes
The Roll Call
The remnants of an army, Jellalabad, January 13, 1842, better known as Remnants of an Army – depicts a soldier from the 1842 retreat from Kabul in the First Anglo-Afghan War
James Thornhill (1673 – 1734) painted eight scenes executed from the Life of St. Paul in the cupola of St Paul's Cathedral in 1716. He was responsible for some large-scale schemes of murals, including the “Painted Hall” at the Royal Hospital, Greenwich
Giovanni Tiepolo (1696 – 1770) was a Venetian painter and printmaker, considered among the last ‘Grand Manner’ fresco painters from the Venetian republic. Frescoes at the Wurzburg Residenz
Madonna of the Immaculate Conception
Tintoretto (1518 – 1594) – born Jacopo Comin. In his youth he was also called Jacopo Robusti. Born in Venice. Tintoretto trained briefly under Titian. Tintoretto painted the walls and ceilings of the Scuola Grande di San Rocco in Venice
Tintoretto painted for the church of the Madonna dell'Orto three of his leading works – the Worship of the Golden Calf, the Presentation of the Virgin in the Temple, and the Last Judgment
The Last Supper
Paradise – measures 22.6 x 9.1 metres and is reputed to be the largest painting ever done upon canvas
The Wedding Feast at Cana
The Crucifixion of Jesus – displayed in San Rocco, Venice
James Tissot (1836 – 1902), was a French painter and illustrator. He was a successful painter of Paris society before moving to London in 1871. He became famous as a genre painter of fashionably dressed women shown in various scenes of everyday life
Titian (1490 – 1576). Full name Tiziano Vecellio. Paintings for Duke of Ferrero. Worked in Venice. Commissions for Holy Roman Emperor Charles V. During his lifetime he was often called da Cadore, taken from the place of his birth. Titian died of the plague in Venice
The Flaying of Marsyas
The Flight into Egypt
Venus of Urbino
Knight of the Golden Spur
Assumption of the Virgin
Bacchus and Ariadne
Diana and Actaeon and Death of Actaeon are shown together at the National Gallery
Danae with Nursemaid – one of several mythological paintings, or ‘poesie’ (‘poems’) as Titian called them, done for Philip II of Spain
The Allegory of Age Governed by Prudence
Henry Tonks (1862 – 1937) was a British surgeon and later draughtsman and painter of figure subjects, chiefly interiors, and a caricaturist. Henry Tonks became an official war artist in 1918, and he accompanied John Singer Sargent on tours of the Western Front. Henry Tonks described students at the Slade School of Art as ‘a crisis of brilliance’. Students included Paul Nash, Ben Nicholson, Stanley Spencer, Dora Carrington, Christopher R. W. Nevinson and Edward Wadsworth
Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec (1864 – 1901) developed an adult-sized torso, while retaining his child-sized legs. Toulouse-Lautrec did many paintings of the Moulin Rouge. He invented a cocktail known as “Earthquake” which contained absinthe and cognac. Toulouse-Lautrec paintings featured Jane Avril, a can-can dancer
Georges de la Tour (1593 – 1652) painted mostly religious scenes lit by candlelight, and after centuries of posthumous obscurity, during the 20th century, he became one of the most highly regarded of French 17th-century Baroque artists. He painted mostly religious chiaroscuro scenes lit by candlelight
Vladimir Tretchikoff (1913 – 2006)
Chinese Girl (also known as The Green Girl) – one of the best-selling art prints ever. Model was Monika Pon-su-san from Cape Town
John Trumbull (1756 – 1843) was an American artist during the period of the American Revolutionary War
Declaration of Independence – used on the reverse of the two-dollar bill
Joseph Mallord William Turner (1775 – 1851) was an English Romantic landscape painter, watercolourist and printmaker, whose style is said to have laid the foundation for Impressionism. Turner had two children with Sarah Danby. Turner died in the house of his mistress Sophia Caroline Booth. He is said to have uttered the last words ‘The sun is God’ before expiring. At his request he was buried in St Paul's Cathedral, where he lies next to Sir Joshua Reynolds
The Burning of the Houses of Lords and Commons – 1834 painting
The Fighting Temeraire tugged to her last Berth to be broken up – depicts one of the last ships of the line which played a distinguished role in the Battle of Trafalgar in 1805, the HMS Temeraire, being towed by a paddle-wheel steam tug from Sheerness towards its final berth in Rotherhithe to be broken up for scrap
Rain, Steam and Speed – The Great Western Railway – the location of the painting is widely accepted as Maidenhead Railway Bridge
Blue Rigi, Red Rigi, Dark Rigi – paintings of Mount Rigi overlooking Lake Lucerne
The Slave Ship – based on Captain Collingworth murdering slaves and throwing them overboard from the Zong to collect insurance money
Snow Storm: Hannibal and his Army Crossing the Alps
Snow Storm: Steam-Boat off a Harbour's Mouth
Gavin Turk (born 1967) is one of the Young British Artists. He often uses his own image in life-size sculptures of famous people
Paulo Uccello (1397 – 1475) was notable for his pioneering work on visual perspective in art. Uccello was born Paolo di Dono. At the age of ten, Uccello was apprenticed to the sculptor Lorenzo Ghiberti, designer of the doors of the Florence Baptistery
The Battle of San Romano – depicts events that took place at the Battle of San Romano between Florentine and Sienese forces in 1432. The paintings are in egg tempera on wooden panels, each over three metres long. They are now divided between three collections, the National Gallery, the Uffizi and the Louvre
Saint George and the Dragon
Maurice Utrillo (1883 – 1955) was a French painter who specialized in cityscapes. Many paintings of Montmartre
Suzanne Valadon (1865 – 1938) modeled for Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec (who gave her painting lessons), and Pierre-Auguste Renoir. In the early 1890s she befriended Edgar Degas. Valadon became the first woman painter admitted to the Societe Nationale des Beaux-Arts. She is also the mother of painter Maurice Utrillo
Anne Vallayer-Coster (1744 – 1818) was an 18th century French painter. Marie Antoinette took a particular interest in her paintings
Anthony van Dyck (1599 – 1641) was born in Antwerp and became an independent painter in 1615. In his younger years, he was the chief assistant of Peter Paul Rubens. He is most famous for his portraits of Charles I of England and his family and court
Jan van Eyck (c. 1395 – 1441)
The Arnolfini Portrait (or The Arnolfini Wedding) – (1434) is housed in the National Gallery
The Adoration of the Mystic Lamb – is in Saint Bavo Cathedral in Ghent. Also known as the Ghent Altarpiece. The Just Judges or The Righteous Judges is the lower left panel of the Ghent Altarpiece, that was stolen in 1934
Portrait of a Man in a Turban
The Annunciation
Vincent Van Gogh (1853 – 1890) was born in Zundert (Holland), and died in Auvers-sur-Oise (France). His younger brother, Theo, was as art dealer. Van Gogh bought a number of Japanese ukiyo-e woodblock prints. He lived in England from 1873 to 1876. Van Gogh was a patient at Saint-Paul asylum in Saint-Rémy-de-Provence. Paul Gauguin visited Van Gogh in Arles. Van Gogh cut off his left ear with a razor
11 versions of Sunflowers. Features 15 sunflowers. Painted in chrome yellow in 1888. Hung in National Gallery since 1924
Almond Branches in Bloom, Saint-Remy – best selling fine art poster
Le Moulin de la Galette is the subject and title of several paintings made by Vincent van Gogh in 1886 of a windmill. The Moulin de la Galette was near Van Gogh's apartment with his brother, Theo in Montmartre
The Red Vineyard – in Pushkin Museum, Moscow. It supposedly is the only piece sold by the artist while he was alive
Self-Portrait with Bandaged Ear – in the collection of the Courtauld Gallery
Portrait of Dr. Gachet
The White House at Night
Victor Vasarely (1906 – 1997) was a Hungarian-French artist whose work is generally seen aligned with Op Art
Zebra – created in the 1930s, is one of the earliest examples of Op Art
Diego Velazquez (1599 – 1660) was born in Seville, court painter to Philip IV
Rokeby Venus (1651) – is housed in the National Gallery. Attacked by suffragette Mary Richardson in 1914. Rokeby is a mansion in Yorkshire where the picture was hung
Las Meninas (The Maids of Honour) – is a 1656 painting housed in the Museo del Prado. The painting shows a large room in the Royal Alcazar of Madrid during the reign of King Philip IV of Spain
Portrait of Pope Innocent X (1650)
Infanta Margarita in a Blue Dress
The Surrender of Breda
The Immaculate Conception
The Waterseller of Seville, Old Woman Frying Eggs, and The Lunch are often described as ‘bodegones’ due to the artist's depiction of jars and foodstuff
Jan Vermeer (1632– 1675) Maps appeared in many Vermeer paintings
Girl with a Pearl Earring
View of Delft – only landscape painting
A Young Woman Standing and Seated at a Virginal
The Music Lesson or Lady at the Virginals with a Gentleman
The Geographer – depicts van Leeuwenhoek
The Astronomer – depicts van Leeuwenhoek
The Artist in his Studio
The Art of Painting – the subject is the Muse of History, Clio. On display at the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna
Woman Holding a Balance
The Concert – belongs to the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum in Boston, but was stolen in 1990 and remains missing to this day. Estimated value of $200 million
The Lacemaker
The Milkmaid
Paolo Veronese (1528 – 1588) was an Italian Mannerist painter. Originally named Paolo Caliari, he was called Veronese from his native city of Verona. Veronese moved to Venice in 1553
The Wedding at Cana by Veronese is the largest painting in the Louvre. Hung on the wall opposite the Mona Lisa
The Feast in the House of Levi – originally called Last Supper which drew the disapproval of Venice’s Inquisition, so it was re-titled
The Family of Darius before Alexander – depicts Alexander the Great with the family of Darius III, the Persian king he had defeated in battle
The Queen of Sheba
The Martyrdom of St George
Allegory of Wisdom and Strength
The Battle of Lepanto
Maurice de Vlaminck (1876 – 1958) Fauvist artist who lived in or near Chatou
Houses at Chatou
Mikhail Vrubel (1856 – 1910), the greatest Russian painter of the Symbolist movement
The Demon Seated
The Demon Downcast
Edouard Vuillard (1868 – 1940) was a French painter and printmaker associated with the Nabis. In his paintings and decorative pieces Vuillard depicted mostly interiors, streets and gardens
Louis Wain (1860 – 1939) was best known for his drawings, which consistently featured anthropomorphised large-eyed cats and kittens
Henry Wallis (1830 – 1916) was an English Pre-Raphaelite painter
The Death of Chatterton – an oil painting on canvas housed in Tate Britain
Andy Warhol (1928 – 1987) was born Andrew Walhola in Pittsburgh, to Slovakian immigrants. The Factory was Andy Warhol's original New York City studio from 1962 to 1968. The original Factory was often referred to by those who frequented it as the Silver Factory. Covered with tin foil and silver paint, the Factory was decorated by Warhol's friend, the photographer Billy Name
The highest price ever paid for a Warhol painting is $100 million for a 1963 canvas titled Eight Elvises
Marilyn Diptych – silkscreen painting. Features a picture of Marilyn Monroe from Niagara (1953)
The Last Supper cycle
Campbell's Soup Cans, which is sometimes referred to as 32 Campbell's Soup Cans, is a work of art produced in 1962
Death and Destruction series
John William Waterhouse (1849 – 1917) was an English Pre-Raphaelite painter most famous for his paintings of female characters from mythology and literature
The Lady of Shalott – is an 1888 painting. The work is a representation of a scene from Lord Alfred Tennyson's 1832 poem of the same name, in which the poet describes the plight of a young woman, loosely based on Elaine of Astolat, who yearned with an unrequited love for the knight (Sir Lancelot) isolated under an undisclosed curse in a tower near King Arthur's Camelot. Displayed in Tate Britain
Hylas and the Nymphs
Diogenes
Antoine Watteau (1684 – 1721) is credited with inventing the genre of fetes galantes: scenes of bucolic and idyllic charm, suffused with an air of theatricality. Some of his best known subjects were drawn from the world of Italian comedy and ballet. He revitalized the waning Baroque idiom, which eventually became known as Rococo
Pilgrimage to Cythera – Watteau
George Frederic Watts (1817 – 1904) was an English Victorian painter and sculptor associated with the Symbolist movement. Watts became famous in his lifetime for his allegorical works. Watts married the actress Ellen Terry
Hope
Love and Life
Marianne von Werefkin (1860 – 1938) was a Russian-Swiss Expressionist painter. Partner of Alexei von Jawlensky
Benjamin West (1738 – 1820). Anglo-American painter of historical scenes around and after the time of the American War of Independence. He was the second president of the Royal Academy in London
The Death of General Wolfe
Treaty of Penn with the Indians
Rogier van der Weyden (1400 – 1464) was an Early Netherlandish painter. His expressive painting and popular religious conceptions had considerable influence on European painting, not only in France and Germany but also in Italy and in Spain. Hans Memling was his greatest follower
James Abbot McNeill Whistler (1834 – 1903) was influenced by Courbet’s realism and Japanese prints. His famous signature for his paintings was in the shape of a stylized butterfly possessing a long stinger for a tail
Nocturne in Grey and Black: Whistler’s Mother – his mother was Anna. Hung in Musee d’Orsay. Painted in London. Also known as Arrangement in Grey and Black, No.1
After Thomas Carlyle viewed the painting, he agreed to sit for a similar composition, this one being titled Arrangement in Grey and Black, No. 2
Nocturne in Black and Gold: The Falling Rocket – is a painting of the fireworks from the Cremorne Gardens in London. Affronted by The Falling Rocket, John Ruskin accused Whistler of “flinging a pot of paint in the public's face”. Whistler sued Ruskin for libel in defence, and won damages of a farthing
Symphony in White, No. 1: The White Girl – portrait of Joanna Hiffernan
Symphony in White, No. 2, also known as The Little White Girl
Symphony in White, No. 3
John White (c. 1540 – c. 1593) was an English artist, and an early pioneer of English efforts to settle the New World. During his time at Roanoke Island he made a number of watercolor sketches of the surrounding landscape and the native Algonkin peoples
John "Kyffin" Williams (1918 – 2006) was a Welsh landscape painter who lived at Llanfairpwll on the Island of Anglesey. Williams is widely regarded as the defining artist of Wales during the 20th century
Franz Winterhalter (1805 – 1873) was a German painter known for his portraits of royalty in the mid-nineteenth century. His name has become associated with fashionable court portraiture
Empress Eugenie Surrounded by her Ladies in Waiting
Grant Wood (1891 – 1942) was a leading figure in the mid-western Regionalism movement
American Gothic – shows a farmer holding a pitchfork standing beside his spinster daughter. The figures were modeled by Wood's sister, Nan Wood Graham, and Wood and Graham's dentist, Dr. Byron McKeeby. Displayed in the collection of the Art Institute of Chicago
Daughters of the Revolution
Joseph Wright (1734 – 1797) of Derby
An Experiment on a Bird in the Air Pump – depicts a natural philosopher recreating one of Robert Boyle's air pump experiments, in which a white cockatoo is deprived of oxygen. Housed in the National Gallery
A Philosopher Lecturing on the Orrery
Three Persons Viewing the Gladiator by Candlelight
Andrew Wyeth (1917 – 2009). US realist artist
Christina’s World – the woman in the painting is Christina Olson. She is known to have suffered from polio. The house depicted in the painting is known as the Olson House, and is located in Cushing, Maine
WF Yeames (1835 – 1918)
And When did you Last See Your Father – depicts the son of a Royalist being questioned by Parliamentarians during the English Civil War
Amy Robsart
Jonathan Yeo (born 1970) has painted portraits of Tony Blair and David Cameron. His unauthorised 2007 portrait of George W. Bush, created from cuttings of pornographic magazines brought him worldwide notoriety. Son of Conservative MP Tim Yeo
Yue Minjun (born 1962) is a Chinese painter of pink-faced laughing men
Johann Zoffany (1733 – 1810), a German neoclassical painter, active mainly in England
The Tribuna of the Uffizi
Francisco de Zurbaran (1598 – 1664) is known primarily for his religious paintings depicting monks, nuns, and martyrs, and for his still-lifes. Zurbaran gained the nickname “Spanish Caravaggio”
Unknown artist
The Wilton Diptych (c. 1395) was painted for King Richard II. The painting consists of two oak panels. On the left hand side panel of the diptych, Richard is shown kneeling. Beside him are the saints John the Baptist, Edward the Confessor and Edmund. The Virgin Mary is depicted on the right hand side of the diptych, along with a company of eleven angels. Wilton Diptych – from Wilton House, in Wilts. The painting is currently housed in the National Gallery
