Art and Culture/Wars and Battles - 17th C to 19th C

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War Campaign/Theatre Date Started Date Ended Protaganists Major Battles/Sieges Treaty/Armistice Comments
Year or Date Started Year or Date Ended Location/Name Commanders Victor Date(s) Location/Name
Thirty Years War 1618 1648 Protestants Catholic League 8 November 1620 White Hill Prince Christian Protestants Maximilian I of Bavaria, de Tilliy Catholic League Catholic League 1648 Westphalia Frederick V of Bohemia forced to flee Prague
6 May 1622 Wimpfen von Mansfield Protestants de Tilly Catholic League Catholic League Catholic army occupied Heidelberg
20 June 1622 Hochst Prince Christian Protestants de Tilly Catholic League Indecisive de Tilly failed to prevent the joining of two Protestant armies
25 April 1626 Dessau Bridge von Mansfield Protestants Albrecht von Wallenstein Imperialists Imperialists Protestant army destroyed trying to cross the Elbe
27 August 1626 Lutter Christian IV Protestants de Tilly Imperialists Imperialists Second defeat of 1626 eventually forced Denmark out of the war (1629) and dragged France in
November 1630 May 1631 Magdeburg von Falkenberg Protestants de Tilly Imperialists Imperialists Population of Magdeberg massacred and city destroyed, which brought Netherlands and Saxony into the war.
17 September 1631 Breitenfeld (1) Gustavus Adolphus Protestants de Tilly Catholic League Protestants Catholic army destroyed, Leipzig recaptured and Sweden emerges as a major military power
31 August 1632 4 September 1632 Altendorf Gustavus Adolphus Protestants Maximilian I of Bavaria, von Wallenstein Imperialists Imperialists Swedes withdrew
16 November 1632 Lutzen Gustavus Adolphus Protestants von Wallenstein Imperialists Protestants Gustavus Adolphus killed but Swedish army victorious
5 September 1634 6 September 1634 Nordlingen (1) Bernard of Saxe-Weimar Protestants Ferdinand of Hungary Imperialists Imperialists Crushing Imperial victory destroyed Swedish presence in southern Germany
4 October 1636 Wittstock Johan Baner Protestants John George I of Saxony Imperialists Protestants Imperialist army destroyed by Swedish army
2 November 1642 Breitenfeld (2) Lennart Tortensson Protestants Archduke Leopold William Imperialists Protestants Imperialist army routed by Swedish army
18 May 143 19 May 143 Rocroi Louis d'Enghien Protestants Don Francisco de Melo Imperialists Protestants French army destroyed Spanish army and became leading continental military power
3 August 1644 10 August 1644 Freiburg Louis d'Enghien, Turenne Protestants Franz von Mercy Imperialists Protestants Imperialists withdrew from Freiburg
3 August 1645 3 August 1645 Nordlingen (2) Louis de Bourbon Conde Protestants Franz von Mercy Imperialists Protestants Costly protestant victory
English Civil War 1st 1642 1646 Royalists Parliamentarians 23 October 1642 Edgehill Charkes I Royalists Robert Devereux Parliamentarians Royalists Narrow victory for Royalists but turned back from London at Turnham Green
18 June 1643 Chalgrove Field Prince Rupert Royalists Sir Philip Stapleton Parliamentarians Royalists John Hampden killed. Rupert ambushed Parliamentarian column
30 June 1643 Adwalton Moor Duke of Newcastle Royalists Fernando Fairfax Parliamentarians Royalists Parliamentarian presence in Yorkshire destroyed
13 July 1643 Roundway Down Wilmot, Hopton Royalists Waller Parliamentarians Royalists Relief force trying to lift seige of Devizes drove off Parliamentary army
29 June 1644 Cropredy Bridge Charkes I Royalists Waller Parliamentarians Royalists Wallers army was dispersed
2 July 1644 Marston Moor Prince Rupert Royalists Fernando Fairfax Parliamentarians Parliamentarians Royalist cause in the North destroyed
21 August 1644 2 September 1644 Lostwithiel Charkes I Royalists Earl of Essex Parliamentarians Royalists Two separate battles which ended with the surrender of the Parliamentary army
1 September 1644 Tippermuir Montrose Royalists Lord Elcho Covenanters Royalists Covenanter army was destroyed
2 February 1645 Inverlochy Montrose Royalists Argyll Covenanters Royalists Covenanter army routed
14 June 1645 Naseby Charkes I Royalists Fairfax, Cromwell Parliamentarians Parliamentarians Royalist cause in the Midlands destroyed
15 August 1645 Kilsyth Montrose Royalists Baillie, Argyll Covenanters Royalists Covenanters utterly destroyed but Montrose now had only Royalist field army
13 September 1645 Philiphough Montrose Royalists David Leslie Covenanters Covenanters Royalists surprised in a dawn raid and forced to surrender
2nd 1648 1648 Royalists Parliamentarians 17 August 1648 19 August 1648 Preston Duke of Hamilton Royalists Oliver Cromwell Parliamentarians Parliamentarians Royalist and Scottish armies routed
3rd 1650 1651 Royalists Parliamentarians 3 September 1650 Dunbar David Leslie Royalists Oliver Cromwell Parliamentarians Parliamentarians Royalist/covenanter army destroyed and Cromwell took Edinburgh
3 September 1651 Worcester Charkes II Royalists Oliver Cromwell Parliamentarians Parliamentarians Royalist army defeated and Charles was forced to flee into exile
Poland: The Deluge 1648 1667 Poland Cossacks 28 June 1651 30 June 1651 Beresteczko Jan II Casimir Poland Bohdan Chmielnicki Ukrainian Cossacks Poland Biala Cerkwia Tartars fled field
Sweden 23 April 1660 Peace of Oliva
Anglo-Dutch Wars 1652 1674 England Netherlands 19 May 1652 Goodwin Sands Robert Blake England Maarten Tromp Netherlands England 1654 Westminster Naval battle. Dutch fleet forced to withdraw
1653 Three Days Battle Robert Blake England Maarten Tromp Netherlands England 1674 Westminster English fleet attacked Dutch convoy
12 June1653 13 June 1653 North Foreland ? England ? Netherlands England Dutch fleet defeated
8 August 1653 10 August 1653 Texel (1) ? England Maarten Tromp Netherlands Netherlands Tromp killed but English fleet withdrew
11 August 1673 Texel (2) Prince Rupert England de Ruyter Netherlands Netherlands English fleet forced to withdraw
Franco-Spanish War 1653 1659 France Spain 3 June 1658 The Dunes Turenne France Don John of Austria Spain France 1659 Pyrenees Anglo-French army  (including Parliamentarian regiments) defeated Anglo-Spanish force (including Royalist troops) near Dunkirk
Anglo-Spanish War 1654 1660 England Spain April 1657 Santa Cruz Robert Blake England ? Spain England Spanish fleet destroyed in one of the most complete vistories in British naval history. Blake died on the voyage home to England and was buried in Westminster Abbey
Covenanter Rising 1679 1679 Government Covenanters 1 June 1679 1 June 1679 Drumclog John Graham of Claverhouse Government Robert Hamilton Covenanters Covenanters Small government force routed
22 June 1679 22 June 1679 Bothwell Bridge Monmouth Government Robert Hamilton Covenanters Government Covenanters routed and rising crushed
Great Turkish War 1683 1699 Christians Turks 12 September 1683 12 September 1683 Vienna John Sobieski Christians Kara Mustapha, Grand Vizier Turks Christians 1699 Treaty of Karlowitz Turks defeated and siege of Vienna lifted
12 August 1687 12 August 1687 Mohacs Charles of Lorraine Christians Kara Mustapha, Grand Vizier Turks Christians Turks decisively defaeted and ejected  from Hungary
11 September 1697 11 September 1697 Zenta Eugene of Savoy Christians Mustapha II Turks Christians Turkish army annihilated
Monmouth's Rebellion 1685 1685 Government Rebels 6 July 1685 6 July 1685 Sedgemoor Earl of Feversham Government Monmouth Rebels Government Night attack by rebels dissolved into confusion. Monmouth captured and executed
Jacobite Rebellion 1st 1689 1691 Government Jacobites 27 July 1689 27 July 1689 Killiecrankie Hugh Mackay Government John Graham of Claverhouse Jacobites Jacobites Government army destroyed but Graham (Bonny Dundee) killed which seriously harmed Jacobite cause
11 July 1690 11 July 1690 The Boyne William III Government James II Jacobites Government Jacobites defeated and James fled to exile in France
12 July 1691 12 July 1691 Aughrim Godert de Ginkel Government Earl of Lucan Jacobites Government Jacobite army destroyed and Limerick captured
2nd 1715 1715 Government Jacobites 13 November 1715 Sheriffmuir Duke of Argyll Government Earl of Mar Jacobites Inconclusive Mar needed a victory to gain local support but failed to achieve this and the rebellion in Scotland ended
13 November 1715 14 November 1715 Preston General Wills Government Thomas Forster Jacobites Government Forster was outmanouevered and forced to surrender with most of his men
3rd (The '45) 1745 1746 Government Jacobites 21 September 1745 Prestonpans Sir John Cope Government Prince Charles Edward Stewart Jacobites Jacobites A ten minute engagement which ended in the destruction of Cope's force
17 January 1746 Falkirk Henry Hawley Government Lord George Murray Jacobites Jacobites Another short engagement ending with Hawley's defeat. He took "revenge" by hanging some of his own men ("Hangman" Hawley)
16 April 1746 Culloden Duke of Cumberland Government Prince Charles Edward Stewart Jacobites Government Complete defeat of the Jacobite army and the end of the rebellion
War of the League of Augsburg 1688 1697 League France 1 July 1690 1 July 1690 Fleurus George of Waldeck League Duke of Luxemburg France France League army defeated
29 July 1693 29 July 1693 Neerwinden William III League Duke of Luxemburg France France Complete French victory but unexploited
Great Northern War 1700 1721 Sweden Russia 20 November 1700 Narva Charles XII Sweden Prince Dolgorouky Russia Sweden Swedish army victorious under command of 17 year old Charles
28 June 1709 Poltava Charles XII Sweden Peter the Great Russia Russia Swedish army destroyed. Marked decline of Sweden and rise of Russia
War of the Spanish Succession 1701 1714 Austria France 30 September 1703 Hochstadt Hermann Styrum Austria Claude de Villars France France 11 April 1713 Utrecht Austrians defetaed and French advanced on Vienna
Britain Bavaria 2 July 1704 Donauworth Duke of Marlborough Allies Count d'Arco France Inconclusive 26 June 1714 Utrecht Churchill attempted to relieve siege of Vienna
Spain 13 August 1704 Blenheim Duke of Marlborough Allies Camille de Tallard France Allies Franco-Bavarian army destroyed. Vienna relieved and Bavaria overrun
23 May 1706 Ramillies Duke of Marlborough Allies Francois de Villeroi France Allies French army decisively defeated. Spanish Netherlands overrun
7 September 1706 Turin Eugene of Savoy Allies Ferdinand de Marsin France Allies de Marsin killed. French abandoned all gains in Italy
25 April 1707 Almanza Earl of Galway Allies Duke of Berwick France France Allies defeated by Franco-Spanish force commanded by the son of Marlboroughs sister Arabella. Allied cause in Spain dealt heavy blow. Earl of Galway was exiled French Huguenot.
11 July 1708 Oudenarde Duke of Marlborough Allies Joseph de Vendome France Allies Victory regained territorial losses of previous years
11 September 1709 Malplaquet Duke of Marlborough Allies Claude de Villars France Allies Allied victory at heavy cost in casualties
Austro-Turkish War 1716 1718 Autria Turks 16 August 1717 Belgrade Eugene of Savoy Austria Ibrahim Pasha Turks Austria 1718 Passarowitz Turks routed and Austrians captured Belgrade
Wars of the Austrian Succession 1740 1748 Austria Prussia 10 Arpil 1741 Mollwitz Count Adam von Niepperg Austria Frederick the Great Prussia Prussia 1748 Aix-la-Chapelle Austria's defeat led to France, Bavaria, Savoy and Saxony declaring war
England France 27 June 1743 Dettingen George II of England Allies Duke de Noailles France Allies George II led decisive infantry counter attack after his horse had previously run away with him. Last British monarch to command in battle
Bavaria 11 May 1745 Fontenoy Duke of Cumberland Allies Count de Saxe France France Hard won French victory followed by British withdrawal to deal with "The 45"
Savoy 4 June 1745 Hohenfriedberg Prince Charles of Lorraine Allies Frederick the Great Prussia Prussia
Saxony 30 September 1745 Sohr Prince Charles of Lorraine Allies Frederick the Great Prussia Prussia
2 July 1747 2 July 1747 Laffeldt Duke of Cumberland Allies Count de Saxe France France Another costly French victory which left them in control of the Netherlands
North America: French and Indian Wars 1754 1763 Britain France 3 July 1754 Fort Necessity George Washington Britain Captain de Villiers France France Washington was forced to surrender when his ammunition ran out
9 July 1755 Mononghela River Edward Braddock Britain ? France France Braddock killed after his column was ambushed. Washington led survivors to safety. British started to adopt new light infantry tactics
9 August 1757 Fort William Henry Monro Britain Montcalm France France Monro was forced to surrender and the garisson was massacred by France's Indian allies
9 June 1758 20 July 1758 Louisburg Amherst Britain de Drucour France Britain French surrendered the fort which opened the St Lawrence as an invasion route
8 July 1758 Fort Ticonderoga Abercromby Britain Montcalm France France Inept tactics by Abercromby forced British to withdraw
24 November 1758 Fort Duquesne John Forbes Britain Garrison Commander France Britain The French abandoned the fort and it was rebuilt as Fort Pitt, later becoming Pittsburgh
13 September 1759 Quebec James Wolfe Britain Montcalm France Britain Both Wolfe and Montcalm killed. French surrendered
Seven Years' War 1756 1763 Britain Austria 1 October 1756 Lobositz Maximillian von Browne Austria Frederick the Great Prussia Prussia 10 February 1763 Paris Austrians driven off
Prussia France 6 May 1757 Prague Prince Charles of Lorraine Austria Frederick the Great Prussia Prussia Austrians routed
Hanover Russia 18 June 1757 Kolin Leopold von Daun Austria Frederick the Great Prussia Austria Prussians forced to give up siege of Prague and return to Prussia
Hess Sweden 23 June 1757 Plassey Suraj-ud-Daula Bengal Robert Clive Britain Britain Clive routed huge army which had sided with the French. Beginning of British expansion in India
5 November 1757 Rosshach Prince Charles de Soubise Allies Frederick the Great Prussia Prussia Decisive victory halted French invasion
5 December 1757 Leuthen Prince Charles of Lorraine, von Daun Austria Frederick the Great Prussia Prussia Austrian army destroyed
25 August 1758 Zorndorf Wilhelm Fermor Russia Frederick the Great Prussia Prussia Prussians repulsed a Russian invasion
14 October 1758 Hochkirch Leopold von Daun Austria Frederick the Great Prussia Austria Austrians failed to follow up their victory
1 August 1759 Minden Louis de Contades France Ferdinand of Brunswick Allies Allies Removed threat of French invasion of Hanover. Brave attack in line by British and Hanoverian battalions was not followed up by Lord George Sackville's cavalry. British battalions continue to celebrate Minden Day
12 August 1759 Kunersdorf von Laudon, Peter Soltikov Austria Frederick the Great Prussia Austria Prussians soundly beaten by Austro-Russian army which again failed to follow up its victory
21 Noember 1759 Quiberon Bay Edward Hawke England Conflans France England The French fleet was trapped and destroyed ending a plan to invade Scotland
31 July 1760 Warburg Chevalier du Muy France Ferdinand of Brunswick Allies Allies French routed after decisive cavalry charge led by the Marquis of Granby
15 August 1760 Liegnitz Gideon vo n Laudon Austria Frederick the Great Prussia Prussia Prussians fought their way out of an encirclement by Austro-Russian armies which went on to occupy Berlin
3 November 1760 Torgau Leopold von Daun Austria Frederick the Great Prussia Prussia Narrow victory by Prussians
American War of Independence 1775 1783 United States Britain 19 April 1775 Lexington and Concord John Parker, James Barrett United States Francis Smith Britain Britain 3 September 1783 Paris Use of force escalated the conflict
France 17 June 1775 Bunker Hill Artemis Ward United States Thomas Gage, William Howe Britain Britain Rebels driven off the hill
31 December 1775 Quebec Benedict Arnold United States Guy Carleton Britain Britain Attack on Quebec repulsed. Canada stayed loyal to Britain
26 August 1776 29 August 1776 Long Island Israel Putnam United States William Howe Britain Britain Rebels forced t withdraw into Brooklyn
28 October 1776 28 October 1776 White Plains George Washington United States William Howe Britain Britain Washington consistently outmanouevered and forced to retreat
26 December 1776 Trenton George Washington United States Johann Rall Britain United States Rall killed. Hessian outpost forced to surrender
3 January 1777 Princeton George Washington United States Charles Mawhood Britain United States Washington gained narrow victory against much smaller British force
11 September 1777 Brandywine George Washington United States William Howe Britain Britain Washington outmanouevered again and forced to retreat
19 September 1777 Saratoga (1) Horatio Gates United States John Burgoyne Britain Inconclusive British advance halted
4 October 1777 Germantown George Washington United States William Howe Britain Britain Washington defeated again and forced to retire to Valley Forge
7 October 1777 Saratoga (2) Horatio Gates United States John Burgoyne Britain United States Burgoyne faced with superior force surrendered. France recognised United States and joined the war
28 June 1778 Monmouth George Washington United States Henry Clinton Britain Inconclusive Clinton able to withdraw to New York
24 June 1779 7 February 1783 Gibraltar Alvarez Spain George Eliott Britain Britain British garrison withstood Franco-Spanish siege of 3 yaers and 7 months
16 September 1779 9 October 1779 Savannah Benjamin Lincoln United States Augustine Prevost Britain Britain British drove off combined US and French force
13 April 1780 12 May 1780 Charleston Benjamin Lincoln United States Henry Clinton Britain Britain Charleston was captured in a month
29 May 1780 Waxhaws Abraham Buford United States Banastre Tarleton Britain Britain "Bloody Tarleton" destroyed the rebel force
16 August 1780 Camden Horatio Gates, de Kalb United States Charles Cornwallis Britain Britain Baron de Kalb killed. Rebel forces routed
7 October 1780 King's Mountain John Sevier United States Patrick Ferguson Britain United States Ferguson killed. Column of loyalists surrounded and butchered by rebels (sorry, "patriots")
17 January 1781 Cowpens Daniel Morgan United States Banastre Tarleton Britain United States Tarleton outmanouevered
15 March 1781 Guilford Court House Nathanael Greene United States Charles Cornwallis Britain Britain Cornwallis forced his way through superior forces
5 September 1781 9 September 1781 Battle of the Capes Comte de Grasse France Thomas Graves Britain France Naval battle. French fleet sealed off Chesapeake Bay to prevent supply of Yorktown
8 September 1781 Eutaw Springs Nathanael Greene United States Alexander Stewart Britain Britain Rebel attack repulsed
28 September 1781 19 October 1781 Yorktown George Washington, Rochambeau United States Charles Cornwallis Britain United States Cornwallis forced to surrender after navy lost command of the seas
French Revolutionary Wars 1st Coalition 1792 1798 France Austria 20 September 1792 Valmy Francois Kellermann, Charles Dumouriez France Duke of Brunswick Prussia France 1797 Campo Formio Prussians retreated to Germany and French revolutionaries unleashed 23 year war on Europe
Spain Britain 27 August 1793 19 December 1793 Toulon Jacques Dugommier France Admiral Hood Britain France Hood left the naval base with 15 captured ships but victory for France engineered by artillery officer Napoleon Bonaparte
Prussia 26 June 1794 Fleurus Baptiste Jourdan France Friedrich Josias Allies Inconclusive Austrians abandoned Belgium to the French. First ever use of observation balloon (by the French)
Hanover 10 May 1796 Lodi Napoleon France Jean Pierre Beaulieu Austria France Napoleon went on to capture Milan
8 September 1796 Bassano Napoleon France Dagobert Wurmser Austria France Austrians trying to relief Mantua succeeded in entering city but failed to break the siege
15 November 1796 17 November 1796 Arcola Napoleon France Josef Alvintzy Austria France Another failed attempt to break the siege of Mantua
14 January 1797 Rivoli Napoleon France Josef Alvintzy Austria France Another failed attempt to break the siege of Mantua, which then surrendered
14 February 1797 Cape St Vincent ? Spain John Jervis Britain Britain Naval battle. Spainsh fleet defeated. Nelson distinguishes himself
24 July 1797 Santa Cruz ? Spain Horatio Nelson Britain Spain Nelson loses his arm in failed operation
Irish Rebellion 1797 1798 France Britain 23 February 1797 Fishguard William Tate France John Cawdor Britain Britain Tate was an American charged with burning Bristol, Liverpool and Chester. Only battle honour issued for an action in the UK.
12 June 1798 Vinegar Hill Father John Murphy Irish Rebels Gerard Lake Britain Britain Rebels routed
8 September 1798 Ballinamuck Joseph Humbert France Charles Cornwallis, Gerard Lake Britain Britain Small French force belatedly attempted to support rebellion but trapped after victory at Castlebar
French Expedition to Egypt 1798 1801 France Britain 21 July 1798 The Pyramids Napoleon France Murad Bey Mamelukes France French occupied Cairo
Egypt 1 August 1798 Aboukir Bay Admiral Brueys France Admiral Nelson Britain Britain Naval battle. Nelson caught French fleet at anchor in Aboukir Bay. French fleet destroyed and flagship L'Orient exploded. French army cut off in Egypt
16 April 1799 Mount Tabor Napoleon France Pasha of Damascus Turks France Napoleon arrived with reinforcements to win battle
25 July 1799 Aboukir Bay Napoleon France Mustafa IV Turks France Napoleon defeated a Turkish force from Rhodes. Decided to return to France
8 March 1801 Aboukir Bay Louis Friant France Ralph Abercomby Britain Britain Amphibious landing by British
13 March 1801 Mandora Louis Friant France Ralph Abercomby Britain Britain Follow up to landings
21 March 1801 Alexandria Louis Friant France Ralph Abercomby Britain Britain Abercromby died of wounds but victory ended Napoleon's campaigns in North Africaa
2nd Coalition 1798 1801 France Austria 14 June 1800 Marengo Napoleon France Michael Melas Austria France 1801 Luneville Napoleon saved by the prompt action of Louis Desaix, who was killed in the action. Austrians abandoned northern Italy
3 December 1800 Hohenlinden Jean Moreau France Archduke John Austria France 1802 Amiens Austrians forced to abandon Germany and sue for peace
Denmark Britain 2 April 1801 Copenhagen ? Denmark Hyde Parker Britain Britain Copenhagen surrendered. Nelson famously "saw no signal"
Wars in India 1799 1805 France Britain 6 April 1799 3 May 1799 Seringapatam Tippoo Sahib Mysore George Harris Britain Britain British decided to end the rule of pro-French sultan of Mysore. Arthur Wellesley became de facto ruler of Mysore for 4 years after Tippoo killed during the storming of the city
Mysore 23 September 1803 Assaye Dowlut Rao Scindia Maratha Arthur Wellesley Britain Britain Wellesley defeated an army 10 times the size of his own and which was French trained and with a German infantry commander
Maratha Confederacy 1 November 1803 Laswari Suwar Khan Maratha Gerard Lake Britain Britain Maratha army routed and Dowlut Rao Scindia sued for peace
Napoleonic Wars 3rd Coalition 1805 1806 France Austria 20 October 1805 Ulm Napoleon I France Mack von Leiberich Austria France 1805 Pressberg Austrian army capitulated without a fight after being cut off from Russian support
Spain Britain 21 October 1805 Trafalgar Pierre de Villeneuve France Horatio Nelson Britain Britain Nelson killed at the moment of victory
Prussia 2 Dec ember 1805 Austerlitz Napoleon I France Mikhail Kutuzov Russia France "Battle of the Three Emperors". Austro-Russian army defeated and Austria sued for peace
Russia 4 July 1806 Maida Jean Reynier France John Stuart Britain Britain Amphibious landing cleared lower Italy of French presence. Maida Vale in London takes its name from this action
4th Coalition 1806 1807 France Austria 14 October 1806 Jena/Auestadt Napoleon I, Davout France Friedrich Hohenlohe, Duke of Briunswick Prussia France Treaty of Tilsit Twin victories at battles 13 miles apart led to capture of Berlin
Prussia 8 February 1807 Eylau Napoleon I France Levin Bennigsen Russia Inconclusive Russians could not prevent French from taking Danzig
Russia 14 June 1807 Friedland Napoleon I France Levin Bennigsen Russia France Russians routed and called for armistice
Britain 16 August 1807 5 September 1807 Copenhagen Prince Frederick Denmark James Gambier Britain Britain Danish surrendered
Peninsular War 1807 1814 France Britain 19 July 1808 Baylen Pierre Dupont France Francisco de Castanos Spain Spain Convention of Cintra French ran out of water and were forced to surrender
Portugal 21 August 1808 Vimeiro Junot France Arthur Wellesley Britain Britain French defeated and surrendered but were allowed to sail away in British ships
Spain 16 January 1809 Corunna Soult France John Moore Britain Inconclusive Moore killed and eventually replaced by Wellesley. Frenc unable to prevent Moore from embarking his army on safety
27 July 1809 28 July 1809 Talavera Joseph Bonaparte, Victor France Arthur Wellesley Britain Britain Wellesley forced to retreat back into Portugal despite his tactical victory
27 September 1810 Busaco Massena France Duke of Wellington Britain Britain French repulsed as British retreated to Lines of Torres Vedras
5 March 1811 Barrossa Victor France Thomas Graham Britain Britain Attack on the French besieging Cadiz forced them to commit more trroops to the campaign
3 May 1811 5 May 1811 Fuentes de Onoro Massena France Duke of Wellington Britain Inconclusive Massena abandoned attempted conquest of Portugal
16 May 1811 Albuerra Soult France William Beresford Britain Britain Hard fought victory for Anglo-Spanish army besieging Badajoz
7 January 1812 19 January 1812 Ciudad Rodrigo Barrie France Duke of Wellington Britain Britain Important frontier fortress captured by the British
16 March 1812 6 April 1812 Badajoz Phillipon France Duke of Wellington Britain Britain Second important frontier fortress captured by the British
22 July 1812 Salamanca Marmont France Duke of Wellington Britain Britain Serious defeat for the French. British temporarily occupied Madrid
21 June 1813 Vittoria Joseph Bonaparte, Jourdan France Duke of Wellington Britain Britain French routed and retreated back to France through the Pyrenees
10 April 1814 Toulouse Soult France Duke of Wellington Britain Britain Last battle of the war and first on French soil. Soult abandoned Toulouse and signed local armistice with Wellington
5th Coalition 1809 1809 France Austria 19 April 1809 20 April 1809 Abernsberg Napoleon I France Archduke Charles Austria France Austrian army split and defeated, French enter Vienna
21 May 1809 22 May 1809 Aspern-Essling Napoleon I France Archduke Charles Austria Austria Lannes killed and French forced to check advance
5 July 1809 6 Juily 1809 Wagram Napoleon I France Archduke Charles Austria France Austrians withdrew and forced to sign armistice
6th Coalition 1812 1814 France Austria 7 September 1812 Borodino Napoleon I France Kutusov Russia France 30 May 1814 Paris French victory at heavy cost for both armies. Russians withdrew and French occupied Moscow
Britain 24 October 1812 Maloyaroslavets Eugene de Beauharnias France Docturov Russia Inconclusive French forced to retrace steps rather than take new route for retreat from Moscow
Prussia 26 November 1812 28 November 1812 Berezina River Napoleon I France Kutusov Russia Russia French fought their way through but at such a cost that the Grand Army was finished as a fighting force
Russia 2 May 1813 Lutzen Napoleon I France Blucher Prussia France Russo-Prussian army defeated and French occupied Dresden
Sweden 20 May 1813 22 May 1813 Bautzen Napoleon I France Blucher Prussia France Russo-Prussian army retreated into Silesia
26 August 1813 27 August 1813 Dresden Napoleon I France Karl von Schwarzenberg Allies France French failed to follow up their victory
16 October 1813 18 October 1813 Leipzig Napoleon I France Blucher, von Schwarzenberg, Bernadotte Allies Allies "Battle of the Nations". Napoleon forced to retreat
30 March 1814 Paris Marmont, Mortier France Karl von Schwarzenberg Allies Allies French defeat and Marmont signed armistice and surrendered Paris. Napleon abdicated
War of 1812 1812 1815 Britain United States 13 October 1812 Queenston Heights Isaac Brock Britain Stephen van Rensselaer United States Britain 24 December 1815 Treaty of Ghent American force destroyed
22 January 1813 Frenchtown Henry Proctor Britain James Winchester United States Britain American force destroyed
6 June 1813 Stony Creek John Vincent Britain William Winder United States Britain British night attack on American camp
10 September 1813 Lake Erie Robert Barclay Britain Perry United States United States Naval battle
5 October 1813 The Thames Henry Proctor Britain William Harrison United States United States Chief Tecumseh killed, which led to end of British Indian Confederacy. Americans failed to follow up victory and Harrison resigned (later President for 1 month)
25 October 1813 Chateaugay River George Macdonell Britain Wade Hampton United States Britain Canadian forces held off American invading force
11 November 1813 Chrysler's Farm J W Brown Britain John Boyd United States Britain American force routed and American invasion of Canada thwarted
5 July 1814 Chippewa Phineas Riall Britain Jacob Brown United States United States American regulars under Winfield Scott repulsed British forces
25 July 1814 Lundy's Lane Gordon Drummond Britain Jacob Brown United States Inconclusive Hard fought in which Drummond, Jacob Brown, Scott and Riall were all wounded
24 August 1814 Bladensburg Robert Ross Britain William Winder United States Britain American force routed and Washington, including future "White House" burned
12 September 1814 Baltimore Robert Ross Britain Arthur Brooke, Samuel Smith United States Inconclusive Ross killed. This battle was inspiration for Francis Scott Key's "Star Spangled Banner"
8 January 1815 New Orleans Edward Pakenham Britain Andrew Jackson United States United States British failed to capture New Orleans both sides being unaware that a treaty ending the war had been signed 2 weeks earlier. Jackson became President in 1828
Napoleonic Wars Waterloo Campaign 1815 1815 France Britain 16 June 815 Ligny Napoleon I France Blucher Prussia France 20 November 1815 Paris Napoleon failed to stop the majority of the Prussian army from withdrawing in order to join Wellington at Waterloo
Netherlands 16 June 1815 Quatre Bras Ney France Duke of Wellington Britain Inconclusive Ney failed to press home an early advantage and Wellngton withdrew to Mont St Jean, Waterloo
Prussia 18 June 1815 Waterloo Napoleon I France Duke of Wellington, Blucher Allies Allies A damn near run thing.
British Wars in India, Afghanistan and China Bhurtpore 1826 1860 Britain Bhurtpore 1 December 1825 18 January 1826 Bhurtpore Lord Combermere Britain Regent of Bhurtpore Bhurtpore Britain Walls of this formidable fortress mined, city captured and illegal regent deposed
Afghan War (1) 1839 1842 Britain Afghanistan 6 January 1842 13 January 1842 Jugdulluck William Elphinstone Britain Akbar Khan Afghanistan Afghanistan British column wiped out. Dr Brydon only known survivor to reach Jellalabad. Others taken hostage
14 November 1841 16 April 1842 Jellalabad Sir George Sale Britain Akbar Khan Afghanistan Britain Garrison of Jellalabad resisted siege and drove off besiegers
Sind 1843 1843 Britain Sind 17 February 1843 Meeanee Sir Charles Napier Britain Amirs of Sind Sind Britain Peccavi ("I have sinned")
Sikh War (1) 1845 1846 Britain Sikhs 18 December 1845 Mudki Sir Hugh Gough Britain Lal Singh Sikhs Britain Sikh invasion repulsed
21 December 1845 22 December 1845 Ferozeshah Sir Hugh Gough Britain Lal Singh Sikhs Britain Bloody battle which saw the Sikhs repulsed
28 January 1846 Aliwal Sir Harry Smith Britain Ranjur Singh Sikhs Britain Further Sikh invasion beaten back
10 February 1846 Sobraon Sir Hugh Gough Britain Tej Singh Sikhs Britain Sikhs decisively defeated and Punjab became s British protectorate
Sikh War (2) 1846 1849 Britain Sikhs 13 January 1849 Chilianwallah Lord Gough Britain Sher Singh Sikhs Sikhs Poor tactics allowed Sikhs to regain the field after a bloody battle
21 February 1849 Gujerat Lord Gough Britain Sher Singh Sikhs Britain Sikhs decisively defeated and Punjab annexed
Opium War (2) 1856 1860 Britain China 21 August 1860 Taku Forts James Grant Britain Hang Foo China Britain 1858 Tientsin British advanced on Peking and Chinese sued for peace
Indian Mutiny 1857 1858 Britain Indian Mutineers 8 June 1857 20 September 1857 Delhi Archdale Wilson Britain Bahadur Khan Indian Mutineers Britain Delhi stormed and captured by British
1 July 1857 19 November 1857 Lucknow Sir Henry Lawrence Britain Ahmadullah Shah Indian Mutineers Britain Lucknow besieged by large force of mutineers. Eventually relieved by second Relief Force
6 December 1857 Cawnpore Sir Colin Campbell Britain Tantia Topi Indian Mutineers Britain Mutineers routed in turning point of the Mutiny
1 April 1858 Betwa Sir Hugh Rose Britain Tantia Topi Indian Mutineers Britain Small British force routed an army of 20,000 mutineers
17 June 1858 20 June 1858 Gwalior Sir Hugh Rose Britain Tantia Topi Indian Mutineers Britain Mutineers routed and Gwalior captured
Afghan War (2) 1878 1880 Britain Afghanistan 6 October 1879 Charasia Sir Frederick Roberts Britain ? Afghanistan Britain Afghans opposed to pro-British King routed and Kabul taken. First use of heliograph in the field
23 December 1879 Sherpur Sir Frederick Roberts Britain Mohammed Jan Afghanistan Britain Afghan force dispersed
27 July 1880 Maiwand G R S Burrows Britain Ayub Khan Afghanistan Afghanistan Small British force overwhelmed and survivors fled to Kandahar
1 September 1880 Kandahar Sir Frederick Roberts Britain Ayub Khan Afghanistan Britain Afghan army dispersed and new King agreeable to both sides put on throne
Greek War of Independence 1821 1832 Greece Turkey 14 August 1844 Codrington Codrington Allies Tagir Pasha Turks Allies 1832 Constantinople Combined British-French-Russian fleet defeated Turkish-Egyptian fleet. Last major battle of wooden warships
French Conquest of Algeria 1844 1844 France Algeria 14 August 1844 Isly Thomas Bugeaud France Abd-el-Kader Algeria France Decisive French victory
U S - Mexican War 1846 1848 United States Mexico 8 May 1846 9 May 1846 Palo Alto Zachary Taylor United States Mariano Arists Mexico United States 1848 Guadalupe-Hidalgo Mexican force attacking Camp Texas forced to retreat
20 September 1846 24 September 1846 Monterrey Zachary Taylor United States Pedro de Apudia Mexico United States Mexicans surrendered
22 February 1847 23 February 1847 Buena Vista Zachary Taylor United States Santa Anna Mexico United States Hard won and narrow victory for US
18 April 1847 Cerro Gordo Winfield Scott United States Santa Anna Mexico United States Mexican position forced after hard fighting
20 August 1847 Contreras-Churubusco Winfield Scott United States Santa Anna Mexico United States Santa Anna withdrew to Chapultepec
8 September 1847 Molino del Rey Winfield Scott United States Santa Anna Mexico United States
13 September 1847 Chapultepec Winfield Scott United States Santa Anna Mexico United States Santa Anna was forced to abandon Mexico City, which was occupied by the US army
Crimean War 1854 1855 Russia Britain 20 September 1854 Alma Alexander Menshikov Russia Lord Raglan Allies Allies 30 March 1856 Paris Russians driven off. "The Thin Red Line"
France 25 October 1854 Balaklava Alexander Menshikov Russia Lord Raglan Allies Allies Russians repulsed. "Charge of the Light Brigade"
Turkey 5 November 1854 Inkerman Alexander Menshikov Russia Lord Raglan Allies Allies Russian attempt to break siege of Sevastapol failed
28 September 1854 8 September 1855 Sevastapol Alexander Menshikov Russia Lord Raglan Allies Allies Russians evacuated Sevastapol
Italian Wars of Independence 1859 1859 Piedmomt Austria 4 June 1859 Magenta MacMahon Allies von Clam-Gallas Austria Allies Austrians forced to retreat
France 24 June 1859 Solferino Napoleon III Allies Franz Josef Austria Allies Costly Allied victory which led to the forming of the Red Cross
American Civil War 1861 1865 Union Confederate States 12 April 1861 14 April 1861 Fort Sumter Robert Anderson Union P G T Beuaregard Confederate States Confederate States First shots fired at 4:30 am
21 July 1861 Bull Run (1) Irvin McDowell Union Joe Johnston, P G T Beauregard Confederate States Confederate States Confederate troops moved to the field by train. Defense by "Stonewall" Jackson's brigade turned battle. Also known as Manassas (1)
6 February 1862 16 February 1862 Fort Donelson U S Grant Union John B Floyd Confederate States Union After capturing Fort Henry on the Tenessee River, Grant attacked and took the sister fort on the Cumberland. Grant demanded "Complete and Unconditional Surrender" thus earning his nickname "Unconditional Surrender Grant"
6 April 1862 7 April 1862 Shiloh U S Grant,  Don Carlos Buell Union A S Johnson,  P G T Beauregard Confederate States Union A S Jonston killed. Attack took Union army by surprise and fought defensive battle on first day ("Hornets Nest"). Grant was reinforced by Buell overnight and went on the offensive, driving back the Confederates and taking Corinth. Also known as Pittsburg Landing
31 May 1862 1 June 1862 Seven Pines George Maclennan Union Joe Johnston Confederate States Inconclusive MacLennan halted his advance on Richmond. Also known as Fair Oaks
9 June 1862 Port Republic Erastus Tyler Union Thomas Jackson Confederate States Confederate States Jackson tied down large Union forces in the Shenandoah Valley
25 June 1862 1 July 1862 Seven Days George Maclennan Union Robert E Lee Confederate States Confederate States Battles took place over 7 days - Mechanicsville, Gaines Mill, Savage Station, Fraysers Farm and Malvern Hill. Union army forced back and abandoned the peninsula to return to Washington
9 August 1862 Cedar Mountain Nathaniel Banks Union Thomas Jackson Confederate States Confederate States Banks failed to halt Confederate advance
28 August 1862 30 August 1862 Bull Run (2) John Pope Union Robert E Lee Confederate States Confederate States Pope failed to detect flanking action by Longstreet and his army was routed. Also known as Manassas (2)
13 September 1862 15 September 1862 Harper's Ferry Dixon Miles Union Thomas Jackson Confederate States Confederate States Largest Union capitulation
17 September 1862 Antietam George Maclennan Union Robert E Lee Confederate States Union Lee forced to abandon his invasion of the North. Lincoln needed a victory, however narrow, to prepare the issuing of the Emancipation Proclamation
3 October 1862 4 October 1862 Corinth William Rosecrans Union Earl van Dorn Confederate States Union Confederate attempt to recover Corinth repulsed
8 October 1862 Perryville Don Carlos Buell Union Braxton Bragg Confederate States Inconclusive Confederate attempt to invade Kentucky halted
13 December 1862 Fredericksburg Ambrose Burnside Union Robert E Lee Confederate States Confederate States Ambrose's attempt to capture the town was bloodily repulsed with a series of attacks on Maryes Heights.
31 December 1862 2 January 1863 Stones River William Rosecrans Union Braxton Bragg Confederate States Inconclusive Confederate forces withdrew south into Tennessee
1 May 1863 5 May 1863 Chancellorsville Joseph Hooker Union Robert E Lee Confederate States Confederate States Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson fatally wounded after battle by friendly fire. He had achieved complete surprise by a flanking movement which threatened to roll up the Union line
19 May 1863 4 July 1863 Vicksburg U S Grant Union John Pemberton Confederate States Union After a series of unsuccessful attempts Grant managed to get the bulk of his army across the Mississippi and invested Vicksburg. Pemberton surrendered on Independence Day and the day after Gettysburg
9 June 1863 Brandy Station Alfred Pleasanton Union J E B Stuart Confederate States Confederate States Largest cavalry engagement of the war
1 July 1863 3 July 1863 Gettysburg George Meade Union Robert E Lee Confederate States Union Lack of information from Stuart led to the forces meeting almost by accident and a general engagement starting without Lee's blessing. Major actions on Little Round Top (day 2) and Picketts Charge (day 3)
18 September 1863 20 September 1863 Chickamauga William Rosecrans Union Braxton Bragg Confederate States Confederate States Hard fought win for Confederates forced Rosecrans to retreat into Chattanooga. George Thomas nicknamed "Rock of Chicamauga" for his defensive stand
24 November 1863 25 November 1863 Chattanooga U S Grant Union Braxton Bragg Confederate States Union Two battles - Lookout Mountain and Missionary Ridge - enabled Grant to break the siege
8 April 1864 9 April 1864 Mansfield Nathaniel Banks Union Richard Taylor Confederate States Confederate States An attempt to penetrate Texas repulsed
5 May 1864 6 May 1864 Wilderness U S Grant Union Robert E Lee Confederate States Inconclusive Grant ignored heavy casualties and tried to turn Lee's flank and continued to advance
8 May 1864 18 May 1864 Spotsylvania Courthouse U S Grant Union Robert E Lee Confederate States Inconclusive Grant ignored heavy casualties and tried to turn Lee's flank and continued to advance. Intense action at "the bloody angle"
11 May 1864 Yellow Tavern Phillip Sheridan Union J E B Stuart Confederate States Union J E B Stuart killed and Confederate cavalry driven off
31 May 1864 3 June 1864 Cold Harbor U S Grant Union Robert E Lee Confederate States Inconclusive Grant's attack was repulsed but he contiuned to try an turn Lee's flank and march South
15 June 1864 18 June 1864 Petersburg Benjamin Butler Union P G T Beuaregard Confederate States Confederate States Butler failed to press an attack on Petersburg while it was relatively undefended. Result was a protracted siege instead of a potential end to the war
27 June 1864 Kennesaw Mountain William Tecumsah Sherman Union Joseph Johnston Confederate States Union Johnston successfully held up Sherman's march on Atlanta but is replaced by John Bell Hood and Sherman moves to outflank him
9 July 1864 Monocacy Lew Wallace Union Jubal Early Confederate States Confederate States Early made a march on Washington and defeated the future author in a hard fought battle but was driven back from the capital two days later
20 July 1864 31 August 1864 Atlanta William Tecumsah Sherman Union John Bell Hood Confederate States Union Replacing Joe Johnston, Hood tried an aggressive approach which played into Sherman's hands and enabled him to capture Atlanta
30 July 1864 The Crater U S Grant Union Robert E Lee Confederate States Confederate States A massive mine under the Confederate defences was exploded but the subsequent attack stalled in the crater this formed and was bloodily repulsed
19 October 1864 Cedar Creek Phillip Sheridan Union Jubal Early Confederate States Union Early was operating successfully in the Shenandoah Valley until Sheridan arrived
9 December 1864 21 December 1864 Savannah William Tecumsah Sherman Union William Hardee Confederate States Union The end of Sherman's march to the sea
15 December 1864 16 December 1864 Nashville George Thomas Union John Bell Hood Confederate States Union Hood's attempt to distract Sherman by invading Tennessee ended when his army was all but destroyed in the most successful tactical battle of the war
1 April 1865 Five Forks U S Grant Union Robert E Lee Confederate States Union Grant sent Sheridan to outflank Lee's lines at Petersburg and cut the rail supply line
9 April 1865 Appomatox Court House U S Grant Union Robert E Lee Confederate States Union Lee's depleted army was trapped and unable to try and join Joe Johnston.  Lee forced to surrender
French Intervention in Mexico 1863 1863 France Mexico 30 April 1863 Camerone Jean Danjou France Colonel Milan Mexico Mexico A patrol of 65 Foreign Legionnaries was besieged in farm buildings by 2000 Mexicans and all were either killed , wounded or captured. Danjou's artificial hand was recovered and is now a prized possession of the Foreign Legion
4 May 1863 17 May 1863 La Puebla Elie-Frederic Forey France Ignacio Zaragoza Mexico France French advance on Mexico City temporarliy checked at fortified city of La Puebla
Austro-Prussian War 1866 1866 Prussia Austria 24 June 1866 Custozza Alfonso di La Marmora Italy Archduke Albert Austria Austria Italian army defeated
Italy Hanover 27 June 1866 29 June 1866 Langensalza Vogel von Falkenstein Prussia George V of Hanover Hanover Prussia Prussians invaded Hanover
3 July 1866 Koniggratz Helmuth von Moltke Prussia Ludwig von Benedek Austria Prussia Austria defeated and Prussia emerged as the chief power in Central Europe
American Indian Wars 1866 1876 United States Indian Tribes 21 December 1866 Fetterman Massacre Henry Carrington United States Chief Red Cloud Sioux, Cheyenne Sioux, Cheyenne Sent by Carrington from Fort Kearny Fetterman lured into trap and his force of 80 men massacred. He had previously boasted "give me 80 men and I'll march through the whole Sioux nation"
2 August 1867 Wagon Box Fight John Smith United States Chief Red Cloud Sioux, Cheyenne United States Similar attack strategy to the Fetterman Massacre but this time the newly issued Springfield rifle tipped the balance against the Sioux and Cheyenne
25 June 1876 26 June 1876 Little Big Horn Alfred Terry United States Chief Sitting Bull, Crazy Horse Sioux, Cheyenne Sioux, Cheyenne Custer's column launched a premature attack against overwhelming odds and were massacred
Anglo-Abyssinian War 1867 1868 Britain Abyssinia 31 April 1868 Aroghee Sir Robert Napier Britain Emperor Theodore Abyssinia Britain Abyssian army defeated after which Theodore committed suicide
Franco-Prussian War 1870 1871 Prussia France 6 August 1870 Spicheren Karl Friedrich von Steinmetz Prussia Charles Auguste Frossard France Prussia 1871 Frankfurt French army forced to withdraw
6 August 1870 Worth Prince Friedrich Wilhelm Prussia Edme Patric Maurice Macmahon France Prussia French army overwhelmed after a stubborn defence
16 August 1870 Mars-la-Tour Prince Friedrich Karl Prussia Francois Achille Bazaine France Inconclusive French withdrew towards defensive lines the next day. Largest cavalry melee in Europe.  Major von Bredow's "Death Ride". Also known as Vionville
18 August 1870 Gravelotte-St-Privat Helmuth von Moltke Prussia Francois Achille Bazaine France Prussia French could have won and turned the course of European history if Bazaine had adopted a more positive approach. Instead he withdrew to Metz where he was besieged
19 August 1870 27 October 1870 Metz Prince Friedrich Karl Prussia Francois Achille Bazaine France Prussia French army surrendered and released 2 Prussian armies to fight elsewhere. After the war Bazaine was court-martialled and sentenced to 20 years imprisonment
1 September 1870 Sedan Helmuth von Moltke Prussia Napoleon III France Prussia French army failed to break out of Sedan and surrendered, including Napoleon III
20 September 1870 28 January 1871 Paris Helmuth von Moltke Prussia Louis Trochu France Prussia City starved into surrender
15 January 1871 17 January 1871 Belfort Wilhelm Werder Prussia Charles Bourbaki France Prussia French army failed to relieve fortress in Alsace and was led into internment in Switzerland
Ashanti War (2) 1873 1874 Britain Ashanti 31 January 1874 Amoaful Sir Garnet Wolseley Britain King Coffee Calcalli Ashanti Britain Ashanti army defeated
Russo-Turkish War 1877 1878 Turkey Russia 19 July 1877 10 December 1877 Plevna Osman Pasha Turkey General Krudener Russia Russia 1878 Berlin Turkish army suceeded in severely delaying Russian invasion of Bulgaria
17 November 1877 18 November 1877 Kars Hussein Pasha Turkey Loris Melikoff Russia Russia Russians stormed fortress in night attack
Zulu War 1879 1879 Britain Zulul Nation 22 January 1879 Isandhlwana Lord Chelmsford Britain Tshingwayo Zulu Nation Zulu Nation British camp overrun and over 1300 killed
22 January 1879 23 January 1879 Rorke's Drift John Chard, Gonville Bromhead Britain Dabulamanzi Zulu Nation Britain Small British force of 139 defended against 5000 Zuku warriors. 11 VCs were awarded
29 March 1879 Kambula Evelyn Wood Britain Tshingwayo Zulu Nation Britain Attack on British camp repulsed
4 July 1879 Ulundi Lord Chelmsford Britain King Cetewayo Zulu Nation Britain Zulu army destroyed
Franco-Chinese War 1883 1885 France China 14 December 1883 16 December 1883 Son-Tai Admiral Courbet France Lin Yung Ku China France French captured fortress in Vietnam which became a French protectorate
British Intervention in North Africa Egypt 1882 1882 Britain Arabi Pasha 13 September 1882 Tel-el-Kebir Sir Garnet Wolseley Britain Achmet Arabi Pasha Egypt Britain A dawn attack to the rebels by surprise and Arabi Pasha's troops were routed and Cairo occupied.
Sudan 1883 1898 Britain Mahdists 3 November  1883 5 November  1883 El Obeid William Hicks Pasha Britain Mahdi Mohammed Ahmed Mahdists Mahdists Hicks killed. Hick's Egyptian troops were surrounded and massacred
Italy 29 February 1884 El Teb Sir Gerald Graham Britain Osman Digna Mahdists Britain Local Mahdist forces were forced to retreat and regroup
11 March 1884 26 January 1885 Khartoum Charles Gordon Britain Mahdi Mohammed Ahmed Mahdists Mahdists Gordon and entire Egyptian garrison killed
13 March 1884 Tamai Sir Gerald Graham Britain Osman Digna Mahdists Britain Mahdist army defeated but remained besieging Suakin
17 January 1885 Abu Klea Lord Wolseley Britain Mahdi Mohammed Ahmed Mahdists Britain Relief force on way to Khartoum beat off Dervish attack
19 January 1885 Abu Kru Lord Wolseley Britain Mahdi Mohammed Ahmed Mahdists Britain Relief force on way to Khartoum beat off Dervish attack
21 December 1893 Agordat General Arimondi Italy Ahmed Ali Mahdists Italy Italians defeated an invasion of Eritrea
8 April 1898 Atbara River Sir Herbert Kitchener Britain Emir Mahmud, Osman Digna Mahdists Britain Mahdist army was destroyed
2 September 1898 Omdurman Sir Herbert Kitchener Britain Khalifa Abdullah Mahdists Britain Mahdist army was destroyed, the revolt ended and the Sudan pacified
Italo-Abyssinian War 1895 1896 Italy Abyssinia 1 March 1896 Adowa Oreste Baratieri Italy Emperor Meneluk Abyssinia Abyssinia Italian army destroyed
North-West Frontier 1897 1897 Britain Afridi 20 October 1897 Dargai Sir William Lockhart Britain Tribal leaders Afridi Britain Successful punitive expedition
Spanish-American War 1898 1898 United States Spain 1 July 1898 San Juan William R Shafter United States Arsenio Linares Spain United States 10 December 1898 Paris Best remembered for the attack on San Juan Hill by the Rough Riders commanded by Theodore Roosevelt
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