Difference between revisions of "Physical World/Invertebrates"

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class Cubozoa  
+
class Cubozoa
 +
 
  
 
Distinguished  by their cube-shaped medusae. Some species of box jellyfish produce extremely  potent venom
 
Distinguished  by their cube-shaped medusae. Some species of box jellyfish produce extremely  potent venom
Line 16: Line 17:
  
  
''Physalia  physalis''  
+
''Physalia  physalis''
 +
 
  
 
Not a common jellyfish  but a colony of specialized minute individuals called zooids
 
Not a common jellyfish  but a colony of specialized minute individuals called zooids
Line 27: Line 29:
  
  
''Acanthaster  planci''  
+
''Acanthaster  planci''
 +
 
  
 
The adult  crown-of-thorns is a carnivorous predator that usually preys on reef coral polyps
 
The adult  crown-of-thorns is a carnivorous predator that usually preys on reef coral polyps
Line 38: Line 41:
  
  
''Macrocheira  kaempferi''  
+
''Macrocheira  kaempferi''
 +
 
  
 
It has the greatest leg span of any  arthropod, reaching 3.8 m (12 ft) from claw to claw. The whole crab can  weigh up to 19 kilograms (42 lb) – second only to the American lobster  among all living arthropod species
 
It has the greatest leg span of any  arthropod, reaching 3.8 m (12 ft) from claw to claw. The whole crab can  weigh up to 19 kilograms (42 lb) – second only to the American lobster  among all living arthropod species
Line 47: Line 51:
  
  
''Gecarcoidea  natalis''  
+
''Gecarcoidea  natalis''
 +
 
  
 
Endemic to Christmas  Island and the Cocos (Keeling) Islands in the Indian Ocean
 
Endemic to Christmas  Island and the Cocos (Keeling) Islands in the Indian Ocean
Line 59: Line 64:
  
 
genus ''Uca''
 
genus ''Uca''
 +
  
 
Well known  for their sexually dimorphic claws; the males’ major claw is much larger than  the minor claw while the females’ claws are both the same size
 
Well known  for their sexually dimorphic claws; the males’ major claw is much larger than  the minor claw while the females’ claws are both the same size
Line 64: Line 70:
 
|[[File:Horseshoe crab.jpg|none|thumb]]
 
|[[File:Horseshoe crab.jpg|none|thumb]]
 
|'''Horseshoe crab'''
 
|'''Horseshoe crab'''
 
 
  
 
family Limulidae
 
family Limulidae
 
  
  
Line 80: Line 83:
  
  
''Vampyroteuthis  infernalis''  
+
''Vampyroteuthis  infernalis''
 +
 
  
 
Name means "vampire squid of Hell"
 
Name means "vampire squid of Hell"
Line 86: Line 90:
 
The animal's  dark colour, cloak-like webbing, and red eyes give the vampire squid its name  — it does not feed on blood
 
The animal's  dark colour, cloak-like webbing, and red eyes give the vampire squid its name  — it does not feed on blood
 
|-
 
|-
|
+
|[[File:Nautilus.jpg|none|thumb]]
 
|'''Nautilus'''
 
|'''Nautilus'''
  
Line 92: Line 96:
  
 
family  Nautilidae
 
family  Nautilidae
 
  
  
 
Living  fossils
 
Living  fossils
 
 
  
 
The nautilus  shell presents one of the finest natural examples of a logarithmic spiral
 
The nautilus  shell presents one of the finest natural examples of a logarithmic spiral
Line 108: Line 109:
  
  
class Holothuroidea  
+
class Holothuroidea
 +
 
  
 
Have a  leathery skin and an elongated body containing a single, branched gonad. Sea  cucumbers are found on the sea floor worldwide and are used in Chinese  cuisine
 
Have a  leathery skin and an elongated body containing a single, branched gonad. Sea  cucumbers are found on the sea floor worldwide and are used in Chinese  cuisine
Line 117: Line 119:
  
  
Phylum Tardigrada
+
phylum Tardigrada
 +
 
  
 
Also known as  water bear or moss piglet
 
Also known as  water bear or moss piglet
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Tardigrades  are notable for being perhaps the most durable known organisms, able to  survive extreme conditions. They are 0.5 mm long when fully grown
 
Tardigrades  are notable for being perhaps the most durable known organisms, able to  survive extreme conditions. They are 0.5 mm long when fully grown
 
|-
 
|-
|
+
|[[File:Queen Alexandra Birdwing.jpg|none|thumb]]
 
|'''Queen Alexandra’s birdwing'''
 
|'''Queen Alexandra’s birdwing'''
  
  
''Ornithoptera  alexandrae''  
+
 
 +
''Ornithoptera  alexandrae''
 +
 
  
 
The largest butterfly  in the world, with females reaching wingspans of 25 cm (9.8 inches).  Only found  in Papua New Guinea
 
The largest butterfly  in the world, with females reaching wingspans of 25 cm (9.8 inches).  Only found  in Papua New Guinea
 
  
 
Named in  honour of Alexandra of Denmark
 
Named in  honour of Alexandra of Denmark
 
|-
 
|-
|
+
|[[File:Monarch butterfly.jpg|none|thumb]]
 
|'''Monarch butterfly'''
 
|'''Monarch butterfly'''
  
  
''Danaus  plexippus''  
+
 
 +
''Danaus  plexippus''
 +
 
  
 
Milkweed butterfly known for its  annual late-summer/autumn migration from the United States and southern Canada  to Mexico covering thousands of miles
 
Milkweed butterfly known for its  annual late-summer/autumn migration from the United States and southern Canada  to Mexico covering thousands of miles
 
|-
 
|-
|
+
|[[File:Atlas moth.jpg|none|thumb]]
 
|'''Atlas moth'''
 
|'''Atlas moth'''
 +
  
  
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Considered  the largest moths in the world in terms of total wing surface area, but  recent sources confer this title upon the Hercules Moth
 
Considered  the largest moths in the world in terms of total wing surface area, but  recent sources confer this title upon the Hercules Moth
 
  
 
Common across  the Malay archipelago
 
Common across  the Malay archipelago
 
|-
 
|-
|
+
|[[File:Bullet ant.jpg|none|thumb]]
 
|'''Bullet ant'''
 
|'''Bullet ant'''
  
  
''Paraponera clavata''  
+
 
 +
''Paraponera clavata''
 +
 
  
 
Named on  account of its powerful and potent sting due to its venom. The pain caused by  the sting is ranked as the most painful according to the Schmidt sting pain  index
 
Named on  account of its powerful and potent sting due to its venom. The pain caused by  the sting is ranked as the most painful according to the Schmidt sting pain  index
  
 
+
Distributed throughout Central America and South America
distributed throughout Central America and South America
 
 
|-
 
|-
|
+
|[[File:Cuckoo bee.jpg|none|thumb]]
 
|'''Cuckoo bee'''
 
|'''Cuckoo bee'''
 +
  
  
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Refers to a  number of bees which have evolved the kleptoparasitic behaviour of laying  their eggs in the nests of other bees. Often wasp-like in appearance
 
Refers to a  number of bees which have evolved the kleptoparasitic behaviour of laying  their eggs in the nests of other bees. Often wasp-like in appearance
 
|-
 
|-
|
+
|[[File:17 year cicada.jpg|none|thumb]]
 
|'''Periodical cicada'''
 
|'''Periodical cicada'''
  
  
genus ''Magicicada''  
+
 
 +
genus ''Magicicada''
 +
 
  
 
After 13 or  17 years, mature cicada nymphs emerge at any given locality, synchronously  and in tremendous numbers. After mating and egg laying, the adult cicadas are  gone for another 13 or 17 years
 
After 13 or  17 years, mature cicada nymphs emerge at any given locality, synchronously  and in tremendous numbers. After mating and egg laying, the adult cicadas are  gone for another 13 or 17 years
 
|-
 
|-
|
+
|[[File:Goliath beetle.jpg|none|thumb]]
 
|'''Goliath beetle'''
 
|'''Goliath beetle'''
 +
  
  
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Among the  largest insects on Earth. Males can be 110 mm (4.3 in) in length
 
Among the  largest insects on Earth. Males can be 110 mm (4.3 in) in length
 
  
 
Prominent  markings common to all of the ''Goliathus'' species are the sharply  contrasting black vertical stripes on the thoracic shield
 
Prominent  markings common to all of the ''Goliathus'' species are the sharply  contrasting black vertical stripes on the thoracic shield
 
|-
 
|-
|
+
|[[File:Dung beetle with dung.jpg|none|thumb]]
 
|'''Dung beetle'''
 
|'''Dung beetle'''
 +
  
  
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A dung beetle  can bury dung 250 times heavier than itself in one night
 
A dung beetle  can bury dung 250 times heavier than itself in one night
 
  
 
Several  species of the dung beetle, most notably the species ''Scarabaeus sacer'',  enjoyed a sacred status among the ancient Egyptians
 
Several  species of the dung beetle, most notably the species ''Scarabaeus sacer'',  enjoyed a sacred status among the ancient Egyptians
 
|-
 
|-
|
+
|[[File:Stag beetle.jpg|none|thumb]]
 
|'''Stag beetle'''
 
|'''Stag beetle'''
 +
  
  
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Name is  derived from the large and distinctive mandibles found on the males of most  species, which resemble the antlers of stags
 
Name is  derived from the large and distinctive mandibles found on the males of most  species, which resemble the antlers of stags
 
  
 
The species ''Lucanus  cervus'' is the largest terrestrial insect in Europe
 
The species ''Lucanus  cervus'' is the largest terrestrial insect in Europe
 
|-
 
|-
|
+
|[[File:Sydneyfunnelwebspider.jpg|none|thumb]]
 
|'''Sydney funnel-web spider'''
 
|'''Sydney funnel-web spider'''
  
  
''Atrax  robustus''  
+
 
 +
''Atrax  robustus''
 +
 
  
 
If has a bite capable of causing  serious injury or death in humans if left untreated
 
If has a bite capable of causing  serious injury or death in humans if left untreated
 
  
 
A  funnel-web's burrow characteristically has irregular silk trip-lines  radiating from the entrance
 
A  funnel-web's burrow characteristically has irregular silk trip-lines  radiating from the entrance
 
|-
 
|-
|
+
|[[File:Redback spider.jpg|none|thumb]]
 
|'''Redback spider'''
 
|'''Redback spider'''
  
  
''Latrodectus  hasseltii''  
+
 
 +
''Latrodectus  hasseltii''
 +
 
  
 
Venomous  spider indigenous to Australia. The adult female is easily recognised by a  prominent red stripe on the upper side of her abdomen and an hourglass-shaped  red/orange streak on the underside. May be found on the underside of toilet  seats
 
Venomous  spider indigenous to Australia. The adult female is easily recognised by a  prominent red stripe on the upper side of her abdomen and an hourglass-shaped  red/orange streak on the underside. May be found on the underside of toilet  seats
 
|-
 
|-
|
+
|[[File:Black Widow spider.jpg|none|thumb]]
 
|'''Black widow spider'''
 
|'''Black widow spider'''
  
  
''Latrodectus mactans''  
+
 
 +
''Latrodectus mactans''
  
 
Well known  for the distinctive black and red coloring of the female of the species that  will occasionally eat her mate after reproduction. The species is native to  North America. The venom is seldom fatal to humans
 
Well known  for the distinctive black and red coloring of the female of the species that  will occasionally eat her mate after reproduction. The species is native to  North America. The venom is seldom fatal to humans
 
|-
 
|-
|
+
|[[File:False Widow spider.jpg|none|thumb]]
 
|'''False widow spider'''
 
|'''False widow spider'''
  
  
genus ''Steatoda''  
+
 
 +
genus ''Steatoda''
 +
 
  
 
Many spiders  of the genus ''Steatoda'' are often mistaken for widow spiders (''Latrodectus'');  however ''Steatoda'' are significantly less harmful to humans
 
Many spiders  of the genus ''Steatoda'' are often mistaken for widow spiders (''Latrodectus'');  however ''Steatoda'' are significantly less harmful to humans
 
|}
 
|}

Latest revision as of 14:16, 1 July 2021

Box jellyfish.jpg
Box jellyfish


class Cubozoa


Distinguished by their cube-shaped medusae. Some species of box jellyfish produce extremely potent venom

Found in the Indo-Pacific region, notably off the coast of Australia

Portuguese man of war.jpg
Portuguese man o’ war


Physalia physalis


Not a common jellyfish but a colony of specialized minute individuals called zooids

Name comes from the supposed resemblance to the Portuguese version of an armed sailing ship at full sail

Crown of thorns starfish.jpg
Crown-of-thorns starfish


Acanthaster planci


The adult crown-of-thorns is a carnivorous predator that usually preys on reef coral polyps

Most common on the Great Barrier Reef

Japanese spider crab.jpg
Japanese spider crab


Macrocheira kaempferi


It has the greatest leg span of any arthropod, reaching 3.8 m (12 ft) from claw to claw. The whole crab can weigh up to 19 kilograms (42 lb) – second only to the American lobster among all living arthropod species

Christmas Island red crab.jpg
Christmas Island red crab


Gecarcoidea natalis


Endemic to Christmas Island and the Cocos (Keeling) Islands in the Indian Ocean

Well known for their annual mass migration to the sea to lay their eggs in the ocean

Fiddler crab.jpg
Fiddler crab


genus Uca


Well known for their sexually dimorphic claws; the males’ major claw is much larger than the minor claw while the females’ claws are both the same size

Horseshoe crab.jpg
Horseshoe crab

family Limulidae


Living fossils. The earliest horseshoe crab fossils are from 450 million years ago

Do not have haemoglobin in their blood, but instead use haemocyanin to carry oxygen. Because of the copper present in haemocyanin, their blood is blue

Vampire squid.jpg
Vampire squid


Vampyroteuthis infernalis


Name means "vampire squid of Hell"

The animal's dark colour, cloak-like webbing, and red eyes give the vampire squid its name — it does not feed on blood

Nautilus.jpg
Nautilus


family Nautilidae


Living fossils

The nautilus shell presents one of the finest natural examples of a logarithmic spiral

Swims using jet propulsion

Sea cucumber.jpg
Sea cucumber


class Holothuroidea


Have a leathery skin and an elongated body containing a single, branched gonad. Sea cucumbers are found on the sea floor worldwide and are used in Chinese cuisine

Tardigrade.jpg
Tardigrade


phylum Tardigrada


Also known as water bear or moss piglet

Tardigrades are notable for being perhaps the most durable known organisms, able to survive extreme conditions. They are 0.5 mm long when fully grown

Queen Alexandra Birdwing.jpg
Queen Alexandra’s birdwing


Ornithoptera alexandrae


The largest butterfly in the world, with females reaching wingspans of 25 cm (9.8 inches). Only found  in Papua New Guinea

Named in honour of Alexandra of Denmark

Monarch butterfly.jpg
Monarch butterfly


Danaus plexippus


Milkweed butterfly known for its annual late-summer/autumn migration from the United States and southern Canada to Mexico covering thousands of miles

Atlas moth.jpg
Atlas moth


Attacus atlas


Considered the largest moths in the world in terms of total wing surface area, but recent sources confer this title upon the Hercules Moth

Common across the Malay archipelago

Bullet ant.jpg
Bullet ant


Paraponera clavata


Named on account of its powerful and potent sting due to its venom. The pain caused by the sting is ranked as the most painful according to the Schmidt sting pain index

Distributed throughout Central America and South America

Cuckoo bee.jpg
Cuckoo bee


subfamily Nomadinae


Refers to a number of bees which have evolved the kleptoparasitic behaviour of laying their eggs in the nests of other bees. Often wasp-like in appearance

17 year cicada.jpg
Periodical cicada


genus Magicicada


After 13 or 17 years, mature cicada nymphs emerge at any given locality, synchronously and in tremendous numbers. After mating and egg laying, the adult cicadas are gone for another 13 or 17 years

Goliath beetle.jpg
Goliath beetle


family Scarabaeidae


Among the largest insects on Earth. Males can be 110 mm (4.3 in) in length

Prominent markings common to all of the Goliathus species are the sharply contrasting black vertical stripes on the thoracic shield

Dung beetle with dung.jpg
Dung beetle


family Scarabaeidae


A dung beetle can bury dung 250 times heavier than itself in one night

Several species of the dung beetle, most notably the species Scarabaeus sacer, enjoyed a sacred status among the ancient Egyptians

Stag beetle.jpg
Stag beetle


family Lucanidae


Name is derived from the large and distinctive mandibles found on the males of most species, which resemble the antlers of stags

The species Lucanus cervus is the largest terrestrial insect in Europe

Sydneyfunnelwebspider.jpg
Sydney funnel-web spider


Atrax robustus


If has a bite capable of causing serious injury or death in humans if left untreated

A funnel-web's burrow characteristically has irregular silk trip-lines radiating from the entrance

Redback spider.jpg
Redback spider


Latrodectus hasseltii


Venomous spider indigenous to Australia. The adult female is easily recognised by a prominent red stripe on the upper side of her abdomen and an hourglass-shaped red/orange streak on the underside. May be found on the underside of toilet seats

Black Widow spider.jpg
Black widow spider


Latrodectus mactans

Well known for the distinctive black and red coloring of the female of the species that will occasionally eat her mate after reproduction. The species is native to North America. The venom is seldom fatal to humans

False Widow spider.jpg
False widow spider


genus Steatoda


Many spiders of the genus Steatoda are often mistaken for widow spiders (Latrodectus); however Steatoda are significantly less harmful to humans